1
|
Li W, Zhang S, Dang S, Gao L, Li G, Cheng D, Jiang L, Huang T, Zhai J. Establishment of an A/T-Rich Specifically MGB Probe digital droplet PCR Assays Based on SNP for Brucella wild strains and vaccine strains. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116432. [PMID: 39024932 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, immunization with the S2 live-attenuated vaccine has been recognized as the most economical and effective strategy for preventing brucellosis in Inner Mongolia, China. However, there are still challenges related to vaccine toxicity and the inability to distinguish between vaccine immunization and natural infection. Therefore, in this study, we developed a digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay based on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci to identify wild Brucella strains and S2 vaccine strains. The assay demonstrated excellent linearity (R2> 0.99) with a lower detection limit of 10 copies/µL for both wild and vaccine strains. Additionally, the ddPCR assay outperformed the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay in screening 50 clinical samples. We have established an effective and highly sensitive ddPCR assay for Brucella, providing an efficient method for detecting and differentiating wild strains of Brucella from the S2 vaccine strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyang Li
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Sheng Dang
- Keerqin District First People's Hospital, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Lanzhu Gao
- Tongliao Infectious Disease Hospital, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Guangchen Li
- Tongliao Infectious Disease Hospital, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Dawei Cheng
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Tianpeng Huang
- College of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parolini F, Tranquillo V, Pesciaroli M, Boscarino A, Vicari N, Ventura G, Boldini M, Alborali GL, Gradassi M. Brucella spp. in Wildlife of the Lombardy Region, Northern Italy. J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:605-614. [PMID: 38725305 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-22-00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Surveillance data collected in the period 2017-20 for Brucella spp. in wildlife of the Lombardy Region in northern Italy were used to describe the exposure of the wildlife species to Brucella spp. in wild boar (Sus scrofa), European brown hare (Lepus europaeus), fallow deer (Dama dama), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Among the tested species, wild boar (n=6,440) showed the highest percentage of seropositive samples (5.9%). Notably, wild boars of perifluvial area of the Po River showed higher percentages of positivity than those of the pre-Alpine district. In addition, during the hunting season in 2018, 95 organs (uterus or testes, spleen, and submandibular lymph nodes) from wild boar of the perifluvial area of the Po River were collected for bacteriological examination. Brucella suis was isolated in culture from 18.9% of tested lymph nodes. These serological and microbiological results highlight the presence of B. suis in wild boar and suggest the importance of wild boar as a reservoir for B. suis. Comparison of the spatial distribution of Brucella-seropositive wild boars with the location of backyard swine farms revealed a higher chance of contact between the two populations only in the areas where the lower percentage of seropositive samples was observed. Conversely, the high percentage of seropositive samples observed in the Po River area coupled with positive microbiological cultures suggest a greater risk of infection for the humans directly or indirectly involved in wild boar hunting activity. These results may serve as a basis to establish sound wildlife management and to adopt education campaigns aimed at reducing the risk of human infection in people involved in wild boar hunting related activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Parolini
- Sede Territoriale di Cremona, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via Cardinale Guglielmo Massaia 7, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Vito Tranquillo
- Sede Territoriale di Brescia, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Michele Pesciaroli
- Sede Territoriale di Brescia, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Andrea Boscarino
- Sede Territoriale di Brescia, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Nadia Vicari
- Sede Territoriale di Pavia, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Str. Privata Campeggi 59, Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Giordano Ventura
- Sede Territoriale di Cremona, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via Cardinale Guglielmo Massaia 7, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Massimo Boldini
- Sede Territoriale di Cremona, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via Cardinale Guglielmo Massaia 7, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Giovanni L Alborali
- Sede Territoriale di Brescia, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Matteo Gradassi
- Sede Territoriale di Cremona, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via Cardinale Guglielmo Massaia 7, Cremona 26100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qu Y, Wang B, Deng J, Feng Y, Pi Z, Ren L, Cai J. Geographical Distribution and Multimethod Species Identification of Forensically Important Necrophagous Flies on Hainan Island. INSECTS 2023; 14:898. [PMID: 37999097 PMCID: PMC10672153 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Forensic entomology offers unique advantages for the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) estimation of decomposed corpses in forensic investigations. Accurate species identification and up-to-date locality information are essential. Hainan Island has a tropical rainforest climate and a vast territory. In this study, the community structure of necrophagous flies on Hainan Island was investigated in detail according to geographical environment. The results showed that the dominant species included C. megacephala, S. peregrina, C. rufifacies, S. misera, H. ligurriens, S. sericea, S. cinerea, S. dux, C. pinguis, and M. domestica. Furthermore, C. rufifacies and C. villeneuvi were found only in the high-altitude areas of Wuzhi Mountain, while S. cinerea was distributed only in coastal areas; the latter is a representative species of Hainan Island and has not been reported before. Furthermore, a GenBank database of forensically important flies was established, whilst a high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis was applied to identify the common species of Hainan Island for the first time. This study enriches the database of forensically important flies in tropical rainforest regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Qu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.P.)
- Hainan Equity Judicial Expertise Center, Hainan Vocational College of Political Science and Law, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Hainan Provincial Academician Workstation, Haikou 570100, China; (B.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Jianqiang Deng
- Hainan Provincial Academician Workstation, Haikou 570100, China; (B.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Yakai Feng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China;
| | - Zhiyun Pi
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.P.)
| | - Lipin Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.P.)
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai 570100, China
| | - Jifeng Cai
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China; (Y.Q.); (Z.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Papić B, Kušar D, Krt B, Ocepek M, Avberšek J. Phylogeography of Brucella suis biovar 2 with focus on Slovenian wildlife. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109751. [PMID: 37104938 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Brucella suis commonly infects swine but occasionally also other animal species and humans. Wild boars are the most important reservoir of B. suis biovar 2, continually infecting susceptible hosts through close contact. Nevertheless, the genetic diversity of B. suis in wildlife remains understudied. Here, we typed 17 Slovenian B. suis biovar 2 isolates obtained in 2017-2019 from wild boars (n = 16) and a hare (n = 1) using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). To assess the global phylogenetic diversity of B. suis, we compared them to 126 publicly available B. suis genomes. All Slovenian isolates fell within the biovar 2 lineage, confirming the previous multiplex PCR typing results. According to MLST-21, the wild boar isolates were of sequence types (STs) ST16 (n = 8) and ST153 (n = 8); the maximum genetic distance between isolates of the same ST was 28 wgMLST alleles. The ST153 isolates were restricted to the Slovenian-Croatian border and clustered together with the Croatian ST153 isolates from swine, indicating cross-border transmission of B. suis ST153 strain. The hare isolate was of ST40 and was genetically distant (≥ 489 alleles) from the wild boar isolates. The genome-wide phylogeny clearly separated different B. suis biovars. The present study is the first report on the population structure of B. suis in wildlife in Slovenia and shows that the Slovenian B. suis population is genetically heterogeneous. At the species level, B. suis biovars are clearly separated in the WGS-based phylogenetic tree and can therefore be reliably predicted using WGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Papić
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Darja Kušar
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brane Krt
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Ocepek
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Avberšek
