1
|
Wilar G, Suhandi C, Fukunaga K, Kawahata I. Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib on COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e38229. [PMID: 39381111 PMCID: PMC11456853 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of drugs off-label for managing COVID-19 offers a potential approach. Among these potential drugs, tofacitinib, a JAK inhibitor, is strongly implicated in its ability to mitigate mortality by attenuating the cytokine storm syndrome. This study systematically reviewed and quantitatively assessed the effectiveness and safety profile of tofacitinib use through meta-analysis. Through searches of the PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases up to May 31, 2024, six articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified, encompassing 669 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The review findings indicate that tofacitinib use demonstrates significant clinical efficacy, as evidenced by a reduced risk of mortality (P = 0.003), and a decreased need for invasive mechanical ventilation (P = 0.0002). Furthermore, tofacitinib use is not correlated with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions (P = 0.98), indicating a favorable safety profile. In conclusion, the evidence supports the clinical efficacy of tofacitinib for COVID-19 patients without concomitant risks of adverse effects. Further clinical studies, especially larger-scale randomized controlled trials, are necessary to validate the findings of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gofarana Wilar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Cecep Suhandi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawahata
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Valderrábano RJ, Wipper B, Pencina KM, Migaud M, Shang YV, Latham NK, Montano M, Cunningham JM, Wilson L, Peng L, Memish-Beleva Y, Bhargava A, Swain PM, Lehman P, Lavu S, Livingston DJ, Bhasin S. Dysregulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolome in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Aging Cell 2024:e14326. [PMID: 39354697 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion has been postulated as a contributor to the severity of COVID-19; however, no study has prospectively characterized NAD+ and its metabolites in relation to disease severity in patients with COVID-19. We measured NAD+ and its metabolites in 56 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and in two control groups without COVID-19: (1) 31 age- and sex-matched adults with comorbidities, and (2) 30 adults without comorbidities. Blood NAD+ concentrations in COVID-19 group were only slightly lower than in the control groups (p < 0.05); however, plasma 1-methylnicotinamide concentrations were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 (439.7 ng/mL, 95% CI: 234.0, 645.4 ng/mL) than in age- and sex-matched controls (44.5 ng/mL, 95% CI: 15.6, 73.4) and in healthy controls (18.1 ng/mL, 95% CI 15.4, 20.8; p < 0.001 for each comparison). Plasma nicotinamide concentrations were also higher in COVID-19 group and in controls with comorbidities than in healthy control group. Plasma concentrations of 2-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-PY), but not NAD+, were significantly associated with increased risk of death (HR = 3.65; 95% CI 1.09, 12.2; p = 0.036) and escalation in level of care (HR = 2.90, 95% CI 1.01, 8.38, p = 0.049). RNAseq and RTqPCR analyses of PBMC mRNA found upregulation of multiple genes involved in NAD+ synthesis as well as degradation, and dysregulation of NAD+-dependent processes including immune response, DNA repair, metabolism, apoptosis/autophagy, redox reactions, and mitochondrial function. Blood NAD+ concentrations are modestly reduced in COVID-19; however, NAD+ turnover is substantially increased with upregulation of genes involved in both NAD+ biosynthesis and degradation, supporting the rationale for NAD+ augmentation to attenuate disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo J Valderrábano
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Wipper
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karol Mateusz Pencina
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie Migaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Yili Valentine Shang
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy K Latham
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monty Montano
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James M Cunningham
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren Wilson
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liming Peng
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yusnie Memish-Beleva
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Avantika Bhargava
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pamela M Swain
- Metro International Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phoebe Lehman
- Metro International Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Siva Lavu
- Metro International Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma X, Huang T, Li X, Zhou X, Pan H, Du A, Zeng Y, Yuan K, Wang Z. Exploration of the link between COVID-19 and gastric cancer from the perspective of bioinformatics and systems biology. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1428973. [PMID: 39371335 PMCID: PMC11449776 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1428973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic. Gastric cancer (GC) poses a great threat to people's health, which is a high-risk factor for COVID-19. Previous studies have found some associations between GC and COVID-19, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Methods We employed bioinformatics and systems biology to explore these links between GC and COVID-19. Gene expression profiles of COVID-19 (GSE196822) and GC (GSE179252) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for GC and COVID-19, functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, hub genes, transcriptional regulatory networks and candidate drugs were analyzed. Results We identified 209 shared DEGs between COVID-19 and GC. Functional analyses highlighted immune-related pathways as key players in both diseases. Ten hub genes (CDK1, KIF20A, TPX2, UBE2C, HJURP, CENPA, PLK1, MKI67, IFI6, IFIT2) were identified. The transcription factor/gene and miRNA/gene interaction networks identified 38 transcription factors (TFs) and 234 miRNAs. More importantly, we identified ten potential therapeutic agents, including ciclopirox, resveratrol, etoposide, methotrexate, trifluridine, enterolactone, troglitazone, calcitriol, dasatinib and deferoxamine, some of which have been reported to improve and treat GC and COVID-19. Conclusion This research offer valuable insights into the molecular interplay between COVID-19 and GC, potentially guiding future therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kefei Yuan
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luckner KM, Seckel MA. Understanding the Evolving Pathophysiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Adult Nursing Management. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2024; 36:295-321. [PMID: 39069352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnc.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in December 2019 and quickly became a global pandemic. The understanding of the pathophysiology, treatment, and management of the disease has evolved since the beginning of the pandemic in 2020. COVID-19 can be complicated by immune system dysfunction, lung injury with hypoxemia, acute kidney injury, and coagulopathy. The treatment and management of COVID-19 is based on the severity of illness, ranging from asymptomatic to severe and often life-threatening disease. The 3 main recommended medication classes include antivirals, immunomodulators, and anticoagulants. Other supportive therapies include ensuring adequate oxygenation, mechanical ventilation, and prone positioning.
Collapse
|
5
|
Takasu S, Matsumoto S, Kanto Y, Iwadate K. Ruptured Aortic Valve Aneurysm Caused by Infective Endocarditis in a SARS-CoV-2-Positive Autopsy Case. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2024:00000433-990000000-00213. [PMID: 39133146 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Aortic valve aneurysm, an extremely rare complication secondary to infective endocarditis (IE), may cause heart failure due to rupture of the aneurysm. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to cause cardiovascular complications and alter susceptibility to secondary infections such as IE. Herein, we report a case of IE with a fatal outcome caused by rupture of an aortic valve aneurysm in a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive autopsy case. The patient was a 67-year-old male diagnosed with heart failure after presenting with edema and weight gain. He was found dead in bed 2 weeks after initial symptom presentation. Autopsy revealed an aneurysmal sac in the center of the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve with an opening of approximately 1 cm in the center of the aneurysmal wall. Histologically, aortic valve vegetation, destruction of the aortic valve cusp, rupture of the aneurysmal wall, and an abscess under the aortic intima were observed. Gram staining of the aneurysmal wall showed a gram-positive coccus. The reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Because no defined risk factors for IE other than SARS-CoV-2 infection were observed, the association between IE and COVID-19 was highly likely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Takasu
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Azimi Pirsaraei V, Jozpanahi M, Kamali K, Hamzeloo L, Saeid SP. Anticoagulant Use in COVID-19 Patients: A Longitudinal Study From Zanjan, Iran. Cureus 2024; 16:e66798. [PMID: 39268277 PMCID: PMC11392561 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The mortality and morbidity of thrombotic events in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are increasing worldwide. The clinical impact of prophylactic anticoagulation regimens among these patients in Iran remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the use of prophylactic anticoagulants and outcomes among COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital. Methodology Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized between March 20 and June 20, 2020, were included in this longitudinal study after obtaining informed consent. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the hospital information system and medical records. Outcomes during this period were also evaluated. The data were entered into the preparation checklist and analyzed using SPSS version 24 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), employing chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results Of the 831 enrolled patients, 51.9% were female, and 10.6% needed to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The mean age of the patients was 57.16 ± 17.32 years, and the mortality rate was estimated to be 9.4%. Mortality rates were significantly higher at older ages, in men, patients with ICU admission, severe pulmonary involvement, malignancy, airway obstruction, ischemic heart disease, and previous cerebrovascular accidents. ICU admission and mortality were statistically significantly higher in those who received concurrent prophylactic anticoagulants and aspirin than in other individuals. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that administering prophylactic aspirin with or without anticoagulant agents in COVID-19 patients did not reduce mortality rates or ICU transfers. However, it is worth noting that anticoagulant prescription was associated with a decrease in ICU admissions, which could potentially alleviate the significantly higher mortality rates observed among ICU patients in this study. Further research is needed to explore the potential benefits of anticoagulants in COVID-19 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manizhe Jozpanahi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Valiasr Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IRN
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IRN
| | - Leila Hamzeloo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Valiasr Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IRN
| | - Seyedeh Pegah Saeid
- Research Committee/General Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IRN
