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Romero-Munar A, Muñoz-Carrasco M, Balestrini R, De Rose S, Giovannini L, Aroca R, Ruiz-Lozano JM. Differential root and cell regulation of maize aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis highlights its role in plant water relations. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38965812 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate if the regulation of plant aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis occurs only in roots or cells colonized by the fungus or at whole root system. Maize plants were cultivated in a split-root system, with half of the root system inoculated with the AM fungus and the other half uninoculated. Plant growth and hydraulic parameters were measured and aquaporin gene expression was determined in each root fraction and in microdissected cells. Under well-watered conditions, the non-colonized root fractions of AM plants grew more than the colonized root fraction. Total osmotic and hydrostatic root hydraulic conductivities (Lo and Lpr) were higher in AM plants than in non-mycorrhizal plants. The expression of most maize aquaporin genes analysed was different in the mycorrhizal root fraction than in the non-mycorrhizal root fraction of AM plants. At the cellular level, differential aquaporin expression in AM-colonized cells and in uncolonized cells was also observed. Results indicate the existence of both, local and systemic regulation of plant aquaporins by the AM symbiosis and suggest that such regulation is related to the availability of water taken up by fungal hyphae in each root fraction and to the plant need of water mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Romero-Munar
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María Muñoz-Carrasco
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia De Rose
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Giovannini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Ran Z, Chen X, Li R, Duan W, Zhang Y, Fang L, Guo L, Zhou J. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the changes induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Panax quinquefolius L. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4919-4933. [PMID: 36942522 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax quinquefolius L. is one of the most important foods and herbs because of its high nutritional value and medicinal potential. In our previous study we found that the ginsenoside content in P. quinquefolius was improved by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs). However, little research has been conducted on the molecular mechanisms in P. quinquefolius roots induced by AMFs colonization. To identify the metabolomic and transcriptomic mechanisms of P. quinquefolius induced by AMFs, non-mycorrhized (control) and mycorrhized (AMF) P. quinquefolius were used as experimental materials for comparative analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome. RESULTS Compared with the control, 182 metabolites and 545 genes were significantly changed at the metabolic and transcriptional levels in AMFs treatment. The metabolic pattern of AMFs was changed, and the contents of ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg2), threonine, and glutaric acid were significantly increased. There were significant differences in the expression of genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, and the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. In addition, several transcription factors from the NAC, WRKY, and basic helix-loop-helix families were identified in AMFs versus the control. Furthermore, the combined analysis of 'transcriptomics-metabolomics' analysis showed that 'Plant hormone signal transduction', 'Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism' and 'Glutathione metabolism' pathways were the important enriched pathways in response to AMFs colonization. CONCLUSION Overall, these results provide new insights into P. quinquefolius response to AMFs, which improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of P. quinquefolius induced by AMFs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Ran
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Duan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Insights into the molecular aspects of salt stress tolerance in mycorrhizal plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:253. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Balestrini R, Sillo F. Plant-Fungal Interactions: Laser Microdissection as a Tool to Study Cell Specificity. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2536:369-380. [PMID: 35819614 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2517-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, laser microdissection (LMD) technology has been widely applied to plant tissues, allowing to obtain new information on the role of different cell-type populations during plant development and interactions, including plant-pathogen interactions. The application of a LMD approach allowed verifying the response of plant and pathogen during the progression of the infection in different cell types, focusing both on gene expression in host plants and pathogens. Here, a protocol to apply the LMD approach to study plant and fungal transcript profiles in different cell-type populations is described in detail, from the biological material preparation to RNA extraction and gene expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Torino, Italy.
| | - Fabiano Sillo
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Torino, Italy
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Berrío RT, Nelissen H, Inzé D, Dubois M. Increasing yield on dry fields: molecular pathways with growing potential. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:323-341. [PMID: 34695266 PMCID: PMC7612350 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress constitutes one of the major constraints to agriculture all over the world, and its devastating effect is only expected to increase in the following years due to climate change. Concurrently, the increasing food demand in a steadily growing population requires a proportional increase in yield and crop production. In the past, research aimed to increase plant resilience to severe drought stress. However, this often resulted in stunted growth and reduced yield under favorable conditions or moderate drought. Nowadays, drought tolerance research aims to maintain plant growth and yield under drought conditions. Overall, recently deployed strategies to engineer drought tolerance in the lab can be classified into a 'growth-centered' strategy, which focuses on keeping growth unaffected by the drought stress, and a 'drought resilience without growth penalty' strategy, in which the main aim is still to boost drought resilience, while limiting the side effects on plant growth. In this review, we put the scope on these two strategies and some molecular players that were successfully engineered to generate drought-tolerant plants: abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, ROS scavenging genes, strigolactones, and aquaporins. We discuss how these pathways participate in growth and stress response regulation under drought. Finally, we present an overview of the current insights and future perspectives in the development of new strategies to improve drought tolerance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tenorio Berrío
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Corresponding Author: Dirk Inzé VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology Technologiepark 71 B-9052 Ghent (Belgium) Tel.: +32 9 3313800; Fax: +32 9 3313809;
| | - Marieke Dubois
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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Zou YN, Wu QS, Kuča K. Unravelling the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in mitigating the oxidative burst of plants under drought stress. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:50-57. [PMID: 32745347 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With continued climate changes, soil drought stress has become the main limiting factor for crop growth in arid and semi-arid regions. A typical characteristic of drought stress is the burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative damage. Plant-associated microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), can regulate physiological and molecular responses to tolerate drought stress, and they have a strong ability to cope with drought-induced oxidative damage via enhanced antioxidant defence systems. AMF produce a limited oxidative burst in the arbuscule-containing root cortical cells. Similar to plants, AMF modulate a fungal network in enzymatic (e.g. GmarCuZnSOD and GintSOD1) and non-enzymatic (e.g. GintMT1, GinPDX1 and GintGRX1) antioxidant defence systems to scavenge ROS. Plants also respond to mycorrhization to enhance stress tolerance via metabolites and the induction of genes. The present review provides an overview of the network of plant - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus dialogue in mitigating oxidative stress. Future studies should involve identifying genes and transcription factors from both AMF and host plants in response to drought stress, and utilize transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to clarify a clear dialogue mechanism between plants and AMF in mitigating oxidative burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-N Zou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Q-S Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - K Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Funneliformis fasciculatum, on detoxification of Nickel and expression of TIP genes in Lolium perenne L. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Garg N, Cheema A. Relative roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in establishing a correlation between soil properties, carbohydrate utilization and yield in Cicer arietinum L. under As stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111196. [PMID: 32890948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of As (metalloid) degrades soil by negatively affecting the activities of soil enzymes, which in turn reduce growth and yield of the inhabiting plant. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can impart metalloid tolerance in plants by secreting glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) which binds with As or inertly adsorb in the extraradical mycelial surface. However, profitable use of AM requires selection of the most efficient combination of host plant and fungal species. The current study, therefore designed to study the efficacy of 3 a.m. fungal species: Rhizoglomus intraradices (Ri), Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) and Claroideoglomus claroideum (Cc) in imparting arsenate As(V) and arsenite As(III) stress tolerance in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) genotypes (G) - relatively metalloid tolerant- HC 3 and sensitive- C 235. Roots were found to be more severly affected as compared to shoots which resulted into a major decline in uptake of nutrients, chlorophyll concentrations and yield with As(III) inducing more toxic effects than As(V). HC 3 established more effective mycorrhizal symbiosis and was able to extract higher nutrients from the soil than C 235. Ri was most beneficial in improving plant biomass, carbohydrate utilization and productivity followed by Fm and Cc which could be due to its capability to initiate highest percent colonization and least metalloid uptake in roots through higher glomalin production in the soil. Moreover, Ri was highly efficient in improving soil enzymes activities-phosphatases (PHAs), β-glucosidase (BGA) and invertase (INV), thereby, imparting metalloid tolerance in chickpea genotypes. The results suggested use of Ri-chickpea symbiosis as a promising strategy for ameliorating As stress in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Garg