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Edao BM, Ameni G, Berg S, Tekle M, Whatmore AM, Wood JLN, van Tonder AJ, Ashford RT. Whole genome sequencing of Ethiopian Brucella abortus isolates expands the known diversity of an early branching sub-Saharan African lineage. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128966. [PMID: 37213520 PMCID: PMC10192883 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis remains one of the most significant zoonotic diseases globally, responsible for both considerable human morbidity and economic losses due to its impacts on livestock productivity. Despite this, there remain significant evidence gaps in many low- and middle-income countries, including those of sub-Saharan Africa. Here we report the first molecular characterisation of Brucella sp. from Ethiopia. Fifteen Brucella sp. isolates from an outbreak in cattle from a herd in central Ethiopia were identified as Brucella abortus, using bacterial culture and molecular methods. Sequencing of the Ethiopian B. abortus isolates allowed their phylogenetic comparison with 411 B. abortus strains of diverse geographical origins, using whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (wgSNP). The Ethiopian isolates belonged to an early-branching lineage (Lineage A) previously only represented by data from two strains, both of sub-Saharan African origin (Kenya and Mozambique). A second B. abortus lineage (Lineage B), also comprised solely of strains originating from sub-Saharan Africa, was identified. The majority of strains belonged to one of two lineages of strains originating from a much broader geographical range. Further analyses based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) expanded the number of B. abortus strains available for comparison with the Ethiopian isolates and were consistent with the findings from wgSNP analysis. MLST profiles of the Ethiopian isolates expanded the sequence type (ST) diversity of the early branching lineage of B. abortus, equivalent to wgSNP Lineage A. A more diverse cluster of STs, equivalent to wgSNP Lineage B, was comprised solely of strains originating from sub-Saharan Africa. Similarly, analysis of B. abortus MLVA profiles (n = 1891) confirmed that the Ethiopian isolates formed a unique cluster, similar to only two existing strains, and distinct from the majority of other strains of sub-Saharan African origin. These findings expand the known diversity of an under-represented lineage of B. abortus and suggest a potential evolutionary origin for the species in East Africa. In addition to providing information concerning Brucella species extant within Ethiopia this work serves as the basis for further studies on the global population structure and evolutionary history of a major zoonotic pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bedaso Mammo Edao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Gobena Ameni
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Berg
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Muluken Tekle
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Adrian M. Whatmore
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - James L. N. Wood
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andries J. van Tonder
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roland T. Ashford
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Roland T. Ashford,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kurmanov B, Zincke D, Su W, Hadfield TL, Aikimbayev A, Karibayev T, Berdikulov M, Orynbayev M, Nikolich MP, Blackburn JK. Assays for Identification and Differentiation of Brucella Species: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081584. [PMID: 36014002 PMCID: PMC9416531 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Cases are reported annually across the range of known infectious species of the genus Brucella. Globally, Brucella melitensis, primarily hosted by domestic sheep and goats, affects large proportions of livestock herds, and frequently spills over into humans. While some species, such as Brucella abortus, are well controlled in livestock in areas of North America, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem supports the species in native wild ungulates with occasional spillover to livestock. Elsewhere in North America, other Brucella species still infect domestic dogs and feral swine, with some associated human cases. Brucella spp. patterns vary across space globally with B. abortus and B. melitensis the most important for livestock control. A myriad of other species within the genus infect a wide range of marine mammals, wildlife, rodents, and even frogs. Infection in humans from these others varies with geography and bacterial species. Control in humans is primarily achieved through livestock vaccination and culling and requires accurate and rapid species confirmation; vaccination is Brucella spp.-specific and typically targets single livestock species for distribution. Traditional bacteriology methods are slow (some media can take up to 21 days for bacterial growth) and often lack the specificity of molecular techniques. Here, we summarize the molecular techniques for confirming and identifying specific Brucella species and provide recommendations for selecting the appropriate methods based on need, sensitivity, and laboratory capabilities/technology. As vaccination/culling approaches are costly and logistically challenging, proper diagnostics and species identification are critical tools for targeting surveillance and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berzhan Kurmanov
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wanwen Su
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Ted L. Hadfield
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alim Aikimbayev
- Scientific Practical Center for Sanitary Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring, Ministry of Health, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Karibayev
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxat Berdikulov
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhit Orynbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Special Problems, Otar, Zhambyl 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Jason K. Blackburn
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pelerito A, Nunes A, Grilo T, Isidro J, Silva C, Ferreira AC, Valdezate S, Núncio MS, Georgi E, Gomes JP. Genetic Characterization of Brucella spp.: Whole Genome Sequencing-Based Approach for the Determination of Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Profiles. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:740068. [PMID: 34867857 PMCID: PMC8633399 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.740068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonosis that is emerging in some regions of the world, gaining increased relevance with the inclusion of the causing agent Brucella spp. in the class B bioterrorism group. Until now, multi-locus VNTR Analysis (MLVA) based on 16 loci has been considered as the gold standard for Brucella typing. However, this methodology is laborious, and, with the rampant release of Brucella genomes, the transition from the traditional MLVA to whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based typing is on course. Nevertheless, in order to avoid a disruptive transition with the loss of massive genetic data obtained throughout the last decade and considering that the transition timings will vary considerably among different countries, it is important to determine WGS-based MLVA alleles of the nowadays sequenced genomes. On this regard, we aimed to evaluate the performance of a Python script that had been previously developed for the rapid in silico extraction of the MLVA alleles, by comparing it to the PCR-based MLVA procedure over 83 strains from different Brucella species. The WGS-based MLVA approach detected 95.3% of all possible 1,328 hits (83 strains×16 loci) and showed an agreement rate with the PCR-based MLVA procedure of 96.4% for MLVA-16. According to our dataset, we suggest the use of a minimal depth of coverage of ~50x and a maximum number of ~200 contigs as guiding “boundaries” for the future application of the script. In conclusion, the evaluated script seems to be a very useful and robust tool for the in silico determination of MLVA profiles of Brucella strains, allowing retrospective and prospective molecular epidemiological studies, which are important for maintaining an active epidemiological surveillance of brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pelerito
- Emergency Response and Biopreparedness Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Nunes
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal.,CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Grilo
- Emergency Response and Biopreparedness Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Isidro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- Technology and Innovation Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Ferreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.,National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, I.P. (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sylvia Valdezate
- ISCIII Reference and Research Laboratory for Taxonomy, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Sofia Núncio
- Emergency Response and Biopreparedness Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Enrico Georgi
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Whatmore AM, Foster JT. Emerging diversity and ongoing expansion of the genus Brucella. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 92:104865. [PMID: 33872784 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable genetic diversity and breadth of host species has been uncovered in the Brucella genus over the past decade, fundamentally changing our concept of what it means to be a Brucella. From ocean fishes and marine mammals, to pond dwelling amphibians, forest foxes, desert rodents, and cave-dwelling bats, Brucella have revealed a variety of previously unknown niches. Classical microbiological techniques have been able to help us classify many of these new strains but at times have limited our ability to see the true relationships among or within species. The closest relatives of Brucella are soil bacteria and the adaptations of Brucella spp. to live intracellularly suggest that the genus has evolved to live in vertebrate hosts. Several recently discovered species appear to have phenotypes that are intermediate between soil bacteria and core Brucella, suggesting that they may represent ancestral traits that were subsequently lost in the traditional species. Remarkably, the broad relationships among Brucella species using a variety of sequence and fragment-based approaches have been upheld when using comparative genomics with whole genomes. Nonetheless, genomes are required for fine-scale resolution of many of the relationships and for understanding the evolutionary history of the genus. We expect that the coming decades will reveal many more hosts and previously unknown diversity in a wide range of environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Whatmore
- OIE and FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeffrey T Foster
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Santos RL, Souza TD, Mol JPS, Eckstein C, Paíxão TA. Canine Brucellosis: An Update. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:594291. [PMID: 33738302 PMCID: PMC7962550 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.594291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine brucellosis is an infectious and zoonotic disease caused by Brucella canis, which has been reported worldwide, and is a major public health concern due to close contact between dogs and humans. In dogs, canine brucellosis manifests with abortion outbreaks, reproductive failure, enlargement of lymph nodes, and occasionally affects the osteoarticular system, although the occurrence of asymptomatic infections in dogs are not uncommon. In humans, the disease is associated with a febrile syndrome, commonly with non-specific symptoms including splenomegaly, fatigue, and weakness. Infection of dogs occurs mostly by the oronasal route when in contact with contaminated tissues such as aborted fetuses, semen, urine, and vaginal secretions. In humans, contact with contaminated fluids from infected dogs is an important source of infection, and it is an occupational risk for veterinarians, breeders, laboratory workers, among other professionals who deal with infected animals or biological samples. The diagnosis in dogs is largely based on serologic methods. However, serologic diagnosis of canine brucellosis remains very challenging due to the low accuracy of available tests. Molecular diagnostic methods have been increasingly used in the past few years. Treatment of infected dogs is associated with a high frequency of relapse, and should be employed only in selected cases. Currently there are no commercially available vaccines for prevention of canine brucellosis. Therefore, development of novel and improved diagnostic methods as well as the development of efficacious and safe vaccination protocols are needed for an effective control of canine brucellosis and its associated zoonotic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato L Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tayse D Souza
