1
|
Shen Q, Guo H, Yan Y. Photobiomodulation for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1625. [PMID: 38338901 PMCID: PMC10855709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involve the progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons in the central nervous system and thus present a significant challenge due to the absence of effective therapies for halting or reversing their progression. Based on the characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), which have prolonged incubation periods and protracted courses, exploring non-invasive physical therapy methods is essential for alleviating such diseases and ensuring that patients have an improved quality of life. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and infrared light for therapeutic benefits and functions by stimulating, healing, regenerating, and protecting organizations at risk of injury, degradation, or death. Over the last two decades, PBM has gained widespread recognition as a non-invasive physical therapy method, showing efficacy in pain relief, anti-inflammatory responses, and tissue regeneration. Its application has expanded into the fields of neurology and psychiatry, where extensive research has been conducted. This paper presents a review and evaluation of studies investigating PBM in neurodegenerative diseases, with a specific emphasis on recent applications in AD and PD treatment for both animal and human subjects. Molecular mechanisms related to neuron damage and cognitive impairment are scrutinized, offering valuable insights into PBM's potential as a non-invasive therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (H.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haoyun Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (H.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yihua Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (H.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bicknell B, Liebert A, Herkes G. Parkinson's Disease and Photobiomodulation: Potential for Treatment. J Pers Med 2024; 14:112. [PMID: 38276234 PMCID: PMC10819946 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is increasing in incidence. The combination of motor and non-motor symptoms makes this a devastating disease for people with Parkinson's disease and their care givers. Parkinson's disease is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death in the substantia nigra, a reduction in dopamine, accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates and neuroinflammation. The microbiome-gut-brain axis is also important in Parkinson's disease, involved in the spread of inflammation and aggregated α-synuclein. The mainstay of Parkinson's disease treatment is dopamine replacement therapy, which can reduce some of the motor signs. There is a need for additional treatment options to supplement available medications. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a form of light therapy that has been shown to have multiple clinical benefits due to its enhancement of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the subsequent increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. PBM also modulates cellular signalling and has been shown to reduce inflammation. Clinically, PBM has been used for decades to improve wound healing, treat pain, reduce swelling and heal deep tissues. Pre-clinical experiments have indicated that PBM has the potential to improve the clinical signs of Parkinson's disease and to provide neuroprotection. This effect is seen whether the PBM is directed to the head of the animal or to other parts of the body (remotely). A small number of clinical trials has given weight to the possibility that using PBM can improve both motor and non-motor clinical signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease and may potentially slow its progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bicknell
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia;
| | - Ann Liebert
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia;
- Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga 2076, Australia
- Faculty of medicine and Health, Sydney University, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Herkes
- Neurologist, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga 2076, Australia;
- College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin H, Li D, Zhu J, Liu S, Li J, Yu T, Tuchin VV, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Zhu D. Transcranial photobiomodulation for brain diseases: review of animal and human studies including mechanisms and emerging trends. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:010601. [PMID: 38317779 PMCID: PMC10840571 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.010601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The brain diseases account for 30% of all known diseases. Pharmacological treatment is hampered by the blood-brain barrier, limiting drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a promising technology for treating brain diseases, due to its effectiveness, non-invasiveness, and affordability. tPBM has been widely used in pre-clinical experiments and clinical trials for treating brain diseases, such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of tPBM. We summarize emerging trends and new discoveries in tPBM based on over one hundred references published in the past 20 years. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of tPBM and highlight successful experimental and clinical protocols for treating various brain diseases. A better understanding of tPBM mechanisms, the development of guidelines for clinical practice, and the study of dose-dependent and personal effects hold great promise for progress in treating brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Optical Electronic Information, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingtan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingting Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Saratov State University, Science Medical Center, Saratov, Russia
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Saratov State University, Science Medical Center, Saratov, Russia
- Humboldt University, Department of Physics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gordon LC, Martin KL, Torres N, Benabid A, Mitrofanis J, Stone J, Moro C, Johnstone DM. Remote photobiomodulation targeted at the abdomen or legs provides effective neuroprotection against parkinsonian MPTP insult. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:1611-1624. [PMID: 36949610 PMCID: PMC10947039 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM)-the irradiation of tissue with low-intensity light-mitigates neuropathology in rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD) when targeted at the head ('transcranial PBM'). In humans, however, attenuation of light energy by the scalp and skull necessitates a different approach. We have reported that targeting PBM at the body also protects the brain by a mechanism that spreads from the irradiated tissue ('remote PBM'), although the optimal peripheral tissue target for remote PBM is currently unclear. This study compared the neuroprotective efficacy of remote PBM targeting the abdomen or leg with transcranial PBM, in mouse and non-human primate models of PD. In a pilot study, the neurotoxin MPTP was used to induce PD in non-human primates; PBM (670 nm, 50 mW/cm2 , 6 min/day) of the abdomen (n = 1) was associated with fewer clinical signs and more surviving midbrain dopaminergic cells relative to MPTP-injected non-human primates not treated with PBM. Validation studies in MPTP-injected mice (n = 10 per group) revealed a significant rescue of midbrain dopaminergic cells in mice receiving PBM to the abdomen (~80%, p < .0001) or legs (~80%, p < .0001), with comparable rescue of axonal terminals in the striatum. Strikingly, this degree of neuroprotection was at least as, if not more, pronounced than that achieved with transcranial PBM. These findings confirm that remote PBM provides neuroprotection against MPTP-induced destruction of the key circuitry underlying PD, with both the abdomen and legs serving as viable remote targets. This should provide the impetus for a comprehensive investigation of remote PBM-induced neuroprotection in other models of PD and, ultimately, human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. Gordon
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kristy L. Martin
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Napoleon Torres
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec38000GrenobleFrance
| | | | - John Mitrofanis
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Jonathan Stone
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Cecile Moro
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Daniel M. Johnstone
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nizamutdinov D, Ezeudu C, Wu E, Huang JH, Yi SS. Transcranial near-infrared light in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965788. [PMID: 36034819 PMCID: PMC9400541 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a natural agent consisting of a range of visible and invisible electromagnetic spectrum travels in waves. Near-infrared (NIR) light refers to wavelengths from 800 to 2,500 nm. It is an invisible spectrum to naked eyes and can penetrate through soft and hard tissues into deep structures of the human body at specific wavelengths. NIR light may carry different energy levels depending on the intensity of emitted light and therapeutic spectrum (wavelength). Stimulation with NIR light can activate intracellular cascades of biochemical reactions with local short- and long-term positive effects. These properties of NIR light are employed in photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, have been linked to treating several brain pathologies, and are attracting more scientific attention in biomedicine. Transcranial brain stimulations with NIR light PBM in recent animal and human studies revealed a positive impact of treatment on the progression and improvement of neurodegenerative processes, management of brain energy metabolism, and regulation of chronic brain inflammation associated with various conditions, including traumatic brain injury. This scientific overview incorporates the most recent cellular and functional findings in PBM with NIR light in treating neurodegenerative diseases, presents the discussion of the proposed mechanisms of action, and describes the benefits of this treatment in neuroprotection, cell preservation/detoxification, anti-inflammatory properties, and regulation of brain energy metabolism. This review will also discuss the novel aspects and pathophysiological role of the glymphatic and brain lymphatics system in treating neurodegenerative diseases with NIR light stimulations. Scientific evidence presented in this overview will support a combined effort in the scientific community to increase attention to the understudied NIR light area of research as a natural agent in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases to promote more research and raise awareness of PBM in the treatment of brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damir Nizamutdinov
- Baylor Scott and White Health, Neuroscience Institute, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
- Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
| | - Chibueze Ezeudu
- Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
| | - Erxi Wu
- Baylor Scott and White Health, Neuroscience Institute, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
- Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
- Texas A&M University, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, TX, United States
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, United States
| | - Jason H. Huang
- Baylor Scott and White Health, Neuroscience Institute, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
- Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Neurosurgery, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: S. Stephen Yi, ; Jason H. Huang,
| | - S. Stephen Yi
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: S. Stephen Yi, ; Jason H. Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mosilhy EA, Alshial EE, Eltaras MM, Rahman MMA, Helmy HI, Elazoul AH, Hamdy O, Mohammed HS. Non-invasive transcranial brain modulation for neurological disorders treatment: A narrative review. Life Sci 2022; 307:120869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Moro C, Valverde A, Dole M, Hoh Kam J, Hamilton C, Liebert A, Bicknell B, Benabid AL, Magistretti P, Mitrofanis J. The effect of photobiomodulation on the brain during wakefulness and sleep. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:942536. [PMID: 35968381 PMCID: PMC9366035 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.942536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last seventy years or so, many previous studies have shown that photobiomodulation, the use of red to near infrared light on body tissues, can improve central and peripheral neuronal function and survival in both health and in disease. These improvements are thought to arise principally from an impact of photobiomodulation on mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial mechanisms in a range of different cell types, including neurones. This impact has downstream effects on many stimulatory and protective genes. An often-neglected feature of nearly all of these improvements is that they have been induced during the state of wakefulness. Recent studies have shown that when applied during the state of sleep, photobiomodulation can also be of benefit, but in a different way, by improving the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and the clearance of toxic waste-products from the brain. In this review, we consider the potential differential effects of photobiomodulation dependent on the state of arousal. We speculate that the effects of photobiomodulation is on different cells and systems depending on whether it is applied during wakefulness or sleep, that it may follow a circadian rhythm. We speculate further that the arousal-dependent photobiomodulation effects are mediated principally through a biophoton – ultra-weak light emission – network of communication and repair across the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Moro
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Valverde
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marjorie Dole
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jaimie Hoh Kam
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ann Liebert
- Governance and Research Department, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Bicknell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Pierre Magistretti
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: John Mitrofanis,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nizamutdinov D, Qi X, Berman MH, Dougal G, Dayawansa S, Wu E, Yi SS, Stevens AB, Huang JH. Transcranial Near Infrared Light Stimulations Improve Cognition in Patients with Dementia. Aging Dis 2021; 12:954-963. [PMID: 34221541 PMCID: PMC8219492 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a complex syndrome with various presentations depending on the underlying pathologies. Low emission of transcranial near-infrared (tNIR) light can reach human brain parenchyma and be beneficial to a number of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. We hereby examined the safety and potential therapeutic benefits of tNIR light stimulations in the treatment of dementia. Patients of mild to moderate dementia were randomized into active and sham treatment groups at 2:1 ratio. Active treatment consisted of low power tNIR light stimulations with an active photobiomodulation for 6 min twice daily during 8 consequent weeks. Sham treatment consisted of same treatment routine with a sham device. Neuropsychological battery was obtained before and after treatment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze outcomes. Sixty subjects were enrolled. Fifty-seven subjects completed the study and had not reported health or adverse side effects during or after the treatment. Three subjects dropped out from trial for health issues unrelated to use of tNIR light treatment. Treatment with active device resulted in improvements of cognitive functions and changes were: an average increase of MMSE by 4.8 points; Logical Memory Tests I and II by ~3.0 points; Trail Making Tests A and B by ~24%; Boston Naming Test by ~9%; improvement of both Auditory Verbal Learning Tests in all subtest categories and overall time of performance. Many patients reported improved sleep after ~7 days of treatment. Caregivers noted that patients had less anxiety, improved mood, energy, and positive daily routine after ~14-21 days of treatment. The tNIR light treatments demonstrated safety and positive cognitive improvements in patients with dementia. Developed treatment protocol can be conveniently used at home. This study suggests that additional dementia treatment trials are warranted with a focus on mitigating caregivers’ burden with tNIR light treatment of dementia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damir Nizamutdinov
- 1Baylor Scott and White Health, Neuroscience Institute, Neurosurgery, Temple, TX, USA.,2Texas A&M University, HSC, College of Medicine, Neurosurgery, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoming Qi
- 1Baylor Scott and White Health, Neuroscience Institute, Neurosurgery, Temple, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Samantha Dayawansa
- 1Baylor Scott and White Health, Neuroscience Institute, Neurosurgery, Temple, TX, USA.,2Texas A&M University, HSC, College of Medicine, Neurosurgery, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- 1Baylor Scott and White Health, Neuroscience Institute, Neurosurgery, Temple, TX, USA.,2Texas A&M University, HSC, College of Medicine, Neurosurgery, Temple, TX, USA.,5Texas A&M University, HSC, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA.,6Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - S Stephen Yi
- 6Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alan B Stevens
- 1Baylor Scott and White Health, Neuroscience Institute, Neurosurgery, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jason H Huang
- 1Baylor Scott and White Health, Neuroscience Institute, Neurosurgery, Temple, TX, USA.,2Texas A&M University, HSC, College of Medicine, Neurosurgery, Temple, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang M, Yang Z, Wang P, Sun Z. Current application and future directions of photobiomodulation in central nervous diseases. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1177-1185. [PMID: 33269767 PMCID: PMC8224127 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation using light in the red or near-infrared region is an innovative treatment strategy for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions. Photobiomodulation can promote neurogenesis and elicit anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative responses. Its therapeutic effects have been demonstrated in studies on neurological diseases, peripheral nerve injuries, pain relief and wound healing. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of the application of photobiomodulation in patients with central nervous system diseases in February 2019. The NCBI PubMed database, EMBASE database, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect database were searched. We reviewed 95 papers and analyzed. Photobiomodulation has wide applicability in the treatment of stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, and other diseases. Our analysis provides preliminary evidence that PBM is an effective therapeutic tool for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. However, additional studies with adequate sample size are needed to optimize treatment parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muyue Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Johnstone DM, Hamilton C, Gordon LC, Moro C, Torres N, Nicklason F, Stone J, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J. Exploring the Use of Intracranial and Extracranial (Remote) Photobiomodulation Devices in Parkinson's Disease: A Comparison of Direct and Indirect Systemic Stimulations. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1399-1413. [PMID: 33843683 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, photobiomodulation has been shown to be beneficial in animal models of Parkinson's disease, improving locomotive behavior and being neuroprotective. Early observations in people with Parkinson's disease have been positive also, with improvements in the non-motor symptoms of the disease being evident most consistently. Although the precise mechanisms behind these improvements are not clear, two have been proposed: direct stimulation, where light reaches and acts directly on the distressed neurons, and remote stimulation, where light influences cells and/or molecules that provide systemic protection, thereby acting indirectly on distressed neurons. In relation to Parkinson's disease, given that the major zone of pathology lies deep in the brain and that light from an extracranial or external photobiomodulation device would not reach these vulnerable regions, stimulating the distressed neurons directly would require intracranial delivery of light using a device implanted close to the vulnerable regions. For indirect systemic stimulation, photobiomodulation could be applied to either the head and scalp, using a transcranial helmet, or to a more remote body part (e.g., abdomen, leg). In this review, we discuss the evidence for both the direct and indirect neuroprotective effects of photobiomodulation in Parkinson's disease and propose that both types of treatment modality, when working together using both intracranial and extracranial devices, provide the best therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luke C Gordon
- Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Cecile Moro
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Napoleon Torres
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Frank Nicklason
- Department of Anatomy, University of Sydney, Australia.,Geriatric Medicine, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Department of Anatomy, University of Sydney, Australia.,University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prasuhn J, Davis RL, Kumar KR. Targeting Mitochondrial Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:615461. [PMID: 33469539 PMCID: PMC7813753 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.615461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease is complex, but mitochondrial dysfunction has an established and prominent role. This is supported by an already large and rapidly growing body of evidence showing that the role of mitochondrial (dys)function is central and multifaceted. However, there are clear gaps in knowledge, including the dilemma of explaining why inherited mitochondriopathies do not usually present with parkinsonian symptoms. Many aspects of mitochondrial function are potential therapeutic targets, including reactive oxygen species production, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics and trafficking, mitochondrial metal ion homeostasis, sirtuins, and endoplasmic reticulum links with mitochondria. Potential therapeutic strategies may also incorporate exercise, microRNAs, mitochondrial transplantation, stem cell therapies, and photobiomodulation. Despite multiple studies adopting numerous treatment strategies, clinical trials to date have generally failed to show benefit. To overcome this hurdle, more accurate biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction are required to detect subtle beneficial effects. Furthermore, selecting study participants early in the disease course, studying them for suitable durations, and stratifying them according to genetic and neuroimaging findings may increase the likelihood of successful clinical trials. Moreover, treatments involving combined approaches will likely better address the complexity of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Therefore, selecting the right patients, at the right time, and using targeted combination treatments, may offer the best chance for development of an effective novel therapy targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Prasuhn
