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DeMetropolis SM, Pittarello A. Visual Attention to Semantic and Orthographic Associations in Fluent Aphasia: Evidence from Eye-Tracking. Percept Mot Skills 2024; 131:1097-1119. [PMID: 38649294 DOI: 10.1177/00315125241248309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We examined the allocation of visual attention in an association task by both neurotypical participants (n = 11) and adults with fluent aphasia (n = 12). Participants were presented with a picture (e.g., a basket) followed by a semantically related association (i.e., "strawberry") and an orthographically related association (i.e., "b," the first letter of "basket"). An eye tracker recorded their eye movements for three areas of interest (AOI): the picture, the semantic associate, and the orthographic associate, over 1396 observations. Results showed that both neurotypical participants and participants with aphasia looked longer at the semantic associate than at the picture, and this difference was more pronounced for neurotypicals than for people with aphasia (PWA). Neurotypicals also looked longer than the PWA group at the orthographic associate than at the prior picture. Regarding eye fixation counts, both participant groups looked more frequently at the semantic associate than at either the picture or the orthographic associate. Notably, this pattern was more pronounced among neurotypical participants than PWA. Our findings emphasize the importance of semantic associations in fluent aphasia and suggest a potential rehabilitative approach in speech and language therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M DeMetropolis
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Pittarello
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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2
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Hopp FR, Amir O, Fisher JT, Grafton S, Sinnott-Armstrong W, Weber R. Moral foundations elicit shared and dissociable cortical activation modulated by political ideology. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:2182-2198. [PMID: 37679440 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Moral foundations theory (MFT) holds that moral judgements are driven by modular and ideologically variable moral foundations but where and how these foundations are represented in the brain and shaped by political beliefs remains an open question. Using a moral vignette judgement task (n = 64), we probed the neural (dis)unity of moral foundations. Univariate analyses revealed that moral judgement of moral foundations, versus conventional norms, reliably recruits core areas implicated in theory of mind. Yet, multivariate pattern analysis demonstrated that each moral foundation elicits dissociable neural representations distributed throughout the cortex. As predicted by MFT, individuals' liberal or conservative orientation modulated neural responses to moral foundations. Our results confirm that each moral foundation recruits domain-general mechanisms of social cognition but also has a dissociable neural signature malleable by sociomoral experience. We discuss these findings in view of unified versus dissociable accounts of morality and their neurological support for MFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic R Hopp
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ori Amir
- Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Jacob T Fisher
- Department of Communication, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Scott Grafton
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - René Weber
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Communication, Media Neuroscience Lab, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- School of Communication and Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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3
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Shekari E, Seyfi M, Modarres Zadeh A, Batouli SA, Valinejad V, Goudarzi S, Joghataei MT. Mechanisms of brain activation following naming therapy in aphasia: A systematic review on task-based fMRI studies. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:780-801. [PMID: 35666667 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2074849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pattern of brain neuroplasticity after naming therapies in patients with aphasia can be evaluated using task-based fMRI. This article aims to review studies investigating brain reorganization after semantic and phonological-based anomia therapy that used picture-naming fMRI tasks. We searched for those articles that compared the activation of brain areas before and after aphasia therapies in the PubMed and the EMBASE databases from 1993 up to April 2020. All studies (single-cases or group designs) on anomia treatment in individuals with acquired aphasia were reviewed. Data were synthesized descriptively through tables to allow the facilitated comparison of the studies. A total of 14 studies were selected and reviewed. The results of the reviewed studies demonstrated that the naming improvement is associated with changes in the activation of cortical and subcortical brain areas. This review highlights the need for a more systematic investigation of the association between decreased and increased activation of brain areas related to anomia therapy. Also, more detailed information about factors influencing brain reorganization is required to elucidate the neural mechanisms of anomia therapy. Overall, regarding the theoretical and clinical aspects, the number of studies that used intensive protocol is growing, and based on the positive potential of these treatments, they could be suitable for the rehabilitation of people with aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shekari
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Seyfi
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Modarres Zadeh
- Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amirhossein Batouli
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Valinejad
- Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Goudarzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Martin S, Frieling R, Saur D, Hartwigsen G. TMS over the pre-SMA enhances semantic cognition via remote network effects on task-based activity and connectivity. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1346-1357. [PMID: 37704032 PMCID: PMC10615837 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous decline of executive abilities with age is mirrored by increased neural activity of domain-general networks during task processing. So far, it remains unclear how much domain-general networks contribute to domain-specific processes such as language when cognitive demands increase. The current neuroimaging study explored the potential of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) over a domain-general hub to enhance executive and semantic processing in healthy middle-aged to older adults. METHODS We implemented a cross-over within-subject study design with three task-based neuroimaging sessions per participant. Using an individualized stimulation approach, each participant received once effective and once sham iTBS over the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), a region of domain-general control. Subsequently, task-specific stimulation effects were assessed in functional MRI using a semantic and a non-verbal executive task with varying cognitive demand. RESULTS Effective stimulation increased activity only during semantic processing in visual and dorsal attention networks. Further, iTBS induced increased seed-based connectivity in task-specific networks for semantic and executive conditions with high cognitive load but overall reduced whole-brain coupling between domain-general networks. Notably, stimulation-induced changes in activity and connectivity related differently to behavior: While stronger activity of the parietal dorsal attention network was linked to poorer semantic performance, its enhanced coupling with the pre-SMA was associated with more efficient semantic processing. CONCLUSIONS iTBS modulates networks in a task-dependent manner and generates effects at regions remote to the stimulation site. These neural changes are linked to more efficient semantic processing, which underlines the general potential of network stimulation approaches in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martin
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Language & Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Regine Frieling
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dorothee Saur