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana P S Mol
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Eckstein
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiane A Paíxão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sayour AE, Elbauomy E, Abdel-Hamid NH, Mahrous A, Carychao D, Cooley MB, Elhadidy M. MLVA fingerprinting of Brucella melitensis circulating among livestock and cases of sporadic human illness in Egypt. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2435-2445. [PMID: 32304280 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brucella melitensis is a serious public health threat, with human infection exhibiting acute febrile illness and chronic health problems. The present study investigated the genetic diversity and epidemiological links of the important zoonotic bacterium B. melitensis in Egypt using multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-16) including eight minisatellite (panel 1) and eight microsatellite (panel 2, subdivided into 2A and 2B) markers. A total of 118 isolates were identified as B. melitensis biovar 3 by classical biotyping and Bruce-ladder assay. Although B. melitensis is primarily associated with infection in sheep and goats, most of B. melitensis isolates in this study were obtained from secondary hosts (cattle, buffaloes, humans and a camel) suggesting cross-species adaptation of B. melitensis to large ruminants in Egypt. The MLVA-16 scheme competently discriminated 70 genotypes, with 51 genotypes represented by single isolates, and the remaining 19 genotypes were shared among 67 isolates, suggesting both sporadic and epidemiologically related characteristics of B. melitensis infection. Matching of local genotypes with representatives of global genotypes revealed that the majority of Egyptian isolates analysed had a West Mediterranean descendance. As this study represents the first comprehensive genotyping and genetic analysis of B. melitensis from different sources in Egypt, the information generated from this study will augment knowledge about the main epidemiological links associated with this bacterium and will allow a better understanding of the current epidemiological situation of brucellosis in Egypt. Ultimately, this will help to adopt effective brucellosis intervention strategies in Egypt and other developing nations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf E Sayour
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Essam Elbauomy
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nour H Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman Mahrous
- Department of Zoonoses, General Organization for Veterinary Services (GOVS), Giza, Egypt
| | - Diana Carychao
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Michael B Cooley
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed Elhadidy
- Zewail City of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bodenham RF, Lukambagire AS, Ashford RT, Buza JJ, Cash-Goldwasser S, Crump JA, Kazwala RR, Maro VP, McGiven J, Mkenda N, Mmbaga BT, Rubach MP, Sakasaka P, Shirima GM, Swai ES, Thomas KM, Whatmore AM, Haydon DT, Halliday JEB. Prevalence and speciation of brucellosis in febrile patients from a pastoralist community of Tanzania. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7081. [PMID: 32341414 PMCID: PMC7184621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an endemic zoonosis in sub-Saharan Africa. Pastoralists are at high risk of infection but data on brucellosis from these communities are scarce. The study objectives were to: estimate the prevalence of human brucellosis, identify the Brucella spp. causing illness, describe non-Brucella bloodstream infections, and identify risk factors for brucellosis in febrile patients from a pastoralist community of Tanzania. Fourteen (6.1%) of 230 participants enrolled between August 2016 and October 2017 met study criteria for confirmed (febrile illness and culture positivity or ≥four-fold rise in SAT titre) or probable (febrile illness and single SAT titre ≥160) brucellosis. Brucella spp. was the most common bloodstream infection, with B. melitensis isolated from seven participants and B. abortus from one. Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were also isolated. Risk factors identified for brucellosis included age and herding, with a greater probability of brucellosis in individuals with lower age and who herded cattle, sheep or goats in the previous 12 months. Disease prevention activities targeting young herders have potential to reduce the impacts of human brucellosis in Tanzania. Livestock vaccination strategies for the region should include both B. melitensis and B. abortus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Bodenham
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Roland T Ashford
- OIE/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - Joram J Buza
- Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Shama Cash-Goldwasser
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - John A Crump
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania.,Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Venance P Maro
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - John McGiven
- OIE/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - Nestory Mkenda
- Endulen Hospital, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Matthew P Rubach
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina, USA.,Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Gabriel M Shirima
- Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Emanuel S Swai
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Kate M Thomas
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania.,Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Adrian M Whatmore
- OIE/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - Daniel T Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo E B Halliday
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khodabakhshi B, Abbasi A, Torabi Rostami M, Joshaghani HR, Roshandel G. Comparison of Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Agglutination Assays in Diagnosis of Brucellosis in Golestan Province, North of Iran. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.7.4.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
13
|
Molecular Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Brucellosis in Humans. MICROORGANISMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8844-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
|
14
|
Tian K, Chen X, Luan B, Singh P, Yang Z, Gates KS, Lin M, Mustapha A, Gu LQ. Single Locked Nucleic Acid-Enhanced Nanopore Genetic Discrimination of Pathogenic Serotypes and Cancer Driver Mutations. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4194-4205. [PMID: 29664612 PMCID: PMC6157732 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and rapid detection of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in pathogenic mutants is crucial for many fields such as food safety regulation and disease diagnostics. Current detection methods involve laborious sample preparations and expensive characterizations. Here, we investigated a single locked nucleic acid (LNA) approach, facilitated by a nanopore single-molecule sensor, to accurately determine SNPs for detection of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotype O157:H7, and cancer-derived EGFR L858R and KRAS G12D driver mutations. Current LNA applications that require incorporation and optimization of multiple LNA nucleotides. But we found that in the nanopore system, a single LNA introduced in the probe is sufficient to enhance the SNP discrimination capability by over 10-fold, allowing accurate detection of the pathogenic mutant DNA mixed in a large amount of the wild-type DNA. Importantly, the molecular mechanistic study suggests that such a significant improvement is due to the effect of the single-LNA that both stabilizes the fully matched base-pair and destabilizes the mismatched base-pair. This sensitive method, with a simplified, low cost, easy-to-operate LNA design, could be generalized for various applications that need rapid and accurate identification of single-nucleotide variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tian
- Department of Bioengineering and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Food Science Program, Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Binquan Luan
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Prashant Singh
- Food Science Program, Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Kent S. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Mengshi Lin
- Food Science Program, Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Azlin Mustapha
- Food Science Program, Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Li-Qun Gu
- Department of Bioengineering and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Piao D, Wang H, Di D, Tian G, Luo J, Gao W, Zhao H, Xu W, Fan W, Jiang H. MLVA and LPS Characteristics of Brucella canis Isolated from Humans and Dogs in Zhejiang, China. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:223. [PMID: 29326956 PMCID: PMC5741857 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucella canis is a pathogenic bacterium that causes brucellosis in dogs, and its zoonotic potential has been increasing in recent years. B. canis is a rare source of human brucellosis in China, where Brucella melitensis has been the major pathogen associated with human brucellosis outbreaks. In late 2011, a case of a B. canis infection was detected in a human patient in Zhejiang Province, China. To compare the genotypes between strains of B. canis isolated from the patient and from dogs, a multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA-16) was performed. In addition, the lipopolysaccharide-synthesis-related genes were analyzed with the B. canis reference strain RM6/66. Results 32 B. canis strains were divided into 26 genotypes using MLVA-16 [Hunter-Gaston Diversity Index (HGDI) = 0.976]. The HGDI indexes for various loci ranged between 0.000 and 0.865. All four Hangzhou isolates were indistinguishable using panel 1 (genotype 3) and panel 2A (genotype 28). However, these strains were distinctly different from other isolates from Beijing, Jiangsu, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia at Bruce 09. The emergence of a human B. canis infection was limited to an area. Comparative analysis indicated B. canis from canines and humans have no differences in lipopolysaccharide-synthesis locus. Conclusion The comprehensive approaches have been used to analyze human and canine B. canis isolates, including molecular epidemiological and LPS genetic characteristics. Further detailed analysis of the whole genomic sequencing will contribute to understanding of the pathogenicity of B. canis in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (HZCDC), Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Di
