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Talati M, Brittain E, Agrawal V, Fortune N, Simon K, Shay S, Zeng X, Freeman ML, West J, Hemnes A. A potential adverse role for leptin and cardiac leptin receptor in the right ventricle in pulmonary arterial hypertension: effect of metformin is BMPR2 mutation-specific. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1276422. [PMID: 37869164 PMCID: PMC10586504 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1276422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal cardiopulmonary disease. Leptin, a neuroendocrine hormone released by adipose tissue, has a complex relationship with cardiovascular diseases, including PAH. Leptin is thought to be an important factor linking metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disorders. Given the published association between metabolic syndrome and RV dysfunction in PAH, we sought to determine the association between leptin and RV dysfunction. We hypothesized that in PAH-RV, leptin influences metabolic changes via leptin receptors, which can be manipulated by metformin. Methods Plasma leptin was measured in PAH patients and healthy controls from a published trial of metformin in PAH. Leptin receptor localization was detected in RV from PAH patients, healthy controls, animal models of PH with RV dysfunction before and after metformin treatment, and cultured cardiomyocytes with two different BMPR2 mutants by performing immunohistochemical and cell fractionation studies. Functional studies were conducted in cultured cardiomyocytes to examine the role of leptin and metformin in lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration. Results In human studies, we found that plasma leptin levels were higher in PAH patients and moderately correlated with higher BMI, but not in healthy controls. Circulating leptin levels were reduced by metformin treatment, and these findings were confirmed in an animal model of RV dysfunction. Leptin receptor expression was increased in PAH-RV cardiomyocytes. In animal models of RV dysfunction and cultured cardiomyocytes with BMPR2 mutation, we found increased expression and membrane localization of the leptin receptor. In cultured cardiomyocytes with BMPR2 mutation, leptin moderately influences palmitate uptake, possibly via CD36, in a mutation-specific manner. Furthermore, in cultured cardiomyocytes, the Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer and gene expression data indicate that leptin may not directly influence lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes. However, metformin alone or when supplemented with leptin can improve lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes. The effect of metformin on lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in cardiomyocytes is BMPR2 mutation-specific. Conclusion In PAH, increased circulating leptin can influence metabolic signaling in RV cardiomyocytes via the leptin receptor; in particular, it may alter lipid-dependent RV metabolism in combination with metformin in a mutation-specific manner and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Talati
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Evan Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vineet Agrawal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Niki Fortune
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Katie Simon
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sheila Shay
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anna Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Saponin-adjuvanted recombinant vaccines containing rCP00660, rCP09720 or rCP01850 proteins against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in mice. Vaccine 2021; 39:2568-2574. [PMID: 33814234 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE rCP01850, rCP09729 and rCP00660 proteins from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, predicted as the three best targets to be used in vaccines against Caseous Lymphadenitis in mature epitope density (MED) analysis were tested as vaccinal targets in association to saponin as adjuvant. METHODOLOGY rCP00660, rCP09720 and rCP01850 were expressed in E. coli and purified for immunization assay. Balb/c mice were divided into five groups of sixteen animals each. G1 was injected with saline solution (0.9% NaCl), G2 with saponin, G3, G4 and G5 with, respectively, rCP00660, rCP09720 and rCP01850 added by saponin. Two doses were administered within a 21-days interval, and blood samples were collected for IgG quantification. Twenty-one days after the last immunization, ten mice in each group were challenged with virulent C. pseudotuberculosis MIC-6 strain, and mortality was recorded for 40 days. Meanwhile six mice in each group were used for cytokine quantification by qPCR. RESULTS G2, G3, G4 and G5 presented protection rates of 10, 30, 40 and 60%, respectively. In spite of levels of total IgG were higher in G4 and G5, production of IgG2a was higher than IgG1 for G5. G3, G4 and G5 presented significant high IFN-γ levels, however, only G5 showed high TNF-α while G3 and G4 showed high IL-17. CONCLUSION rCP01850 added by saponin was able to protect efficiently mice against C. pseudotuberculosis challenge, and to induce high IgG, IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. In spite of rCP00660 and rCP09720 had not same adequate protection levels, significant IgG, IFN-γ, and IL-17 levels and further studies aiming to improve protection rates should be conducted.
