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Bahbah WA, Abo Hola AS, Bedair HM, Taha ET, El Zefzaf HMS. Serum eosinophil-derived neurotoxin: a new promising biomarker for cow's milk allergy diagnosis. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03260-x. [PMID: 38802610 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's Milk Allergy (CMA) diagnosis is often a challenge due to the non-specific nature of symptoms and lack of a confirmatory diagnostic test. To our knowledge no previous studies investigated serum Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin (sEDN) in CMA. So, we aimed to assess the role of sEDN in CMA diagnosis. METHODS Forty-five infants with CMA were compared to 45 infants with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and 45 healthy controls. For all participants, Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) was documented, and sEDN level with hematological parameters were measured before starting elimination diet. RESULTS Receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve identified sEDN > 14 ng/mL and CoMiSS > 9 as the optimal cut-off points to discriminate CMA from other groups with sensitivity 86.67%, 97.78% and specificity 60.00%, 78.89% respectively. Additionally, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) showed the highest sensitivity and specificity (80.0% and 78.89%) among hematological parameters. Although CoMiSS and ANC showed a significant positive correlation with sEDN in CMA group, CoMiSS was the only significant predictor for sEDN in multivariate linear regression. CONCLUSIONS sEDN showed high sensitivity in discriminating infants with and without CMA. Therefore, it is suggested as a potential biomarker for CMA diagnosis. Also, ANC should be closely monitored in these infants. IMPACT CMA presents with high heterogeneity, which complicates the diagnosis especially non-IgE-mediated and mixed types. So, oral food challenge continues to be the gold standard for its diagnosis. ROC curve identified CoMiSS > 9 as the best cut-off point to identify CMA. However, CoMiSS is a good awareness tool for CMA but not a diagnostic tool. sEDN level was significantly higher in infants with CMA with a good diagnostic performance in differentiating them than those without CMA. So, it is suggested as a potential biomarker for CMA diagnosis. ANC could have a role in CMA diagnosis and differentiating it from FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A Bahbah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abo Hola
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Bedair
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Eman T Taha
- Ministry of Health, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Heba M S El Zefzaf
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
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Sarnoch SO, Pepić A, Schmitz L, Becker B, Betz C, Hoffmann AS. The value of biomarkers in the therapy of CRSwNP with biologicals-a long-term follow-up of dupilumab therapy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s00405-024-08574-4. [PMID: 38709320 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since its release, Dupilumab has shown great results in treating severe uncontrolled CRSwNP. However, there is a lack of real-world data beyond 12 months of follow-up, and it is not clear to what extent biomarkers are appropriate for monitoring and predicting the Dupilumab therapy success. Hence, this study aims to analyze biomarkers for monitoring therapy, predicting therapy success and assess the effect of Dupilumab in real-world settings. METHODS The follow-up was performed with 104 patients retrospectively up to 22 months, assessing SNOT-22, NPS, olfactometry, ACS, FEV-1, and blood biomarkers (total serum IgE, Eosinophils, ECP). Patients were divided into subgroups depending on their pretherapeutic biomarker levels and subsequent development was analyzed. RESULTS There was substantially improvement in all clinical parameters up to 1 year and then continuously up to month 22. Patients with initially elevated baseline blood eosinophil counts (> 0.5 billion/L) had a trend of better SNOT-22 development after 1 year (- 12.19 points, p = 0.03). The course of total serum IgE showed moderate correlation with almost all clinical variables obtained. Therapy was well tolerated with only mild and transient adverse events. CONCLUSION Dupilumab has considerably reduced symptoms and disease severity even beyond 1 year of treatment, supporting its role as targeted and effective treatment option for CRSwNP. Our data shows that total serum IgE is a promising biomarker for the monitoring during the treatment with Dupilumab. Elevated pre-therapeutic serum eosinophil counts may be a predictor of good subjective response to therapy. Larger cohorts and a long-term-follow-up over years are needed to further consolidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Ole Sarnoch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Amra Pepić
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmitz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Becker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Betz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Sophie Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Carvalho N, Barreira AL, Henriques S, Ferreira M, Cardoso C, Luz C, Costa PM. Compilation of Evidence Supporting the Role of a T Helper 2 Reaction in the Pathogenesis of Acute Appendicitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4216. [PMID: 38673802 PMCID: PMC11050072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being the most common abdominal surgical emergency, the cause of acute appendicitis (AA) remains unclear, since in recent decades little progress has been made regarding its etiology. Obstruction of the appendicular lumen has been traditionally presented as the initial event of AA; however, this is often the exception rather than the rule, as experimental data suggest that obstruction is not an important causal factor in AA, despite possibly occurring as a consequence of the inflammatory process. Type I hypersensitivity reaction has been extensively studied, involving Th2 lymphocytes, and cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, which have well-defined functions, such as a positive-feedback effect on Th0 for differentiating into Th2 cells, recruitment of eosinophils and the release of eosinophilic proteins and the production of IgE with the activation of mast cells, with the release of proteins from their granules. Cytotoxic activity and tissue damage will be responsible for the clinical manifestation of the allergy. AA histological features are similar to those found in allergic reactions like asthma. The intestine has all the components for an allergic immune response. It has contact with hundreds of antigens daily, most of them harmless, but some can potentially induce an allergic response. In recent years, researchers have been trying to assess if allergy is a component of AA, with their latest advances in the understanding of AA as a Th2 reaction shown by the authors of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Carvalho
- Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal; (A.L.B.); (S.H.); (M.F.); (C.L.); (P.M.C.)
- Faculdade Medicina, Universidade Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Barreira
- Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal; (A.L.B.); (S.H.); (M.F.); (C.L.); (P.M.C.)
| | - Susana Henriques
- Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal; (A.L.B.); (S.H.); (M.F.); (C.L.); (P.M.C.)
| | - Margarida Ferreira
- Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal; (A.L.B.); (S.H.); (M.F.); (C.L.); (P.M.C.)
- Faculdade Medicina, Universidade Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, 1495-068 Algés, Portugal;
| | - Carlos Luz
- Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal; (A.L.B.); (S.H.); (M.F.); (C.L.); (P.M.C.)
- Faculdade Medicina, Universidade Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matos Costa
- Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal; (A.L.B.); (S.H.); (M.F.); (C.L.); (P.M.C.)
- Faculdade Medicina, Universidade Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Almas S, Fayad N, Srivastava O, Siddique M, Das S, Touret N, Sun X, Lacy P. Immunofluorescence analysis of human eosinophils. J Immunol Methods 2024; 526:113619. [PMID: 38272178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A prominent inflammatory cell type in allergic diseases is the eosinophil, a granulated white blood cell that releases pro-inflammatory cytokines. Eosinophil-derived cytokines, including interleukin-9 (IL-9) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), can skew the immune response towards an allergic phenotype. Unfortunately, it is challenging to immunolabel and collect quantifiable images of eosinophils given their innate autofluorescence and ability to nonspecifically bind to antibodies. Hence, it is important to optimize permeabilization, blocking, and imaging conditions for eosinophils. Here, we show enhanced protocols to ensure that measured immunofluorescence represents specific immunolabelling. To test this, eosinophils were purified from human blood, adhered to glass coverslips, stimulated with or without platelet-activating factor (PAF), fixed with paraformaldehyde, and then permeabilized with Triton X-100 or saponin. Cells were then blocked with goat serum or human serum and incubated with antibodies labelling cytokines (IL-9 and IL-13) and secretory organelles (CD63 for crystalloid granules and transferrin receptor [TfnRc] for recycling endosomes). Carefully selected isotype controls were used throughout, and cells were imaged using Deltavision super-resolution microscopy. Intensities of fluorescent probes were quantified using Volocity software. Our findings show that permeabilization with saponin, blockage with human serum, and using concentrations of antibodies up to 10 μg/ml allowed us to detect marked differences in fluorescence intensities between isotypes and test antibodies. With the achievement of sufficient qualitative and quantitative measures of increased test probe intensity compared to respective isotypes, these results indicate that our protocol allows for optimal immunolabelling of eosinophils. Using this protocol, future studies may provide further insights into trafficking mechanisms within this important inflammatory cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Almas
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Nawell Fayad
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ojas Srivastava
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mujtaba Siddique
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sharanya Das
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicolas Touret
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paige Lacy
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC) Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Huang Z, Li X, Li Y, Huang W, Lai X, Wu H, Chen X, Zhang Y, Chang L, Zhang G. Interleukin-19 enhances eosinophil infiltration through upregulation of epithelium-derived RANTES expression via the ERK/NF-κB signalling pathway in patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01851-2. [PMID: 38393344 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD The recurrence rate of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is positively correlated with eosinophil infiltration. Increased interleukin (IL)-19 and eosinophil chemokine RANTES levels have been reported in patients with CRSwNP. This study aimed to clarify the role of IL-19 in mediating RANTES expression and eosinophilic infiltration in eosinophilic CRSwNP (Eos CRSwNP). METHODS Nasal tissue samples were obtained from patients with CRSwNP and controls. The expression of IL-19, its receptors, ECP, and RANTES in tissues was investigated. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) and nasal polyp tissue blocks were cultured, then stimulated by IL-19; ERK phosphorylation, NF-κB pathway activation, RANTES level, eosinophils migration and infiltration were detected using RT-qPCR, ELISA, western blotting, HE, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy, and transwell migration assay. RESULTS The expression of IL-19 and its receptors (IL-20R1/IL-20R2), eosinophil cationic protein, and RANTES in nasal tissues from patients with Eos CRSwNP was significantly increased compared to that in non-Eos CRSwNP and control subjects. IL-19 co-localized with RANTES in nasal tissues and significantly elevated RANTES expression in HNECs. IL-19-blocking antibody and siRNA knockdown of IL-20R1 ameliorated the effect of IL-19 on RANTES secretion in HNECs. Moreover, IL-19-induced RANTES upregulation was associated with the activation of the ERK and NF-κB pathways. NF-κB activation was mediated by the ERK pathway in IL-19-treated HNECs, and IL-19 enhanced eosinophil infiltration in nasal polyp tissue blocks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that IL-19 promotes RANTES expression via the ERK/NF-κB pathway in HNECs and is implicated in eosinophil infiltration in patients with Eos CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yana Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Gehua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhang H, Vandesompele J, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Remaut K. Nucleic acid degradation as barrier to gene delivery: a guide to understand and overcome nuclease activity. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:317-360. [PMID: 38073448 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00194f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is on its way to revolutionize the treatment of both inherited and acquired diseases, by transferring nucleic acids to correct a disease-causing gene in the target cells of patients. In the fight against infectious diseases, mRNA-based therapeutics have proven to be a viable strategy in the recent Covid-19 pandemic. Although a growing number of gene therapies have been approved, the success rate is limited when compared to the large number of preclinical and clinical trials that have been/are being performed. In this review, we highlight some of the hurdles which gene therapies encounter after administration into the human body, with a focus on nucleic acid degradation by nucleases that are extremely abundant in mammalian organs, biological fluids as well as in subcellular compartments. We overview the available strategies to reduce the biodegradation of gene therapeutics after administration, including chemical modifications of the nucleic acids, encapsulation into vectors and co-administration with nuclease inhibitors and discuss which strategies are applied for clinically approved nucleic acid therapeutics. In the final part, we discuss the currently available methods and techniques to qualify and quantify the integrity of nucleic acids, with their own strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyang Zhang