- Language & Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Shah-Basak P, Boukrina O, Li XR, Jebahi F, Kielar A. Targeted neurorehabilitation strategies in post-stroke aphasia. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2023; 41:129-191. [PMID: 37980575 PMCID: PMC10741339 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-231344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphasia is a debilitating language impairment, affecting millions of people worldwide. About 40% of stroke survivors develop chronic aphasia, resulting in life-long disability. OBJECTIVE This review examines extrinsic and intrinsic neuromodulation techniques, aimed at enhancing the effects of speech and language therapies in stroke survivors with aphasia. METHODS We discuss the available evidence supporting the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and functional MRI (fMRI) real-time neurofeedback in aphasia rehabilitation. RESULTS This review systematically evaluates studies focusing on efficacy and implementation of specialized methods for post-treatment outcome optimization and transfer to functional skills. It considers stimulation target determination and various targeting approaches. The translation of neuromodulation interventions to clinical practice is explored, emphasizing generalization and functional communication. The review also covers real-time fMRI neurofeedback, discussing current evidence for efficacy and essential implementation parameters. Finally, we address future directions for neuromodulation research in aphasia. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive review aims to serve as a resource for a broad audience of researchers and clinicians interested in incorporating neuromodulation for advancing aphasia care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Boukrina
- Kessler Foundation, Center for Stroke Rehabilitation Research, West Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Xin Ran Li
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Fatima Jebahi
- Department of Speech, Languageand Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aneta Kielar
- Department of Speech, Languageand Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Jiang W, Merhar SL, Zeng Z, Zhu Z, Yin W, Zhou Z, Wang L, He L, Vannest J, Lin W. Neural alterations in opioid-exposed infants revealed by edge-centric brain functional networks. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac112. [PMID: 35602654 PMCID: PMC9117006 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal opioid exposure has been linked to adverse effects spanning multiple neurodevelopmental domains, including cognition, motor development, attention, and vision. However, the neural basis of these abnormalities is largely unknown. A total of 49 infants, including 21 opioid-exposed and 28 controls, were enrolled and underwent MRI (43 ± 6 days old) after birth, including resting state functional MRI. Edge-centric functional networks based on dynamic functional connections were constructed, and machine-learning methods were employed to identify neural features distinguishing opioid-exposed infants from unexposed controls. An accuracy of 73.6% (sensitivity 76.25% and specificity 69.33%) was achieved using 10 times 10-fold cross-validation, which substantially outperformed those obtained using conventional static functional connections (accuracy 56.9%). More importantly, we identified that prenatal opioid exposure preferentially affects inter- rather than intra-network dynamic functional connections, particularly with the visual, subcortical, and default mode networks. Consistent results at the brain regional and connection levels were also observed, where the brain regions and connections associated with visual and higher order cognitive functions played pivotal roles in distinguishing opioid-exposed infants from controls. Our findings support the clinical phenotype of infants exposed to opioids in utero and may potentially explain the higher rates of visual and emotional problems observed in this population. Finally, our findings suggested that edge-centric networks could better capture the neural differences between opioid-exposed infants and controls by abstracting the intrinsic co-fluctuation along edges, which may provide a promising tool for future studies focusing on investigating the effects of prenatal opioid exposure on neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Jiang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Stephanie L. Merhar
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and University of Cincinnati Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati OH, United States
| | - Zhuohao Zeng
- East Chapel Hill High School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ziliang Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Weiyan Yin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Lili He
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, United States
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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7
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LaCroix AN, James E, Rogalsky C. Neural Resources Supporting Language Production vs. Comprehension in Chronic Post-stroke Aphasia: A Meta-Analysis Using Activation Likelihood Estimates. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:680933. [PMID: 34759804 PMCID: PMC8572938 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.680933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In post-stroke aphasia, language tasks recruit a combination of residual regions within the canonical language network, as well as regions outside of it in the left and right hemispheres. However, there is a lack of consensus as to how the neural resources engaged by language production and comprehension following a left hemisphere stroke differ from one another and from controls. The present meta-analysis used activation likelihood estimates to aggregate across 44 published fMRI and PET studies to characterize the functional reorganization patterns for expressive and receptive language processes in persons with chronic post-stroke aphasia (PWA). Our results in part replicate previous meta-analyses: we find that PWA activate residual regions within the left lateralized language network, regardless of task. Our results extend this work to show differential recruitment of the left and right hemispheres during language production and comprehension in PWA. First, we find that PWA engage left perilesional regions during language comprehension, and that the extent of this activation is likely driven by stimulus type and domain-general cognitive resources needed for task completion. In contrast to comprehension, language production was associated with activation of the right frontal and temporal cortices. Further analyses linked right hemisphere regions involved in motor speech planning for language production with successful naming in PWA, while unsuccessful naming was associated with the engagement of the right inferior frontal gyrus, a region often implicated in domain-general cognitive processes. While the within-group findings indicate that the engagement of the right hemisphere during language tasks in post-stroke aphasia differs for expressive vs. receptive tasks, the overall lack of major between-group differences between PWA and controls implies that PWA rely on similar cognitive-linguistic resources for language as controls. However, more studies are needed that report coordinates for PWA and controls completing the same tasks in order for future meta-analyses to characterize how aphasia affects the neural resources engaged during language, particularly for specific tasks and as a function of behavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna N LaCroix
- College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Eltonnelle James
- College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Corianne Rogalsky
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Iyer KK, Copland DA, Angwin AJ. Dorsal and Ventral Cortical Connectivity Is Mediated by the Inferior Frontal Gyrus During Facilitated Naming of Pictures. Brain Connect 2021; 12:164-173. [PMID: 34060916 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well recognized that semantic processing and auditory repetition facilitate subsequent naming of pictures. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms that underpin these facilitation effects remain unclear. Materials and Methods: The current study utilized a dynamic causal modeling (DCM) approach to examine high-density electroencephalographic (128-channel EEG) recordings and investigate connectivity modulations during facilitated naming of pictures in 18 healthy older adults (mean age 61.50 years). Source reconstruction of event-related potentials was performed in two specific time windows, (1) 150-250 msec and (2) 300-500 msec, to establish the timescale of significant cortical activations present during participation of semantic and phonological tasks. Hypothesis-driven DCM of source-activated regions was tested to ascertain which model most likely explained the semantic and phonological conditions, respectively. Results: DCM results indicated that a common cortical network comprising dorsal and ventral cortical connections best explained EEG task data derived from repetition and semantic tasks. For repetition (phonological) tasks, this model featured long feedback, bidirectional connections from inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) to occipitotemporal areas. Semantic tasks were most plausibly explained by a model that featured a self-inhibiting connection over the IFG only. Conclusions: Findings from this study reveal that a common cortical model comprising pathways that include dorsal and ventral regions is appropriate for characterizing EEG naming facilitation data, and that distinct cortical connections explain differences between semantic and auditory repetition processes. These models could be repurposed for naming facilitation paradigms in patients with language difficulties to optimize prediction and responsiveness to such paradigms. Impact statement The combination of semantic (word-level) and phonological (sound-level) processing in the cortex facilitates one of the most robust responses-the naming of pictures. Here, dynamic causal modeling of high-density electroencephalography during facilitated naming tasks revealed a model consisting of common dorsal and ventral connections that best explained response to semantic and phonological stimuli. Within this cortical network, phonological facilitation involved a long-range connection from inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) to occipitotemporal regions, whereas semantic facilitation contributed to self-inhibition of the IFG. The IFG is therefore a key region mediating cortical activity when switching between phonological and semantic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik K Iyer