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Rezende A, Brum A, Bezerra F, Braite D, Sá G, Thurow H, Seixas F, Azevedo V, Portela R, Borsuk S. Assessment of the acid phosphatase CP01850 from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in DNA and subunit vaccine formulations against caseous lymphadenitis. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The target cp1002_RS01850 from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was used to construct a DNA and recombinant subunit vaccine against caseous lymphadenitis. Recombinant protein rCP01850 was expressed in Escherichia coli using pAE vector, and DNA vaccine was engineered with pTARGET vector. BALB/c mice were divided in five groups containing eight animals each, inoculated with: pTARGET/cp01850 as DNA vaccine (G1); rCP01850 plus Al (OH)3 as recombinant subunit vaccine (G2); pTARGET/cp01850 and a boost with rCP01850 plus Al (OH)3 (G3); pTARGET (G4); or Al (OH)3 (G5). Mice were inoculated and blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, and 42 for the analysis of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a by ELISA. In each group, five animals were challenged with Mic-6 C. pseudotuberculosis strain, and three were used for cytokine quantification by qPCR. Although no group has been protected by vaccines against lethal challenge, G2 showed an increase in the survival rate after challenge. Significantly higher levels of IL-4, IL-12, IFN-γ, total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a were also detected for G2, evidencing a mixed Th1/Th2 immunological profile. In conclusion, despite no protection level provided by different vaccinal strategies using cp1002_RS01850 from C. pseudotuberculosis, G2 developed a Th1/Th2 immune response with an increase in survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A.A. Brum
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - G.L. Sá
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - S. Borsuk
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
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Gogiraju R, Hubert A, Fahrer J, Straub BK, Brandt M, Wenzel P, Münzel T, Konstantinides S, Hasenfuss G, Schäfer K. Endothelial Leptin Receptor Deletion Promotes Cardiac Autophagy and Angiogenesis Following Pressure Overload by Suppressing Akt/mTOR Signaling. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e005622. [PMID: 30621510 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac remodeling is modulated by overnutrition or starvation. The adipokine leptin mediates energy balance between adipose tissue and brain. Leptin and its receptors are expressed in the heart. METHODS AND RESULTS To examine the importance of endothelial leptin signaling in cardiac hypertrophy, transverse aortic constriction was used in mice with inducible endothelium-specific deletion of leptin receptors (End.LepR-KO) or littermate controls (End.LepR-WT). End.LepR-KO was associated with improved left ventricular function (fractional shortening, 28.4% versus 18.8%; P=0.0114), reduced left ventricular dilation (end-systolic inner left ventricular diameter, 3.59 versus 4.08 mm; P=0.0188) and lower heart weight (133 versus 173 mg; P<0.0001) 20 weeks after transverse aortic constriction. Histology and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) activation was reduced, and Akt (protein kinase B) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) phosphorylation after transverse aortic constriction were blunted in End.LepR-KO hearts. Elevated LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3)-I/-II conversion ( P=0.0041) and increased (LC3II-positive) endothelial cells ( P=0.0042) in banded hearts of End.LepR-KO mice suggested improved cardiac angiogenesis because of activated autophagy. Microscopy confirmed autophagosome accumulation after genetic or small interfering RNA-mediated LepR downregulation. Enhanced sprouting angiogenesis was observed in endothelial cells ( P<0.0001) and aortic rings ( P=0.0060) from End.LepR-KO mice, and murine and human endothelial sprouting angiogenesis was reduced after mTOR inhibition using rapamycin or autophagy inhibition using 3-methyladenine. Banded End.LepR-KO mouse hearts exhibited less apoptosis ( P=0.0218), inflammation ( P=0.0251), and fibrosis ( P=0.0256). Reduced endothelial autophagy was also observed in myocardial biopsies of heart failure patients with cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that endothelial leptin signaling contributes to cardiac fibrosis and functional deterioration by suppressing endothelial autophagy and promoting endothelial dysfunction in a chronic pressure overload model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinikanth Gogiraju
- Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I (R.G., A.H., M.B., P.W., T.M., K.S.), University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Astrid Hubert
- Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I (R.G., A.H., M.B., P.W., T.M., K.S.), University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Fahrer
- Institute of Toxicology (J.F.), University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology (B.K.S.), University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Brandt
- Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I (R.G., A.H., M.B., P.W., T.M., K.S.), University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I (R.G., A.H., M.B., P.W., T.M., K.S.), University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W., S.K.), University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I (R.G., A.H., M.B., P.W., T.M., K.S.), University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stavros Konstantinides
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.W., S.K.), University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (G.H., K.S.)
