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Taylor O, DeGroff N, El-Hodiri H, Gao C, Fischer AJ. Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling regulates the ability of Müller glia to become neurogenic, proliferating progenitor-like cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.06.606815. [PMID: 39149287 PMCID: PMC11326190 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.06.606815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of these studies is to investigate how Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates glial phenotype, dedifferentiation of Müller glia (MG), reprogramming into proliferating MG-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs), and neuronal differentiation of the progeny of MGPCs. We found that S1P-related genes are highly expressed by retinal neurons and glia, and levels of expression were dynamically regulated following retinal damage. S1PR1 is highly expressed by resting MG and is rapidly downregulated following acute retinal damage. Drug treatments that activate S1PR1 or increase levels of S1P suppressed the formation of MGPCs, whereas treatments that inhibit S1PR1 or decreased levels of S1P stimulated the formation of MGPCs. Inhibition of S1PR1 or SPHK1 significantly enhanced the neuronal differentiation of the progeny of MGPCs. Further, ablation of microglia from the retina, wherein the formation of MGPCs in damaged retinas is impaired, has a significant impact upon expression patterns of S1P-related genes in MG. Inhibition of S1PR1 and SPHK1 partially rescued the formation of MGPCs in damaged retinas missing microglia. Finally, we show that TGFβ/Smad3 signaling in the resting retina maintains S1PR1 expression in MG. We conclude that the S1P signaling is dynamically regulated in MG and MGPCs and activation of S1P signaling depends, in part, on signals produced by reactive microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Taylor
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas DeGroff
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Heithem El-Hodiri
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chengyu Gao
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andy J. Fischer
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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2
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Liu J, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Fu R, Hua S, Xu S. Astrocytes in ischemic stroke: Crosstalk in central nervous system and therapeutic potential. Neuropathology 2024; 44:3-20. [PMID: 37345225 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), a large group of glial cells called astrocytes play important roles in both physiological and disease conditions. Astrocytes participate in the formation of neurovascular units and interact closely with other cells of the CNS, such as microglia and neurons. Stroke is a global disease with high mortality and disability rate, most of which are ischemic stroke. Significant strides in understanding astrocytes have been made over the past few decades. Astrocytes respond strongly to ischemic stroke through a process known as activation or reactivity. Given the important role played by reactive astrocytes (RAs) in different spatial and temporal aspects of ischemic stroke, there is a growing interest in the potential therapeutic role of astrocytes. Currently, interventions targeting astrocytes, such as mediating astrocyte polarization, reducing edema, regulating glial scar formation, and reprogramming astrocytes, have been proven in modulating the progression of ischemic stroke. The aforementioned potential interventions on astrocytes and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other cells of the CNS will be summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueling Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunsha Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyu Hua
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
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3
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Xu G, Dong F, Su L, Tan ZX, Lei M, Li L, Wen D, Zhang F. The role and therapeutic potential of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116140. [PMID: 38211425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a prevalent cerebrovascular condition with a global impact, causing significant rates of illness and death. Despite extensive research, the available treatment options for stroke remain restricted. Hence, it is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the onset and advancement of stroke in order to establish a theoretical foundation for novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. NF-κB, also known as nuclear factor κB, is a transcription factor responsible for controlling the expression of numerous genes and plays a crucial role in diverse physiological processes. NF-κB is triggered and regulates neuroinflammation and other processes after stroke, promoting the generation of cytokine storms and contributing to the advancement of ischemic stroke (IS). Therefore, NF-κB could potentially play a vital role in stroke by regulating diverse pathophysiological processes. This review provides an overview of the functions of NF-κB in stroke and its governing mechanisms. In addition, our attention is directed towards various potential therapies that aim to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway in order to offer valuable insights for the advancement of innovative treatment approaches for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Mingcheng Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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Abramczyk J, Milkiewicz M, Hula B, Milkiewicz P, Kempinska-Podhorodecka A. The Role of hsa-miR-125b-5p Interaction with S1P/Ceramide Axis in the Potential Development of Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119175. [PMID: 37298127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterised by the co-occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases, particularly ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated how the interaction of miR-125b with the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/ceramide axis may predispose patients with PSC, PSC/UC, and UC to carcinogenesis in the ascending and sigmoid colons. The overexpression of miR-125b was accompanied by the upregulation of S1P, ceramide synthases, ceramide kinases, and the downregulation of AT-rich interaction domain 2 in the ascending colon of PSC/UC, which contributed to the progression of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) colorectal carcinoma. We also showed that the overexpression of sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) and the genes involved in the glycolytic pathway in the sigmoid colon of UC led to the upregulation of Interleukin 17 (IL-17). In vitro stimulation of human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2, HT-29, and NCM460D) with lipopolysaccharide suppressed miR-125b and increased proinflammatory cytokines, whereas the induction of miR-125b activity by either a miR-125b mimetic or lithocholic acid resulted in the inhibition of miR-125b targets. In summary, miR-125b overexpression was associated with an imbalance in the S1P/ceramide axis that can lead to MSI-H cancer progression in PSC/UC. Furthermore, SPHK2 overexpression and a change in the cellular metabolic flux are important players in inflammation-associated colon cancer in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Abramczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Milkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Hula