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Amandeep Cheema
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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9
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Pawlowski ML, Vuong TD, Valliyodan B, Nguyen HT, Hartman GL. Whole-genome resequencing identifies quantitative trait loci associated with mycorrhizal colonization of soybean. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:409-417. [PMID: 31707439 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A whole-genome resequencing-derived SNP dataset identified six quantitative trait loci (QTL) significantly associated with colonization of soybean by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus intraradices). Candidate genes identified in these QTL regions include homologs to known nodulin protein families and other symbiosis-specific genes. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form associations with over 80% of all terrestrial plant species and assist their host plants by increasing their nutrient uptake, drought tolerance, and resilience against pathogens and pests. Genotypic variation of crop plants to AMF colonization has been identified in crops, including soybean; however, the genetics controlling levels of AMF colonization in soybean are unknown. The overall goal of our study was to identify genomic regions associated with mycorrhizal colonization in soybean using genome-wide association analysis. A diverse panel of 350 exotic soybean genotypes inoculated with Rhizophagus intraradices were microscopically evaluated for root colonization using a modified gridline intersect method. Root colonization differed significantly (P < 0.001) among genotypes and ranged from 11 to 70%. A whole-genome resequencing-derived SNP dataset identified six quantitative trait loci (QTL) significantly associated with R. intraradices colonization that explained 24% of the phenotypic variance. Candidate genes identified in these QTL regions include homologs to known nodulin protein families and other symbiosis-specific genes. The results showed there was a significant genetic component to the level of colonization by R. intraradices in soybean. This information may be useful in the development of AMF-sensitive soybean cultivars to enhance nutrient uptake, drought tolerance, and disease resistance in the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Pawlowski
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, 1101 W. Peabody Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tri D Vuong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Babu Valliyodan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Glen L Hartman
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, 1101 W. Peabody Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- USDA, Agricultural Research Services, University of Illinois, 1101 W. Peabody Dr., Urbana, IL, USA.
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Laser Microdissection as a Useful Tool to Study Gene Expression in Plant and Fungal Partners in AM Symbiosis. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2146:171-184. [PMID: 32415603 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0603-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Laser microdissection (LMD) technology has been widely applied to plant tissues, offering novel information on the role of different cell-type populations during plant-microbe interactions. In this chapter, protocols to apply the LMD approach to study plant and fungal transcript profiles in different cell-type populations from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) roots are described in detail, starting from the biological material preparation to gene expression analyses by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR.
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11
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Bahadur A, Batool A, Nasir F, Jiang S, Mingsen Q, Zhang Q, Pan J, Liu Y, Feng H. Mechanistic Insights into Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Mediated Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4199. [PMID: 31461957 PMCID: PMC6747277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic interaction with 80% of known land plants. It has a pronounced impact on plant growth, water absorption, mineral nutrition, and protection from abiotic stresses. Plants are very dynamic systems having great adaptability under continuously changing drying conditions. In this regard, the function of AMF as a biological tool for improving plant drought stress tolerance and phenotypic plasticity, in terms of establishing mutualistic associations, seems an innovative approach towards sustainable agriculture. However, a better understanding of these complex interconnected signaling pathways and AMF-mediated mechanisms that regulate the drought tolerance in plants will enhance its potential application as an innovative approach in environmentally friendly agriculture. This paper reviews the underlying mechanisms that are confidently linked with plant-AMF interaction in alleviating drought stress, constructing emphasis on phytohormones and signaling molecules and their interaction with biochemical, and physiological processes to maintain the homeostasis of nutrient and water cycling and plant growth performance. Likewise, the paper will analyze how the AMF symbiosis helps the plant to overcome the deleterious effects of stress is also evaluated. Finally, we review how interactions between various signaling mechanisms governed by AMF symbiosis modulate different physiological responses to improve drought tolerance. Understanding the AMF-mediated mechanisms that are important for regulating the establishment of the mycorrhizal association and the plant protective responses towards unfavorable conditions will open new approaches to exploit AMF as a bioprotective tool against drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bahadur
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Asfa Batool
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fahad Nasir
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shengjin Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qin Mingsen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianbin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huyuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Bienert MD, Muries B, Crappe D, Chaumont F, Bienert GP. Overexpression of X Intrinsic Protein 1;1 in Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis reduces boron allocation to shoot sink tissues. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00143. [PMID: 31245781 PMCID: PMC6549384 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Major Intrinsic Proteins (MIP) are a family of channels facilitating the diffusion of water and/or small solutes across cellular membranes. X Intrinsic Proteins (XIP) form the least characterized MIP subfamily in vascular plants. XIPs are mostly impermeable to water but facilitate the diffusion of hydrogen peroxide, urea and boric acid when expressed in heterologous expression systems. However, their transport capabilities in planta and their impact on plant physiology are still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that overexpression of NtXIP1;1 in Nicotiana tabacum by the En2pPMA4 or the 35S CaMV promoter and in Arabidopsis, which does not contain any XIP gene, by the 35S CaMV promoter, resulted in boron (B)-deficiency symptoms such as death of the shoot apical meristem, infertile flowers, and puckered leaves. Leaf B concentrations in symptomatic tissues and B xylem sap concentrations were lower in the overexpressors than in control plants. Importantly, expression of NtXIP1;1 under the control of the AtNIP5;1 promoter complemented the B deficiency phenotype of the Atnip5;1 knockout mutant, defining its ability to act as a boric acid channel in planta. Protein quantification analysis revealed that NtXIP1;1 was predominantly expressed in young B-demanding tissues and induced under B-deficient conditions. Our results strongly suggest that NtXIP1;1 plays a role in B homeostasis and its tissue-specific expression critically contributes to the distribution of B within tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Desiree Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchGaterslebenGermany
| | - Beatriz Muries
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and TechnologyUCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Delphine Crappe
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and TechnologyUCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and TechnologyUCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchGaterslebenGermany
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Microbes in Cahoots with Plants: MIST to Hit the Jackpot of Agricultural Productivity during Drought. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071769. [PMID: 30974865 PMCID: PMC6480072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought conditions marked by water deficit impede plant growth thus causing recurrent decline in agricultural productivity. Presently, research efforts are focussed towards harnessing the potential of microbes to enhance crop production during drought. Microbial communities, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) buddy up with plants to boost crop productivity during drought via microbial induced systemic tolerance (MIST). The present review summarizes MIST mechanisms during drought comprised of modulation in phytohormonal profiles, sturdy antioxidant defence, osmotic grapnel, bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) or AMF glomalin production, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), expression of fungal aquaporins and stress responsive genes, which alters various physiological processes such as hydraulic conductance, transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity and photosynthesis in host plants. Molecular studies have revealed microbial induced differential expression of various genes such as ERD15 (Early Response to Dehydration 15), RAB18 (ABA-responsive gene) in Arabidopsis, COX1 (regulates energy and carbohydrate metabolism), PKDP (protein kinase), AP2-EREBP (stress responsive pathway), Hsp20, bZIP1 and COC1 (chaperones in ABA signalling) in Pseudomonas fluorescens treated rice, LbKT1, LbSKOR (encoding potassium channels) in Lycium, PtYUC3 and PtYUC8 (IAA biosynthesis) in AMF inoculated Poncirus, ADC, AIH, CPA, SPDS, SPMS and SAMDC (polyamine biosynthesis) in PGPR inoculated Arabidopsis, 14-3-3 genes (TFT1-TFT12 genes in ABA signalling pathways) in AMF treated Solanum, ACO, ACS (ethylene biosynthesis), jasmonate MYC2 gene in chick pea, PR1 (SA regulated gene), pdf1.2 (JA marker genes) and VSP1 (ethylene-response gene) in Pseudomonas treated Arabidopsis plants. Moreover, the key role of miRNAs in MIST has also been recorded in Pseudomonas putida RA treated chick pea plants.