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I (R.G., A.H., M.B., P.W., T.M., K.S.), University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (G.H., K.S.)
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Kimura A, Ishida Y, Furuta M, Nosaka M, Kuninaka Y, Taruya A, Mukaida N, Kondo T. Protective Roles of Interferon-γ in Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Sustained Pressure Overload. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008145. [PMID: 29555642 PMCID: PMC5907566 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying hemodynamic stress-initiated cardiac hypertrophy is important for preventing heart failure. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) has been suggested to play crucial roles in various diseases other than immunological disorders by modulating the expression of myriad genes. However, the involvement of IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy still remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In order to elucidate the roles of IFN-γ in pressure overload-induced cardiac pathology, we subjected Balb/c wild-type (WT) or IFN-γ-deficient (Ifng-/-) mice to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Three weeks after TAC, Ifng-/- mice developed more severe cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction than WT mice. Bone marrow-derived immune cells including macrophages were a source of IFN-γ in hearts after TAC. The activation of PI3K/Akt signaling, a key signaling pathway in compensatory hypertrophy, was detected 3 days after TAC in the left ventricles of WT mice and was markedly attenuated in Ifng-/- mice. The administration of a neutralizing anti-IFN-γ antibody abrogated PI3K/Akt signal activation in WT mice during compensatory hypertrophy, while that of IFN-γ activated PI3K/Akt signaling in Ifng-/- mice. TAC also induced the phosphorylation of Stat5, but not Stat1 in the left ventricles of WT mice 3 days after TAC. Furthermore, IFN-γ induced Stat5 and Akt phosphorylation in rat cardiomyocytes cultured under stretch conditions. A Stat5 inhibitor significantly suppressed PI3K/Akt signaling activation in the left ventricles of WT mice, and aggravated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS The IFN-γ/Stat5 axis may be protective against persistent pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Machi Furuta
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nosaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yumi Kuninaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akira Taruya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kondo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Berzabá-Evoli E, Zazueta C, Cruz Hernández JH, Gómez-Crisóstomo NP, Juárez-Rojop IE, De la Cruz-Hernández EN, Martínez-Abundis E. Leptin Modifies the Rat Heart Performance Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction Independently of Its Prohypertrophic Effects. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:6081415. [PMID: 30154842 PMCID: PMC6093050 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6081415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional receptors for leptin were described on the surface of cardiomyocytes, and there was a prohypertrophic effect with high concentrations of the cytokine. Therefore, leptin could be a link between obesity and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, a deleterious effect of leptin on mitochondrial performance was described, which was also associated with the evolution of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. The goal of our study was to analyze the effect of the exposure of rat hearts to a high concentration of leptin on cardiac and mitochondrial function. METHODS Rat hearts were perfused continuously with or without 3.1 nM leptin for 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours. Homogenates and mitochondria were prepared by centrifugation and analyzed for cardiac actin, STAT3, and pSTAT3 by Western blotting, as well as for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, membrane potential, swelling, calcium transport, and content of oxidized lipids. RESULTS In our results, leptin induced an increased rate-pressure product as a result of increased heart rate and contraction force, as well oxidative stress. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction expressed as a loss of membrane potential, decreased ability for calcium transport and retention, faster swelling, and less respiratory control was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the role of leptin as a deleterious factor for cardiac function and indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction could be a trigger for cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Berzabá-Evoli
- Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Villahermosa, TAB, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (I. Ch.), 14080 Tlalpan, MEX, Mexico
| | - Jarumi Hishel Cruz Hernández
- Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Villahermosa, TAB, Mexico
| | - Nancy Patricia Gómez-Crisóstomo
- Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Villahermosa, TAB, Mexico
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Villahermosa, TAB, Mexico
| | - Erick Natividad De la Cruz-Hernández
- Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Villahermosa, TAB, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Abundis
- Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Villahermosa, TAB, Mexico
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Association of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis recombinant proteins rCP09720 or rCP01850 with rPLD as immunogens in caseous lymphadenitis immunoprophylaxis. Vaccine 2017; 36:74-83. [PMID: 29174312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic disease responsible for significant economic losses in sheep and goat breeding worldwide. The treatment for this disease is not effective, and an intense vaccination schedule would be the best control strategy. In this study, we evaluated the associations of rCP09720 or rCP01850 proteins from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis with recombinant exotoxin phospholipase D (rPLD) as subunit vaccines in mice. Four experimental groups (10 animals each) were immunized with a sterile 0.9% saline solution (G1), rPLD (G2), rPLD + rCP09720 (G3), and rPLD + rCP01850 (G4). The mice received two doses of each vaccine at a 21-day interval and were challenged 21 days after the last immunization. The animals were evaluated daily for 40 days after the challenge, and mortality rate was recorded. The total IgG production level increased significantly in the experimental groups on day 42 after the first vaccination. Similarly, higher levels of specific IgG2a were observed in experimental groups G2, G3, and G4 compared to the IgG1 levels on day 42. G4 showed a significant (p < .05) humoral response against both antigens of the antigenic formulations. The cellular immune response induced by immunization was characterized by a significant (p < .05) production of interferon-γ compared to that in the control, while the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-12 were not significant in any group. A significant increase of tumor necrosis factor was observed only in G4. The survival rates after the challenge were 30% (rPLD), 40% (rPLD + rCP09720), and 50% (rPLD + rCP01850). Thus, the association of rCP01850 with rPLD resulted in the best protection against the challenge with C. pseudotuberculosis and induced a more intense type 1 T-helper cell immune response.