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Guozhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiantong Luo
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (HZCDC), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (HZCDC), Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (HZCDC), Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixing Fan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Whatmore AM, Dawson C, Muchowski J, Perrett LL, Stubberfield E, Koylass M, Foster G, Davison NJ, Quance C, Sidor IF, Field CL, St. Leger J. Characterisation of North American Brucella isolates from marine mammals. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184758. [PMID: 28934239 PMCID: PMC5608248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extension of known ecological niches of Brucella has included the description of two novel species from marine mammals. Brucella pinnipedialis is associated predominantly with seals, while two major Brucella ceti clades, most commonly associated with porpoises or dolphins respectively, have been identified. To date there has been limited characterisation of Brucella isolates obtained from marine mammals outside Northern European waters, including North American waters. To address this gap, and extend knowledge of the global population structure and host associations of these Brucella species, 61 isolates from marine mammals inhabiting North American waters were subject to molecular and phenotypic characterisation enabling comparison with existing European isolates. The majority of isolates represent genotypes previously described in Europe although novel genotypes were identified in both B. ceti clades. Harp seals were found to carry B. pinnipedialis genotypes previously confined to hooded seals among a diverse repertoire of sequence types (STs) associated with this species. For the first time Brucella isolates were characterised from beluga whales and found to represent a number of distinct B. pinnipedialis genotypes. In addition the known host range of ST27 was extended with the identification of this ST from California sea lion samples. Finally the performance of the frequently used diagnostic tool Bruce-ladder, in differentiating B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis, was critically assessed based on improved knowledge of the global population structure of Brucella associated with marine mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Whatmore
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Claire Dawson
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Muchowski
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine L. Perrett
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Stubberfield
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Koylass
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Foster
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Davison
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Quance
- Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA-APHIS, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Inga F. Sidor
- Mystic Aquarium & Institute for Exploration, Mystic, CT, United States of America
| | - Cara L. Field
- Mystic Aquarium & Institute for Exploration, Mystic, CT, United States of America
| | - Judy St. Leger
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pelerito A, Cordeiro R, Matos R, Santos MA, Soeiro S, Santos J, Manita C, Rio C, Santo M, Paixão E, Nunes A, Núncio S. Human brucellosis in Portugal-Retrospective analysis of suspected clinical cases of infection from 2009 to 2016. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179667. [PMID: 28692674 PMCID: PMC5503191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonosis that is emerging in some regions of the world. Although brucellosis is a disease of obligatory declaration and is not eradicated in Portugal, no prevalence data is available in this country. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the data available at the Reference Laboratory at the Portuguese National Institute of Health during the past 7 years (2009–2016) in order to get insight into the epidemiological scenario of brucellosis in Portugal. A total of 2313 biological samples from patients with clinical suspicion of brucellosis were subjected to immunological techniques for laboratory diagnosis. From 2010 to 2015, a subset of 259 samples was subjected to molecular methods. According to the available data, 167 out of 2313 (7.2%) samples had positive serology for Brucella spp. and 43 out of 259 samples (16.6%) were positive for B. melitensis by real time PCR, being classified as biovar 1 and 3. This study draws attention to the importance of integrating clinical and laboratory data of human cases in order to increase the efficacy of the response measures in case of outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pelerito
- Emergency Response and Biopreparedness Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Rita Cordeiro
- Emergency Response and Biopreparedness Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Matos
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Augusta Santos
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Soeiro
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Santos
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Manita
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Rio
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Santo
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eleonora Paixão
- Alentejo Regional Administration of Health, Nucleus of Support in the area of Statistics, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Nunes
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Núncio
- Emergency Response and Biopreparedness Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Highly Sensitive Bacteriophage-Based Detection of Brucella abortus in Mixed Culture and Spiked Blood. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060144. [PMID: 28604602 PMCID: PMC5490821 DOI: 10.3390/v9060144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, bacteriophages (phages) have been used for Brucella species identification in the diagnosis and epidemiology of brucellosis. Traditional Brucella phage typing is a multi-day procedure including the isolation of a pure culture, a step that can take up to three weeks. In this study, we focused on the use of brucellaphages for sensitive detection of the pathogen in clinical and other complex samples, and developed an indirect method of Brucella detection using real-time quantitative PCR monitoring of brucellaphage DNA amplification via replication on live Brucella cells. This assay allowed the detection of single bacteria (down to 1 colony-forming unit per milliliter) within 72 h without DNA extraction and purification steps. The technique was equally efficient with Brucella abortus pure culture and with mixed cultures of B. abortus and α-proteobacterial near neighbors that can be misidentified as Brucella spp., Ochrobactrum anthropi and Afipia felis. The addition of a simple short sample preparation step enabled the indirect phage-based detection of B. abortus in spiked blood, with the same high sensitivity. This indirect phage-based detection assay enables the rapid and sensitive detection of live B. abortus in mixed cultures and in blood samples, and can potentially be applied for detection in other clinical samples and other complex sample types.
Collapse
|
19
|
Whatmore AM, Koylass MS, Muchowski J, Edwards-Smallbone J, Gopaul KK, Perrett LL. Extended Multilocus Sequence Analysis to Describe the Global Population Structure of the Genus Brucella: Phylogeography and Relationship to Biovars. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2049. [PMID: 28066370 PMCID: PMC5174110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An extended multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) scheme applicable to the Brucella, an expanding genus that includes zoonotic pathogens that severely impact animal and human health across large parts of the globe, was developed. The scheme, which extends a previously described nine locus scheme by examining sequences at 21 independent genetic loci in order to increase discriminatory power, was applied to a globally and temporally diverse collection of over 500 isolates representing all 12 known Brucella species providing an expanded and detailed understanding of the population genetic structure of the group. Over 100 sequence types (STs) were identified and analysis of data provided insights into both the global evolutionary history of the genus, suggesting that early emerging Brucella abortus lineages might be confined to Africa while some later lineages have spread worldwide, and further evidence of the existence of lineages with restricted host or geographical ranges. The relationship between biovar, long used as a crude epidemiological marker, and genotype was also examined and showed decreasing congruence in the order Brucella suis > B. abortus > Brucella melitensis. Both the previously described nine locus scheme and the extended 21 locus scheme have been made available at http://pubmlst.org/brucella/ to allow the community to interrogate existing data and compare with newly generated data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Whatmore