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leibel SL, McVicar RN, Murad R, Kwong EM, Clark AE, Alvarado A, Grimmig BA, Nuryyev R, Young RE, Lee JC, Peng W, Zhu YP, Griffis E, Nowell CJ, James B, Alarcon S, Malhotra A, Gearing LJ, Hertzog PJ, Galapate CM, Galenkamp KMO, Commisso C, Smith DM, Sun X, Carlin AF, Sidman RL, Croker BA, Snyder EY. A therapy for suppressing canonical and noncanonical SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and an intrinsic intrapulmonary inflammatory response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2408109121. [PMID: 39028694 PMCID: PMC11287264 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2408109121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of "long COVID" is just one of the conundrums highlighting how little we know about the lung's response to viral infection, particularly to syndromecoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), for which the lung is the point of entry. We used an in vitro human lung system to enable a prospective, unbiased, sequential single-cell level analysis of pulmonary cell responses to infection by multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains. Starting with human induced pluripotent stem cells and emulating lung organogenesis, we generated and infected three-dimensional, multi-cell-type-containing lung organoids (LOs) and gained several unexpected insights. First, SARS-CoV-2 tropism is much broader than previously believed: Many lung cell types are infectable, if not through a canonical receptor-mediated route (e.g., via Angiotensin-converting encyme 2(ACE2)) then via a noncanonical "backdoor" route (via macropinocytosis, a form of endocytosis). Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved endocytosis blockers can abrogate such entry, suggesting adjunctive therapies. Regardless of the route of entry, the virus triggers a lung-autonomous, pulmonary epithelial cell-intrinsic, innate immune response involving interferons and cytokine/chemokine production in the absence of hematopoietic derivatives. The virus can spread rapidly throughout human LOs resulting in mitochondrial apoptosis mediated by the prosurvival protein Bcl-xL. This host cytopathic response to the virus may help explain persistent inflammatory signatures in a dysfunctional pulmonary environment of long COVID. The host response to the virus is, in significant part, dependent on pulmonary Surfactant Protein-B, which plays an unanticipated role in signal transduction, viral resistance, dampening of systemic inflammatory cytokine production, and minimizing apoptosis. Exogenous surfactant, in fact, can be broadly therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Rachael N. McVicar
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Rabi Murad
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Elizabeth M. Kwong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Alex E. Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Asuka Alvarado
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Bethany A. Grimmig
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Ruslan Nuryyev
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Randee E. Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Jamie C. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Weiqi Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Yanfang P. Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Eric Griffis
- Nikon Imaging Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Cameron J. Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Brian James
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Suzie Alarcon
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Linden J. Gearing
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University Clayton, Clayton, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Paul J. Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University Clayton, Clayton, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Cheska M. Galapate
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cell & Molecular Biology of Cancer, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Koen M. O. Galenkamp
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Cosimo Commisso
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cell & Molecular Biology of Cancer, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Davey M. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Aaron F. Carlin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Richard L. Sidman
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Ben A. Croker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Evan Y. Snyder
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA92037
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chai CS, Bin Ibrahim MA, Binti Azhar NA, Binti Roslan Z, Binti Harun R, Krishnabahawan SL, Karthigayan AAP, Binti Abdul Kadir RF, Binti Johari B, Ng DLC, Sim BLH, Liam CK, Bin Muttalif AR, Bin Rasit AH, Peariasamy KM, Bin Abdul Rani MF. Post-discharge spirometry evaluation in patients recovering from moderate-to-critical COVID-19: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16413. [PMID: 39013943 PMCID: PMC11252397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the prevalence of abnormal lung function and its associated factors among patients recovering from COVID-19 is crucial for enhancing post-COVID care strategies. This study primarily aimed to determine the prevalence and types of spirometry abnormalities among post-COVID-19 patients in Malaysia, with a secondary objective of identifying its associated factors. Conducted at the COVID-19 Research Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University Technology MARA, from March 2021 to December 2022, this study included patients at least three months post-discharge from hospitals following moderate-to-critical COVID-19. Of 408 patients studied, abnormal spirometry was found in 46.8%, with 28.4% exhibiting a restrictive pattern, 17.4% showing preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), and 1.0% displaying an obstructive pattern. Factors independently associated with abnormal spirometry included consolidation on chest X-ray (OR 8.1, 95% CI 1.75-37.42, p = 0.008), underlying cardiovascular disease (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.19-10.47, p = 0.023), ground-glass opacity on chest X-ray (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.52-4.30, p < 0.001), and oxygen desaturation during the 6-min walk test (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.20-3.06, p = 0.007). This study highlights that patients recovering from moderate-to-critical COVID-19 often exhibit abnormal spirometry, notably a restrictive pattern and PRISm. Routine spirometry screening for high-risk patients is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Shee Chai
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Amin Bin Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Technology MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amira Binti Azhar
- Clinical Research Centre, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zulaika Binti Roslan
- Clinical Research Centre, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozila Binti Harun
- Clinical Research Centre, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swarna Lata Krishnabahawan
- Clinical Research Centre, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aruna A P Karthigayan
- Department of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Busra Binti Johari
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Technology MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Diana-Leh-Ching Ng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Benedict-Lim-Heng Sim
- Department of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chong-Kin Liam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Razak Bin Muttalif
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University Malaysia, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Hata Bin Rasit
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kalaiarasu M Peariasamy
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mellor-Pita S, Tutor-Ureta P, Velasco P, Plaza A, Diego I, Vázquez-Comendador J, Vionnet AP, Durán-del Campo P, Moreno-Torres V, Vargas JA, Castejon R. IgA Anti-β2-Glycoprotein I Antibodies as Markers of Thrombosis and Severity in COVID-19 Patients. Viruses 2024; 16:1071. [PMID: 39066233 PMCID: PMC11281419 DOI: 10.3390/v16071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 may develop a hypercoagulable state due to tissue and endothelial injury, produced by an unbalanced immune response. Therefore, an increased number of thromboembolic events has been reported in these patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in COVID-19 patients, their role in the development of thrombosis and their relationship with the severity of the disease. In this retrospective study, serum samples from 159 COVID-19 patients and 80 healthy donors were analysed for the presence of aPL. A total of 29 patients (18.2%) and 14 healthy donors (17.5%) were positive for aPL. Nineteen COVID-19 patients (12%) but no healthy donor presented a positive percentage of the IgA isotype aPL. IgA anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-β2GPI) were the most frequent type (6.3%) in patients but was not detected in any healthy donor. The positivity of this antibody was found to be significantly elevated in patients with thromboembolic events (25% vs. 5%, p = 0.029); in fact, patients with positive IgA anti-β2GPI had an incidence of thrombosis over six times higher than those who had normal antibody concentrations [OR (CI 95%) of 6.67 (1.5-30.2), p = 0.014]. Additionally, patients with moderate-severe disease presented a higher aPL positivity than patients with mild disease according to the Brescia (p = 0.029) and CURB-65 (p = 0.011) severity scales. A multivariate analysis showed that positivity for IgA anti-β2GPI is significantly associated with disease severity measured by CURB-65 [OR (CI 95%) 17.8 (1.7-187), p = 0.0016]. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients have a significantly higher positive percentage of the IgA isotype aPL than healthy donors. IgA anti-β2GPI antibodies were the most frequently detected aPL in COVID-19 patients and were associated with thrombosis and severe COVID-19 and are thus proposed as a possible marker to identify high-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mellor-Pita
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIPHIM (Puerta de Hierro University Hospital Research Institute), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-P.); (P.T.-U.); (P.V.); (I.D.); (J.V.-C.); (P.D.-d.C.); (V.M.-T.); (J.A.V.)
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Tutor-Ureta
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIPHIM (Puerta de Hierro University Hospital Research Institute), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-P.); (P.T.-U.); (P.V.); (I.D.); (J.V.-C.); (P.D.-d.C.); (V.M.-T.); (J.A.V.)
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Velasco
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIPHIM (Puerta de Hierro University Hospital Research Institute), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-P.); (P.T.-U.); (P.V.); (I.D.); (J.V.-C.); (P.D.-d.C.); (V.M.-T.); (J.A.V.)
| | - Aresio Plaza
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Itziar Diego
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIPHIM (Puerta de Hierro University Hospital Research Institute), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-P.); (P.T.-U.); (P.V.); (I.D.); (J.V.-C.); (P.D.-d.C.); (V.M.-T.); (J.A.V.)
| | - José Vázquez-Comendador
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIPHIM (Puerta de Hierro University Hospital Research Institute), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-P.); (P.T.-U.); (P.V.); (I.D.); (J.V.-C.); (P.D.-d.C.); (V.M.-T.); (J.A.V.)
| | - Ana Paula Vionnet
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (A.P.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Pedro Durán-del Campo
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIPHIM (Puerta de Hierro University Hospital Research Institute), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-P.); (P.T.-U.); (P.V.); (I.D.); (J.V.-C.); (P.D.-d.C.); (V.M.-T.); (J.A.V.)
| | - Víctor Moreno-Torres
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIPHIM (Puerta de Hierro University Hospital Research Institute), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-P.); (P.T.-U.); (P.V.); (I.D.); (J.V.-C.); (P.D.-d.C.); (V.M.-T.); (J.A.V.)
| | - Juan Antonio Vargas
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIPHIM (Puerta de Hierro University Hospital Research Institute), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-P.); (P.T.-U.); (P.V.); (I.D.); (J.V.-C.); (P.D.-d.C.); (V.M.-T.); (J.A.V.)