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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Meng Z, Zhang S, Li W, Wang Y, Wang M, Liu X, Liu CL, Liao S, Liu T, Yang C, Lindholt JS, Rasmussen LM, Obel LM, Stubbe J, Diederichsen AC, Sun Y, Chen Y, Yu PB, Libby P, Shi GP, Guo J. Cationic proteins from eosinophils bind bone morphogenetic protein receptors promoting vascular calcification and atherogenesis. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:2763-2783. [PMID: 37279475 PMCID: PMC10393071 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Blood eosinophil count and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration are risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. This study tested whether and how eosinophils and ECP contribute to vascular calcification and atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunostaining revealed eosinophil accumulation in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. Eosinophil deficiency in ΔdblGATA mice slowed atherogenesis with increased lesion smooth muscle cell (SMC) content and reduced calcification. This protection in ΔdblGATA mice was muted when mice received donor eosinophils from wild-type (WT), Il4-/-, and Il13-/- mice or mouse eosinophil-associated-ribonuclease-1 (mEar1), a murine homologue of ECP. Eosinophils or mEar1 but not interleukin (IL) 4 or IL13 increased the calcification of SMC from WT mice but not those from Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) knockout mice. Immunoblot analyses showed that eosinophils and mEar1 activated Smad-1/5/8 but did not affect Smad-2/3 activation or expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPR-1A/1B/2) or transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptors (TGFBR1/2) in SMC from WT and Runx2 knockout mice. Immunoprecipitation showed that mEar1 formed immune complexes with BMPR-1A/1B but not TGFBR1/2. Immunofluorescence double-staining, ligand binding, and Scatchard plot analysis demonstrated that mEar1 bound to BMPR-1A and BMPR-1B with similar affinity. Likewise, human ECP and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) also bound to BMPR-1A/1B on human vascular SMC and promoted SMC osteogenic differentiation. In a cohort of 5864 men from the Danish Cardiovascular Screening trial and its subpopulation of 394 participants, blood eosinophil counts and ECP levels correlated with the calcification scores of different arterial segments from coronary arteries to iliac arteries. CONCLUSION Eosinophils release cationic proteins that can promote SMC calcification and atherogenesis using the BMPR-1A/1B-Smad-1/5/8-Runx2 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Meng
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cong-Lin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sha Liao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chongzhe Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jes S Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Elite Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease, University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars M Rasmussen
- Elite Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease, University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lasse M Obel
- Elite Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease, University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jane Stubbe
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel C Diederichsen
- Elite Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease, University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Research Department, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Research Department, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Paul B Yu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junli Guo
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
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8
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Carvalho N, Carolino E, Coelho H, Barreira AL, Moreira L, André M, Henriques S, Cardoso C, Moita L, Costa PM. Eosinophil Granule Proteins Involvement in Acute Appendicitis-An Allergic Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109091. [PMID: 37240441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several pieces of evidence point to an allergic component as a trigger of acute appendicitis. As the Th2 immune response is characterized by eosinophil mobilization to the target organ and release of their cationic granule proteins, it is reasonable to investigate if the degranulation of eosinophils could be associated with the local injury. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the participation of eosinophils granules proteins in acute appendicitis, both at local and systemic levels and the secondary aim is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of eosinophils granules proteins for the detection of acute appendicitis, as well as for distinguishing between complicated and uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil peroxidase (EP) are the most well-known eosinophil granule proteins. From August 2021 to April 2022, we present a prospective single-center study to evaluate the EDN, ECP, and EP concentrations simultaneously in appendicular lavage fluid (ALF) and the serum of 22 patients with acute phlegmonous appendicitis (APA), 24 with acute gangrenous appendicitis (AGA), and 14 normal controls. Concerning EDN, no differences were found between groups. ECP concentrations in ALF and serum were significantly higher in the histologically confirmed acute appendicitis compared to the control groups (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). In ALF, no differences were found between ECP levels in APA: 38.85 ng/mL (IQR 26.50-51.77) and AGA 51.55 ng/mL (IQR 39.55-70.09) groups (p = 0.176). In the serum, no difference was found between ECP levels at APA: 39 ng/mL (IQR 21.30-56.90) and AGA: 51.30 ng/mL (IQR 20.25-62.59) (p = 0.100). For EP, the concentrations in ALF (p < 0.001) and serum (p < 0.001) were both higher in acute appendicitis compared to the control. In ALF, no difference was found between APA: 240.28 ng/mL (IQR 191.2-341.3) and AGA: 302.5 (IQR 227.7-535.85) (p = 0.236). In the serum, no differences were found between APA: 158.4 ng/mL (IQR 111.09-222.1) and AGA: 235.27 (IQR 192.33-262.51) (p = 0.179). Globally, the ALF concentrations were higher than serum concentrations, reflecting an intense inflammatory local reaction in AA. The optimal ECP cut-off for discriminating between acute appendicitis and the controls was >11.41 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 93.5%, but with a specificity for identifying appendicitis of 21.4%, good discriminative power (AUC = 0.880). For EP, the optimal cut-off was >93.20 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 87%, but with a specificity of 14.3% (AUC = 0.901), excellent discriminative power. For the diagnosis of perforated AA, the discriminative power of ECP and EP serum concentrations are weak (AUC = 0.562 and AUC = 0.664, respectively). Concerning the presence of peritonitis, the discriminative power of ECP and EP serum concentrations is acceptable, respectively: AUC = 0.724 and AUC = 0.735. Serum levels of EDN (p = 0.119), ECP (p = 0.586) and EP (p = 0.08) in complicated appendicitis were similar to uncomplicated appendicitis. Serum concentrations of ECP and EP can be added to decision-making AA diagnosis. A Th2-type immune response is present in AA. These data bring forward the role of an allergic reaction in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Carvalho
- Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal
- Faculdade Medicina, Universidade Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1549-020 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélder Coelho
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Barreira
- Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal
| | - Luísa Moreira
- Serviço de Urologia, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal
| | - Margarida André
- Serviço de Urologia, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal
| | - Susana Henriques
- Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Dr. Joaquim Chaves Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, 1495-068 Alges, Portugal
| | - Luis Moita
- Innate Immunity and Inflammation Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência Oeiras, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade Medicina, Universidade Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matos Costa
- Serviço Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal
- Faculdade Medicina, Universidade Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Musiał N, Bogucka A, Tretiakow D, Skorek A, Ryl J, Czaplewska P. Proteomic analysis of sialoliths from calcified, lipid and mixed groups as a source of potential biomarkers of deposit formation in the salivary glands. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:11. [PMID: 36949424 PMCID: PMC10035263 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary stones, also known as sialoliths, are formed in a pathological situation in the salivary glands. So far, neither the mechanism of their formation nor the factors predisposing to their formation are known despite several hypotheses. While they do not directly threaten human life, they significantly deteriorate the patient's quality of life. Although this is not a typical research material, attempts are made to apply various analytical tools to characterise sialoliths and search for the biomarkers in their proteomes. In this work, we used mass spectrometry and SWATH-MS qualitative and quantitative analysis to investigate the composition and select proteins that may contribute to solid deposits in the salivary glands. Twenty sialoliths, previously characterized spectroscopically and divided into the following groups: calcified (CAL), lipid (LIP) and mixed (MIX), were used for the study. Proteins unique for each of the groups were found, including: for the CAL group among them, e.g. proteins from the S100 group (S100 A8/A12 and P), mucin 7 (MUC7), keratins (KRT1/2/4/5/13), elastase (ELANE) or stomatin (STOM); proteins for the LIP group-transthyretin (TTR), lactotransferrin (LTF), matrix Gla protein (MPG), submandibular gland androgen-regulated protein 3 (SMR3A); mixed stones had the fewest unique proteins. Bacterial proteins present in sialoliths have also been identified. The analysis of the results indicates the possible role of bacterial infections, disturbances in calcium metabolism and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the formation of sialoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Musiał
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG&MUG, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Bogucka
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG&MUG, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Tretiakow
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skorek
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Division of Electrochemistry and Surface Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Czaplewska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG&MUG, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland.
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10
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Description of allergic phenotype in patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis: management protocol proposal. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2226. [PMID: 36755125 PMCID: PMC9906574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a profile of patient with eosinophilic oesophagitis and atopic background, marked by the existence of IgE-mediated sensitizations. Our aim is to report the observed sensitivities to environmental and food allergens and panallergens in patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis with atopic background as well as characterizing other markers or analytical parameters. We suspect that the prevalence of sensitization to panallergens will be high and this will probably be relevant in terms of the onset and clinical course of the disease. We collated clinical and analytical data from 160 adult patients with a reported diagnosis of eosinophilic oesophagitis. These patients were studied between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2020. During an initial visit skin tests were performed with full batteries of routine aero-allergens and foodstuffs. Patients were subsequently referred for blood test and determination of specific IgE, blood count and total IgE (in all cases), as well as eosinophilic cation protein and IMMUNOISAC in the centres in which this was available. We were able to detect a broad spectrum of sensitizations to environmental, foodstuffs and panallergens. The most common allergic disease was rhinoconjuntivitis. The sensitizations observed to foodstuffs were atypical for the adult population and were not responsible for manifestations compatible with immediate allergy. An important percentage of patients presented seasonal worsening of choking symptoms. We should be able to identify patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis and atopic background. Identifying this phenomenon would enable giving dietary and environmental recommendations as well as more specific and effective treatments to our patients.