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research in Brucellosis and OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health AgencyAddlestone, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim JY, Kang SI, Lee JJ, Lee K, Sung SR, Erdenebaataar J, Vanaabaatar B, Jung SC, Park YH, Yoo HS, Her M. Differential diagnosis of Brucella abortus by real-time PCR based on a single-nucleotide polymorphisms. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:557-62. [PMID: 26666176 PMCID: PMC4873844 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To diagnose brucellosis effectively, many genus- and species-specific detection methods based on PCR have been developed. With conventional PCR assays, real-time PCR techniques have been developed as rapid diagnostic tools. Among them, real-time PCR using hybridization probe (hybprobe) has been recommended for bacteria with high DNA homology among species, with which it is possible to make an accurate diagnosis by means of an amplification curve and melting peak analysis. A hybprobe for B. abortus was designed from a specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the fbaA gene. This probe only showed specific amplification of B. abortus from approximately the 14th cycle, given a melting peak at 69°C. The sensitivity of real-time PCR was revealed to be 20 fg/µl by 10-fold DNA dilution, and the detection limit was 4 CFU in clinical samples. This real-time PCR showed greater sensitivity than that of conventional PCR and previous real-time PCR based on Taqman probe. Therefore, this new real-time PCR assay could be helpful for differentiating B. abortus infection with rapidity and accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Anyang-city, Gyeonggi-do, 430-757, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang F, Li Z, La X, Ma X, Zhang Y, Ji P, Jiang M, Hu J, Zhang Z, Lu X, Ding J. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis of Brucella isolates from patients in Xinjiang China. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:15716-15723. [PMID: 26629067 PMCID: PMC4658956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to characterize and identify the human Brucella strains in Xinjiang, China with multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) scheme. METHODS Brucella strains were isolated and cultured from 62 brucellosis patients. The bacteria strains were subjected to the oxidase, catalase, rapid urease, and nitrate reduction tests, and the species identification was performed using the VITEK-2 Compact system. These Brucella strains were further identified and characterized using the 16 VNTR loci in a MLVA-16 methodology. RESULTS Twelve Brucella strains had been identified out of 62 patients, which were all recognized as Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) according to the results from the VITEK-2 Compact system. Based on panel 1 (MLVA-8), these 12 Brucella isolates were clustered into three known genotypes and two new genotypes, in which 7 strains were clustered into genotype 45 (1-5-3-12-2-2-3-2), 1 strain was classified as genotype 42 (1-5-3-13-2-2-3-2), 1 stain was with genotype 62 (1-3-3-13-2-2-3-2), and the other 3 trains revealed two new genotypes, i.e., (1-5-3-12-2-3-3-2) and (1-5-3-11-2-3-3-2). Using panel 2A+2B (MLVA-16), we found that no genotypes of these strains were identical to the known genotypes, generally with differences in 2-4 loci. However, three strains shared the same genotype. CONCLUSION Brucella strains in 62 brucellosis patients from Xinjiang are all identified as B. melitensis. Based on MLVA-8, two new genotypes have been discovered. These findings might contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of brucellosis in Xinjiang, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengbo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinjiang People’s HospitalUrumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaolin La
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiumin Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinwei Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianbing Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Piranfar V, Sharif M, Hashemi M, Vahdati AR, Mirnejad R. Detection and discrimination of two Brucella species by multiplex real-time PCR and high-resolution melt analysis curve from human blood and comparison of results using RFLP. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:909-14. [PMID: 26523223 PMCID: PMC4620191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapid and accurate detection of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis from clinical samples is so important because antibiotic treatment has major side effects. This study reveals a new method in detection of clinical samples of brucellosis using real-time PCR and high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 160 brucellosis suspicious samples with more than 1/80 serum antibody titers were collected and the results were compared with the RFLP method. In order to amplify the sequences for HRM analysis, vdcc, int-hyp and glk and for RFLP, omp2a and omp2b with PstI and Hinf1 restriction endonuclease were used. At last, the accuracy and specificity of the two methods were compared with each other. RESULTS Out of these 160 samples, multiplex real time PCR showed 108 positive samples (67.5%), including 56% B. melitensis and 44% B. abortus; whereas in PCR-RFLP 52 out of 160 samples were positive, where recognition of two species were accordant with HRM analysis, separation was based on the size of the amplified fragment. Using the designed primers and performing the assay, we confirmed this method to be much faster and have lower cost with more than 99% accuracy compared to methods such as RFLP. CONCLUSION The present study showed that this technique, which scans gene segments and creates an analysis pattern for detection of clinical samples, is useful and more dominant compared with PCR-RFLP. Thus, this method can be used for brucellosis detection, and clinical and epidemiological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahhab Piranfar
- Department of Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Malike Sharif
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hashemi
- Department of Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Vahdati
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Reza Mirnejad. Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University Medical of Sciences Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-82482554; ;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hänsel C, Mertens K, Elschner MC, Melzer F. Novel real-time PCR detection assay for Brucella suis. Vet Rec Open 2015; 2:e000084. [PMID: 26392898 PMCID: PMC4567156 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2014-000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brucella suis is the causative agent of brucellosis in suidae and is differentiated into five biovars (bv). Biovars 1 and 3 possess zoonotic potential and can infect humans, whereas biovar 2 represents the main source of brucellosis in feral and domestic pigs in Europe. Both aspects, the zoonotic threat and the economic loss, emphasize the necessity to monitor feral and domestic pig populations. Available serological or PCR based methods lack sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS Here a bioinformatics approach was used to identify a B. suis specific 17 bp repeat on chromosome II (BS1330_II0657 locus). This repeat is common for B. suis bv 1 to 4 and was used to develop a TaqMan probe assay. The average PCR efficiency was determined as 95% and the limit of detection as 12,5 fg/µl of DNA, equally to 3.7 bacterial genomes. This assay has the highest sensitivity of all previously described B. suis specific PCR assays, making it possible to detect 3-4 bacterial genomes per 1 µl of sample. The assay was tested 100% specific for B. suis and negative for other Brucella spp. and closely related non-Brucella species. CONCLUSIONS This novel qPCR assay could become a rapid, inexpensive and reliable screening method for large sample pools of B. suis 1 to 4. This method will be applicable for field samples after validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hänsel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses , Jena, Thüringen , Germany
| | - K Mertens
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses , Jena, Thüringen , Germany
| | - M C Elschner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses , Jena, Thüringen , Germany
| | - F Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses , Jena, Thüringen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kang SI, Her M, Kim JY, Lee JJ, Lee K, Sung SR, Jung SC. Rapid and specific identification of Brucella abortus using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 40:1-6. [PMID: 25841288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and accurate diagnosis of brucellosis is required to reduce and prevent the spread of disease among animals and the risk of transfer to humans. In this study, a Brucella abortus-specific (Ba) LAMP assay was developed, that had six primers designed from the BruAb2_0168 region of chromosome I. The specificity of this LAMP assay was confirmed with Brucella reference strains, B. abortus vaccine strains, B. abortus isolates and phylogenetically or serologically related strains. The detection limit of target DNA was up to 20 fg/μl within 60 min. The sensitivity of the new LAMP assay was equal to or slightly higher than other PCR based assays. Moreover, this Ba-LAMP assay could specifically amplify all B. abortus biovars compared to previous PCR assays. To our knowledge, this is the first report of specific detection of B. abortus using a LAMP assay. The Ba-LAMP assay can offer a rapid, sensitive and accurate diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Il Kang
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea
| | - Moon Her
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea
| | - Jin Ju Lee
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea
| | - Kichan Lee
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea
| | - So-Ra Sung
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea
| | - Suk Chan Jung
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lomonaco S, Furumoto EJ, Loquasto JR, Morra P, Grassi A, Roberts RF. Development of a rapid SNP-typing assay to differentiate Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis strains used in probiotic-supplemented dairy products. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:804-12. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
26
|
Gopaul KK, Sells J, Lee R, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM, Foster JT, Whatmore AM. Development and assessment of multiplex high resolution melting assay as a tool for rapid single-tube identification of five Brucella species. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:903. [PMID: 25495428 PMCID: PMC4307374 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zoonosis brucellosis causes economically significant reproductive problems in livestock and potentially debilitating disease of humans. Although the causative agent, organisms from the genus Brucella, can be differentiated into a number of species based on phenotypic characteristics, there are also significant differences in genotype that are concordant with individual species. This paper describes the development of a five target multiplex assay to identify five terrestrial Brucella species using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent high resolution melt curve analysis. This technology offers a robust and cost effective alternative to previously described hydrolysis-probe Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)-based species defining assays. RESULTS Through the use of Brucella whole genome sequencing five species defining SNPs were identified. Individual HRM assays were developed to these target these changes and, following optimisation of primer concentrations, it was possible to multiplex all five assays in a single tube. In a validation exercise using a panel of 135 Brucella strains of terrestrial and marine origin, it was possible to distinguish the five target species from the other species within this panel. CONCLUSION The HRM multiplex offers a number of diagnostic advantages over previously described SNP-based typing approaches. Further, and uniquely for HRM, the successful multiplexing of five assays in a single tube allowing differentiation of five Brucella species in the diagnostic laboratory in a cost-effective and timely manner is described. However there are possible limitations to using this platform on DNA extractions direct from clinical material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Gopaul