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Youssef NS, Elzatony AS, Abdel Baky NA. Diacerein attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting ER stress and apoptosis: Impact on the crosstalk between SphK1/S1P, TLR4/NFκB/STAT3, and NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathways. Life Sci 2022; 308:120915. [PMID: 36055546 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening clinical problem with high mortality rate and limited treatments or preventive options that represents a major challenge for clinicians. Diacerein (DIA) is a multi-target anthraquinone derivative with potent anti-inflammatory action. The aim of this study is to assess the protective effect of DIA and its potential molecular targets against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administrated DIA (50 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5mg/kg). KEY FINDINGS DIA mitigated oxidative lung injury in LPS-challenged rats via significantly decreasing lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, inflammatory cells infiltration, and lipid peroxidation, with concomitant elevation in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in lung tissue. Likewise, DIA alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress and markedly halted inflammation triggered by LPS challenge in pulmonary tissue by suppressing NLRP3/IL-1β and TLR4/NF-κB signaling with parallel decrease in proinflammatory cytokine levels. Interestingly, DIA down regulated Sphk1/S1P axis, reduced GSK-3β and STAT3 proteins expression, and markedly decreased caspase-3 besides increasing Bcl-2 levels in lung tissue of LPS-challenged animals. These biochemical findings was simultaneously associated with marked improvement in histological alterations of lung tissue. SIGNIFICANCE These findings verify the protective effect of DIA against LPS-induced ALI through targeting oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Importantly, DIA halted the hyperinflammatory state triggered by LPS via multi-faceted inhibitory effect on different signaling pathways, hence DIA could potentially reduce mortality in patients with ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa Salah Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Sameer Elzatony
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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6
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S1P-Induced TNF-α and IL-6 Release from PBMCs Exacerbates Lung Cancer-Associated Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162524. [PMID: 36010601 PMCID: PMC9406848 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in inflammatory signaling/s associated with the development of respiratory disorders, including cancer. However, the underlying mechanism/s are still elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of S1P on circulating blood cells obtained from healthy volunteers and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. To pursue our goal, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stimulated with S1P. We found that the administration of S1P did not induce healthy PBMCs to release pro-inflammatory cytokines. In sharp contrast, S1P significantly increased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 from lung cancer-derived PBMCs. This effect was S1P receptor 3 (S1PR3)-dependent. The pharmacological blockade of ceramidase and sphingosine kinases (SPHKs), key enzymes for S1P synthesis, completely reduced the release of both TNF-α and IL-6 after S1P addition on lung cancer-derived PBMCs. Interestingly, S1P-induced IL-6, but not TNF-α, release from lung cancer-derived PBMCs was mTOR- and K-Ras-dependent, while NF-κB was not involved. These data identify S1P as a bioactive lipid mediator in a chronic inflammation-driven diseases such as NSCLC. In particular, the higher presence of S1P could orchestrate the cytokine milieu in NSCLC, highlighting S1P as a pro-tumor driver.
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7
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Korunes KL, Liu J, Huang R, Xia M, Houck KA, Corton JC. A gene expression biomarker for predictive toxicology to identify chemical modulators of NF-κB. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261854. [PMID: 35108274 PMCID: PMC8809623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor with important roles in inflammation, immune response, and oncogenesis. Dysregulation of NF-κB signaling is associated with inflammation and certain cancers. We developed a gene expression biomarker predictive of NF-κB modulation and used the biomarker to screen a large compendia of gene expression data. The biomarker consists of 108 genes responsive to tumor necrosis factor α in the absence but not the presence of IκB, an inhibitor of NF-κB. Using a set of 450 profiles from cells treated with immunomodulatory factors with known NF-κB activity, the balanced accuracy for prediction of NF-κB activation was > 90%. The biomarker was used to screen a microarray compendium consisting of 12,061 microarray comparisons from human cells exposed to 2,672 individual chemicals to identify chemicals that could cause toxic effects through NF-κB. There were 215 and 49 chemicals that were identified as putative or known NF-κB activators or suppressors, respectively. NF-κB activators were also identified using two high-throughput screening assays; 165 out of the ~3,800 chemicals (ToxCast assay) and 55 out of ~7,500 unique compounds (Tox21 assay) were identified as potential activators. A set of 32 chemicals not previously associated with NF-κB activation and which partially overlapped between the different screens were selected for validation in wild-type and NFKB1-null HeLa cells. Using RT-qPCR and targeted RNA-Seq, 31 of the 32 chemicals were confirmed to be NF-κB activators. These results comprehensively identify a set of chemicals that could cause toxic effects through NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine L. Korunes
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keith A. Houck
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - J. Christopher Corton
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Kim JH, Afridi R, Han J, Jung HG, Kim SC, Hwang EM, Shim HS, Ryu H, Choe Y, Hoe HS, Suk K. Gamma subunit of complement component 8 is a neuroinflammation inhibitor. Brain 2021; 144:528-552. [PMID: 33382892 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is part of the innate immune system that comprises several small proteins activated by sequential cleavages. The majority of these complement components, such as components 3a (C3a) and C5a, are chemotactic and pro-inflammatory. However, in this study, we revealed an inhibitory role of complement component 8 gamma (C8G) in neuroinflammation. In patients with Alzheimer's disease, who exhibit strong neuroinflammation, we found higher C8G levels in brain tissue, CSF, and plasma. Our novel findings also showed that the expression level of C8G increases in the inflamed mouse brain, and that C8G is mainly localized to brain astrocytes. Experiments using recombinant C8G protein and shRNA-mediated knockdown showed that C8G inhibits glial hyperactivation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline in acute and chronic animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, we identified sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) as a novel interaction protein of C8G and demonstrated that astrocyte-derived C8G interacts with S1PR2 to antagonize the pro-inflammatory action of S1P in microglia. Taken together, our results reveal the previously unrecognized role of C8G as a neuroinflammation inhibitor. Our findings pave the way towards therapeutic containment of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Gug Jung
- Center for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chan Kim
- Center for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Center for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shim
- Center for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youngshik Choe
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Mitrofanova A, Drexler Y, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Role of Sphingolipid Signaling in Glomerular Diseases: Focus on DKD and FSGS. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2020; 1:56-69. [PMID: 32914148 PMCID: PMC7480905 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.1.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are well-recognized as major players in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including chronic kidney disease. The kidney is a very sensitive organ to alterations in sphingolipid metabolism. The critical issues to be addressed in this review relate to the role of sphingolipids and enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases with a special focus on podocytes, a key cellular component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Among several sphingolipids, we will highlight the role of ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide-1-phosphate. Additionally, we will summarize the current knowledge with regard to the use of sphingolipids as therapeutic agents for the treatment of podocyte injury in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yelena Drexler