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Zhang L, Chen Z, Wang L, Luo X. Bullous pemphigoid: The role of type 2 inflammation in its pathogenesis and the prospect of targeted therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1115083. [PMID: 36875098 PMCID: PMC9978795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1115083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune disease that mainly occurs in the elderly, severely affecting their health and life quality. Traditional therapy for BP is mainly based on the systemic use of corticosteroids, but long-term use of corticosteroids results in a series of side effects. Type 2 inflammation is an immune response largely mediated by group 2 innate lymphoid cells, type 2 T helper cells, eosinophils, and inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Among patients with BP, the levels of immunoglobulin E and eosinophils are significantly increased in the peripheral blood and skin lesions, suggesting that the pathogenesis is tightly related to type 2 inflammation. To date, various targeted drugs have been developed to treat type 2 inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the general process of type 2 inflammation, its role in the pathogenesis of BP and potential therapeutic targets and medications related to type 2 inflammation. The content of this review may contribute to the development of more effective drugs with fewer side effects for the treatment of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhang
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihua Chen
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanting Wang
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqun Luo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Vega-Rioja A, Chacón P, Fernández-Delgado L, Doukkali B, del Valle Rodríguez A, Perkins JR, Ranea JAG, Dominguez-Cereijo L, Pérez-Machuca BM, Palacios R, Rodríguez D, Monteseirín J, Ribas-Pérez D. Regulation and directed inhibition of ECP production by human neutrophils. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015529. [PMID: 36518751 PMCID: PMC9744134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophils are involved in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, where the Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP) is a critical inflammatory mediator. Although ECP production is attributed to eosinophils, we reported that ECP is also present in neutrophils from allergic patients where, in contrast to eosinophils, it is produced in an IgE-dependent manner. Given the key role of ECP in asthma, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in ECP production as well as the effects induced by agonists and widely used clinical approaches. We also analyzed the correlation between ECP production and lung function. Methods Neutrophils from allergic asthmatic patients were challenged with allergens, alone or in combination with cytokines, in the presence of cell-signaling inhibitors and clinical drugs. We analyzed ECP levels by ELISA and confocal microscopy. Lung function was assessed by spirometry. Results IgE-mediated ECP release is dependent on phosphoinositide 3-kinase, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and the production of reactive oxygen species by NADPH-oxidase. Calcineurin phosphatase and the transcription factor NFAT are also involved. ECP release is enhanced by the cytokines interleukin (IL)-5 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and inhibited by interferon-γ, IL-10, clinical drugs (formoterol, tiotropium and budesonide) and allergen-specific IT. We also found an inverse correlation between asthma severity and ECP levels. Conclusions Our results suggest the molecular pathways involved in ECP production and potential therapeutic targets. We also provide a new method to evaluate disease severity in asthmatic patients based on the quantification of in vitro ECP production by peripheral neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vega-Rioja
- UGC de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain,Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,*Correspondence: Antonio Vega-Rioja, ; Pedro Chacón, ; Javier Monteseirín,
| | - Pedro Chacón
- UGC de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain,Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,*Correspondence: Antonio Vega-Rioja, ; Pedro Chacón, ; Javier Monteseirín,
| | | | - Bouchra Doukkali
- UGC de Alergología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - James R. Perkins
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan A. G. Ranea
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier Monteseirín
- Hospital Quirón Sagrado Corazón and Hospital Quirón Infanta-Luisa, Sevilla, Spain,*Correspondence: Antonio Vega-Rioja, ; Pedro Chacón, ; Javier Monteseirín,
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13
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Chen IL, Chung HW, Hsieh HM, Chen SC, Chen HC, Lin YC, Hung CH. The prenatal and postnatal effects of air pollution on asthma in children with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2724-2734. [PMID: 35927981 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Air pollution is strongly associated with asthma, but has not been determined to induce new-onset asthma development in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). WORKING HYPOTHESIS To assess whether prenatal/postnatal exposure to air pollutants triggers new-onset asthma development in children with AD. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PATIENT-SUBJECT SELECTION Data of patients <age 18 years diagnosed with eczema or AD between 2009 and 2019 were extracted from the multicenter Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Research Database. Patients diagnosed with new-onset asthma were in the asthma group and patients without asthma history were in the non-asthma group. METHODOLOGY The monthly average concentration of air pollutants for 1, 3, and 5 years before the index date, and 3, 6, and 9 months prenatally were analyzed and further stratified by age, immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and the percentage of eosinophil and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). RESULTS Postnatal exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM2.5 , PM10 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), ozone (O3 ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitric dioxide (NO2 ), and NOx , and prenatal exposure to PM2.5 , PM10 , SO2 , NO, and NOx were significantly higher in the asthma group than in the non-asthma group. Patients having IgE above 100 IU/ml and ECP less than 24 ng/ml were significantly influenced by postnatal exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 , especially CO, to develop asthma, and those having an eosinophil count >3% were significantly influenced by prenatal exposure to PM2.5 , especially SO2 , NO, and NO2 . CONCLUSIONS Prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution have an association with asthma development in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Community Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Ruiying W, Zhaoyun, Jianying X. Clinical features and three-year prognosis of AECOPD patients with different levels of blood eosinophils. Heart Lung 2022; 56:29-39. [PMID: 35687923 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils are thought to be associated with the frequency and severity of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD); however, the role of eosinophilic inflammation in AECOPD is still incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between different levels of blood eosinophils and clinical features, including comorbidities, therapy, and prognosis, and to further explore the optimal eosinophilic cutoff. METHODS We retrospectively collected and analyzed medical data, laboratory findings, chest CT images, treatment, and three-year follow-up data from 984 AECOPD patients with different blood eosinophil (EOS) levels: EOS%<2%, ≥2%; EOS%<3%, ≥3%; eosinophil counts<100 cells/L, ≥100 cells/L. RESULTS The prevalence of eosinophilia was 36.48% of EOS≥2% (359 cases), 22.87% of EOS≥3% (225 cases), and 48.48% with eosinophil counts≥100 cells/µl (477 cases). EOS was associated with comorbidities, including pulmonary heart disease, arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation), laboratory testing and clinical treatment, including respiratory failure, airway limitation, infectious inflammation, rate of antibiotic use, systemic glucocorticoids, and three mortality rates. The ROC curve showed that the indicators of AUC≥0.5 included chest CT imaging (emphysema 1.8% or ≥100/µl, bronchitis, 1.7% or ≥100/µl), osteoporosis (2.4% or ≥140/µl), mental illness 6.1% (or ≥400/µl), dust exposure (2.2% or ≥240/µl) and ex-smoker (1.3% or ≥100/µl). CONCLUSIONS The relatively higher EOS group (≥2% or ≥100/µl) was associated with fewer complications, mild airflow limitation, a tendency of noninfectious inflammation, and lower 3-year mortality. Eosinophils can not only guide clinical treatment but also be an indicator of predicting clinical outcome and prognosis in AECOPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ruiying
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China.
| | - Zhaoyun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Xu Jianying
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
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15
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Tao Z, Zhu H, Zhang J, Huang Z, Xiang Z, Hong T. Recent advances of eosinophils and its correlated diseases. Front Public Health 2022; 10:954721. [PMID: 35958837 PMCID: PMC9357997 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.954721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are differentiated by bone marrow multipotent progenitor cells and are further released into peripheral blood after maturation. Human eosinophils can exhibit unique multi-leaf nuclear morphology, which are filled with cytoplasmic granules that contain cytotoxicity and immune regulatory proteins. In recent years, many studies focused on the origin, differentiation and development process of eosinophils. It has been discovered that the eosinophils have the regulatory functions of innate and adaptive immunity, and can also function in several diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, malignant tumors and so on. Hence, the role and effects of eosinophils in various diseases are emphasized. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the development and differentiation process of eosinophils, the research progress of their related cytokines, diseases and current clinical treatment options, and discussed the potential drug target, aiming to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of eosinophil-related diseases, especially respiratory diseases. To conclude, the guiding significance of future disease treatment is proposed based on the recent updated understandings into the cell functions of eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Tao
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Yancheng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
- School of Medicine, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, Southeast University, Yancheng, China
| | - Jiateng Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Huang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ze Xiang
| | - Tu Hong
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tu Hong
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Relationship between Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, Eosinophil Cationic Protein, Cytokines, and Atopic Sensitization in Patients with Allergic Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6564706. [PMID: 35707392 PMCID: PMC9192203 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6564706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) on eosinophil activation, atopic sensitization, and systemic inflammation in allergic diseases has rarely been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NGAL, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), cytokines, and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in allergic diseases. A total of 136 patients with allergies and 58 healthy individuals were evaluated. The concentrations of NGAL, ECP, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-5 (IL-5), sIgE, total IgE (tIgE), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured. The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) level was measured as a profibrotic marker of bronchial asthma. Allergic patients had significantly higher NGAL, ECP, and hsCRP levels than healthy individuals. However, there was no significant difference in NGAL levels between patients with positive and negative ECP tests and those with high and low sIgE scores. Asthmatic patients with elevated NGAL exhibited a significantly higher TGF-β1 level than those without elevated NGAL. However, no significant difference was observed in the ECP, IL-5, and sIgE levels between the two groups. Among the patients with a positive ECP test, subjects with elevated hsCRP had two times higher NGAL levels than those without elevated hsCRP. NGAL was positively correlated with TNF-α, TGF-β1, and hsCRP, but not with ECP, IL-5, tIgE, and sIgE. An elevated NGAL level led to a 1.3-fold increase in the prevalence of high TGF-β1 (odds ratio: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04–2.58; P < 0.001). In conclusion, NGAL elevation may be more closely linked to allergic inflammation and a possible fibrotic change in the airways than to the severity of eosinophil activation and atopic sensitization.
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Sakyi SA, Amoani B, Opoku S, Dzata L, Aniagyei W, Senu E, Dankwa K, Wilson MD. Assessing the role of eosinophil-mediated immune response markers in detecting hookworm infection: A case-control study in Kintampo, Ghana. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e674. [PMID: 35662977 PMCID: PMC9165202 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Human hookworm disease caused by Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus is a serious public health problem. Hookworm infection activates eosinophil‐mediated tissue inflammatory responses, involving the production of the eosinophil‐specific chemokine (eotaxin), recruitment of eosinophils, secretion of the cationic protein, and production of antiparasite immunoglobulin E (IgE). We investigated eosinophil‐mediated immune response as markers (CCL11, eosinophil cationic protein [ECP], and IgE) for detecting hookworm infection. Methods This case‐control study was carried out in hookworm endemic areas within the Kintampo North Municipality.Forty hookworm‐positive subjects and 36 apparently healthy individuals were recruited as cases and controls, respectively. Stool samples were collected for hookworm detection by the Kato–Katz technique and speciation by polymerase chain reaction. Approximately, 5 ml of intravenous blood was used to obtain plasma for the immunological assays. Results Of eosinophil‐mediated immune response markers studied, ECP and CCL11 were significantly higher among hookworm patients compared to controls. Increasing CCL11 (β = −0.81, p = 0.015) was associated with a significant decrease hookworm intensity. However, increasing eosinophil count (β = 0.62, p = 0.027) was associated with significant increase in hookworm intensity. In receiver operator characteristics analysis, ECP could significantly detect hookworm infection with a very high area under the curve (AUC) (AUC = 0.97, p < 0.0001). At a cutoff of 39.05, ECP was the best eosinophil‐mediated immune response marker for detecting hookworm infection with a sensitivity of 97.2%, specificity of 87.8%, a positive predictive value of 89.7%, and a negative predictive value of 96.6%. Conclusion ECP best predicts eosinophil‐mediated immune response for detecting hookworm infection, while CCL11 and eosinophil count better predict the intensity of hookworm. Moreover, the ECP level is a good indicator of hookworm infection and intensity and may require additional investigations to augment current hookworm diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Benjamin Amoani
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Lawrence Dzata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Wilfred Aniagyei
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Senu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Kwabena Dankwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana
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18
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Asthma and Allergy: Unravelling a Tangled Relationship with a Focus on New Biomarkers and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073881. [PMID: 35409241 PMCID: PMC8999577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a major driver of health care costs across ages. Despite widely disseminated asthma-treatment guidelines and a growing variety of effective therapeutic options, most patients still experience symptoms and/or refractoriness to standard of care treatments. As a result, most patients undergo a further intensification of therapy to optimize symptom control with a subsequent increased risk of side effects. Raising awareness about the relevance of evaluating aeroallergen sensitizations in asthmatic patients is a key step in better informing clinical practice while new molecular tools, such as the component resolved diagnosis, may be of help in refining the relationship between sensitization and therapeutic recommendations. In addition, patient care should benefit from reliable, easy-to-measure and clinically accessible biomarkers that are able to predict outcome and disease monitoring. To attain a personalized asthma management and to guide adequate treatment decisions, it is of paramount importance to expand clinicians' knowledge about the tangled relationship between asthma and allergy from a molecular perspective. Our review explores the relevance of allergen testing along the asthma patient's journey, with a special focus on recurrent wheezing children. Here, we also discuss the unresolved issues regarding currently available biomarkers and summarize the evidence supporting the eosinophil-derived neurotoxin as promising biomarker.
