1
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Ulhaq ZS, You MS, Yabe T, Takada S, Chen JK, Ogino Y, Jiang YJ, Tse WKF. Fgf8 contributes to the pathogenesis of Nager syndrome. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135692. [PMID: 39288852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Nager syndrome (NS, OMIM 154400) is a rare disease characterized by craniofacial and limb malformations due to variants in the gene encoding splicing factor 3B subunit 4 (SF3B4). Although various noncanonical functions of SF3B4 unrelated to splicing have been previously described, limited studies elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying NS pathogenesis. Here we showed that sf3b4-deficient fish displayed craniofacial and segmentation defects associated with suppression of fgf8 levels, which perturbed FGF signaling and neural crest cell (NCC) expression. Our finding also pointed out that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis was prominently detected in sf3b4-deficient fish and may further exaggerate the bone remodeling process. Notably, injection of exogenous FGF8 significantly rescued the demonstrated defects in sf3b4-deficient fish, which further supported the participation of Fgf8 in NS pathogenesis. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying developmental abnormalities observed in NS and suggests future therapeutic strategies to protect against the pathogenesis of NS and possibilities for preventing severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Research Center for Pre-clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia.
| | - May-Su You
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Taijiro Yabe
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Yukiko Ogino
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Developmental Biology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yun-Jin Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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2
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Harboe M, Kjaer-Sorensen K, Füchtbauer EM, Fenton RA, Thomsen JS, Brüel A, Oxvig C. The metalloproteinase PAPP-A is required for IGF-dependent chondrocyte differentiation and organization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20161. [PMID: 39215168 PMCID: PMC11364822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is required for proper growth and skeletal development in vertebrates. Consequently, its dysregulation may lead to abnormalities of growth or skeletal structures. IGF is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. However, the availability of bioactive IGF may be controlled by antagonizing IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the circulation and tissues. As the metalloproteinase PAPP-A specifically cleaves members of the IGFBP family, we hypothesized that PAPP-A activity liberates bioactive IGF in cartilage. In PAPP-A knockout mice, the femur length was reduced and the mice showed a disorganized columnar organization of growth plate chondrocytes. Similarly, zebrafish lacking pappaa showed reduced length of Meckel's cartilage and disorganized chondrocytes, reminiscent of the mouse knockout phenotype. Expression of chondrocyte differentiation markers (sox9a, ihha, and col10a1) was markedly affected in Meckel's cartilage of pappaa knockout zebrafish, indicating that differentiation of chondrocytes was compromised. Additionally, the zebrafish pappaa knockout phenotype was mimicked by pharmacological inhibition of IGF signaling, and it could be rescued by treatment with exogenous recombinant IGF-I. In conclusion, our data suggests that IGF activity in the growing cartilage, and hence IGF signaling in chondrocytes, requires the presence of PAPP-A. The absence of PAPP-A causes aberrant chondrocyte organization and compromised growth in both mice and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Harboe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kjaer-Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ernst-Martin Füchtbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Robert A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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3
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Breuer M, Rummler M, Singh J, Maher S, Zaouter C, Jamadagni P, Pilon N, Willie BM, Patten SA. CHD7 regulates craniofacial cartilage development via controlling HTR2B expression. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:498-512. [PMID: 38477756 PMCID: PMC11262153 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 - coding gene (CHD7) cause CHARGE syndrome (CS). Although craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities are major features of CS patients, the role of CHD7 in bone and cartilage development remain largely unexplored. Here, using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) CS model, we show that chd7-/- larvae display abnormal craniofacial cartilage development and spinal deformities. The craniofacial and spine defects are accompanied by a marked reduction of bone mineralization. At the molecular level, we show that these phenotypes are associated with significant reduction in the expression levels of osteoblast differentiation markers. Additionally, we detected a marked depletion of collagen 2α1 in the cartilage of craniofacial regions and vertebrae, along with significantly reduced number of chondrocytes. Chondrogenesis defects are at least in part due to downregulation of htr2b, which we found to be also dysregulated in human cells derived from an individual with CHD7 mutation-positive CS. Overall, this study thus unveils an essential role for CHD7 in cartilage and bone development, with potential clinical relevance for the craniofacial defects associated with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Breuer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Maximilian Rummler
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Jaskaran Singh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Sabrina Maher
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Charlotte Zaouter
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Priyanka Jamadagni
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Départment des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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4
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Tan WH, Rücklin M, Larionova D, Ngoc TB, Joan van Heuven B, Marone F, Matsudaira P, Winkler C. A Collagen10a1 mutation disrupts cell polarity in a medaka model for metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid. iScience 2024; 27:109405. [PMID: 38510140 PMCID: PMC10952040 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in COL10A1 lead to metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid (MCDS), a skeletal disorder characterized by epiphyseal abnormalities. Prior analysis revealed impaired trimerization and intracellular retention of mutant collagen type X alpha 1 chains as cause for elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, how ER stress translates into structural defects remained unclear. We generated a medaka (Oryzias latipes) MCDS model harboring a 5 base pair deletion in col10a1, which led to a frameshift and disruption of 11 amino acids in the conserved trimerization domain. col10a1Δ633a heterozygotes recapitulated key features of MCDS and revealed early cell polarity defects as cause for dysregulated matrix secretion and deformed skeletal structures. Carbamazepine, an ER stress-reducing drug, rescued this polarity impairment and alleviated skeletal defects in col10a1Δ633a heterozygotes. Our data imply cell polarity dysregulation as a potential contributor to MCDS and suggest the col10a1Δ633a medaka mutant as an attractive MCDS animal model for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hui Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Martin Rücklin
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daria Larionova
- Department of Biology, Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tran Bich Ngoc
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Federica Marone
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Paul Matsudaira
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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5
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Raman R, Antony M, Nivelle R, Lavergne A, Zappia J, Guerrero-Limón G, Caetano da Silva C, Kumari P, Sojan JM, Degueldre C, Bahri MA, Ostertag A, Collet C, Cohen-Solal M, Plenevaux A, Henrotin Y, Renn J, Muller M. The Osteoblast Transcriptome in Developing Zebrafish Reveals Key Roles for Extracellular Matrix Proteins Col10a1a and Fbln1 in Skeletal Development and Homeostasis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:139. [PMID: 38397376 PMCID: PMC10886564 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are now widely used to study skeletal development and bone-related diseases. To that end, understanding osteoblast differentiation and function, the expression of essential transcription factors, signaling molecules, and extracellular matrix proteins is crucial. We isolated Sp7-expressing osteoblasts from 4-day-old larvae using a fluorescent reporter. We identified two distinct subpopulations and characterized their specific transcriptome as well as their structural, regulatory, and signaling profile. Based on their differential expression in these subpopulations, we generated mutants for the extracellular matrix protein genes col10a1a and fbln1 to study their functions. The col10a1a-/- mutant larvae display reduced chondrocranium size and decreased bone mineralization, while in adults a reduced vertebral thickness and tissue mineral density, and fusion of the caudal fin vertebrae were observed. In contrast, fbln1-/- mutants showed an increased mineralization of cranial elements and a reduced ceratohyal angle in larvae, while in adults a significantly increased vertebral centra thickness, length, volume, surface area, and tissue mineral density was observed. In addition, absence of the opercle specifically on the right side was observed. Transcriptomic analysis reveals up-regulation of genes involved in collagen biosynthesis and down-regulation of Fgf8 signaling in fbln1-/- mutants. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of bone extracellular matrix protein genes col10a1a and fbln1 in skeletal development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish Raman
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Mishal Antony
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Renaud Nivelle
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Arnaud Lavergne
- GIGA Genomics Platform, B34, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Jérémie Zappia
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium (Y.H.)
| | - Gustavo Guerrero-Limón
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Caroline Caetano da Silva
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Jerry Maria Sojan
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Christian Degueldre
- GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnes Ostertag
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Corinne Collet
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
- UF de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Hospital Lariboisière, Reference Centre for Rare Bone Diseases, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris-Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.C.d.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Alain Plenevaux
- GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.A.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Yves Henrotin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium (Y.H.)
| | - Jörg Renn
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (R.R.); (M.A.); (R.N.); (G.G.-L.); (J.R.)