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Castejon
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIPHIM (Puerta de Hierro University Hospital Research Institute), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-P.); (P.T.-U.); (P.V.); (I.D.); (J.V.-C.); (P.D.-d.C.); (V.M.-T.); (J.A.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tarchi SM, Salvatore M, Lichtenstein P, Sekar T, Capaccione K, Luk L, Shaish H, Makkar J, Desperito E, Leb J, Navot B, Goldstein J, Laifer S, Beylergil V, Ma H, Jambawalikar S, Aberle D, D'Souza B, Bentley-Hibbert S, Marin MP. Radiology of fibrosis. Part I: Thoracic organs. J Transl Med 2024; 22:609. [PMID: 38956586 PMCID: PMC11218337 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustained injury from factors such as hypoxia, infection, or physical damage may provoke improper tissue repair and the anomalous deposition of connective tissue that causes fibrosis. This phenomenon may take place in any organ, ultimately leading to their dysfunction and eventual failure. Tissue fibrosis has also been found to be central in both the process of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Thus, its prompt diagnosis and regular monitoring is necessary for implementing effective disease-modifying interventions aiming to reduce mortality and improve overall quality of life. While significant research has been conducted on these subjects, a comprehensive understanding of how their relationship manifests through modern imaging techniques remains to be established. This work intends to provide a comprehensive overview of imaging technologies relevant to the detection of fibrosis affecting thoracic organs as well as to explore potential future advancements in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maria Tarchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Mary Salvatore
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Philip Lichtenstein
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Thillai Sekar
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kathleen Capaccione
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lyndon Luk
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hiram Shaish
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jasnit Makkar
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elise Desperito
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jay Leb
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Benjamin Navot
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan Goldstein
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sherelle Laifer
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Volkan Beylergil
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sachin Jambawalikar
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dwight Aberle
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Belinda D'Souza
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stuart Bentley-Hibbert
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Monica Pernia Marin
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sulistyani LD, Julia V, Soeprapto A, Swari RP, Rosmanato F, Haryanto B, Cahyarini C, Panjaitan R, Maharani DA. The effects of mouth rinsing and gargling with mouthwash containing povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide on the cycle threshold value of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A randomized controlled trial of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients. F1000Res 2024; 11:1238. [PMID: 38988895 PMCID: PMC11234079 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.110843.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 can spread rapidly. Surgery in the oral cavity poses a high risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The American Dental Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend the use of mouthwash containing 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) or 0.2% povidone iodine (PI) to reduce the viral load in the upper respiratory tract and decrease the risk of transmission. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of mouth rinsing and gargling with mouthwash containing 1% PI, 0.5% PI, 3% H 2O 2, or 1.5% H 2O 2 and water on the cycle threshold (CT) value obtained by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods This study is a randomized single blind controlled clinical trial which has been registered in the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry on the 3 rd February 2022 (Registration number: ISRCTN18356379). In total, 69 subjects recruited from Persahabatan General Hospital who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups or the control group. The subjects were instructed to gargle with 15 mL of mouthwash for 30 s in the oral cavity followed by 30 s in the back of the throat, three times per day for 5 days. CT values were collected on postprocedural days 1, 3, and 5. Results The results of the Friedman test significantly differed among the groups (n=15). The CT values increased from baseline (day 0) to postprocedural days 1, 3, and 5. Conclusions Mouth rinsing and gargling with mouthwash containing 1% PI, 0.5% PI, 3% H 2O 2, or 1.5% H 2O 2 and water increased the CT value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilies Dwi Sulistyani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Vera Julia
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Andrianto Soeprapto
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Rumartha Putri Swari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Febriadi Rosmanato
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Budi Haryanto
- Clinical Microbiology, Persahabatan Central General Hospital, East Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 13230, Indonesia
| | - Cahyarini Cahyarini
- Clinical Microbiology, Persahabatan Central General Hospital, East Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 13230, Indonesia
| | - Rinaldi Panjaitan
- Clinical Microbiology, Persahabatan Central General Hospital, East Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 13230, Indonesia
| | - Diah Ayu Maharani
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Renard D, Verdalle-Cazes M, Leprêtre P, Bellien J, Brunel V, Renet S, Tamion F, Besnier E, Clavier T. Association between volume of lung damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress expression among severe COVID-19 ICU patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1368031. [PMID: 38933109 PMCID: PMC11200928 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1368031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Links have been established between SARS-CoV-2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). However, the relationships between inflammation, ERS, and the volume of organ damage are not well known in humans. The aim of this study was to explore whether ERS explains lung damage volume (LDV) among COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and methods We conducted a single-center retrospective study (ancillary analysis of a prospective cohort) including severe COVID-19 ICU patients who had a chest computed tomography (CT) scan 24 h before/after admission to assess LDV. We performed two multivariate linear regression models to identify factors associated with plasma levels of 78 kDa-Glucose-Regulated Protein (GRP78; ERS marker) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6; inflammation marker) at admission. Results Among 63 patients analyzed, GRP78 plasma level was associated with LDV in both multivariate models (β = 22.23 [4.08;40.38]; p = 0.0179, β = 20.47 [0.74;40.20]; p = 0.0423) but not with organ failure (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score) at admission (r = 0.03 [-0.22;0.28]; p = 0.2559). GRP78 plasma level was lower among ICU survivors (1539.4 [1139.2;1941.1] vs. 1714.2 [1555.2;2579.1] pg./mL. respectively; p = 0.0297). IL-6 plasma level was associated with SOFA score at admission in both multivariate models (β = 136.60 [65.50;207.70]; p = 0.0003, β = 193.70 [116.60;270.90]; p < 0.0001) but not with LDV (r = 0.13 [-0.14;0.39]; p = 0.3219). IL-6 plasma level was not different between ICU survivors and non-survivors (12.2 [6.0;43.7] vs. 30.4 [12.9;69.7] pg./mL. respectively; p = 0.1857). There was no correlation between GRP78 and IL-6 plasma levels (r = 0.13 [-0.13;0.37]; p = 0.3106). Conclusion Among severe COVID-19 patients, ERS was associated with LDV but not with systemic inflammation, while systemic inflammation was associated with organ failure but not with LDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domitille Renard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | | | - Perrine Leprêtre
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Jérémy Bellien
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
- Department of Pharmacology, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Valery Brunel
- Department of General Biochemistry, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Sylvanie Renet
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Fabienne Tamion
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Emmanuel Besnier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Clavier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Molaei S, Asfaram S, Mashhadi Z, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Iranpour S. Insights into parasites and COVID-19 co-infections in Iran: a systematic review. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:350-358. [PMID: 38288655 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well-documented that using immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids or cytokine blockers in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of co-infections. Here we systematically summarized the cases of COVID-19-associated parasitic infections (CAPIs) in Iran. METHODS From 19 February 2020 to 10 May 2023, all studies on Iranian patients suffering from CAPIs were collected from several databases using a systematic search strategy. RESULTS Of 540 records, 11 studies remained for data extraction. In this research, most of the studies were related to Lophomonas and Toxoplasma. Of 411 cases of CAPIs, toxoplasmosis (385 [93.7%]) had the highest rate of infection among Iranian patients, followed by blastocystosis (15 [3.6%]), fascioliasis (4 [0.97%]), leishmaniasis (3 [0.7%]), lophomoniasis (3 [0.7%]) and strongyloidiasis (1 [0.2%]). In general, Blastocystis enhanced diarrhoea in patients with COVID-19. Lophomonas, Toxoplasma and Strongyloides increased the severity of COVID-19, but Fasciola decreased its intensity. Patients with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis showed mild symptoms of COVID-19. Also, patients with a prior history of hydatid cysts were not affected by COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Due to the similar symptoms of some parasitic diseases and COVID-19 and immunosuppressive treatment regimens in these patients that may cause the reactivation or recurrence of parasitic infections, early diagnosis and treatment are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Molaei
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran
| | - Shabnam Asfaram
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran
| | - Zahra Mashhadi
- School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran
| | - Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran
| | - Sohrab Iranpour
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kligerman S. Imaging of the Spectrum of Acute Lung Injury. Clin Chest Med 2024; 45:357-371. [PMID: 38816093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Organizing pneumonia, acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia, and diffuse alveolar damage, represent multi-compartment patterns of lung injury. The initial region of injury in all remains the same and is centered on the fused basement membrane (BM) between the capillary endothelium and type I pneumocyte. Injury leads to cellular death, BM denudation, increased cellular permeability, and BM structural damage, which leads to exudation, organization, and attempts at repair. When acute lung injury does lead to fibrosis, in some instances it can lead to histologic and/or radiologic usual interstitial pneumonia or nonspecific interstital pneumonia patterns suggesting that lung injury is the primary mechanism for the development of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth Kligerman
- Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, 3131 East Alameda Avenue, Unit 1302, Denver, CO 80209, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sánchez-Morales L, Porras N, García-Seco T, Pérez-Sancho M, Cruz F, Chinchilla B, Barroso-Arévalo S, Diaz-Frutos M, Buendía A, Moreno I, Briones V, Risalde MDLÁ, de la Fuente J, Juste R, Garrido J, Balseiro A, Gortázar C, Rodríguez-Bertos A, Domínguez M, Domínguez L. Neuropathological lesions in intravenous BCG-stimulated K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2. Vet Res 2024; 55:71. [PMID: 38822398 PMCID: PMC11143641 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, questions emerged about the potential effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the neurodegenerative diseases it may contribute to. To explore this, an experimental study was carried out in BCG-stimulated and non-stimulated k18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2. Viral loads in tissues determined by RT-qPCR, histopathology in brain and lungs, immunohistochemical study in brain (IHC) as well as mortality rates, clinical signs and plasma inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers were assessed. Our results showed BCG-SARS-CoV-2 challenged mice presented higher viral loads in the brain and an increased frequency of neuroinvasion, with the greatest differences observed between groups at 3-4 days post-infection (dpi). Histopathological examination showed a higher severity of brain lesions in BCG-SARS-CoV-2 challenged mice, mainly consisting of neuroinflammation, increased glial cell population and neuronal degeneration, from 5 dpi onwards. This group also presented higher interstitial pneumonia and vascular thrombosis in lungs (3-4 dpi), BCG-SARS-CoV-2 mice showed higher values for TNF-α and D-dimer values, while iNOS values were higher in SARS-CoV-2 mice at 3-4 dpi. Results presented in this study indicate that BCG stimulation could have intensified the inflammatory and neurodegenerative lesions promoting virus neuroinvasion and dissemination in this experimental model. Although k18-hACE2 mice show higher hACE2 expression and neurodissemination, this study suggests that, although the benefits of BCG on enhancing heterologous protection against pathogens and tumour cells have been broadly demonstrated, potential adverse outcomes due to the non-specific effects of BCG should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Sánchez-Morales
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Néstor Porras
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa García-Seco
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Sancho
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fátima Cruz
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Chinchilla
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Barroso-Arévalo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Diaz-Frutos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Buendía
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo-Majadahonda km 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Briones
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María de Los Ángeles Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ramón Juste
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Joseba Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Pozuelo-Majadahonda km 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Real Academia de Doctores de España, C. de San Bernardo, 49, 28015, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maddaloni L, Zullino V, Bugani G, Lazzaro A, Brisciani M, Mastroianni CM, Santinelli L, Ruberto F. Could SP-A and SP-D Serum Levels Predict COVID-19 Severity? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5620. [PMID: 38891806 PMCID: PMC11171469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the various clinical manifestations that characterize Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the scientific community is constantly searching for biomarkers with prognostic value. Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are collectins that play a crucial role in ensuring proper alveolar function and an alteration of their serum levels was reported in several pulmonary diseases characterized by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. Considering that such clinical manifestations can also occur during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we wondered if these collectins could act as prognostic markers. In this regard, serum levels of SP-A and SP-D were measured by enzyme immunoassay in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 51) at admission (T0) and after seven days (T1) and compared with healthy donors (n = 11). SP-D increased in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls during the early phases of infection, while a significant reduction was observed at T1. Stratifying SARS-CoV-2 patients according to disease severity, increased serum SP-D levels were observed in severe compared to mild patients. In light of these results, SP-D, but not SP-A, seems to be an eligible marker of COVID-19 pneumonia, and the early detection of SP-D serum levels could be crucial for preventive clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maddaloni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Veronica Zullino
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.Z.); (M.B.); (F.R.)
| | - Ginevra Bugani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Alessandro Lazzaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Matteo Brisciani
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.Z.); (M.B.); (F.R.)