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kaden R, Ågren J, Båverud V, Hallgren G, Ferrari S, Börjesson J, Lindberg M, Bäckman S, Wahab T. Brucellosis outbreak in a Swedish kennel in 2013: determination of genetic markers for source tracing. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:523-530. [PMID: 25465667 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly infectious zoonotic disease but rare in Sweden. Nonetheless, an outbreak of canine brucellosis caused by an infected dog imported to Sweden was verified in 2013. In total 25 dogs were tested at least duplicated by the following approaches: real-time PCR for the detection of Brucella canis, a Brucella genus-specific real-time PCR, selective cultivation, and microscopic examination. The whole genome of B. canis strain SVA13 was analysed regarding genetic markers for epidemiological examination. The genome of an intact prophage of Roseobacter was detected in B. canis strain SVA13 with whole genome sequence prophage analysis (WGS-PA). It was shown that the prophage gene content in the American, African and European isolates differs remarkably from the Asian strains. The prophage sequences in Brucella may therefore serve of use as genetic markers in epidemiological investigations. Phage DNA fragments were also detected in clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in the genome of strain SVA13. In addition to the recommendations for genetic markers in Brucella outbreak tracing, our paper reports a validated two-step stand-alone real-time PCR for the detection of B. canis and its first successful use in an outbreak investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Kaden
- National Veterinary Institute, Ulls väg 2B, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Forum for Biopreparedness Diagnostics (FBD), Umeå, Uppsala and Solna, Sweden; Swedish Joint Laboratory for Food Safety and Biopreparedness, Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 17, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Joakim Ågren
- National Veterinary Institute, Ulls väg 2B, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viveca Båverud
- National Veterinary Institute, Ulls väg 2B, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Forum for Biopreparedness Diagnostics (FBD), Umeå, Uppsala and Solna, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Hallgren
- National Veterinary Institute, Ulls väg 2B, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sevinc Ferrari
- National Veterinary Institute, Ulls väg 2B, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Forum for Biopreparedness Diagnostics (FBD), Umeå, Uppsala and Solna, Sweden; Swedish Joint Laboratory for Food Safety and Biopreparedness, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joann Börjesson
- National Veterinary Institute, Ulls väg 2B, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martina Lindberg
- National Veterinary Institute, Ulls väg 2B, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Forum for Biopreparedness Diagnostics (FBD), Umeå, Uppsala and Solna, Sweden; Swedish Joint Laboratory for Food Safety and Biopreparedness, Uppsala, Sweden; National Food Agency, Hamnesplanaden 5, 75319 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Bäckman
- Swedish Forum for Biopreparedness Diagnostics (FBD), Umeå, Uppsala and Solna, Sweden; Swedish Defence Research Agency, Cementvägen 20, 16490 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tara Wahab
- Swedish Forum for Biopreparedness Diagnostics (FBD), Umeå, Uppsala and Solna, Sweden; Public Health Agency of Sweden, Tomtebodavägen 12B, 17182 Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gopaul KK, Dainty AC, Muchowski JK, Dawson CE, Stack JA, Whatmore AM. Direct molecular typing of Brucella
strains in field material. Vet Rec 2014; 175:282. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Gopaul
- Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency; Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - A. C. Dainty
- Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency; Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - J. K. Muchowski
- Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency; Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - C. E. Dawson
- Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency; Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - J. A. Stack
- Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency; Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - A. M. Whatmore
- Department of Bacteriology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency; Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Bai L, Zhao Y, Liu C, Ma A, Yu H. Polymerase chain reaction-based assays for the diagnosis of human brucellosis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2014; 13:31. [PMID: 25082566 PMCID: PMC4236518 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-014-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro technique for the nucleic acid amplification, which is commonly used to diagnose infectious diseases. The use of PCR for pathogens detection, genotyping and quantification has some advantages, such as high sensitivity, high specificity, reproducibility and technical ease. Brucellosis is a common zoonosis caused by Brucella spp., which still remains as a major health problem in many developing countries around the world. The direct culture and immunohistochemistry can be used for detecting infection with Brucella spp. However, PCR has the potential to address limitations of these methods. PCR are now one of the most useful assays for the diagnosis in human brucellosis. The aim of this review was to summarize the main PCR techniques and their applications for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with brucellosis. Moreover, advantages or limitation of the different PCR methods as well as the evaluation of PCR results for treatment and follow-up of human brucellosis were also discussed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Di D, Cui B, Wang H, Zhao H, Piao D, Tian L, Tian G, Kang J, Mao X, Zhang X, Du P, Zhu L, Zhao Z, Mao L, Yao W, Guan P, Fan W, Jiang H. Genetic polymorphism characteristics of Brucella canis isolated in China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84862. [PMID: 24465442 PMCID: PMC3900416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, brucellosis is an endemic disease typically caused by Brucella melitensis infection (biovars 1 and 3). Brucella canis infection in dogs has not traditionally recognized as a major problem. In recent years however, brucellosis resulting from Brucella canis infection has also been reported, suggesting that infections from this species may be increasing. Data concerning the epidemiology of brucellosis resulting from Brucella canis infection is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the diversity among Chinese Brucella canis strains for epidemiological purposes. First, we employed a 16-marker VNTR assay (Brucella MLVA-16) to assess the diversity and epidemiological relationship of 29 Brucella canis isolates from diverse locations throughout China with 38 isolates from other countries. MLVA-16 analysis separated the 67 Brucella canis isolates into 57 genotypes that grouped into five clusters with genetic similarity coefficients ranging from 67.73 to 100%. Moreover, this analysis revealed a new genotype (2-3-9-11-3-1-5-1:118), which was present in two isolates recovered from Guangxi in 1986 and 1987. Second, multiplex PCR and sequencing analysis were used to determine whether the 29 Chinese Brucella canis isolates had the characteristic BMEI1435 gene deletion. Only two isolates had this deletion. Third, amplification of the omp25 gene revealed that 26 isolates from China had a T545C mutation. Collectively, this study reveals that considerable diversity exists among Brucella canis isolates in China and provides resources for studying the genetic variation and microevolution of Brucella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Di
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, MOA, Qingdao, China
| | - Buyun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Laboratory of Endemic and Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, MOA, Qingdao, China
| | - Guozhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jingli Kang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, MOA, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Jining District Animal Disease Control Center, Jining District Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, Wulanchabu, China
| | - Pengfei Du
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, MOA, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, MOA, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Mao
- Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenqing Yao
- Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (PG); (WF); (HJ)
| | - Pingyuan Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (PG); (WF); (HJ)
| | - Weixing Fan
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, MOA, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (PG); (WF); (HJ)
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (PG); (WF); (HJ)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lusk TS, Strain E, Kase JA. Comparison of six commercial DNA extraction kits for detection of Brucella neotomae in Mexican and Central American-style cheese and other milk products. Food Microbiol 2013; 34:100-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Newly identified variability in Brucella canis fatty-acid content is associated with geographical origin. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 141:852-8. [PMID: 23174310 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the fatty-acid profiles of Brucella canis blood culture isolates obtained from infected dogs in the UK, Germany, Japan, South Africa, Peru, Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina, and from a human clinical case in Argentina, to a bank of isolates obtained from canine outbreaks in the USA. Analysis of a total of 42 B. canis isolates and one reference strain found a marked variation within the species. Fatty-acid analysis showed that only the isolates from Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico, which included the human B. canis isolate, contained a specific fatty acid, 19:0 cyclopropane (lactobacillic acid), w8c (cis-11,12-methylene octadecanoic acid), and that this fatty acid, when present, made up a large percentage of overall fatty-acid content. Prior to this study, the cellular fatty-acid 19:0 cyclopropane had been identified in all of the species of Brucella considered to be pathogenic to humans (B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis) except for B. canis. Discovering that this fatty acid not only occurs in B. canis, but also that it is only present in some strains of the species provides a new focus for investigations aimed at identifying the cause of reported geographical variability in human B. canis infection, and at finding predictors of biological behaviour and human pathogenicity within this Brucella species.
