1
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Tang Z, Zhong MC, Qian J, Galindo CC, Davidson D, Li J, Zhao Y, Hui E, Veillette A. CD47 masks pro-phagocytic ligands in cis on tumor cells to suppress antitumor immunity. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:2032-2041. [PMID: 37945822 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells often overexpress CD47, which triggers the inhibitory receptor SIRPα expressed on macrophages, to elude phagocytosis and antitumor immunity. Pharmacological blockade of CD47 or SIRPα is showing promise as anticancer therapy, although CD47 blockade has been associated with hematological toxicities that may reflect its broad expression pattern on normal cells. Here we found that, in addition to triggering SIRPα, CD47 suppressed phagocytosis by a SIRPα-independent mechanism. This mechanism prevented phagocytosis initiated by the pro-phagocytic ligand, SLAMF7, on tumor cells, due to a cis interaction between CD47 and SLAMF7. The CD47-SLAMF7 interaction was disrupted by CD47 blockade and by a first-in-class agonist SLAMF7 antibody, but not by SIRPα blockade, thereby promoting antitumor immunity. Hence, CD47 suppresses phagocytosis not only by engaging SIRPα, but also by masking cell-intrinsic pro-phagocytic ligands on tumor cells and knowledge of this mechanism may influence the decision between CD47 blockade or SIRPα blockade for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghai Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ming-Chao Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jin Qian
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cristian Camilo Galindo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Davidson
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Enfu Hui
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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2
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Zhao Y, Caron C, Chan YY, Lee CK, Xu X, Zhang J, Masubuchi T, Wu C, Bui JD, Hui E. cis-B7:CD28 interactions at invaginated synaptic membranes provide CD28 co-stimulation and promote CD8 + T cell function and anti-tumor immunity. Immunity 2023; 56:1187-1203.e12. [PMID: 37160118 PMCID: PMC10330546 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
B7 ligands (CD80 and CD86), expressed by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), activate the main co-stimulatory receptor CD28 on T cells in trans. However, in peripheral tissues, APCs expressing B7 ligands are relatively scarce. This raises the questions of whether and how CD28 co-stimulation occurs in peripheral tissues. Here, we report that CD8+ T cells displayed B7 ligands that interacted with CD28 in cis at membrane invaginations of the immunological synapse as a result of membrane remodeling driven by phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and sorting-nexin-9 (SNX9). cis-B7:CD28 interactions triggered CD28 signaling through protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) and promoted CD8+ T cell survival, migration, and cytokine production. In mouse tumor models, loss of T cell-intrinsic cis-B7:CD28 interactions decreased intratumoral T cells and accelerated tumor growth. Thus, B7 ligands on CD8+ T cells can evoke cell-autonomous CD28 co-stimulation in cis in peripheral tissues, suggesting cis-signaling as a general mechanism for boosting T cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Christine Caron
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ya-Yuan Chan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Calvin K Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiaozheng Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jibin Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takeya Masubuchi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Enfu Hui
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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3
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Rebenku I, Lloyd CB, Szöllősi J, Vereb G. Pixel-by-pixel autofluorescence corrected FRET in fluorescence microscopy improves accuracy for samples with spatially varied autofluorescence to signal ratio. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2934. [PMID: 36804608 PMCID: PMC9941493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The actual interaction between signaling species in cellular processes is often more important than their expression levels. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a popular tool for studying molecular interactions, since it is highly sensitive to proximity in the range of 2-10 nm. Spectral spillover-corrected quantitative (3-cube) FRET is a cost effective and versatile approach, which can be applied in flow cytometry and various modalities of fluorescence microscopy, but may be hampered by varying levels of autofluorescence. Here, we have implemented pixel-by-pixel autofluorescence correction in microscopy FRET measurements, exploiting cell-free calibration standards void of autofluorescence that allow the correct determination of all spectral spillover factors. We also present an ImageJ/Fiji plugin for interactive analysis of single images as well as automatic creation of quantitative FRET efficiency maps from large image sets. For validation, we used bead and cell based FRET models covering a range of signal to autofluorescence ratios and FRET efficiencies and compared the approach with conventional average autofluorescence/background correction. Pixel-by-pixel autofluorescence correction proved to be superior in the accuracy of results, particularly for samples with spatially varying autofluorescence and low fluorescence to autofluorescence ratios, the latter often being the case for physiological expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Rebenku
- grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary ,grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582ELKH-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - Cameron B. Lloyd
- grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - János Szöllősi
- grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary ,grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582ELKH-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary. .,ELKH-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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4
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Aung A, Cui A, Maiorino L, Amini AP, Gregory JR, Bukenya M, Zhang Y, Lee H, Cottrell CA, Morgan DM, Silva M, Suh H, Kirkpatrick JD, Amlashi P, Remba T, Froehle LM, Xiao S, Abraham W, Adams J, Love JC, Huyett P, Kwon DS, Hacohen N, Schief WR, Bhatia SN, Irvine DJ. Low protease activity in B cell follicles promotes retention of intact antigens after immunization. Science 2023; 379:eabn8934. [PMID: 36701450 PMCID: PMC10041875 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn8934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The structural integrity of vaccine antigens is critical to the generation of protective antibody responses, but the impact of protease activity on vaccination in vivo is poorly understood. We characterized protease activity in lymph nodes and found that antigens were rapidly degraded in the subcapsular sinus, paracortex, and interfollicular regions, whereas low protease activity and antigen degradation rates were detected in the vicinity of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Correlated with these findings, immunization regimens designed to target antigen to FDCs led to germinal centers dominantly targeting intact antigen, whereas traditional immunizations led to much weaker responses that equally targeted the intact immunogen and antigen breakdown products. Thus, spatially compartmentalized antigen proteolysis affects humoral immunity and can be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aereas Aung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ang Cui
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ava P. Amini
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Justin R. Gregory
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maurice Bukenya
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heya Lee
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Cottrell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Duncan M. Morgan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse D. Kirkpatrick
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Parastoo Amlashi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tanaka Remba
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leah M. Froehle
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shuhao Xiao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Josetta Adams
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J. Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Phillip Huyett
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas S. Kwon
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William R. Schief
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dept. of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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5