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19
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Paciência I, Rocha AR, Farraia M, Sokhatska O, Delgado L, Couto M, Moreira A. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) correlates with eosinophil cell counts in the induced sputum of elite swimmers. Porto Biomed J 2022; 7:e155. [PMID: 38304156 PMCID: PMC10830069 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Swimming practice has been associated with eosinophilic inflammation, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in induced sputum may be used as a potential biomarker to assess airway eosinophilic inflammation among elite swimmers. The objective of this study is to characterize ECP levels in sputum supernatant in elite swimmers and evaluate ECP as an eosinophilic inflammatory marker. Material and methods Elite swimmers annually screened in our department (n = 27) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Swimmers who agreed to participate (n = 24, 46% girls) performed lung function and skin-prick tests. Induced sputum was also collected and analyzed for differential cell counts and ECP measurements in sputum supernatant (ImmunoCAPTM 100, ECP, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden). Results The median ECP level was 15.60 μg/L (6.02-38.75 μg/L) and higher levels were found among boys (27.90 (11.20-46.30) μg/L vs 6.65 (2.82-22.80) μg/L, P = .02). In addition, ECP levels in the sputum supernatant were positively correlated with eosinophil cell counts in the induced sputum (r = 0.583, P = .08). Conclusions ECP levels correlated positively with eosinophil counts in the induced sputum in elite swimmers. The measurement of ECP in sputum supernatant may be a useful marker to assess and manage eosinophilic inflammatory changes in the airways of elite swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de SaUde Pùblica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Rocha
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Farraia
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de SaUde Pùblica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oksana Sokhatska
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Couto
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andre Moreira
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de SaUde Pùblica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentaçrão da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Barros B, Oliveira M, Morais S. Firefighters' occupational exposure: Contribution from biomarkers of effect to assess health risks. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106704. [PMID: 34161906 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Firefighting is physically and physiologically exhausting besides encompassing exposure to toxic fire emissions. Biomonitoring studies from the past five years have been significantly contributing to characterize the occupational-related health effects in this group of professionals and to improve risk assessment. Therefore, this study gathers and critically discusses the most characterized biomarkers of effect (oxidative stress, DNA and protein damage, stress hormones, inflammation, and vascular, lung, and liver injury), including those potentially more promising to be explored in future studies, and their relation with health outcomes. Various studies proved an association between exposures to fire emissions and/or heat and significantly altered values of biomarkers of inflammation (soluble adhesion molecules, tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, and leucocyte count), vascular damage and tissue injury (pentraxin-3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and cardiac troponin T) in firefighting forces. Moreover, preliminary data of DNA damage in blood, urinary mutagenicity and 8-isoprostaglandin in exhaled breath condensate suggest that these biomarkers of oxidative stress should be further explored. However, most of the reported studies are based on cross-sectional designs, which limit full identification and characterization of the risk factors and their association with development of work-related diseases. Broader studies based on longitudinal designs and strongly supported by the analysis of several types of biomarkers in different biological fluids are further required to gain deeper insights into the firefighters occupational related health hazards and contribute to implementation of new or improved surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Barros
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto
| | - Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto.
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21
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Jacobs I, Ceulemans M, Wauters L, Breynaert C, Vermeire S, Verstockt B, Vanuytsel T. Role of Eosinophils in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overlooked Villain? Front Immunol 2021; 12:754413. [PMID: 34737752 PMCID: PMC8560962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are leukocytes which reside in the gastrointestinal tract under homeostatic conditions, except for the esophagus which is normally devoid of eosinophils. Research on eosinophils has primarily focused on anti-helminth responses and type 2 immune disorders. In contrast, the search for a role of eosinophils in chronic intestinal inflammation and fibrosis has been limited. With a shift in research focus from adaptive to innate immunity and the fact that the eosinophilic granules are filled with inflammatory mediators, eosinophils are becoming a point of interest in inflammatory bowel diseases. In the current review we summarize eosinophil characteristics and recruitment as well as the current knowledge on presence, inflammatory and pro-fibrotic functions of eosinophils in inflammatory bowel disease and other chronic inflammatory conditions, and we identify research gaps which should be covered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Ceulemans
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Wauters
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Verstockt
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Granger V, Zerimech F, Arab J, Siroux V, de Nadai P, Tsicopoulos A, Matran R, Akiki Z, Nadif R. Blood eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin are associated with different asthma expression and evolution in adults. Thorax 2021; 77:552-562. [PMID: 34615736 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) are proteins released by activated eosinophils whose role in adult asthma remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To study associations between ECP, EDN and various asthma characteristics in adults from the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA). METHODS Plasma ECP and EDN levels were measured by ELISA. Cross-sectional analyses were performed in 941 adults (43±16 years old, 39% with asthma) at EGEA2 (2003-2007). Longitudinal analyses investigated the associations between EDN level at EGEA2 and changes in asthma characteristics between EGEA2 and EGEA3 (2011-2013, n=817). We used generalised estimated equations adjusted for age, sex, smoking status and body mass index to take into account familial dependence. RESULTS At EGEA2, both high ECP and EDN levels were associated with current asthma (adjusted OR (aOR) (95% CI): 1.69 (1.35-2.12) and 2.12 (1.76-2.57)). Among asthmatics, high EDN level was associated with asthma attacks (aOR: 1.50 (1.13-1.99)), wheezing and breathlessness (aOR: 1.38 (1.05-1.80)), use of asthma treatments (aOR: 1.91 (1.37-2.68)) and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (aOR: 2.03 (1.38-2.97)), even after further adjustment on ECP. High ECP level was associated with high neutrophil count and tended to be associated with chronic bronchitis. High EDN level at EGEA2 was associated with persistent asthma (aOR: 1.62 (1.04-2.52)), nocturnal symptoms (aOR from 2.19 to 3.57), worsening wheezing and breathlessness (aOR: 1.97 (1.36-2.85)) and nocturnal shortness of breath (aOR: 1.44 (1.04-1.98)) between EGEA2 and EGEA3. CONCLUSIONS EDN and ECP were associated with different asthma expression in adults. EDN could be a potential biomarker to monitor asthma evolution in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Granger
- Université Paris-Saclay, inserm, Inflammation microbiome immunosurveillance, Châtenay-Malabry, France .,APHP, HUPNVS, hôpital Bichat, UF autoimmunité Hypersensibilités et Biothérapies, Paris, France
| | - Farid Zerimech
- CHU de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS, F-59000, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000, Lille, France
| | - Jinan Arab
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health, Section 2, Mont Liban, Lebanon
| | - Valerie Siroux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, IAB, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pédiatrie, Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia de Nadai
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tsicopoulos
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Régis Matran
- CHU de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Université de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS, F-59000, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F59000, Lille, France
| | - Zeina Akiki
- INSPECT-LB, Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rachel Nadif
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France
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23
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Morgan DM, Ruiter B, Smith NP, Tu AA, Monian B, Stone BE, Virk-Hundal N, Yuan Q, Shreffler WG, Love JC. Clonally expanded, GPR15-expressing pathogenic effector T H2 cells are associated with eosinophilic esophagitis. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabi5586. [PMID: 34389613 PMCID: PMC8686696 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi5586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic disorder characterized by the recruitment of eosinophils to the esophagus, resulting in chronic inflammation. We sought to understand the cellular populations present in tissue biopsies of patients with EoE and to determine how these populations are altered between active disease and remission. To this end, we analyzed cells obtained from esophageal biopsies, duodenal biopsies, and peripheral blood of patients with EoE diagnosed with active disease or remission with single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Pathogenic effector TH2 (peTH2) cells present in the esophageal biopsies of patients with active disease expressed distinct gene signatures associated with the synthesis of eicosanoids. The esophageal tissue-resident peTH2 population also exhibited clonal expansion, suggesting antigen-specific activation. Peripheral CRTH2+CD161- and CRTH2+CD161+ memory CD4+ T cells were enriched for either a conventional TH2 phenotype or a peTH2 phenotype, respectively. These cells also exhibited substantial clonal expansion and convergence of TCR sequences, suggesting that they are expanded in response to a defined set of antigens. The esophagus-homing receptor GPR15 was up-regulated by peripheral peTH2 clonotypes that were also detected in the esophagus. Finally, GPR15+ peTH2 cells were enriched among milk-reactive CD4+ T cells in patients with milk-triggered disease, suggesting that these cells are an expanded, food antigen-specific population with enhanced esophagus homing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan M Morgan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bert Ruiter
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neal P Smith
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ang A Tu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Immunitas Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brinda Monian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brandon E Stone
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Qian Yuan
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne G Shreffler
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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24
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Sandín D, Valle J, Chaves-Arquero B, Prats-Ejarque G, Larrosa MN, González-López JJ, Jiménez MÁ, Boix E, Andreu D, Torrent M. Rationally Modified Antimicrobial Peptides from the N-Terminal Domain of Human RNase 3 Show Exceptional Serum Stability. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11472-11482. [PMID: 34342438 PMCID: PMC8483441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Multidrug
resistance against conventional antibiotics poses an
important threat to human health. In this context, antimicrobial peptides
(AMPs) have been extensively studied for their antibacterial activity
and promising results have been shown so far. However, AMPs tend to
be rather vulnerable to protease degradation, which offsets their
therapeutic appeal. Here, we demonstrate how replacing functional
residues in the antimicrobial region of human RNase 3—also
named eosinophil cationic protein—by non-natural amino acids
increases stability in human serum. These changes were also shown
to reduce the hemolytic effect of the peptides in general terms, whereas
the antimicrobial activity was reasonably preserved. Digestion profiles enabled us to design new peptides
with superior stability and lower toxicity that could become relevant
candidates to reach clinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sandín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Javier Valle
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Belén Chaves-Arquero
- Departamento de Química-Física Biológica, Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Guillem Prats-Ejarque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - María Nieves Larrosa
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Juan José González-López
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Jiménez
- Departamento de Química-Física Biológica, Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Marc Torrent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
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25