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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10
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Riboni L, Abdel Hadi L, Navone SE, Guarnaccia L, Campanella R, Marfia G. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in the Tumor Microenvironment: A Signaling Hub Regulating Cancer Hallmarks. Cells 2020; 9:E337. [PMID: 32024090 PMCID: PMC7072483 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a key hub of malignant properties, the cancer microenvironment plays a crucial role intimately connected to tumor properties. Accumulating evidence supports that the lysophospholipid sphingosine-1-phosphate acts as a key signal in the cancer extracellular milieu. In this review, we have a particular focus on glioblastoma, representative of a highly aggressive and deleterious neoplasm in humans. First, we highlight recent advances and emerging concepts for how tumor cells and different recruited normal cells contribute to the sphingosine-1-phosphate enrichment in the cancer microenvironment. Then, we describe and discuss how sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling contributes to favor cancer hallmarks including enhancement of proliferation, stemness, invasion, death resistance, angiogenesis, immune evasion and, possibly, aberrant metabolism. We also discuss the potential of how sphingosine-1-phosphate control mechanisms are coordinated across distinct cancer microenvironments. Further progress in understanding the role of S1P signaling in cancer will depend crucially on increasing knowledge of its participation in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Riboni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Loubna Abdel Hadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Laura Guarnaccia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy (L.G.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy (L.G.)
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11
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Schneider G. S1P Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:129-153. [PMID: 32030688 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), together with other phosphosphingolipids, has been found to regulate complex cellular function in the tumor microenvironment (TME) where it acts as a signaling molecule that participates in cell-cell communication. S1P, through intracellular and extracellular signaling, was found to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis; it also regulates anticancer immune response, modulates inflammation, and promotes angiogenesis. Interestingly, cancer cells are capable of releasing S1P and thus modifying the behavior of the TME components in a way that contributes to tumor growth and progression. Therefore, S1P is considered an important therapeutic target, and several anticancer therapies targeting S1P signaling are being developed and tested in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Schneider
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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12
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Tian X, Xie G, Ding F, Zhou X. LPS-induced MMP-9 expression is mediated through the MAPKs-AP-1 dependent mechanism in BEAS-2B and U937 cells. Exp Lung Res 2018; 44:217-225. [PMID: 30468094 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2018.1493551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guogang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fengming Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Shi W, Zhai C, Feng W, Wang J, Zhu Y, Li S, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Yan X, Chai L, Liu P, Chen Y, Li M. Resveratrol inhibits monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling by suppression of SphK1-mediated NF-κB activation. Life Sci 2018; 210:140-149. [PMID: 30179628 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) inducing pulmonary vascular remodeling and resveratrol suppressing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). MATERIAL AND METHODS monocrotaline (MCT) was used to induce PAH in rats. The right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI) and histological analyses including hematoxylin and eosin staining, the percentage of medial wall thickness (%MT), α-SMA staining and Ki67 staining were performed to evaluate the development of PAH. Protein levels of SphK1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)-p65 and cyclin D1 were determined using immunoblotting. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) concentration was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY FINDINGS SphK1 protein level, S1P production, NF-κB activation and cyclin D1 expression were significantly increased in MCT-induced PAH rats. Inhibition of SphK1 by PF543 suppressed S1P synthesis and NF-κB activation and down-regulated cyclin D1 expression in PAH rats. Suppression of NF-κB by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) also reduced cyclin D1 expression in PAH model. Treatment of PAH rats with either PF543 or PDTC dramatically decreased RVSP, RVHI and %MT and reduced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation and pulmonary vessel muscularization. In addition, resveratrol effectively inhibited the development of PAH by suppression of SphK1/S1P-mediated NF-κB activation and subsequent cyclin D1 expression. SIGNIFICANCE SphK1/S1P signaling induces the development of PAH by activation of NF-κB and subsequent up-regulation of cyclin D1 expression. Resveratrol inhibits the MCT-induced PAH by targeting on SphK1 and reverses the downstream changes of SphK1, indicating that resveratrol might be a therapeutic agent for the prevention of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Limin Chai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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14
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Hutami IR, Izawa T, Mino-Oka A, Shinohara T, Mori H, Iwasa A, Tanaka E. Fas/S1P 1 crosstalk via NF-κB activation in osteoclasts controls subchondral bone remodeling in murine TMJ arthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1274-1281. [PMID: 28687489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced turnover of subchondral trabecular bone is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and it results from an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation activities. To investigate the formation and activation of osteoclasts which mediate bone resorption, a Fas-deficient MRL/lpr mouse model which spontaneously develops autoimmune arthritis and exhibits decreased bone mass was studied. Various assays were performed on subchondral trabecular bone of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) from MRL/lpr mice and MRL+/+ mice. Initially, greater osteoclast production was observed in vitro from bone marrow macrophages obtained from MRL/lpr mice due to enhanced phosphorylation of NF-κB, as well as Akt and MAPK, to receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) was also significantly upregulated in the condylar cartilage. S1P1 was found to be required for S1P-induced migration of osteoclast precursor cells and downstream signaling via Rac1. When SN50, a synthetic NF-κB-inhibitory peptide, was applied to the MRL/lpr mice, subchondral trabecular bone loss was reduced and both production of osteoclastogenesis markers and sphingosine kinase (Sphk) 1/S1P1 signaling were reduced. Thus, the present results suggest that Fas/S1P1 signaling via activation of NF-κB in osteoclast precursor cells is a key factor in the pathogenesis of RA in the TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islamy Rahma Hutami
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
| | - Takashi Izawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan.