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Li B, Lu Y, Zhong MC, Qian J, Li R, Davidson D, Tang Z, Zhu K, Argenty J, de Peredo AG, Malissen B, Roncagalli R, Veillette A. Cis interactions between CD2 and its ligands on T cells are required for T cell activation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn6373. [PMID: 35930657 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CD2 is largely described to promote T cell activation when engaged by its ligands, CD48 in mice and CD58 in humans, that are present on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). However, both CD48 and CD58 are also expressed on T cells. By generating new knockout mouse strains lacking CD2 or CD48 in the C57BL/6 background, we determined that whereas CD2 was necessary on T cells for T cell activation, its ligand CD48 was not required on APCs. Rather, CD48 was also needed on T cells. One exception was during cytotoxicity, which required CD48 on T cells and APCs. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies in nonimmune cells provided evidence that cis interactions between CD2 and CD48 existed within individual cells. CD2-CD48 interactions on T cells enabled more robust T cell receptor (TCR) signals, including protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Using T cells from a CD2 knock-in mouse in which a tag was inserted at the carboxyl terminus of CD2, mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the role of CD2 in T cell activation correlated with its ability to interact with components of the TCR complex and the protein tyrosine kinase Lck. CD2-CD58 provided a similar function in human T cells. Thus, our data imply that T cell-intrinsic cis interactions of CD2 with its ligands are required for TCR signaling and T cell activation. Interactions with ligands on APCs contribute during cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Yan Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Ming-Chao Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jin Qian
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Dominique Davidson
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Kaiwen Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jérémy Argenty
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Gonzalez de Peredo
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Romain Roncagalli
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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6
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Tomaz D, Pereira PM, Guerra N, Dyson J, Gould K, Henriques R. Nanoscale Colocalization of NK Cell Activating and Inhibitory Receptors Controls Signal Integration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868496. [PMID: 35720315 PMCID: PMC9198454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell responses depend on the balance of signals from inhibitory and activating receptors. However, how the integration of antagonistic signals occurs upon NK cell-target cell interaction is not fully understood. Here we provide evidence that NK cell inhibition via the inhibitory receptor Ly49A is dependent on its relative colocalization at the nanometer scale with the activating receptor NKG2D upon immune synapse (IS) formation. NKG2D and Ly49A signal integration and colocalization were studied using NKG2D-GFP and Ly49A-RFP-expressing primary NK cells, forming ISs with NIH3T3 target cells, with or without the expression of single-chain trimer (SCT) H2-Dd and an extended form of SCT H2-Dd-CD4 MHC-I molecules. Nanoscale colocalization was assessed by Förster resonance energy transfer between NKG2D-GFP and Ly49A-RFP and measured for each synapse. In the presence of their respective cognate ligands, NKG2D and Ly49A colocalize at the nanometer scale, leading to NK cell inhibition. However, increasing the size of the Ly49A ligand reduced the nanoscale colocalization with NKG2D, consequently impairing Ly49A-mediated inhibition. Thus, our data shows that NK cell signal integration is critically dependent on the dimensions of NK cell ligand-receptor pairs by affecting their relative nanometer-scale colocalization at the IS. Our results together suggest that the balance of NK cell signals and NK cell responses is determined by the relative nanoscale colocalization of activating and inhibitory receptors in the immune synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tomaz
- Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Matos Pereira
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nadia Guerra
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Dyson
- Department of Immunology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Gould
- Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Optical Cell Biology Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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7
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Pócsi I, Szigeti ZM, Emri T, Boczonádi I, Vereb G, Szöllősi J. Use of red, far-red, and near-infrared light in imaging of yeasts and filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3895-3912. [PMID: 35599256 PMCID: PMC9200671 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract While phototoxicity can be a useful therapeutic modality not only for eliminating malignant cells but also in treating fungal infections, mycologists aiming to observe morphological changes or molecular events in fungi, especially when long observation periods or high light fluxes are warranted, encounter problems owed to altered regulatory pathways or even cell death caused by various photosensing mechanisms. Consequently, the ever expanding repertoire of visible fluorescent protein toolboxes and high-resolution microscopy methods designed to investigate fungi in vitro and in vivo need to comply with an additional requirement: to decrease the unwanted side effects of illumination. In addition to optimizing exposure, an obvious solution is red-shifted illumination, which, however, does not come without compromises. This review summarizes the interactions of fungi with light and the various molecular biology and technology approaches developed for exploring their functions on the molecular, cellular, and in vivo microscopic levels, and outlines the progress towards reducing phototoxicity through applying far-red and near-infrared light. Key points • Fungal biological processes alter upon illumination, also under the microscope • Red shifted fluorescent protein toolboxes decrease interference by illumination • Innovations like two-photon, lightsheet, and near IR microscopy reduce phototoxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsa M Szigeti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Imre Boczonádi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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8
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Wollman AJ, Kioumourtzoglou D, Ward R, Gould GW, Bryant NJ. Large scale, single-cell FRET-based glucose uptake measurements within heterogeneous populations. iScience 2022; 25:104023. [PMID: 35313696 PMCID: PMC8933717 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent biosensors are powerful tools allowing the concentration of metabolites and small molecules, and other properties such as pH and molecular crowding to be measured inside live single cells. The technology has been hampered by lack of simple software to identify cells and quantify biosensor signals in single cells. We have developed a new software package, FRETzel, to address this gap and demonstrate its use by measuring insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in individual fat cells of varying sizes for the first time. Our results support the long-standing hypothesis that larger fat cells are less sensitive to insulin than smaller ones, a finding that has important implications for the battle against type 2 diabetes. FRETzel has been optimized using the messy and crowded environment of cultured adipocytes, demonstrating its utility for quantification of FRET biosensors in a wide range of other cell types, including fibroblasts and yeast via a simple user-friendly quantitative interface. FRETzel is a new software package for easy analysis of FRET signals in cells FRETzel is used to quantify glucose uptake in adipocytes of different sizes Reduced glucose uptake suggests that larger adipocytes have lower insulin sensitivity FRETzel is demonstrated on a range of cell types: yeast, fibroblasts, and adipocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J.M. Wollman
- Department of Biology and York Institute of Biomedical Research, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Dimitrios Kioumourtzoglou
- Department of Biology and York Institute of Biomedical Research, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Rebecca Ward
- Department of Biology and York Institute of Biomedical Research, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gwyn W. Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Nia J. Bryant
- Department of Biology and York Institute of Biomedical Research, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Corresponding author
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9
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Abstract
This protocol highlights the use of FRET-based biosensors to investigate signaling events during microglia activation in real time. Understanding microglia activation has gained momentum as it can help decipher signaling mechanisms underlying the neurodegenerative process occurring in neurological disorders. Unlike more traditional methods widely employed in the microglia field, FRET allows microglia signaling events to be studied in real time with exquisite subcellular resolution. However, FRET-based live-cell imaging requires application-specific biosensors and specialized imaging systems, limiting its use in in vivo studies. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Socodato et al. (2020), Portugal et al. (2017), and Socodato et al. (2018).