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Chuang HC, Chen MH, Chen YM, Ciou YR, Hsueh CH, Tsai CY, Tan TH. ECP Overexpression in T Cells and Exosomes Induces IFN-γ Production and Tissue Inflammation. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:92-104. [PMID: 34224653 PMCID: PMC9300123 DOI: 10.1002/art.41920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective T cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum‐derived exosomes are increased in SLE patients and are correlated with disease severity. This study was undertaken to investigate whether T cell–derived exosomal proteins play a role in SLE pathogenesis. Methods We characterized proteins in T cell–derived exosomes from SLE patients and healthy controls by MACSPlex exosome analysis and proteomics. To study the potential pathogenic functions of the exosomal protein identified, we generated and characterized T cell–specific transgenic mice that overexpressed that protein in T cells. Results We identified eosinophil cationic protein (ECP, also called human RNase III) as overexpressed in SLE T cell–derived exosomes. T cell–specific ECP–transgenic mice (n = 5 per group) displayed early induction of serum interferon‐γ (IFNγ) levels (P = 0.062) and inflammation of multiple tissue types. Older T cell–specific ECP–transgenic mice (n = 3 per group) also displayed an increase in follicular helper T cell and plasma B cell numbers, and in autoantibody levels (P < 0.01). Single‐cell RNA sequencing showed the induction of IFNγ messenger RNA (P = 2.2 × 10‐13) and inflammatory pathways in ECP‐transgenic mouse T cells. Notably, adoptively transferred ECP‐containing exosomes stimulated serum autoantibody levels (P < 0.01) and tissue IFNγ levels in the recipient mice (n = 3 per group). The transferred exosomes infiltrated into multiple tissues of the recipient mice, resulting in hepatitis, nephritis, and arthritis. Conclusion Our findings indicate that ECP overexpression in T cells or T cell–derived exosomes may be a biomarker and pathogenic factor for nephritis, hepatitis, and arthritis associated with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Chia Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Ciou
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Hsueh
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Fettrelet T, Gigon L, Karaulov A, Yousefi S, Simon HU. The Enigma of Eosinophil Degranulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137091. [PMID: 34209362 PMCID: PMC8268949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are specialized white blood cells, which are involved in the pathology of diverse allergic and nonallergic inflammatory diseases. Eosinophils are traditionally known as cytotoxic effector cells but have been suggested to additionally play a role in immunomodulation and maintenance of homeostasis. The exact role of these granule-containing leukocytes in health and diseases is still a matter of debate. Degranulation is one of the key effector functions of eosinophils in response to diverse stimuli. The different degranulation patterns occurring in eosinophils (piecemeal degranulation, exocytosis and cytolysis) have been extensively studied in the last few years. However, the exact mechanism of the diverse degranulation types remains unknown and is still under investigation. In this review, we focus on recent findings and highlight the diversity of stimulation and methods used to evaluate eosinophil degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Fettrelet
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lea Gigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (T.F.); (L.G.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, D-16816 Neuruppin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-632-3281
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Mok AC, Mody CH, Li SS. Immune Cell Degranulation in Fungal Host Defence. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:484. [PMID: 34208679 PMCID: PMC8234259 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have developed complex immune systems that defend against invading microbes, including fungal pathogens. Many highly specialized cells of the immune system share the ability to store antimicrobial compounds in membrane bound organelles that can be immediately deployed to eradicate or inhibit growth of invading pathogens. These membrane-bound organelles consist of secretory vesicles or granules, which move to the surface of the cell, where they fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents in the process of degranulation. Lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils all degranulate in fungal host defence. While anti-microbial secretory vesicles are shared among different immune cell types, information about each cell type has emerged independently leading to an uncoordinated and confusing classification of granules and incomplete description of the mechanism by which they are deployed. While there are important differences, there are many similarities in granule morphology, granule content, stimulus for degranulation, granule trafficking, and release of granules against fungal pathogens. In this review, we describe the similarities and differences in an attempt to translate knowledge from one immune cell to another that may facilitate further studies in the context of fungal host defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adley Ch Mok
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christopher H Mody
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shu Shun Li
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Nucera F, Lo Bello F, Shen SS, Ruggeri P, Coppolino I, Di Stefano A, Stellato C, Casolaro V, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of Atypical Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Pathways in the Pathogenesis of COPD. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2577-2653. [PMID: 32819230 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200819145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a heightened inflammatory response in the lung generally resulting from tobacco smoking-induced recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells and/or activation of lower airway structural cells. Several mediators can modulate activation and recruitment of these cells, particularly those belonging to the chemokines (conventional and atypical) family. There is emerging evidence for complex roles of atypical chemokines and their receptors (such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), antimicrobial peptides, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) or toll-like receptors (TLRs)) in the pathogenesis of COPD, both in the stable disease and during exacerbations. Modulators of these pathways represent potential novel therapies for COPD and many are now in preclinical development. Inhibition of only a single atypical chemokine or receptor may not block inflammatory processes because there is redundancy in this network. However, there are many animal studies that encourage studies for modulating the atypical chemokine network in COPD. Thus, few pharmaceutical companies maintain a significant interest in developing agents that target these molecules as potential antiinflammatory drugs. Antibody-based (biological) and small molecule drug (SMD)-based therapies targeting atypical chemokines and/or their receptors are mostly at the preclinical stage and their progression to clinical trials is eagerly awaited. These agents will most likely enhance our knowledge about the role of atypical chemokines in COPD pathophysiology and thereby improve COPD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nucera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Sj S Shen
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Division of Pneumology, Cyto- Immunopathology Laboratory of the Cardio-Respiratory System, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Phil M Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
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Folci M, Ramponi G, Arcari I, Zumbo A, Brunetta E. Eosinophils as Major Player in Type 2 Inflammation: Autoimmunity and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:197-219. [PMID: 34031864 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are a subset of differentiated granulocytes which circulate in peripheral blood and home in several body tissues. Along with their traditional relevance in helminth immunity and allergy, eosinophils have been progressively attributed important roles in a number of homeostatic and pathologic situations. This review aims at summarizing available evidence about eosinophils functions in homeostasis, infections, allergic and autoimmune disorders, and solid and hematological cancers.Their structural and biological features have been described, along with their physiological behavior. This includes their chemokines, cytokines, granular contents, and extracellular traps. Besides, pathogenic- and eosinophilic-mediated disorders have also been addressed, with the aim of highlighting their role in Th2-driven inflammation. In allergy, eosinophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. They are also fundamentally involved in autoimmune disorders such as eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In infections, eosinophils are involved in protection not only from parasites but also from fungi, viruses, and bacteria. In solid cancers, local eosinophilic infiltration is variably associated with an improved or worsened prognosis, depending on the histotype. In hematologic neoplasms, eosinophilia can be the consequence of a dysregulated cytokine production or the result of mutations affecting the myeloid lineage.Recent experimental evidence was thoroughly reviewed, with findings which elicit a complex role for eosinophils, in a tight balance between host defense and tissue damage. Eventually, emerging evidence about eosinophils in COVID-19 infection was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Folci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Ramponi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Arcari
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Zumbo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Brunetta
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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30
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Intestinal eosinophils, homeostasis and response to bacterial intrusion. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:295-306. [PMID: 33929602 PMCID: PMC8241669 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are traditionally considered as end-stage effector cells involved in the pathogenesis of Th2 immune-mediated disorders as well as in the protection against parasite infection. However, this restricted view has recently been challenged by a series of studies revealing the highly plastic nature of these cells and implication in various homeostatic processes. Large numbers of eosinophils reside in the lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract, at the front line of host defence, where they contribute to maintain the intestinal epithelial barrier function in the face of inflammation-associated epithelial cell damage. Eosinophils confer active protection against bacterial pathogens capable of penetrating the mucosal barrier through the release of cytotoxic compounds and the generation of extracellular DNA traps. Eosinophils also integrate tissue-specific cytokine signals such as IFN-γ, which synergise with bacterial recognition pathways to enforce different context-dependent functional responses, thereby ensuring a rapid adaptation to the ever-changing intestinal environment. The ability of eosinophils to regulate local immune responses and respond to microbial stimuli further supports the pivotal role of these cells in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis at the intestinal interface.
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31
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Shah SN, Grunwell JR, Mohammad AF, Stephenson ST, Lee GB, Vickery BP, Fitzpatrick AM. Performance of Eosinophil Cationic Protein as a Biomarker in Asthmatic Children. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:2761-2769.e2. [PMID: 33781764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although blood eosinophils are a frequently used marker of type 2 inflammation in children with asthma, their sensitivity is relatively poor. Additional markers of type 2 inflammation are needed. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that plasma concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a marker of eosinophil activation, would be useful for detection of type 2 inflammation and would predict poorer asthma outcomes over 1 year. METHODS Children and adolescents 6 through 17 years (N = 256) with confirmed asthma completed a baseline visit and a follow-up visit at 12 months. A subset also underwent systemic corticosteroid responsiveness testing with intramuscular triamcinolone. Outcome measures at 12 months included uncontrolled asthma, lung function, and asthma exacerbations treated with systemic corticosteroids. RESULTS Plasma ECP concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 413.61 ng/mL (median, 6.95 ng/mL) and were consistently associated with other markers of type 2 inflammation. At baseline, children in the highest ECP tertile had poorer asthma control, more airflow limitation, and more exacerbations, but also had greater symptom improvement with intramuscular triamcinolone. At 12 months, associations between the highest ECP tertile and exacerbations, but not lung function or asthma control, persisted after covariate adjustment. However, the sensitivity of ECP was modest and was not markedly different from that of blood eosinophil counts. CONCLUSION Plasma ECP concentrations may be a useful marker of type 2 inflammation in children and may help identify those children at highest risk for recurrent exacerbations who could benefit from corticosteroid treatment. However, additional markers may be needed to improve sensitivity for outcome detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel N Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Jocelyn R Grunwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | | | | | - Gerald B Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Brian P Vickery
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga; Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga.