Collapse
|
33
|
Foster JT, Price LB, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM, Pearson T, Brown WD, Kiesling DM, Allen CA, Liu CM, Beckstrom-Sternberg J, Roberto FF, Keim P. Genotyping of Brucella species using clade specific SNPs. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:110. [PMID: 22712667 PMCID: PMC3747857 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is a worldwide disease of mammals caused by Alphaproteobacteria in the genus Brucella. The genus is genetically monomorphic, requiring extensive genotyping to differentiate isolates. We utilized two different genotyping strategies to characterize isolates. First, we developed a microarray-based assay based on 1000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were identified from whole genome comparisons of two B. abortus isolates , one B. melitensis, and one B. suis. We then genotyped a diverse collection of 85 Brucella strains at these SNP loci and generated a phylogenetic tree of relationships. Second, we developed a selective primer-extension assay system using capillary electrophoresis that targeted 17 high value SNPs across 8 major branches of the phylogeny and determined their genotypes in a large collection ( n = 340) of diverse isolates. Results Our 1000 SNP microarray readily distinguished B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis, differentiating B. melitensis and B. suis into two clades each. Brucella abortus was divided into four major clades. Our capillary-based SNP genotyping confirmed all major branches from the microarray assay and assigned all samples to defined lineages. Isolates from these lineages and closely related isolates, among the most commonly encountered lineages worldwide, can now be quickly and easily identified and genetically characterized. Conclusions We have identified clade-specific SNPs in Brucella that can be used for rapid assignment into major groups below the species level in the three main Brucella species. Our assays represent SNP genotyping approaches that can reliably determine the evolutionary relationships of bacterial isolates without the need for whole genome sequencing of all isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Foster
- Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-4073, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gehring I, Geider K. Identification of Erwinia species isolated from apples and pears by differential PCR. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 89:57-62. [PMID: 22330936 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many pathogenic and epiphytic bacteria isolated from apples and pears belong to the genus Erwinia; these include the species E. amylovora, E. pyrifoliae, E. billingiae, E. persicina, E. rhapontici and E. tasmaniensis. Identification and classification of freshly isolated bacterial species often requires tedious taxonomic procedures. To facilitate routine identification of Erwinia species, we have developed a PCR method based on species-specific oligonucleotides (SSOs) from the sequences of the housekeeping genes recA and gpd. Using species-specific primers that we report here, differentiation was done with conventional PCR (cPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) applying two consecutive primer annealing temperatures. The specificity of the primers depends on terminal Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that are characteristic for the target species. These PCR assays enabled us to distinguish eight Erwinia species, as well as to identify new Erwinia isolates from plant surfaces. When performed with mixed bacterial cultures, they only detected a single target species. This method is a novel approach to classify strains within the genus Erwinia by PCR and it can be used to confirm other diagnostic data, especially when specific PCR detection methods are not already available. The method may be applied to classify species within other bacterial genera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Gehring
- Julius Kühn Institut, Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Obst- und Weinbau, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jiang H, Mao LL, Zhao HY, Li LY, Piao DR, Tian GZ, Di DD, Lei L, Cui BY. Reemergence and genetic comparison of Brucella canis in China, using a multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat assay. Vet Microbiol 2012; 154:419-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
36
|
O'Callaghan D, Whatmore AM. Brucella genomics as we enter the multi-genome era. Brief Funct Genomics 2011; 10:334-41. [PMID: 21930657 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elr026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Brucella includes species considered among the worlds most important zoonotic pathogens, with brucellosis remaining a significant problem in large parts of the world. Over the last decade a number of Brucella genomes have been fully sequenced providing new insights into this relatively poorly understood group of organisms. In the forthcoming months and years, the availability of many additional genomes should help in further understanding of the evolution, host specificity and pathogenicity of this group as well as providing a resource to further improve epidemiological typing tools. This article describes progress to date and looks forward to the opportunities that should be afforded as we enter an era of multiple, freely available, Brucella genome sequences.
Collapse
|
37
|
Nymo IH, Tryland M, Godfroid J. A review of Brucella infection in marine mammals, with special emphasis on Brucella pinnipedialis in the hooded seal (Cystophora cristata). Vet Res 2011; 42:93. [PMID: 21819589 PMCID: PMC3161862 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. were isolated from marine mammals for the first time in 1994. Two novel species were later included in the genus; Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis, with cetaceans and seals as their preferred hosts, respectively. Brucella spp. have since been isolated from a variety of marine mammals. Pathological changes, including lesions of the reproductive organs and associated abortions, have only been registered in cetaceans. The zoonotic potential differs among the marine mammal Brucella strains. Many techniques, both classical typing and molecular microbiology, have been utilised for characterisation of the marine mammal Brucella spp. and the change from the band-based approaches to the sequence-based approaches has greatly increased our knowledge about these strains. Several clusters have been identified within the B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis species, and multiple studies have shown that the hooded seal isolates differ from other pinniped isolates. We describe how different molecular methods have contributed to species identification and differentiation of B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis, with special emphasis on the hooded seal isolates. We further discuss the potential role of B. pinnipedialis for the declining Northwest Atlantic hooded seal population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingebjørg H Nymo
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Section of Arctic Veterinary Medicine, the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Stakkevollveien 23, N-9010 Tromsø, Norway
- Member of Fram - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Morten Tryland
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Section of Arctic Veterinary Medicine, the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Stakkevollveien 23, N-9010 Tromsø, Norway
- Member of Fram - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jacques Godfroid
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Section of Arctic Veterinary Medicine, the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Stakkevollveien 23, N-9010 Tromsø, Norway
- Member of Fram - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nucleotide polymorphism-based single-tube test for robust molecular identification of all currently described Brucella species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6674-9. [PMID: 21803907 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00767-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the numerous molecular methods described during the last 20 years to identify Brucella, multiplexed amplification methods offer the cheapest and simplest technical solution for molecular identification. However, one disadvantage of such methods is their need to undergo technical revalidation each time a new marker is added to the system. Moreover, polymorphic markers cannot be assessed at the single-nucleotide level in these assays. Since new Brucella species are continuously being described, open methodologies able to accommodate new markers while preserving all other system parameters have an obvious advantage. We present a ligase chain reaction (LCR)-based method that simultaneously assesses multiple genetic markers at the single-nucleotide level. Most of the selected markers originate from a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) database that has been extensively validated on hundreds of different Brucella strains. When assayed on both reference and field strains, the method yields characteristic capillary electrophoresis profiles for each of the 10 Brucella species described to date and displays discriminatory potential below the species level for some. Since the LCR methodology is insensitive to interference resulting from the use of multiple oligonucleotides in a single mixture, the way is open for smooth future updates of the proposed system. Such updates are inevitable, given the pending description of new Brucella species.
Collapse
|
39
|
Advanced multiplex PCR assay for differentiation of Brucella species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6726-8. [PMID: 21666028 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00581-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new primer sets of a 766- and a 344-bp fragment were introduced into the conventional Bruce-ladder PCR assay. This novel multiplex PCR assay rapidly and concisely discriminates Brucella canis and Brucella microti from Brucella suis strains and also may differentiate all of the 10 Brucella species.