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10
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Zhao Y, Lee CK, Lin CH, Gassen RB, Xu X, Huang Z, Xiao C, Bonorino C, Lu LF, Bui JD, Hui E. PD-L1:CD80 Cis-Heterodimer Triggers the Co-stimulatory Receptor CD28 While Repressing the Inhibitory PD-1 and CTLA-4 Pathways. Immunity 2019; 51:1059-1073.e9. [PMID: 31757674 PMCID: PMC6935268 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Combined immunotherapy targeting the immune checkpoint receptors cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), or CTLA-4 and the PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) exhibits superior anti-tumor responses compared with single-agent therapy. Here, we examined the molecular basis for this synergy. Using reconstitution assays with fluorescence readouts, we found that PD-L1 and the CTLA-4 ligand CD80 heterodimerize in cis but not trans. Quantitative biochemistry and cell biology assays revealed that PD-L1:CD80 cis-heterodimerization inhibited both PD-L1:PD-1 and CD80:CTLA-4 interactions through distinct mechanisms but preserved the ability of CD80 to activate the T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) prevented CTLA-4-mediated trans-endocytosis of CD80. Atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), but not anti-PD-1, reduced cell surface expression of CD80 on APCs, and this effect was negated by co-blockade of CTLA-4 with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4). Thus, PD-L1 exerts an immunostimulatory effect by repressing the CTLA-4 axis; this has implications to the synergy of anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Calvin K Lee
- Department of Pathology, 9500 Gilman Drive, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rodrigo B Gassen
- Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Xiaozheng Xu
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, 9500 Gilman Drive, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Enfu Hui
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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11
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Zhao Y, Harrison DL, Song Y, Ji J, Huang J, Hui E. Antigen-Presenting Cell-Intrinsic PD-1 Neutralizes PD-L1 in cis to Attenuate PD-1 Signaling in T Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 24:379-390.e6. [PMID: 29996099 PMCID: PMC6093302 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The PD-1 pathway, consisting of the co-inhibitory receptor PD-1 on T cells and its ligand (PD-L1) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), is a major mechanism of tumor immune evasion. PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade antibodies have produced remarkable clinical activities against a subset of cancers. Binding between T cell-intrinsic PD-1 and APC-intrinsic PD-L1 triggers inhibitory signaling to attenuate the T cell response. Here, we report that PD-1 is co-expressed with PD-L1 on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating APCs. Using reconstitution and cell culture assays, we demonstrate that the co-expressed PD-1 binds to PD-L1 in cis. Such interaction inhibits the ability of PD-L1 to bind T cell-intrinsic PD-1 in trans and, in turn, represses canonical PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitory signaling. Selective blockade of tumor-intrinsic PD-1 frees up tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 to inhibit T cell signaling and cytotoxicity. Our study uncovers another dimension of PD-1 regulation, with important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Devin L Harrison
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yuran Song
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jie Ji
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Enfu Hui
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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12
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Qin Q, Laub S, Shi Y, Ouyang M, Peng Q, Zhang J, Wang Y, Lu S. Fluocell for Ratiometric and High-Throughput Live-Cell Image Visualization and Quantitation. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2019; 7:154. [PMID: 33163483 PMCID: PMC7646842 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal regulation of molecular activities dictates cellular function and fate. Investigation of dynamic molecular activities in live cells often requires the visualization and quantitation of fluorescent ratio image sequences with subcellular resolution and in high throughput. Hence, there is a great need for convenient software tools specifically designed with these capabilities. Here we describe a well-characterized open-source software package, Fluocell, customized to visualize pixelwise ratiometric images and calculate ratio time courses with subcellular resolution and in high throughput. Fluocell also provides group statistics and kinetic analysis functions for the quantified time courses, as well as 3D structure and function visualization for ratio images. The application of Fluocell is demonstrated by the ratiometric analysis of intensity images for several single-chain Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors, allowing efficient quantification of dynamic molecular activities in a heterogeneous population of single live cells. Our analysis revealed distinct activation kinetics of Fyn kinase in the cytosolic and membrane compartments, and visualized a 4D spatiotemporal distribution of epigenetic signals in mitotic cells. Therefore, Fluocell provides an integrated environment for ratiometric live-cell image visualization and analysis, which generates high-quality single-cell dynamic data and allows the quantitative machine-learning of biophysical and biochemical computational models for molecular regulations in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shannon Laub
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yiwen Shi
- Department of Mathematics, Center of Computational Mathematics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United State
| | - Mingxing Ouyang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qin Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Center of Computational Mathematics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United State
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13
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Tsai HY, Kim H, Massey M, Krause KD, Algar WR. Concentric FRET: a review of the emerging concept, theory, and applications. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2019; 7:042001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab2b2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Hochreiter B, Kunze M, Moser B, Schmid JA. Advanced FRET normalization allows quantitative analysis of protein interactions including stoichiometries and relative affinities in living cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8233. [PMID: 31160659 PMCID: PMC6547726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) measurements are commonly applied to proof protein-protein interactions. However, standard methods of live cell FRET microscopy and signal normalization only allow a principle assessment of mutual binding and are unable to deduce quantitative information of the interaction. We present an evaluation and normalization procedure for 3-filter FRET measurements, which reflects the process of complex formation by plotting FRET-saturation curves. The advantage of this approach relative to traditional signal normalizations is demonstrated by mathematical simulations. Thereby, we also identify the contribution of critical parameters such as the total amount of donor and acceptor molecules and their molar ratio. When combined with a fitting procedure, this normalization facilitates the extraction of key properties of protein complexes such as the interaction stoichiometry or the apparent affinity of the binding partners. Finally, the feasibility of our method is verified by investigating three exemplary protein complexes. Altogether, our approach offers a novel method for a quantitative analysis of protein interactions by 3-filter FRET microscopy, as well as flow cytometry. To facilitate the application of this method, we created macros and routines for the programs ImageJ, R and MS-Excel, which we make publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Hochreiter
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kunze
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Schmid
- Medical University Vienna, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Bajanca F, Gouignard N, Colle C, Parsons M, Mayor R, Theveneau E. In vivo topology converts competition for cell-matrix adhesion into directional migration. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1518. [PMID: 30944331 PMCID: PMC6447549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
When migrating in vivo, cells are exposed to numerous conflicting signals: chemokines, repellents, extracellular matrix, growth factors. The roles of several of these molecules have been studied individually in vitro or in vivo, but we have yet to understand how cells integrate them. To start addressing this question, we used the cephalic neural crest as a model system and looked at the roles of its best examples of positive and negative signals: stromal-cell derived factor 1 (Sdf1/Cxcl12) and class3-Semaphorins. Here we show that Sdf1 and Sema3A antagonistically control cell-matrix adhesion via opposite effects on Rac1 activity at the single cell level. Directional migration at the population level emerges as a result of global Semaphorin-dependent confinement and broad activation of adhesion by Sdf1 in the context of a biased Fibronectin distribution. These results indicate that uneven in vivo topology renders the need for precise distribution of secreted signals mostly dispensable. Migrating cells encounter multiple signals such as extracellular matrix (ECM) and chemokinetic factors but how these integrate in vivo is unclear. Here, the authors report that overall control of cell-ECM adhesion by Sema3A and Sdf1 can be converted into directional migration by a biased ECM network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Bajanca
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Nadège Gouignard
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Charlotte Colle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Kings College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics Room 3.22B, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eric Theveneau
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 09, France. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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16
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Bentley JK, Han M, Jaipalli S, Hinde JL, Lei J, Ishikawa T, Goldsmith AM, Rajput C, Hershenson MB. Myristoylated rhinovirus VP4 protein activates TLR2-dependent proinflammatory gene expression. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L57-L70. [PMID: 30908938 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00365.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma exacerbations are often caused by rhinovirus (RV). We and others have shown that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a membrane surface receptor that recognizes bacterial lipopeptides and lipoteichoic acid, is required and sufficient for RV-induced proinflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that viral protein-4 (VP4), an internal capsid protein that is myristoylated upon viral replication and externalized upon viral binding, is a ligand for TLR2. Recombinant VP4 and myristoylated VP4 (MyrVP4) were purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. MyrVP4 was also purified from RV-A1B-infected HeLa cells by urea solubilization and anti-VP4 affinity chromatography. Finally, synthetic MyrVP4 was produced by chemical peptide synthesis. MyrVP4-TLR2 interactions were assessed by confocal fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and monitoring VP4-induced cytokine mRNA expression in the presence of anti-TLR2 and anti-VP4. MyrVP4 and TLR2 colocalized in TLR2-expressing HEK-293 cells, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, human bronchoalveolar macrophages, and human airway epithelial cells. Colocalization was absent in TLR2-null HEK-293 cells and blocked by anti-TLR2 and anti-VP4. Cy3-labeled MyrVP4 and Cy5-labeled anti-TLR2 showed an average fractional FRET efficiency of 0.24 ± 0.05, and Cy5-labeled anti-TLR2 increased and unlabeled MyrVP4 decreased FRET efficiency. MyrVP4-induced chemokine mRNA expression was higher than that elicited by VP4 alone and was attenuated by anti-TLR2 and anti-VP4. Cytokine expression was similarly increased by MyrVP4 purified from RV-infected HeLa cells and synthetic MyrVP4. We conclude that, during RV infection, MyrVP4 and TLR2 interact to generate a proinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kelley Bentley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mingyuan Han
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suraj Jaipalli
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joanna L Hinde
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jing Lei
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Adam M Goldsmith
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Charu Rajput
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marc B Hershenson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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17
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Kim J, Yu L, Chen W, Xu Y, Wu M, Todorova D, Tang Q, Feng B, Jiang L, He J, Chen G, Fu X, Xu Y. Wild-Type p53 Promotes Cancer Metabolic Switch by Inducing PUMA-Dependent Suppression of Oxidative Phosphorylation. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:191-203.e8. [PMID: 30712844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is somatically mutated in half of all human cancers. Paradoxically, the wild-type p53 (WTp53) is often retained in certain human cancers, such as hepatocarcinoma (HCC). We discovered a physiological and oncogenic role of WTp53 in suppressing pyruvate-driven oxidative phosphorylation by inducing PUMA. PUMA inhibits mitochondrial pyruvate uptake by disrupting the oligomerization and function of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) through PUMA-MPC interaction, which depends on IκB kinase-mediated phosphorylation of PUMA at Ser96/106. High expression levels of PUMA are correlated with decreased mitochondrial pyruvate uptake and increased glycolysis in HCCs and poor prognosis of HCC patients. These findings are instrumental for cancer drug discovery aiming at activating WTp53 or restoring WTp53 activity to p53 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchul Kim
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China; Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0322, USA
| | - Lili Yu
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wancheng Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yanxia Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Dilyana Todorova
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0322, USA
| | - Qingshuang Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bingbing Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jingjin He
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Guihua Chen
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China; Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0322, USA.