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Wei X, Jin X, Ndayambaza B, Min X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu W. Transcriptome-Wide Characterization and Functional Identification of the Aquaporin Gene Family During Drought Stress in Common Vetch. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:374-384. [PMID: 30807211 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels that are essential for the movement of water and other small molecules between biofilms in various physiological processes in plants. In this study, based on transcriptome-wide data, we identified and described a total of 21 AQP genes in common vetch (Vicia sativa subsp. sativa), which is an economically important pasture legume worldwide. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the VsAQPs were sorted into four subfamilies, including four plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), six tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), seven NOD26-like intrinsic proteins, and four small basic intrinsic proteins. Furthermore, chemical and physical properties of these VsAQPs, including the isoelectric point and theoretical molecular weight, were analyzed. Analyses of the AQP signature sequences and key residues indicated the substrate specificity of each VsAQP. A set of VsAQPs was selected for gene expression analysis in a number of tissues and after drought stress treatments using real-time quantitative reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction assays. Most of the PIPs and TIPs were proposed to have critical roles in regulating the flow of water during drought stress. Heterologous expression experiments in yeast indicated that VsPIP1;2 and VsPIP2;2 are key candidate genes for improving drought stress tolerance. The results reported in this study could be a crucial resource for further practical analyses and for genetic improvement of drought stress tolerance in common vetch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Boniface Ndayambaza
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xueyang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhengshe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
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15
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Feng ZJ, Liu N, Zhang GW, Niu FG, Xu SC, Gong YM. Investigation of the AQP Family in Soybean and the Promoter Activity of TIP2;6 in Heat Stress and Hormone Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E262. [PMID: 30634702 PMCID: PMC6359280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are one diverse family of membrane channel proteins that play crucial regulatory roles in plant stress physiology. However, the heat stress responsiveness of AQP genes in soybean remains poorly understood. In this study, 75 non-redundant AQP encoding genes were identified in soybean. Multiple sequence alignments showed that all GmAQP proteins possessed the conserved regions, which contained 6 trans-membrane domains (TM1 to TM6). Different GmAQP members consisted of distinct Asn-Pro-Ala (NPA) motifs, aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filters and Froger's positions (FPs). Phylogenetic analyses distinguished five sub-families within these GmAQPs: 24 GmPIPs, 24 GmTIPs, 17 GmNIPs, 8 GmSIPs, and 2 GmXIPs. Promoter cis-acting elements analyses revealed that distinct number and composition of heat stress and hormone responsive elements existed in different promoter regions of GmAQPs. QRT-PCR assays demonstrated that 12 candidate GmAQPs with relatively extensive expression in various tissues or high expression levels in root or leaf exhibited different expression changes under heat stress and hormone cues (abscisic acid (ABA), l-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC), salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)). Furthermore, the promoter activity of one previously functionally unknown AQP gene-GmTIP2;6 was investigated in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity driven by the promoter of GmTIP2;6 was strongly induced in the heat- and ACC-treated transgenic plants and tended to be accumulated in the hypocotyls, vascular bundles, and leaf trichomes. These results will contribute to uncovering the potential functions and molecular mechanisms of soybean GmAQPs in mediating heat stress and hormone signal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Juan Feng
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Gu-Wen Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Fu-Ge Niu
- Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, The School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Sheng-Chun Xu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Ya-Ming Gong
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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16
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Wang R, Wang M, Chen K, Wang S, Mur LAJ, Guo S. Exploring the Roles of Aquaporins in Plant⁻Microbe Interactions. Cells 2018; 7:E267. [PMID: 30545006 PMCID: PMC6316839 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane channel proteins regulating the flux of water and other various small solutes across membranes. Significant progress has been made in understanding the roles of AQPs in plants' physiological processes, and now their activities in various plant⁻microbe interactions are receiving more attention. This review summarizes the various roles of different AQPs during interactions with microbes which have positive and negative consequences on the host plants. In positive plant⁻microbe interactions involving rhizobia, arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), AQPs play important roles in nitrogen fixation, nutrient transport, improving water status, and increasing abiotic stress tolerance. For negative interactions resulting in pathogenesis, AQPs help plants resist infections by preventing pathogen ingress by influencing stomata opening and influencing defensive signaling pathways, especially through regulating systemic acquired resistance. Interactions with bacterial or viral pathogens can be directly perturbed through direct interaction of AQPs with harpins or replicase. However, whilst these observations indicate the importance of AQPs, further work is needed to develop a fuller mechanistic understanding of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kehao Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK.