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Franco Ruberto
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.Z.); (M.B.); (F.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pahlavan Y, Yeganeh O, Asghariazar V, Karami C. Multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 targeting the spike RBD: an immunoinformatics approach. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO939. [PMID: 38827807 PMCID: PMC11140640 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: We designed a SARS-CoV-2 epitope vaccine based on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in virus spike protein. Methods: RT-PCR performed on nasopharyngeal swab COVID-19 patients. After registering RBD region in the GenBank, physicochemical parameters, secondary structure, homology modeling, 3D structure of RBD region and antigenicity were determined using ProtParam ExPASy, PSIPRED, MolProbity, IEDB and Vaxijen online tools, respectively. Results: B and T cell epitopes were predicted in terms of non-allergenicity and antigenicity. MolProbity analysis provided a qualitative model for RBD. The homology model showed that most of the residues are in optimal district of energy. Conclusion: High immunogenicity score of epitopes indicates promising candidates for the development of multi-epitope vaccines. It may help to develop an effective vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Pahlavan
- Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 56189-85991, Iran
| | - Omid Yeganeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 16511-53311, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 56189-85991, Iran
| | - Chiman Karami
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 56189-85991, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Golino G, Forin E, Boni E, Martin M, Perbellini G, Rizzello V, Toniolo A, Danzi V. Secondary pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 patient: A case managed with VV-ECMO. IDCases 2024; 36:e01956. [PMID: 38681081 PMCID: PMC11047182 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Air leak syndrome, including pneumomediastinum (PM), pneumopericardium, pneumothorax, or subcutaneous emphysema, is primarily caused by chest trauma, cardiothoracic surgery, esophageal perforation, and mechanical ventilation. Secondary pneumomediastinum (SP) is a rare complication, with a much lower incidence reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our patient was a 44-year-old nonsmoker male with a previous history of obesity (Body Mass Index [BMI] 35 kg/m2), hyperthyroidism, hypokinetic cardiopathy and atrial fibrillation in treatment with flecainide, who presented to the emergency department with 6 days of fever, cough, dyspnea, and respiratory distress. The COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed based on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). After initiation of mechanical ventilation, a chest computed tomography (CT) on the first day revealed bilateral multifocal ground-glass opacities, consolidation and an extensive SP and pneumoperitoneum. Our therapeutic strategy was initiation of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) as a bridge to recovery after positioning 2 drains (mediastinal and pleural), for both oxygenation and carbon dioxide clearance, to allow protective and ultra-protective ventilation to limit ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and the intensity of mechanical power for lung recovery. After another chest CT scan which showed a clear reduction of the PM, 2 pronation and neuromuscular relaxation cycles were also required, with improvement of gas exchange and respiratory mechanics. On the 15th day, lung function recovered and the patient was then weaned from VV-ECMO, and ultimately made a good recovery and was discharged. In conclusion, SP may be a reflection of extensive alveolar damage and should be considered as a potential predictive factor for adverse outcome in critically ill SARS-CoV2 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianlorenzo Golino
- Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Vicenza 36100, Italy
| | - Edoardo Forin
- Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Vicenza 36100, Italy
| | - Elisa Boni
- Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Vicenza 36100, Italy
| | - Marina Martin
- Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Vicenza 36100, Italy
| | - Guido Perbellini
- Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Vicenza 36100, Italy
| | - Veronica Rizzello
- Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Vicenza 36100, Italy
| | - Anna Toniolo
- Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Vicenza 36100, Italy
| | - Vinicio Danzi
- Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Vicenza 36100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Deshmukh R, Harwansh RK, Garg A, Mishra S, Agrawal R, Jangde R. COVID-19: Recent Insight in Genomic Feature, Pathogenesis, Immunological Biomarkers, Treatment Options and Clinical Updates on SARS-CoV-2. Curr Genomics 2024; 25:69-87. [PMID: 38751601 PMCID: PMC11092912 DOI: 10.2174/0113892029291098240129113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious and transmissible viral infection that first emerged in 2019 and since then has sparked an epidemic of severe respiratory problems identified as "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19) that causes a hazard to human life and safety. The virus developed mainly from bats. The current epidemic has presented a significant warning to life across the world by showing mutation. There are different tests available for testing Coronavirus, and RT-PCR is the best, giving more accurate results, but it is also time-consuming. There are different options available for treating n-CoV-19, which include medications such as Remdesivir, corticosteroids, plasma therapy, Dexamethasone therapy, etc. The development of vaccines such as BNT126b2, ChAdOX1, mRNA-1273 and BBIBP-CorV has provided great relief in dealing with the virus as they decreased the mortality rate. BNT126b2 and ChAdOX1 are two n-CoV vaccines found to be most effective in controlling the spread of infection. In the future, nanotechnology-based vaccines and immune engineering techniques can be helpful for further research on Coronavirus and treatment of this deadly virus. The existing knowledge about the existence of SARS-CoV-2, along with its variants, is summarized in this review. This review, based on recently published findings, presents the core genetics of COVID-19, including heritable characteristics, pathogenesis, immunological biomarkers, treatment options and clinical updates on the virus, along with patents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohitas Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Harwansh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, NH-2, Mathura, Delhi Road, Chhatikara, 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rutvi Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, NH-2, Mathura, Delhi Road, Chhatikara, 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Jangde
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oliveira TT, Freitas JF, de Medeiros VPB, Xavier TJDS, Agnez-Lima LF. Integrated analysis of RNA-seq datasets reveals novel targets and regulators of COVID-19 severity. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302358. [PMID: 38262689 PMCID: PMC10806258 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, RNA-seq datasets were produced to investigate the virus-host relationship. However, much of these data remains underexplored. To improve the search for molecular targets and biomarkers, we performed an integrated analysis of multiple RNA-seq datasets, expanding the cohort and including patients from different countries, encompassing severe and mild COVID-19 patients. Our analysis revealed that severe COVID-19 patients exhibit overexpression of genes coding for proteins of extracellular exosomes, endomembrane system, and neutrophil granules (e.g., S100A9, LY96, and RAB1B), which may play an essential role in the cellular response to infection. Concurrently, these patients exhibit down-regulation of genes encoding components of the T cell receptor complex and nucleolus, including TP53, IL2RB, and NCL Finally, SPI1 may emerge as a central transcriptional factor associated with the up-regulated genes, whereas TP53, MYC, and MAX were associated with the down-regulated genes during COVID-19. This study identified targets and transcriptional factors, lighting on the molecular pathophysiology of syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Teixeira Oliveira
- https://ror.org/04wn09761 Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - Júlia Firme Freitas
- https://ror.org/04wn09761 Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Jesus da Silva Xavier
- https://ror.org/04wn09761 Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima
- https://ror.org/04wn09761 Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fanni SC, Volpi F, Colligiani L, Chimera D, Tonerini M, Pistelli F, Pancani R, Airoldi C, Bartholmai BJ, Cioni D, Carrozzi L, Neri E, De Liperi A, Romei C. Quantitative CT Texture Analysis of COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients during 3-24-Month Follow-Up and Correlation with Functional Parameters. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:550. [PMID: 38473022 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To quantitatively evaluate CT lung abnormalities in COVID-19 survivors from the acute phase to 24-month follow-up. Quantitative CT features as predictors of abnormalities' persistence were investigated. METHODS Patients who survived COVID-19 were retrospectively enrolled and underwent a chest CT at baseline (T0) and 3 months (T3) after discharge, with pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Patients with residual CT abnormalities repeated the CT at 12 (T12) and 24 (T24) months after discharge. A machine-learning-based software, CALIPER, calculated the CT percentage of the whole lung of normal parenchyma, ground glass (GG), reticulation (Ret), and vascular-related structures (VRSs). Differences (Δ) were calculated between time points. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to test the baseline parameters as predictors of functional impairment at T3 and of the persistence of CT abnormalities at T12. RESULTS The cohort included 128 patients at T0, 133 at T3, 61 at T12, and 34 at T24. The GG medians were 8.44%, 0.14%, 0.13% and 0.12% at T0, T3, T12 and T24. The Ret medians were 2.79% at T0 and 0.14% at the following time points. All Δ significantly differed from 0, except between T12 and T24. The GG and VRSs at T0 achieved AUCs of 0.73 as predictors of functional impairment, and area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.71 and 0.72 for the persistence of CT abnormalities at T12. CONCLUSIONS CALIPER accurately quantified the CT changes up to the 24-month follow-up. Resolution mostly occurred at T3, and Ret persisting at T12 was almost unchanged at T24. The baseline parameters were good predictors of functional impairment at T3 and of abnormalities' persistence at T12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Claudio Fanni
- Department of Translational Research, Academic Radiology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Volpi
- Department of Translational Research, Academic Radiology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Colligiani
- Department of Translational Research, Academic Radiology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Chimera
- Pneumology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Tonerini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Pancani
- Pneumology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Airoldi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piemonte, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | | | - Dania Cioni
- Department of Translational Research, Academic Radiology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Carrozzi
- Pneumology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Neri
- Department of Translational Research, Academic Radiology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Liperi
- 2nd Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Pisa University-Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Romei
- 2nd Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Pisa University-Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Briones-Claudett KH, Briones-Claudett MH, Bajaña Huilcapi CK, Tripul Villamar OE, Ochoa Vásquez R, Rivera Salas CDR, Briones-Zamora KH, Benites Solis J, Briones-Márquez DC, Freire AX, Grunauer M. Surfactant therapy using vibrating-mesh nebulizers in adults with COVID-19-induced ARDS: A case series. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2024; 12:2050313X241236313. [PMID: 38444695 PMCID: PMC10913513 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x241236313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus adult respiratory distress syndrome, characterized by decreased surfactant due to lysis of type II pneumocytes and hyaline membrane formation, contributes to severe hypoxemia. The administration of surfactant via high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) may positively affect lung structure and function in this context. In this study, we report on five clinical cases, encompassing patients aged 40-60 years of both sexes, who tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 via real-time polymerase chain reaction and exhibited significant pulmonary compromise with elevated inflammatory biomarkers. These patients were treated with aerosol therapy using surfactant delivered through vibrating-mesh nebulizers alongside HFNC. Of these patients, four demonstrated positive responses to the treatment, suggesting that aerosol therapy with surfactant through vibrating-mesh nebulizers could be a viable rescue therapy in adults receiving HFNC oxygen therapy for hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Unfortunately, one patient had a negative outcome and succumbed. The findings from these cases indicate that the use of aerosol therapy with vibrating-mesh nebulizers as rescue therapy might offer an alternative approach for managing adults with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2, as evidenced by the positive outcomes in four out of the five cases presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Killen H Briones-Claudett
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
- Intensive Care Unit, Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security, Babahoyo, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amado X Freire
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michelle Grunauer