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.,School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - David A Copland
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.,School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Anthony J Angwin
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Cheng W, Luo N, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tan H, Zhang D, Sui J, Yue W, Yan H. DNA Methylation and Resting Brain Function Mediate the Association between Childhood Urbanicity and Better Speed of Processing. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4709-4718. [PMID: 33987663 PMCID: PMC8408435 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanicity has been suggested to affect cognition, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We examined whether epigenetic modification (DNA methylation, DNAm), and brain white matter fiber integrity (fractional anisotropy, FA) or local spontaneous brain function activity (regional homogeneity, ReHo) play roles in the association between childhood urbanicity and cognition based on 497 healthy Chinese adults. We found significant correlation between childhood urbanicity and better cognitive performance. Multiset canonical correlation analysis (mCCA) identified an intercorrelated DNAm-FA-ReHo triplet, which showed significant pairwise correlations (DNAm-FA: Bonferroni-adjusted P, Pbon = 4.99E-03, rho = 0.216; DNAm-ReHo: Pbon = 4.08E-03, rho = 0.239; ReHo-FA: Pbon = 1.68E-06, rho = 0.328). Causal mediation analysis revealed that 1) ReHo mediated 10.86% childhood urbanicity effects on the speed of processing and 2) childhood urbanicity alters ReHo through DNA methylation in the cadherin and Wnt signaling pathways (mediated effect: 48.55%). The mediation effect of increased ReHo in the superior temporal gyrus underlying urbanicity impact on a better speed of processing was further validated in an independent cohort. Our work suggests a mediation role for ReHo, particularly increased brain activity in the superior temporal gyrus, in the urbanicity-associated speed of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiu Cheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Luo
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuyanan Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haoyang Tan
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Sui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
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10
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Wu L, Wang C, Liu J, Guo J, Wei Y, Wang K, Miao P, Wang Y, Cheng J. Voxel-Mirrored Homotopic Connectivity Associated With Change of Cognitive Function in Chronic Pontine Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:621767. [PMID: 33679376 PMCID: PMC7929989 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.621767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies have shown the possibility of cognitive impairment after pontine stroke. In this study, we aimed to use voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) to investigate changes in the cognitive function in chronic pontine stroke. Functional MRI (fMRI) and behavioral assessments of cognitive function were obtained from 56 patients with chronic pontine ischemic stroke [28 patients with left-sided pontine stroke (LP) and 28 patients with right-sided pontine stroke (RP)] and 35 matched healthy controls (HC). The one-way ANOVA test was performed for the three groups after the VMHC analysis. Results showed that there were significant decreases in the bilateral lingual gyrus (Lingual_L and Lingual_R) and the left precuneus (Precuneus_L) in patients with chronic pontine ischemic stroke compared to HCs. However, in a post-hoc multiple comparison test, this difference remained only between the HC and RP groups. Moreover, we explored the relationship between the decreased z-values in VMHC and the behavior-task scores using a Pearson's correlation test and found that both scores of short-term memory and long-term memory in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test were positively correlated with z-values of the left lingual gyrus (Lingual_L), the right lingual gyrus (Lingual_R), and the left precuneus (Precuneus_L) in VMHC. Besides that, the z-values of Precuneus_L in VMHC were also negatively correlated with the reaction time for correct responses in the Flanker task and the spatial memory task. In conclusion, first, the lingual gyrus played an important role in verbal memory. Second, the precuneus influenced the working memory, both auditory-verbal memory and visual memory. Third, the right-sided stroke played a greater role in the results of this study. This study provides a basis for further elucidation of the characteristics and mechanisms of cognitive impairment after pontine stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luobing Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Function and Molecular Imaging, Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Function and Molecular Imaging, Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Function and Molecular Imaging, Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- GE Healthcare MR Research, Beijing, China
| | - Peifang Miao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Function and Molecular Imaging, Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Function and Molecular Imaging, Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Function and Molecular Imaging, Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wilson SM, Schneck SM. Neuroplasticity in post-stroke aphasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional imaging studies of reorganization of language processing. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2021; 2:22-82. [PMID: 33884373 PMCID: PMC8057712 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Recovery from aphasia is thought to depend on neural plasticity, that is, functional reorganization of surviving brain regions such that they take on new or expanded roles in language processing. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of all articles published between 1995 and early 2020 that have described functional imaging studies of six or more individuals with post-stroke aphasia, and have reported analyses bearing on neuroplasticity of language processing. Each study was characterized and appraised in detail, with particular attention to three critically important methodological issues: task performance confounds, contrast validity, and correction for multiple comparisons. We identified 86 studies describing a total of 561 relevant analyses. We found that methodological limitations related to task performance confounds, contrast validity, and correction for multiple comparisons have been pervasive. Only a few claims about language processing in individuals with aphasia are strongly supported by the extant literature: first, left hemisphere language regions are less activated in individuals with aphasia than neurologically normal controls, and second, in cohorts with aphasia, activity in left hemisphere language regions, and possibly a temporal lobe region in the right hemisphere, is positively correlated with language function. There is modest, equivocal evidence for the claim that individuals with aphasia differentially recruit right hemisphere homotopic regions, but no compelling evidence for differential recruitment of additional left hemisphere regions or domain-general networks. There is modest evidence that left hemisphere language regions return to function over time, but no compelling longitudinal evidence for dynamic reorganization of the language network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Wilson
- Address for correspondence: Stephen M. Wilson, Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave S, MCE 8310, Nashville, TN 37232. Phone: 615-936-5810.