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18
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Chen YA, Lu IL, Tsai JW. Contactin-1/F3 Regulates Neuronal Migration and Morphogenesis Through Modulating RhoA Activity. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:422. [PMID: 30515076 PMCID: PMC6255823 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During neocortical development, newborn neurons migrate along radial fibers from the germinal ventricular zone (VZ) toward the cortical plate (CP) to populate the cerebral cortex. This radial migration requires adhesion activities between neurons and radial fibers; however, past research has identified only a limited number of adhesion molecules involved in this process. Contactin-1/F3 (Cntn1), a cell adhesion molecule expressed in the developing nervous system is essential for many key developmental events including neural cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, axon guidance and myelination. However, the potential role of Cntn1 in neuronal migration during cortical development has not been investigated. Here we used in utero electroporation to introduce short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down (KD) Cntn1 in neural stem cells in vivo. We found that Cntn1 KD led to a delay in neuronal migration. The arrested cells presented abnormal morphology in their leading process and more multipolar cells were observed in the deep layers of the brain, suggestive of dysregulation in process formation. Intriguingly, Cntn1 KD also resulted in upregulation of RhoA, a negative regulator for neuronal migration. Interference of RhoA by expression of the dominant-negative RhoAN19 partially rescued the neuronal migration defects caused by Cntn1 KD. Our results showed that Cntn1 is a novel adhesion protein that is essential for neuronal migration and regulates process formation of newborn cortical neurons through modulating RhoA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Lu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Donnelly KM, Pearce MMP. Monitoring Cell-to-cell Transmission of Prion-like Protein Aggregates in Drosophila Melanogaster. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29578503 DOI: 10.3791/56906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a central feature of most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Protein aggregates are closely associated with neuropathology in these diseases, although the exact mechanism by which aberrant protein aggregation disrupts normal cellular homeostasis is not known. Emerging data provide strong support for the hypothesis that pathogenic aggregates in AD, PD, HD, and ALS have many similarities to prions, which are protein-only infectious agents responsible for the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Prions self-replicate by templating the conversion of natively-folded versions of the same protein, causing spread of the aggregation phenotype. How prions and prion-like proteins in AD, PD, HD, and ALS move from one cell to another is currently an area of intense investigation. Here, a Drosophila melanogaster model that permits monitoring of prion-like, cell-to-cell transmission of mutant huntingtin (Htt) aggregates associated with HD is described. This model takes advantage of powerful tools for manipulating transgene expression in many different Drosophila tissues and utilizes a fluorescently-tagged cytoplasmic protein to directly report prion-like transfer of mutant Htt aggregates. Importantly, the approach we describe here can be used to identify novel genes and pathways that mediate spreading of protein aggregates between diverse cell types in vivo. Information gained from these studies will expand the limited understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie neurodegenerative diseases and reveal new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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20
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Dimerization in tailoring uptake efficacy of the HSV-1 derived membranotropic peptide gH625. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9434. [PMID: 28842580 PMCID: PMC5572722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
gH625 constitutes a promising delivery vehicle for the transport of therapeutic biomacromolecules across membrane barriers. We report an application of multivalency to create a complex nanosystem for delivery and to elucidate the mechanism of peptide-lipid bilayer interactions. Multivalency may offer a route to enhance gH625 cellular uptake as demonstrated by results obtained on dimers of gH625 by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and surface plasmon resonance. Moreover, using both phase contrast and light sheet fluorescence microscopy we were able to characterize and visualize for the first time the fusion of giant unilamellar vesicles caused by a membranotropic peptide.
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21
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Cho SK, Ryu MY, Poulsen C, Kim JH, Oh TR, Choi SW, Kim M, Yang JY, Boo KH, Geshi N, Kim WT, Yang SW. HIGLE is a bifunctional homing endonuclease that directly interacts with HYL1 and SERRATE in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1383-1393. [PMID: 28321834 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly coordinated complex known as the microprocessor precisely processes primary transcripts of MIRNA genes into mature miRNAs. In plants, the microprocessor minimally consists of three components: Dicer-like protein 1 (DCL1), HYPONASTIC LEAF 1 (HYL1), and SERRATE (SE). To precisely modulate miRNA maturation, the microprocessor cooperates with at least 12 proteins in plants. In addition, we here show the involvement of a novel gene, HYL1-interacting GIY-YIG-like endonuclease (HIGLE). The encoded protein has a GIY-YIG domain that is generally found within a class of homing endonucleases. HIGLE directly interacts with the microprocessor components HYL1 and SE. Unlike the functions of other GIY-YIG endonucleases, the catalytic core of HIGLE has both DNase and RNase activities that sufficiently processes miRNA precursors into short fragments in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Keun Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Young Ryu
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jong Hum Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Rin Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Won Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijung Kim
- Group of host pathogen interaction, Temasek Life Science Laboratory, 1 Research link, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun-Yi Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kyung Hwan Boo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science (SARI), Jeju National University, Korea
| | | | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Wook Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Lipid-dependent conformational dynamics underlie the functional versatility of T-cell receptor. Cell Res 2017; 27:505-525. [PMID: 28337984 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor-CD3 complex (TCR) is a versatile signaling machine that can initiate antigen-specific immune responses based on various biochemical changes of CD3 cytoplasmic domains, but the underlying structural basis remains elusive. Here we developed biophysical approaches to study the conformational dynamics of CD3ε cytoplasmic domain (CD3εCD). At the single-molecule level, we found that CD3εCD could have multiple conformational states with different openness of three functional motifs, i.e., ITAM, BRS and PRS. These conformations were generated because different regions of CD3εCD had heterogeneous lipid-binding properties and therefore had heterogeneous dynamics. Live-cell imaging experiments demonstrated that different antigen stimulations could stabilize CD3εCD at different conformations. Lipid-dependent conformational dynamics thus provide structural basis for the versatile signaling property of TCR.