- School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Batassini É, Beghetto MG. Comparing nursing workload for critically ill adults with and without COVID-19: Retrospective cohort study. Nurs Crit Care 2024; 29:397-406. [PMID: 37690783 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive care environments already required complex work, and, furthermore, the recent COVID-19 pandemic increased health care demands, disorganized work teams and limited resources. Nonetheless, the real workload of nursing workers in the care for critical patients during this period was seldom investigated. AIM To compare the workload of nursing workers, estimated using the Nursing Activities Score (NAS), in patients with and without COVID-19 who had been hospitalized in an adult intensive care unit (ICU). STUDY DESIGN This study was developed in the ICU of a public university hospital in the south of Brazil. The workload of nursing workers was estimated using the NAS, which was developed through a retrospective cohort using reports of the assistance registered in electronic records, including the first 10 days of hospitalization of all patients admitted into the ICU in 2020 and 2021, who had at least one NAS evaluation; then, the workload was compared between patients with and without COVID-19. Generalized estimating equations models were used. The project was approved by the research ethics committee of the institution where the study took place. RESULTS The follow-up of 3485 patients resulted in 20 506 days of observation during the first 10 days of ICU hospitalization. The mean NAS score for the entire patient/day sample was 85.6 ± 18.1%, with 87.8 ± 17.8% in the COVID-19 group and 82.6 ± 18.2% in the non-COVID-19 group (p < .001). The use of mechanical ventilation, noradrenaline, sedation and neuromuscular blocking drugs, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and haemodialysis increased the value of NAS for patients with or without COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The workload of nursing professionals was higher for COVID-19 patients than for patients who did not present the disease in the first 10 days of ICU hospitalization. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study presents the impact of COVID-19 on the ICU nursing workload in Brazil. The high workload found can support management decisions regarding quantity and quality of workforce composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Érica Batassini
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariur Gomes Beghetto
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Nursing School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Z, Wang Q, Qin F, Chen J. Exosomes: a promising avenue for cancer diagnosis beyond treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1344705. [PMID: 38419843 PMCID: PMC10900531 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1344705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their remarkable therapeutic potential. These nanoscale carriers can be harnessed for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, such as pharmaceuticals, proteins, and nucleic acids, across biological barriers. This versatile attribute of exosomes is a promising modality for precision medicine applications, notably in the realm of cancer therapy. However, despite their substantial therapeutic potential, exosomes still confront challenges tied to standardization and scalability that impede their practice in clinical applications. Moreover, heterogeneity in isolation methodologies and limited cargo loading mechanisms pose obstacles to ensuring consistent outcomes, thereby constraining their therapeutic utility. In contrast, exosomes exhibit a distinct advantage in cancer diagnosis, as they harbor specific signatures reflective of the tumor's genetic and proteomic profile. This characteristic endows them with the potential to serve as valuable liquid biopsies for non-invasive and real-time monitoring, making possible early cancer detection for the development of personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we provide an extensive evaluation of the advancements in exosome research, critically examining their advantages and limitations in the context of cancer therapy and early diagnosis. Furthermore, we present a curated overview of the most recent technological innovations utilizing exosomes, with a focus on enhancing the efficacy of early cancer detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alavi-Dana SMM, Gholami Y, Meghdadi M, Fadaei MS, Askari VR. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for COVID-19 infection. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:319-334. [PMID: 38117433 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, spread worldwide rapidly, and caused millions of deaths in a short time. Many preclinical and clinical studies were performed to discover the most efficient therapy to reduce the mortality of COVID-19 patients. Among various approaches for preventing and treating COVID-19, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy can be regarded as a novel and efficient treatment for managing COVID-19 patients. In this review, we explain the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection in humans and discuss the role of MSCs in suppressing the inflammation and cytokine storm produced by COVID-19. Then, we reviewed the clinical trial and systematic review studies that investigated the safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yazdan Gholami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Meghdadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saleh Fadaei
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Sq, Vakil Abad Highway, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Sq, Vakil Abad Highway, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Uddin MKM, Hossain ME, Ami JQ, Hasan R, Hasan MM, Islam A, Hasan MJ, Shaly NJ, Ahmed S, Samina P, Rahman MZ, Rahman M, Banu S. SalivaDirect: an alternative to a conventional RNA extraction protocol for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a clinical setting. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0327223. [PMID: 38014980 PMCID: PMC10783095 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03272-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Affordable and accessible tests for COVID-19 allow for timely disease treatment and pandemic management. SalivaDirect is a faster and easier method to implement than NPS sampling. Patients can self-collect saliva samples at home or in other non-clinical settings without the help of a healthcare professional. Sample processing in SalivaDirect is less complex and more adaptable than in conventional nucleic acid extraction methods. We found that SalivaDirect has good diagnostic performance and is ideal for large-scale testing in settings where supplies may be limited or trained healthcare professionals are unavailable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Enayet Hossain
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jenifar Quaiyum Ami
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashedul Hasan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahmudul Hasan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashabul Islam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jahid Hasan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan Shaly
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahriar Ahmed
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pushpita Samina
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sayera Banu
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abolfazli S, Ebrahimi N, Morabi E, Asgari Yazdi MA, Zengin G, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Hydrogen Sulfide: Physiological Roles and Therapeutic Implications against COVID-19. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3132-3148. [PMID: 37138436 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230502111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) poses a major menace to economic and public health worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) are two host proteins that play an essential function in the entry of SARS-- COV-2 into host cells. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a new gasotransmitter, has been shown to protect the lungs from potential damage through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-aging effects. It is well known that H2S is crucial in controlling the inflammatory reaction and the pro-inflammatory cytokine storm. Therefore, it has been suggested that some H2S donors may help treat acute lung inflammation. Furthermore, recent research illuminates a number of mechanisms of action that may explain the antiviral properties of H2S. Some early clinical findings indicate a negative correlation between endogenous H2S concentrations and COVID-19 intensity. Therefore, reusing H2S-releasing drugs could represent a curative option for COVID-19 therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Abolfazli
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Nima Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Etekhar Morabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sheikh HI, Zakaria NH, Abdul Majid FA, Zamzuri F, Fadhlina A, Hairani MAS. Promising roles of Zingiber officinale roscoe, Curcuma longa L., and Momordica charantia L. as immunity modulators against COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD RESEARCH 2023; 14:100680. [PMID: 37346755 PMCID: PMC10259168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, and Momordica charantia are medicinal plants that are commonly used in the form of herbal tea, which is formulated to strengthen the immune system, especially against COVID-19 infection. Excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory properties have been reported for their bioactive compounds, which have been shown to aid in stimulating immune systems as well as lowering the risk of severe COVID-19 such as lung injury. Yet, no bibliometric study on the subject is available. Hence, the purpose of this study is to quantitatively examine the existing articles related to the therapeutic potential of these three herbs, as well as their mechanisms of action in combating the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A total of 121 papers were retrieved from Scopus database up to 14th March 2023. The bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer software. Based on the literature search, Z. officinale was the most researched plant. India appeared as the most prolific country, with the highest number of articles contributed by two authors from India (Rathi, R. and Gayatri Devi, R.). In terms of keywords, the plants were associated with immune modulation, management of symptoms, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Several important bioactive compounds were responsible for these effects such as gingerol, paradol, shogaol, curcumin, calebin A, momordicoside, karaviloside and cucurbitadienol. These compounds were hypothesized to prevent and cure COVID-19 by regulating inflammatory response, downregulating oxidative stress and modulating immunostimulatory activity. This review paper therefore supports the potential of Z. officinale, C. longa, and M. charantia to be formulated as a herbal blend for treating and preventing COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan I Sheikh
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Food Security Research Cluster, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hafizah Zakaria
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Fatihah Zamzuri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anis Fadhlina
- Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shih LJ, Yang CC, Liao MT, Lu KC, Hu WC, Lin CP. An important call: Suggestion of using IL-10 as therapeutic agent for COVID-19 with ARDS and other complications. Virulence 2023; 14:2190650. [PMID: 36914565 PMCID: PMC10026935 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2190650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a detrimental impact on public health. COVID-19 usually manifests as pneumonia, which can progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to uncontrolled TH17 immune reaction. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic agent to manage COVID-19 with complications. The currently available anti-viral drug remdesivir has an effectiveness of 30% in SARS-CoV-2-induced severe complications. Thus, there is a need to identify effective agents to treat COVID-19 and the associated acute lung injury and other complications. The host immunological pathway against this virus typically involves the THαβ immune response. THαβ immunity is triggered by type 1 interferon and interleukin-27 (IL-27), and the main effector cells of the THαβ immune response are IL10-CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, NK cells, and IgG1-producing B cells. In particular, IL-10 exerts a potent immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory effect and is an anti-fibrotic agent for pulmonary fibrosis. Concurrently, IL-10 can ameliorate acute lung injury or ARDS, especially those caused by viruses. Owing to its anti-viral activity and anti-pro-inflammatory effects, in this review, IL-10 is suggested as a possible treatment agent for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jane Shih
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chung Hu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pei Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- h Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mostafa A, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Elhady HA, Mohamed EA, Eledrdery AY, Alruwaili SH, Al-Abd AM, Allayeh AK. Dual action of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in virus-induced cell Injury. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:145. [PMID: 38012348 PMCID: PMC10682343 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infections cause damage and long-term injury to infected human tissues, demanding therapy with antiviral and wound healing medications. Consequently, safe phytochemical molecules that may control viral infections with an ability to provide wound healing to viral-induced tissue injuries, either topically or systemically, are advantageous. Herein, we hypothesized that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, might be effective as a wound healing, antiviral, and antifibrotic therapy. RESULTS The antiviral activities of EGCG against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) as well as its wound healing activities against different monolayer tissue (continuous and primary) systems were investigated. Consider its possible wound-healing advantages as well. To determine the safe concentrations of EGCG in green monkey kidney (Vero) and Vero-E6 cell lines, MTT assay was performed and showed high CC50 values of 405.1 and 322.9 μM, respectively. The antiviral activities of EGCG against SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-2, measured as half-maximal concentration 50 (IC50) concentrations, were 36.28 and 59.88 μM, respectively. These results confirm that the EGCG has remarkable viral inhibitory activities and could successfully suppress the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-2 in vitro with acceptable selectivity indices (SI) of 11.16 and 5.39, respectively. In parallel, the EGCG exhibits significant and dose/time-dependent anti-migration effects in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), its resistant variation (MCF-7adr), and human skin fibroblast (HSF) indicating their potential to heal injuries in different internal and topical mammalian systems. CONCLUSIONS The EGCG has proven to be an efficient antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-2, as well as a wound-healing phytochemical. We assume that EGCG may be a promising option for slowing the course of acute cellular damage induced by systemic (Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)) or topical (HSV-2) viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mostafa
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA.