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Ding L, Lu Z, Gao L, Guo S, Shen Q. Is Nitrogen a Key Determinant of Water Transport and Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Upon Drought Stress? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1143. [PMID: 30186291 PMCID: PMC6113670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major global issue limiting agricultural productivity. Plants respond to drought stress through a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular changes for survival. The regulation of water transport and photosynthesis play crucial roles in improving plants' drought tolerance. Nitrogen (N, ammonium and nitrate) is an essential macronutrient for plants, and it can affect many aspects of plant growth and metabolic pathways, including water relations and photosynthesis. This review focuses on how drought stress affects water transport and photosynthesis, including the regulation of hydraulic conductance, aquaporin expression, and photosynthesis. It also discusses the cross talk between N, water transport, and drought stress in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Fochi V, Falla N, Girlanda M, Perotto S, Balestrini R. Cell-specific expression of plant nutrient transporter genes in orchid mycorrhizae. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 263:39-45. [PMID: 28818382 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Orchid mycorrhizal protocorms and roots are heterogeneous structures composed of different plant cell-types, where cells colonized by intracellular fungal coils (the pelotons) are close to non-colonized plant cells. Moreover, the fungal coils undergo rapid turnover inside the colonized cells, so that plant cells containing coils at different developmental stages can be observed in the same tissue section. Here, we have investigated by laser microdissection (LMD) the localization of specific plant gene transcripts in different cell-type populations collected from mycorrhizal protocorms and roots of the Mediterranean orchid Serapias vomeracea colonized by Tulasnella calospora. RNAs extracted from the different cell-type populations have been used to study plant gene expression, focusing on genes potentially involved in N uptake and transport and previously identified as up-regulated in symbiotic protocorms. Results clearly showed that some plant N transporters are differentially expressed in cells containing fungal coils at different developmental stages, as well as in non-colonized cells, and allowed the identification of new functional markers associated to coil-containing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Fochi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy; CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Nicole Falla
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Mariangela Girlanda
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy; CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy; CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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19
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Balestrini R, Salvioli A, Dal Molin A, Novero M, Gabelli G, Paparelli E, Marroni F, Bonfante P. Impact of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus versus a mixed microbial inoculum on the transcriptome reprogramming of grapevine roots. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:417-430. [PMID: 28101667 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine, cultivated for both fruit and beverage production, represents one of the most economically important fruit crops worldwide. With the aim of better understanding how grape roots respond to beneficial microbes, a transcriptome sequencing experiment has been performed to evaluate the impact of a single arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species (Funneliformis mosseae) versus a mixed inoculum containing a bacterial and fungal consortium, including different AM species, on Richter 110 rootstock. Results showed that the impact of a single AM fungus and of a complex microbial inoculum on the grapevine transcriptome differed. After 3 months, roots exclusively were colonized after the F. mosseae treatment and several AM marker genes were found to be upregulated. The mixed inoculum led only to traces of colonization by AM fungi, but elicited an important transcriptional regulation. Additionally, the expression of genes belonging to categories such as nutrient transport, transcription factors, and cell wall-related genes was significantly altered in both treatments, but the exact genes affected differed in the two conditions. These findings advance our understanding about the impact of soil beneficial microbes on the root system of a woody plant, also offering the basis for novel approaches in grapevine cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Balestrini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante del CNR, SS Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Salvioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dal Molin
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale dell'Università di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Mara Novero
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gabelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Paparelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali (DI4A), Università degli Studi di Udine, Viale delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Istituto di Genomica Applicata (IGA), Via J. Linussio 51, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali (DI4A), Università degli Studi di Udine, Viale delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Istituto di Genomica Applicata (IGA), Via J. Linussio 51, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
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20
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Podgorny OV, Lazarev VN. Laser microdissection: A promising tool for exploring microorganisms and their interactions with hosts. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 138:82-92. [PMID: 26775287 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Laser microdissection is a method that allows for the isolation of homogenous cell populations from their native niches in tissues for downstream molecular assays. This method is widely used for genomic analysis, gene expression profiling and proteomic and metabolite assays in various fields of biology, but it remains an uncommon approach in microbiological research. In spite of the limited number of publications, laser microdissection was shown to be an extremely useful method for studying host-microorganism interactions in animals and plants, investigating bacteria within biofilms, identifying uncultivated bacteria and performing single prokaryotic cell analysis. The current paper describes the methodological aspects of commercially available laser microdissection instruments and representative examples that demonstrate the advantages of this method for resolving a variety of issues in microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Podgorny
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119435, Russia; Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119334, Russia.
| | - Vassili N Lazarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 119435, Russia
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22
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Quiroga G, Erice G, Aroca R, Chaumont F, Ruiz-Lozano JM. Enhanced Drought Stress Tolerance by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in a Drought-Sensitive Maize Cultivar Is Related to a Broader and Differential Regulation of Host Plant Aquaporins than in a Drought-Tolerant Cultivar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1056. [PMID: 28674550 DOI: 10.1007/s,00122-015-2453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis has been shown to improve maize tolerance to different drought stress scenarios by regulating a wide range of host plants aquaporins. The objective of this study was to highlight the differences in aquaporin regulation by comparing the effects of the AM symbiosis on root aquaporin gene expression and plant physiology in two maize cultivars with contrasting drought sensitivity. This information would help to identify key aquaporin genes involved in the enhanced drought tolerance by the AM symbiosis. Results showed that when plants were subjected to drought stress the AM symbiosis induced a higher improvement of physiological parameters in drought-sensitive plants than in drought-tolerant plants. These include efficiency of photosystem II, membrane stability, accumulation of soluble sugars and plant biomass production. Thus, drought-sensitive plants obtained higher physiological benefit from the AM symbiosis. In addition, the genes ZmPIP1;1, ZmPIP1;3, ZmPIP1;4, ZmPIP1;6, ZmPIP2;2, ZmPIP2;4, ZmTIP1;1, and ZmTIP2;3 were down-regulated by the AM symbiosis in the drought-sensitive cultivar and only ZmTIP4;1 was up-regulated. In contrast, in the drought-tolerant cultivar only three of the studied aquaporin genes (ZmPIP1;6, ZmPIP2;2, and ZmTIP4;1) were regulated by the AM symbiosis, resulting induced. Results in the drought-sensitive cultivar are in line with the hypothesis that down-regulation of aquaporins under water deprivation could be a way to minimize water loss, and the AM symbiosis could be helping the plant in this regulation. Indeed, during drought stress episodes, water conservation is critical for plant survival and productivity, and is achieved by an efficient uptake and stringently regulated water loss, in which aquaporins participate. Moreover, the broader and contrasting regulation of these aquaporins by the AM symbiosis in the drought-sensitive than the drought-tolerant cultivar suggests a role of these aquaporins in water homeostasis or in the transport of other solutes of physiological importance in both cultivars under drought stress conditions, which may be important for the AM-induced tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Quiroga
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Gorka Erice
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Juan M Ruiz-Lozano
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
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23