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32
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Lu L, Wei R, Prats-Ejarque G, Goetz M, Wang G, Torrent M, Boix E. Human RNase3 immune modulation by catalytic-dependent and independent modes in a macrophage-cell line infection model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2963-2985. [PMID: 33226440 PMCID: PMC8004517 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human RNase3 is a member of the RNaseA superfamily involved in host immunity. RNase3 is expressed by leukocytes and shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Together with a direct antimicrobial action, RNase3 exhibits immunomodulatory properties. Here, we have analysed the transcriptome of macrophages exposed to the wild-type protein and a catalytic-defective mutant (RNase3-H15A). The analysis of differently expressed genes (DEGs) in treated THP1-derived macrophages highlighted a common pro-inflammatory "core-response" independent of the protein ribonucleolytic activity. Network analysis identified the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as the main central regulatory protein. Expression of selected DEGs and MAPK phosphorylation were inhibited by an anti-EGFR antibody. Structural analysis suggested that RNase3 activates the EGFR pathway by direct interaction with the receptor. Besides, we identified a subset of DEGs related to the protein ribonucleolytic activity, characteristic of virus infection response. Transcriptome analysis revealed an early pro-inflammatory response, not associated to the protein catalytic activity, followed by a late activation in a ribonucleolytic-dependent manner. Next, we demonstrated that overexpression of macrophage endogenous RNase3 protects the cells against infection by Mycobacterium aurum and the human respiratory syncytial virus. Comparison of cell infection profiles in the presence of Erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, revealed that the receptor activation is required for the antibacterial but not for the antiviral protein action. Moreover, the DEGs related and unrelated to the protein catalytic activity are associated to the immune response to bacterial and viral infection, respectively. We conclude that RNase3 modulates the macrophage defence against infection in both catalytic-dependent and independent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - RanLei Wei
- Center of Precision Medicine and Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guillem Prats-Ejarque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maria Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gang Wang
- Center of Precision Medicine and Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Marc Torrent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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The Association Between β-Dystroglycan in Airway Smooth Muscle and Eosinophils in Allergic Asthma. Inflammation 2021; 44:1060-1068. [PMID: 33566255 PMCID: PMC8139938 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma (AA) is a complex disorder with heterogeneous features of airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling. The increase of airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is a fundamental component of bronchial remodeling in AA, yet the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical outcomes associated with ASM modulation are still elusive. The objective of this study is to compare the expression level of β-dystroglycan (β-DG) in ASM in AA subjects and a healthy control group and to investigate the relationship between eosinophils and β-DG in ASM in patients with AA. Thirteen AA patients and seven control subjects were analyzed for the ASM area and eosinophil cells. Bronchial biopsies were stained by β-DG and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) using immunohistochemistry. The proportion of ASM with β-DG staining was greater in those with AA than in the healthy control group (mean (95% CI) (28.3% (23.8–32.7%) vs. 16.4% (14.1–18.5%), P < 0.0001). The number of ECP positive cells was higher in patients with AA than in the control group (4056 (3819–4296) vs. 466 (395–537) cells/mm2P < 0.0001). In AA, the number of ECP positive cells was significantly correlated to the β-DG expression in ASM (r = 0.77, P = 0.002). There is an increased β-DG expression in ASM and a higher number of ECP positive cells in the bronchial biopsy of those with AA than those in the control group. The increased expression of β-DG in ASM in AA subjects correlates with the number of eosinophils, suggesting a role for this cell in airway remodeling in AA.
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Liu C, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang C, Luo S, Liu T, Wang Y, Lindholt JS, Diederichsen A, Rasmussen LM, Dahl M, Sukhova GK, Lu G, Upchurch GR, Libby P, Guo J, Zhang J, Shi GP. Eosinophils Protect Mice From Angiotensin-II Perfusion-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Circ Res 2021; 128:188-202. [PMID: 33153394 PMCID: PMC7855167 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Blood eosinophil count and ECP (eosinophil cationic protein) associate with human cardiovascular diseases. Yet, whether eosinophils play a role in cardiovascular disease remains untested. The current study detected eosinophil accumulation in human and murine abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) lesions, suggesting eosinophil participation in this aortic disease. OBJECTIVE To test whether and how eosinophils affect AAA growth. METHODS AND RESULTS Population-based randomized clinically controlled screening trials revealed higher blood eosinophil count in 579 male patients with AAA than in 5063 non-AAA control (0.236±0.182 versus 0.211±0.154, 109/L, P<0.001). Univariate (odds ratio, 1.381, P<0.001) and multivariate (odds ratio, 1.237, P=0.031) logistic regression analyses indicated that increased blood eosinophil count in patients with AAA served as an independent risk factor of human AAA. Immunostaining and immunoblot analyses detected eosinophil accumulation and eosinophil cationic protein expression in human and murine AAA lesions. Results showed that eosinophil deficiency exacerbated AAA growth with increased lesion inflammatory cell contents, matrix-degrading protease activity, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and smooth muscle cell loss using angiotensin-II perfusion-induced AAA in Apoe-/- and eosinophil-deficient Apoe-/-ΔdblGATA mice. Eosinophil deficiency increased lesion chemokine expression, muted lesion expression of IL (interleukin) 4 and eosinophil-associated-ribonuclease-1 (mEar1 [mouse EOS-associated-ribonuclease-1], human ECP homolog), and slanted M1 macrophage polarization. In cultured macrophages and monocytes, eosinophil-derived IL4 and mEar1 polarized M2 macrophages, suppressed CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes, and increased CD11b+Ly6Clo monocytes. mEar1 treatment or adoptive transfer of eosinophil from wild-type and Il13-/- mice, but not eosinophil from Il4-/- mice, blocked AAA growth in Apoe-/-ΔdblGATA mice. Immunofluorescent staining and immunoblot analyses demonstrated a role for eosinophil IL4 and mEar1 in blocking NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) activation in macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophils play a protective role in AAA by releasing IL4 and cationic proteins such as mEar1 to regulate macrophage and monocyte polarization and to block NF-κB activation in aortic inflammatory and vascular cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Aged
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Eosinophils/transplantation
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Monocytes/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Ribonucleases/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Conglin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chongzhe Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jes S. Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Elitary Research Centre of personalised medicine in arterial disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Viborg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Axel Diederichsen
- Elitary Research Centre of personalised medicine in arterial disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars M. Rasmussen
- Elitary Research Centre of personalised medicine in arterial disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie Dahl
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Viborg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Galina K. Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guanyi Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gilbert R. Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junli Guo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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35
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Bosso A, Di Maro A, Cafaro V, Di Donato A, Notomista E, Pizzo E. Enzymes as a Reservoir of Host Defence Peptides. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1310-1323. [PMID: 32223733 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200327173815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Host defence peptides (HDPs) are powerful modulators of cellular responses to various types of insults caused by pathogen agents. To date, a wide range of HDPs, from species of different kingdoms including bacteria, plant and animal with extreme diversity in structure and biological activity, have been described. Apart from a limited number of peptides ribosomally synthesized, a large number of promising and multifunctional HDPs have been identified within protein precursors, with properties not necessarily related to innate immunity, consolidating the fascinating hypothesis that proteins have a second or even multiple biological mission in the form of one or more bio-active peptides. Among these precursors, enzymes constitute certainly an interesting group, because most of them are mainly globular and characterized by a fine specific internal structure closely related to their catalytic properties and also because they are yet little considered as potential HDP releasing proteins. In this regard, the main aim of the present review is to describe a panel of HDPs, identified in all canonical classes of enzymes, and to provide a detailed description on hydrolases and their corresponding HDPs, as there seems to exist a striking link between these structurally sophisticated catalysts and their high content in cationic and amphipathic cryptic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bosso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Antimo Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
| | - Valeria Cafaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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36
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Aoki A, Hirahara K, Kiuchi M, Nakayama T. Eosinophils: Cells known for over 140 years with broad and new functions. Allergol Int 2021; 70:3-8. [PMID: 33032901 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes, being involved in the host defense against helminth infection, tissue homeostasis and repair of injured tissue. However, eosinophils also play critical roles in shaping the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including fibrotic responses in allergic diseases. Eosinophils consist of various granules that are a source of cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, extracellular matrix and growth factors. Recent studies have revealed that eosinophil extracellular trap cell death (EETosis) exacerbates eosinophilic inflammation by releasing the products, including Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs). In type 2 inflammatory diseases, memory-type pathogenic helper T (Tpath) cells are involved in shaping the pathogenesis of eosinophilic inflammation by recruiting and activating eosinophils in vivo. We herein review the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of eosinophils and the various functions of granules, including CLCs, during eosinophilic inflammation. We also discuss the double-edged roles of eosinophils in tissue repair and type 2 immune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Aoki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; AMED-PRIME, AMED, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba, Japan
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37
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Eosinophils improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6396. [PMID: 33328477 PMCID: PMC7745020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies reveal changes in blood eosinophil counts and eosinophil cationic proteins that may serve as risk factors for human coronary heart diseases. Here we report an increase of blood or heart eosinophil counts in humans and mice after myocardial infarction (MI), mostly in the infarct region. Genetic or inducible depletion of eosinophils exacerbates cardiac dysfunction, cell death, and fibrosis post-MI, with concurrent acute increase of heart and chronic increase of splenic neutrophils and monocytes. Mechanistic studies reveal roles of eosinophil IL4 and cationic protein mEar1 in blocking H2O2- and hypoxia-induced mouse and human cardiomyocyte death, TGF-β-induced cardiac fibroblast Smad2/3 activation, and TNF-α-induced neutrophil adhesion on the heart endothelial cell monolayer. In vitro-cultured eosinophils from WT mice or recombinant mEar1 protein, but not eosinophils from IL4-deficient mice, effectively correct exacerbated cardiac dysfunctions in eosinophil-deficient ∆dblGATA mice. This study establishes a cardioprotective role of eosinophils in post-MI hearts. Blood eosinophil (EOS) counts may serve as risk factors for human coronary heart diseases. Here the authors show that increased circulating and myocardial EOS after myocardial infarction play a cardioprotective role by reducing cardiomyocyte death, cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrosis, and endothelium activation-mediated inflammatory cell accumulation.