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department and Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, 11564, Skaka, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Esraa Ahmed Mohamed
- Virology Department, Nawah Scientific Co, Almokattam Mall, Street 9, Egypt, 11562, El Mokattam, Egypt
| | - Abozer Y Eledrdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf Uni-Versity, 11564, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sager Holyl Alruwaili
- Department of Surgery, Orthopedic Division, College of Medicine, Jouf University, 11564, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Al-Abd
- Pharmacology Department, Medical and Clinical Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdou Kamal Allayeh
- Water Pollution Department, Virology Laboratory, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cappelletti P, Gallo G, Marino R, Palaniappan S, Corbo M, Savoia C, Feligioni M. From cardiovascular system to brain, the potential protective role of Mas Receptors in COVID-19 infection. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176061. [PMID: 37775018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a new pandemic in March 2020. Although most patients are asymptomatic, those with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities may develop a more severe systemic infection which is often associated with fatal pneumonia. Nonetheless, neurological and cardiovascular manifestations could be present even without respiratory symptoms. To date, no COVID-19-specific drugs are able for preventing or treating the infection and generally, the symptoms are relieved with general anti-inflammatory drugs. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2) may function as the receptor for virus entry within the cells favoring the progression of infection in the organism. On the other hand, ACE2 is a relevant enzyme in renin angiotensin system (RAS) cascade fostering Ang1-7/Mas receptor activation which promotes protective effects in neurological and cardiovascular systems. It is known that RAS is composed by two functional countervailing axes the ACE/AngII/AT1 receptor and the ACE/AngII/AT2 receptor which counteracts the actions mediated by AngII/AT1 receptor by inducing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-growth functions. Subsequently an "alternative" ACE2/Ang1-7/Mas receptor axis has been described with functions similar to the latter protective arm. Here, we discuss the neurological and cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 highlighting the role of the stimulation of the RAS "alternative" protective arm in attenuating pulmonary, cerebral and cardiovascular damages. In conclusion, only two clinical trials are running for Mas receptor agonists but few other molecules are in preclinical phase and if successful these drugs might represent a successful strategy for the treatment of the acute phase of COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Cappelletti
- Department of Neuro-Rehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Igea, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Marino
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neuro-Rehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Igea, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Savoia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Department of Neuro-Rehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Igea, Milan, Italy; European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Iwashita H, Kawabata Y, Hayashi H, Matsushita S, Yamashiro T, Matsumura M, Yoshimura Y, Kataoka T, Mitsui H, Suzuki T, Misumi T, Tanaka T, Ishijima S, Fukuoka J, Iwasawa T, Ogura T, Okudela K. Frequency of subclinical interstitial lung disease in COVID-19 autopsy cases: potential risk factors of severe pneumonia. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:408. [PMID: 37891495 PMCID: PMC10612296 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk factors of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been previously reported; however, histological risk factors have not been defined thus far. The aim of this study was to clarify subclinical hidden interstitial lung disease (ILD) as a risk factor of severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19. We carefully examined autopsied lungs and chest computed tomography scanning (CT) images from patients with COVID-19 for interstitial lesions and then analyzed their relationship with disease severity. Among the autopsy series, subclinical ILD was found in 13/27 cases (48%) in the COVID-19 group, and in contrast, 8/65 (12%) in the control autopsy group (p = 0.0006; Fisher's exact test). We reviewed CT images from the COVID-19 autopsy cases and verified that subclinical ILD was histologically detectable in the CT images. Then, we retrospectively examined CT images from another series of COVID-19 cases in the Yokohama, Japan area between February-August 2020 for interstitial lesions and analyzed the relationship to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Interstitial lesion was more frequently found in the group with the moderate II/severe disease than in the moderate I/mild disease (severity was evaluated according to the COVID-19 severity classification system of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare [Japan]) (moderate II/severe, 11/15, 73.3% versus moderate I/mild, 108/245, 44.1%; Fisher exact test, p = 0.0333). In conclusion, it was suggested that subclinical ILD could be an important risk factor for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. A benefit of these findings could be the development of a risk assessment system using high resolution CT images for fatal COVID-19 pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Iwashita
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawabata
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 1696, Itai, Kumagaya-shi, Saitama, 360-0197, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Division of Pathology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, 1-1 Mitsuzawanishimachi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 221-0855, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Matsushita
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Yamashiro
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mai Matsumura
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Infectious disease, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, 1-1 Mitsuzawanishimachi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 221-0855, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideaki Mitsui
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takehisa Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Misumi
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Sosuke Ishijima
- Department of Pathology Informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology Informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tae Iwasawa
- Division of Radiology, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomioka- higashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0051, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomioka-higashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0051, Japan
| | - Koji Okudela
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang L, Nishi H, Kinoshita K. Single-cell RNA-seq public data reveal the gene regulatory network landscape of respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells in COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194614. [PMID: 37936693 PMCID: PMC10627007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. However, its comprehensive influence on pathological immune responses in the respiratory epithelium and peripheral immune cells is not yet fully understood. Methods In this study, we analyzed multiple public scRNA-seq datasets of nasopharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood to investigate the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate and severe disease, respectively. Cell-cell communication networks among cell types were also inferred. Finally, validations were conducted using bulk RNA-seq and proteome data. Results Similar and dissimilar regulons were identified within or between epithelial and immune cells during COVID-19 severity progression. The relative transcription factors (TFs) and their targets were used to construct GRNs among different infection sites and conditions. Between respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells, different TFs tended to be used to regulate the activity of a cell between healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients, although they had some TFs in common. For example, XBP1, FOS, STAT1, and STAT2 were activated in both the epithelial and immune cells of virus-infected individuals. In contrast, severe COVID-19 cases exhibited activation of CEBPD in peripheral immune cells, while CEBPB was exclusively activated in respiratory epithelial cells. Moreover, in patients with severe COVID-19, although some inflammatory genes, such as S100A8/A9, were found to be upregulated in both respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells, their relative regulators can differ in terms of cell types. The cell-cell communication analysis suggested that epidermal growth factor receptor signaling among epithelia contributes to mild/moderate disease, and chemokine signaling among immune cells contributes to severe disease. Conclusion This study identified cell type- and condition-specific regulons in a wide range of cell types from the initial infection site to the peripheral blood, and clarified the diverse mechanisms of maladaptive responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hafumi Nishi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of In Silico Analyses, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Viollet S, Enouf E, Picot J, Noël L, Huet S, Le Pennec D, Sécher T, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Kitten O, Cinier M. Inhalable Nanofitin demonstrates high neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 virus via direct application in respiratory tract. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2861-2871. [PMID: 37652011 PMCID: PMC10556219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanofitins are small and hyperthermostable alternative protein scaffolds that display physicochemical properties making them suitable for the development of topical therapeutics, notably for the treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases. Local administration of biologics to the lungs involves a particularly stressful step of nebulization that is poorly tolerated by most antibodies, which limits their application by this delivery route. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we generated anti-SARS-CoV-2 monomeric Nanofitins of high specificity for the spike protein. Hit Nanofitin candidates were identified based on their binding properties with punctual spike mutants and assembled into a linear multimeric construction constituting of four different Nanofitins, allowing the generation of a highly potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 molecule. The therapeutic efficacy of the multimeric assembly was demonstrated both in in vitro and in vivo models. Interestingly, the neutralization mechanism of the multimeric construction seems to involve a particular conformation switch of the spike trimer. In addition, we reported the stability and the conserved activity of the tetrameric construction after nebulization. This advantageous developability feature for pulmonary administration associated with the ease of assembly, as well as the fast generation process position the Nanofitin technology as a potential therapeutic solution for emerging infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Déborah Le Pennec
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Thomas Sécher
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; University of Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Goswami S, Chowdhury JP. Antiviral attributes of bee venom as a possible therapeutic approach against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future Virol 2023:10.2217/fvl-2023-0127. [PMID: 37970095 PMCID: PMC10630947 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented scale of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has driven considerable investigation into novel antiviral treatments since effective vaccination strategies cannot completely eradicate the virus. Apitherapy describes the medicinal use of bee venom, which may be an effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bee venom contains chemicals that are antimicrobial and stimulate the immune system to counteract viral load. The present review focuses on the use of bee venom as a possible treatment for COVID-19 and reviews studies on the pharmacodynamics of bee venom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Goswami
- Department of Zoology, Sunbeam Women's College, Varuna, Varanasi, 221002, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Estelle AB, Forsythe HM, Yu Z, Hughes K, Lasher B, Allen P, Reardon PN, Hendrix DA, Barbar EJ. RNA structure and multiple weak interactions balance the interplay between RNA binding and phase separation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad333. [PMID: 37901441 PMCID: PMC10605006 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds viral RNA, condensing it inside the virion, and phase separating with RNA to form liquid-liquid condensates. There is little consensus on what differentiates sequence-independent N-RNA interactions in the virion or in liquid droplets from those with specific genomic RNA (gRNA) motifs necessary for viral function inside infected cells. To identify the RNA structures and the N domains responsible for specific interactions and phase separation, we use the first 1,000 nt of viral RNA and short RNA segments designed as models for single-stranded and paired RNA. Binding affinities estimated from fluorescence anisotropy of these RNAs to the two-folded domains of N (the NTD and CTD) and comparison to full-length N demonstrate that the NTD binds preferentially to single-stranded RNA, and while it is the primary RNA-binding site, it is not essential to phase separation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identifies two RNA-binding sites on the NTD: a previously characterized site and an additional although weaker RNA-binding face that becomes prominent when binding to the primary site is weak, such as with dsRNA or a binding-impaired mutant. Phase separation assays of nucleocapsid domains with double-stranded and single-stranded RNA structures support a model where multiple weak interactions, such as with the CTD or the NTD's secondary face promote phase separation, while strong, specific interactions do not. These studies indicate that both strong and multivalent weak N-RNA interactions underlie the multifunctional abilities of N.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan B Estelle
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Heather M Forsythe
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Brittany Lasher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Patrick Allen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Patrick N Reardon
- Oregon State University NMR Facility, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - David A Hendrix
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Elisar J Barbar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nazari P, Pozzilli P. Type 2 diabetes and Covid-19: Lessons learnt, unanswered questions and hints for the future. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 204:110896. [PMID: 37683768 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and COVID-19 represent a considerable burden of disease for patients and healthcare systems. New evidence is transpiring detailing the existence of a bidirectional relationship between T2DM and COVID-19. Alongside the acute influence of pre-existing T2DM on the course of COVID-19 and the exacerbation of dysglycemia following acute infection, long-term sequalae resulting from the synergistic interplay between the two is emerging, namely the development of COVID-induced diabetes and long-COVID in patients with pre-existing diabetes. This review presents our current understanding of the bidirectionality between these two conditions with a view to highlighting questions which remain unanswered and suggesting avenues for future research. In doing so, it emphasises critical gaps where concentrated research efforts are likely to yield the most beneficial improvements in understanding of the relationship between the two conditions, translating to tangible optimisations in care for the affected population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Nazari
- St.Bartholomew's and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Centre of Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, St. Bartholomew's and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Barlang LA, Mohl BP, Blaurock C, Harder S, Breithaupt A, Merkel OM, Balkema-Buschmann A, Popp A. SARS-CoV-2 induced changes in the glycosylation pattern in the respiratory tract of Golden Syrian hamsters. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152077. [PMID: 37523787 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Even after more than two years of intensive research, not all of the pathophysiological processes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, have been fully elucidated. The initial virus-host interaction at the respiratory epithelium plays a crucial role in the course and progression of the infection, and is highly dependent on the glycosylation pattern of the host cell and of the secreted mucins. Glycans are polysaccharides that can be attached to proteins and thereby add to their stability and functionality. Lectins are glycan-binding proteins that recognize specific glycan motifs, and lectin histochemistry is a suitable tool to visualize and examine glycosylation pattern changes in tissues. In this study we used lectins with different glycan-specificities for the visualization of glycosylation pattern changes in the respiratory tract of SARS-CoV-2 infected Golden Syrian hamsters. While some lectins (LEL, STL) enable the visualization of the damage to alveolar type 1 pneumocytes, other lectins, e.g., GSLI, visualized the loss and subsequent hyperplasia of type 2 pneumocytes. UEAI staining was co-localized with KI67, a proliferation marker. Double staining of lectins LEL, STL and WGA with specific immune cell markers (Iba1, CD68) showed co-localization and the dominant infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages into infected alveolar tissue. The elucidation of the glycosylation pattern of the respiratory tract cells in uninfected and infected Golden Syrian hamsters revealed physiological and pathological aspects of the disease that may open new possibilities for therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea-Adriana Barlang
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 8133 Munich, Germany.