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23
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Szöllősi J, Vereb G, Nagy P. The flow of events: How the sequence of molecular interactions is seen by the latest, user-friendly high throughput flow cytometric FRET. Cytometry A 2016; 89:881-885. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
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24
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Xue J, Manigrasso M, Scalabrin M, Rai V, Reverdatto S, Burz DS, Fabris D, Schmidt AM, Shekhtman A. Change in the Molecular Dimension of a RAGE-Ligand Complex Triggers RAGE Signaling. Structure 2016; 24:1509-22. [PMID: 27524199 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The weak oligomerization exhibited by many transmembrane receptors has a profound effect on signal transduction. The phenomenon is difficult to characterize structurally due to the large sizes of and transient interactions between monomers. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a signaling molecule central to the induction and perpetuation of inflammatory responses, is a weak constitutive oligomer. The RAGE domain interaction surfaces that mediate homo-dimerization were identified by combining segmental isotopic labeling of extracellular soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry. Molecular modeling suggests that two sRAGE monomers orient head to head forming an asymmetric dimer with the C termini directed toward the cell membrane. Ligand-induced association of RAGE homo-dimers on the cell surface increases the molecular dimension of the receptor, recruiting Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1) and activating signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry
- Formins
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Ligands
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Maleimides/chemistry
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | | | - Matteo Scalabrin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Vivek Rai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Sergey Reverdatto
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - David S Burz
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Daniele Fabris
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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25
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Wide and high resolution tension measurement using FRET in embryo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28535. [PMID: 27335157 PMCID: PMC4917836 DOI: 10.1038/srep28535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, physical force plays an important role in morphogenesis and differentiation. Stretch sensitive fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) has the potential to provide non-invasive tension measurements inside living tissue. In this study, we introduced a FRET-based actinin tension sensor into Xenopus laevis embryos and demonstrated that this sensor captures variation of tension across differentiating ectoderm. The actinin tension sensor, containing mCherry and EGFP connected by spider silk protein, was validated in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and embryos. It co-localized with actin filaments and changed FRET efficiencies in response to actin filament destruction, myosin deactivation, and osmotic perturbation. Time-lapse FRET analysis showed that the prospective neural ectoderm bears higher tension than the epidermal ectoderm during gastrulation and neurulation, and cells morphogenetic behavior correlated with the tension difference. These data confirmed that the sensor enables us to measure tension across tissues concurrently and with high resolution.
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26
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Radbruch H, Bremer D, Mothes R, Günther R, Rinnenthal JL, Pohlan J, Ulbricht C, Hauser AE, Niesner R. Intravital FRET: Probing Cellular and Tissue Function in Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11713-27. [PMID: 26006244 PMCID: PMC4463726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of intravital Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is required to probe cellular and tissue function in the natural context: the living organism. Only in this way can biomedicine truly comprehend pathogenesis and develop effective therapeutic strategies. Here we demonstrate and discuss the advantages and pitfalls of two strategies to quantify FRET in vivo-ratiometrically and time-resolved by fluorescence lifetime imaging-and show their concrete application in the context of neuroinflammation in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Radbruch
- Neuropathology, Charité-University of Medicine, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Daniel Bremer
- Germany German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Ronja Mothes
- Neuropathology, Charité-University of Medicine, Berlin 10117, Germany.
- Germany German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Robert Günther
- Germany German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | | | - Julian Pohlan
- Neuropathology, Charité-University of Medicine, Berlin 10117, Germany.
- Germany German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Carolin Ulbricht
- Germany German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin 10117, Germany.
- Immundynamics and Intravital Microscopy, Charité-University of Medicine, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Germany German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin 10117, Germany.
- Immundynamics and Intravital Microscopy, Charité-University of Medicine, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Germany German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin 10117, Germany.
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27
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Yuan L, Qian S, Xiao Y, Sun H, Zeng S. Homo- and hetero-dimerization of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) wild type and its allelic variants affect zidovudine glucuronidation activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:58-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Pearce MM, Spartz EJ, Hong W, Luo L, Kopito RR. Prion-like transmission of neuronal huntingtin aggregates to phagocytic glia in the Drosophila brain. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6768. [PMID: 25866135 PMCID: PMC4515032 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain has a limited capacity to self-protect against protein aggregate-associated pathology, and mounting evidence supports a role for phagocytic glia in this process. We have established a Drosophila model to investigate the role of phagocytic glia in clearance of neuronal mutant huntingtin (Htt) aggregates associated with Huntington disease. We find that glia regulate steady-state numbers of Htt aggregates expressed in neurons through a clearance mechanism that requires the glial scavenger receptor Draper and downstream phagocytic engulfment machinery. Remarkably, some of these engulfed neuronal Htt aggregates effect prion-like conversion of soluble, wild-type Htt in the glial cytoplasm. We provide genetic evidence that this conversion depends strictly on the Draper signalling pathway, unveiling a previously unanticipated role for phagocytosis in transfer of pathogenic protein aggregates in an intact brain. These results suggest a potential mechanism by which phagocytic glia contribute to both protein aggregate-related neuroprotection and pathogenesis in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen J. Spartz
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weizhe Hong
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ron R. Kopito
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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29
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Shrestha D, Jenei A, Nagy P, Vereb G, Szöllősi J. Understanding FRET as a research tool for cellular studies. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6718-56. [PMID: 25815593 PMCID: PMC4424985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16046718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication of molecular species through dynamic association and/or dissociation at various cellular sites governs biological functions. Understanding these physiological processes require delineation of molecular events occurring at the level of individual complexes in a living cell. Among the few non-invasive approaches with nanometer resolution are methods based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). FRET is effective at a distance of 1-10 nm which is equivalent to the size of macromolecules, thus providing an unprecedented level of detail on molecular interactions. The emergence of fluorescent proteins and SNAP- and CLIP- tag proteins provided FRET with the capability to monitor changes in a molecular complex in real-time making it possible to establish the functional significance of the studied molecules in a native environment. Now, FRET is widely used in biological sciences, including the field of proteomics, signal transduction, diagnostics and drug development to address questions almost unimaginable with biochemical methods and conventional microscopies. However, the underlying physics of FRET often scares biologists. Therefore, in this review, our goal is to introduce FRET to non-physicists in a lucid manner. We will also discuss our contributions to various FRET methodologies based on microscopy and flow cytometry, while describing its application for determining the molecular heterogeneity of the plasma membrane in various cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Shrestha
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Attila Jenei
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.