| | - Akiko Mino-Oka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
| | - Takehiro Shinohara
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mori
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
| | - Akihiko Iwasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 7708504, Japan
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15
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Rodriguez YI, Campos LE, Castro MG, Aladhami A, Oskeritzian CA, Alvarez SE. Sphingosine-1 Phosphate: A New Modulator of Immune Plasticity in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2016; 6:218. [PMID: 27800303 PMCID: PMC5066089 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, increasing evidences demonstrate a strong link between sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and both normal physiology and progression of different diseases, including cancer and inflammation. Indeed, numerous studies show that tissue levels of this sphingolipid metabolite are augmented in many cancers, affecting survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread. Recent insights into the possible role of S1P as a therapeutic target has attracted enormous attention and opened new opportunities in this evolving field. In this review, we will focus on the role of S1P in cancer, with particular emphasis in new developments that highlight the many functions of this sphingolipid in the tumor microenvironment. We will discuss how S1P modulates phenotypic plasticity of macrophages and mast cells, tumor-induced immune evasion, differentiation and survival of immune cells in the tumor milieu, interaction between cancer and stromal cells, and hypoxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamila I Rodriguez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis (IMIBIO-SL) CONICET , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Ludmila E Campos
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis (IMIBIO-SL) CONICET , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Melina G Castro
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis (IMIBIO-SL) CONICET , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Ahmed Aladhami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC , USA
| | - Carole A Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC , USA
| | - Sergio E Alvarez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis (IMIBIO-SL) CONICET, San Luis, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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16
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Vogt D, Stark H. Therapeutic Strategies and Pharmacological Tools Influencing S1P Signaling and Metabolism. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:3-51. [PMID: 27480072 DOI: 10.1002/med.21402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades the study of the sphingolipid anabolic, catabolic, and signaling pathways has attracted enormous interest. Especially the introduction of fingolimod into market as first p.o. therapeutic for the treatment of multiple sclerosis has boosted this effect. Although the complex regulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and other catabolic and anabolic sphingosine-related compounds is not fully understood, the influence on different (patho)physiological states from inflammation to cytotoxicity as well as the availability of versatile pharmacological tools that represent new approaches to study these states are described. Here, we have summarized various aspects concerning the many faces of sphingolipid function modulation by different pharmacological tools up to clinical candidates. Due to the immense heterogeneity of physiological or pharmacological actions and complex cross regulations, it is difficult to predict their role in upcoming therapeutic approaches. Currently, inflammatory, immunological, and/or antitumor aspects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Vogt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Blankenbach KV, Schwalm S, Pfeilschifter J, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2 Antagonists: Therapeutic Potential and Potential Risks. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:167. [PMID: 27445808 PMCID: PMC4914510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling system with its specific G-protein-coupled S1P receptors, the enzymes of S1P metabolism and the S1P transporters, offers a multitude of promising targets for drug development. Until today, drug development in this area has nearly exclusively focused on (functional) antagonists at the S1P1 receptor, which cause a unique phenotype of immunomodulation. Accordingly, the first-in class S1P1 receptor modulator, fingolimod, has been approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and novel S1P1 receptor (functional) antagonists are being developed for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus erythematodes, or polymyositis. Besides the S1P1 receptor, also S1P2 and S1P3 are widely expressed and regulate many diverse functions throughout the body. The S1P2 receptor, in particular, often exerts cellular functions which are opposed to the functions of the S1P1 receptor. As a consequence, antagonists at the S1P2 receptor have the potential to be useful in a contrasting context and different areas of indication compared to S1P1 antagonists. The present review will focus on the therapeutic potential of S1P2 receptor antagonists and discuss their opportunities as well as their potential risks. Open questions and areas which require further investigations will be emphasized in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira V Blankenbach
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schwalm