Collapse
|
40
|
Yu WL, Nielsen K. Review of detection of Brucella spp. by polymerase chain reaction. Croat Med J 2011; 51:306-13. [PMID: 20718083 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2010.51.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present a review of most of the currently used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for identification of Brucella bacteria in biological samples. We focused in particular on methods using single-pair primers, multiplex primers, real-time PCRs, PCRs for marine Brucella, and PCRs for molecular biotyping. These methods are becoming very important tools for the identification of Brucella, at the species level and recently also at the biovar level. These techniques require minimum biological containment and can provide results in a very short time. In addition, genetic fingerprinting of isolates aid in epidemiological studies of the disease and its control. PCR-based methods are more useful and practical than conventional methods used to identify Brucella spp., and new methods for Brucella spp. identification and typing are still being developed. However, the sensitivity, specificity, and issues of quality control and quality assurance using these methods must be fully validated on clinical samples before PCR can be used in routine laboratory testing for brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Yu
- Ottawa Laboratories (Fallowfield), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Road, Nepean, Ontario, K2H 8P9, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bechtol D, Carpenter LR, Mosites E, Smalley D, Dunn JR. Brucella melitensis infection following military duty in Iraq. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 58:489-92. [PMID: 21824352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease worldwide; however, few cases are reported in the US. Brucella melitensis infections are primarily acquired via consumption of high-risk foods or travel to endemic areas. We describe a case of B. melitensis infection in a Tennessee soldier following deployment in Iraq. Initial symptoms included knee and back pain. Culture of an aspirate of the left sacroiliac joint yielded B. melitensis. Genetic analysis indicated that this isolate came from the Middle East. Investigation of laboratory workers identified risky exposures and positive serology prompting post-exposure prophylaxis. Military personnel and other travellers should be advised to reduce risk regarding food consumption and animal contact in endemic areas. Additionally, medical providers should remain vigilant for non-endemic zoonoses among recent travellers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bechtol
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Single-nucleotide-polymorphism genotyping of Coxiella burnetii during a Q fever outbreak in The Netherlands. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:2051-7. [PMID: 21257816 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02293-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of Q fever. Currently, the Netherlands is facing the largest Q fever epidemic ever, with almost 4,000 notified human cases. Although the presence of a hypervirulent strain is hypothesized, epidemiological evidence, such as the animal reservoir(s) and genotype of the C. burnetii strain(s) involved, is still lacking. We developed a single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay directly applicable to clinical samples. Ten discriminatory SNPs were carefully selected and detected by real-time PCR. SNP genotyping appeared to be highly suitable for discrimination of C. burnetii strains and easy to perform with clinical samples. With this new method, we show that the Dutch outbreak is caused by at least 5 different C. burnetii genotypes. SNP typing of 14 human samples from the outbreak revealed the presence of 3 dissimilar genotypes. Two genotypes were also present in livestock at 9 farms in the outbreak area. SNP analyses of bulk milk from 5 other farms, commercial cow milk, and cow colostrum revealed 2 additional genotypes that were not detected in humans. SNP genotyping data from clinical samples clearly demonstrate that at least 5 different C. burnetii genotypes are involved in the Dutch outbreak.
Collapse
|
43
|
KANG SI, HEO EJ, CHO D, KIM JW, KIM JY, JUNG SC, HER M. Genetic Comparison of Brucella canis Isolates by the MLVA Assay in South Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:779-86. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Il KANG
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis & Zoonoses Lab., Department of Bacteriology & Parasitology, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS)
| | - Eun Jeong HEO
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis & Zoonoses Lab., Department of Bacteriology & Parasitology, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS)
| | - Donghee CHO
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis & Zoonoses Lab., Department of Bacteriology & Parasitology, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS)
| | - Jong Wan KIM
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis & Zoonoses Lab., Department of Bacteriology & Parasitology, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS)
| | - Ji-Yeon KIM
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis & Zoonoses Lab., Department of Bacteriology & Parasitology, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS)
| | - Suk Chan JUNG
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis & Zoonoses Lab., Department of Bacteriology & Parasitology, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS)
| | - Moon HER
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis & Zoonoses Lab., Department of Bacteriology & Parasitology, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rapid and reliable single nucleotide polymorphism-based differentiation of Brucella live vaccine strains from field strains. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:1461-4. [PMID: 20181906 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02193-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The reliable differentiation of live Brucella vaccine strains from field isolates is an important element in brucellosis control programs. We describe the design, validation, and implementation of a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based typing platform that offers a rapid, reliable, and robust tool to achieve this with improved diagnostic accuracy compared to existing molecular tests. Furthermore, the assays described are designed such that they supplement, and can be run as an intrinsic part of, a previously described assay identifying Brucella isolates to the species level (K. K. Gopaul, C. J. Smith, M. S. Koylass, and A. M. Whatmore, BMC Microbiol. 8:86), giving a comprehensive molecular typing platform.
Collapse
|
45
|
Identification of forensically important blowfly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) by high-resolution melting PCR analysis. Int J Legal Med 2010; 124:277-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-009-0396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
46
|
Rapid identification and discrimination of Brucella isolates by use of real-time PCR and high-resolution melt analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:697-702. [PMID: 20053863 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02021-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Definitive identification of Brucella species remains a challenge due to the high degree of genetic homology shared within the genus. We report the development of a molecular technique which utilizes real-time PCR followed by high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis to reliably type members of this genus. Using a panel of seven primer sets, we tested 153 Brucella spp. isolates with >99% accuracy compared to traditional techniques. This assay provides a useful diagnostic tool that can rapidly type Brucella isolates and has the potential to detect novel species. This approach may also prove helpful for clinical, epidemiological and veterinary investigations.
Collapse
|
47
|
Kärkkäinen PM, Valkonen M, Hyvärinen A, Nevalainen A, Rintala H. Determination of bacterial load in house dust using qPCR, chemical markers and culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:759-68. [DOI: 10.1039/b917937b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
48
|
Whatmore AM. Current understanding of the genetic diversity of Brucella, an expanding genus of zoonotic pathogens. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2009; 9:1168-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
49
|
Koylass MS, King AC, Edwards-Smallbone J, Gopaul KK, Perrett LL, Whatmore AM. Comparative performance of SNP typing and 'Bruce-ladder' in the discrimination of Brucella suis and Brucella canis. Vet Microbiol 2009; 142:450-4. [PMID: 19931322 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Two novel molecular assays, 'Bruce-ladder' and SNP typing, have recently been described designed to differentiate isolates of the genus Brucella, causative organisms of the significant zoonotic disease brucellosis, at the species level. Differentiation of Brucella canis from Brucella suis by molecular approaches can be difficult and here we compare the performance of 'Bruce-ladder' and SNP typing in correctly identifying B. canis isolates. Both assays proved easy to perform but while 'Bruce-ladder' misidentifies a substantial proportion of B. canis isolates as B. suis, all B. canis isolates were correctly identified by SNP typing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Koylass
- Department of Statutory and Exotic Bacteria, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Molecular epidemiology of Brucella genotypes in patients at a major hospital in central Peru. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:3147-55. [PMID: 19656979 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00900-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple-locus variable-number repeat analysis of 90 human Brucella melitensis isolates from a large urban area in central Peru revealed variations at 4 (Bruce07, Bruce09, Bruce18, and Bruce42) out of 16 loci investigated, of which 1 (Bruce42) also is used for species identification. Ten genotypes were identified, separated by the number of Bruce42 repeats into two groups that may have distinct phenotypic characteristics. Whereas genotypes with five or six Bruce42 repeats were cultured mainly from adult patients, genotypes with three Bruce42 repeats were isolated from children and young adolescents as well as from adults. In addition, the isolates with three Bruce42 repeats were obtained more often from patients with splenomegaly (P = 0.02) or hepatomegaly (P = 0.006). An annual variation in the diversity of genotypes was observed, possibly reflecting changes in sources of fresh dairy products, supply routes to city shops and markets, and the movement of infected dairy goat herds.
Collapse
|