| | - Björn-Patrick Mohl
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Claudia Blaurock
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sophia Harder
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Angele Breithaupt
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 8133 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Andreas Popp
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Reyes CDG, Onigbinde S, Sanni A, Bennett AI, Jiang P, Daramola O, Ahmadi P, Fowowe M, Atashi M, Sandilya V, Hakim MA, Mechref Y. N-Glycome Profile of the Spike Protein S1: Systemic and Comparative Analysis from Eleven Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1421. [PMID: 37759821 PMCID: PMC10526240 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus rapidly spread worldwide, threatening public health. Since it emerged, the scientific community has been engaged in the development of effective therapeutics and vaccines. The subunit S1 in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates the viral entry into the host and is therefore one of the major research targets. The S1 protein is extensively glycosylated, and there is compelling evidence that glycans protect the virus' active site from the human defense system. Therefore, investigation of the S1 protein glycome alterations in the different virus variants will provide a view of the glycan evolution and its relationship with the virus pathogenesis. In this study, we explored the N-glycosylation expression of the S1 protein for eleven SARS-CoV-2 variants: five variants of concern (VOC), including alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omicron, and six variants of interest (VOI), including epsilon, eta, iota, lambda, kappa, and mu. The results showed significant differences in the N-glycome abundance of all variants. The N-glycome of the VOC showed a large increase in the abundance of sialofucosylated glycans, with the greatest abundance in the omicron variant. In contrast, the results showed a large abundance of fucosylated glycans for most of the VOI. Two glycan compositions, GlcNAc4,Hex5,Fuc,NeuAc (4-5-1-1) and GlcNAc6,Hex8,Fuc,NeuAc (6-8-1-1), were the most abundant structures across all variants. We believe that our data will contribute to understanding the S1 protein's structural differences between SARS-CoV-2 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (C.D.G.R.); (S.O.); (A.S.); (A.I.B.); (P.J.); (O.D.); (P.A.); (M.F.); (M.A.); (V.S.); (M.A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Coskun A, Demirci B, Turkdogan KA. Association of carbon monoxide poisonings and carboxyhemoglobin levels with COVID-19 and clinical severity. World J Methodol 2023; 13:248-258. [PMID: 37771862 PMCID: PMC10523238 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i4.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which recently spread throughout the entire world, is still a significant health issue. Additionally, the most common cause of risky poisoning in emergency services is carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Both disorders seem to merit more research as they have an impact on all bodily systems via the lungs. AIM To determine how arterial blood gas and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels affect the clinical and prognostic results of individuals requiring emergency treatment who have both COVID-19 and CO poisoning. METHODS Between January 2018 and December 2021, 479 CO-poisoning patients participated in this single-center, retrospective study. Patients were primarily divided into two groups for analysis: Pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Additionally, the pandemic era was divided into categories based on the presence of COVID-19 and, if present, the clinical severity of the infection. The hospital information system was used to extract patient demographic, clinical, arterial blood gas, COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction, and other laboratory data. RESULTS The mean age of the 479 patients was 54.93 ± 11.51 years, and 187 (39%) were female. 226 (47%) patients were in the pandemic group and 143 (30%) of them had a history of COVID-19. While the mean potential of hydrogen (pH) in arterial blood gas of all patients was 7.28 ± 0.15, it was 7.35 ± 0.10 in the pre-pandemic group and 7.05 ± 0.16 in the severe group during the pandemic period (P < 0.001). COHb was 23.98 ± 4.19% in the outpatients and 45.26% ± 3.19% in the mortality group (P < 0.001). Partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) was 89.63 ± 7.62 mmHg in the pre-pandemic group, and 79.50 ± 7.18 mmHg in the severe group during the pandemic period (P < 0.001). Despite the fact that mortality occurred in 35 (7%) of all cases, pandemic cases accounted for 30 of these deaths (85.7%) (P <0.001). The association between COHb, troponin, lactate, partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide, HCO3, calcium, glucose, age, pH, PaO2, potassium, sodium, and base excess levels in the pre-pandemic and pandemic groups was statistically significant in univariate linear analysis. CONCLUSION Air exchange barrier disruption caused by COVID-19 may have pulmonary consequences. In patients with a history of pandemic COVID-19, clinical results and survival are considerably unfavorable in cases of CO poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abuzer Coskun
- Emergency Medicine Clinic, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34200, Turkey
| | - Burak Demirci
- Emergency Medicine Clinic, Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34200, Turkey
| | - Kenan Ahmet Turkdogan
- Emergency Medicine Department, Istanbul Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul 34494, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Memar EHE, Mohsenipour R, Sadrosadat ST, Rostami P. Pediatric endocrinopathies related to COVID-19: an update. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:823-834. [PMID: 36480134 PMCID: PMC9734372 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the seventh coronavirus to be linked to human disease. The SARS-CoV-2 virus may have several pathophysiologic interactions with endocrine systems, resulting in disruptions in glucose metabolism, hypothalamus and pituitary function, adrenal function, and mineral metabolism. An increasing amount of evidence demonstrates both the influence of underlying endocrine abnormalities on the outcome of COVID-19 and the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on endocrine systems. However, a systematic examination of the link to pediatric endocrine diseases has been missing. DATA SOURCES The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on endocrine systems and to summarize the available knowledge on COVID-19 consequences in children with underlying endocrine abnormalities. For this purpose, a literature search was conducted in EMBASE, and data that were discussed about the effects of COVID-19 on endocrine systems were used in the current study. RESULTS Treatment suggestions were provided for endocrinopathies associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS With the global outbreak of COVID-19, it is critical for pediatric endocrinologists to understand how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the endocrine system and the therapeutic concerns for children with underlying problems who develop COVID-19. While children and adults share certain risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection sequelae, it is becoming obvious that pediatric responses are different and that adult study results cannot be generalized. While pediatric research gives some insight, it also shows the need for more study in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reihaneh Mohsenipour
- Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Taravat Sadrosadat
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Rostami
- Growth and Development Research Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Khudadah K, Ramadan A, Othman A, Refaey N, Elrosasy A, Rezkallah A, Heseba T, Moawad M, Mektebi A, Elejla S, Abouzid M, Abdelazeem B. Surfactant replacement therapy as promising treatment for COVID-19: an updated narrative review. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230504. [PMID: 37497603 PMCID: PMC10412525 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 exhibit similar symptoms to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been shown to target alveolar type 2 lung cells which synthesize and secrete endogenous surfactants leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome in some patients. This was proven by post-mortem histopathological findings revealing desquamated alveolar type 2 cells. Surfactant use in patients with COVID-19 respiratory distress syndrome results in marked improvement in respiratory parameters but not mortality which needs further clinical trials comparing surfactant formulas and modes of administration to decrease the mortality. In addition, surfactants could be a promising vehicle for specific drug delivery as a liposomal carrier, which requires more and more challenging efforts. In this review, we highlight the current reviews and two clinical trials on exogenous surfactant therapy in COVID-19-associated respiratory distress in adults, and how surfactant could be a promising drug to help fight the COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alaa Ramadan
- Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Othman
- Kuwait Oil Company Ahmadi Hospital, Al Ahmadi, Kuwait
| | - Neveen Refaey
- Women’s Health department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Elrosasy
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayoub Rezkallah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Algeirs, Algeirs, Algeria
- Department of Hematology Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, Hospital Center University Lamine Debaghine, Algeirs, Algeria
| | - Toka Heseba
- Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Hossam El Din Moawad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Clinical Department, Alexandria University, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ammar Mektebi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Sewar A Elejla
- Faculty of Medicine, Alquds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Mohamed Abouzid
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Basel Abdelazeem
- McLaren Health Care, Flint, Michigan, U.S.A
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee YB, Jung M, Kim J, Charles A, Christ W, Kang J, Kang MG, Kwak C, Klingström J, Smed-Sörensen A, Kim JS, Mun JY, Rhee HW. Super-resolution proximity labeling reveals anti-viral protein network and its structural changes against SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112835. [PMID: 37478010 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates in human cells by interacting with host factors following infection. To understand the virus and host interactome proximity, we introduce a super-resolution proximity labeling (SR-PL) method with a "plug-and-playable" PL enzyme, TurboID-GBP (GFP-binding nanobody protein), and we apply it for interactome mapping of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a and membrane protein (M), which generates highly perturbed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structures. Through SR-PL analysis of the biotinylated interactome, 224 and 272 peptides are robustly identified as ORF3a and M interactomes, respectively. Within the ORF3a interactome, RNF5 co-localizes with ORF3a and generates ubiquitin modifications of ORF3a that can be involved in protein degradation. We also observe that the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate is efficiently reduced by the overexpression of RNF5 in host cells. The interactome data obtained using the SR-PL method are presented at https://sarscov2.spatiomics.org. We hope that our method will contribute to revealing virus-host interactions of other viruses in an efficient manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyo Jung
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesoo Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Afandi Charles
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wanda Christ
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiwoong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Gyun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jong-Seo Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Woo Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Moghaddam RR, Khorasanchi Z, Noor AR, Moghadam MSF, Esfahani AJ, Alyakobi AKM, Alboresha ML, Sharifan P, Bahari A, Rezvani R, Aghasizade M, Heshmati M, Darban RA, Ferns G, Mobarhan MG. High-dose vitamin D supplementation is related to an improvement in serum alkaline phosphatase in COVID-19 patients; a randomized double-blinded clinical trial. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:71. [PMID: 37491318 PMCID: PMC10369932 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits and harms of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of COVID-19 have not yet been fully documented. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on liver function tests in COVID-19. METHOD This double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on 140 hospitalized patients aged > 30 years. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either intervention group (n = 70 receiving 50,000 IU of vitamin D capsules orally as a single dose and then 10,000 IU syrup daily from the second day of admission for 30 days) and the control group (n = 70 receiving 1000 IU vitamin D syrup orally per day). Liver function tests (LFT), including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Decision tree analysis was performed to identify the predictors for change in liver enzymes. RESULTS Among COVID-19 patients, a significant decrease was observed in serum level of ALP between intervention and placebo groups (p = 0.04). In addition, decision tree analysis revealed that GGT, temperature, serum magnesium level at baseline and gender were the most important predictors of ALT changes in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION High-dose vitamin D supplementation improved ALP markers among COVID-19 patients. More randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up times will be required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rezvani Moghaddam
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorasanchi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ayad Rasool Noor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Payam Sharifan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Bahari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Aghasizade
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Heshmati