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38
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Dogan E, Sevinc E. The vitamin D status and serum eosinophilic cationic protein levels in infants with cow's milk protein allergy. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:8208-8215. [PMID: 33437393 PMCID: PMC7791503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is a cytotoxic protein released from eosinophils. The level of ECP increases in some allergic diseases. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been suggested to be a risk factor for childhood allergic disease. The first aim of the study is to measure the serum vitamin D levels and ECP in infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) and compare them with controls. The second aim of this study is to investigate whether vitamin D levels are correlated with ECP or not. Sixty-two infants with CMPA were compared to 58 healthy, similar to distribution of age and sex normal infants as controls. The serum ECP levels were detected by an immunoassay system. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25(OH)D level of < 10 ng/mL and sufficient 30 ng/mL. The median serum ECP level in the CMPA group was significantly higher than in the control group (51.45 and 17.55 ng/mL, respectively, P = 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups with regards to median 25(OH)D levels (29.31 ± 1.67 and 27.32 ± 1.41 ng/mL, respectively, P = 0.646). The serum 25(OH)D levels were under 30 ng/mL in 38 of infants with CMPA (61.2%) and in 32 of controls (55.1%). Correlation analysis between the serum 25(OH)D level and ECP of infants with CMPA have revealed no significant relation (P = 0.888). Our results do not support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for CMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Dogan
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk UniversityKarabuk, Turkey
| | - Eylem Sevinc
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk UniversityKarabuk, Turkey
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39
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Doyle AD, Masuda MY, Kita H, Wright BL. Eosinophils in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: The Road to Fibrostenosis is Paved With Good Intentions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603295. [PMID: 33335531 PMCID: PMC7736408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an antigen-driven disease associated with epithelial barrier dysfunction and chronic type 2 inflammation. Eosinophils are the defining feature of EoE histopathology but relatively little is known about their role in disease onset and progression. Classically defined as destructive, end-stage effector cells, eosinophils (a resident leukocyte in most of the GI tract) are increasingly understood to play roles in local immunity, tissue homeostasis, remodeling, and repair. Indeed, asymptomatic esophageal eosinophilia is observed in IgE-mediated food allergy. Interestingly, EoE is a potential complication of oral immunotherapy (OIT) for food allergy. However, we recently found that patients with peanut allergy may have asymptomatic esophageal eosinophilia at baseline and that peanut OIT induces transient esophageal eosinophilia in most subjects. This is seemingly at odds with multiple studies which have shown that EoE disease severity correlates with tissue eosinophilia. Herein, we review the potential role of eosinophils in EoE at different stages of disease pathogenesis. Based on current literature we suggest the following: (1) eosinophils are recruited to the esophagus as a homeostatic response to epithelial barrier disruption; (2) eosinophils mediate barrier-protective activities including local antibody production, mucus production and epithelial turnover; and (3) when type 2 inflammation persists, eosinophils promote fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred D Doyle
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Mia Y Masuda
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Benjamin L Wright
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States.,Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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40
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Wu WY, Zhou XJ, Sun PP, Yu XJ, Wang SX, Qu L, Zhang F, Ma YY, Lv JC, Liu G, Yang L. Interstitial eosinophilic infiltration in diabetic nephropathy is indicative of poor prognosis, with no therapy benefit from steroid. J Diabetes 2020; 12:881-894. [PMID: 32506614 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggested that eosinophils in diabetes might be associated with severity of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In a retrospective study of 102 Chinese patients with biopsy-proven DN, we aimed to evaluate relationships of both blood and renal eosinophils (Eos) to the severity of DN and check whether Eos can serve as an indicator of prognosis as well as the therapeutic effect of steroids. METHODS One hundred and two patients diagnosed with DN were enrolled. Demographical and clinical data and histopathological scores were associated. Interstitial eosinophilic aggregates (IEA) were defined as the presence of ≥10 Eos in at least one high-power field. End-stage renal disease was defined as the end point. RESULTS We observed that log2 (blood eosinophil counts) correlated with neutrophil counts, proteinuria, and tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. IEA was observed in 33.3% of the DN patients and was associated with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher proteinuria, hematuria, higher HbA1c, increased blood eosinophil counts, tubular injury, tubulointerstitial chronicity, and interstitial inflammation. IEA was associated with worse renal prognosis (hazard ratio [HR] 2.424, P = 0.008). Consistently, urine eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) (ng/mgCr) was associated with renal injury and poor renal prognosis (HR 1.173, P = 0.020). Patients with IEA were more likely to be treated with steroid/immunosuppressants (47.1% vs 14.7%, P = 0.001) but did not show renal benefit. CONCLUSIONS It suggested that both blood and renal infiltrated eosinophils were prevalent in DN and associated with severity of DN. IEA in renal pathology showed better fit in correlation with renal prognosis. Treatment with steroid/immunosuppressants showed no significant improvement regarding renal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Wu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping-Ping Sun
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Xia Wang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Ultrastructural Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Qu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Yi Ma
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Lv
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Renal Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Karin J, Tim D, Gabriele H, Cardell LO, Marit W, Claus B. Type 2 Inflammatory Shift in Chronic Rhinosinusitis During 2007-2018 in Belgium. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:E1408-E1414. [PMID: 32965716 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogenic disease with different inflammatory patterns depending on the presence (CRSwNP) or absence (CRSsNP) of polyps and geographical location. A shift toward type 2 endotype has been seen in Asia. We aim to investigate whether there has been type 2 shift in Belgium and to further endotype CRS based on clinical markers. STUDY DESIGN Prospective descriptive study. METHODS Four hundred and thirty eight patients with CRS undergoing sinus surgery at Ghent University Hospital between 2007 and 2018 were included and stratified based on phenotype, comorbidities, inflammatory markers in tissue, and two different time points of surgery. Tissue samples from surgery were analyzed for type 2 markers. In a subgroup of CRSwNP blood eosinophils (EBC) was available. RESULTS There was an increase in type 2 inflammatory markers in the latter group versus the earlier, in non-asthmatic, non-allergic CRS patients regardless of phenotype. The proportion of IL-5+ patients was elevated in the latter group in CRSwNP. Inflammatory markers and comorbidities differ between IL-5+ CRSsNP and CRSwNP subjects, no difference was seen in IL-5- CRS. EBC can together with information on comorbidities help identify type 2 CRSwNP in a clinical setting. CONCLUSION There is a shift toward type 2 inflammation within the CRS population over recent 8 years also in Belgium. This shift implies that we expect to see more cases of severe and difficult to treat CRS in the future. Polyp formation is not directly linked to the presence or concentrations of type 2 inflammatory markers. Clinical parameters and EBC > 300 cells/μL can be used to identify type 2 CRSwNP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3. Laryngoscope, 131:E1408-E1414, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonstam Karin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Delemarre Tim
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Lars-Olaf Cardell
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Westman Marit
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bachert Claus
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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42
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Lu PC, Lee TJ, Huang CC, Chang PH, Chen YW, Fu CH. Serum eosinophil cationic protein: a prognostic factor for early postoperative recurrence of nasal polyps. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 11:766-772. [PMID: 32761877 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to assess the efficacy of serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration in predicting early postoperative recurrence in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). METHODS We prospectively enrolled CRSwNP patients to receive bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and followed them for 1 year. Serum ECP level was measured within 1 week before surgery. Demographics and associated medical factors were analyzed with the surgical outcome, and nasal polyp histology was microscopically examined. RESULTS Overall, 58 patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent FESS. After at least a 1-year follow-up period, 9 patients had postoperative recurrence, with significantly higher serum ECP levels (p = 0.030). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the optimal cutoff level of serum ECP concentration for predicting the postoperative recurrence of nasal polyps was 21.8 µg/L (p = 0.030). Regardless of atopy status and histology type, logistic regression analysis showed that a higher ECP level was the sole significant factor related to early postoperative recurrence of nasal polyps (odds ratio, 54.8; p = 0.014). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that the hazard ratio of CRSwNP patients with an ECP level of >21.8 µg/L resulting in early postoperative recurrence was 7.6 (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION Serum ECP appears to be a feasible predictor for early postoperative recurrence of nasal polyps. CRSwNP patients with preoperative serum ECP levels of ≥21.8 µg/L had an approximately 55-fold increased risk of early recurrence. CRSwNP patients with higher preoperative serum ECP levels should be closely monitored within the first year after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Ching Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Jen Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Che Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Sethi A, Shetty DC, Rathore AS, Tandon A, Juneja S, Gulati N. Quantitative assessment of CD15 positive tissue eosinophils in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: effects on mast cells and tumor angiogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 69:133-140. [PMID: 32610722 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4970.19.04285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study determines to correlate eosinophil, mast cell and microvessel densities with the histopathological grades and clinical staging of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) cases, as the potential role of inflammatory mediators within tumor stroma remains debatable. METHODS The study sample comprised 60 cases consisting of 40 cases of Well to moderately differentiated OSCC (group 1) and 20 cases of poorly differentiated OSCC (group 2). Immunohistochemistry with anti-CD15 antibody and antifactor VIII antibody; and toluidine blue special stain were employed for the detection of eosinophils, microvessels, and mast cells, respectively. RESULTS The mean numbers of eosinophils, mast cells, and microvessels per high power field in group 1 and group 2 were 15.37±11.86 and 12.62±14.30, 6.00±4.84 and 4.51±4.51, 13.96±6.25 and 6.62±2.05, respectively. Eosinophil density had a positive correlation with both mast cell and microvessel density. Also, the correlation of primary tumor size (T status) with microvessel density was found to be statistically significant (P≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS The cohesive interpretation of the aforementioned mediators in OSCC suggested that while these variables correlate well with the differentiation of tumor, the quantification did not correlate with the clinical staging of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashka Sethi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, I.T.S Center for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, India -
| | - Devi C Shetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, I.T.S Center for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, India
| | - Ajit S Rathore
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, I.T.S Center for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, India
| | - Ankita Tandon
- Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Dental Institute, RIMS, Ranchi, India
| | - Saurabh Juneja
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, I.T.S Center for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, India
| | - Nikita Gulati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, I.T.S Center for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, India
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Katinios G, Casado-Bedmar M, Walter SA, Vicario M, González-Castro AM, Bednarska O, Söderholm JD, Hjortswang H, Keita ÅV. Increased Colonic Epithelial Permeability and Mucosal Eosinophilia in Ulcerative Colitis in Remission Compared With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Health. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:974-984. [PMID: 31944236 PMCID: PMC7301402 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrier dysfunction is recognized as a pathogenic factor in ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but it is unclear to what extent the factors related to barrier dysfunction are disease-specific. The aim of this study was to compare these aspects in UC patients in remission, IBS patients, and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Colonic biopsies were collected from 13 patients with UC in remission, 15 patients with IBS-mixed, and 15 HCs. Ulcerative colitis patients had recently been treated for relapse, and biopsies were taken from earlier inflamed areas. Biopsies were mounted in Ussing chambers for measurements of intestinal paracellular permeability to 51chromium (Cr)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In addition, biopsies were analyzed for mast cells and eosinophils by histological procedures, and plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was assessed by ELISA. RESULTS Ussing chamber experiments revealed an increased 51Cr-EDTA permeability in UC and IBS (P < 0.05). The 51Cr-EDTA permeability was higher in UC compared with IBS (P < 0.005). There were increased numbers of mucosal mast cells and eosinophils in UC and IBS and more eosinophils in UC compared with IBS (P < 0.05). Also, increased extracellular granule content was found in UC compared with HCs (P < 0.05). The 51Cr-EDTA permeability correlated significantly with eosinophils in all groups. Plasma TNF-α concentration was higher in UC compared with IBS and HCs (P < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate a more permeable intestinal epithelium in inactive UC and IBS compared with HCs. Ulcerative colitis patients, even during remission, demonstrate a leakier barrier compared with IBS. Both eosinophil numbers and activation state might be involved in the increased barrier function seen in UC patients in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Katinios