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Chawla S, Rahar B, Saxena S. S1P prophylaxis mitigates acute hypobaric hypoxia-induced molecular, biochemical, and metabolic disturbances: A preclinical report. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:365-75. [PMID: 26959531 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is emerging to have hypoxic preconditioning potential in various preclinical studies. The study aims to evaluate the preclinical preconditioning efficacy of exogenously administered S1P against acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH)-induced pathological disturbances. Male Sprague Dawley rats (200 ± 20 g) were preconditioned with 1, 10, and 100 μg/kg body weight (b.w.) S1P (i.v.) for three consecutive days. On the third day, S1P preconditioned animals, along with hypoxia control animals, were exposed to HH equivalent to 7,620 m (280 mm Hg) for 6 h. Postexposure status of cardiac energy production, circulatory vasoactive mediators, pulmonary and cerebral oxidative damage, and inflammation were assessed. HH exposure led to cardiac energy deficit indicated by low ATP levels and pronounced AMPK activation levels, raised circulatory levels of brain natriuretic peptide and endothelin-1 with respect to total nitrate (NOx), redox imbalance, inflammation, and alterations in NOx levels in the pulmonary and cerebral tissues. These pathological precursors have been routinely reported to be coincident with high-altitude diseases. Preconditioning with S1P, especially 1 µg/kg b.w. dose, was seen to reverse the manifestation of these pathological disturbances. The protective efficacy could be attributed, at least in part, to enhanced activity of cardioprotective protein kinase C and activation of small GTPase Rac1, which led to further induction of hypoxia-adaptive molecular mediators: hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and Hsp70. This is a first such report, to the best of our knowledge, elucidating the mechanism of exogenous S1P-mediated HIF-1α/Hsp70 induction. Conclusively, systemic preconditioning with 1 μg/kg b.w. S1P in rats protects against acute HH-induced pathological disturbances. © 2016 IUBMB Life 68(5):365-375, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Chawla
- Experimental Biology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Babita Rahar
- Experimental Biology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Saxena
- Experimental Biology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
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19
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ER stress stimulates production of the key antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin, by forming a previously unidentified intracellular S1P signaling complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1334-42. [PMID: 26903652 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504555113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a previously unidentified sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling mechanism that stimulates production of a key innate immune element, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP), in mammalian cells exposed to external perturbations, such as UVB irradiation and other oxidative stressors that provoke subapoptotic levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, independent of the well-known vitamin D receptor-dependent mechanism. ER stress increases cellular ceramide and one of its distal metabolites, S1P, which activates NF-κB followed by C/EBPα activation, leading to CAMP production, but in a S1P receptor-independent fashion. We now show that S1P activates NF-κB through formation of a previously unidentified signaling complex, consisting of S1P, TRAF2, and RIP1 that further associates with three stress-responsive proteins; i.e., heat shock proteins (GRP94 and HSP90α) and IRE1α. S1P specifically interacts with the N-terminal domain of heat shock proteins. Because this ER stress-initiated mechanism is operative in both epithelial cells and macrophages, it appears to be a universal, highly conserved response, broadly protective against diverse external perturbations that lead to increased ER stress. Finally, these studies further illuminate how ER stress and S1P orchestrate critical stress-specific signals that regulate production of one protective response by stimulating production of the key innate immune element, CAMP.
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20
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Zhou K, Blom T. Trafficking and Functions of Bioactive Sphingolipids: Lessons from Cells and Model Membranes. Lipid Insights 2015; 8:11-20. [PMID: 26715852 PMCID: PMC4685176 DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s31615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and sphingosine and their phosphorylated counterparts are recognized as "bioactive sphingolipids" and modulate membrane integrity, the activity of enzymes, or act as ligands of G protein-coupled receptors. The subcellular distribution of the bioactive sphingolipids is central to their function as the same lipid can mediate diametrically opposite effects depending on its location. To ensure that these lipids are present in the right amount and in the appropriate organelles, cells employ selective lipid transport and compartmentalize sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes to characteristic subcellular sites. Our knowledge of key mechanisms involved in sphingolipid signaling and trafficking has increased substantially in the past decades-thanks to advances in biochemical and cell biological methods. In this review, we focus on the bioactive sphingolipids and discuss how the combination of studies in cells and in model membranes have contributed to our understanding of how they behave and function in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Blom
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Filamin A Expression Negatively Regulates Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Induced NF-κB Activation in Melanoma Cells by Inhibition of Akt Signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 36:320-9. [PMID: 26552704 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00554-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid mediator that regulates many processes in inflammation and cancer. S1P is a ligand for five G-protein-coupled receptors, S1PR1 to -5, and also has important intracellular actions. Previously, we showed that intracellular S1P is involved in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-induced NF-κB activation in melanoma cell lines that express filamin A (FLNA). Here, we show that extracellular S1P activates NF-κB only in melanoma cells that lack FLNA. In these cells, S1P, but not TNF, promotes IκB kinase (IKK) and p65 phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and NF-κB reporter activity. NF-κB activation induced by S1P was mediated via S1PR1 and S1PR2. Exogenous S1P enhanced the phosphorylation of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), and its downregulation reduced S1P-induced the phosphorylation of IKK and p65. In addition, silencing of Bcl10 also inhibited S1P-induced IKK phosphorylation. Surprisingly, S1P reduced Akt activation in melanoma cells that express FLNA, whereas in the absence of FLNA, high phosphorylation levels of Akt were maintained, enabling S1P-mediated NF-κB signaling. In accord, inhibition of Akt suppressed S1P-mediated IKK and p65 phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Hence, these results support a negative role of FLNA in S1P-mediated NF-κB activation in melanoma cells through modulation of Akt.