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Quiroga G, Erice G, Aroca R, Chaumont F, Ruiz-Lozano JM. Enhanced Drought Stress Tolerance by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in a Drought-Sensitive Maize Cultivar Is Related to a Broader and Differential Regulation of Host Plant Aquaporins than in a Drought-Tolerant Cultivar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1056. [PMID: 28674550 PMCID: PMC5474487 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis has been shown to improve maize tolerance to different drought stress scenarios by regulating a wide range of host plants aquaporins. The objective of this study was to highlight the differences in aquaporin regulation by comparing the effects of the AM symbiosis on root aquaporin gene expression and plant physiology in two maize cultivars with contrasting drought sensitivity. This information would help to identify key aquaporin genes involved in the enhanced drought tolerance by the AM symbiosis. Results showed that when plants were subjected to drought stress the AM symbiosis induced a higher improvement of physiological parameters in drought-sensitive plants than in drought-tolerant plants. These include efficiency of photosystem II, membrane stability, accumulation of soluble sugars and plant biomass production. Thus, drought-sensitive plants obtained higher physiological benefit from the AM symbiosis. In addition, the genes ZmPIP1;1, ZmPIP1;3, ZmPIP1;4, ZmPIP1;6, ZmPIP2;2, ZmPIP2;4, ZmTIP1;1, and ZmTIP2;3 were down-regulated by the AM symbiosis in the drought-sensitive cultivar and only ZmTIP4;1 was up-regulated. In contrast, in the drought-tolerant cultivar only three of the studied aquaporin genes (ZmPIP1;6, ZmPIP2;2, and ZmTIP4;1) were regulated by the AM symbiosis, resulting induced. Results in the drought-sensitive cultivar are in line with the hypothesis that down-regulation of aquaporins under water deprivation could be a way to minimize water loss, and the AM symbiosis could be helping the plant in this regulation. Indeed, during drought stress episodes, water conservation is critical for plant survival and productivity, and is achieved by an efficient uptake and stringently regulated water loss, in which aquaporins participate. Moreover, the broader and contrasting regulation of these aquaporins by the AM symbiosis in the drought-sensitive than the drought-tolerant cultivar suggests a role of these aquaporins in water homeostasis or in the transport of other solutes of physiological importance in both cultivars under drought stress conditions, which may be important for the AM-induced tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Quiroga
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Gorka Erice
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Juan M. Ruiz-Lozano
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan M. Ruiz-Lozano,
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Plant Aquaporins and Mycorrhizae: Their Regulation and Involvement in Plant Physiology and Performance. PLANT AQUAPORINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-49395-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kikuchi Y, Hijikata N, Ohtomo R, Handa Y, Kawaguchi M, Saito K, Masuta C, Ezawa T. Aquaporin-mediated long-distance polyphosphate translocation directed towards the host in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: application of virus-induced gene silencing. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:1202-8. [PMID: 27136716 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi translocate polyphosphate through hyphae over a long distance to deliver to the host. More than three decades ago, suppression of host transpiration was found to decelerate phosphate delivery of the fungal symbiont, leading us to hypothesize that transpiration provides a primary driving force for polyphosphate translocation, probably via creating hyphal water flow in which fungal aquaporin(s) may be involved. The impact of transpiration suppression on polyphosphate translocation through hyphae of Rhizophagus clarus was evaluated. An aquaporin gene expressed in intraradical mycelia was characterized and knocked down by virus-induced gene silencing to investigate the involvement of the gene in polyphosphate translocation. Rhizophagus clarus aquaporin 3 (RcAQP3) that was most highly expressed in intraradical mycelia encodes an aquaglyceroporin responsible for water transport across the plasma membrane. Knockdown of RcAQP3 as well as the suppression of host transpiration decelerated polyphosphate translocation in proportion to the levels of knockdown and suppression, respectively. These results provide the first insight into the mechanism underlying long-distance polyphosphate translocation in mycorrhizal associations at the molecular level, in which host transpiration and the fungal aquaporin play key roles. A hypothetical model of the translocation is proposed for further elucidation of the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Nowaki Hijikata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohtomo
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Sapporo, 062-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Handa
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Chikara Masuta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ezawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
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Chitarra W, Maserti B, Gambino G, Guerrieri E, Balestrini R. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis-mediated tomato tolerance to drought. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1197468. [PMID: 27359066 PMCID: PMC4991350 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1197468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach, involving eco-physiological, morphometric, biochemical and molecular analyses, has been used to study the impact of two different AM fungi, i.e. Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices, on tomato response to water stress. Overall, results show that AM symbiosis positively affects the tolerance to drought in tomato with a different plant response depending on the involved AM fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)-CNR, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)-CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)-CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)-CNR, Torino, Italy
- CONTACT Raffaella Balestrini IPSP-CNR, Torino Unit, Viale Mattioli Torino Italy
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27
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Lopez D, Amira MB, Brown D, Muries B, Brunel-Michac N, Bourgerie S, Porcheron B, Lemoine R, Chrestin H, Mollison E, Di Cola A, Frigerio L, Julien JL, Gousset-Dupont A, Fumanal B, Label P, Pujade-Renaud V, Auguin D, Venisse JS. The Hevea brasiliensis XIP aquaporin subfamily: genomic, structural and functional characterizations with relevance to intensive latex harvesting. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:375-96. [PMID: 27068521 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
X-Intrinsic Proteins (XIP) were recently identified in a narrow range of plants as a full clade within the aquaporins. These channels reportedly facilitate the transport of a wide range of hydrophobic solutes. The functional roles of XIP in planta remain poorly identified. In this study, we found three XIP genes (HbXIP1;1, HbXIP2;1 and HbXIP3;1) in the Hevea brasiliensis genome. Comprehensive bioinformatics, biochemical and structural analyses were used to acquire a better understanding of this AQP subfamily. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HbXIPs clustered into two major groups, each distributed in a specific lineage of the order Malpighiales. Tissue-specific expression profiles showed that only HbXIP2;1 was expressed in all the vegetative tissues tested (leaves, stem, bark, xylem and latex), suggesting that HbXIP2;1 could take part in a wide range of cellular processes. This is particularly relevant to the rubber-producing laticiferous system, where this isoform was found to be up-regulated during tapping and ethylene treatments. Furthermore, the XIP transcriptional pattern is significantly correlated to latex production level. Structural comparison with SoPIP2;1 from Spinacia oleracea species provides new insights into the possible role of structural checkpoints by which HbXIP2;1 ensures glycerol transfer across the membrane. From these results, we discuss the physiological involvement of glycerol and HbXIP2;1 in water homeostasis and carbon stream of challenged laticifers. The characterization of HbXIP2;1 during rubber tree tapping lends new insights into molecular and physiological response processes of laticifer metabolism in the context of latex exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maroua Ben Amira
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Brown
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Biotechnology Unit, Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre, Brickendonbury, Hertford, UK
| | - Beatriz Muries
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nicole Brunel-Michac
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvain Bourgerie
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, INRA-USC1328, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Benoit Porcheron
- Ecologie, Biologie des Interactions, Equipe SEVE, UMR 7267 CNRS/Université de Poitiers, Bâtiment B31, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Remi Lemoine
- Ecologie, Biologie des Interactions, Equipe SEVE, UMR 7267 CNRS/Université de Poitiers, Bâtiment B31, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Hervé Chrestin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR060/CEFE-CNRS, 1029 route de Mende, 34032, Montpellier, France
| | - Ewan Mollison
- Biotechnology Unit, Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre, Brickendonbury, Hertford, UK
| | - Alessandra Di Cola
- Biotechnology Unit, Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre, Brickendonbury, Hertford, UK
| | - Lorenzo Frigerio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jean-Louis Julien
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Gousset-Dupont
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Boris Fumanal
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Label
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Pujade-Renaud
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Auguin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d'Orléans, UPRES EA 1207, INRA-USC1328, 45067, Orléans, France.
| | - Jean-Stéphane Venisse
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178, Aubiere Cedex, France.