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30
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Mukherjee P, Banerjee S, Wheeler A, Ratliff LA, Irigoyen S, Garcia LR, Lockless SW, Versaw WK. Live imaging of inorganic phosphate in plants with cellular and subcellular resolution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:628-38. [PMID: 25624397 PMCID: PMC4348774 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.254003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite variable and often scarce supplies of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from soils, plants must distribute appropriate amounts of Pi to each cell and subcellular compartment to sustain essential metabolic activities. The ability to monitor Pi dynamics with subcellular resolution in live plants is, therefore, critical for understanding how this essential nutrient is acquired, mobilized, recycled, and stored. Fluorescence indicator protein for inorganic phosphate (FLIPPi) sensors are genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based sensors that have been used to monitor Pi dynamics in cultured animal cells. Here, we present a series of Pi sensors optimized for use in plants. Substitution of the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein component of a FLIPPi sensor with a circularly permuted version of Venus enhanced sensor dynamic range nearly 2.5-fold. The resulting circularly permuted FLIPPi sensor was subjected to a high-efficiency mutagenesis strategy that relied on statistical coupling analysis to identify regions of the protein likely to influence Pi affinity. A series of affinity mutants was selected with dissociation constant values of 0.08 to 11 mm, which span the range for most plant cell compartments. The sensors were expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and ratiometric imaging was used to monitor cytosolic Pi dynamics in root cells in response to Pi deprivation and resupply. Moreover, plastid-targeted versions of the sensors expressed in the wild type and a mutant lacking the PHOSPHATE TRANSPORT4;2 plastidic Pi transporter confirmed a physiological role for this transporter in Pi export from root plastids. These circularly permuted FLIPPi sensors, therefore, enable detailed analysis of Pi dynamics with subcellular resolution in live plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Swayoma Banerjee
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Amanda Wheeler
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Lyndsay A Ratliff
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Sonia Irigoyen
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - L Rene Garcia
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Steve W Lockless
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Wayne K Versaw
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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31
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Govers C, Sebestyén Z, Roszik J, van Brakel M, Berrevoets C, Szöőr Á, Panoutsopoulou K, Broertjes M, Van T, Vereb G, Szöllősi J, Debets R. TCRs Genetically Linked to CD28 and CD3ε Do Not Mispair with Endogenous TCR Chains and Mediate Enhanced T Cell Persistence and Anti-Melanoma Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5315-26. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Nizsalóczki E, Csomós I, Nagy P, Fazekas Z, Goldman CK, Waldmann TA, Damjanovich S, Vámosi G, Mátyus L, Bodnár A. Distinct spatial relationship of the interleukin-9 receptor with interleukin-2 receptor and major histocompatibility complex glycoproteins in human T lymphoma cells. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3969-78. [PMID: 25297818 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-9 receptor (IL-9R) consists of an α subunit and a γ(c) chain that are shared with other cytokine receptors, including interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), an important regulator of T cells. We previously showed that IL-2R is expressed in common clusters with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoproteins in lipid rafts of human T lymphoma cells, which raised the question about what the relationship between clusters of IL-2R/MHC and IL-9R is. Confocal microscopy colocalization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments capable of detecting membrane protein organization at different size scales revealed nonrandom association of IL-9R with IL-2R/MHC clusters at the surface of human T lymphoma cells. Accommodation of IL-9Rα in membrane areas segregated from the IL-2R/MHC domains was also detected. The bipartite nature of IL-9R distribution was mirrored by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation results. Our data indicate that co-compartmentalization with MHC glycoproteins is a general property of γ(c) receptors. Distribution of receptor chains between different membrane domains may regulate their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Nizsalóczki
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, P.O.B. 39., 4012, Debrecen (Hungary)
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33
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Kuriyama S, Theveneau E, Benedetto A, Parsons M, Tanaka M, Charras G, Kabla A, Mayor R. In vivo collective cell migration requires an LPAR2-dependent increase in tissue fluidity. J Cell Biol 2014; 206:113-27. [PMID: 25002680 PMCID: PMC4085712 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201402093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration (CCM) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are common to cancer and morphogenesis, and are often considered to be mutually exclusive in spite of the fact that many cancer and embryonic cells that have gone through EMT still cooperate to migrate collectively. Here we use neural crest (NC) cells to address the question of how cells that have down-regulated cell-cell adhesions can migrate collectively. NC cell dissociation relies on a qualitative and quantitative change of the cadherin repertoire. We found that the level of cell-cell adhesion is precisely regulated by internalization of N-cadherin downstream of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor 2. Rather than promoting the generation of single, fully mesenchymal cells, this reduction of membrane N-cadherin only triggers a partial mesenchymal phenotype. This intermediate phenotype is characterized by an increase in tissue fluidity akin to a solid-like-to-fluid-like transition. This change of plasticity allows cells to migrate under physical constraints without abolishing cell cooperation required for collectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Kuriyama
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Akita City, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Eric Theveneau
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Alexandre Benedetto
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, England, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Kings College London, London SE11UL, England, UK
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Akita City, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Guillaume Charras
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, England, UK
| | - Alexandre Kabla
- Engineering Department, Mechanics and Materials Division, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
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34
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Dilokpimol A, Poulsen CP, Vereb G, Kaneko S, Schulz A, Geshi N. Galactosyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan: molecular interaction enhances enzyme activity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:90. [PMID: 24693939 PMCID: PMC4234293 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. Arabinogalactan proteins consist mainly of glycan, which is synthesized by post-translational modification of proteins in the secretory pathway. Importance of the variations in the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins for their functions has been implicated, but its biosynthetic process is poorly understood. RESULTS We have identified a novel enzyme in the biosynthesis of the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins. The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29. AtGALT29A co-expresses with other arabinogalactan GTs, AtGALT31A and AtGLCAT14A. The recombinant AtGALT29A expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated a galactosyltransferase activity, transferring galactose from UDP-galactose to a mixture of various oligosaccharides derived from arabinogalactan proteins. The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. The fluorescence tagged AtGALT29A expressed in N. benthamiana was localized to Golgi stacks where it interacted with AtGALT31A as indicated by Förster resonance energy transfer. Biochemically, the enzyme complex containing AtGALT31A and AtGALT29A could be co-immunoprecipitated and the isolated protein complex exhibited increased level of β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities compared to AtGALT29A alone. CONCLUSIONS AtGALT29A is a β-1,6-galactosyltransferase and can interact with AtGALT31A. The complex can work cooperatively to enhance the activities of adding galactose residues 6-linked to β-1,6-galactan and to β-1,3-galactan. The results provide new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins and the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiphol Dilokpimol
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, C, Denmark
- Present address: Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW, Fungal Biodiversity Center, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584, CT, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Peter Poulsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, C, Denmark
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, and MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Food Biotechnology Division, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, C, Denmark
| | - Naomi Geshi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, C, Denmark
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35
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Azzarelli R, Pacary E, Garg R, Garcez P, van den Berg D, Riou P, Ridley AJ, Friedel RH, Parsons M, Guillemot F. An antagonistic interaction between PlexinB2 and Rnd3 controls RhoA activity and cortical neuron migration. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3405. [PMID: 24572910 PMCID: PMC3939360 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A transcriptional programme initiated by the proneural factors Neurog2 and Ascl1 controls successive steps of neurogenesis in the embryonic cerebral cortex. Previous work has shown that proneural factors also confer a migratory behaviour to cortical neurons by inducing the expression of the small GTP-binding proteins such as Rnd2 and Rnd3. However, the directionality of radial migration suggests that migrating neurons also respond to extracellular signal-regulated pathways. Here we show that the Plexin B2 receptor interacts physically and functionally with Rnd3 and stimulates RhoA activity in migrating cortical neurons. Plexin B2 competes with p190RhoGAP for binding to Rnd3, thus blocking the Rnd3-mediated inhibition of RhoA and also recruits RhoGEFs to directly stimulate RhoA activity. Thus, an interaction between the cell-extrinsic Plexin signalling pathway and the cell-intrinsic Ascl1-Rnd3 pathway determines the level of RhoA activity appropriate for cortical neuron migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Azzarelli
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
- Present address: Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 197, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Emilie Pacary
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
- Present address: INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U862, Bordeaux F-33000, France or University Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la plasticité neuronale, U862, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Ritu Garg