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22
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Hoffmann FS, Hofereiter J, Rübsamen H, Melms J, Schwarz S, Faber H, Weber P, Pütz B, Loleit V, Weber F, Hohlfeld R, Meinl E, Krumbholz M. Fingolimod induces neuroprotective factors in human astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:184. [PMID: 26419927 PMCID: PMC4589103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fingolimod (FTY720) is the first sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The phosphorylated active metabolite FTY720-phosphate (FTY-P) interferes with lymphocyte trafficking. In addition, it accumulates in the CNS and reduces brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS), and neuroprotective effects are hypothesized. Methods Human primary astrocytes as well as human astrocytoma cells were stimulated with FTY-P or S1P. We analyzed gene expression by a genome-wide microarray and validated induced candidate genes by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ELISA. To identify the S1P-receptor subtypes involved, we applied a membrane-impermeable S1P analog (dihydro-S1P), receptor subtype specific agonists and antagonists, as well as RNAi silencing. Results FTY-P induced leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin 11 (IL11), and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) mRNA, as well as secretion of LIF and IL11 protein. In order to mimic an inflammatory milieu as observed in active MS lesions, we combined FTY-P application with tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In the presence of this key inflammatory cytokine, FTY-P synergistically induced LIF, HBEGF, and IL11 mRNA, as well as secretion of LIF and IL11 protein. TNF itself induced inflammatory, B-cell promoting, and antiviral factors (CXCL10, BAFF, MX1, and OAS2). Their induction was blocked by FTY-P. After continuous exposure of cells to FTY-P or S1P for up to 7 days, the extent of induction of neurotrophic factors and the suppression of TNF-induced inflammatory genes declined but was still detectable. The induction of neurotrophic factors was mediated via surface S1P receptors 1 (S1PR1) and 3 (S1PR3). Conclusions We identified effects of FTY-P on astrocytes, namely induction of neurotrophic mediators (LIF, HBEGF, and IL11) and inhibition of TNF-induced inflammatory genes (CXCL10, BAFF, MX1, and OAS2). This supports the view that a part of the effects of fingolimod may be mediated via astrocytes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0393-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska S Hoffmann
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johann Hofereiter
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Heike Rübsamen
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Melms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Technical University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Schwarz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Technical University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Hans Faber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Peter Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Verena Loleit
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Frank Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Krumbholz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Center of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Asghar MY, Magnusson M, Kemppainen K, Sukumaran P, Löf C, Pulli I, Kalhori V, Törnquist K. Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 1 (TRPC1) Channels as Regulators of Sphingolipid and VEGF Receptor Expression: IMPLICATIONS FOR THYROID CANCER CELL MIGRATION AND PROLIFERATION. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16116-31. [PMID: 25971967 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.643668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The identity of calcium channels in the thyroid is unclear. In human follicular thyroid ML-1 cancer cells, sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), through S1P receptors 1 and 3 (S1P1/S1P3), and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) stimulates migration. We show that human thyroid cells express several forms of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels, including TRPC1. In TRPC1 knockdown (TRPC1-KD) ML-1 cells, the basal and S1P-evoked invasion and migration was attenuated. Furthermore, the expression of S1P3 and VEGFR2 was significantly down-regulated. Transfecting wild-type ML-1 cells with a nonconducting TRPC1 mutant decreased S1P3 and VEGFR2 expression. In TRPC1-KD cells, receptor-operated calcium entry was decreased. To investigate whether the decreased receptor expression was due to attenuated calcium entry, cells were incubated with the calcium chelator BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid). In these cells, and in cells where calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent kinase were blocked pharmacologically, S1P3 and VEGFR2 expression was decreased. In TRPC1-KD cells, both hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression and the secretion and activity of MMP2 and MMP9 were attenuated, and proliferation was decreased in TRPC1-KD cells. This was due to a prolonged G1 phase of the cell cycle, a significant increase in the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, and a decrease in the expression of cyclin D2, cyclin D3, and CDK6. Transfecting TRPC1 to TRPC1-KD cells rescued receptor expression, migration, and proliferation. Thus, the expression of S1P3 and VEGFR2 is mediated by a calcium-dependent mechanism. TRPC1 has a crucial role in this process. This regulation is important for the invasion, migration, and proliferation of thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Magnusson
- From the Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Kemppainen
- From the Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58201
| | - Christoffer Löf
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland, and
| | - Ilari Pulli
- From the Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Veronica Kalhori
- From the Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland, the Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00270 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kid Törnquist
- From the Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland, the Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00270 Helsinki, Finland
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Pulli I, Blom T, Löf C, Magnusson M, Rimessi A, Pinton P, Törnquist K. A novel chimeric aequorin fused with caveolin-1 reveals a sphingosine kinase 1-regulated Ca²⁺ microdomain in the caveolar compartment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2173-82. [PMID: 25892494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations enriched in sterols and sphingolipids. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) is an oncogenic protein that converts sphingosine to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which is a messenger molecule involved in calcium signaling. Caveolae contain calcium responsive proteins, but the effects of SK1 or S1P on caveolar calcium signaling have not been investigated. We generated a Caveolin-1-Aequorin fusion protein (Cav1-Aeq) that can be employed for monitoring the local calcium concentration at the caveolae ([Ca²⁺]cav). In HeLa cells, Cav1-Aeq reported different [Ca²⁺] as compared to the plasma membrane [Ca²⁺] in general (reported by SNAP25-Aeq) or as compared to the cytosolic [Ca²⁺] (reported by cyt-Aeq). The Ca²⁺ signals detected by Cav1-Aeq were significantly attenuated when the caveolar structures were disrupted by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, suggesting that the caveolae are specific targets for Ca²⁺ signaling. HeLa cells overexpressing SK1 showed increased [Ca²⁺]cav during histamine-induced Ca²⁺ mobilization in the absence of extracellular Ca²⁺ as well as during receptor-operated Ca²⁺ entry (ROCE). The SK1-induced increase in [Ca²⁺]cav during ROCE was reverted by S1P receptor antagonists. In accordance, pharmacologic inhibition of SK1 reduced the [Ca²⁺]cav during ROCE. S1P treatment stimulated the [Ca²⁺]cav upon ROCE. The Ca²⁺ responses at the plasma membrane in general were not affected by SK1 expression. In summary, our results show that SK1/S1P-signaling regulates Ca²⁺ signals at the caveolae. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilari Pulli
- Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tomas Blom
- University Of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christoffer Löf
- University Of Turku, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Alessandro Rimessi
- University of Ferrara, Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- University of Ferrara, Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kid Törnquist
- Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute For Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00270 Helsinki, Finland.