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12
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Grechuta K, Rubio Ballester B, Espín Munné R, Usabiaga Bernal T, Molina Hervás B, Mohr B, Pulvermüller F, San Segundo RM, Verschure PFMJ. Multisensory cueing facilitates naming in aphasia. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2020; 17:122. [PMID: 32907594 PMCID: PMC7487671 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-020-00751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired naming is a ubiquitous symptom in all types of aphasia, which often adversely impacts independence, quality of life, and recovery of affected individuals. Previous research has demonstrated that naming can be facilitated by phonological and semantic cueing strategies that are largely incorporated into the treatment of anomic disturbances. Beneficial effects of cueing, whereby naming becomes faster and more accurate, are often attributed to the priming mechanisms occurring within the distributed language network. OBJECTIVE We proposed and explored two novel cueing techniques: (1) Silent Visuomotor Cues (SVC), which provided articulatory information of target words presented in the form of silent videos, and (2) Semantic Auditory Cues (SAC), which consisted of acoustic information semantically relevant to target words (ringing for "telephone"). Grounded in neurophysiological evidence, we hypothesized that both SVC and SAC might aid communicative effectiveness possibly by triggering activity in perceptual and semantic language regions, respectively. METHODS Ten participants with chronic non-fluent aphasia were recruited for a longitudinal clinical intervention. Participants were split into dyads (i.e., five pairs of two participants) and required to engage in a turn-based peer-to-peer language game using the Rehabilitation Gaming System for aphasia (RGSa). The objective of the RGSa sessions was to practice communicative acts, such as making a request. We administered SVCs and SACs in a pseudorandomized manner at the moment when the active player selected the object to be requested from the interlocutor. For the analysis, we compared the times from selection to the reception of the desired object between cued and non-cued trials. RESULTS Naming accuracy, as measured by a standard clinical scale, significantly improved for all stimuli at each evaluation point, including the follow-up. Moreover, the results yielded beneficial effects of both SVC and SAC cues on word naming, especially at the early intervention sessions when the exposure to the target lexicon was infrequent. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the efficacy of the proposed cueing strategies which could be integrated into the clinic or mobile technology to aid naming even at the chronic stages of aphasia. These findings are consistent with sensorimotor accounts of language processing, suggesting a coupling between language, motor, and semantic brain regions. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02928822 . Registered 30 May 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Grechuta
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Av. d'Eduard Maristany 16, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Rubio Ballester
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Av. d'Eduard Maristany 16, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Espín Munné
- Servei de Medicina Física i Rehabilitació de l'Hospital Univ. de Tarragona, 43-005, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Usabiaga Bernal
- Servei de Medicina Física i Rehabilitació de l'Hospital Univ. de Tarragona, 43-005, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Begoña Molina Hervás
- Servei de Medicina Física i Rehabilitació de l'Hospital Univ. de Tarragona, 43-005, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Bettina Mohr
- Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10-117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Pulvermüller
- Freie University Berlin, Brain Language Laboratory, DPH, WE4, 14-195, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt Universität, BSMB, 10-099, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, 10-117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rosa Maria San Segundo
- Servei de Medicina Física i Rehabilitació de l'Hospital Univ. de Tarragona, 43-005, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paul F M J Verschure
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Av. d'Eduard Maristany 16, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08-010, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Copland DA. Elizabeth Usher Memorial Lecture: Lost in Translation? Challenges and future prospects for a neurobiological approach to aphasia rehabilitation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 22:270-280. [PMID: 32686593 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2020.1768287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While there has been considerable progress in conducting trials of aphasia therapy, there is no consistent evidence for long-term benefits of aphasia treatment, suggesting the need to reconsider current approaches. There are also no accurate methods for determining the amount, type and timing of aphasia therapy that should be provided for an individual. At the same time, there has been increasing interest in applying various principles of neuroplasticity to aphasia treatment and using measures of brain structure and function to predict recovery. This article will consider the potential of neuroplasticity principles and neurobiological predictors to improve our current approach to aphasia rehabilitation and optimise outcomes. Reviewing these principles highlights some of the challenges of translating animal model-based principles and emphases the need to also consider relevant theories of human learning. While considerable progress has been made in considering neurobiological principles and using measures of brain structure and function to predict recovery, there is significant work required to achieve the full potential of this neurobiological approach to aphasia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Copland
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre for Clinical Research, Queensland Aphasia Rehabilitation Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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14
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Zhou L, Chen T, Wang Y, Fu Y, Xie X, Liu X, Chen W, Yan Z, Liu P. Influence of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis reactivation and pubertal hormones on gray matter volume in early pubertal girls. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:946-952. [PMID: 32448012 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1763342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Puberty is a sensitive period of brain development accompany with pubertal hormones fluctuation. However, the underlying mechanisms of the impact of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis reactivation and associated elevated pubertal hormones on brain structure are still unclear. Here, we investigated the brain structure differences between girls with and without HPG axis reactivation and the influence of pubertal hormones on these brain regions. METHODS 126 girls aged 8-9.5 years underwent a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test to identify the HPG axis status and categorized into HPG+ group (n = 80) and HPG- group (n = 46). T1-weighted gradient echo three dimensional MRI was performed using a 3.0-Tesla scanner to assess the difference in GMV between the two groups. Correlation analyses were conducted to explore the relations between the brain regions showing significant GMV differences and serum hormone concentrations. RESULT The HPG+ group showed significantly higher GMV in the bilateral lingual gyrus and lower GMV within the right orbital inferior frontal gyrus compare to the HPG - group. Furthermore, GMV in the right orbital inferior frontal gyrus was positively associated with plasma concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in HPG+ group. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that the reactivated HPG axis could affects regional structural brain changes in early pubertal girls. FSH production play an important role in bilateral lingual gyrus, which are involved in vision processing, semantic processing and emotional expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuchuan Fu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,China-USA Neuroimaging Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihan Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peining Liu
- Child Healthcare Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children' Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Roine T, Roine U, Tokola A, Balk MH, Mannerkoski M, Åberg L, Lönnqvist T, Autti T. Topological Alterations of the Structural Brain Connectivity Network in Children with Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:2146-2153. [PMID: 31727742 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We used diffusion MR imaging to investigate the structural brain connectivity networks in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease of childhood. Although changes in conventional MR imaging are typically not visually apparent in children aged <10 years, we previously found significant microstructural abnormalities by using diffusion MR imaging. Therefore, we hypothesized that the structural connectivity networks would also be affected in the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We acquired diffusion MR imaging data from 14 children with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (mean ± SD age, 9.6 ± 3.4 years; 10 boys) and 14 control subjects (mean ± SD age, 11.2 ± 2.3 years; 7 boys). A follow-up MR imaging was performed for 12 of the patients (mean ± SD age, 11.4 ± 3.2 years; 8 boys). We used graph theoretical analysis to investigate the global and local properties of the structural brain connectivity networks reconstructed with constrained spherical deconvolution-based whole-brain probabilistic tractography. RESULTS We found significantly increased characteristic path length (P = .003) and decreased degree (P = .003), which indicated decreased network integration and centrality in children with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. The findings were similar for the follow-up MR imaging, and there were no significant differences between the two acquisitions of the patients. In addition, we found that the disease severity correlated negatively (P < .007) with integration, segregation, centrality, and small-worldness of the networks. Moreover, we found significantly (P < .0003) decreased local efficiency in the left supramarginal gyrus and temporal plane, and decreased strength in the right lingual gyrus. CONCLUSIONS We found significant global and local network alterations in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis that correlated with the disease severity and in areas related to the symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Roine
- Radiology, Child Psychiatry (M.M.)