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Brum AA, Rezende ADFS, Brilhante FS, Collares T, Begnine K, Seixas FK, Collares TV, Dellagostin OA, Azevedo V, Santos A, Portela RW, Borsuk S. Recombinant esterase from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in DNA and subunit recombinant vaccines partially protects mice against challenge. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:635-642. [PMID: 28516859 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested the efficacy of the esterase encoded by cp1002_RS09720 from Corynebacteriumpseudotuberculosis in recombinant subunit and DNA caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) vaccines. This target was predicted as one of the best CLA vaccine candidates by mature epitope density analysis. METHODOLOGY Gene cp1002_RS09720 was cloned into two different vectors (pAE for subunit vaccine and pTARGET for DNA vaccine). Four groups of 15 mice each were immunized with the recombinant esterase rCP09720 associated with aluminium hydroxide adjuvant (G1), pTARGET/cp09720 DNA vaccine (G2), a naked pTARGET (G3) or PBS as a negative control (G4). Immunization occurred in two doses intercalated by a 21 day interval. Twenty-one days after the last dose administration, animals were challenged with a virulent C. pseudotuberculosis MIC-6 strain. RESULTS G1 showed high levels of IgG1 and IgG2a on days 21 and 42 post-immunization and a significant level of IFN-γ (P<0.05), suggesting a Th1 response. The protection levels obtained were 58.3 and 16.6 % for G1 and G2, respectively. CONCLUSION The subunit vaccine composed of the recombinant esterase rCP09720 and Al(OH)3 is a promising antigenic formulation for use against CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Antunes Brum
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Andrea de Fatima Silva Rezende
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silvestre Brilhante
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Thais Collares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Karine Begnine
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kommling Seixas
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago Veiras Collares
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Anderson Santos
- Faculdade de Computação, UFU, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner Portela
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, UFBA, Salvador, BA 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto-parasitária, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Biotecnologia, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
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9
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Wang S, Li Y, Miao W, Zhao H, Zhang F, Liu N, Su G, Cai X. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 expression is suppressed by angiotensin II via the angiotensin II type 1 receptor in rat cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2607-13. [PMID: 27483989 PMCID: PMC4991724 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the inhibitory effects of angiotensin II (AngII) on angiopoietin‑like protein 2 (Angptl2) in rat primary cardiomyocytes, and to investigate the potential association between angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and these effects. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from 3-day-old Wistar rats, and were cultured and identified. Subsequently, the expression levels of Angptl2 were detected following incubation with various concentrations of AngII for various durations using western blotting, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence. Finally, under the most appropriate conditions (100 nmol/l AngII, 24 h), the cardiomyocytes were divided into six groups: Normal, AngII, AngII + losartan, normal + losartan, AngII + PD123319 and normal + PD123319 groups, in order to investigate the possible function of AT1R in Angptl2 suppression. Losartan and PD123319 are antagonists of AT1R and angiotensin II type 2 receptor, respectively. The statistical significance of the results was analyzed using Student's t‑test or one‑way analysis of variance. The results demonstrated that Angptl2 expression was evidently suppressed (P<0.05) following incubation with 100 nmol/l AngII for 24 h. Conversely, the expression levels of Angptl2 were significantly increased in the AngII + losartan group compared