- Department of Clinical Care Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Assaran Darban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pustake M, Giri P, Ganiyani MA, Mumtaz K, Deshmukh K, Saju M, Nunez JV, Orlova N, Das A. Drawing Parallels between SARS, MERS, and COVID-19: A Comparative Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Pathological Features. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:518-524. [PMID: 37662119 PMCID: PMC10470569 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_460_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since November 2019, when the novel coronavirus arose in Wuhan City, over 188 million people worldwide have been infected with COVID-19. It is the third coronavirus outbreak in the twenty-first century. Until now, practically all coronavirus epidemics have occurred due to zoonotic spread from an animal or transitional host or through the consumption of their products. Coronaviruses can infect humans and cause severe illness and even death. Material and Methods This review was designed to help us recognize and harmonize the similarities and differences between these three coronaviridae family members. Result Measures aimed at containing the epidemic should be emphasized in this circumstance. Prioritizing and planning these activities require an understanding of the particulars of these three viruses. Given the pandemic's enormous death toll and rapid spread, we should be cognizant of the parallels and differences between these three viruses. Additionally, this pandemic warns us to be cautious against the possibility of a future pandemic. Conclusion We highlight the fundamental characteristics of coronaviruses that are critical for recognizing coronavirus epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathological features that reveal numerous significant pathological attributes and evolutionary patterns in the viral genome that aid in better understanding and anticipating future epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Pustake
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Purushottam Giri
- Department of Community Medicine, IIMSR Medical College, Jalna, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammad Arfat Ganiyani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kahkashan Mumtaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krishna Deshmukh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Michael Saju
- Department of Community Medicine, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Arghadip Das
- Department of Pathology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Razi O, Teixeira AM, Tartibian B, Zamani N, Knechtle B. Respiratory issues in patients with multiple sclerosis as a risk factor during SARS-CoV-2 infection: a potential role for exercise. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:1533-1559. [PMID: 36411399 PMCID: PMC9684932 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with cytokine storm and is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia problems. The respiratory system is a place of inappropriate activation of the immune system in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and this may cause damage to the lung and worsen both MS and infections.The concerns for patients with multiple sclerosis are because of an enhance risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The MS patients pose challenges in this pandemic situation, because of the regulatory defect of autoreactivity of the immune system and neurological and respiratory tract symptoms. In this review, we first indicate respiratory issues associated with both diseases. Then, the main mechanisms inducing lung damages and also impairing the respiratory muscles in individuals with both diseases is discussed. At the end, the leading role of physical exercise on mitigating respiratory issues inducing mechanisms is meticulously evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bakhtyar Tartibian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame-Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kloping YP, Hidayatullah F, Rahman ZA, Chung E, Hakim L. Male Reproductive Tract Involvement and Sperm Parameters in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:538-557. [PMID: 36102101 PMCID: PMC10307665 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a growing concern regarding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male reproductive tract due to ACE2 receptor expression, however, its impact remains unclear. We performed this review to evaluate whether SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the male reproductive system. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a search in the Embase, Scopus, and MEDLINE databases, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Eligible studies comprised articles reporting viral RNA presence in semen, sperm parameters, and orchitis or orchiepididymitis occurrence in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Observational studies' quality was determined using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Case reports were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)'s checklist. RESULTS A total of 32 relevant articles were included. Viral RNA was found in 7% of infected patients' semen (95% CI, -0.01 to 0.15) from 3 studies. There were also only 7% of patients with orchitis or orchiepididymitis clinical manifestations (95% CI, 0.05-0.10). The semen volume and concentration were 2.34 mL (95% CI, 1.87-2.81) and 51.73 million/mL (95% CI, 31.60-71.85). The progressive and total motility percentages were 36.11% (95% CI, 28.87-43.35) and 43.07% (95% CI, 28.57-57.57), respectively. The morphology was 6.03% (95% CI, -1.05 to 13.10). There is a difference in semen volume between moderate and severe infections (MD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.27-0.76; p<0.0001) and concentration between mild and moderate (MD, 18.74; 95% CI, 1.02-36.46; p=0.04), mild and severe (MD, 43.50; 95% CI, 13.86-73.14; p=0.004), as well as moderate and severe (MD, 22.25; 95% CI, 9.33-35.17; p=0.0007). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in decreased sperm concentration in severe cases and the mechanism relates to potential reproductive tract inflammation. The absence of large viral RNA detection in the semen indicates a systemic effect, although this is largely unproven.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudhistira Pradnyan Kloping
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Urology, Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Furqan Hidayatullah
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Urology, Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Zakaria Aulia Rahman
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Urology, Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Eric Chung
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lukman Hakim
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Urology, Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fayyad-Kazan M, Makki R, Homsi ME, Samadi A, Chaaban H, Majzoub RE, Hamade E, Fayyad-Kazan H, Badran B. Circulating microRNA profile in response to remdesivir treatment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Arch Virol 2023; 168:194. [PMID: 37380930 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a serious infectious disease caused by the recently discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a major global health crisis. Although no specific antiviral drugs have been proven to be fully effective against COVID-19, remdesivir (GS-5734), a nucleoside analogue prodrug, has shown beneficial effects when used to treat severe hospitalized COVID-19 cases. The molecular mechanism underlying this beneficial therapeutic effect is still vaguely understood. In this study, we assessed the effect of remdesivir treatment on the pattern of circulating miRNAs in the plasma of COVID-19 patients, which was analyzed using MiRCURY LNA miRNA miRNome qPCR Panels and confirmed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The results revealed that remdesivir treatment can restore the levels of miRNAs that are upregulated in COVID-19 patients to the range observed in healthy subjects. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these miRNAs are involved in diverse biological processes, including the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), hippo, P53, mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis, and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis signaling pathways. On the other hand, three miRNAs (hsa-miR-7-5p, hsa-miR-10b-5p, and hsa-miR-130b-3p) were found to be upregulated in patients receiving remdesivir treatment and in patients who experienced natural remission. These upregulated miRNAs could serve as biomarkers of COVID-19 remission. This study highlights that the therapeutic potential of remdesivir involves alteration of certain miRNA-regulated biological processes. Targeting of these miRNAs should therefore be considered for future COVID-19 treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, The American University of Iraq-Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Rawan Makki
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud El Homsi
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Samadi
- Molecular diagnostics Laboratory, Saida Governmental Hospital, Saida, Lebanon
| | - Hilal Chaaban
- Molecular diagnostics Laboratory, Saida Governmental Hospital, Saida, Lebanon
| | - Rania El Majzoub
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Glebov OO, Mueller C, Stewart R, Aarsland D, Perera G. Antidepressant drug prescription and incidence of COVID-19 in mental health outpatients: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:209. [PMID: 37340474 PMCID: PMC10283271 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the main pharmaceutical intervention for COVID-19 is vaccination. While antidepressant (AD) drugs have shown some efficacy in treatment of symptomatic COVID-19, their preventative potential remains largely unexplored. Analysis of association between prescription of ADs and COVID-19 incidence in the population would be beneficial for assessing the utility of ADs in COVID-19 prevention. METHODS Retrospective study of association between AD prescription and COVID-19 diagnosis was performed in a cohort of community-dwelling adult mental health outpatients during the 1st wave of COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Clinical record interactive search (CRIS) was performed for mentions of ADs within 3 months preceding admission to inpatient care of the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust. Incidence of positive COVID-19 tests upon admission and during inpatient treatment was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS AD mention was associated with approximately 40% lower incidence of positive COVID-19 test results when adjusted for socioeconomic parameters and physical health. This association was also observed for prescription of ADs of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests that ADs, and SSRIs in particular, may be of benefit for preventing COVID-19 infection spread in the community. The key limitations of the study are its retrospective nature and the focus on a mental health patient cohort. A more definitive assessment of AD and SSRI preventative potential warrants prospective studies in the wider demographic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg O Glebov
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Shandong, China.
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Gayan Perera
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pietrantonio F, Ciamei A, Vinci A, Ciarambino T, Alessi E, Pascucci M, Delli Castelli M, Zito S, Sanguedolce S, Rainone M, Di Lorenzo J, Vinci F, Laurelli G, Di Iorio C, Corsi R, Ricci S, Di Berardino A, Ruggeri M, Rosiello F. Polypharmacy Management in a Gender Perspective: At the Heart of the Problem: Analysis of Major Cardiac Diseases, SARS-CoV-2 Affection and Gender Distribution in a Cohort of Patients in Internal Medicine Ward. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5711. [PMID: 37174229 PMCID: PMC10178862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 patients with any pre-existing major cardio-vascular disease (CVD) are at the highest risk of viral infection and of developing severe disease. The pathophysiological mechanism is characterized by the viral link to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the involvement of the endothelial system with the release of cytokines and the inflicting of direct damage to the myocardium, the induction of microthrombosis, and the initiation of alterations in oxygen diffusion. The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical course and outcomes in patients (gender-stratified) with pre-existing major CVD. METHODS Out of the 1833 (973 M/860 F) patients admitted to the Internal Medicine COVID-19 Unit of "Castelli Hospital", Lazio, Italy, from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021, 600 patients (320 M/280 F) with a mean age of 77 (78.6 M/75.1 F) previously had CVD. Demographic characteristics, length of the stay (LOS) and oxygen therapy were evaluated. RESULTS All of the CVD COVID-19 patients underwent non-invasive ventilation (NIV). CVD was linked with increased LOS (21 days F/22 M) compared to no CVD (19 days). In total, 32.7% of total patients had major CVD. CONCLUSIONS Timely identification and evaluation of patients with pre-existing major CVD are fundamental for adequate treatment based on gender, severity, state of illness and for risk reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Pietrantonio
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
- National Centre for Health Technology Assessment, National Health Institute, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Ciamei
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Antonio Vinci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ciarambino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Elena Alessi
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Matteo Pascucci
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Zito
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Simona Sanguedolce
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Marianna Rainone
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Jacopo Di Lorenzo
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Fabio Vinci
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Giulia Laurelli
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Iorio
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Roberto Corsi
- Health Management, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Serafino Ricci
- Department of Hystological, Anatomical Sciences and Legal Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Ruggeri
- National Centre for Health Technology Assessment, National Health Institute, 00153 Rome, Italy
- HTA Center, St. Camillus University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Rosiello
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
- Department of Hystological, Anatomical Sciences and Legal Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, 00196 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|