- Turku Brain and Mind Center (T.R.), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (T.R.), Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - U Roine
- Radiology, Child Psychiatry (M.M.)
| | - A Tokola
- Radiology, Child Psychiatry (M.M.)
| | - M H Balk
- Radiology, Child Psychiatry (M.M.)
| | | | - L Åberg
- Department of Psychiatry (L.Å.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Lönnqvist
- Department of Child Neurology (T.L.), Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Autti
- Radiology, Child Psychiatry (M.M.)
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16
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Lee SW, Cha H, Chung Y, Kim E, Song H, Chang Y, Lee SJ. The neural correlates of thought-action fusion in healthy adults: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:732-743. [PMID: 31287937 DOI: 10.1002/da.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thought-action fusion (TAF) represents an individual's belief that a thought is like action. Inflated TAF has been considered a central mechanism for developing obsessive thoughts. However, the neural mechanisms underlying TAF are yet unknown. METHODS We recruited 32 healthy men to participate in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Whereas inside the 3T MRI scanner, participants were asked to read negative statements describing the expectation of bad events associated with close persons (CPs condition) or neutral persons (NPs condition). They also completed the assessment of TAF and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. RESULTS Both CP and NP conditions commonly activated the lingual gyrus, caudate nucleus, precuneus, and several areas of the frontal cortex. Importantly, many of these regions were positively correlated with measures of OC symptoms, especially for the CP condition. The CP condition showed higher activation in the insula and temporal gyrus than the NP condition. In contrast, the NP condition evoked higher activation in regions associated with mentalizing, such as the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex than the CP condition. CONCLUSIONS We introduced and validated a TAF-induction paradigm suitable for fMRI studies and characterized the neural circuits engaged during this paradigm. Further studies using this task may help us to better understand how dysfunctions in TAF neural processing may contribute to psychiatric conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyunsil Cha
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Younjae Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Huijin Song
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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17
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Shi H, Wang Y, Liu X, Xia L, Chen Y, Lu Q, Nguchu BA, Wang H, Qiu B, Wang X, Feng L. Cortical Alterations by the Abnormal Visual Experience beyond the Critical Period: A Resting-state fMRI Study on Constant Exotropia. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:1386-1392. [PMID: 31280612 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1639767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The pathological mechanisms of constant exotropia (XT) are still not understood. This study aimed to critically investigate whether patients with XT express neuronal activity changes after the critical period of visual development and further explore how these alterations are associated with behavioral performance.Materials and methods: Fourteen patients with XT and 16 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The regional homogeneity (ReHo) method was used to evaluate spontaneous brain activities. The association between significantly altered mean ReHo values and behavioral performance was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis.Results: Compared with HCs, the right secondary visual cortex (V2) in patients with XT exhibited increased ReHo values, whereas the left Brodmann area 47 (BA47) demonstrated decreased spontaneous ReHo values. In patients with XT, the correlation between the left BA47's mean ReHo value and duration of strabismus was positively significant.Conclusions: These findings indicate that patients with XT have severe neural dysfunction in the right V2 and left BA47, and pathological severity in the left BA47 is likely influenced by duration of ongoing strabismus. Therefore, these results may provide clinically important information toward understanding the underlying pathological mechanisms of XT and thus can be fundamental in future XT research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qinlin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Huijuan Wang
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lixia Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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18
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Berthier ML, De-Torres I, Paredes-Pacheco J, Roé-Vellvé N, Thurnhofer-Hemsi K, Torres-Prioris MJ, Alfaro F, Moreno-Torres I, López-Barroso D, Dávila G. Cholinergic Potentiation and Audiovisual Repetition-Imitation Therapy Improve Speech Production and Communication Deficits in a Person with Crossed Aphasia by Inducing Structural Plasticity in White Matter Tracts. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:304. [PMID: 28659776 PMCID: PMC5470532 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Donepezil (DP), a cognitive-enhancing drug targeting the cholinergic system, combined with massed sentence repetition training augmented and speeded up recovery of speech production deficits in patients with chronic conduction aphasia and extensive left hemisphere infarctions (Berthier et al., 2014). Nevertheless, a still unsettled question is whether such improvements correlate with restorative structural changes in gray matter and white matter pathways mediating speech production. In the present study, we used pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging to study treatment-induced brain changes in gray matter and white matter tracts in a right-handed male with chronic conduction aphasia and a right subcortical lesion (crossed aphasia). A single-patient, open-label multiple-baseline design incorporating two different treatments and two post-treatment evaluations was used. The patient received an initial dose of DP (5 mg/day) which was maintained during 4 weeks and then titrated up to 10 mg/day and administered alone (without aphasia therapy) during 8 weeks (Endpoint 1). Thereafter, the drug was combined with an audiovisual repetition-imitation therapy (Look-Listen-Repeat, LLR) during 3 months (Endpoint 2). Language evaluations, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) were performed at baseline and at both endpoints in JAM and once in 21 healthy control males. Treatment with DP alone and combined with LLR therapy induced marked improvement in aphasia and communication deficits as well as in selected measures of connected speech production, and phrase repetition. The obtained gains in speech production remained well-above baseline scores even 4 months after ending combined therapy. Longitudinal DWI showed structural plasticity in the right frontal aslant tract and direct segment of the arcuate fasciculus with both interventions. VBM revealed no structural changes in other white matter tracts nor in cortical areas linked by these tracts. In conclusion, cholinergic potentiation alone and combined with a model-based aphasia therapy improved language deficits by promoting structural plastic changes in right white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L Berthier
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit and Cathedra ARPA of Aphasia, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of MalagaMalaga, Spain
| | - Irene De-Torres
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit and Cathedra ARPA of Aphasia, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of MalagaMalaga, Spain.,Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Regional University Hospital, MalagaMalaga, Spain
| | - José Paredes-Pacheco
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, General Foundation of the University of MalagaMalaga, Spain
| | - Núria Roé-Vellvé
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, General Foundation of the University of MalagaMalaga, Spain
| | - Karl Thurnhofer-Hemsi
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, General Foundation of the University of MalagaMalaga, Spain.,Department of Computer Languages and Computer Science, Superior Technical School of Engineering in Informatics, University of MalagaMalaga, Spain
| | - María J Torres-Prioris
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit and Cathedra ARPA of Aphasia, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of MalagaMalaga, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of MalagaMalaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Alfaro
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, General Foundation of the University of MalagaMalaga, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Torres
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit and Cathedra ARPA of Aphasia, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of MalagaMalaga, Spain.,Department of Spanish Language I, University of MalagaMalaga, Spain
| | - Diana López-Barroso
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit and Cathedra ARPA of Aphasia, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of MalagaMalaga, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of MalagaMalaga, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Dávila
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit and Cathedra ARPA of Aphasia, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of MalagaMalaga, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of MalagaMalaga, Spain
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Owen T, Adegboye D, Gimeno H, Selway R, Lin JP. Stable cognitive functioning with improved perceptual reasoning in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy and other secondary dystonias after deep brain stimulation. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2017; 21:193-201. [PMID: 27836441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystonia is characterised by involuntary movements (twisting, writhing and jerking) and postures. Secondary dystonias are described as a heterogeneous group of disorders with both exogenous and endogenous causes. There is a growing body of literature on the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery on the motor function in childhood secondary dystonias, however research on cognitive function after DBS is scarce. METHODS Cognitive function was measured in a cohort of 40 children with secondary dystonia following DBS surgery using a retrospective repeated measures design. Baseline pre-DBS neuropsychological measures were compared to scores obtained at least one year following DBS. Cognitive function was assessed using standardised measures of intellectual ability and memory. RESULTS There was no significant change in the assessed domains of cognitive function following DBS surgery. A significant improvement across the group was found on the Picture Completion subtest, measuring perceptual reasoning ability, following DBS. CONCLUSION Cognition remained stable in children with secondary dystonia following DBS surgery, with some improvements noted in a domain of perceptual reasoning. Further research with a larger sample is necessary to further explore this, in particular to further subdivide this group to account for its heterogeneity. This preliminary data has potentially positive implications for the impact of DBS on cognitive functioning within the childhood secondary dystonia population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Owen
- Complex Motor Disorders Service, Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Clinical Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK.
| | - Dolapo Adegboye
- Complex Motor Disorders Service, Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hortensia Gimeno
- Complex Motor Disorders Service, Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Richard Selway
- Functional Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jean-Pierre Lin
- Complex Motor Disorders Service, Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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20
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Yang H, Bai L, Zhou Y, Kang S, Liang P, Wang L, Zhu Y. Increased inter-hemispheric resting-state functional connectivity in acute lacunar stroke patients with aphasia. Exp Brain Res 2016; 235:941-948. [PMID: 27942764 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4851-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aphasia is a devastating neurological condition affecting a person's ability to communicate and reintegrate into the society. It may occur in 20% or more of patients after stroke. The recovery of language function is accompanied by brain reorganization, and identifying the inter-hemispheric interaction post-stroke will conduce to more targeted treatments. Previous studies suggested that robust homotopic resting-state functional connectivity is a key characteristic of the brain's intrinsic functional architecture, and communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres is important for language processing. In this study, voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) was used to examine the inter-hemispheric resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) differences between 37 patients with acute lacunar stroke in the left hemisphere and 28 healthy controls. Besides, correlation analyses were carried out to investigate the relationship between VMHC values of brain regions showing abnormal inter-hemispheric RSFC and clinical variables [i.e., aphasia quotient (AQ) scores, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Mini-Mental State Examination of patients]. Compared with healthy controls, patients showed significantly increased VMHC in the pars orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior part of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and lingual gyrus. No brain region showed decreased VMHC in the patient group than in the healthy control group. The AQ scores were negatively correlated with VMHC values in the STG. NIHSS scores were positively correlated with VMHC values in the lingual gyrus. We hope these results could shed new insights into the pathology of aphasia in patients with acute lacunar stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Kang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China.
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Chang HJ, Kang J, Ham BJ, Lee YM. A functional neuroimaging study of the clinical reasoning of medical students. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2016; 21:969-982. [PMID: 27230543 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-016-9685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As clinical reasoning is a fundamental competence of physicians for good clinical practices, medical academics have endeavored to teach reasoning skills to undergraduate students. However, our current understanding of student-level clinical reasoning is limited, mainly because of the lack of evaluation tools for this internal cognitive process. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aimed to examine the clinical reasoning processes of medical students in response to problem-solving questions. We recruited 24 2nd-year medical students who had completed their preclinical curriculum. They answered 40 clinical vignette-based multiple-choice questions during fMRI scanning. We compared the imaging data for 20 problem-solving questions (reasoning task) and 20 recall questions (recall task). Compared to the recall task, the reasoning task resulted in significantly greater activation in nine brain regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex, which are known to be associated with executive function and deductive reasoning. During the recall task, significant activation was observed in the brain regions that are related to memory and emotions, including the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Our results support that medical students mainly solve clinical questions with deductive reasoning involving prior knowledge structures and executive functions. The problem-solving questions induced the students to utilize higher cognitive functions compared with the recall questions. Interestingly, the results suggested that the students experienced some emotional distress while they were solving the recall questions. In addition, these results suggest that fMRI is a promising research tool for investigating students' cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Joo Chang
- Department of Medical Humanities, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - June Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Mee Lee
- Department of Medical Humanities, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea.
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22
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Default-mode network connectivity in cognitively unimpaired drug-naïve patients with rigidity-dominant Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 2016; 264:152-160. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li Q, Bai J, Zhang J, Gong Q, Liu L. Assessment of Cortical Dysfunction in Patients with Intermittent Exotropia: An fMRI Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160806. [PMID: 27501391 PMCID: PMC4976854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural imaging studies have found the connection between strabismus and brain cortex. However, the pathological mechanisms of intermittent exotropia are still not fully understood. In the present study, changes of binocular fusion related cortices in intermittent exotropia were investigated with blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Activated cortices induced by fusion stimulus were found to be distributed in several regions such as bilateral middle occipital gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, left superior parietal lobule and so on. Compared with normal subjects, the increased activation intensity was observed in bilateral superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobule in subjects with intermittent exotropia. These findings indicate that binocular fusion involves a complicated brain network including several regions. And cortical activities of bilateral superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobule compensate for the binocular fusion dysfunction in intermittent exotropia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Junxing Bai
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, MEM Eye Care System, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junran Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Altered Intrinsic Regional Activity and Interregional Functional Connectivity in Post-stroke Aphasia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24803. [PMID: 27091494 PMCID: PMC4835729 DOI: 10.1038/srep24803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Several neuroimaging studies have examined cerebral function in patients who suffer from aphasia, but the mechanism underlying this disorder remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined alterations in the local regional and remote interregional network cerebral functions in aphasia combined with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and interregional functional connectivity (FC) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 17 post-stroke aphasic patients, all having suffered a stroke in the left hemisphere, as well as 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, were enrolled in this study. The aphasic patients showed significantly increased intrinsic regional activity mainly in the contralesional mesial temporal (hippocampus/parahippocampus, [HIP/ParaHIP]) and lateral temporal cortices. In addition, intrinsic regional activity in the contralesional HIP/ParaHIP was negatively correlated with construction score. Aphasic patients showed increased remote interregional FC between the contralesional HIP/ParaHIP and fusiform gyrus, but reduced FC in the ipsilesional occipital and parietal cortices. These findings suggested that the intrinsic regional brain dysfunctions in aphasia were related to interregional functional connectivity. Changes in the intrinsic regional brain activity and associated remote functional connectivity pattern would provide valuable information to enhance the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of aphasia.
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25
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Abstract
Evidence has accumulated from the task-related and task-free (i.e., resting state) studies that alternations of intrinsic neural networks exist in poststroke aphasia (PSA) patients. However, information is lacking on the changes in the local synchronization of spontaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygen level-dependent fluctuations in PSA at rest. We investigated the altered intrinsic local synchronization using regional homogeneity (ReHo) on PSA (n = 17) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n = 20). We examined the correlations between the abnormal ReHo values and the aphasia severity and language performance in PSA. Compared with HCs, the PSA patients exhibited decreased intrinsic local synchronization in the right lingual gyrus, the left calcarine, the left cuneus, the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and the left medial of SFG. The local synchronization (ReHo value) in the left medial of SFG was positively correlated with aphasia severity (r = 0.55, P = 0.027) and the naming scores of Aphasia Battery of Chinese (r = 0.66, P = 0.005). This result is consistent with the important role of this value in language processing even in the resting state. The pathogenesis of PSA may be attributed to abnormal intrinsic local synchronous in multiple brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yang
- From the Center for Information in BioMedicine (MY, JL, DY, HC), Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and Department of Stomatology (MY), the Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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26
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Kiran S, Meier EL, Kapse KJ, Glynn PA. Changes in task-based effective connectivity in language networks following rehabilitation in post-stroke patients with aphasia. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:316. [PMID: 26106314 PMCID: PMC4460429 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined regions in the left and right hemisphere language network that were altered in terms of the underlying neural activation and effective connectivity subsequent to language rehabilitation. Eight persons with chronic post-stroke aphasia and eight normal controls participated in the current study. Patients received a 10 week semantic feature-based rehabilitation program to improve their skills. Therapy was provided on atypical examples of one trained category while two control categories were monitored; the categories were counterbalanced across patients. In each fMRI session, two experimental tasks were conducted: (a) picture naming and (b) semantic feature verification of trained and untrained categories. Analysis of treatment effect sizes revealed that all patients showed greater improvements on the trained category relative to untrained categories. Results from this study show remarkable patterns of consistency despite the inherent variability in lesion size and activation patterns across patients. Across patients, activation that emerged as a function of rehabilitation on the trained category included bilateral IFG, bilateral SFG, LMFG, and LPCG for picture naming; and bilateral IFG, bilateral MFG, LSFG, and bilateral MTG for semantic feature verification. Analysis of effective connectivity using Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) indicated that LIFG was the consistently significantly modulated region after rehabilitation across participants. These results indicate that language networks in patients with aphasia resemble normal language control networks and that this similarity is accentuated by rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Kiran
- Aphasia Research Laboratory, Speech Language and Hearing Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University Boston MA, USA
| | - Erin L Meier
- Aphasia Research Laboratory, Speech Language and Hearing Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University Boston MA, USA
| | - Kushal J Kapse
- Aphasia Research Laboratory, Speech Language and Hearing Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University Boston MA, USA
| | - Peter A Glynn
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago IL, USA
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Heath S, McMahon KL, Nickels LA, Angwin A, MacDonald AD, van Hees S, McKinnon E, Johnson K, Copland DA. An fMRI investigation of the effects of attempted naming on word retrieval in aphasia. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:291. [PMID: 26074801 PMCID: PMC4443028 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy controls, picture naming performance can be facilitated by a single prior exposure to the same picture (“priming”). This priming phenomenon is utilized in the treatment of aphasia, which often includes repeated picture naming as part of a therapeutic task. The current study sought to determine whether single and/or multiple exposures facilitate subsequent naming in aphasia and whether such facilitatory effects act through normal priming mechanisms. A functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm was employed to explore the beneficial effects of attempted naming in two individuals with aphasia and a control group. The timing and number of prior exposures was manipulated, with investigation of both short-term effects (single prior exposure over a period of minutes) and long-term effects (multiple presentations over a period of days). Following attempted naming, both short-term and long-term facilitated items showed improvement for controls, while only the long-term condition showed benefits at a behavioral level for the participants with aphasia. At a neural level, effects of long-term facilitation were noted in the left precuneus for one participant with aphasia, a result also identified for the equivalent contrast in controls. It appears that multiple attempts are required to improve naming performance in the presence of anomia and that for some individuals with aphasia the source of facilitation may be similar to unimpaired mechanisms engaged outside the language network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiree Heath
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW, Australia ; Language Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, St Lucia QLD, Australia
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, Australia
| | - Lyndsey A Nickels
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW, Australia ; NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Aphasia Rehabilitation, St Lucia QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony Angwin
- NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Aphasia Rehabilitation, St Lucia QLD, Australia ; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, Australia
| | - Anna D MacDonald
- Language Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, St Lucia QLD, Australia ; NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Aphasia Rehabilitation, St Lucia QLD, Australia
| | - Sophia van Hees
- Language Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, St Lucia QLD, Australia ; NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Aphasia Rehabilitation, St Lucia QLD, Australia
| | - Eril McKinnon
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, Australia
| | - Kori Johnson
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, Australia
| | - David A Copland
- Language Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, St Lucia QLD, Australia ; NHMRC Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Aphasia Rehabilitation, St Lucia QLD, Australia ; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, Australia
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Shimizu Y, Yoshimoto J, Toki S, Takamura M, Yoshimura S, Okamoto Y, Yamawaki S, Doya K. Toward Probabilistic Diagnosis and Understanding of Depression Based on Functional MRI Data Analysis with Logistic Group LASSO. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123524. [PMID: 25932629 PMCID: PMC4416710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders based on brain imaging data is highly desirable in clinical applications. However, a common problem in applying machine learning algorithms is that the number of imaging data dimensions often greatly exceeds the number of available training samples. Furthermore, interpretability of the learned classifier with respect to brain function and anatomy is an important, but non-trivial issue. We propose the use of logistic regression with a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to capture the most critical input features. In particular, we consider application of group LASSO to select brain areas relevant to diagnosis. An additional advantage of LASSO is its probabilistic output, which allows evaluation of diagnosis certainty. To verify our approach, we obtained semantic and phonological verbal fluency fMRI data from 31 depression patients and 31 control subjects, and compared the performances of group LASSO (gLASSO), and sparse group LASSO (sgLASSO) to those of standard LASSO (sLASSO), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest. Over 90% classification accuracy was achieved with gLASSO, sgLASSO, as well as SVM; however, in contrast to SVM, LASSO approaches allow for identification of the most discriminative weights and estimation of prediction reliability. Semantic task data revealed contributions to the classification from left precuneus, left precentral gyrus, left inferior frontal cortex (pars triangularis), and left cerebellum (c rus1). Weights for the phonological task indicated contributions from left inferior frontal operculum, left post central gyrus, left insula, left middle frontal cortex, bilateral middle temporal cortices, bilateral precuneus, left inferior frontal cortex (pars triangularis), and left precentral gyrus. The distribution of normalized odds ratios further showed, that predictions with absolute odds ratios higher than 0.2 could be regarded as certain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shimizu
- Neural Computation Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yoshimoto
- Neural Computation Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Shigeru Toki
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takamura
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinpei Yoshimura
- Faculty of Psychology, Otemon Gakuin University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okamoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Doya
- Neural Computation Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
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29
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Tao J, Fang Y, Wu Z, Rao T, Su Y, Lin L, Liu W, Wu J, Yang S, Zheng G, Chen L. Community-applied research of a traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation scheme on Broca's aphasia after stroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:290. [PMID: 25044172 PMCID: PMC4223562 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aphasia is a common and severely disabling complication in stroke patients. It usually brings about lower rates of functional recovery, longer rehabilitation length of stay (LOS), and significantly poorer LOS efficiency (LOS-Eff), resulting in higher rehabilitation costs compared to patients without aphasia. It also decreases the quality of life and increases the mortality of stroke patients. The evidence currently available suggests that the effect of acupuncture combined with language training for apoplectic aphasia is statistically better than speech and language therapy (SLT) alone, but there remains a lack of high-quality randomized controlled trials. Acupuncture combined with language training is relatively low-cost and especially suitable for community-based rehabilitation for aphasia patients after stroke, taking its medical and health facilities which are always deficient in manpower and material resources into account. The aim of the present study is to develop an effective standard therapeutic program for apoplectic aphasia in communities. Methods/Design In a randomized controlled clinical trial with blinded assessment, 290 eligible patients with aphasia due to stroke will be randomly allocated into a control group or an experimental group. The course of this trial will comprise a 4-week intervention and a 12-week follow-up period. Five assessment points, including baseline, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, 6 and 12 weeks after follow-up, are set to dynamically observe the changes of curative effects. Primary outcome measures are the differences in the score on both the China rehabilitation research center aphasia examination (CRRCAE) and Boston diagnostic aphasia examination - Chinese version (BDAE-C) after intervention and follow-up. The Modified Barthel Index (MBI), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and results of blood oxygen level dependent-functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) examination are considered as the secondary outcome measures. Other outcomes will include rate of adverse events and economic effects. Discussion If the outcome is positive, this project will offer a low-cost appropriate technology for community health centers (CHCs) in the rehabilitation of aphasia patients after stroke, and could be implemented on a large scale, both in China and worldwide. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry:
ChiCTR-TRC-13003703. Registration date: 18 October 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lidian Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No,1 Huatuo Road Shangjie Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Connectivity between Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Supplementary Motor Area Predicts After-Effects of Right Frontal Cathodal tDCS on Picture Naming Speed. Brain Stimul 2014; 7:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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