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ryan L Davis
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kishore R Kumar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu YL, Gong SY, Xia ST, Wang YL, Peng H, Shen Y, Liu CF. Light therapy: a new option for neurodegenerative diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 134:634-645. [PMID: 33507006 PMCID: PMC7990011 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Given the increasing incidence of neurodegenerative disease (ND), recent research efforts have intensified the search for curative treatments. Despite significant research, however, existing therapeutic options for ND can only slow down the progression of the disease, but not provide a cure. Light therapy (LT) has been used to treat some mental and sleep disorders. This review illustrates recent studies of the use of LT in patients with ND and highlights its potential for clinical applications. The literature was collected from PubMed through June 2020. Selected studies were primarily English articles or articles that could be obtained with English abstracts and Chinese main text. Articles were not limited by type. Additional potential publications were also identified from the bibliographies of identified articles and the authors' reference libraries. The identified literature suggests that LT is a safe and convenient physical method of treatment. It may alleviate sleep disorders, depression, cognitive function, and other clinical symptoms. However, some studies have reported limited or no effects. Therefore, LT represents an attractive therapeutic approach for further investigation in ND. LT is an effective physical form of therapy and a new direction for research into treatments for ND. However, it requires further animal experiments to elucidate mechanisms of action and large, double-blind, randomized, and controlled trials to explore true efficacy in patients with ND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Si-Yi Gong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Shu-Ting Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006 China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Department of Neurology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Farombi EO, Awogbindin IO, Owoeye O, Abah VO, Izomoh ER, Ezekiel IO. Kolaviron ameliorates behavioural deficit and injury to striatal dopaminergic terminals via modulation of oxidative burden, DJ-1 depletion and CD45R + cells infiltration in MPTP-model of Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:933-946. [PMID: 32430695 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Currently, the precise pathogenic detail of PD is not entirely clear and first line therapeutics fail to attenuate the progress of the disease. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of kolaviron, a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seed, on behavioural impairment, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in an acute MPTP-induced PD model. Kolaviron mitigated the frequently interrupted MPTP-associated hyperkinesia, inefficient gait, immobility, inability to pay attention to sizable holes on walking path, habitual clockwise rotations characterized with minimal diversion of movements and impaired balance. Also, kolaviron suppressed MPTP-mediated striatal oxidative stress, depletion as well as degeneration of dopaminergic terminals, reduced DJ-1 secretion and upregulated expression of caspase-3. Kolaviron facilitated cytoprotective antioxidant response and prevented MPTP-mediated neuroinflammation by blocking striatal infiltration of peripheral CD45R positive cells. Additionally, kolaviron reversed MPTP-induced inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Together, our study provides evidence that the neuroprotective capacity of kolaviron to modulate striatal degeneration, behavioural impairment, antioxidant/redox imbalance and neuroinflammation implicated in the pathogenesis of PD may involve upregulation of DJ-1 secretion and inhibition of CD45R cells infiltration. Our data recommend kolaviron as a possible neuroprotective strategy in the management of Parkinson's disease and the associated behavioural complications, albeit the identity of MPTP-associated striatal CD45R infiltrate needs to be further characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde Owoeye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Victoria O Abah
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Edirin R Izomoh
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ibukunoluwa O Ezekiel
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Photobiomodulation for Parkinson's Disease in Animal Models: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040610. [PMID: 32326425 PMCID: PMC7225948 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) might be an effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) in human patients. PBM of the brain uses red or near infrared light delivered from a laser or an LED at relatively low power densities, onto the head (or other body parts) to stimulate the brain and prevent degeneration of neurons. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra deep within the brain. PD is a movement disorder that also shows various other symptoms affecting the brain and other organs. Treatment involves dopamine replacement therapy or electrical deep brain stimulation. The present systematic review covers reports describing the use of PBM to treat laboratory animal models of PD, in an attempt to draw conclusions about the best choice of parameters and irradiation techniques. There have already been clinical trials of PBM reported in patients, and more are expected in the coming years. PBM is particularly attractive as it is a non-pharmacological treatment, without any major adverse effects (and very few minor ones).
Collapse
|
15
|
Fasciani I, Petragnano F, Aloisi G, Marampon F, Rossi M, Coppolino MF, Rossi R, Longoni B, Scarselli M, Maggio R. A New Threat to Dopamine Neurons: The Downside of Artificial Light. Neuroscience 2020; 432:216-228. [PMID: 32142863 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing awareness of adverse impacts of artificial light on human health has led to recognize light pollution as a significant global environmental issue. Despite, a large number of studies in rodent and monkey models of Parkinson's disease have reported that near infrared light has neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons, recent findings have shown that prolonged exposure of rodents and birds to fluorescent artificial light results in an increase of neuromelanin granules in substantia nigra and loss of dopaminergic neurons. The observed detrimental effect seems to be dependent on a direct effect of light on the substantia nigra rather than a secondary effect of the alterations of circadian rhythms. Moreover, inferences from animal models to human studies have shown a positive correlation between the prevalence of Parkinson's disease and light pollution. The present article discusses experimental evidence supporting a potentially deleterious impact of light on dopaminergic neurons and highlights the mechanisms whereby light might damage neuronal tissue. Moreover, it analyses epidemiological evidence that suggests light pollution to be an environmental risk factor for Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fasciani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Petragnano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aloisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Rossi
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria Francesca Coppolino
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Ph D Programme in Neuroscience, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Longoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Photobiomodulation Mitigates Cerebrovascular Leakage Induced by the Parkinsonian Neurotoxin MPTP. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100564. [PMID: 31590236 PMCID: PMC6843129 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is commonly used to model Parkinson’s disease (PD) as it specifically damages the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Recent studies in mice have, however, provided evidence that MPTP also compromises the integrity of the brain’s vasculature. Photobiomodulation (PBM), the irradiation of tissue with low-intensity red light, mitigates MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, but whether PBM also mitigates MPTP-induced damage to the cerebrovasculature has not been investigated. This study aimed to characterize the time course of cerebrovascular disruption following MPTP exposure and to determine whether PBM can mitigate this disruption. Young adult male C57BL/6 mice were injected with 80 mg/kg MPTP or isotonic saline and perfused with fluorescein isothiocyanate FITC-labelled albumin at various time points post-injection. By 7 days post-injection, there was substantial and significant leakage of FITC-labelled albumin into both the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc; p < 0.0001) and the caudate-putamen complex (CPu; p ≤ 0.0003); this leakage partly subsided by 14 days post-injection. Mice that were injected with MPTP and treated with daily transcranial PBM (670 nm, 50 mW/cm2, 3 min/day), commencing 24 h after MPTP injection, showed significantly less leakage of FITC-labelled albumin in both the SNc (p < 0.0001) and CPu (p = 0.0003) than sham-treated MPTP mice, with levels of leakage that were not significantly different from saline-injected controls. In summary, this study confirms that MPTP damages the brain’s vasculature, delineates the time course of leakage induced by MPTP out to 14 days post-injection, and provides the first direct evidence that PBM can mitigate this leakage. These findings provide new understanding of the use of the MPTP mouse model as an experimental tool and highlight the potential of PBM as a therapeutic tool for reducing vascular dysfunction in neurological conditions.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fekri A, Jahan A, Moghadam Salimi M, Oskouei AE. Short-term Effects of Transcranial Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation on Motor Performance in Healthy Human Subjects: An Experimental SingleBlind Randomized Clinical Trial. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:317-323. [PMID: 31875125 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Transcranial near-infrared photobiomodulation (NIR-PBM) is a new noninvasive procedure which transcranially applies a near-infrared wavelength to the scalp with a laser or a light-emitting diode (LED) source. Improvement in the neurological or psychological symptoms has been reported following light irradiation. However, to our knowledge, there is no study to investigate the effects of transcranial NIR-PBM on motor performance directly. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of transcranial NIR-PBM on motor performance in healthy human subjects. Methods: In this experimental single-blind randomized clinical trial study, 56 right-handed healthy participants, whose ages ranged from 18 to 30, were randomly assigned to (1) Real transcranial NIR-PBMC3 group (n=14), (2) Sham transcranial NIR-PBMC3 group (n=14), (3) Real transcranial NIR-PBMC4 group (n=14), and (4) Sham transcranial NIR-PBMC4 group (n=14). We applied the 808 nm laser with irradiation energy density of 60 J/cm2 and power density of 200 mw/cm2 to the C3 or C4 points of the scalp. The number of finger taps as an indicator of motor performance was assessed by the finger-tapping test (FTT) before and after irradiation of transcranial NIR-PBM on the corresponding points of the scalp for 5 minutes. Results: The results showed that the number of finger taps in both right and left hands following the use of transcranial NIR-PBM in the real transcranial NIR-PBMC3 group significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that using transcranial NIR-PBM with a laser source on C3 point of the motor cortex in right-handed healthy people can increase the number of finger taps in both hands as an indicator of motor performance improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Fekri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Jahan
- Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghadam Salimi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali E Oskouei
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Parkinson’s disease and light: The bright and the Dark sides. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:290-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
19
|
Hong N. Photobiomodulation as a treatment for neurodegenerative disorders: current and future trends. Biomed Eng Lett 2019; 9:359-366. [PMID: 31456895 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-019-00115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a rapidly growing as an innovative therapeutic modality for various types of diseases in recent years. Neuronal degeneration is irreversible process and it is proven to be difficult to slow down or stop the progression. Pharmacologic approaches to slow neuronal degeneration have been studied, but are limited due to concerns about the side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new therapeutic approach to stabilize neuronal degeneration and achieve neuronal protection against several neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have introduced several previous studies showing the positive effect of PBM over neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and different types of epilepsy. Despite excellent outcomes of animal researches, not many clinical studies are conducted or showed positive outcome of PBM against neurodegenerative disease. To achieve clinical application of PBM against neurodegenerative disorder, determination of exact mechanism and establishment of effective clinical protocol seems to be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namgue Hong
- Department of Pre-medical Science, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ganeshan V, Skladnev NV, Kim JY, Mitrofanis J, Stone J, Johnstone DM. Pre-conditioning with Remote Photobiomodulation Modulates the Brain Transcriptome and Protects Against MPTP Insult in Mice. Neuroscience 2019; 400:85-97. [PMID: 30625333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM), which involves the application of low-intensity red to near-infrared light (600-1100 nm) to the head, provides neuroprotection in animal models of various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the absorption of light energy by the human scalp and skull may limit the utility of transcranial PBM in clinical contexts. We have previously shown that targeting light at peripheral tissues (i.e. "remote PBM") also provides protection of the brain in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease, suggesting remote PBM might be a viable alternative strategy for overcoming penetration issues associated with transcranial PBM. This present study aimed to determine an effective pre-conditioning regimen of remote PBM for inducing neuroprotection and elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which remote PBM enhances the resilience of brain tissue. Balb/c mice were irradiated with 670-nm light (4 J/cm2 per day) targeting dorsum and hindlimbs for 2, 5 or 10 days, followed by injection of the parkinsonian neurotoxin MPTP (50 mg/kg) over two consecutive days. Despite no direct irradiation of the head, 10 days of pre-conditioning with remote PBM significantly attenuated MPTP-induced loss of midbrain tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic cells and mitigated the increase in FOS-positive neurons in the caudate-putamen complex. Interrogation of the midbrain transcriptome by RNA microarray and pathway enrichment analysis suggested upregulation of cell signaling and migration (including CXCR4+ stem cell and adipocytokine signaling), oxidative stress response pathways and modulation of the blood-brain barrier following remote PBM. These findings establish remote PBM preconditioning as a viable neuroprotective intervention and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varshika Ganeshan
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas V Skladnev
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6601-6636. [PMID: 29327206 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using red to near-infrared (NIR) light is an innovative treatment for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions. Red/NIR light is able to stimulate complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (cytochrome c oxidase) and increase ATP synthesis. Moreover, light absorption by ion channels results in release of Ca2+ and leads to activation of transcription factors and gene expression. Brain PBM therapy enhances the metabolic capacity of neurons and stimulates anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant responses, as well as neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Its therapeutic role in disorders such as dementia and Parkinson's disease, as well as to treat stroke, brain trauma, and depression has gained increasing interest. In the transcranial PBM approach, delivering a sufficient dose to achieve optimal stimulation is challenging due to exponential attenuation of light penetration in tissue. Alternative approaches such as intracranial and intranasal light delivery methods have been suggested to overcome this limitation. This article reviews the state-of-the-art preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of brain PBM therapy.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee HI, Lee SW, Kim NG, Park KJ, Choi BT, Shin YI, Shin HK. Low-level light emitting diode (LED) therapy suppresses inflammasome-mediated brain damage in experimental ischemic stroke. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1502-1513. [PMID: 28164443 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Use of photostimulation including low-level light emitting diode (LED) therapy has broadened greatly in recent years because it is compact, portable, and easy to use. Here, the effects of photostimulation by LED (610 nm) therapy on ischemic brain damage was investigated in mice in which treatment started after a stroke in a clinically relevant setting. The mice underwent LED therapy (20 min) twice a day for 3 days, commencing at 4 hours post-ischemia. LED therapy group generated a significantly smaller infarct size and improvements in neurological function based on neurologic test score. LED therapy profoundly reduced neuroinflammatory responses including neutrophil infiltration and microglia activation in the ischemic cortex. LED therapy also decreased cell death and attenuated the NLRP3 inflammasome, in accordance with down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in the ischemic brain. Moreover, the mice with post-ischemic LED therapy showed suppressed TLR-2 levels, MAPK signaling and NF-kB activation. These findings suggest that by suppressing the inflammasome, LED therapy can attenuate neuroinflammatory responses and tissue damage following ischemic stroke. Therapeutic interventions targeting the inflammasome via photostimulation with LED may be a novel approach to ameliorate brain injury following ischemic stroke. Effect of post-ischemic low-level light emitting diode therapy (LED-T) on infarct reduction was mediated by inflammasome suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae In Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Won Lee
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gyun Kim
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven, Seoul 137-867, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jun Park
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven, Seoul 137-867, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Torres N, Molet J, Moro C, Mitrofanis J, Benabid AL. Neuroprotective Surgical Strategies in Parkinson's Disease: Role of Preclinical Data. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102190. [PMID: 29053638 PMCID: PMC5666871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there have been many pharmacological agents considered to be neuroprotective therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, neurosurgical approaches aimed to neuroprotect or restore the degenerative nigrostriatal system have rarely been the focus of in depth reviews. Here, we explore the neuroprotective strategies involving invasive surgical approaches (NSI) using neurotoxic models 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which have led to clinical trials. We focus on several NSI approaches, namely deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, glial neurotrophic derived factor (GDNF) administration and cell grafting methods. Although most of these interventions have produced positive results in preclinical animal models, either from behavioral or histological studies, they have generally failed to pass randomized clinical trials to validate each approach. We argue that NSI are promising approaches for neurorestoration in PD, but preclinical studies should be planned carefully in order not only to detect benefits but also to detect potential adverse effects. Further, clinical trials should be designed to be able to detect and disentangle neuroprotection from symptomatic effects. In summary, our review study evaluates the pertinence of preclinical models to study NSI for PD and how this affects their efficacy when translated into clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Napoleon Torres
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Jenny Molet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Cecile Moro
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Department of Anatomy, University of Sydney; Sydney Medical School, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Alim Louis Benabid
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Remote tissue conditioning - An emerging approach for inducing body-wide protection against diseases of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 37:69-78. [PMID: 28552720 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have long accepted that exercise is 'good for us'; that - put more rigorously - moderate exercise is associated with not just aerobic fitness but also reduced morbidity and reduced mortality from cardiovascular disease and even malignancies. Caloric restriction (moderate hunger) and our exposure to dietary phytochemicals are also emerging as stresses which are 'good for us' in the same sense. This review focuses on an important extension of this concept: that stress localized within the body (e.g. in a limb) can induce resilience in tissues throughout the body. We describe evidence for the efficacy of two 'remote' protective interventions - remote ischemic conditioning and remote photobiomodulation - and discuss the mechanisms underlying their protective actions. While the biological phenomenon of remote tissue conditioning is only partially understood, it holds promise for protecting critical-to-life tissues while mitigating risks and practical barriers to direct conditioning of these tissues.