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Patricia Garcez
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Debbie van den Berg
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Philippe Riou
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Present address: Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Anne J. Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Roland H. Friedel
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - François Guillemot
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
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Poulsen CP, Vereb G, Geshi N, Schulz A. Inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming by cytochalasin D is superior to paraformaldehyde fixation for measuring FRET between fluorescent protein-tagged Golgi components. Cytometry A 2013; 83:830-8. [PMID: 23520174 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction at the organelle level can be analyzed by using tagged proteins and assessing Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between fluorescent donor and acceptor proteins. Such studies are able to uncover partners in the regulation of proteins and enzymes. However, any organelle movement is an issue for live FRET microscopy, as the observed organelle must not change position during measurement. One of the mobile organelles in plants is the Golgi apparatus following cytoplasmic streaming. It is involved in the decoration of proteins and processing of complex glycan structures for the cell wall. Understanding of these processes is still limited, but evidence is emerging that protein-protein interaction plays a key role in the function of this organelle. In the past, mobile organelles were usually immobilized with paraformaldehyde (PFA) for FRET-based interaction studies. Here, we show that the actin inhibitor Cytochalasin D (CytD) is superior to PFA for immobilization of Golgi stacks in plant cells. Two glycosyltransferases known to interact were tagged with cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), respectively, coexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and analyzed using confocal microscopy and spectral imaging. Fixation with PFA leads to reduced emission intensity when compared to CytD treatment. Furthermore, the calculated FRET efficiency was significantly higher with CytD than with PFA. The documented improvements are beneficial for all methods measuring FRET, where immobilization of the investigated molecules is necessary. It can be expected that FRET measurement in organelles of animal cells will also benefit from the use of inhibitors acting on the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Peter Poulsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Raffaello A, De Stefani D, Sabbadin D, Teardo E, Merli G, Picard A, Checchetto V, Moro S, Szabò I, Rizzuto R. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is a multimer that can include a dominant-negative pore-forming subunit. EMBO J 2013; 32:2362-76. [PMID: 23900286 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) channel is responsible for Ruthenium Red-sensitive mitochondrial calcium uptake. Here, we demonstrate MCU oligomerization by immunoprecipitation and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and characterize a novel protein (MCUb) with two predicted transmembrane domains, 50% sequence similarity and a different expression profile from MCU. Based on computational modelling, MCUb includes critical amino-acid substitutions in the pore region and indeed MCUb does not form a calcium-permeable channel in planar lipid bilayers. In HeLa cells, MCUb is inserted into the oligomer and exerts a dominant-negative effect, reducing the [Ca(2+)]mt increases evoked by agonist stimulation. Accordingly, in vitro co-expression of MCUb with MCU drastically reduces the probability of observing channel activity in planar lipid bilayer experiments. These data unveil the structural complexity of MCU and demonstrate a novel regulatory mechanism, based on the inclusion of dominant-negative subunits in a multimeric channel, that underlies the fine control of the physiologically and pathologically relevant process of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua and CNR Neuroscience Institute, Padua, Italy
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38
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Wu F, Minteer SD. Fluorescence Characterization of Co-immobilization-Induced Multi-Enzyme Aggregation in a Polymer Matrix Using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET): Toward the Metabolon Biomimic. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2739-49. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400569k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Departments of Chemistry
and Materials Science and
Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Departments of Chemistry
and Materials Science and
Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
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Szalóki N, Doan-Xuan QM, Szöllősi J, Tóth K, Vámosi G, Bacsó Z. High throughput FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions by slide-based imaging laser scanning cytometry. Cytometry A 2013; 83:818-29. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Szalóki
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology; Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen; Nagyerdei krt. 98; H-4032; Debrecen; Hungary
| | - Quang Minh Doan-Xuan
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology; Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen; Nagyerdei krt. 98; H-4032; Debrecen; Hungary
| | | | - Katalin Tóth
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Biophysics of Macromolecules (B040); Im Neuenheimer Feld 580; D-69120; Heidelberg; Germany
| | - György Vámosi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology; Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen; Nagyerdei krt. 98; H-4032; Debrecen; Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bacsó
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology; Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen; Nagyerdei krt. 98; H-4032; Debrecen; Hungary
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Sun Y, Rombola C, Jyothikumar V, Periasamy A. Förster resonance energy transfer microscopy and spectroscopy for localizing protein-protein interactions in living cells. Cytometry A 2013; 83:780-93. [PMID: 23813736 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental theory of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was established in the 1940s. Its great power was only realized in the past 20 years after different techniques were developed and applied to biological experiments. This success was made possible by the availability of suitable fluorescent probes, advanced optics, detectors, microscopy instrumentation, and analytical tools. Combined with state-of-the-art microscopy and spectroscopy, FRET imaging allows scientists to study a variety of phenomena that produce changes in molecular proximity, thereby leading to many significant findings in the life sciences. In this review, we outline various FRET imaging techniques and their strengths and limitations; we also provide a biological model to demonstrate how to investigate protein-protein interactions in living cells using both intensity- and fluorescence lifetime-based FRET microscopy methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Sun
- The W.M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging (KCCI), Department of Biology, Physical and Life Sciences Building, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Petrás M, Lajtos T, Friedländer E, Klekner A, Pintye E, Feuerstein BG, Szöllosi J, Vereb G. Molecular interactions of ErbB1 (EGFR) and integrin-β1 in astrocytoma frozen sections predict clinical outcome and correlate with Akt-mediated in vitro radioresistance. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:1027-40. [PMID: 23595626 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of astrocytoma is frequently hampered by radioresistance of the tumor. In addition to overexpression of ErbB1/EGFR, functional crosstalk between receptor tyrosine kinases and cell adhesion molecules may also contribute to therapy resistance. METHODS Acceptor photobleaching FRET was implemented on frozen sections of clinical astrocytoma to check the role of ErbB1-integrin-β1 interaction. U251 glioma subclones were obtained by introducing extra CHR7 material or the ErbB1 gene to test the relevance and mechanism of this interaction in vitro. RESULTS Grade IV tumors showed higher ErbB1 and integrin-β1 expression and greater ErbB1-integrin-β1 heteroassociation than did grade II tumors. Of these, the extent of molecular association was a single determinant of tumor grade and prognosis in stepwise logistic regression. In vitro, integrin-β1 was upregulated, and radiosensitivity was diminished by ectopic ErbB1 expression. Great excess of ErbB1 provided colony forming advantage over medium excess but did not yield better radiation resistance or faster proliferation and decreased to medium level over time, whereas integrin-β1 levels remained elevated and defined the extent of radioresistance. Increased expression of ErbB1 and integrin-β1 was paralleled by decreasing ErbB1 homoassociation and increasing ErbB1-integrin-β1 heteroassociation. Microscopic two-sided FRET revealed that pixels with higher ErbB1-integrin-β1 heteroassociation exhibited lowed ErbB1 homoassociation, indicating competition for association partners among these molecules. Boosted Akt phosphorylation response to EGF accompanied this shift toward heteroassociation, and the consequentially increased radioresistance could be reverted by inhibiting PI3K. CONCLUSION The clinically relevant ErbB1-integrin-β1 heteroassociation may be used as a target of both predictive diagnostics and molecular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Petrás
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Roszik J, Tóth G, Szöllősi J, Vereb G. Validating pharmacological disruption of protein-protein interactions by acceptor photobleaching FRET imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 986:165-178. [PMID: 23436412 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-311-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the major targets of drug discovery and many of the new drugs are designed to exert their effect by disrupting protein-protein interactions. Validation of the inhibition of molecular interactions is generally done by biochemical methods, however, these are often not feasible when the interaction is not stable enough. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an excellent tool for determining direct molecular interactions between two molecules in the cell membrane or inside cells in their natural state. Although originally established as a flow cytometric approach, FRET has been adapted for microscopy, allowing for analysis of sub-cellular co-localization at the single cell level. In this chapter, we provide theoretical introduction to the phenomenon of FRET, and a protocol - including labeling techniques, measurement, and evaluation of microscopy images - of the simplest microscopic FRET approach, acceptor photobleaching FRET. This technique is generally usable for studying protein interactions and requires only a standard confocal laser scanning microscope. To demonstrate the value of image based FRET for testing pharmacological disruption of protein-protein interactions, we show how inhibition of the hetero-dimerization of ErbB2 and ErbB1 by the humanized monoclonal antibody pertuzumab can be validated using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Roszik
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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43