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maite Casado-Bedmar
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Susanna A Walter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Vicario
- Laboratory of Translational Mucosal Immunology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit. Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M González-Castro
- Laboratory of Translational Mucosal Immunology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit. Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Bednarska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Linköping, Linköping University,Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjortswang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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45
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Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disorder with substantial morbidity and mortality. BP is regarded as a disorder driven by IgG due to BP180 and BP230 IgG autoantibodies, yet, new advances highlight the function of eosinophils and IgE autoantibodies in BP. Evidence supports that eosinophils are involved in BP pathogenesis, notably, these include the presence of IL-5, eotaxin, and eosinophil-colony stimulating factor in blister fluid, peripheral blood eosinophilia is present in nearly 50% of affected patients, eosinophils are found against the dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ) when BP serum is present, metalloprotease-9 is secreted by eosinophils at blister sites, blister fluid of BP patients contains eosinophil granule proteins which are located along the lamina lucida of the BMZ in patients with BP and correspond with disease clinically, eosinophil extracellular traps (EET) have been linked to DEJ splitting, IL-5 activated eosinophils cause DEJ separation when BP serum is present, and eosinophils are requisite to drive anti-BP180 IgE mediated blistering of the skin. Yet, the mechanism whereby eosinophils contribute to the pathogenesis of BP remains to be explored. In this review, we examine the role of eosinophils in BP while offering a basis to explain the pathomechanisms of eosinophils in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Jones
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Payal M Patel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyle T Amber
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA -
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46
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Li T, Gao L, Ma HX, Wei YY, Liu YH, Qin KR, Wang WT, Wang HL, Pang M. Clinical value of IL-13 and ECP in the serum and sputum of eosinophilic AECOPD patients. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1290-1298. [PMID: 32493123 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220931765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is an inevitable trend in the development of the disease and eosinophils (EOS) participate in inflammation process. It is important to explore some relatively simple biomarkers in AECOPD which are useful to recognize the disease. In the present study, 108 hospitalized patients with AECOPD were collected and the levels of IL-13 and ECP in the serum and sputum were measured. The levels of IL-13 and ECP in sputum in the eosinophilic group were higher than those in the noneosinophilic group. Moreover, the noneosinophilic group had a higher rate of rehospitalization due to acute exacerbation during the one-year follow-up. The results show that eosinophils in peripheral blood are a simple, convenient, and inexpensive index for assessing the condition and prognosis of AECOPD patients. IL-13 and ECP are involved in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic AECOPD and may be the new targeted anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Hong-Xia Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yue-Hua Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ke-Ru Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Wen-Tao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Min Pang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
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γδT cells contribute to type 2 inflammatory profiles in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2301-2315. [PMID: 31722010 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRS) is a condition linked with type 2 inflammation, poor treatment outcomes, and high recurrence tendency. Although γδT cells have been reported to induce type 2 immune responses and eosinophilic infiltration in several diseases, their role in ECRS has not been fully explored. We aimed to evaluate the association of γδT cells with the type 2 inflammatory profiles in ECRS. Nasal tissue samples obtained from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) (51 eosinophilic and 48 non-eosinophilic), 50 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 58 control subjects were examined for γδT cells, inflammatory markers and eosinophils using HE, RT-qPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. In parallel, studies were also conducted in an ECRS murine model induced by anti-γδT cells neutralizing antibody administration. γδT cells expression was significantly increased in tissues from patients with ECRS compared with non-ECRS, CRSsNP and control subjects. Moreover, inflammatory markers including type 2 proinflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), GATA3, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and eotaxin levels were also increased in nasal tissues of patients with ECRS, and Vγ1+ γδT cells mRNA expression was positively correlated with type 2 cytokines, GATA3, and ECP. In the ECRS murine model, anti-Vγ1+ γδT antibody treatment reduced the infiltration of eosinophils and expression of type 2 cytokines, GATA3, and ECP in nasal mucosae. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that γδT cells play a crucial role in the type 2 inflammatory profiles and nasal tissue eosinophilic infiltration in patients with ECRS.
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48
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Back HM, Lee JB, Kim A, Park SJ, Kim J, Chae JW, Sheen SS, Kagan L, Park HS, Ye YM, Yun HY. Exposure-Response and Clinical Outcome Modeling of Inhaled Budesonide/Formoterol Combination in Asthma Patients. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040336. [PMID: 32283726 PMCID: PMC7238265 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure-response and clinical outcome (CO) model for inhaled budesonide/formoterol was developed to quantify the relationship among pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and CO of the drugs and evaluate the covariate effect on model parameters. Sputum eosinophils cationic proteins (ECP) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) were selected as PD markers and asthma control score was used as a clinical outcome. One- and two-compartment models were used to describe the PK of budesonide and formoterol, respectively. The indirect response model (IDR) was used to describe the PD effect for ECP and FEV1. In addition, the symptomatic effect on the disease progression model for CO was connected with IDR on each PD response. The slope for the effect of ECP and FEV1 to disease progression were estimated as 0.00008 and 0.644, respectively. Total five covariates (ex. ADRB2 genotype etc.) were searched using a stepwise covariate modeling method, however, there was no significant covariate effect. The results from the simulation study were showed that a 1 puff b.i.d. had a comparable effect of asthma control with a 2 puff b.i.d. As a result, the 1 puff b.i.d. of combination drug could be suggested as a standardized dose to minimize the side effects and obtain desired control of disease compared to the 2 puff b.i.d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-moon Back
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (H.-m.B.); (J.B.L.); (L.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Translational Research and Education, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (H.-m.B.); (J.B.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Anhye Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13496, Korea;
| | - Seon-Jong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (J.K.); (J.-w.C.)
| | - Junyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (J.K.); (J.-w.C.)
| | - Jung-woo Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (J.K.); (J.-w.C.)
| | - Seung Soo Sheen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Korea;
| | - Leonid Kagan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (H.-m.B.); (J.B.L.); (L.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Translational Research and Education, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Korea;
| | - Young-Min Ye
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.Y.); (H.-y.Y.)
| | - Hwi-yeol Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (J.K.); (J.-w.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.Y.); (H.-y.Y.)
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Amin K, Issa SM, Ali KM, Aziz MI, Hama Amieen HM, Bystrom J, Janson C. Evidence for eosinophil and IL-17 mediated inflammation in allergic rhinitis. Clin Mol Allergy 2020; 18:6. [PMID: 32280308 PMCID: PMC7129325 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-020-00117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to determine the level of inflammatory cytokines, eosinophil cationic protein and IgE in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. Subjects and methods Blood samples were taken from 88 AR patients and 88 healthy controls (HC). Each sample was analysed for eosinophil counts by flow cytometry, IgE by ECLIA, ECP, IL-17, and IL-33 by using ELISA test. Results There was no significant difference between AR patients and the control group in age and gender. Levels of eosinophils, IgE, ECP, IL-17, IL-33 and the total symptom scores were significantly higher in AR patients than the HC (P = 0.0001). Serum ECP correlated with IL-17 (P = 0.041, r = 0.42), IL-33 (P = 0.0001, r = 080), and IgE levels (P = 0.017, r = 0.45) in the R patients. There was no correlation between IL-17 and IL-33. There was a correlation between symptom scores and eosinophils (P = 0.026, r = 0.52), and IgE (P = 0.001, r = 0.60) in the patients. No correlation was observed between symptom scores and ECP, IL-17, and IL-33 in the AR patient. Conclusions Patients with AR have significant higher serum levels of ECP, IL-17, and IL-33 than healthy controls. This indicates that these markers could be used to in order to diagnose AR and to monitor disease. Inhibitory molecules to IL-17 and IL-33 may be considered as novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawa Amin
- 1Department of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimanyah, Iraq.,2Department of Medical Science, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sulaf Mosa Issa
- 1Department of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimanyah, Iraq
| | - Kosar Mohammad Ali
- 1Department of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimanyah, Iraq
| | - Muaid Ismiel Aziz
- 1Department of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimanyah, Iraq
| | | | - Jonas Bystrom
- 4Expermiental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Christer Janson
- 2Department of Medical Science, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Ye Z, Huang S, Zhang Y, Mei X, Zheng H, Li M, Chen J, Lu F. Galectins, Eosinophiles, and Macrophages May Contribute to Schistosoma japonicum Egg-Induced Immunopathology in a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:146. [PMID: 32231658 PMCID: PMC7082360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a severe public health problem, which can cause tissue fibrosis and can even be fatal. Previous studies have proven that galectins and different kinds of cells involve in the regulation of tissue fibrosis process. In this study, outbred Kunming mice were infected with Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum). Our results showed that compared with uninfected mice, there were severe egg granulomatous inflammation and tissue fibrosis in the livers, spleens, and large intestines of S. japonicum-infected mice at 8 weeks post-infection (p.i.), and the number of eosinophils by hematoxylin and eosin staining and CD68 macrophage-positive area by immunohistochemical staining were significantly increased. Detected by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), at 8 weeks after S. japonicum infection, the mRNA expression levels of galectin (Gal)-1, Gal-3, CD69, eosinophil protein X (EPX), and chitinase 3-like protein 3 (Ym1) were significantly increased in liver, spleen, and large intestine; eotaxin-1 (CCL11) and eosinophil cationic protein were significantly increased in both liver and spleen; eotaxin-2 (CCL24) and Arginase1 (Arg1) were significantly increased in both spleen and large intestine; and CD200R was significantly increased in both liver and large intestine. However, interleukin (IL)-1ß and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were only significantly increased in liver. The M2/M1 ratio of CD200R/CD86 genes was significantly increased in liver, and ratios of Ym1/IL-1β and Ym1/iNOS were significantly increased in liver, spleen, and large intestine of S. japonicum-infected mice. Ex vivo study further confirmed that the levels of Gal-1, Gal-3, CD200R, Arg1, and Ym1 were significantly increased, and the ratios of CD200R/CD86 and Ym1/IL-1β were significantly increased in peritoneal macrophages isolated from S. japonicum-infected mice at 8 weeks p.i. In addition, correlation analysis showed that significant positive correlations existed between mRNA levels of Gal-1/Gal-3 and EPX in liver, between Gal-3 and Ym1 in both liver and large intestine, and between Gal-3 and CD200R in peritoneal macrophages of S. japonicum-infected mice. Our data suggested that Gal-1, Gal-3, eosinophils, and macrophages are likely involved in the development of egg granulomatous response and fibrosis induced by S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhong Ye
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Mei
- Artemisinin Research Center and Institute of Science and Technology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanqin Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Li
- Medical Experimental Teaching Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhuang Chen
- Medical Experimental Teaching Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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