Collapse
|
25
|
Núñez-Álvarez C, Del Olmo-Aguado S, Merayo-Lloves J, Osborne NN. Near infra-red light attenuates corneal endothelial cell dysfunction in situ and in vitro. Exp Eye Res 2017; 161:106-115. [PMID: 28619506 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study mechanical damage to the corneal endothelium was induced by elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP, 140 mmHg, 60 min) to one eye of rats, delivered either in complete darkness or in the presence of red light (16.5 W/m2, 3000 lx, 625-635 nm). IOP raised in the dark revealed the endothelium to be damaged as staining for the gap junction protein ZO-1 was irregular in appearance with some cells displaced in position or lost to leave gaps or holes. This damage was clearly attenuated when red light was focused through the pupil during the insult of raised IOP. Moreover, staining of endothelium with JC-1 dye showed mitochondria to be activated by both elevated IOP and red light but the activation of mitochondria persisted longer for red light. We interpret this finding to suggest that raised IOP causes apoptosis of endothelial cells and that their mitochondria are activated in the initial stages of the process. In contrast, red light activates mitochondria to induce a protective mechanism to counteract the negative influence of raised IOP on endothelial cells. Evidence is provided to support this notion by the finding that red light stimulates mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase IV (COX IV). Moreover, mitochondria in corneal endothelial cell cultures are activated by red light, revealed by staining with JC-1, that results in an increased rate of proliferation and are also able to counteract toxic insults (sodium azide or cobalt chloride) to the cultures. The present studies therefore show that a non-toxic level of red light attenuates damage to the corneal endothelium both in situ and in vitro through action on COX IV located in mitochondria that results in an enhancement of a cell's survival mechanisms. The study provides proof of principle for the non-invasive use of red-light therapy to attenuate any dysfunctions associated with the corneal endothelium and so preserve maximum visual acuity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Núñez-Álvarez
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Avda. Doctores Fernández-Vega 34, E-33012 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Susana Del Olmo-Aguado
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Avda. Doctores Fernández-Vega 34, E-33012 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Avda. Doctores Fernández-Vega 34, E-33012 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Neville N Osborne
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Avda. Doctores Fernández-Vega 34, E-33012 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Reinhart F, Massri NE, Torres N, Chabrol C, Molet J, Johnstone DM, Stone J, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J, Moro C. The behavioural and neuroprotective outcomes when 670 nm and 810 nm near infrared light are applied together in MPTP-treated mice. Neurosci Res 2017; 117:42-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
27
|
El Massri N, Lemgruber AP, Rowe IJ, Moro C, Torres N, Reinhart F, Chabrol C, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J. Photobiomodulation-induced changes in a monkey model of Parkinson’s disease: changes in tyrosine hydroxylase cells and GDNF expression in the striatum. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:1861-1874. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Romeo S, Vitale F, Viaggi C, di Marco S, Aloisi G, Fasciani I, Pardini C, Pietrantoni I, Di Paolo M, Riccitelli S, Maccarone R, Mattei C, Capannolo M, Rossi M, Capozzo A, Corsini GU, Scarnati E, Lozzi L, Vaglini F, Maggio R. Fluorescent light induces neurodegeneration in the rodent nigrostriatal system but near infrared LED light does not. Brain Res 2017; 1662:87-101. [PMID: 28263713 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of continuous artificial light exposure on the mouse substantia nigra (SN). A three month exposure of C57Bl/6J mice to white fluorescent light induced a 30% reduction in dopamine (DA) neurons in SN compared to controls, accompanied by a decrease of DA and its metabolites in the striatum. After six months of exposure, neurodegeneration progressed slightly, but the level of DA returned to the basal level, while the metabolites increased with respect to the control. Three month exposure to near infrared LED light (∼710nm) did not alter DA neurons in SN, nor did it decrease DA and its metabolites in the striatum. Furthermore mesencephalic cell viability, as tested by [3H]DA uptake, did not change. Finally, we observed that 710nm LED light, locally conveyed in the rat SN, could modulate the firing activity of extracellular-recorded DA neurons. These data suggest that light can be detrimental or beneficial to DA neurons in SN, depending on the source and wavelength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Romeo
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Flora Vitale
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Cristina Viaggi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano di Marco
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aloisi
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Irene Fasciani
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carla Pardini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pietrantoni
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mattia Di Paolo
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Serena Riccitelli
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudia Mattei
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marta Capannolo
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mario Rossi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MA 20892, United States
| | - Annamaria Capozzo
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni U Corsini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scarnati
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Lozzi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Vaglini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Beneficial Effects of Transcranial Light Emitting Diode (LED) Therapy on Attentional Performance: An Experimental Design. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.44513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low level laser therapy (tLLLT) relies on the use of red/NIR light to stimulate, preserve and regenerate cells and tissues. The mechanism of action involves photon absorption in the mitochondria (cytochrome c oxidase), and ion channels in cells leading to activation of signaling pathways, up-regulation of transcription factors, and increased expression of protective genes. We have studied PBM for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice using a NIR laser spot delivered to the head. Mice had improved memory and learning, increased neuroprogenitor cells in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone, increased BDNF and more synaptogenesis in the cortex. These highly beneficial effects on the brain suggest that the applications of tLLLT are much broader than at first conceived. Other groups have studied stroke (animal models and clinical trials), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and cognitive enhancement in healthy subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee HI, Park JH, Park MY, Kim NG, Park KJ, Choi BT, Shin YI, Shin HK. Pre-conditioning with transcranial low-level light therapy reduces neuroinflammation and protects blood-brain barrier after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 34:201-14. [PMID: 26889965 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcranial low-level light therapy (LLLT) has gained interest as a non-invasive, inexpensive and safe method of modulating neurological and psychological functions in recent years. This study was designed to examine the preventive effects of LLLT via visible light source against cerebral ischemia at the behavioral, structural and neurochemical levels. METHODS The mice received LLLT twice a day for 2 days prior to photothrombotic cortical ischemia. RESULTS LLLT significantly reduced infarct size and edema and improved neurological and motor function 24 h after ischemic injury. In addition, LLLT markedly inhibited Iba-1- and GFAP-positive cells, which was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of inflammatory mediators and inhibition of MAPK activation and NF-κB translocation in the ischemic cortex. Concomitantly, LLLT significantly attenuated leukocyte accumulation and infiltration into the infarct perifocal region. LLLT also prevented BBB disruption after ischemic events, as indicated by a reduction of Evans blue leakage and water content. These findings were corroborated by immunofluorescence staining of the tight junction-related proteins in the ischemic cortex in response to LLLT. CONCLUSIONS Non-invasive intervention of LLLT in ischemic brain injury may provide a significant functional benefit with an underlying mechanism possibly being suppression of neuroinflammation and reduction of BBB disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae In Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gyun Kim
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jun Park
- Medical Research Center of Color Seven, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ii Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National UniversityYangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Skladnev NV, Ganeshan V, Kim JY, Burton TJ, Mitrofanis J, Stone J, Johnstone DM. Widespread brain transcriptome alterations underlie the neuroprotective actions of dietary saffron. J Neurochem 2016; 139:858-871. [PMID: 27696408 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary saffron has shown promise as a neuroprotective intervention in clinical trials of retinal degeneration and dementia and in animal models of multiple CNS disorders, including Parkinson's disease. This therapeutic potential makes it important to define the relationship between dose and protection and the mechanisms involved. To explore these two issues, mice were pre-conditioned by providing an aqueous extract of saffron (0.01% w/v) as their drinking water for 2, 5 or 10 days before administration of the parkinsonian neurotoxin MPTP (50 mg/kg). Five days of saffron pre-conditioning provided the greatest benefit against MPTP-induced neuropathology, significantly mitigating both loss of functional dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (p < 0.01) and abnormal neuronal activity in the caudate-putamen complex (p < 0.0001). RNA microarray analysis of the brain transcriptome of mice pre-conditioned with saffron for 5 days revealed differential expression of 424 genes. Bioinformatics analysis identified enrichment of molecular pathways (e.g. adherens junction, TNFR1 and Fas signaling) and expression changes in candidate genes (Cyr61, Gpx8, Ndufs4, and Nos1ap) with known neuroprotective actions. The apparent biphasic nature of the dose-response relationship between saffron and measures of neuroprotection, together with the stress-inducible nature of many of the up-regulated genes and pathways, lend credence to the idea that saffron, like various other phytochemicals, is a hormetic stimulus, with functions beyond its strong antioxidant capacity. These findings provide impetus for a more comprehensive evaluation of saffron as a neuroprotective intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas V Skladnev
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Varshika Ganeshan
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Thomas J Burton
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Near-infrared light (670 nm) reduces MPTP-induced parkinsonism within a broad therapeutic time window. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:1787-1794. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
34
|