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Wang Y, Ostlund C, Choi JC, Swayne TC, Gundersen GG, Worman HJ. Blocking farnesylation of the prelamin A variant in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome alters the distribution of A-type lamins. Nucleus 2012; 3:452-62. [PMID: 22895092 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.21675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene that cause Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome lead to expression of a truncated, permanently farnesylated prelamin A variant called progerin. Blocking farnesylation leads to an improvement in the abnormal nuclear morphology observed in cells expressing progerin, which is associated with a re-localization of the variant protein from the nuclear envelope to the nuclear interior. We now show that a progerin construct that cannot be farnesylated is localized primarily in intranuclear foci and that its diffusional mobility is significantly greater than that of farnesylated progerin localized predominantly at the nuclear envelope. Expression of non-farnesylated progerin in transfected cells leads to a redistribution of lamin A and lamin C away from the nuclear envelope into intranuclear foci but does not significantly affect the localization of endogenous lamin B1 at nuclear envelope. There is a similar redistribution of lamin A and lamin C into intranuclear foci in transfected cells expressing progerin in which protein farnesylation is blocked by treatment with a protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor. Blocking farnesylation of progerin can lead to a redistribution of normal A-type lamins away from the inner nuclear envelope. This may have implications for using drugs that block protein prenylation to treat children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. These findings also provide additional evidence that A-type and B-type lamins can form separate microdomains within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Wang
- Department of Medicine; College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York, NY, USA
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Fekonja O, Benčina M, Jerala R. Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain dimers as the platform for activation and enhanced inhibition of Toll-like receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:30993-1002. [PMID: 22829600 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.376186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TIR (Toll/IL-1 receptor) domains mediate interactions between TLR (Toll-like) or IL-1 family receptors and signaling adapters. While homotypic TIR domain interactions mediate receptor activation they are also usurped by microbial TIR domain containing proteins for immunosuppression. Here we show the role of a dimerized TIR domain platform for the suppression as well as for the activation of MyD88 signaling pathway. Coiled-coil dimerization domain, present in many bacterial TCPs, potently augments suppression of TLR/IL-1R signaling. The addition of a strong coiled-coil dimerization domain conferred the superior inhibition against the wide spectrum of TLRs and prevented the constitutive activation by a dimeric TIR platform. We propose a molecular model of MyD88-mediated signaling based on the dimerization of TIR domains as the limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ota Fekonja
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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45
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Wang L, Wang Y, Ragauskas AJ. Determination of cellulase colocalization on cellulose fiber with quantitative FRET measured by acceptor photobleaching and spectrally unmixing fluorescence microscopy. Analyst 2012; 137:1319-24. [PMID: 22311108 DOI: 10.1039/c2an15938d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The determination of cellulase distribution on the surface of cellulose fiber is an important parameter to understand when determining the interaction between cellulase and cellulose and/or the cooperation of different types of cellulases during the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. In this communication, a strategy is presented to quantitatively determine the cellulase colocalization using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) methodology, which is based on acceptor photobleaching and spectrally unmixing fluorescence microscopy. FRET monitoring of cellulase colocalization was achieved by labeling cellulases with an appropriate pair of FRET dyes and by adopting an appropriate FRET model. We describe here that the adapted acceptor photobleaching FRET method can be successfully used to quantify cellulase colocalization regarding their binding to a cellulose fiber at a resolution <10 nm. This developed quantitative FRET method is promising for further studying the interactions between cellulase and cellulose and between different types of cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- BioEnergy Science Center, Institute of Paper Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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46
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Roszik J, Sebestyén Z, Govers C, Guri Y, Szöor A, Pályi-Krekk Z, Vereb G, Nagy P, Szöllosi J, Debets R. T-cell synapse formation depends on antigen recognition but not CD3 interaction: studies with TCR:ζ, a candidate transgene for TCR gene therapy. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:1288-97. [PMID: 21469084 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200940233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptors (TCRs) can be genetically modified to improve gene-engineered T-cell responses, a strategy considered critical for the success of clinical TCR gene therapy to treat cancers. TCR:ζ, which is a heterodimer of TCRα and β chains each coupled to complete human CD3ζ, overcomes issues of mis-pairing with endogenous TCR chains, shows high surface expression and mediates antigen-specific T-cell functions in vitro. In the current study, we further characterized TCR:ζ in gene-engineered T cells and assessed whether this receptor is able to interact with surface molecules and drive correct synapse formation in Jurkat T cells. The results showed that TCR:ζ mediates the formation of synaptic areas with antigen-positive target cells, interacts closely with CD8α and MHC class I (MHCI), and co-localizes with CD28, CD45 and lipid rafts, similar to WT TCR. TCR:ζ did not closely associate with endogenous CD3ε, despite its co-presence in immune synapses, and TCR:ζ showed enhanced synaptic accumulation in T cells negative for surface-expressed TCR molecules. Notably, synaptic TCR:ζ demonstrated lowered densities when compared with TCR in dual TCR T cells, a phenomenon that was related to both extracellular and intracellular CD3ζ domains present in the TCR:ζ molecule and responsible for enlarged synapse areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Roszik
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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47
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Lu SW, Hu JW, Liu BR, Lee CY, Li JF, Chou JC, Lee HJ. Arginine-rich intracellular delivery peptides synchronously deliver covalently and noncovalently linked proteins into plant cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2288-2294. [PMID: 20092251 DOI: 10.1021/jf903039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein transduction domains (PTDs) are small peptides with a high content of basic amino acids, and they are responsible for cellular uptake. Many PTDs, including arginine-rich intracellular delivery (AID) peptides, have been shown to transport macromolecules across membranes and into cells. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that AID peptides could rapidly and efficiently deliver proteins into plant cells in both covalent and noncovalent protein transductions (CNPT) simultaneously. The optimal molecular ratio between an AID peptide carrier and cargo in CNPT was about 3:1. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis revealed protein-protein interactions between AID peptide carriers and cargos after CNPT in cells. The possible mechanisms of AID peptides-mediated cellular entry might involve a combination of multiple internalization pathways. Therefore, applications by AID peptide-mediated CNPT may provide a simple and direct transport strategy for delivering two proteins in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wan Lu
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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Roszik J, Lisboa D, Szöllosi J, Vereb G. Evaluation of intensity-based ratiometric FRET in image cytometry--approaches and a software solution. Cytometry A 2009; 75:761-7. [PMID: 19591240 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intensity-based ratiometric FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) method is a powerful technique for following molecular interactions in living cells. Since it is not based on irreversibly destroying the donor or the acceptor fluorophores, the time course of changes in FRET efficiency values can be monitored by this method. ImageJ, a sophisticated software tool for many types of image processing allows users to extend it with programs for various purposes. Implementing intensity-based ratiometric FRET with ImageJ vastly enhances the applicability of the FRET method. We developed an efficient ImageJ plugin, RiFRET, which calculates FRET efficiency on a pixel-by-pixel basis from ratiometric FRET images. It allows the user to correct for channel cross-talk (bleed-through) and to calculate FRET from image stacks, i.e., from 3D data sets. Semiautomatic processing for larger datasets is also included in the program. Furthermore, several options for calibrating FRET efficiency calculations were tested and their applicability to various expression systems is discussed. Although the ratiometric FRET method is widely applied, our plugin is the first freely available software for evaluating such FRET data. The program is user friendly and provides reliable, standardized results.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Roszik
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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49
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Ostlund C, Folker ES, Choi JC, Gomes ER, Gundersen GG, Worman HJ. Dynamics and molecular interactions of linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex proteins. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:4099-108. [PMID: 19843581 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.057075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is situated in the nuclear envelope and forms a connection between the lamina and cytoskeletal elements. Sun1, Sun2 and nesprin-2 are important components of the LINC complex. We expressed these proteins fused to green fluorescent protein in embryonic fibroblasts and studied their diffusional mobilities using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. We show that they all are more mobile in embryonic fibroblasts from mice lacking A-type lamins than in cells from wild-type mice. Knockdown of Sun2 also increased the mobility of a short, chimeric form of nesprin-2 giant (mini-nesprin-2G), whereas the lack of emerin did not affect the mobility of Sun1, Sun2 or mini-nesprin-2G. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments showed Sun1 to be more closely associated with lamin A than is Sun2. Sun1 and Sun2 had similar affinity for the nesprin-2 KASH domain in plasmon surface resonance (Biacore) experiments. This affinity was ten times higher than that previously reported between nesprin-2 and actin. Deletion of the actin-binding domain had no effect on mini-nesprin-2G mobility. Our data support a model in which A-type lamins and Sun2 anchor nesprin-2 in the outer nuclear membrane, whereas emerin, Sun1 and actin are dispensable for this anchoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ostlund
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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