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O’Sullivan MJ, Hirota N, Martin JG. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) release is mediated by S1P receptor 2 and nuclear factor κB in BEAS-2B cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95566. [PMID: 24743449 PMCID: PMC3990666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium may release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the asthmatic airway. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid, increased in the airways of asthmatics, that may trigger the release of the potent neutrophil chemoattractant Interleukin-8 (IL-8) by epithelial cells. S1P is a ligand for 5 G protein-coupled receptors, S1PR1-5. We wished to explore the mechanisms of S1P induced IL-8 secretion with regard to the receptor(s) and downstream signaling events involved. Our results indicate that S1P induced IL-8 release is mediated by S1PR2 and the transcription factor NF-κB. Since the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in IL-8 release in response to activation of other G protein-coupled receptors, we examined their importance in S1P induced IL-8 release and established that they are not involved. This study reveals S1PR2 and NF-κB as potential therapeutic targets in neutrophilic airway diseases such as severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. O’Sullivan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nobuaki Hirota
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - James G. Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Zhang W, Zhao J, Lee JF, Gartung A, Jawadi H, Lambiv WL, Honn KV, Lee MJ. ETS-1-mediated transcriptional up-regulation of CD44 is required for sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 3-stimulated chemotaxis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32126-32137. [PMID: 24064218 PMCID: PMC3820853 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.495218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-regulated chemotaxis plays critical roles in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. S1P-regulated chemotaxis is mediated by the S1P family of G-protein-coupled receptors. However, molecular details of the S1P-regulated chemotaxis are incompletely understood. Cultured human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines abundantly express S1P receptor subtype 3 (S1P3), thus providing a tractable in vitro system to characterize molecular mechanism(s) underlying the S1P3 receptor-regulated chemotactic response. S1P treatment enhances CD44 expression and induces membrane localization of CD44 polypeptides via the S1P3/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway. Knockdown of CD44 completely diminishes the S1P-stimulated chemotaxis. Promoter analysis suggests that the CD44 promoter contains binding sites of the ETS-1 (v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1) transcriptional factor. ChIP assay confirms that S1P treatment stimulates the binding of ETS-1 to the CD44 promoter region. Moreover, S1P induces the expression and nuclear translocation of ETS-1. Knockdown of S1P3 or inhibition of ROCK abrogates the S1P-induced ETS-1 expression. Furthermore, knockdown of ETS-1 inhibits the S1P-induced CD44 expression and cell migration. In addition, we showed that S1P3/ROCK signaling up-regulates ETS-1 via the activity of JNK. Collectively, we characterized a novel signaling axis, i.e., ROCK-JNK-ETS-1-CD44 pathway, which plays an essential role in the S1P3-regulated chemotactic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Zhang
- From the Department of Pathology,; the Bioactive Lipid Research Program
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- From the Department of Pathology,; the Bioactive Lipid Research Program
| | - Jen-Fu Lee
- From the Department of Pathology,; the Bioactive Lipid Research Program
| | - Allison Gartung
- From the Department of Pathology,; the Bioactive Lipid Research Program
| | | | | | - Kenneth V Honn
- From the Department of Pathology,; the Bioactive Lipid Research Program,; the Karmanos Cancer Institute
| | - Menq-Jer Lee
- From the Department of Pathology,; the Bioactive Lipid Research Program,; the Karmanos Cancer Institute; the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201.
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Exogenous sphingosine 1-phosphate protects murine splenocytes against hypoxia-induced injury. Lipids 2013; 49:191-202. [PMID: 24190514 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a biologically active pleiotropic lipid, is involved in several physiological processes especially in the area of vascular biology and immunology encompassing cell survival, angiogenesis, vascular tone, immune response etc. by interacting with specific cell surface receptors. Hypoxia, a condition common to innumerable pathologies, is known to lethally affect cell survival by throwing off balance global gene expression, redox homeostasis, bioenergetics etc. Several molecular events of cellular adaptations to hypoxia have been closely linked to stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Signalling functions of S1P in physiological events central to hypoxia-induced pathologies led us to investigate efficacy of exogenous S1P in preconditioning murine splenocytes to sustain during cellular stress associated with sub-optimal oxygen. The present study recapitulated the pro-survival benefits of exogenous S1P under normobaric hypoxia. Results indicate a direct effect of S1P supplementation on boosting cellular adaptive responses via HIF-1α stabilization and, activation of pro-survival mediators ERK and Akt. Overwhelming anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory benefits of S1P preconditioning could also be captured in the present study, as indicated by improved redox homeostasis, reduced oxidative damage, balanced anti/pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles and temporal regulation of nitric oxide secretion and intra-cellular calcium release. Hypoxia induced cell death and the associated stress in cellular milieu in terms of oxidative damage and inflammation could be alleviated with exogenous S1P preconditioning.