with the AngII group (P<0.01). However, no significant difference was detected between the AngII + PD123319, normal + losartan or normal + PD123319 groups and the normal group. The present in vitro study indicated that AngII was able to suppress Angptl2 expression, whereas losartan was able to significantly reverse this decrease by inhibiting AT1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Miao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Guohai Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Zouein FA, Altara R, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ, Kurdi M, Booz GW. Pivotal Importance of STAT3 in Protecting the Heart from Acute and Chronic Stress: New Advancement and Unresolved Issues. Front Cardiovasc Med 2015; 2:36. [PMID: 26664907 PMCID: PMC4671345 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), has been implicated in protecting the heart from acute ischemic injury under both basal conditions and as a crucial component of pre- and post-conditioning protocols. A number of anti-oxidant and antiapoptotic genes are upregulated by STAT3 via canonical means involving phosphorylation on Y705 and S727, although other incompletely defined posttranslational modifications are involved. In addition, STAT3 is now known to be present in cardiac mitochondria and to exert actions that regulate the electron transport chain, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. These non-canonical actions of STAT3 are enhanced by S727 phosphorylation. The molecular basis for the mitochondrial actions of STAT3 is poorly understood, but STAT3 is known to interact with a critical subunit of complex I and to regulate complex I function. Dysfunctional complex I has been implicated in ischemic injury, heart failure, and the aging process. Evidence also indicates that STAT3 is protective to the heart under chronic stress conditions, including hypertension, pregnancy, and advanced age. Paradoxically, the accumulation of unphosphorylated STAT3 (U-STAT3) in the nucleus has been suggested to drive pathological cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation via non-canonical gene expression, perhaps involving a distinct acetylation profile. U-STAT3 may also regulate chromatin stability. Our understanding of how the non-canonical genomic and mitochondrial actions of STAT3 in the heart are regulated and coordinated with the canonical actions of STAT3 is rudimentary. Here, we present an overview of what is currently known about the pleotropic actions of STAT3 in the heart in order to highlight controversies and unresolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad A Zouein
- American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Mazen Kurdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University , Hadath , Lebanon
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA
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11
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Hall ME, Harmancey R, Stec DE. Lean heart: Role of leptin in cardiac hypertrophy and metabolism. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:511-524. [PMID: 26413228 PMCID: PMC4577678 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i9.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that has been linked with the cardiovascular complications resulting from obesity such as hypertension and heart disease. Obese patients have high levels of circulating leptin due to increased fat mass. Clinical and population studies have correlated high levels of circulating leptin with the development of cardiac hypertrophy in obesity. Leptin has also been demonstrated to increase the growth of cultured cardiomyocytes. However, several animal studies of obese leptin deficient mice have not supported a role for leptin in promoting cardiac hypertrophy so the role of leptin in this pathological process remains unclear. Leptin is also an important hormone in the regulation of cardiac metabolism where it supports oxidation of glucose and fatty acids. In addition, leptin plays a critical role in protecting the heart from excess lipid accumulation and the formation of toxic lipids in obesity a condition known as cardiac lipotoxicity. This paper focuses on the data supporting and refuting leptin’s role in promoting cardiac hypertrophy as well as its important role in the regulation of cardiac metabolism and protection against cardiac lipotoxicity.