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6
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Sobah ML, Liongue C, Ward AC. Contribution of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) to Bone Development and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:389. [PMID: 38203559 PMCID: PMC10778865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor activated canonically by numerous cytokines and other factors, with significant roles in immunity, immune diseases, and cancer. It has also been implicated in several human skeletal disorders, with loss-of-function (LOF) mutations associated with aberrant skeletal development. To gain further insights, two zebrafish STAT3 lines were investigated: a complete LOF knockout (KO) mutant and a partial LOF mutant with the transactivation domain truncated (ΔTAD). Consistent with other studies, the KO mutants were smaller, with reduced length in early embryos exacerbated by a decreased growth rate from 5 days postfertilization (dpf). They displayed skeletal deformities that approached 80% incidence by 30 dpf, with a significant reduction in early bone but not cartilage formation. Further analysis additionally identified considerable abrogation of caudal fin regeneration, concomitant with a paucity of infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils, which may be responsible for this. Most of these phenotypes were also observed in the ΔTAD mutants, indicating that loss of canonical STAT3 signaling was the likely cause. However, the impacts on early bone formation and regeneration were muted in the ΔTAD mutant, suggesting the potential involvement of noncanonical functions in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L. Sobah
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
| | - Clifford Liongue
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
| | - Alister C. Ward
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
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7
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Martínez-Burguete T, Peña-Marín ES, Llera-Herrera RA, Jiménez-Martínez LD, Martínez-García R, Alvarez-Villagomez CS, Alvarez-González CA. Identification and expression analysis of transcripts involved in taurine biosynthesis during early ontogeny of tropical gar Atractosteus tropicus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 285:111501. [PMID: 37562582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In fishes, the availability of taurine is regulated during ontogenetic development, where its endogenous synthesis capacity is species dependent. Thus, different pathways and involved enzymes have been described: pathway I (cysteine sulfinate-dependent pathway), cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (cdo1) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (csad); pathway II (cysteic acid pathway), cdo1 and glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad); and pathway III (cysteamine pathway), 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase (ado); whereas taurine transporter (taut) is responsible for taurine entry into cells on the cell membrane and the mitochondria. This study determined if the tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus), an ancient holostean fish model, has the molecular mechanism to synthesize taurine through the identification and analysis expression of transcripts coding for proteins involved in its biosynthesis and transportation, at different embryo-larvae stages and in different organs of juveniles (31 dah). We observed a fluctuating expression of all transcripts involved in the three pathways at all analyzed stages. All transcripts are expressed during the beginning of larval development; however, ado and taut show a peak expression at 9 dah, and all transcripts but csad decreased at 23 dah, when the organism ended the larval period. Furthermore, at 31 dah, we observed taut expression in all examined organs. The transcripts involved in pathways I and III are expressed differently across all organs, whereas pathway II was only observed in the brain, eye, and skin. The results suggested that taurine biosynthesis in tropical gar is regulated during its early development before first feeding, and the pathway might also be organ-type dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talhia Martínez-Burguete
- Laboratorio de Fisiología en Recursos Acuáticos, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km. 0.5, CP.86139 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - Emyr Saúl Peña-Marín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Ensenada 21100, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Antonio Llera-Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología - Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Joel Montes Camarena S/N, PO Box 811, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Luis Daniel Jiménez-Martínez
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Nacajuca-Jalpa de Méndez R7a Rivera Alta, C.P. 86200 Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Martínez-García
- Laboratorio de Fisiología en Recursos Acuáticos, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km. 0.5, CP.86139 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - Carina Shianya Alvarez-Villagomez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología en Recursos Acuáticos, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km. 0.5, CP.86139 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Alfonso Alvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Fisiología en Recursos Acuáticos, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km. 0.5, CP.86139 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.
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8
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Jones AA, Willoner Jr. T, Mishoe Hernandez L, DeLaurier A. Exposure to valproic acid (VPA) reproduces hdac1 loss of function phenotypes in zebrafish. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000908. [PMID: 37829572 PMCID: PMC10565572 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases are enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histone tails and are understood to act as repressors of transcriptional activity. Hdac1 has been previously shown to function in eye, pectoral fin, heart, liver, and pharyngeal skeletal development. We show that high doses of Valproic Acid (VPA) reproduce the hdac1 phenotype. We identify tbx5 genes as potential targets of Hdac1 in eye, pectoral fin, and heart development. Using timed exposures, we show that skeletal structures in the pharyngeal arches are impacted by VPA between 24-36 hours post-fertilization, indicating a role for Hdac1 during post-migration patterning, differentiation, or proliferation of cranial neural crest cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec A. Jones
- Biology and Geology, University of South Carolina Aiken, Aiken, South Carolina, United States
| | - Terence Willoner Jr.
- Biology and Geology, University of South Carolina Aiken, Aiken, South Carolina, United States
| | - Lacie Mishoe Hernandez
- Biology and Geology, University of South Carolina Aiken, Aiken, South Carolina, United States
| | - April DeLaurier
- Biology and Geology, University of South Carolina Aiken, Aiken, South Carolina, United States
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9
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Raterman ST, Von Den Hoff JW, Dijkstra S, De Vriend C, Te Morsche T, Broekman S, Zethof J, De Vrieze E, Wagener FADTG, Metz JR. Disruption of the foxe1 gene in zebrafish reveals conserved functions in development of the craniofacial skeleton and the thyroid. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1143844. [PMID: 36994096 PMCID: PMC10040582 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1143844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mutations in the FOXE1 gene are implicated in cleft palate and thyroid dysgenesis in humans.Methods: To investigate whether zebrafish could provide meaningful insights into the etiology of developmental defects in humans related to FOXE1, we generated a zebrafish mutant that has a disruption in the nuclear localization signal in the foxe1 gene, thereby restraining nuclear access of the transcription factor. We characterized skeletal development and thyroidogenesis in these mutants, focusing on embryonic and larval stages.Results: Mutant larvae showed aberrant skeletal phenotypes in the ceratohyal cartilage and had reduced whole body levels of Ca, Mg and P, indicating a critical role for foxe1 in early skeletal development. Markers of bone and cartilage (precursor) cells were differentially expressed in mutants in post-migratory cranial neural crest cells in the pharyngeal arch at 1 dpf, at induction of chondrogenesis at 3 dpf and at the start of endochondral bone formation at 6 dpf. Foxe1 protein was detected in differentiated thyroid follicles, suggesting a role for the transcription factor in thyroidogenesis, but thyroid follicle morphology or differentiation were unaffected in mutants.Discussion: Taken together, our findings highlight the conserved role of Foxe1 in skeletal development and thyroidogenesis, and show differential signaling of osteogenic and chondrogenic genes related to foxe1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie T. Raterman
- Department of Dentistry—Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Sophie T. Raterman,
| | - Johannes W. Von Den Hoff
- Department of Dentistry—Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sietske Dijkstra
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cheyenne De Vriend
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tim Te Morsche
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sanne Broekman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Zethof
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Erik De Vrieze
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank A. D. T. G. Wagener
- Department of Dentistry—Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Juriaan R. Metz
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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10
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Fabik J, Psutkova V, Machon O. Meis2 controls skeletal formation in the hyoid region. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:951063. [PMID: 36247013 PMCID: PMC9554219 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.951063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A vertebrate skull is composed of many skeletal elements which display enormous diversity of shapes. Cranial bone formation embodies a multitude of processes, i.e., epithelial-mesenchymal induction, mesenchymal condensation, and endochondral or intramembranous ossification. Molecular pathways determining complex architecture and growth of the cranial skeleton during embryogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we present a model of the hyoid apparatus development in Wnt1-Cre2-induced Meis2 conditional knock-out (cKO) mice. Meis2 cKO embryos develop an aberrant hyoid apparatus—a complete skeletal chain from the base of the neurocranium to lesser horns of the hyoid, resembling extreme human pathologies of the hyoid-larynx region. We examined key stages of hyoid skeletogenesis to obtain a complex image of the hyoid apparatus formation. Lack of Meis2 resulted in ectopic loci of mesenchymal condensations, ectopic cartilage and bone formation, disinhibition of skeletogenesis, and elevated proliferation of cartilage precursors. We presume that all these mechanisms contribute to formation of the aberrant skeletal chain in the hyoid region. Moreover, Meis2 cKO embryos exhibit severely reduced expression of PBX1 and HAND2 in the hyoid region. Altogether, MEIS2 in conjunction with PBX1 and HAND2 affects mesenchymal condensation, specification and proliferation of cartilage precursors to ensure development of the anatomically correct hyoid apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Fabik
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktorie Psutkova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Machon
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Ondrej Machon,
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11
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Reeck JC, Oxford JT. The Shape of the Jaw-Zebrafish Col11a1a Regulates Meckel's Cartilage Morphogenesis and Mineralization. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10040040. [PMID: 36278545 PMCID: PMC9590009 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the col11a1a gene is essential for normal skeletal development, affecting both cartilage and bone. Loss of function mutations have been shown to cause abnormalities in the growth plate of long bones, as well as in craniofacial development. However, the specific effects on Meckel's cartilage have not been well studied. To further understand the effect of col11a1a gene function, we analyzed the developing jaw in zebrafish using gene knockdown by the injection of an antisense morpholino oligonucleotide using transgenic Tg(sp7:EGFP) and Tg(Fli1a:EGFP) EGFP reporter fish, as well as wildtype AB zebrafish. Our results demonstrate that zebrafish col11a1a knockdown impairs the cellular organization of Meckel's cartilage in the developing jaw and alters the bone formation that occurs adjacent to the Meckel's cartilage. These results suggest roles for Col11a1a protein in cartilage intermediates of bone development, the subsequent mineralization of the bony collar of long bones, and that which occurs adjacent to Meckel's cartilage in the developing jaw.
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12
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Tan WH, Winkler C. A non-disruptive and efficient knock-in approach allows fate tracing of resident osteoblast progenitors during repair of vertebral lesions in medaka. Development 2022; 149:275483. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
During bone development and repair, osteoblasts are recruited to bone deposition sites. To identify the origin of recruited osteoblasts, cell lineage tracing using Cre/loxP recombination is commonly used. However, a confounding factor is the use of transgenic Cre drivers that do not accurately recapitulate endogenous gene expression or the use of knock-in Cre drivers that alter endogenous protein activity or levels. Here, we describe a CRISPR/Cas9 homology-directed repair knock-in approach that allows efficient generation of Cre drivers controlled by the endogenous gene promoter. In addition, a self-cleaving peptide preserves the reading frame of the endogenous protein. Using this approach, we generated col10a1p2a-CreERT2 knock-in medaka and show that tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 efficiently recombined loxP sites in col10a1 cells. Similar knock-in efficiencies were obtained when two unrelated loci (osr1 and col2a1a) were targeted. Using live imaging, we traced the fate of col10a1 osteoblast progenitors during bone lesion repair in the medaka vertebral column. We show that col10a1 cells at neural arches represent a mobilizable cellular source for bone repair. Together, our study describes a previously unreported strategy for precise cell lineage tracing via efficient and non-disruptive knock-in of Cre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hui Tan
- National University of Singapore Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences , , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Christoph Winkler
- National University of Singapore Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences , , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
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13
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Root ZD, Allen C, Gould C, Brewer M, Jandzik D, Medeiros DM. A Comprehensive Analysis of Fibrillar Collagens in Lamprey Suggests a Conserved Role in Vertebrate Musculoskeletal Evolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:809979. [PMID: 35242758 PMCID: PMC8887668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.809979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates have distinct tissues which are not present in invertebrate chordates nor other metazoans. The rise of these tissues also coincided with at least one round of whole-genome duplication as well as a suite of lineage-specific segmental duplications. Understanding whether novel genes lead to the origin and diversification of novel cell types, therefore, is of great importance in vertebrate evolution. Here we were particularly interested in the evolution of the vertebrate musculoskeletal system, the muscles and connective tissues that support a diversity of body plans. A major component of the musculoskeletal extracellular matrix (ECM) is fibrillar collagens, a gene family which has been greatly expanded upon in vertebrates. We thus asked whether the repertoire of fibrillar collagens in vertebrates reflects differences in the musculoskeletal system. To test this, we explored the diversity of fibrillar collagens in lamprey, a jawless vertebrate which diverged from jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) more than five hundred million years ago and has undergone its own gene duplications. Some of the principal components of vertebrate hyaline cartilage are the fibrillar collagens type II and XI, but their presence in cartilage development across all vertebrate taxa has been disputed. We particularly emphasized the characterization of genes in the lamprey hyaline cartilage, testing if its collagen repertoire was similar to that in gnathostomes. Overall, we discovered thirteen fibrillar collagens from all known gene subfamilies in lamprey and were able to identify several lineage-specific duplications. We found that, while the collagen loci have undergone rearrangement, the Clade A genes have remained linked with the hox clusters, a phenomenon also seen in gnathostomes. While the lamprey muscular tissue was largely similar to that seen in gnathostomes, we saw considerable differences in the larval lamprey skeletal tissue, with distinct collagen combinations pertaining to different cartilage types. Our gene expression analyses were unable to identify type II collagen in the sea lamprey hyaline cartilage nor any other fibrillar collagen during chondrogenesis at the stages observed, meaning that sea lamprey likely no longer require these genes during early cartilage development. Our findings suggest that fibrillar collagens were multifunctional across the musculoskeletal system in the last common ancestor of vertebrates and have been largely conserved, but these genes alone cannot explain the origin of novel cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Root
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Cara Allen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Claire Gould
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Margaux Brewer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - David Jandzik
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States.,Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel M Medeiros
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
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14
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Bergen DJM, Tong Q, Shukla A, Newham E, Zethof J, Lundberg M, Ryan R, Youlten SE, Frysz M, Croucher PI, Flik G, Richardson RJ, Kemp JP, Hammond CL, Metz JR. Regenerating zebrafish scales express a subset of evolutionary conserved genes involved in human skeletal disease. BMC Biol 2022; 20:21. [PMID: 35057801 PMCID: PMC8780716 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scales are mineralised exoskeletal structures that are part of the dermal skeleton. Scales have been mostly lost during evolution of terrestrial vertebrates whilst bony fish have retained a mineralised dermal skeleton in the form of fin rays and scales. Each scale is a mineralised collagen plate that is decorated with both matrix-building and resorbing cells. When removed, an ontogenetic scale is quickly replaced following differentiation of the scale pocket-lining cells that regenerate a scale. Processes promoting de novo matrix formation and mineralisation initiated during scale regeneration are poorly understood. Therefore, we performed transcriptomic analysis to determine gene networks and their pathways involved in dermal scale regeneration. Results We defined the transcriptomic profiles of ontogenetic and regenerating scales of zebrafish and identified 604 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These were enriched for extracellular matrix, ossification, and cell adhesion pathways, but not in enamel or dentin formation processes indicating that scales are reminiscent to bone. Hypergeometric tests involving monogenetic skeletal disorders showed that DEGs were strongly enriched for human orthologues that are mutated in low bone mass and abnormal bone mineralisation diseases (P< 2× 10−3). The DEGs were also enriched for human orthologues associated with polygenetic skeletal traits, including height (P< 6× 10−4), and estimated bone mineral density (eBMD, P< 2× 10−5). Zebrafish mutants of two human orthologues that were robustly associated with height (COL11A2, P=6× 10−24) or eBMD (SPP1, P=6× 10−20) showed both exo- and endo- skeletal abnormalities as predicted by our genetic association analyses; col11a2Y228X/Y228X mutants showed exoskeletal and endoskeletal features consistent with abnormal growth, whereas spp1P160X/P160X mutants predominantly showed mineralisation defects. Conclusion We show that scales have a strong osteogenic expression profile comparable to other elements of the dermal skeleton, enriched in genes that favour collagen matrix growth. Despite the many differences between scale and endoskeletal developmental processes, we also show that zebrafish scales express an evolutionarily conserved sub-population of genes that are relevant to human skeletal disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01209-8.
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15
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Larval Development in Tropical Gar (Atractosteus tropicus) Is Dependent on the Embryonic Thermal Regime: Ecological Implications under a Climate Change Context. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In ectotherm species, environmental temperature plays a key role in development, growth, and survival. Thus, determining how temperature affects fish populations is of utmost importance to accurately predict the risk of climate change over fisheries and aquaculture, critical to warrant nutrition and food security in the coming years. Here, the potential effects of abnormal thermal regimes (24, 28 and 32 °C; TR24, TR28, and TR32, respectively) exclusively applied during embryogenesis in tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) has been explored to decipher the potential consequences on hatching and growth from fertilization to 16 days post-fertilization (dpf), while effects on skeletal development and body morphology were explored at fertilization and 16 dpf. Egg incubation at higher temperatures induced an early hatching and mouth opening. A higher hatching rate was obtained in eggs incubated at 28 °C when compared to those at 24 °C. No differences were found in fish survival at 16 dpf, with values ranging from 84.89 to 88.86%, but increased wet body weight and standard length were found in larvae from TR24 and TR32 groups. Thermal regime during embryogenesis also altered the rate at which the skeletal development occurs. Larvae from the TR32 group showed an advanced skeletal development, with a higher development of cartilaginous structures at hatching but reduced at 16 dpf when compared with the TR24 and TR28 groups. Furthermore, this advanced skeletal development seemed to determine the fish body morphology. Based on biometric measures, a principal component analysis showed how along development, larvae from each thermal regime were clustered together, but with each population remaining clearly separated from each other. The current study shows how changes in temperature may induce craniofacial and morphological alterations in fish during early stages and contribute to understanding the possible effects of global warming in early development of fish and its ecological implications.
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16
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Atake OJ, Eames BF. Mineralized Cartilage and Bone-Like Tissues in Chondrichthyans Offer Potential Insights Into the Evolution and Development of Mineralized Tissues in the Vertebrate Endoskeleton. Front Genet 2021; 12:762042. [PMID: 35003210 PMCID: PMC8727550 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The impregnation of biominerals into the extracellular matrix of living organisms, a process termed biomineralization, gives rise to diverse mineralized (or calcified) tissues in vertebrates. Preservation of mineralized tissues in the fossil record has provided insights into the evolutionary history of vertebrates and their skeletons. However, current understanding of the vertebrate skeleton and of the processes underlying its formation is biased towards biomedical models such as the tetrapods mouse and chick. Chondrichthyans (sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras) and osteichthyans are the only vertebrate groups with extant (living) representatives that have a mineralized skeleton, but the basal phylogenetic position of chondrichthyans could potentially offer unique insights into skeletal evolution. For example, bone is a vertebrate novelty, but the internal supporting skeleton (endoskeleton) of extant chondrichthyans is commonly described as lacking bone. The molecular and developmental basis for this assertion is yet to be tested. Subperichondral tissues in the endoskeleton of some chondrichthyans display mineralization patterns and histological and molecular features of bone, thereby challenging the notion that extant chondrichthyans lack endoskeletal bone. Additionally, the chondrichthyan endoskeleton demonstrates some unique features and others that are potentially homologous with other vertebrates, including a polygonal mineralization pattern, a trabecular mineralization pattern, and an unconstricted perichordal sheath. Because of the basal phylogenetic position of chondrichthyans among all other extant vertebrates with a mineralized skeleton, developmental and molecular studies of chondrichthyans are critical to flesh out the evolution of vertebrate skeletal tissues, but only a handful of such studies have been carried out to date. This review discusses morphological and molecular features of chondrichthyan endoskeletal tissues and cell types, ultimately emphasizing how comparative embryology and transcriptomics can reveal homology of mineralized skeletal tissues (and their cell types) between chondrichthyans and other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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17
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Cádiz MI, López ME, Díaz-Domínguez D, Cáceres G, Marin-Nahuelpi R, Gomez-Uchida D, Canales-Aguirre CB, Orozco-terWengel P, Yáñez JM. Detection of selection signatures in the genome of a farmed population of anadromous rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Genomics 2021; 113:3395-3404. [PMID: 34339816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Domestication processes and artificial selection are likely to leave signatures that can be detected at a molecular level in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These signatures of selection are genomic regions that contain functional genetic variants conferring a higher fitness to their bearers. We genotyped 749 rainbow trout from a commercial population using a rainbow trout Axiom 57 K SNP array panel and identified putative genomic regions under selection using the pcadapt, Composite Likelihood Ratio (CLR) and Integrated Haplotype Score (iHS) methods. After applying quality-control pipelines and statistical analyses, we detected 12, 96 and 16 SNPs putatively under selection, associated with 96, 781 and 115 candidate genes, respectively. Several of these candidate genes were associated with growth, early development, reproduction, behavior and immune system traits. In addition, some of the SNPs were found in interesting regions located in autosomal inversions on Omy05 and Omy20. These findings could represent a genome-wide map of selection signatures in farmed rainbow trout and could be important in explaining domestication and selection for genetic traits of commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Cádiz
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, 8820808 Santiago, Chile; Núcleo Milenio de Salmónidos Invasores (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile
| | - María E López
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Drottningholm, Sweden
| | | | - Giovanna Cáceres
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, 8820808 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Marin-Nahuelpi
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, 8820808 Santiago, Chile; Núcleo Milenio de Salmónidos Invasores (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniel Gomez-Uchida
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Núcleo Milenio de Salmónidos Invasores (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian B Canales-Aguirre
- Centro i~Mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue 6 km, Puerto Montt, Chile; Núcleo Milenio de Salmónidos Invasores (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile
| | | | - José M Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, 8820808 Santiago, Chile; Núcleo Milenio de Salmónidos Invasores (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile.
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18
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Galea GL, Zein MR, Allen S, Francis-West P. Making and shaping endochondral and intramembranous bones. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:414-449. [PMID: 33314394 PMCID: PMC7986209 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal elements have a diverse range of shapes and sizes specialized to their various roles including protecting internal organs, locomotion, feeding, hearing, and vocalization. The precise positioning, size, and shape of skeletal elements is therefore critical for their function. During embryonic development, bone forms by endochondral or intramembranous ossification and can arise from the paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm or neural crest. This review describes inductive mechanisms to position and pattern bones within the developing embryo, compares and contrasts the intrinsic vs extrinsic mechanisms of endochondral and intramembranous skeletal development, and details known cellular processes that precisely determine skeletal shape and size. Key cellular mechanisms are employed at distinct stages of ossification, many of which occur in response to mechanical cues (eg, joint formation) or preempting future load‐bearing requirements. Rapid shape changes occur during cellular condensation and template establishment. Specialized cellular behaviors, such as chondrocyte hypertrophy in endochondral bone and secondary cartilage on intramembranous bones, also dramatically change template shape. Once ossification is complete, bone shape undergoes functional adaptation through (re)modeling. We also highlight how alterations in these cellular processes contribute to evolutionary change and how differences in the embryonic origin of bones can influence postnatal bone repair. Compares and contrasts Endochondral and intramembranous bone development Reviews embryonic origins of different bones Describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms of positioning skeletal elements. Describes mechanisms of skeletal growth with a focus on the generation of skeletal shape
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Galea
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Comparative Bioveterinary Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Mohamed R Zein
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steven Allen
- Comparative Bioveterinary Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Philippa Francis-West
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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19
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Anderson RA, Schwalbach KT, Mui SR, LeClair EE, Topczewska JM, Topczewski J. Zebrafish models of skeletal dysplasia induced by cholesterol biosynthesis deficiency. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm042549. [PMID: 32430393 PMCID: PMC7328163 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.042549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human disorders of the post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis pathway frequently result in skeletal abnormalities, yet our understanding of the mechanisms involved is limited. In a forward-genetic approach, we have found that a late-onset skeletal mutant, named kolibernu7 , is the result of a cis-acting regulatory mutation leading to loss of methylsterol monooxygenase 1 (msmo1) expression within pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes. Generated msmo1nu81 knockdown mutation resulted in lethality at larval stage. We demonstrated that this is a result of both cholesterol deprivation and sterol intermediate accumulation by creating a mutation eliminating activity of Lanosterol synthase (Lss). Our results indicate that double lssnu60;msmo1nu81 and single lssnu60 mutants survive significantly longer than msmo1nu81 homozygotes. Liver-specific restoration of either Msmo1 or Lss in corresponding mutant backgrounds suppresses larval lethality. Rescued mutants develop dramatic skeletal abnormalities, with a loss of Msmo1 activity resulting in a more-severe patterning defect of a near-complete loss of hypertrophic chondrocytes marked by col10a1a expression. Our analysis suggests that hypertrophic chondrocytes depend on endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and blocking C4 demethylation exacerbates the cholesterol deficiency phenotype. Our findings offer new insight into the genetic control of bone development and provide new zebrafish models for human disorders of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kevin T Schwalbach
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stephanie R Mui
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth E LeClair
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Jolanta M Topczewska
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jacek Topczewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
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20
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Nguyen JKB, Eames BF. Evolutionary repression of chondrogenic genes in the vertebrate osteoblast. FEBS J 2020; 287:4354-4361. [PMID: 31994313 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression in extant animals might reveal how skeletal cells have evolved over the past 500 million years. The cells that make up cartilage (chondrocytes) and bone (osteoblasts) express many of the same genes, but they also have important molecular differences that allow us to distinguish them as separate cell types. For example, traditional studies of later-diverged vertebrates, such as mouse and chick, defined the genes Col2a1 and sex-determining region Y-box 9 as cartilage-specific. However, recent studies have shown that osteoblasts of earlier-diverged vertebrates, such as frog, gar, and zebrafish, express these 'chondrogenic' markers. In this review, we examine the resulting hypothesis that chondrogenic gene expression became repressed in osteoblasts over evolutionary time. The amphibian is an underexplored skeletal model that is uniquely positioned to address this hypothesis, especially given that it diverged when life transitioned from water to land. Given the relationship between phylogeny and ontogeny, a novel discovery for skeletal cell evolution might bolster our understanding of skeletal cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K B Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - B Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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21
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Debiais-Thibaud M, Simion P, Ventéo S, Muñoz D, Marcellini S, Mazan S, Haitina T. Skeletal Mineralization in Association with Type X Collagen Expression Is an Ancestral Feature for Jawed Vertebrates. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 36:2265-2276. [PMID: 31270539 PMCID: PMC6759074 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to characterize the molecular bases of mineralizing cell evolution, we targeted type X collagen, a nonfibrillar network forming collagen encoded by the Col10a1 gene. It is involved in the process of endochondral ossification in ray-finned fishes and tetrapods (Osteichthyes), but until now unknown in cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes). We show that holocephalans and elasmobranchs have respectively five and six tandemly duplicated Col10a1 gene copies that display conserved genomic synteny with osteichthyan Col10a1 genes. All Col10a1 genes in the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula are expressed in ameloblasts and/or odontoblasts of teeth and scales, during the stages of extracellular matrix protein secretion and mineralization. Only one duplicate is expressed in the endoskeletal (vertebral) mineralizing tissues. We also show that the expression of type X collagen is present in teeth of two osteichthyans, the zebrafish Danio rerio and the western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis, indicating an ancestral jawed vertebrate involvement of type X collagen in odontode formation. Our findings push the origin of Col10a1 gene prior to the divergence of osteichthyans and chondrichthyans, and demonstrate its ancestral association with mineralization of both the odontode skeleton and the endoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Simion
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Ventéo
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, Inserm UMR1051, University of Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - David Muñoz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sylvie Mazan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, CNRS UMR7232 Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Tatjana Haitina
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Tonelli F, Bek JW, Besio R, De Clercq A, Leoni L, Salmon P, Coucke PJ, Willaert A, Forlino A. Zebrafish: A Resourceful Vertebrate Model to Investigate Skeletal Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:489. [PMID: 32849280 PMCID: PMC7416647 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential tools for addressing fundamental scientific questions about skeletal diseases and for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Traditionally, mice have been the most common model organism in biomedical research, but their use is hampered by several limitations including complex generation, demanding investigation of early developmental stages, regulatory restrictions on breeding, and high maintenance cost. The zebrafish has been used as an efficient alternative vertebrate model for the study of human skeletal diseases, thanks to its easy genetic manipulation, high fecundity, external fertilization, transparency of rapidly developing embryos, and low maintenance cost. Furthermore, zebrafish share similar skeletal cells and ossification types with mammals. In the last decades, the use of both forward and new reverse genetics techniques has resulted in the generation of many mutant lines carrying skeletal phenotypes associated with human diseases. In addition, transgenic lines expressing fluorescent proteins under bone cell- or pathway- specific promoters enable in vivo imaging of differentiation and signaling at the cellular level. Despite the small size of the zebrafish, many traditional techniques for skeletal phenotyping, such as x-ray and microCT imaging and histological approaches, can be applied using the appropriate equipment and custom protocols. The ability of adult zebrafish to remodel skeletal tissues can be exploited as a unique tool to investigate bone formation and repair. Finally, the permeability of embryos to chemicals dissolved in water, together with the availability of large numbers of small-sized animals makes zebrafish a perfect model for high-throughput bone anabolic drug screening. This review aims to discuss the techniques that make zebrafish a powerful model to investigate the molecular and physiological basis of skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tonelli
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jan Willem Bek
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberta Besio
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Leoni
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Paul J. Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonella Forlino
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23
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Granadeiro L, Dirks RP, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Gavaia PJ, Sarasquete C, Laizé V, Cancela ML, Fernández I. Warfarin-exposed zebrafish embryos resembles human warfarin embryopathy in a dose and developmental-time dependent manner - From molecular mechanisms to environmental concerns. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:559-571. [PMID: 31238190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Warfarin is the most worldwide used anticoagulant drug and rodenticide. Since it crosses placental barrier it can induce warfarin embryopathy (WE), a fetal mortality in neonates characterized by skeletal deformities in addition to brain hemorrhages. Although the effects of warfarin exposure in aquatic off target species were already described, the particular molecular toxicological mechanisms during early development are still unclear. Here, we used zebrafish (Danio rerio) to describe and compare the developmental effects of warfarin exposure (0, 15.13, 75.68 and 378.43 mM) on two distinct early developmental phases (embryos and eleuthero-embryos). Although exposure to both developmental phases induced fish mortality, only embryos exposed to the highest warfarin level exhibited features mimicking mammalian WE, e.g. high mortality, higher incidence of hemorrhages and altered skeletal development, among other effects. To gain insights into the toxic mechanisms underlying warfarin exposure, the transcriptome of embryos exposed to warfarin was explored through RNA-Seq and compared to that of control embryos. 766 differentially expressed (564 up- and 202 down-regulated) genes were identified. Gene Ontology analysis revealed particular cellular components (cytoplasm, extracellular matrix, lysosome and vacuole), biological processes (mainly amino acid and lipid metabolism and response to stimulus) and pathways (oxidative stress response and apoptosis signaling pathways) being significantly overrepresented in zebrafish embryos upon warfarin exposure. Protein-protein interaction further evidenced an altered redox system, blood coagulation and vasculogenesis, visual phototransduction and collagen formation upon warfarin exposure. The present study not only describes for the first time the WE in zebrafish, it provides new insights for a better risk assessment, and highlights the need for programming the rat eradication actions outside the fish spawning season to avoid an impact on off target fish community. The urge for the development of more species-specific anticoagulants for rodent pest control is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Granadeiro
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ron P Dirks
- ZF-screens B.V. J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333, CH Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Juan B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN/CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Apdo. Oficial, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina (DCBM), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN/CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Apdo. Oficial, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina (DCBM), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC) and Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Center for Aquaculture Research, Agrarian Technological Institute of Castile and Leon, Ctra. Arévalo, S/n. 40196 Zamarramala, Segovia, Spain.
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24
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Kaucka M, Adameyko I. Evolution and development of the cartilaginous skull: From a lancelet towards a human face. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 91:2-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Peng J, Zeng D, He P, Wei P, Hui W, Wu T, Zhuo X, Lin Y. mRNA and microRNA transcriptomics analyses in intermuscular bones of two carp species, rice flower carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Quanzhounensis) and Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 30:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Seda M, Peskett E, Demetriou C, Bryant D, Moore GE, Stanier P, Jenkins D. Analysis of transgenic zebrafish expressing the Lenz-Majewski syndrome gene PTDSS1 in skeletal cell lineages. F1000Res 2019; 8:273. [PMID: 31231513 PMCID: PMC6557000 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17314.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lenz-Majewski syndrome (LMS) is characterized by osteosclerosis and hyperostosis of skull, vertebrae and tubular bones as well as craniofacial, dental, cutaneous, and digit abnormalities. We previously found that LMS is caused by de novo dominant missense mutations in the PTDSS1 gene, which encodes phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (PSS1), an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylserine. The mutations causing LMS result in a gain-of-function, leading to increased enzyme activity and blocking end-product inhibition of PSS1. Methods: Here, we have used transpose-mediated transgenesis to attempt to stably express wild-type and mutant forms of human PTDSS1 ubiquitously or specifically in chondrocytes, osteoblasts or osteoclasts in zebrafish. Results: We report multiple genomic integration sites for each of 8 different transgenes. While we confirmed that the ubiquitously driven transgene constructs were functional in terms of driving gene expression following transient transfection in HeLa cells, and that all lines exhibited expression of a heart-specific cistron within the transgene, we failed to detect PTDSS1 gene expression at either the RNA or protein levels in zebrafish. All wild-type and mutant transgenic lines of zebrafish exhibited mild scoliosis with variable incomplete penetrance which was never observed in non-transgenic animals. Conclusions: Collectively the data suggest that the transgenes are silenced, that animals with integrations that escape silencing are not viable, or that other technical factors prevent transgene expression. In conclusion, the incomplete penetrance of the phenotype and the lack of a matched transgenic control model precludes further meaningful investigations of these transgenic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Seda
- GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Emma Peskett
- GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Dale Bryant
- GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Gudrun E. Moore
- GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philip Stanier
- GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dagan Jenkins
- GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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27
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Giovannone D, Paul S, Schindler S, Arata C, Farmer DT, Patel P, Smeeton J, Crump JG. Programmed conversion of hypertrophic chondrocytes into osteoblasts and marrow adipocytes within zebrafish bones. eLife 2019; 8:42736. [PMID: 30785394 PMCID: PMC6398980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of the vertebrate skeleton develops from cartilage templates that are progressively remodeled into bone. Lineage tracing studies in mouse suggest that chondrocytes within these templates persist and become osteoblasts, yet the underlying mechanisms of this process and whether chondrocytes can generate other derivatives remain unclear. We find that zebrafish cartilages undergo extensive remodeling and vascularization during juvenile stages to generate fat-filled bones. Growth plate chondrocytes marked by sox10 and col2a1a contribute to osteoblasts, marrow adipocytes, and mesenchymal cells within adult bones. At the edge of the hypertrophic zone, chondrocytes re-enter the cell cycle and express leptin receptor (lepr), suggesting conversion into progenitors. Further, mutation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9) results in delayed growth plate remodeling and fewer marrow adipocytes. Our data support Mmp9-dependent growth plate remodeling and conversion of chondrocytes into osteoblasts and marrow adipocytes as conserved features of bony vertebrates. Our adult bones are made of a fatty tissue, called marrow, wrapped inside a hard outer layer produced by bone cells. They may appear stiff and unyielding, but our bones are actually dynamic structures. Early in life, most bones start as small ‘templates’ made of another, flexible tissue called cartilage. As the templates grow into adult bones, the cartilage is gradually replaced by bone and fat, but this process is still poorly understood. For example, it is not clear whether cartilage cells simply die and make way for new cells, or instead if they turn into bone and fat cells. To investigate this question, Giovannone, Paul et al. set out to follow the fate of early cartilage cells in zebrafish, and to compare this with what happens in mammals. Zebrafish were chosen because their skeleton and ours develop in similar ways; yet, these animals are much easier to study, in particular because their embryos are transparent. Young cartilage cells were ‘tagged’ with a long-lasting fluorescent protein in genetically engineered zebrafish embryos, and then followed over time. As the embryos started to form bones, the cartilage cells gave rise to bone cells, fat cells, and also potentially adult stem cells within the marrow, which can become other types of cells. This process required a protein called Mmp9, which also helps shape bone development in other organisms, including humans. Defects in how early cartilage templates morph into bone and fat may contribute to dwarfism and other severe conditions. Fully grasping the molecular mechanisms that preside over this complex transition may one day help design drugs to treat skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion Giovannone
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Sandeep Paul
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Simone Schindler
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Claire Arata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - D'Juan T Farmer
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Punam Patel
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Joanna Smeeton
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
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Ofer L, Dean MN, Zaslansky P, Kult S, Shwartz Y, Zaretsky J, Griess-Fishheimer S, Monsonego-Ornan E, Zelzer E, Shahar R. A novel nonosteocytic regulatory mechanism of bone modeling. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000140. [PMID: 30707688 PMCID: PMC6373971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes, cells forming an elaborate network within the bones of most vertebrate taxa, are thought to be the master regulators of bone modeling, a process of coordinated, local bone-tissue deposition and removal that keeps bone strains at safe levels throughout life. Neoteleost fish, however, lack osteocytes and yet are known to be capable of bone modeling, although no osteocyte-independent modeling regulatory mechanism has so far been described. Here, we characterize a novel, to our knowledge, bone-modeling regulatory mechanism in a fish species (medaka), showing that although lacking osteocytes (i.e., internal mechanosensors), when loaded, medaka bones model in mechanically directed ways, successfully reducing high tissue strains. We establish that as in mammals, modeling in medaka is regulated by the SOST gene, demonstrating a mechanistic link between skeletal loading, SOST down-regulation, and intense bone deposition. However, whereas mammalian SOST is expressed almost exclusively by osteocytes, in both medaka and zebrafish (a species with osteocytic bones), SOST is expressed by a variety of nonosteocytic cells, none of which reside within the bone bulk. These findings argue that in fishes (and perhaps other vertebrates), nonosteocytic skeletal cells are both sensors and responders, shouldering duties believed exclusive to osteocytes. This previously unrecognized, SOST-dependent, osteocyte-independent mechanism challenges current paradigms of osteocyte exclusivity in bone-modeling regulation, suggesting the existence of multivariate feedback networks in bone modeling-perhaps also in mammalian bones-and thus arguing for the possibility of untapped potential for cell targets in bone therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Ofer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mason N. Dean
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids & Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shiri Kult
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yulia Shwartz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Janna Zaretsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shelley Griess-Fishheimer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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29
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Giffin JL, Gaitor D, Franz-Odendaal TA. The Forgotten Skeletogenic Condensations: A Comparison of Early Skeletal Development Amongst Vertebrates. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7010004. [PMID: 30717314 PMCID: PMC6473759 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a skeletogenic condensation is perhaps the most critical yet considerably overlooked stage of skeletogenesis. Described in this comprehensive review are the mechanisms that facilitate skeletogenic condensation formation, growth, and maintenance to allow for overt differentiation into a skeletal element. This review discusses the current knowledge of gene regulation and characterization of skeletogenic condensations in the chicken, mouse, zebrafish, and other developmental models. We limited our scope to condensations that give rise to the bones and cartilages of the vertebrate skeleton, with a particular focus on craniofacial and limb bud regions. While many of the skeletogenic processes are similar among vertebrate lineages, differences are apparent in the site and timing of the initial epithelial⁻mesenchymal interactions as well as in whether the condensation has an osteogenic or chondrogenic fate, both within and among species. Further comparative studies are needed to clarify and broaden the existing knowledge of this intricate phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Giffin
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
| | - Danielle Gaitor
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Tamara A Franz-Odendaal
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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30
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Lawrence EA, Kague E, Aggleton JA, Harniman RL, Roddy KA, Hammond CL. The mechanical impact of col11a2 loss on joints; col11a2 mutant zebrafish show changes to joint development and function, which leads to early-onset osteoarthritis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0335. [PMID: 30249781 PMCID: PMC6158203 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the major structural component of cartilage, and mutations in the genes encoding type XI collagen are associated with severe skeletal dysplasias (fibrochondrogenesis and Stickler syndrome) and early-onset osteoarthritis (OA). The impact of the lack of type XI collagen on cell behaviour and mechanical performance during skeleton development is unknown. We studied a zebrafish mutant for col11a2 and evaluated cartilage, bone development and mechanical properties to address this. We show that in col11a2 mutants, type II collagen is made but is prematurely degraded in maturing cartilage and ectopically expressed in the joint. These changes are correlated with increased stiffness of both bone and cartilage; quantified using atomic force microscopy. In the mutants, the skeletal rudiment terminal region in the jaw joint is broader and the interzone smaller. These differences in shape and material properties impact on joint function and mechanical performance, which we modelled using finite element analyses. Finally, we show that col11a2 heterozygous carriers reach adulthood but show signs of severe early-onset OA. Taken together, our data demonstrate a key role for type XI collagen in maintaining the properties of cartilage matrix; which when lost leads to alterations to cell behaviour that give rise to joint pathologies.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Mechanics of development'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lawrence
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jessye A Aggleton
- School of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | | | - Karen A Roddy
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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31
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Turko AJ, Kültz D, Fudge D, Croll RP, Smith FM, Stoyek MR, Wright PA. Skeletal stiffening in an amphibious fish out of water is a response to increased body weight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 220:3621-3631. [PMID: 29046415 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.161638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial animals must support their bodies against gravity, while aquatic animals are effectively weightless because of buoyant support from water. Given this evolutionary history of minimal gravitational loading of fishes in water, it has been hypothesized that weight-responsive musculoskeletal systems evolved during the tetrapod invasion of land and are thus absent in fishes. Amphibious fishes, however, experience increased effective weight when out of water - are these fishes responsive to gravitational loading? Contrary to the tetrapod-origin hypothesis, we found that terrestrial acclimation reversibly increased gill arch stiffness (∼60% increase) in the amphibious fish Kryptolebias marmoratus when loaded normally by gravity, but not under simulated microgravity. Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that this change in mechanical properties occurred via increased abundance of proteins responsible for bone mineralization in other fishes as well as in tetrapods. Type X collagen, associated with endochondral bone growth, increased in abundance almost ninefold after terrestrial acclimation. Collagen isoforms known to promote extracellular matrix cross-linking and cause tissue stiffening, such as types IX and XII collagen, also increased in abundance. Finally, more densely packed collagen fibrils in both gill arches and filaments were observed microscopically in terrestrially acclimated fish. Our results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the fish musculoskeletal system can be fine-tuned in response to changes in effective body weight using biochemical pathways similar to those in mammals, suggesting that weight sensing is an ancestral vertebrate trait rather than a tetrapod innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J Turko
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Dietmar Kültz
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Douglas Fudge
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.,Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 1 University Dr., Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Roger P Croll
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Frank M Smith
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Matthew R Stoyek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2.,Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Patricia A Wright
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
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32
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Seidel R, Blumer M, Pechriggl EJ, Lyons K, Hall BK, Fratzl P, Weaver JC, Dean MN. Calcified cartilage or bone? Collagens in the tessellated endoskeletons of cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays). J Struct Biol 2017; 200:54-71. [PMID: 28923317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary skeletal tissue in elasmobranchs -sharks, rays and relatives- is cartilage, forming both embryonic and adult endoskeletons. Only the skeletal surface calcifies, exhibiting mineralized tiles (tesserae) sandwiched between a cartilage core and overlying fibrous perichondrium. These two tissues are based on different collagens (Coll II and I, respectively), fueling a long-standing debate as to whether tesserae are more like calcified cartilage or bone (Coll 1-based) in their matrix composition. We demonstrate that stingray (Urobatis halleri) tesserae are bipartite, having an upper Coll I-based 'cap' that merges into a lower Coll II-based 'body' zone, although tesserae are surrounded by cartilage. We identify a 'supratesseral' unmineralized cartilage layer, between tesserae and perichondrium, distinguished from the cartilage core in containing Coll I and X (a common marker for mammalian mineralization), in addition to Coll II. Chondrocytes within tesserae appear intact and sit in lacunae filled with Coll II-based matrix, suggesting tesserae originate in cartilage, despite comprising a diversity of collagens. Intertesseral joints are also complex in their collagenous composition, being similar to supratesseral cartilage closer to the perichondrium, but containing unidentified fibrils nearer the cartilage core. Our results indicate a unique potential for tessellated cartilage in skeletal biology research, since it lacks features believed diagnostic for vertebrate cartilage mineralization (e.g. hypertrophic and apoptotic chondrocytes), while offering morphologies amenable for investigating the regulation of complex mineralized ultrastructure and tissues patterned on multiple collagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Seidel
- Department Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids & Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Michael Blumer
- Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Kady Lyons
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Brian K Hall
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS, Canada
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids & Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - James C Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mason N Dean
- Department Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids & Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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33
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Seemann F, Jeong CB, Zhang G, Wan MT, Guo B, Peterson DR, Lee JS, Au DWT. Ancestral benzo[a]pyrene exposure affects bone integrity in F3 adult fish (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 183:127-134. [PMID: 28061388 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) at an environmentally relevant concentration (1μg/L) has previously been shown to affect bone development in a transgenerational manner in F3 medaka (Oryzias latipes) larvae (17dph). Here, we provide novel histomorphometric data demonstrating that the impaired bone formation at an early life stage is not recoverable and can result in a persistent transgenerational impairment of bone metabolism in F3 adult fish. A decrease in bone thickness and the occurrence of microcracks in ancestrally BaP-treated adult male fish (F3) were revealed by MicroCt measurement and histopathological analysis. The expression of twenty conserved bone miRNAs were screened in medaka and their relative expression (in the F3 ancestral BaP treatment vs the F3 control fish) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Attempt was made to link bone miRNA expression with the potential target bone mRNA expression in medaka. Five functional pairs of mRNA/miRNA were identified (Osx/miR-214, Col2a1b/miR-29b, Runx2/miR-204, Sox9b/miR-199a-3p, APC/miR-27b). Unique knowledge of bone-related miRNA expression in medaka in response to ancestral BaP-exposure in the F3 generation is presented. From the ecological risk assessment perspective, BaP needs to be regarded as a transgenerational skeletal toxicant which exerts a far-reaching impact on fish survival and fitness. Given that the underlying mechanisms of cartilage/bone formation are conserved between medaka and mammals, the results may also shed light on the potential transgenerational effect of BaP on skeletal disorders in mammals/humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Seemann
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Miles Teng Wan
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Baosheng Guo
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Drew Ryan Peterson
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Doris Wai-Ting Au
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong.
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34
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Evolutionary origin of endochondral ossification: the transdifferentiation hypothesis. Dev Genes Evol 2016; 227:121-127. [DOI: 10.1007/s00427-016-0567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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35
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Ling IT, Rochard L, Liao EC. Distinct requirements of wls, wnt9a, wnt5b and gpc4 in regulating chondrocyte maturation and timing of endochondral ossification. Dev Biol 2016; 421:219-232. [PMID: 27908786 PMCID: PMC5266562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the mandible requires progressive morphologic change, proliferation, differentiation and organization of chondrocytes preceding osteogenesis. The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in regulating bone development and maintenance. Chondrocytes that are fated to become bone require Wnt to polarize and orientate appropriately to initiate the endochondral ossification program. Although the canonical Wnt signaling has been well studied in the context of bone development, the effects of non-canonical Wnt signaling in regulating the timing of cartilage maturation and subsequent bone formation in shaping ventral craniofacial structure is not fully understood.. Here we examined the role of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway (wls, gpc4, wnt5b and wnt9a) in regulating zebrafish Meckel's cartilage maturation to the onset of osteogenic differentiation. We found that disruption of wls resulted in a significant loss of craniofacial bone, whereas lack of gpc4, wnt5b and wnt9a resulted in severely delayed endochondral ossification. This study demonstrates the importance of the non-canonical Wnt pathway in regulating coordinated ventral cartilage morphogenesis and ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Tc Ling
- Center for Regenerative Medic ine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; School of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, UK
| | - Lucie Rochard
- Center for Regenerative Medic ine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eric C Liao
- Center for Regenerative Medic ine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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36
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Paul S, Crump JG. Lessons on skeletal cell plasticity from studying jawbone regeneration in zebrafish. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:853. [PMID: 27867499 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three major mesenchymal cell types have important roles in determining the shapes of vertebrate animals: bone-producing osteoblasts, cartilage-producing chondrocytes, and fat-producing adipocytes. Although often considered discrete cell types, accumulating evidence is revealing mesenchymal cells of intermediate identities and interconversion of cell types. Such plasticity is particularly evident during adult skeletal repair. In this Review, we highlight recent work in zebrafish showing a role for hybrid cartilage-bone cells in large-scale regeneration of the adult jawbone, as well as their origins in the periosteum. An emerging theme is that the unique mechanical and signaling environment of the adult wound causes skeletal cell differentiation to diverge from the discrete lineages seen during development, which may aid in rapid and extensive regeneration of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Paul
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA, USA
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37
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Topczewska JM, Shoela RA, Tomaszewski JP, Mirmira RB, Gosain AK. The Morphogenesis of Cranial Sutures in Zebrafish. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165775. [PMID: 27829009 PMCID: PMC5102434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Using morphological, histological, and TEM analyses of the cranium, we provide a detailed description of bone and suture growth in zebrafish. Based on expression patterns and localization, we identified osteoblasts at different degrees of maturation. Our data confirm that, unlike in humans, zebrafish cranial sutures maintain lifelong patency to sustain skull growth. The cranial vault develops in a coordinated manner resulting in a structure that protects the brain. The zebrafish cranial roof parallels that of higher vertebrates and contains five major bones: one pair of frontal bones, one pair of parietal bones, and the supraoccipital bone. Parietal and frontal bones are formed by intramembranous ossification within a layer of mesenchyme positioned between the dermal mesenchyme and meninges surrounding the brain. The supraoccipital bone has an endochondral origin. Cranial bones are separated by connective tissue with a distinctive architecture of osteogenic cells and collagen fibrils. Here we show RNA in situ hybridization for col1a1a, col2a1a, col10a1, bglap/osteocalcin, fgfr1a, fgfr1b, fgfr2, fgfr3, foxq1, twist2, twist3, runx2a, runx2b, sp7/osterix, and spp1/ osteopontin, indicating that the expression of genes involved in suture development in mammals is preserved in zebrafish. We also present methods for examining the cranium and its sutures, which permit the study of the mechanisms involved in suture patency as well as their pathological obliteration. The model we develop has implications for the study of human disorders, including craniosynostosis, which affects 1 in 2,500 live births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta M. Topczewska
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ramy A. Shoela
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joanna P. Tomaszewski
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rupa B. Mirmira
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Gosain
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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38
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Fraher D, Hodge JM, Collier FM, McMillan JS, Kennedy RL, Ellis M, Nicholson GC, Walder K, Dodd S, Berk M, Pasco JA, Williams LJ, Gibert Y. Citalopram and sertraline exposure compromises embryonic bone development. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:656-64. [PMID: 26347317 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed treatments for depression and, as a class of drugs, are among the most used medications in the world. Concern regarding possible effects of SSRI treatment on fetal development has arisen recently as studies have suggested a link between maternal SSRI use and an increase in birth defects such as persistent pulmonary hypertension, seizures and craniosynostosis. Furthermore, SSRI exposure in adults is associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk, and serotonin receptors are expressed in human osteoblasts and osteoclasts. To determine possible effects of SSRI exposure on developing bone, we treated both zebrafish, during embryonic development, and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), during differentiation into osteoblasts, with the two most prescribed SSRIs, citalopram and sertraline. SSRI treatment in zebrafish decreased bone mineralization, visualized by alizarin red staining and decreased the expression of mature osteoblast-specific markers during embryogenesis. Furthermore, we showed that this inhibition was not associated with increased apoptosis. In differentiating human MSCs, we observed a decrease in osteoblast activity that was associated with a decrease in expression of the osteoblast-specific genes Runx2, Sparc and Spp1, measured with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Similar to the developing zebrafish, no increase in expression of the apoptotic marker Caspase 3 was observed. Therefore, we propose that SSRIs inhibit bone development by affecting osteoblast maturation during embryonic development and MSC differentiation. These results highlight the need to further investigate the risks of SSRI use during pregnancy in exposing unborn babies to potential skeletal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fraher
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,IMPACT and MMR Strategic Research Centres, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - J M Hodge
- IMPACT and MMR Strategic Research Centres, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Barwon Biomedical Research, University Hospital, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - F M Collier
- IMPACT and MMR Strategic Research Centres, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - J S McMillan
- Barwon Biomedical Research, University Hospital, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - R L Kennedy
- Barwon Biomedical Research, University Hospital, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - M Ellis
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,IMPACT and MMR Strategic Research Centres, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - G C Nicholson
- Barwon Biomedical Research, University Hospital, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - K Walder
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,IMPACT and MMR Strategic Research Centres, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - S Dodd
- IMPACT and MMR Strategic Research Centres, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - M Berk
- IMPACT and MMR Strategic Research Centres, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and the Centre for Youth Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - J A Pasco
- IMPACT and MMR Strategic Research Centres, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Northwest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - L J Williams
- IMPACT and MMR Strategic Research Centres, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Y Gibert
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,IMPACT and MMR Strategic Research Centres, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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39
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Kaneko T, Freeha K, Wu X, Mogi M, Uji S, Yokoi H, Suzuki T. Role of notochord cells and sclerotome-derived cells in vertebral column development in fugu, Takifugu rubripes: histological and gene expression analyses. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:37-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Izadifar Z, Chang T, Kulyk W, Chen X, Eames BF. Analyzing Biological Performance of 3D-Printed, Cell-Impregnated Hybrid Constructs for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:173-88. [PMID: 26592915 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of hybrid constructs is a promising biofabrication method for cartilage tissue engineering because a synthetic polymer framework and cell-impregnated hydrogel provide structural and biological features of cartilage, respectively. During bioprinting, impregnated cells may be subjected to high temperatures (caused by the adjacent melted polymer) and process-induced mechanical forces, potentially compromising cell function. This study addresses these biofabrication issues, evaluating the heat distribution of printed polycaprolactone (PCL) strands and the rheological property and structural stability of alginate hydrogels at various temperatures and concentrations. The biocompatibility of parameters from these studies was tested by culturing 3D hybrid constructs bioprinted with primary cells from embryonic chick cartilage. During initial two-dimensional culture expansion of these primary cells, two morphologically and molecularly distinct cell populations ("rounded" and "fibroblastic") were isolated. The biological performance of each population was evaluated in 3D hybrid constructs separately. The cell viability, proliferation, and cartilage differentiation were observed at high levels in hybrid constructs of both cell populations, confirming the validity of these 3D bioprinting parameters for effective cartilage tissue engineering. Statistically significant performance variations were observed, however, between the rounded and fibroblastic cell populations. Molecular and morphological data support the notion that such performance differences may be attributed to the relative differentiation state of rounded versus fibroblastic cells (i.e., differentiated chondrocytes vs. chondroprogenitors, respectively), which is a relevant issue for cell-based tissue engineering strategies. Taken together, our study demonstrates that bioprinting 3D hybrid constructs of PCL and cell-impregnated alginate hydrogel is a promising approach for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Izadifar
- 1 Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Tuanjie Chang
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
| | - William Kulyk
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- 1 Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada .,3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
| | - B Frank Eames
- 1 Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada .,2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Canada
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41
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Ibaraki H, Wu X, Uji S, Yokoi H, Sakai Y, Suzuki T. Transcriptome analysis of vertebral bone in the flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Teleostei, Pleuronectiformes), using Illumina sequencing. Mar Genomics 2015; 24 Pt 3:269-76. [PMID: 26452303 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The processes underlying vertebral development in teleosts and tetrapods differ markedly in a variety of ways. At present, the molecular basis of teleost vertebral development and growth is poorly understood. Understanding vertebral development at the molecular level is important for aquaculture to prevent vertebral anomalies that can arise from a variety of factors, including excess vitamin A (all-trans retinol, VA) in the diet. To facilitate studies on teloest vertebral development, we performed transcriptome analysis of four month old flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, vertebrae using next-generation sequencing. Expression profile obtained demonstrates that some members of the hh, bmp, fgf, wnt gene families, and their receptors, hox, pax, sox, dlx and tbx gene families and ntl, which are known to function in notochord and somite development in embryos, are expressed in the vertebrae. It was also showed that in addition to the retinoic acid receptor (Rar), the vertebrae express alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and retinal dehydrogenase 2 which convert VA to all-trans-retinoic acid (RA). The assembled contigs also included cytochrome p450 family members, which inactivate RA, as well as phosphatidylcholine-retinol O-acetyltransferase, which converts VA to all-trans-retinyl ester, a stock form of VA. These data suggest that in teleost vertebrae, expression of various signals and transcription factors which function in the notochord and somite development is maintained until adult stage, and RA metabolism and signaling are active to regulate transcription of RA-responsible genes, such as hedgehog and hox genes. This is the first transcriptome analysis of teleost fish vertebrae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Ibaraki
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Susumu Uji
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Farming Biology Division, Fisheries Research Agency, Mie 516-0193, Japan
| | - Hayato Yokoi
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sakai
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
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42
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Mariotti M, Carnovali M, Banfi G. Danio rerio: the Janus of the bone from embryo to scale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 12:188-94. [PMID: 26604948 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Danio rerio (zebrafish), like the Roman god Janus, is an old animal model which is recently emerged and looks to the future with an increasing scientific success. Unlike other traditional animal models, zebrafish represents a versatile way to approach the study of the skeleton. Transparency of the larval stage, genetic manipulability and unique anatomical structures (scales) makes zebrafish a powerful and versatile instrument to investigate the bone tissue in terms of structure and function. Like Janus, zebrafish offers two different faces, or better, two models in one animal: larval and adult stage. The embryo can be used to isolate new genes involved in osteogenesis by large-scale mutagenesis screenings. The behavior of bone cells and genes in osteogenesis can be investigate by using transgenic lines, vital dyes, mutants and traditional molecular biology techniques. The adult zebrafish represents an important resource to study the pathways related to the bone metabolism and turnover. In particular, the properties of the caudal fin allow to study mechanisms of bone regeneration and reparation whereas the elasmoid scale represents an unique tool to investigate the bone metabolism under physiological or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mariotti
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy ; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy ; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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43
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Gómez-Picos P, Eames BF. On the evolutionary relationship between chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Front Genet 2015; 6:297. [PMID: 26442113 PMCID: PMC4585068 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates are the only animals that produce bone, but the molecular genetic basis for this evolutionary novelty remains obscure. Here, we synthesize information from traditional evolutionary and modern molecular genetic studies in order to generate a working hypothesis on the evolution of the gene regulatory network (GRN) underlying bone formation. Since transcription factors are often core components of GRNs (i.e., kernels), we focus our analyses on Sox9 and Runx2. Our argument centers on three skeletal tissues that comprise the majority of the vertebrate skeleton: immature cartilage, mature cartilage, and bone. Immature cartilage is produced during early stages of cartilage differentiation and can persist into adulthood, whereas mature cartilage undergoes additional stages of differentiation, including hypertrophy and mineralization. Functionally, histologically, and embryologically, these three skeletal tissues are very similar, yet unique, suggesting that one might have evolved from another. Traditional studies of the fossil record, comparative anatomy and embryology demonstrate clearly that immature cartilage evolved before mature cartilage or bone. Modern molecular approaches show that the GRNs regulating differentiation of these three skeletal cell fates are similar, yet unique, just like the functional and histological features of the tissues themselves. Intriguingly, the Sox9 GRN driving cartilage formation appears to be dominant to the Runx2 GRN of bone. Emphasizing an embryological and evolutionary transcriptomic view, we hypothesize that the Runx2 GRN underlying bone formation was co-opted from mature cartilage. We discuss how modern molecular genetic experiments, such as comparative transcriptomics, can test this hypothesis directly, meanwhile permitting levels of constraint and adaptation to be evaluated quantitatively. Therefore, comparative transcriptomics may revolutionize understanding of not only the clade-specific evolution of skeletal cells, but also the generation of evolutionary novelties, providing a modern paradigm for the evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsy Gómez-Picos
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - B Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
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Enault S, Muñoz DN, Silva WTAF, Borday-Birraux V, Bonade M, Oulion S, Ventéo S, Marcellini S, Debiais-Thibaud M. Molecular footprinting of skeletal tissues in the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula and the clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis identifies conserved and derived features of vertebrate calcification. Front Genet 2015; 6:283. [PMID: 26442101 PMCID: PMC4584932 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary emergence and subsequent diversification of the vertebrate skeleton requires a comprehensive view of the diverse skeletal cell types found in distinct developmental contexts, tissues, and species. To date, our knowledge of the molecular nature of the shark calcified extracellular matrix, and its relationships with osteichthyan skeletal tissues, remain scarce. Here, based on specific combinations of expression patterns of the Col1a1, Col1a2, and Col2a1 fibrillar collagen genes, we compare the molecular footprint of endoskeletal elements from the chondrichthyan Scyliorhinus canicula and the tetrapod Xenopus tropicalis. We find that, depending on the anatomical location, Scyliorhinus skeletal calcification is associated to cell types expressing different subsets of fibrillar collagen genes, such as high levels of Col1a1 and Col1a2 in the neural arches, high levels of Col2a1 in the tesserae, or associated to a drastic Col2a1 downregulation in the centrum. We detect low Col2a1 levels in Xenopus osteoblasts, thereby revealing that the osteoblastic expression of this gene was significantly reduced in the tetrapod lineage. Finally, we uncover a striking parallel, from a molecular and histological perspective, between the vertebral cartilage calcification of both species and discuss the evolutionary origin of endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Enault
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR5554, Université Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRD, EPHE Montpellier, France
| | - David N Muñoz
- Laboratory of Development and Evolution, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Willian T A F Silva
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR5554, Université Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRD, EPHE Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Borday-Birraux
- Laboratoire EGCE UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 9191, IRD247, Université Paris Sud Gif-sur-Yvette, France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | - Morgane Bonade
- Laboratoire EGCE UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 9191, IRD247, Université Paris Sud Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Silvan Oulion
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR5554, Université Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRD, EPHE Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Ventéo
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1051 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Laboratory of Development and Evolution, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Mélanie Debiais-Thibaud
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR5554, Université Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRD, EPHE Montpellier, France
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Duran I, Csukasi F, Taylor S, Krakow D, Becerra J, Bombarely A, Marí-Beffa M. Collagen duplicate genes of bone and cartilage participate during regeneration of zebrafish fin skeleton. Gene Expr Patterns 2015; 19:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bertin A, Hanna P, Otarola G, Fritz A, Henriquez JP, Marcellini S. Cellular and molecular characterization of a novel primary osteoblast culture from the vertebrate model organism Xenopus tropicalis. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 143:431-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Bhat R, Chakraborty M, Mian IS, Newman SA. Structural divergence in vertebrate phylogeny of a duplicated prototype galectin. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:2721-30. [PMID: 25260584 PMCID: PMC4224342 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Prototype galectins, endogenously expressed animal lectins with a single carbohydrate recognition domain, are well-known regulators of tissue properties such as growth and adhesion. The earliest discovered and best studied of the prototype galectins is Galectin-1 (Gal-1). In the Gallus gallus (chicken) genome, Gal-1 is represented by two homologs: Gal-1A and Gal-1B, with distinct biochemical properties, tissue expression, and developmental functions. We investigated the origin of the Gal-1A/Gal-1B divergence to gain insight into when their developmental functions originated and how they could have contributed to vertebrate phenotypic evolution. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction showed that the Gal-1A/Gal-1B divergence can be traced back to the origin of the sauropsid lineage (consisting of extinct and extant reptiles and birds) although lineage-specific duplications also occurred in the amphibian and actinopterygian genomes. Gene synteny analysis showed that sauropsid gal-1b (the gene for Gal-1B) and its frog and actinopterygian gal-1 homologs share a similar chromosomal location, whereas sauropsid gal-1a has translocated to a new position. Surprisingly, we found that chicken Gal-1A, encoded by the translocated gal-1a, was more similar in its tertiary folding pattern than Gal-1B, encoded by the untranslocated gal-1b, to experimentally determined and predicted folds of nonsauropsid Gal-1s. This inference is consistent with our finding of a lower proportion of conserved residues in sauropsid Gal-1Bs, and evidence for positive selection of sauropsid gal-1b, but not gal-1a genes. We propose that the duplication and structural divergence of Gal-1B away from Gal-1A led to specialization in both expression and function in the sauropsid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramray Bhat
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Mahul Chakraborty
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine
| | - I S Mian
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Newman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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Braasch I, Peterson SM, Desvignes T, McCluskey BM, Batzel P, Postlethwait JH. A new model army: Emerging fish models to study the genomics of vertebrate Evo-Devo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2014; 324:316-41. [PMID: 25111899 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many fields of biology--including vertebrate Evo-Devo research--are facing an explosion of genomic and transcriptomic sequence information and a multitude of fish species are now swimming in this "genomic tsunami." Here, we first give an overview of recent developments in sequencing fish genomes and transcriptomes that identify properties of fish genomes requiring particular attention and propose strategies to overcome common challenges in fish genomics. We suggest that the generation of chromosome-level genome assemblies--for which we introduce the term "chromonome"--should be a key component of genomic investigations in fish because they enable large-scale conserved synteny analyses that inform orthology detection, a process critical for connectivity of genomes. Orthology calls in vertebrates, especially in teleost fish, are complicated by divergent evolution of gene repertoires and functions following two rounds of genome duplication in the ancestor of vertebrates and a third round at the base of teleost fish. Second, using examples of spotted gar, basal teleosts, zebrafish-related cyprinids, cavefish, livebearers, icefish, and lobefin fish, we illustrate how next generation sequencing technologies liberate emerging fish systems from genomic ignorance and transform them into a new model army to answer longstanding questions on the genomic and developmental basis of their biodiversity. Finally, we discuss recent progress in the genetic toolbox for the major fish models for functional analysis, zebrafish, and medaka, that can be transferred to many other fish species to study in vivo the functional effect of evolutionary genomic change as Evo-Devo research enters the postgenomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Braasch
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | | | | | | | - Peter Batzel
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
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Ayturk UM, Jacobsen CM, Christodoulou DC, Gorham J, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Robling AG, Warman ML. An RNA-seq protocol to identify mRNA expression changes in mouse diaphyseal bone: applications in mice with bone property altering Lrp5 mutations. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:2081-93. [PMID: 23553928 PMCID: PMC3743099 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function and certain missense mutations in the Wnt coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) significantly decrease or increase bone mass, respectively. These human skeletal phenotypes have been recapitulated in mice harboring Lrp5 knockout and knock-in mutations. We hypothesized that measuring mRNA expression in diaphyseal bone from mice with Lrp5 wild-type (Lrp5(+/+) ), knockout (Lrp5(-/-) ), and high bone mass (HBM)-causing (Lrp5(p.A214V/+) ) knock-in alleles could identify genes and pathways that regulate or are regulated by LRP5 activity. We performed RNA-seq on pairs of tibial diaphyseal bones from four 16-week-old mice with each of the aforementioned genotypes. We then evaluated different methods for controlling for contaminating nonskeletal tissue (ie, blood, bone marrow, and skeletal muscle) in our data. These methods included predigestion of diaphyseal bone with collagenase and separate transcriptional profiling of blood, skeletal muscle, and bone marrow. We found that collagenase digestion reduced contamination, but also altered gene expression in the remaining cells. In contrast, in silico filtering of the diaphyseal bone RNA-seq data for highly expressed blood, skeletal muscle, and bone marrow transcripts significantly increased the correlation between RNA-seq data from an animal's right and left tibias and from animals with the same Lrp5 genotype. We conclude that reliable and reproducible RNA-seq data can be obtained from mouse diaphyseal bone and that lack of LRP5 has a more pronounced effect on gene expression than the HBM-causing LRP5 missense mutation. We identified 84 differentially expressed protein-coding transcripts between LRP5 "sufficient" (ie, Lrp5(+/+) and Lrp5(p.A214V/+) ) and "insufficient" (Lrp5(-/-) ) diaphyseal bone, and far fewer differentially expressed genes between Lrp5(p.A214V/+) and Lrp5(+/+) diaphyseal bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur M Ayturk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Vieira FA, Thorne MAS, Stueber K, Darias M, Reinhardt R, Clark MS, Gisbert E, Power DM. Comparative analysis of a teleost skeleton transcriptome provides insight into its regulation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 191:45-58. [PMID: 23770218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An articulated endoskeleton that is calcified is a unifying innovation of the vertebrates, however the molecular basis of the structural divergence between terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates, such as teleost fish, has not been determined. In the present study long-read next generation sequencing (NGS, Roche 454 platform) was used to characterize acellular perichondral bone (vertebrae) and chondroid bone (gill arch) in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus). A total of 15.97 and 14.53Mb were produced, respectively from vertebrae and gill arch cDNA libraries and yielded 32,374 and 28,371 contigs (consensus sequences) respectively. 10,455 contigs from vertebrae and 10,625 contigs from gill arches were annotated with gene ontology terms. Comparative analysis of the global transcriptome revealed 4249 unique transcripts in vertebrae, 4201 unique transcripts in the gill arches and 3700 common transcripts. Several core gene networks were conserved between the gilthead sea bream and mammalian skeleton. Transcripts for putative endocrine factors were identified in acellular gilthead sea bream bone suggesting that in common with mammalian bone it can act as an endocrine tissue. The acellular bone of the vertebra, in contrast to current opinion based on histological analysis, was responsive to a short fast and significant (p<0.05) down-regulation of several transcripts identified by NGS, osteonectin, osteocalcin, cathepsin K and IGFI occurred. In gill arches fasting caused a significant (p<0.05) down-regulation of osteocalcin and up-regulation of MMP9.
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