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Lu Y, Piao D, Zhang H, Li X, Chao GH, Park SJ, Chang YC, Kim CH, Murakami M, Jung SH, Choi JH, Son JK, Chang HW. Saucerneol F inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 production by suppressing Fyn-mediated pathways in FcεRI-mediated mast cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:696-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Satsu H, Schaeffer MT, Guerrero M, Saldana A, Eberhart C, Hodder P, Cayanan C, Schürer S, Bhhatarai B, Roberts E, Rosen H, Brown SJ. A sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 selective allosteric agonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5373-82. [PMID: 23849205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular probe tool compounds for the Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) are important for investigating the multiple biological processes in which the S1PR2 receptor has been implicated. Amongst these are NF-κB-mediated tumor cell survival and fibroblast chemotaxis to fibronectin. Here we report our efforts to identify selective chemical probes for S1PR2 and their characterization. We employed high throughput screening to identify two compounds which activate the S1PR2 receptor. SAR optimization led to compounds with high nanomolar potency. These compounds, XAX-162 and CYM-5520, are highly selective and do not activate other S1P receptors. Binding of CYM-5520 is not competitive with the antagonist JTE-013. Mutation of receptor residues responsible for binding to the zwitterionic headgroup of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) abolishes S1P activation of the receptor, but not activation by CYM-5520. Competitive binding experiments with radiolabeled S1P demonstrate that CYM-5520 is an allosteric agonist and does not displace the native ligand. Computational modeling suggests that CYM-5520 binds lower in the orthosteric binding pocket, and that co-binding with S1P is energetically well tolerated. In summary, we have identified an allosteric S1PR2 selective agonist compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Satsu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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30
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A novel role of a lipid species, sphingosine-1-phosphate, in epithelial innate immunity. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 33:752-62. [PMID: 23230267 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01103-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of external perturbations can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, followed by stimulation of epithelial cells to produce an innate immune element, the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP). ER stress also increases production of the proapoptotic lipid ceramide and its antiapoptotic metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). We demonstrate here that S1P mediates ER stress-induced CAMP generation. Cellular ceramide and S1P levels rose in parallel with CAMP levels following addition of either exogenous cell-permeating ceramide (C2Cer), which increases S1P production, or thapsigargin (an ER stressor), applied to cultured human skin keratinocytes or topically to mouse skin. Knockdown of S1P lyase, which catabolizes S1P, enhanced ER stress-induced CAMP production in cultured cells and mouse skin. These and additional inhibitor studies show that S1P is responsible for ER stress-induced upregulation of CAMP expression. Increased CAMP expression is likely mediated via S1P-dependent NF-κB-C/EBPα activation. Finally, lysates of both ER-stressed and S1P-stimulated cells blocked growth of virulent Staphylococcus aureus in vitro, and topical C2Cer and LL-37 inhibited invasion of Staphylococcus aureus into murine skin. These studies suggest that S1P generation resulting in increased CAMP production comprises a novel regulatory mechanism of epithelial innate immune responses to external perturbations, pointing to a new therapeutic approach to enhance antimicrobial defense.
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31
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Li C, Yang G, Ruan J. Sphingosine kinase-1/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor type 1 signalling axis is induced by transforming growth factor-β1 and stimulates cell migration in RAW264.7 macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:415-20. [PMID: 22960176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage recruitment to sites of inflammation is an essential step in host defense. However, the signals regulating the mobilization of these cells are still not fully understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a pleiotropic bioactive lipid mediator, is known to regulate an array of biological activities in various cell types. Here, we investigated the roles of S1P and S1P receptors (S1PRs) in macrophage migration in vitro. Furthermore, we explored the cross-talk between transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and S1P signalling pathways in this process. We found that S1P exerted a powerful migratory action on RAW264.7 macrophages, as determined in Boyden chambers. Moreover, by employing RNA interference technology and pharmacological tools, we have demonstrated that S1PR1, but not S1PR2 and S1PR3, is required for S1P-induced macrophage migration. Importantly, we observed a pronounced increase in sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) mRNA expression and subsequently increase in S1P production, following transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation in RAW264.7 macrophages. The expression of S1PR1, but not S1PR2 and S1PR3, was also significantly up-regulated after TGF-β1 stimulation. Interestingly, exogenously added S1P-induced up-regulation of SphK1 and the synthesis of additional S1P, suggesting a self-amplifying loop of S1P to enhance macrophage migration. In conclusion, our results reveal that SphK1/S1PR1 signalling axis is induced by TGF-β1 and stimulates cell migration in RAW 264.7 macrophages. This study provides new clues for the molecular mechanisms of macrophage recruitment during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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Liu X, Yue S, Li C, Yang L, You H, Li L. Essential roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor types 1 and 3 in human hepatic stellate cells motility and activation. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2370-7. [PMID: 21660960 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The biological roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptors (S1PRs) have been broadly investigated. However, at present pathophysiological roles of S1P/S1PRs axis in liver fibrosis are not well defined. Here, we investigated the functions of S1P/S1PRs axis in human hepatic stellate cells (HSC) line, LX-2 cells. We found that S1PR types 1, 2 and 3 (S1PR1-3) are clearly detected in LX-2 cells, as determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry analysis. S1P exerted a powerful migratory action on LX-2 cells, as determined in Boyden chambers, and stimulated fibrogenic activity of LX-2 cells, as demonstrated by increase of expression of smooth muscle α-actin, procollagen α1(I) and α1(III) and total hydroxyproline content. Moreover, the effects of S1P were mimicked by S1PR1 agonist SEW2871, and abrogated by W146 (S1PR1 antagonist) and/or silencing S1PR1, three expression with small interfering RNA, suggesting the main roles of S1PR1 and 3. However, studies with S1PR2 antagonist JTE-013 and silencing S1PR2 expression indicated that S1PR2 negatively regulated S1P-induced cell migration. Interestingly, exogenously added S1P induced significant up-regulation of sphingosine kinase-1 and the synthesis of additional S1P, and expression of S1PR1,3, but not S1PR2. In conclusion, our data have identified an additional function regulated by S1P/S1PR1,3 axis involving migration and fibrogenic activation of HSCs. These results suggest that selective modulation of S1PR activity may represent a new antifibrotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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