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12
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Мirrakhimov EМ, Kerimkulova AS, Lunegova ОS, Mirrakhimov AE, Nabiev MP, Neronova KV, Bayramukova AA, Alibaeva NT, Satarov N. The association of leptin with dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension and obesity in Kyrgyz (Central Asian nation) population. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:411. [PMID: 24981337 PMCID: PMC4105887 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin, an adipocytokine produced by adipose tissue, along with the traditional cardiometabolic risk factors, contributes to the development of cardiovascular complications. At the same time, ethnic features of adipocytokines have been insufficiently investigated, especially among Asians, who have an increased risk of cardiovascular complications compared with Europeans. Aim of study was to investigate the relationship between leptin levels and age, gender, anthropometric parameters, lipid parameters, arterial hypertension (AH), and obesity in the adult population of ethnic Kyrgyz people living in Central Asia. RESULTS In total, 322 ethnic Kyrgyz (145 men, 177 women) aged ≥ 30 years were studied. Waist and hip circumference, body mass index, blood glucose, lipids, leptin, and homeostatic model assessment were measured. Patients in the upper quartile of leptin levels had high values of BMI, WC, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, and HOMA index compared with patients with lower leptin levels. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and AH increased with higher levels of leptin. Leptin positively correlated with BMI, WC, triglycerides, and glucose concentrations in patients of both sexes. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, elevated leptin levels increased by 30 times the risk of obesity in men, regardless of the presence of type 2 diabetes, and 17.7 times in women. CONCLUSION Leptin is associated with general and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in Kyrgyz patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkin М Мirrakhimov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
- National Centre of Cardiology and Internal medicine named by М. Mirrakhimov, Togolok Moldo 3, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
- Kyrgyz-Russian (Slavic University), Kievskaya 44, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Alina S Kerimkulova
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Оlga S Lunegova
- National Centre of Cardiology and Internal medicine named by М. Mirrakhimov, Togolok Moldo 3, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Aibek E Mirrakhimov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Malik P Nabiev
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Kseniya V Neronova
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Asiyat A Bayramukova
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Nazira T Alibaeva
- Kyrgyz-Russian (Slavic University), Kievskaya 44, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Nurdin Satarov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named by I.K. Akhunbaev, Akhunbaev street 92, Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan
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13
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Angiotensin II and the ERK pathway mediate the induction of leptin by mechanical cyclic stretch in cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 126:483-95. [PMID: 24063596 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cyclic stretch of cardiomyocytes causes cardiac hypertrophy through cardiac-restricted gene expression. Leptin induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in response to myocardial stress. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of leptin under cyclic stretch and its role in regulating genetic transcription in cardiomyocytes. Cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were subjected to cyclic stretch, and the expression levels of leptin, ROS (reactive oxygen species) and AngII (angiotensin II) were evaluated. Signal transduction inhibitors were used to identify the pathway of leptin expression. EMSAs were used to identify the binding of leptin/STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and luciferase assays were used to identify the transcription of leptin in cardiomyocytes. The study also used an in vivo model of AV (aortocaval) shunt in rats to investigate leptin, ROS and AngII expression. Leptin and leptin receptor levels increased after cyclic stretch with the earlier expression of AngII and ROS. Leptin expression was suppressed by AngII receptor blockers, an ROS scavenger [NAC (N-acetylcysteine)], an ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway inhibitor (PD98059) and ERK siRNA. Binding of leptin/STAT3 was identified by EMSAs, and luciferase assays confirmed the transcription of leptin in neonatal cardiomyocytes after cyclic stretch. Increased MHC (myosin heavy chain) expression and [3H]-proline incorporation in cardiomyocytes was detected after cyclic stretch, which were inhibited by leptin siRNA and NAC. The in vivo model of AV shunt also demonstrated increased levels of plasma and myocardial leptin, ROS and AngII expression after cyclic stretch. Mechanical cyclic stretch in cardiomyocytes increased leptin expression mediated by the induction of AngII, ROS and the ERK pathway to cause cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Myocardial hypertrophy can be identified by increased transcriptional activity and an enhanced hypertrophic phenotype of cardiomyocytes.
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Karmazyn M, Gan XT, Rajapurohitam V. The potential contribution of circulating and locally produced leptin to cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:883-8. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is a 16 kDa peptide that was first identified in 1994 through positional cloning of the mouse obesity gene. Although the primary function of leptin is to act a satiety factor through its actions on the hypothalamus, it is now widely recognized that leptin can exert effects on many other organs through activation of its receptors, which are ubiquitously expressed. Leptin is secreted primarily by white adipocytes, but it is also produced by other tissues including the heart where it can exert effects in an autocrine or paracrine manner. One of these effects involves the induction of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which appears to occur via multiple cell signalling mechanisms. As adipocytes are the primary site of leptin production, plasma leptin concentrations are generally positively related with body mass index and the degree of adiposity. However, hyperleptinemia is also associated with cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, in the absence of obesity. Here we review the potential role of leptin in heart disease, particularly pertaining to its potential contribution to myocardial remodelling and heart failure, as well as the underlying mechanisms. We further discuss potential interactions between leptin and another adipokine, adiponectin, and the potential implications of this interaction in terms of fully understanding leptin’s effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Karmazyn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Xiaohong Tracey Gan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Venkatesh Rajapurohitam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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