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Chitarra W, Pagliarani C, Maserti B, Lumini E, Siciliano I, Cascone P, Schubert A, Gambino G, Balestrini R, Guerrieri E. Insights on the Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Tomato Tolerance to Water Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1009-23. [PMID: 27208301 PMCID: PMC4902612 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which form symbioses with the roots of the most important crop species, are usually considered biofertilizers, whose exploitation could represent a promising avenue for the development in the future of a more sustainable next-generation agriculture. The best understood function in symbiosis is an improvement in plant mineral nutrient acquisition, as exchange for carbon compounds derived from the photosynthetic process: this can enhance host growth and tolerance to environmental stresses, such as water stress (WS). However, physiological and molecular mechanisms occurring in arbuscular mycorrhiza-colonized plants and directly involved in the mitigation of WS effects need to be further investigated. The main goal of this work is to verify the potential impact of AM symbiosis on the plant response to WS To this aim, the effect of two AM fungi (Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under the WS condition was studied. A combined approach, involving ecophysiological, morphometric, biochemical, and molecular analyses, has been used to highlight the mechanisms involved in plant response to WS during AM symbiosis. Gene expression analyses focused on a set of target genes putatively involved in the plant response to drought, and in parallel, we considered the expression changes induced by the imposed stress on a group of fungal genes playing a key role in the water-transport process. Taken together, the results show that AM symbiosis positively affects the tolerance to WS in tomato, with a different plant response depending on the AM fungi species involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Biancaelena Maserti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Erica Lumini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Ilenia Siciliano
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cascone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Schubert
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Chitarra W, Pagliarani C, Maserti B, Lumini E, Siciliano I, Cascone P, Schubert A, Gambino G, Balestrini R, Guerrieri E. Insights on the Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Tomato Tolerance to Water Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1009-1023. [PMID: 27208301 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.003079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which form symbioses with the roots of the most important crop species, are usually considered biofertilizers, whose exploitation could represent a promising avenue for the development in the future of a more sustainable next-generation agriculture. The best understood function in symbiosis is an improvement in plant mineral nutrient acquisition, as exchange for carbon compounds derived from the photosynthetic process: this can enhance host growth and tolerance to environmental stresses, such as water stress (WS). However, physiological and molecular mechanisms occurring in arbuscular mycorrhiza-colonized plants and directly involved in the mitigation of WS effects need to be further investigated. The main goal of this work is to verify the potential impact of AM symbiosis on the plant response to WS To this aim, the effect of two AM fungi (Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under the WS condition was studied. A combined approach, involving ecophysiological, morphometric, biochemical, and molecular analyses, has been used to highlight the mechanisms involved in plant response to WS during AM symbiosis. Gene expression analyses focused on a set of target genes putatively involved in the plant response to drought, and in parallel, we considered the expression changes induced by the imposed stress on a group of fungal genes playing a key role in the water-transport process. Taken together, the results show that AM symbiosis positively affects the tolerance to WS in tomato, with a different plant response depending on the AM fungi species involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Biancaelena Maserti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Erica Lumini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Ilenia Siciliano
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cascone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Schubert
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Turin (W.C., G.G.), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (E.M.), 10125 Turin (E.L., R.B.), 80055 Portici (P.C., E.G.), Italy;Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences (C.P., A.S.), Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences (I.S.), Turin University, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Gavrilovic S, Yan Z, Jurkiewicz AM, Stougaard J, Markmann K. Inoculation insensitive promoters for cell type enriched gene expression in legume roots and nodules. PLANT METHODS 2016; 12:4. [PMID: 26807140 PMCID: PMC4724153 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-016-0105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishment and maintenance of mutualistic plant-microbial interactions in the rhizosphere and within plant roots involve several root cell types. The processes of host-microbe recognition and infection require complex signal exchange and activation of downstream responses. These molecular events coordinate host responses across root cell layers during microbe invasion, ultimately triggering changes of root cell fates. The progression of legume root interactions with rhizobial bacteria has been addressed in numerous studies. However, tools to globally resolve the succession of molecular events in the host root at the cell type level have been lacking. To this end, we aimed to identify promoters exhibiting cell type enriched expression in roots of the model legume Lotus japonicus, as no comprehensive set of such promoters usable in legume roots is available to date. RESULTS Here, we use promoter:GUS fusions to characterize promoters stemming from Arabidopsis, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) or L. japonicus with respect to their expression in major cell types of the L. japonicus root differentiation zone, which shows molecular and morphological responses to symbiotic bacteria and fungi. Out of 24 tested promoters, 11 showed cell type enriched activity in L. japonicus roots. Covered cell types or cell type combinations are epidermis (1), epidermis and cortex (2), cortex (1), endodermis and pericycle (2), pericycle and phloem (4), or xylem (1). Activity of these promoters in the respective cell types was stable during early stages of infection of transgenic roots with the rhizobial symbiont of L. japonicus, Mesorhizobium loti. For a subset of five promoters, expression stability was further demonstrated in whole plant transgenics as well as in active nodules. CONCLUSIONS 11 promoters from Arabidopsis (10) or tomato (1) with enriched activity in major L. japonicus root and nodule cell types have been identified. Root expression patterns are independent of infection with rhizobial bacteria, providing a stable read-out in the root section responsive to symbiotic bacteria. Promoters are available as cloning vectors. We expect these tools to help provide a new dimension to our understanding of signaling circuits and transcript dynamics in symbiotic interactions of legumes with microbial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Gavrilovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling (CARB), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zhe Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling (CARB), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna M. Jurkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling (CARB), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling (CARB), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katharina Markmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling (CARB), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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31
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Deshmukh RK, Sonah H, Bélanger RR. Plant Aquaporins: Genome-Wide Identification, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Advanced Analytical Tools. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1896. [PMID: 28066459 PMCID: PMC5167727 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are channel-forming integral membrane proteins that facilitate the movement of water and many other small molecules. Compared to animals, plants contain a much higher number of AQPs in their genome. Homology-based identification of AQPs in sequenced species is feasible because of the high level of conservation of protein sequences across plant species. Genome-wide characterization of AQPs has highlighted several important aspects such as distribution, genetic organization, evolution and conserved features governing solute specificity. From a functional point of view, the understanding of AQP transport system has expanded rapidly with the help of transcriptomics and proteomics data. The efficient analysis of enormous amounts of data generated through omic scale studies has been facilitated through computational advancements. Prediction of protein tertiary structures, pore architecture, cavities, phosphorylation sites, heterodimerization, and co-expression networks has become more sophisticated and accurate with increasing computational tools and pipelines. However, the effectiveness of computational approaches is based on the understanding of physiological and biochemical properties, transport kinetics, solute specificity, molecular interactions, sequence variations, phylogeny and evolution of aquaporins. For this purpose, tools like Xenopus oocyte assays, yeast expression systems, artificial proteoliposomes, and lipid membranes have been efficiently exploited to study the many facets that influence solute transport by AQPs. In the present review, we discuss genome-wide identification of AQPs in plants in relation with recent advancements in analytical tools, and their availability and technological challenges as they apply to AQPs. An exhaustive review of omics resources available for AQP research is also provided in order to optimize their efficient utilization. Finally, a detailed catalog of computational tools and analytical pipelines is offered as a resource for AQP research.
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Pommerrenig B, Diehn TA, Bienert GP. Metalloido-porins: Essentiality of Nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins in metalloid transport. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 238:212-27. [PMID: 26259189 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metalloids are a group of physiologically important elements ranging from the essential to the highly toxic. Arsenic, antimony, germanium, and tellurium are highly toxic to plants themselves and to consumers of metalloid-contaminated plants. Boron, silicon, and selenium fulfill essential or beneficial functions in plants. However, when present at high concentrations, boron and selenium cause toxicity symptoms that are detrimental to plant fitness and yield. Consequently, all plants require efficient membrane transport systems to control the uptake and extrusion of metalloids into or out of the plant and their distribution within the plant body. Several Nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) that belong to the aquaporin plant water channel protein family facilitate the diffusion of uncharged metalloid species. Genetic, physiological, and molecular evidence is that NIPs from primitive to higher plants not only transport all environmentally important metalloids, but that these proteins have a major role in the uptake, translocation, and extrusion of metalloids in plants. As most of the metalloid-permeable NIP aquaporins are impermeable or are poorly permeable to water, these NIP channel proteins should be considered as physiologically essential metalloido-porins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Metalloid Transport Group, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Till Arvid Diehn
- Metalloid Transport Group, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Gerd Patrick Bienert
- Metalloid Transport Group, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
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Handa Y, Nishide H, Takeda N, Suzuki Y, Kawaguchi M, Saito K. RNA-seq Transcriptional Profiling of an Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Provides Insights into Regulated and Coordinated Gene Expression in Lotus japonicus and Rhizophagus irregularis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1490-511. [PMID: 26009592 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression during arbuscular mycorrhizal development is highly orchestrated in both plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. To elucidate the gene expression profiles of the symbiotic association, we performed a digital gene expression analysis of Lotus japonicus and Rhizophagus irregularis using a HiSeq 2000 next-generation sequencer with a Cufflinks assembly and de novo transcriptome assembly. There were 3,641 genes differentially expressed during arbuscular mycorrhizal development in L. japonicus, approximately 80% of which were up-regulated. The up-regulated genes included secreted proteins, transporters, proteins involved in lipid and amino acid metabolism, ribosomes and histones. We also detected many genes that were differentially expressed in small-secreted peptides and transcription factors, which may be involved in signal transduction or transcription regulation during symbiosis. Co-regulated genes between arbuscular mycorrhizal and root nodule symbiosis were not particularly abundant, but transcripts encoding for membrane traffic-related proteins, transporters and iron transport-related proteins were found to be highly co-up-regulated. In transcripts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, expansion of cytochrome P450 was observed, which may contribute to various metabolic pathways required to accommodate roots and soil. The comprehensive gene expression data of both plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide a powerful platform for investigating the functional and molecular mechanisms underlying arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Handa
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Nishide
- Data Integration and Analysis Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Naoya Takeda
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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Xu H, Kemppainen M, El Kayal W, Lee SH, Pardo AG, Cooke JEK, Zwiazek JJ. Overexpression of Laccaria bicolor aquaporin JQ585595 alters root water transport properties in ectomycorrhizal white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:757-70. [PMID: 25323307 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of hyphae to water transport in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings was examined by altering expression of a major water-transporting aquaporin in Laccaria bicolor. Picea glauca was inoculated with wild-type (WT), mock transgenic or L. bicolor aquaporin JQ585595-overexpressing (OE) strains and exposed to root temperatures ranging from 5 to 20°C to examine the root water transport properties, physiological responses and plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) expression in colonized plants. Mycorrhization increased shoot water potential, transpiration, net photosynthetic rates, root hydraulic conductivity and root cortical cell hydraulic conductivity in seedlings. At 20°C, OE plants had higher root hydraulic conductivity compared with WT plants and the increases were accompanied by higher expression of P. glauca PIP GQ03401_M18.1 in roots. In contrast to WT L. bicolor, the effects of OE fungi on root and root cortical cell hydraulic conductivities were abolished at 10 and 5°C in the absence of major changes in the examined transcript levels of P. glauca root PIPs. The results provide evidence for the importance of fungal aquaporins in root water transport of mycorrhizal plants. They also demonstrate links between hyphal water transport, root aquaporin expression and root water transport in ECM plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
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Giovannetti M, Tolosano M, Volpe V, Kopriva S, Bonfante P. Identification and functional characterization of a sulfate transporter induced by both sulfur starvation and mycorrhiza formation in Lotus japonicus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 204:609-619. [PMID: 25132489 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) are one of the most widespread symbioses in the world. They allow plants to receive mineral nutrients from the symbiotic fungus which in turn gets back up to 20% of plant carbon and completes its life cycle. Especially in low-nutrient conditions, AM fungi are capable of significantly improving plant phosphate and nitrogen acquisition, but fewer data are available about sulfur (S) nutrition. We focused on S metabolism in Lotus japonicus upon mycorrhizal colonization under sulfur starvation or repletion. We investigated both tissue sulfate concentrations and S-related gene expression, at cell-type or whole-organ level. Gene expression and sulfate tissue concentration showed that Rhizophagus irregularis colonization can improve plant S nutritional status under S starvation. A group 1 sulfate transporter, LjSultr1;2, induced by both S starvation and mycorrhiza formation, was identified. Its transcript was localized in arbuscule-containing cells, which was confirmed with a promoter-GUS assay, and its function was verified through phenotyping of TILLING mutants in nonmycorrhizal seedlings. LjSultr1;2 thus appears to encode a key protein involved in plant sulfate uptake. In contrast to phosphate transporters, a single gene, LjSultr1;2, seems to mediate both direct and symbiotic pathways of S uptake in L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giovannetti
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Tolosano
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Veronica Volpe
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
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Verma RK, Prabh ND, Sankararamakrishnan R. New subfamilies of major intrinsic proteins in fungi suggest novel transport properties in fungal channels: implications for the host-fungal interactions. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:173. [PMID: 25112373 PMCID: PMC4236510 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aquaporins (AQPs) and aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs) belong to the superfamily of Major Intrinsic Proteins (MIPs) and are involved in the transport of water and neutral solutes across the membranes. MIP channels play significant role in plant-fungi symbiotic relationship and are believed to be important in host-pathogen interactions in human fungal diseases. In plants, at least five major MIP subfamilies have been identified. Fungal MIP subfamilies include orthodox aquaporins and five subgroups within aquaglyceroporins. XIP subfamily is common to both plants and fungi. In this study, we have investigated the extent of diversity in fungal MIPs and explored further evolutionary relationships with the plant MIP counterparts. Results We have extensively analyzed the available fungal genomes and examined nearly 400 fungal MIPs. Phylogenetic analysis and homology modeling exhibit the existence of a new MIP cluster distinct from any of the known fungal MIP subfamilies. All members of this cluster are found in microsporidia which are unicellular fungal parasites. Members of this family are small in size, charged and have hydrophobic residues in the aromatic/arginine selectivity filter and these features are shared by small and basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), one of the plant MIP subfamilies. We have also found two new subfamilies (δ and γ2) within the AQGP group. Fungal AQGPs are the most diverse and possess the largest number of subgroups. We have also identified distinguishing features in loops E and D in the newly identified subfamilies indicating their possible role in channel transport and gating. Conclusions Fungal SIP-like MIP family is distinct from any of the known fungal MIP families including orthodox aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins. After XIPs, this is the second MIP subfamily from fungi that may have possible evolutionary link with a plant MIP subfamily. AQGPs in fungi are more diverse and possess the largest number of subgroups. The aromatic/arginine selectivity filter of SIP-like fungal MIPs and the δ AQGPs are unique, hydrophobic in nature and are likely to transport novel hydrophobic solutes. They can be attractive targets for developing anti-fungal drugs. The evolutionary pattern shared with their plant counterparts indicates possible involvement of new fungal MIPs in plant-fungi symbiosis and host-pathogen interactions.
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Chitarra W, Balestrini R, Vitali M, Pagliarani C, Perrone I, Schubert A, Lovisolo C. Gene expression in vessel-associated cells upon xylem embolism repair in Vitis vinifera L. petioles. PLANTA 2014; 239:887-99. [PMID: 24402563 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-2017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the involvement of vessel-associated cells in embolism recovery was investigated by studying leaf petiole hydraulics and expression profiles of aquaporins and genes related to sugar metabolism. Two different stress treatments were imposed onto grapevines to induce xylem embolism: one involved a pressure collar applied to the stems, while the other consisted of water deprivation (drought). Embolism formation and repair were monitored during stress application and release (recovery). At the same time, stomatal conductance (g(s)), leaf water potential (Ψ(leaf)) and leaf abscisic acid (ABA) concentration were measured. For each treatment, gene transcript levels were assessed on vessel-associated cells (isolated from leaf petioles by laser microdissection technique) and whole petioles. Both treatments induced severe xylem embolism formation and drops in g s and Ψ (leaf) at a lesser degree and with faster recovery in the case of application of the pressure collar. Leaf ABA concentration only increased upon drought and subsequent recovery. Transcripts linked to sugar mobilisation (encoding a β-amylase and a glucose-6-P transporter) were over-expressed upon stress or recovery, both in vessel-associated cells and whole petioles. However, two aquaporin genes (VvPIP2;1 and VvPIP2;4N) were activated upon stress or recovery only in vessel-associated cells, suggesting a specific effect on embolism refilling. Furthermore, the latter gene was only activated upon drought and subsequent recovery, suggesting that either severe water stress or ABA is required for its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chitarra
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Zouari I, Salvioli A, Chialva M, Novero M, Miozzi L, Tenore GC, Bagnaresi P, Bonfante P. From root to fruit: RNA-Seq analysis shows that arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis may affect tomato fruit metabolism. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:221. [PMID: 24655934 PMCID: PMC3997964 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) establishes a beneficial symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The formation of the mycorrhizal association in the roots leads to plant-wide modulation of gene expression. To understand the systemic effect of the fungal symbiosis on the tomato fruit, we used RNA-Seq to perform global transcriptome profiling on Moneymaker tomato fruits at the turning ripening stage. RESULTS Fruits were collected at 55 days after flowering, from plants colonized with Funneliformis mosseae and from control plants, which were fertilized to avoid responses related to nutrient deficiency. Transcriptome analysis identified 712 genes that are differentially expressed in fruits from mycorrhizal and control plants. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these genes showed 81 overrepresented functional GO classes. Up-regulated GO classes include photosynthesis, stress response, transport, amino acid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism functions, suggesting a general impact of fungal symbiosis on primary metabolisms and, particularly, on mineral nutrition. Down-regulated GO classes include cell wall, metabolism and ethylene response pathways. Quantitative RT-PCR validated the RNA-Seq results for 12 genes out of 14 when tested at three fruit ripening stages, mature green, breaker and turning. Quantification of fruit nutraceutical and mineral contents produced values consistent with the expression changes observed by RNA-Seq analysis. CONCLUSIONS This RNA-Seq profiling produced a novel data set that explores the intersection of mycorrhization and fruit development. We found that the fruits of mycorrhizal plants show two transcriptomic "signatures": genes characteristic of a climacteric fleshy fruit, and genes characteristic of mycorrhizal status, like phosphate and sulphate transporters. Moreover, mycorrhizal plants under low nutrient conditions produce fruits with a nutrient content similar to those from non-mycorrhizal plants under high nutrient conditions, indicating that AM fungi can help replace exogenous fertilizer for fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Zouari
- />Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salvioli
- />Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Chialva
- />Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Novero
- />Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Miozzi
- />Institute of Plant Virology-IVV-CNR, Strada Delle Cacce, 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Bagnaresi
- />Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Genomics Research Centre, via S. Protaso, 302 I, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- />Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Deshmukh RK, Vivancos J, Guérin V, Sonah H, Labbé C, Belzile F, Bélanger RR. Identification and functional characterization of silicon transporters in soybean using comparative genomics of major intrinsic proteins in Arabidopsis and rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:303-15. [PMID: 23771580 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) confers several benefits to many plant species when absorbed as silicic acid through nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs). The NIPs belong to major intrinsic protein (MIP) family, members of which form channels with high selectivity to control transport of water and different solutes. Here, comparative genomic analysis of the MIPs was performed to investigate the presence of Si transporter MIPs in soybean. Thorough analysis of phylogeny, gene organization, transcriptome profiling and protein modeling was performed to characterize MIPs in rice, Arabidopsis and soybean. Based on several attributes, two putative Si transporter genes, GmNIP2-1 and GmNIP2-2, were identified, characterized and cloned from soybean. Expression of both genes was detected in shoot and root tissues, and decreased as Si increased. The protein encoded by GmNIP2-2 showed functionality for Si transport when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, thus confirming the genetic capability of soybean to absorb the element. Comparative analysis of MIPs in plants provides opportunities to decipher gene evolution, functionality and selectivity of nutrient uptake mechanisms. Exploitation of this strategy has helped to uncover unique features of MIPs in soybean. The identification and functional characterization of Si transporters can be exploited to optimize the benefits that plants can derive from Si absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh K Deshmukh
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Navarro-Ródenas A, Bárzana G, Nicolás E, Carra A, Schubert A, Morte A. Expression analysis of aquaporins from desert truffle mycorrhizal symbiosis reveals a fine-tuned regulation under drought. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2013; 26:1068-78. [PMID: 23656332 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-12-0178-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We have performed the isolation, functional characterization, and expression analysis of aquaporins in roots and leaves of Helianthemum almeriense, in order to evaluate their roles in tolerance to water deficit. Five cDNAs, named HaPIP1;1, HaPIP1;2, HaPIP2;1, HaPIP2;2, and HaTIP1;1, were isolated from H. almeriense. A phylogenetic analysis of deduced proteins confirmed that they belong to the water channel proteins family. The HaPIP1;1, HaPIP2;1, and HaTIP1;1 genes encode functional water channel proteins, as indicated by expression assays in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, showing divergent roles in the transport of water, CO2, and NH3. The expression patterns of the genes isolated from H. almeriense and of a previously described gene from Terfezia claveryi (TcAQP1) were analyzed in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants cultivated under well-watered or drought-stress conditions. Some of the studied aquaporins were subjected to fine-tuned expression only under drought-stress conditions. A beneficial effect on plant physiological parameters was observed in mycorrhizal plants with respect to nonmycorrhizal ones. Moreover, stress induced a change in the mycorrhizal type formed, which was more intracellular under drought stress. The combination of a high intracellular colonization, together with the fine-tuned expression of aquaporins could result in a morphophysiological adaptation of this symbiosis to drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Navarro-Ródenas
- Departamento Biología Vegetal Botánica, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Berruti A, Borriello R, Lumini E, Scariot V, Bianciotto V, Balestrini R. Application of laser microdissection to identify the mycorrhizal fungi that establish arbuscules inside root cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:135. [PMID: 23675380 PMCID: PMC3648770 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Obligate symbiotic fungi that form arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMF; belonging to the Glomeromycota phylum) are some of the most important soil microorganisms. AMFs facilitate mineral nutrient uptake from the soil, in exchange for plant-assimilated carbon, and promote water-stress tolerance and resistance to certain diseases. AMFs colonize the root by producing inter- and intra-cellular hyphae. When the fungus penetrates the inner cortical cells, it produces a complex ramified structure called arbuscule, which is considered the preferential site for nutrient exchange. Direct DNA extraction from the whole root and sequencing of ribosomal gene regions are commonly carried out to investigate intraradical AMF communities. Nevertheless, this protocol cannot discriminate between the AMFs that actively produce arbuscules and those that do not. To solve this issue, the authors have characterized the AMF community of arbusculated cells (AC) through a laser microdissection (LMD) approach, combined with sequencing-based taxa identification. The results were then compared with the AMF community that was found from whole root DNA extraction. The AMF communities originating from the LMD samples and the whole root samples differed remarkably. Five taxa were involved in the production of arbuscules, while two taxa were retrieved inside the root but not in the AC. Unexpectedly, one taxon was found in the AC, but its detection was not possible when extracting from the whole root. Thus, the LMD technique can be considered a powerful tool to obtain more precise knowledge on the symbiotically active intraradical AMF community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Berruti
- National Research Council, Plant Protection Institute - Turin UOSTorino, Italy
| | - Roberto Borriello
- National Research Council, Plant Protection Institute - Turin UOSTorino, Italy
| | - Erica Lumini
- National Research Council, Plant Protection Institute - Turin UOSTorino, Italy
| | - Valentina Scariot
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
| | - Valeria Bianciotto
- National Research Council, Plant Protection Institute - Turin UOSTorino, Italy
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