Johnstone DM, Moro C, Stone J, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J. Turning On Lights to Stop Neurodegeneration: The Potential of Near Infrared Light Therapy in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 9:500. [PMID: 26793049 PMCID: PMC4707222 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are the two most common neurodegenerative disorders. They develop after a progressive death of many neurons in the brain. Although therapies are available to treat the signs and symptoms of both diseases, the progression of neuronal death remains relentless, and it has proved difficult to slow or stop. Hence, there is a need to develop neuroprotective or disease-modifying treatments that stabilize this degeneration. Red to infrared light therapy (λ = 600-1070 nm), and in particular light in the near infrared (NIr) range, is emerging as a safe and effective therapy that is capable of arresting neuronal death. Previous studies have used NIr to treat tissue stressed by hypoxia, toxic insult, genetic mutation and mitochondrial dysfunction with much success. Here we propose NIr therapy as a neuroprotective or disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Moro
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus Grenoble, France
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Department of Physiology, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus Grenoble, France
| | - John Mitrofanis
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Darlot F, Moro C, El Massri N, Chabrol C, Johnstone DM, Reinhart F, Agay D, Torres N, Bekha D, Auboiroux V, Costecalde T, Peoples CL, Anastascio HDT, Shaw VE, Stone J, Mitrofanis J, Benabid AL. Near-infrared light is neuroprotective in a monkey model of Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 2015; 79:59-75. [PMID: 26456231 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether near-infrared light (NIr) treatment reduces clinical signs and/or offers neuroprotection in a subacute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkey model of Parkinson disease. METHODS We implanted an optical fiber device that delivered NIr (670 nm) to the midbrain of macaque monkeys, close to the substantia nigra of both sides. MPTP injections (1.5-2.1mg/kg) were made over a 5- to 7-day period, during which time the NIr device was turned on. This was then followed by a 3-week survival period. Monkeys were evaluated clinically (eg, posture, bradykinesia) and behaviorally (open field test), and their brains were processed for immunohistochemistry and stereology. RESULTS All monkeys in the MPTP group developed severe clinical and behavioral impairment (mean clinical scores = 21-34; n = 11). By contrast, the MPTP-NIr group developed much less clinical and behavioral impairment (n = 9); some monkeys developed moderate clinical signs (mean scores = 11-15; n = 3), whereas the majority--quite remarkably--developed few clinical signs (mean scores = 1-6; n = 6). The monkeys that developed moderate clinical signs had hematic fluid in their optical fibers at postmortem, presumably limiting NIr exposure and overall clinical improvement. NIr was not toxic to brain tissue and offered neuroprotection to dopaminergic cells and their terminations against MPTP insult, particularly in animals that developed few clinical signs. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate NIr to be an effective therapeutic agent in a primate model of the disease and create the template for translation into clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fannie Darlot
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Moro
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Nabil El Massri
- Departments of Anatomy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claude Chabrol
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Departments of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Florian Reinhart
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Diane Agay
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Napoleon Torres
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Dhaïf Bekha
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Auboiroux
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Costecalde
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Cassandra L Peoples
- Departments of Anatomy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Victoria E Shaw
- Departments of Anatomy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Departments of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Departments of Anatomy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Reinhart F, Massri NE, Chabrol C, Cretallaz C, Johnstone DM, Torres N, Darlot F, Costecalde T, Stone J, Mitrofanis J, Benabid AL, Moro C. Intracranial application of near-infrared light in a hemi-parkinsonian rat model: the impact on behavior and cell survival. J Neurosurg 2015; 124:1829-41. [PMID: 26613166 DOI: 10.3171/2015.5.jns15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT The authors of this study used a newly developed intracranial optical fiber device to deliver near-infrared light (NIr) to the midbrain of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats, a model of Parkinson's disease. The authors explored whether NIr had any impact on apomorphine-induced turning behavior and whether it was neuroprotective. METHODS Two NIr powers (333 nW and 0.16 mW), modes of delivery (pulse and continuous), and total doses (634 mJ and 304 J) were tested, together with the feasibility of a midbrain implant site, one considered for later use in primates. Following a striatal 6-OHDA injection, the NIr optical fiber device was implanted surgically into the midline midbrain area of Wistar rats. Animals were tested for apomorphine-induced rotations, and then, 23 days later, their brains were aldehyde fixed for routine immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The results showed that there was no evidence of tissue toxicity by NIr in the midbrain. After 6-OHDA lesion, regardless of mode of delivery or total dose, NIr reduced apomorphine-induced rotations at the stronger, but not at the weaker, power. The authors found that neuroprotection, as assessed by tyrosine hydroxylase expression in midbrain dopaminergic cells, could account for some, but not all, of the observed behavioral improvements; the groups that were associated with fewer rotations did not all necessarily have a greater number of surviving cells. There may have been other "symptomatic" elements contributing to behavioral improvements in these rats. CONCLUSIONS In summary, when delivered at the appropriate power, delivery mode, and dosage, NIr treatment provided both improved behavior and neuroprotection in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reinhart
- CEA, Leti, and Clinatec Departments, University Grenoble Alpes, Minatec Campus, Grenoble, France; and
| | | | - Claude Chabrol
- CEA, Leti, and Clinatec Departments, University Grenoble Alpes, Minatec Campus, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Celine Cretallaz
- CEA, Leti, and Clinatec Departments, University Grenoble Alpes, Minatec Campus, Grenoble, France; and
| | | | - Napoleon Torres
- CEA, Leti, and Clinatec Departments, University Grenoble Alpes, Minatec Campus, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Fannie Darlot
- CEA, Leti, and Clinatec Departments, University Grenoble Alpes, Minatec Campus, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Thomas Costecalde
- CEA, Leti, and Clinatec Departments, University Grenoble Alpes, Minatec Campus, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Physiology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- CEA, Leti, and Clinatec Departments, University Grenoble Alpes, Minatec Campus, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Cécile Moro
- CEA, Leti, and Clinatec Departments, University Grenoble Alpes, Minatec Campus, Grenoble, France; and
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pitzschke A, Lovisa B, Seydoux O, Zellweger M, Pfleiderer M, Tardy Y, Wagnières G. Red and NIR light dosimetry in the human deep brain. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:2921-37. [PMID: 25789711 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/7/2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) appears promising to treat the hallmarks of Parkinson's Disease (PD) in cellular or animal models. We measured light propagation in different areas of PD-relevant deep brain tissue during transcranial, transsphenoidal illumination (at 671 and 808 nm) of a cadaver head and modeled optical parameters of human brain tissue using Monte-Carlo simulations. Gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, ventricles, thalamus, pons, cerebellum and skull bone were processed into a mesh of the skull (158 × 201 × 211 voxels; voxel side length: 1 mm). Optical parameters were optimized from simulated and measured fluence rate distributions. The estimated μeff for the different tissues was in all cases larger at 671 than at 808 nm, making latter a better choice for light delivery in the deep brain. Absolute values were comparable to those found in the literature or slightly smaller. The effective attenuation in the ventricles was considerably larger than literature values. Optimization yields a new set of optical parameters better reproducing the experimental data. A combination of PBM via the sphenoid sinus and oral cavity could be beneficial. A 20-fold higher efficiency of light delivery to the deep brain was achieved with ventricular instead of transcranial illumination. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to illuminate deep brain tissues transcranially, transsphenoidally and via different application routes. This opens therapeutic options for sufferers of PD or other cerebral diseases necessitating light therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pitzschke
- Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang L, Tung VWK, Mathews M, Camp AJ. Near infrared (NIr) light increases expression of a marker of mitochondrial function in the mouse vestibular sensory epithelium. J Vis Exp 2015:52265. [PMID: 25868009 PMCID: PMC4401252 DOI: 10.3791/52265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies for attenuating decline in balance function with increasing age are predominantly focused on physical therapies including balance tasks and exercise. However, these approaches do not address the underlying causes of balance decline. Using mice, the impact of near infrared light (NIr) on the metabolism of cells in the vestibular sensory epithelium was assessed. Data collected shows that this simple and safe intervention may protect these vulnerable cells from the deleterious effects of natural aging. mRNA was extracted from the isolated peripheral vestibular sensory epithelium (crista ampullaris and utricular macula) and subsequently transcribed into a cDNA library. This library was then probed for the expression of ubiquitous antioxidant (SOD-1). Antioxidant gene expression was then used to quantify cellular metabolism. Using transcranial delivery of NIr in young (4 weeks) and older (8-9 months) mice, and a brief treatment regime (90 sec/day for 5 days), this work suggests NIr alone may be sufficient to improve mitochondrial function in the vestibular sensory epithelium. Since there are currently no available, affordable, non-invasive methods of therapy to improve vestibular hair cell function, the application of external NIr radiation provides a potential strategy to counteract the impact of aging on cellular metabolism inthe vestibular sensory epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Zhang
- Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney
| | | | | | - Aaron J Camp
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, University of Sydney;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Near infrared light mitigates cerebellar pathology in transgenic mouse models of dementia. Neurosci Lett 2015; 591:155-159. [PMID: 25703226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that Alzheimer-related pathology in cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 and K3 tau transgenic mouse strains is mitigated by near infrared light (NIr). Here, we extend these observations to the cerebellum. One month of NIr treatment mitigated the deposition of β-amyloid in cerebellar cortex of APP/PS1 mice, and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, the hyperphosphorylation of tau, the damage caused by oxidative stress and the downregulation of cytochrome oxidase expression by Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex of K3 mice. These findings show the ability of NIr to mitigate degeneration in many - probably all - regions of the mouse brain.
Collapse
|
40
|
El Massri N, Johnstone DM, Peoples CL, Moro C, Reinhart F, Torres N, Stone J, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J. The effect of different doses of near infrared light on dopaminergic cell survival and gliosis in MPTP-treated mice. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:76-87. [PMID: 25469453 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.994063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have used the MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) mouse model to explore whether (i) the neuroprotective effect of near infrared light (NIr) treatment in the SNc is dose-dependent and (ii) the relationship between tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ terminal density and glial cells in the caudate-putamen complex (CPu). Mice received MPTP injections (50 mg/kg) and 2 J/cm2 NIr dose with either 2 d or 7 d survival period. In another series, with a longer 14 d survival period, mice had a stronger MPTP regime (100 mg/kg) and either 2 J/cm2 or 4 J/cm2 NIr dose. Brains were processed for routine immunohistochemistry and cell counts were made using stereology. Our findings were that in the 2 d series, no change in SNc TH+ cell number was evident after any treatment. In the 7 d series however, MPTP insult resulted in ∼45% reduction in TH+ cell number; after NIr (2 J/cm2) treatment, many cells were protected from the toxic insult. In the 14 d series, MPTP induced a similar reduction in TH+ cell number. NIr mitigated the loss of TH+ cells, but only at the higher dose of 4 J/cm2; the lower dose of 2 J/cm2 had no neuroprotective effect in this series. The higher dose of NIr, unlike the lower dose, also mitigated the MPTP- induced increase in CPu astrocytes after 14 d; these changes were independent of TH+ terminal density, of which, did not vary across the different experimental groups. In summary, we showed that neuroprotection by NIr irradiation in MPTP-treated mice was dose-dependent; with increasing MPTP toxicity, higher doses of NIr were required to protect cells and reduce astrogliosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil El Massri
- a Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Cécile Moro
- c University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Florian Reinhart
- c University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Napoleon Torres
- c University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Jonathan Stone
- b Department of Physiology F13, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- c University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - John Mitrofanis
- a Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reinhart F, Massri NE, Darlot F, Torres N, Johnstone DM, Chabrol C, Costecalde T, Stone J, Mitrofanis J, Benabid AL, Moro C. 810nm near-infrared light offers neuroprotection and improves locomotor activity in MPTP-treated mice. Neurosci Res 2014; 92:86-90. [PMID: 25462595 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We explored whether 810nm near-infrared light (NIr) offered neuroprotection and/or improvement in locomotor activity in an acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Mice received MPTP and 810nm NIr treatments, or not, and were tested for locomotive activity in an open-field test. Thereafter, brains were aldehyde-fixed and processed for tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that MPTP-treated mice that were irradiated with 810nm NIr had both greater locomotor activity (∼40%) and number of dopaminergic cells (∼20%) than those that were not. In summary, 810nm (as with 670nm) NIr offered neuroprotection and improved locomotor activity in MPTP-treated mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reinhart
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| | - Nabil El Massri
- Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Fannie Darlot
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| | - Napoleon Torres
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Department of Physiology F13, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Claude Chabrol
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| | - Thomas Costecalde
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Department of Physiology F13, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| | - Cécile Moro
- CLINATEC, EJ Safra Centre, CEA, LETI, University of Grenoble, Alpes F38000, France.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Johnstone DM, el Massri N, Moro C, Spana S, Wang XS, Torres N, Chabrol C, De Jaeger X, Reinhart F, Purushothuman S, Benabid AL, Stone J, Mitrofanis J. Indirect application of near infrared light induces neuroprotection in a mouse model of parkinsonism - an abscopal neuroprotective effect. Neuroscience 2014; 274:93-101. [PMID: 24857852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown near infrared light (NIr), directed transcranially, mitigates the loss of dopaminergic cells in MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-treated mice, a model of parkinsonism. These findings complement others suggesting NIr treatment protects against damage from various insults. However one puzzling feature of NIr treatment is that unilateral exposure can lead to a bilateral healing response, suggesting NIr may have 'indirect' protective effects. We investigated whether remote NIr treatment is neuroprotective by administering different MPTP doses (50-, 75-, 100-mg/kg) to mice and treating with 670-nm light directed specifically at either the head or body. Our results show that, despite no direct irradiation of the damaged tissue, remote NIr treatment produces a significant rescue of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta at the milder MPTP dose of 50-mg/kg (∼30% increase vs sham-treated MPTP mice, p<0.05). However this protection did not appear as robust as that achieved by direct irradiation of the head (∼50% increase vs sham-treated MPTP mice, p<0.001). There was no quantifiable protective effect of NIr at higher MPTP doses, irrespective of the delivery mode. Astrocyte and microglia cell numbers in substantia nigra pars compacta were not influenced by either mode of NIr treatment. In summary, the findings suggest that treatment of a remote tissue with NIr is sufficient to induce protection of the brain, reminiscent of the 'abscopal effect' sometimes observed in radiation treatment of metastatic cancer. This discovery has implications for the clinical translation of light-based therapies, providing an improved mode of delivery over transcranial irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Johnstone
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - N el Massri
- Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - C Moro
- CEA, LETI, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - S Spana
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - X S Wang
- Bosch Mass Spectrometry Facility, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - N Torres
- CEA, LETI, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - S Purushothuman
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - J Stone
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - J Mitrofanis
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, University of Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gonzalez-Lima F, Barksdale BR, Rojas JC. Mitochondrial respiration as a target for neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:584-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
44
|
Moro C, Massri NE, Torres N, Ratel D, De Jaeger X, Chabrol C, Perraut F, Bourgerette A, Berger M, Purushothuman S, Johnstone D, Stone J, Mitrofanis J, Benabid AL. Photobiomodulation inside the brain: a novel method of applying near-infrared light intracranially and its impact on dopaminergic cell survival in MPTP-treated mice. J Neurosurg 2014; 120:670-83. [DOI: 10.3171/2013.9.jns13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
Previous experimental studies have documented the neuroprotection of damaged or diseased cells after applying, from outside the brain, near-infrared light (NIr) to the brain by using external light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or laser devices. In the present study, the authors describe an effective and reliable surgical method of applying to the brain, from inside the brain, NIr to the brain. They developed a novel internal surgical device that delivers the NIr to brain regions very close to target damaged or diseased cells. They suggest that this device will be useful in applying NIr within the large human brain, particularly if the target cells have a very deep location.
Methods
An optical fiber linked to an LED or laser device was surgically implanted into the lateral ventricle of BALB/c mice or Sprague-Dawley rats. The authors explored the feasibility of the internal device, measured the NIr signal through living tissue, looked for evidence of toxicity at doses higher than those required for neuroprotection, and confirmed the neuroprotective effect of NIr on dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in an acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinson disease in mice.
Results
The device was stable in freely moving animals, and the NIr filled the cranial cavity. Measurements showed that the NIr intensity declined as distance from the source increased across the brain (65% per mm) but was detectable up to 10 mm away. At neuroprotective (0.16 mW) and much higher (67 mW) intensities, the NIr caused no observable behavioral deficits, nor was there evidence of tissue necrosis at the fiber tip, where radiation was most intense. Finally, the intracranially delivered NIr protected SNc cells against MPTP insult; there were consistently more dopaminergic cells in MPTP-treated mice irradiated with NIr than in those that were not irradiated.
Conclusions
In summary, the authors showed that NIr can be applied intracranially, does not have toxic side effects, and is neuroprotective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan Stone
- 3Physiology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Purushothuman S, Johnstone DM, Nandasena C, Mitrofanis J, Stone J. Photobiomodulation with near infrared light mitigates Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in cerebral cortex - evidence from two transgenic mouse models. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2014; 6:2. [PMID: 24387311 PMCID: PMC3978916 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous work has demonstrated the efficacy of irradiating tissue with red to infrared light in mitigating cerebral pathology and degeneration in animal models of stroke, traumatic brain injury, parkinsonism and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using mouse models, we explored the neuroprotective effect of near infrared light (NIr) treatment, delivered at an age when substantial pathology is already present in the cerebral cortex. METHODS We studied two mouse models with AD-related pathologies: the K369I tau transgenic model (K3), engineered to develop neurofibrillary tangles, and the APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic model (APP/PS1), engineered to develop amyloid plaques. Mice were treated with NIr 20 times over a four-week period and histochemistry was used to quantify AD-related pathological hallmarks and other markers of cell damage in the neocortex and hippocampus. RESULTS In the K3 mice, NIr treatment was associated with a reduction in hyperphosphorylated tau, neurofibrillary tangles and oxidative stress markers (4-hydroxynonenal and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) to near wildtype levels in the neocortex and hippocampus, and with a restoration of expression of the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase in surviving neurons. In the APP/PS1 mice, NIr treatment was associated with a reduction in the size and number of amyloid-β plaques in the neocortex and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Our results, in two transgenic mouse models, suggest that NIr may have potential as an effective, minimally-invasive intervention for mitigating, and even reversing, progressive cerebral degenerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraman Purushothuman
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia ; Discipline of Physiology, Anderson Stuart Building F13, University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia ; Discipline of Physiology, Anderson Stuart Building F13, University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Charith Nandasena
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia ; Discipline of Physiology, Anderson Stuart Building F13, University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia ; Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, Anderson Stuart Building F13, University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia ; Discipline of Physiology, Anderson Stuart Building F13, University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vos M, Lovisa B, Geens A, Morais VA, Wagnières G, van den Bergh H, Ginggen A, De Strooper B, Tardy Y, Verstreken P. Near-infrared 808 nm light boosts complex IV-dependent respiration and rescues a Parkinson-related pink1 model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78562. [PMID: 24244323 PMCID: PMC3823844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) defects are observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and in PD fly- and mouse-models; however it remains to be tested if acute improvement of ETC function alleviates PD-relevant defects. We tested the hypothesis that 808 nm infrared light that effectively penetrates tissues rescues pink1 mutants. We show that irradiating isolated fly or mouse mitochondria with 808 nm light that is absorbed by ETC-Complex IV acutely improves Complex IV-dependent oxygen consumption and ATP production, a feature that is wavelength-specific. Irradiating Drosophila pink1 mutants using a single dose of 808 nm light results in a rescue of major systemic and mitochondrial defects. Time-course experiments indicate mitochondrial membrane potential defects are rescued prior to mitochondrial morphological defects, also in dopaminergic neurons, suggesting mitochondrial functional defects precede mitochondrial swelling. Thus, our data indicate that improvement of mitochondrial function using infrared light stimulation is a viable strategy to alleviate pink1-related defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Vos
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Blaise Lovisa
- Medos International Sàrl, Le Locle, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Medical Photonics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ann Geens
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanessa A. Morais
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Georges Wagnières
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Medical Photonics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hubert van den Bergh
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Medical Photonics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alec Ginggen
- Corporate Office of Science & Technology, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yanik Tardy
- Medos International Sàrl, Le Locle, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Purushothuman S, Nandasena C, Johnstone DM, Stone J, Mitrofanis J. The impact of near-infrared light on dopaminergic cell survival in a transgenic mouse model of parkinsonism. Brain Res 2013; 1535:61-70. [PMID: 23998985 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have examined whether near-infrared light (NIr) treatment mitigates oxidative stress and increased expression of hyperphosphorylated tau in a tau transgenic mouse strain (K3) that has a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The brains of wild-type (WT), untreated K3 and NIr-treated K3 mice, aged five months (thus after the onset of parkinsonian signs and neuropathology), were labelled immunohistochemically for the oxidative stress markers 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), hyperphosphorylated tau (using the AT8 antibody) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The average intensity and area of 4-HNE, 8-OHDG and AT8 immunoreactivity were measured using the MetaMorph software and TH⁺ cell number was estimated using stereology. Our results showed immunoreactivity for 4-HNE, 8-OHDG and AT8 within the SNc was increased in K3 mice compared to WT, and that this increase was mitigated by NIr. Results further showed that TH⁺ cell number was lower in K3 mice than in WT, and that this loss was mitigated by NIr. In summary, NIr treatment reduced the oxidative stress caused by the tau transgene in the SNc of K3 mice and saved SNc cells from degeneration. Our results, when taken together with those in other models, strengthen the notion that NIr treatment saves dopaminergic cells in the parkinsonian condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraman Purushothuman
- Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia; Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Neurological and psychological applications of transcranial lasers and LEDs. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:447-57. [PMID: 23806754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial brain stimulation with low-level light/laser therapy (LLLT) is the use of directional low-power and high-fluency monochromatic or quasimonochromatic light from lasers or LEDs in the red-to-near-infrared wavelengths to modulate a neurobiological function or induce a neurotherapeutic effect in a nondestructive and non-thermal manner. The mechanism of action of LLLT is based on photon energy absorption by cytochrome oxidase, the terminal enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Cytochrome oxidase has a key role in neuronal physiology, as it serves as an interface between oxidative energy metabolism and cell survival signaling pathways. Cytochrome oxidase is an ideal target for cognitive enhancement, as its expression reflects the changes in metabolic capacity underlying higher-order brain functions. This review provides an update on new findings on the neurotherapeutic applications of LLLT. The photochemical mechanisms supporting its cognitive-enhancing and brain-stimulatory effects in animal models and humans are discussed. LLLT is a potential non-invasive treatment for cognitive impairment and other deficits associated with chronic neurological conditions, such as large vessel and lacunar hypoperfusion or neurodegeneration. Brain photobiomodulation with LLLT is paralleled by pharmacological effects of low-dose USP methylene blue, a non-photic electron donor with the ability to stimulate cytochrome oxidase activity, redox and free radical processes. Both interventions provide neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement by facilitating mitochondrial respiration, with hormetic dose-response effects and brain region activational specificity. This evidence supports enhancement of mitochondrial respiratory function as a generalizable therapeutic principle relevant to highly adaptable systems that are exquisitely sensitive to energy availability such as the nervous system.
Collapse
|