1
|
Merrill RM, Gibbons IS. Inequality in Female Breast Cancer Relative Survival Rates between White and Black Women in the United States. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02079-w. [PMID: 38961004 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the difference in 3-, 5-, and 10-year relative survival rates (RSRs) for female breast cancer between White and Black patients across the levels of year, tumor stage, age, and marital status at diagnosis. Confounding factors and effect modifiers were considered. METHODS Analyses were based on 17 population-based tumor registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cases were diagnosed in 2000-2017 and followed through 2020. RESULTS Three-, 5-, and 10-year female breast cancer RSRs significantly improved for White and Black patients during the years 2000-2020, more so for Blacks than Whites. Three-, 5-, and 10-year estimated annual percent changes in trends were 0.09%, 0.16%, and 0.29% for Whites and 0.36%, 0.49%, and 0.86% for Blacks, respectively. However, a large difference in RSRs for White and Black patients persists, 4.2% for three-year RSRs, 5.7% for five-year RSRs, and 7.5% for 10-year RSRs, after adjusting for year, tumor stage, age, and marital status at diagnosis. The difference in RSRs between White and Black patients differs by tumor stage at diagnosis. For example, higher five-year RSRs in Whites than Blacks were 2.6% for local, 9.3% for regional, 10.4% for distant, and 6.2% for unknown/unstaged tumors at diagnosis. CONCLUSION Improvement in 3-, 5-, and 10-year female breast cancer RSRs occurred for both White and Black patients, albeit more so for Blacks. Yet the poorer RSRs for Blacks remain large and significant, increasingly so with later staged disease at diagnosis and as we move from 3- to 5- to 10-year RSRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ray M Merrill
- Department of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, 2063 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Ian S Gibbons
- Department of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, 2063 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Health-Related Quality of Life After the Diagnosis of Locally Advanced or Advanced Prostate Cancer. Cancer Nurs 2017; 40:412-419. [DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
3
|
Liu Y, Zhang J, Huang R, Feng WL, Kong YN, Xu F, Zhao L, Song QK, Li J, Zhang BN, Fan JH, Qiao YL, Xie XM, Zheng S, He JJ, Wang K. Influence of occupation and education level on breast cancer stage at diagnosis, and treatment options in China: A nationwide, multicenter 10-year epidemiological study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6641. [PMID: 28403116 PMCID: PMC5403113 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of occupation and education level of Chinese female breast cancer patients on their cancer staging at diagnosis, clinical and pathological features, rate of implementation, and selection of treatment.The medical charts of 4211 confirmed female breast cancer cases diagnosed between 1999 and 2008, from 7 breast cancer centers spread across the whole of China, were reviewed. Data including information on the patient's sociodemographic status, clinical and pathological characteristics, implementation of clinical examination and treatment modalities were analyzed. In parallel, the associations between different occupations and level of educational attainment were analyzed in relation to tumor stage through TNM staging, clinical and pathological characteristics, implementation of clinical examination, and treatment patterns. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify whether the occupation and education level of patients are independent factors of TNM staging at diagnosis.There were significant differences among different occupation groups and the education level of patients in regards to pathological characteristics and treatment choice. Both the occupation and education level of patients were independent factors of TNM staging at diagnosis. For patients within the lower-income occupation or lower educational attainment group, the tumor stage was later, the rates of implementation of relevant investigations were lower, as were the rates of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy.This study suggests that strategies should work toward developing more accurate and effective breast cancer prevention and treatment strategies aimed specifically at patients with lower educational attainment levels and at specific occupation groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
- Department of Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Wei-Liang Feng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou
| | - Ya-Nan Kong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Breast-thyroid Surgery, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang
| | - Qing-Kun Song
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Bao-Ning Zhang
- Center of Breast Disease, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun He
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mervin MC, Lowe A, Gardiner RA, Smith DP, Aitken J, Chambers SK, Gordon LG. What does it cost Medicare to diagnose and treat men with localized prostate cancer in the first year? Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 13:152-159. [PMID: 28303657 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate costs on the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) attributable to the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. METHODS We used data from a cohort study of 1064 men with localized prostate cancer recruited between 2005 and 2007 by 24 urologists across 10 sites in Queensland, Australia (ProsCan). We estimated the MBS and PBS costs attributable to prostate cancer from the date of initial appointment to 12 months after diagnosis in 2013 Australian dollars using a comparison group without prostate cancer. We used generalized linear modeling to identify key determinants of higher treatment-related costs. RESULTS From the date of initial appointment to 12 months postdiagnosis, the average MBS costs attributable to prostate cancer were $9,357 (SD $191) per patient. These MBS costs were most sensitive to having private health insurance and the type of primary treatment received. The PBS costs were higher in the control group than in the ProsCan group ($5,641 vs $1,924). CONCLUSIONS The costs of treating and managing prostate cancer are high and these result in a substantial financial burden for the Australian MBS. Costs attributable to prostate cancer appear to vary widely based on initial treatment and these are likely to increase with the introduction of more expensive services and pharmaceuticals. There is a pressing need for better prognostic tools to distinguish between indolent and aggressive prostate tumors to reduce potential over treatment and help ease the burden of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merehau C Mervin
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Anthony Lowe
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert A Gardiner
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David P Smith
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Council New South Wales, Woolloomooloo, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne Aitken
- Cancer Council Queensland, Spring Hill, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Suzanne K Chambers
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.,Cancer Council Queensland, Spring Hill, Brisbane, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keller A, Gericke C, Whitty JA, Yaxley J, Kua B, Coughlin G, Gianduzzo T. A Cost-Utility Analysis of Prostate Cancer Screening in Australia. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2017; 15:95-111. [PMID: 27757918 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-016-0278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Göteborg randomised population-based prostate cancer screening trial demonstrated that prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening reduces prostate cancer deaths compared with an age-matched control group. Utilising the prostate cancer detection rates from this study, we investigated the clinical and cost effectiveness of a similar PSA-based screening strategy for an Australian population of men aged 50-69 years. METHODS A decision model that incorporated Markov processes was developed from a health system perspective. The base-case scenario compared a population-based screening programme with current opportunistic screening practices. Costs, utility values, treatment patterns and background mortality rates were derived from Australian data. All costs were adjusted to reflect July 2015 Australian dollars (A$). An alternative scenario compared systematic with opportunistic screening but with optimisation of active surveillance (AS) uptake in both groups. A discount rate of 5 % for costs and benefits was utilised. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the effect of variable uncertainty on model outcomes. RESULTS Our model very closely replicated the number of deaths from both prostate cancer and background mortality in the Göteborg study. The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) for PSA screening was A$147,528. However, for years of life gained (LYGs), PSA-based screening (A$45,890/LYG) appeared more favourable. Our alternative scenario with optimised AS improved cost utility to A$45,881/QALY, with screening becoming cost effective at a 92 % AS uptake rate. Both modelled scenarios were most sensitive to the utility of patients before and after intervention, and the discount rate used. CONCLUSION PSA-based screening is not cost effective compared with Australia's assumed willingness-to-pay threshold of A$50,000/QALY. It appears more cost effective if LYGs are used as the relevant outcome, and is more cost effective than the established Australian breast cancer screening programme on this basis. Optimised utilisation of AS increases the cost effectiveness of prostate cancer screening dramatically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Keller
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Wesley Research Institute, The Wesley Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Christian Gericke
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Wesley Research Institute, The Wesley Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - John Yaxley
- The Wesley Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Boon Kua
- The Wesley Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Troy Gianduzzo
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The Wesley Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chambers SK, Ng SK, Baade P, Aitken JF, Hyde MK, Wittert G, Frydenberg M, Dunn J. Trajectories of quality of life, life satisfaction, and psychological adjustment after prostate cancer. Psychooncology 2017; 26:1576-1585. [PMID: 27943512 PMCID: PMC5655930 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background To describe trajectories of health‐related quality of life (QoL), life satisfaction, and psychological adjustment for men with prostate cancer over the medium to long term and identify predictors of poorer outcomes using growth mixture models. Methods One‐thousand sixty‐four (82.4% response) men diagnosed with prostate cancer were recruited close to diagnosis and assessed over a 72‐month (6‐year) period with self‐report assessment of health‐related QoL, life satisfaction, cancer‐related distress, and prostate specific antigen anxiety. Urinary, bowel, and sexual function were also assessed using validated questionnaires. Results Poorer physical QOL was predicted by older age, lower education, lower income, comorbidities, and receiving hormone therapy. Lower life satisfaction was related to younger age, lower income, not being partnered, and comorbidities. Poorer psychological trajectories were predicted by younger age, lower income, comorbidities, and receiving radical prostatectomy or brachytherapy. Better urinary, bowel, and sexual function were related to better global outcomes over time. Anxiety about prostate specific antigen testing was rare. Conclusions Distinct trajectories exist for medium‐ to long‐term QoL, life satisfaction, and psychological adjustment after prostate cancer; with age and socioeconomic deprivation playing a differential role in men's survivorship profile and the impact of functional status on outcomes increasing over time. These results reinforce the need for an appraisal of men's life course in addition to treatment side effects when planning survivorship care after cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne K Chambers
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Shu Kay Ng
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Baade
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joanne F Aitken
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Melissa K Hyde
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gary Wittert
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark Frydenberg
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeff Dunn
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Clark PJ, Stuart KA, Leggett BA, Crawford DH, Boyd P, Fawcett J, Whiteman DC, Baade PD. Remoteness, race and social disadvantage: disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence and survival in Queensland, Australia. Liver Int 2015; 35:2584-94. [PMID: 25900432 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing globally, but varies between countries and regions. To target scarce resources to most need, clinical services must be informed by regional epidemiology. Using population-based data, we sought to document the incidence and mortality of HCC in Queensland, Australia, a state occupying a vast land area with diverse at-risk subpopulations. METHODS Using population-based data from 1996 to 2011, the age-standardised incidence rate (ASR), annual percentage change (APC) and survival of HCC in Queensland were assessed with negative binomial regression, Kaplan-Meier and Cox survival analysis. Spatial patterns of HCC incidence and survival and relevant predictors were mapped. RESULTS Thousand six hundred and twenty HCCs were diagnosed during this study period, with an overall ASR of 2.00-cases/1000 population. ASR increased by 3.5% per year, (95% CI: 2.1 to 5.0), P < 0.001) among males to 5.6/100,000 in 2011 and a non-significant increase of 2.6% per year, (95% CI = -0.7 to 6.0), P = 0.111) among females to 1.6/100,000 in 2011. Higher incidence was associated with male gender, older age, major city residence and proportionally higher area Indigenous population. Thousand and two hundred and eighty-seven patients died. Median survival was approximately 10 months. Five-year survival improved from 18% in 1996-2000 to 24% in 2006-2011 (P < 0.001). Poorer survival was associated with older age, less recent period of diagnosis, lower hepatitis B prevalence in country of origin and greater area-level social disadvantage. CONCLUSIONS Over this study period, HCC incidence increased significantly. HCC survival improved but remains poor. Social determinants are critical to HCC epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Clark
- Cancer Control Unit, QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Katherine A Stuart
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Barbara A Leggett
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Peter Boyd
- Cairns Base Hospital, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Jonathan Fawcett
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control Unit, QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Peter D Baade
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Epidemiology, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alexander KE, Chambers S, Spurdle AB, Batra J, Lose F, O'Mara TA, Gardiner RA, Aitken JF, Clements JA, Kedda MA, Janda M. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in growth factor genes and quality of life in men with prostate cancer and the general population. Qual Life Res 2015; 24:2183-93. [PMID: 25724697 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-0950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Improved survival for men with prostate cancer has led to increased attention to factors influencing quality of life (QOL). As protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) have been reported to be associated with QOL in people with cancer, we sought to identify whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these genes were associated with QOL in men with prostate cancer. METHODS Multiple linear regression of two data sets (including approximately 750 men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer and 550 men from the general population) was used to investigate SNPs of VEGF and IGF-1 (10 SNPs in total) for associations with QOL (measured by the SF-36v2 health survey). RESULTS Men with prostate cancer who carried the minor 'T' allele for IGF-1 SNP rs35767 had higher mean Role-Physical scale scores (≥0.3 SD) compared to non-carriers (p < 0.05). While this association was not identified in men from the general population, one IGF-1 SNP rs7965399 was associated with higher mean Bodily Pain scale scores in men from the general population that was not found in men with prostate cancer. Men from the general population who carried the rare 'C' allele had higher mean Bodily Pain scale scores (≥0.3 SD) than non-carriers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Through identifying SNPs that are associated with QOL in men with prostate cancer and men from the general population, this study adds to the mapping of complex interrelationships that influence QOL and suggests a role for IGF-I in physical QOL outcomes. Future research may identify biomarkers associated with increased risk of poor QOL that could assist in the provision of pre-emptive support for those identified at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Alexander
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lose F, Batra J, O'Mara T, Fahey P, Marquart L, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Al Olama AA, Kote-Jarai Z, Guy M, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Rahman AA, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Chambers S, Gardiner RA, Aitken JF, Yaxley J, Alexander K, Clements JA, Spurdle AB, Kedda MA. Common variation in Kallikrein genes KLK5, KLK6, KLK12, and KLK13 and risk of prostate cancer and tumor aggressiveness. Urol Oncol 2013; 31:635-43. [PMID: 21741862 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The human tissue Kallikrein family consists of 15 genes with the majority shown to be differentially expressed in cancers and/or indicators of cancer prognosis. We sought to elucidate the role of common genetic variation in four of the Kallikrein genes, KLK5, KLK6, KLK12, and KLK13, in prostate cancer risk and tumor aggressiveness. Genotyping of all 22 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in the KLK5, KLK6, KLK12, and KLK13 genes was performed in approximately 1,000 prostate cancer cases and 1,300 male controls from Australia. Data from any positive results were also accessed for 1,844 cases and 1,886 controls from a previously published prostate cancer genome-wide association study set from the United Kingdom. For one SNP in KLK12, rs3865443, there was evidence for association with prostate cancer risk of similar direction and magnitude in the replication set to that seen in the Australian cohort. We conducted genotyping of a further 309 prostate cancer cases, and combined analyses revealed an increased risk of prostate cancer for carriers of the rare homozygous genotype for rs3865443 (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04-1.57; P = 0.018). No other tagSNPs in the KLK5, KLK6, and KLK13 genes were consistently associated with prostate cancer risk or tumor aggressiveness. Analysis of a combined sample of 3,153 cases and 3,199 controls revealed the KLK12 tagSNP rs3865443 to be marginally statistically significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer. Considering the total number of SNPs investigated in this study, this finding should be interpreted cautiously and requires additional validation from very large datasets such as those of the Prostate Cancer Association group to investigate cancer associated alterations (PRACTICAL) Consortium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Lose
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology group, Genetics and Population Health Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baade PD, Youlden DR, Gardiner RA, Ferguson M, Aitken JF, Yaxley J, Chambers SK. Factors associated with treatment received by men diagnosed with prostate cancer in Queensland, Australia. BJU Int 2012; 110:E712-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.011533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
11
|
Lose F, Srinivasan S, O’Mara T, Marquart L, Chambers S, Gardiner RA, Aitken JF, Spurdle AB, Batra J, Clements JA. Genetic association of the KLK4 locus with risk of prostate cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44520. [PMID: 22970239 PMCID: PMC3435290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kallikrein-related peptidase, KLK4, has been shown to be significantly overexpressed in prostate tumours in numerous studies and is suggested to be a potential biomarker for prostate cancer. KLK4 may also play a role in prostate cancer progression through its involvement in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a more aggressive phenotype, and metastases to bone. It is well known that genetic variation has the potential to affect gene expression and/or various protein characteristics and hence we sought to investigate the possible role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the KLK4 gene in prostate cancer. Assessment of 61 SNPs in the KLK4 locus (± 10 kb) in approximately 1300 prostate cancer cases and 1300 male controls for associations with prostate cancer risk and/or prostate tumour aggressiveness (Gleason score <7 versus ≥ 7) revealed 7 SNPs to be associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer at the P(trend)<0.05 significance level. Three of these SNPs, rs268923, rs56112930 and the HapMap tagSNP rs7248321, are located several kb upstream of KLK4; rs1654551 encodes a non-synonymous serine to alanine substitution at position 22 of the long isoform of the KLK4 protein, and the remaining 3 risk-associated SNPs, rs1701927, rs1090649 and rs806019, are located downstream of KLK4 and are in high linkage disequilibrium with each other (r(2) ≥ 0.98). Our findings provide suggestive evidence of a role for genetic variation in the KLK4 locus in prostate cancer predisposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Lose
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Group, Genetics and Population Health Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tracy O’Mara
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Group, Genetics and Population Health Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louise Marquart
- Statistics Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suzanne Chambers
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Viertel Centre for Cancer Research, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert A. Gardiner
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne F. Aitken
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Viertel Centre for Cancer Research, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda B. Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Group, Genetics and Population Health Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Group, Genetics and Population Health Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McDowell ME, Occhipinti S, Gardiner RA, Chambers SK. Patterns of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in Australian men: the influence of family history. BJU Int 2012; 109 Suppl 3:64-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Factors associated with diagnostic and treatment intervals for prostate cancer in Queensland, Australia: a large cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:625-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
14
|
Batra J, Lose F, Chambers S, Gardiner RA, Aitken J, Yaxley J, Clements JA, Spurdle AB. A replication study examining novel common single nucleotide polymorphisms identified through a prostate cancer genome-wide association study in a Japanese population. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174:1391-5. [PMID: 22085625 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Five novel prostate cancer risk loci were identified in a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Japanese persons (Takata et al., Nat Genet. 2010;42(9):751-754). Those authors proposed that apart from population-specific linkage disequilibrium patterns, limitations of GWAS single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) prioritization and/or study design could explain the lack of identification of these loci in GWAS previously conducted among Caucasians. Thus, the authors undertook a replication study in 1,357 prostate cancer patients and 1,403 healthy Australian males of European descent (2004-2008). The rs12653946 SNP at 5p15 was found to be significantly associated with prostate cancer risk (odds ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.34; P = 0.002). On the basis of linkage disequilibrium calculations, the rs12653946 SNP represents an independent locus, distinct from the previously identified TERT-CLPTM1L cancer nexus region. Further, analysis from AceView (Thierry-Mieg and Thierry-Mieg, