1
|
Silva RJS, do Nascimento RS, Oliveira-Neto JAJ, Silva FQ, Piauiense JNF, Gomes CM, Pinheiro LML, Resque RL, Pinho JRR, Kupek E, Fischer B, Machado LFA, Martins LC, Lemos JAR, Oliveira-Filho AB. Detection and Genetic Characterization of Hepatitis B and D Viruses: A Multi-Site Cross-Sectional Study of People Who Use Illicit Drugs in the Amazon Region. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071380. [PMID: 34372586 PMCID: PMC8310228 DOI: 10.3390/v13071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B (HBV) and delta (HDV) viruses are endemic in the Amazon region, but vaccine coverage against HBV is still limited. People who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) represent a high-risk group due to common risk behavior and socioeconomic factors that facilitate the acquisition and transmission of pathogens. The present study assessed the presence of HBV and HBV-HDV co-infection, identified viral sub-genotypes, and verified the occurrence of mutations in coding regions for HBsAg and part of the polymerase in HBV-infected PWUDs in municipalities of the Brazilian states of Amapá and Pará, in the Amazon region. In total, 1074 PWUDs provided blood samples and personal data in 30 municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon. HBV and HDV were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction. Viral genotypes were identified by nucleotide sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis, whereas viral mutations were analyzed by specialized software. High rates of serological (32.2%) and molecular (7.2%) markers for HBV were detected, including cases of occult HBV infection (2.5%). Sub-genotypes A1, A2, D4, and F2a were most frequently found. Escape mutations due to vaccine and antiviral resistance were identified. Among PWUDs with HBV DNA, serological (19.5%) and molecular (11.7%) HDV markers were detected, such as HDV genotypes 1 and 3. These are worrying findings, presenting clear implications for urgent prevention and treatment needs for the carriers of these viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronylson José S. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (R.J.S.S.); (R.S.d.N.); (C.M.G.)
| | - Raquel Silva do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (R.J.S.S.); (R.S.d.N.); (C.M.G.)
| | - José Augusto J. Oliveira-Neto
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (J.A.J.O.-N.); (F.Q.S.)
| | - Fabricio Quaresma Silva
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (J.A.J.O.-N.); (F.Q.S.)
| | - Juliana Nádia F. Piauiense
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde na Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (J.N.F.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Camila Moraes Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (R.J.S.S.); (R.S.d.N.); (C.M.G.)
| | - Luiz Marcelo L. Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Campus do Marajó, Universidade Federal do Pará, Soure 68870-000, PA, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Lima Resque
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil;
| | - João Renato R. Pinho
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Emil Kupek
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil;
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3, Canada;
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando A. Machado
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (L.F.A.M.); (J.A.R.L.)
| | - Luísa Caricio Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde na Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (J.N.F.P.); (L.C.M.)
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre R. Lemos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (L.F.A.M.); (J.A.R.L.)
| | - Aldemir B. Oliveira-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (R.J.S.S.); (R.S.d.N.); (C.M.G.)
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (J.A.J.O.-N.); (F.Q.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3425-1209
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Novak-Frazer L, Anees-Hill SP, Hassan D, Masania R, Moore CB, Richardson MD, Denning DW, Rautemaa-Richardson R. Deciphering Aspergillus fumigatus cyp51A-mediated triazole resistance by pyrosequencing of respiratory specimens. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:3501-3509. [PMID: 32862231 PMCID: PMC7662182 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections caused by triazole drug-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus are an increasing problem. The sensitivity of standard culture is poor, abrogating susceptibility testing. Early detection of resistance can improve patient outcomes, yet tools for this purpose are limited. Objectives To develop and validate a pyrosequencing technique to detect resistance-conferring cyp51A polymorphisms from clinical respiratory specimens and A. fumigatus isolates. Methods Method validation was performed by Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing of 50 A. fumigatus isolates with a spectrum of triazole susceptibility patterns. Then, 326 Aspergillus quantitative PCR (qPCR)-positive respiratory samples collected over a 27 month period (January 2017–March 2019) from 160 patients at the UK National Aspergillosis Centre were assessed by cyp51A pyrosequencing. The Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing results were compared with those from high-volume culture and standard susceptibility testing. Results The cyp51A genotypes of the 50 isolates analysed by pyrosequencing and Sanger sequencing matched. Of the 326 Aspergillus qPCR-positive respiratory specimens, 71.2% were reported with no A. fumigatus growth. Of these, 56.9% (132/232) demonstrated a WT cyp51A genotype and 31.5% (73/232) a resistant genotype by pyrosequencing. Pyrosequencing identified the environmental TR34/L98H mutation in 18.7% (61/326) of the samples in contrast to 6.4% (21/326) pan-azole resistance detected by culture. Importantly, pyrosequencing detected resistance earlier than culture in 23.3% of specimens. Conclusions The pyrosequencing assay described could detect a wide range of cyp51A polymorphisms associated with triazole resistance, including those not identified by commercial assays. This method allowed prompt recognition of resistance and the selection of appropriate antifungal treatment when culture was negative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilyann Novak-Frazer
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, ECMM Centre of Excellence, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK.,The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Inflammation and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Samuel P Anees-Hill
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, ECMM Centre of Excellence, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Darin Hassan
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, ECMM Centre of Excellence, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Rikesh Masania
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, ECMM Centre of Excellence, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline B Moore
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, ECMM Centre of Excellence, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK.,The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Inflammation and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Malcolm D Richardson
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, ECMM Centre of Excellence, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK.,The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Inflammation and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - David W Denning
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Inflammation and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester, UK.,National Aspergillosis Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Riina Rautemaa-Richardson
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, ECMM Centre of Excellence, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK.,The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Infection, Inflammation and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester, UK.,National Aspergillosis Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Charpentier E, Garnaud C, Wintenberger C, Bailly S, Murat JB, Rendu J, Pavese P, Drouet T, Augier C, Malvezzi P, Thiébaut-Bertrand A, Mallaret MR, Epaulard O, Cornet M, Larrat S, Maubon D. Added Value of Next-Generation Sequencing for Multilocus Sequence Typing Analysis of a Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Outbreak1. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:1237-1245. [PMID: 28726611 PMCID: PMC5547796 DOI: 10.3201/eid2308.161295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii is a major threat for immunocompromised patients, and clusters of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) have been increasingly described in transplant units during the past decade. Exploring an outbreak transmission network requires complementary spatiotemporal and strain-typing approaches. We analyzed a PCP outbreak and demonstrated the added value of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) study of P. jirovecii strains. Thirty-two PCP patients were included. Among the 12 solid organ transplant patients, 5 shared a major and unique genotype that was also found as a minor strain in a sixth patient. A transmission map analysis strengthened the suspicion of nosocomial acquisition of this strain for the 6 patients. NGS-MLST enables accurate determination of subpopulation, which allowed excluding other patients from the transmission network. NGS-MLST genotyping approach was essential to deciphering this outbreak. This innovative approach brings new insights for future epidemiologic studies on this uncultivable opportunistic fungus.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee GH, Inoue M, Chong RHH, Toh J, Wee SY, Loh KS, Lim SG. Pyrosequencing method for sensitive detection of HBV drug resistance mutations. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1071-1079. [PMID: 29488627 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B (HBV) drug resistance assay is important for guiding therapy after the development of virologic breakthrough for patients receiving nucleoside/-tide analog therapy. However, the existing genotyping tools are either costly or lack sensitivity to detect mixed genotypes, and an improved method of resistant mutation detection is needed. An assay protocol for clinical application using pyrosequencing method was developed, capable of detecting all known validated HBV polymerase gene mutations that impart resistance to lamivudine, adefovir, tenofovir, and entecavir. Sixty-eight serum samples with known HBV resistance genotypes, previously tested with either Sanger sequencing assay or commercial line probe assay, were used for validation. Where there were discrepancies between the two methods, clonal sequencing by Sanger's method was used for confirmation. The modified pyrosequencing method accurately identified all the cloned polymerase genotypes and was able to distinguish as little as 5% of the mutant populations. This assay can be performed on serum sample with HBV DNA as low as 13.5 IU/mL. The cost per test was less than existing commercial assay. HBV drug resistance pyrosequencing assay was accurate, more sensitive and cheaper compared with the existing methods. It can detect minor populations of drug-resistant clones earlier, before the drug resistant clones become dominant, allowing the opportunity for an earlier change of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Huei Lee
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jimmy Toh
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Singapore
| | | | - Kah-Sin Loh
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Seng-Gee Lim
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rajoriya N, Combet C, Zoulim F, Janssen HLA. How viral genetic variants and genotypes influence disease and treatment outcome of chronic hepatitis B. Time for an individualised approach? J Hepatol 2017; 67:1281-1297. [PMID: 28736138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global problem. Several HBV genotypes exist with different biology and geographical prevalence. Whilst the future aim of HBV treatment remains viral eradication, current treatment strategies aim to suppress the virus and prevent the progression of liver disease. Current strategies also involve identification of patients for treatment, namely those at risk of progressive liver disease. Identification of HBV genotype, HBV mutants and other predictive factors allow for tailoured treatments, and risk-surveillance pathways, such as hepatocellular cancer screening. In the future, these factors may enable stratification not only of treatment decisions, but also of patients at risk of higher relapse rates when current therapies are discontinued. Newer technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, to assess drug-resistant or immune escape variants and quasi-species heterogeneity in patients, may allow for more information-based treatment decisions between the clinician and the patient. This article serves to discuss how HBV genotypes and genetic variants impact not only upon the disease course and outcomes, but also current treatment strategies. Adopting a personalised genotypic approach may play a role in future strategies to combat the disease. Herein, we discuss new technologies that may allow more informed decision-making for response guided therapy in the battle against HBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Rajoriya
- Toronto Centre for Liver Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Christophe Combet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69XXX, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69XXX, France; Department of Hepatology, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Toronto Centre for Liver Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Almeida RWD, Mello FCDA, Menegoy IV, Santo MPDE, Ginuíno CF, Sousa PSFD, Villar LM, Lampe E, Lewis-Ximenez LL. Detection and molecular characterisation of a diagnosis escape variant associated with occult hepatitis B virus in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:485-491. [PMID: 28591309 PMCID: PMC5452485 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have identified mutations in the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as important factors limiting the ability of commercial serological assays to detect this viral antigen. However, an association between mutations in the HBsAg gene and the occurrence of occult HBV infection (OBI) in patients has not been established. OBJECTIVES To detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in patients with anti-HBc as a unique serological marker, a previously published, cost-effective TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test with minor groove binding probes was adapted for use in this study. The current study also aimed to investigate HBsAg mutations and genotypes of HBV in OBI at the Viral Hepatitis Ambulatory Clinic in Rio de Janeiro to determine any possible association. METHODS Intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility were determined, and the mean coefficient of variation values obtained were 2.07 and 3.5, respectively. Probit analysis indicated that the 95% detection level was 25 IU/mL. The prevalence of OBI was investigated in 35 serum samples with an ‘anti-HBc alone’ profile from individuals who attended our clinic between 2011 and 2013. FINDINGS HBV DNA was detected in only one sample, resulting in an OBI rate of 2.9%. Nucleotide sequencing of the pre-S/S region was performed to genotype and analyse mutations within the HBsAg gene of this HBV DNA. The HBV in the OBI case was classified as sub-genotype A1, and a sequence analysis of the small S gene revealed 12 mutations in the major hydrophilic region compared to the consensus A1 sequence. Most of these mutations occurred in amino acid residues that have been reported as clinically relevant because they have been implicated in vaccine escape and/or inability to detect HBsAg by commercial serological assays. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the importance of specific HBsAg mutations, different from those in D, B, and C genotypes, in sub-genotype A1 HBV associated with OBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Wagner de Almeida
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Isabelle Vasconcelos Menegoy
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Cléber Ferreira Ginuíno
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Livia Melo Villar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cai Y, Wang N, Wu X, Zheng K, Li Y. Compensatory variances of drug-induced hepatitis B virus YMDD mutations. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1340. [PMID: 27588233 PMCID: PMC4987753 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the drug-induced mutations of HBV have been ever documented, the evolutionary mechanism is still obscure. To deeply reveal molecular characters of HBV evolution under the special condition, here we made a comprehensive investigation of the molecular variation of the 3432 wild-type sequences and 439 YMDD variants from HBV genotype A, B, C and D, and evaluated the co-variant patterns and the frequency distribution in the different YMDD mutation types and genotypes, by using the naïve Bayes classification algorithm and the complete induction method based on the comparative sequence analysis. The data showed different compensatory changes followed by the rtM204I/V. Although occurrence of the YMDD mutation itself was not related to the HBV genotypes, the subsequence co-variant patterns were related to the YMDD variant types and HBV genotypes. From the hierarchy view, we clarified that historical mutations, drug-induced mutation and compensatory variances, and displayed an inter-conditioned relationship of amino acid variances during multiple evolutionary processes. This study extends the understanding of the polymorphism and fitness of viral protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, No. 324 Hospital of PLA, Chongqing, 400020 China
| | - Ning Wang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, No. 324 Hospital of PLA, Chongqing, 400020 China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yan Li
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China ; Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rybicka M, Stalke P, Bielawski KP. Current molecular methods for the detection of hepatitis B virus quasispecies. Rev Med Virol 2016; 26:369-81. [PMID: 27506508 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic HBV infection affects more than 240 million people worldwide and is associated with a broad range of clinical manifestations including liver cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the lack of an efficient cure for chronic hepatitis B, the main goal of antiviral therapy is the prevention of liver disease progression coupled with prolonged survival of patients. Because HBV viral load has been shown to be a crucial determinant of the progression of liver damage, these goals can be achieved as long as HBV replication can be suppressed. Unfortunately, long-term therapy with the low-to-moderate genetic barrier drugs, which are still recommended in a majority of developing countries, are strongly associated with HBV resistance development and treatment failure. In such cases, the precise and accurate determination of drug-resistant variants in an individual patient before treatment is important for a proper choice of first-line potent therapy. Nowadays, a number of techniques are available to study HBV quasispecies evolution. This review describes the advantages and limitations of various assays detecting drug-resistant HBV variants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Rybicka
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Stalke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Piotr Bielawski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bottecchia M, Barcaiu HS, Lewis-Ximenez LL, da Silva E Mouta Junior S, de Moraes MTB. Monitoring the emergence of HBV resistance mutations by HBV-RNA pyrosequencing. Braz J Infect Dis 2016; 20:216-7. [PMID: 26748231 PMCID: PMC9427611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Bottecchia
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Halime Silva Barcaiu
- DIP Doenças Infecto-parasitárias, Hospital dos Servidores do Estado (HSE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio da Silva E Mouta Junior
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia Terezinha Baroni de Moraes
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Epidemiology of HBV subgenotypes D. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:28-37. [PMID: 25037178 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of hepatitis B virus infection is not uniform and affected from several factors including, HBV genotype. Genotype D is a widely distributed genotype. Among genotype D, several subgenotypes differentiate epidemiologically and probably clinically. D1 is predominant in Middle East and North Africa, and characterized by early HBeAg seroconversion and low viral load. D2 is seen in Albania, Turkey, Brazil, western India, Lebanon, and Serbia. D3 was reported from Serbia, western India, and Indonesia. It is a predominant subgenotype in injection drug use-related acute HBV infections in Europe and Canada. D4 is relatively rare and reported from Haiti, Russia and Baltic region, Brazil, Kenya, Morocco and Rwanda. Subgenotype D5 seems to be common in Eastern India. D6 has been reported as a rare subgenotype from Indonesia, Kenya, Russia and Baltic region. D7 is the main genotype in Morocco and Tunisia. D8 and D9 are recently described subgenotypes and reported from Niger and India, respectively. Subgenotypes of genotype D may have clinical and/or viral differences. More subgenotype studies are required to conclude on subgenotype and its clinical/viral characteristics.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Ferreira AC, Teixeira R, Andrade JR, Ferreira ASP, Barros LMF, Rezende REF, Santos Nastri ACS, Leite AGB, Piccoli LZ, Galvan J, Conde SRSS, Soares MCP, Kliemann DA, Bertolini DA, Kunyoshi ASO, Lyra AC, Oikawa MK, de Araújo LV, Carrilho FJ, Mendes-Corrêa MCJ, Rebello Pinho JR. HBV carrying drug-resistance mutations in chronically infected treatment-naive patients. Antivir Ther 2015; 20:387-95. [DOI: 10.3851/imp2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
12
|
Alagozlu H, Ozdemir O, Koksal B, Yilmaz A, Coskun M. Prevelance of common YMDD motif mutations in long term treated chronic HBV infections in a Turkish population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:5489-94. [PMID: 24175847 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study we aimed to show the common YMDD motif mutations in viral polymerase gene in chronic hepatitis B patients during lamivudine and adefovir therapy. Forty-one serum samples obtained from chronic hepatitis B patients (24 male, 17 female; age range: 34-68 years) were included in the study. HBV-DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the patients using an extraction kit (Invisorb, Instant Spin DNA/ RNA Virus Mini Kit, Germany). A line probe assay and direct sequencing analyses (INNO-LIPA HBV DR v2; INNOGENETICS N.V, Ghent, Belgium) were applied to determine target mutations of the viral polymerase gene in positive HBV-DNA samples. A total of 41 mutations located in 21 different codons were detected in the current results. In 17 (41.5%) patients various point mutations were detected leading to lamivudin, adefovir and/ or combined drug resistance. Wild polymerase gene profiles were detected in 24 (58.5%) HBV positive patients of the current cohort. Eight of the 17 samples (19.5%) having rtM204V/I/A missense transition and/or transversion point mutations and resistance to lamivudin. Six of the the mutated samples (14.6%) having rtL180M missense transversion mutation and resistance to combined adefovir and lamivudin. Three of the mutated samples (7.5%) having rtG215H by the double base substituation and resistance to adefovir. Three of the mutated samples (7.5%) having codon rtL181W due to the missense transversion point mutations and showed resistance to combined adefovir and lamivudin. Unreported novel point mutations were detected in the different codons of polymerase gene region in the current HBV positive cohort fromTurkish population. The current results provide evidence that rtL180M and rtM204V/I/A mutations of HBV-DNA may be associated with a poor antiviral response and HBV chronicity during conventional therapy in Turkish patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Alagozlu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shcherbik SV, Pearce NC, Levine ML, Klimov AI, Villanueva JM, Bousse TL. Rapid strategy for screening by pyrosequencing of influenza virus reassortants--candidates for live attenuated vaccines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92580. [PMID: 24647786 PMCID: PMC3960276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Live attenuated influenza vaccine viruses (LAIVs) can be generated by classical reassortment of gene segments between a cold adapted, temperature sensitive and attenuated Master Donor Virus (MDV) and a seasonal wild-type (wt) virus. The vaccine candidates contain hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes derived from the circulating wt viruses and the remaining six genes derived from the MDV strains. Rapid, efficient selection of the viruses with 6∶2 genome compositions from the large number of genetically different viruses generated during reassortment is essential for the biannual production schedule of vaccine viruses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This manuscript describes a new approach for the genotypic analysis of LAIV reassortant virus clones based on pyrosequencing. LAIV candidate viruses were created by classical reassortment of seasonal influenza A (H3N2) (A/Victoria/361/2011, A/Ohio/02/2012, A/Texas/50/2012) or influenza A (H7N9) (A/Anhui/1/2013) wt viruses with the MDV A/Leningrad/134/17/57(H2N2). Using strain-specific pyrosequencing assays, mixed gene variations were detected in the allantoic progenies during the cloning procedure. The pyrosequencing analysis also allowed for estimation of the relative abundance of segment variants in mixed populations. This semi-quantitative approach was used for selecting specific clones for the subsequent cloning procedures. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present study demonstrates that pyrosequencing analysis is a useful technique for rapid and reliable genotyping of reassortants and intermediate clones during the preparation of LAIV candidates, and can expedite the selection of vaccine virus candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Shcherbik
- Virology, Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Battelle, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nicholas C. Pearce
- Virology, Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Battelle, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marnie L. Levine
- Virology, Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Battelle, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alexander I. Klimov
- Virology, Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Julie M. Villanueva
- Virology, Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tatiana L. Bousse
- Virology, Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rodriguez-Frias F, Buti M, Tabernero D, Homs M. Quasispecies structure, cornerstone of hepatitis B virus infection: Mass sequencing approach. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:6995-7023. [PMID: 24222943 PMCID: PMC3819535 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i41.6995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus with complex replication, and high replication and mutation rates, leading to a heterogeneous viral population. The population is comprised of genomes that are closely related, but not identical; hence, HBV is considered a viral quasispecies. Quasispecies variability may be somewhat limited by the high degree of overlapping between the HBV coding regions, which is especially important in the P and S gene overlapping regions, but is less significant in the X and preCore/Core genes. Despite this restriction, several clinically and pathologically relevant variants have been characterized along the viral genome. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches enable high-throughput analysis of thousands of clonally amplified regions and are powerful tools for characterizing genetic diversity in viral strains. In the present review, we update the information regarding HBV variability and present a summary of the various NGS approaches available for research in this virus. In addition, we provide an analysis of the clinical implications of HBV variants and their study by NGS.
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodriguez C, Chevaliez S, Bensadoun P, Pawlotsky JM. Characterization of the dynamics of hepatitis B virus resistance to adefovir by ultra-deep pyrosequencing. Hepatology 2013; 58:890-901. [PMID: 23505208 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis B virus (HBV) resistance to nucleoside/nucleotide analogs is frequent. Ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS) is a powerful new tool that can detect minor viral variants and characterize complex quasispecies mixtures. We used UDPS to analyze the dynamics of adefovir-resistant HBV variants in patients with chronic HBV infection in whom adefovir resistance occurred during treatment. Amino acid substitutions known to confer resistance to adefovir were detected at baseline in most patients. The dynamics of adefovir-resistant variants were complex and differed among patients as a result of evolving differences in variant fitness. UDPS analysis revealed successive waves of selection of HBV populations with single and multiple amino acid substitutions. Adefovir-resistant variants were partially inhibited by lamivudine, but remained fit in its presence. CONCLUSION Substitutions conferring HBV resistance to nucleoside/nucleotide analogs exist before treatment, and that the dynamics of adefovir-resistant populations are much more complex and heterogeneous than previously thought and involve thus far unknown amino acid substitutions. The UDPS-based approach described here is likely to have important implications for the assessment of antiviral drug resistance in research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Rodriguez
- National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and Delta, Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Coppola N, Tonziello G, Colombatto P, Pisaturo M, Messina V, Moriconi F, Alessio L, Sagnelli C, Cavallone D, Brunetto M, Sagnelli E. Lamivudine-resistant HBV strain rtM204V/I in acute hepatitis B. J Infect 2013; 67:322-8. [PMID: 23796869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To detect HBV rtM204V/I lamivudine-resistant strains in serum of patients with acute hepatitis B and to assess their biological and clinical significance. METHODS Eighty HBV DNA-positive patients with symptomatic acute hepatitis B observed from 1999 to 2010 were enrolled. A plasma sample obtained at the first observation was tested for HBV mutants in the polymerase region by direct sequencing; the antiviral drug-resistant rtM204V/I mutations, the most frequent HBV mutants in Italy, were also sought by the more sensitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS No HBV mutation associated with resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogues was identified by direct sequencing, whereas allele-specific PCR identified HBV strains carrying the substitution rtM204V/I in 11 (13.7%) patients. Compared with those with the HBV wild strain, patients with rtM204V/I more frequently showed severe acute hepatitis B (36.4% vs 8.7%; p < 0.05) and lower values of serum HBV DNA (1.77 × 10(6) ± 4.76 × 10(6) vs. 1.68 × 10(8) ± 5.46 × 10(8)). In addition, a multivariate analysis identified the presence of a pre-existing HCV chronic infection as independently associated with severe acute hepatitis B (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HBV rtM204V/I lamivudine-resistant strains were detected in serum of 11 (13.7%) patients with acute hepatitis B by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The frequent association of rtM204V/I with a more severe acute hepatitis B and with a lower viral load may suggest that greater and/or more prolonged immune pressure might have induced their selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Comparison of pyrosequencing, Sanger sequencing, and melting curve analysis for detection of low-frequency macrolide-resistant mycoplasma pneumoniae quasispecies in respiratory specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:2592-8. [PMID: 23720793 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00785-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) is emerging worldwide and has been associated with treatment failure. In this study, we used pyrosequencing to detect low-frequency MRMP quasispecies in respiratory specimens, and we compared the findings with those obtained by Sanger sequencing and SimpleProbe PCR coupled with a melting curve analysis (SimpleProbe PCR). Sanger sequencing, SimpleProbe PCR, and pyrosequencing were successfully performed for 96.7% (88/91), 96.7% (88/91), and 93.4% (85/91) of the M. pneumoniae-positive specimens, respectively. The A-to-G transition at position 2063 was the only mutation identified. Pyrosequencing identified A2063G MRMP quasispecies populations in 78.8% (67/88) of the specimens. Only 38.8% (26/67) of these specimens with the A2063G quasispecies detected by pyrosequencing were found to be A2063G quasispecies by Sanger sequencing or SimpleProbe PCR. The specimens that could be detected by SimpleProbe PCR and Sanger sequencing had higher frequencies of MRMP quasispecies (51% to 100%) than those that could not be detected by those two methods (1% to 44%). SimpleProbe PCR correctly categorized all specimens that were identified as wild type or mutant by Sanger sequencing. The clinical characteristics of the patients were not significantly different when they were grouped by the presence or absence of MRMP quasispecies, while patients with MRMP identified by Sanger sequencing more often required a switch from macrolides to an alternative M. pneumoniae-targeted therapy. The clinical significance of mutant quasispecies should be investigated further with larger patient populations and with specimens obtained before and after macrolide therapy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li D, Cheng H, Gong W, Jiang Y, Liang P, Zhang J. Detection of primary YMDD mutations in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma using hybridization-fluorescence polarization. J Virol Methods 2012. [PMID: 23178585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lamivudine is used for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, HBV-related HCC patients with mutations in the tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) motif have no response to lamivudine therapy. The detection of YMDD mutations in HBV-related HCC patients may help guide the treatment of HCC. In this study, a simple, sensitive, reliable and cost-effective hybridization-fluorescence polarization assay for the detection of YMDD mutations in HCC was developed. A pair of general primers within the highly conserved region of the HBV polymerase gene was used in an asymmetric PCR. Three probes specific for the corresponding YMDD mutations labeled with different fluorescent reporters hybridized to their target amplicons, and hybridization was indicated by higher fluorescence polarization. The hybridization-fluorescence polarization assay was capable of detecting YMDD mutations at a limit of detection of 10 copies per reaction, and the assay was able to detect minor populations of viruses with primary YMDD mutations as low as 10%. The rates of primary YMDD mutations and the correlation between YMDD mutations and HBV genotypes in 251 HBV-related HCC patients were investigated using the hybridization-fluorescence polarization assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- Center of Biotechnological Diagnosis and Therapy, The 261st Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|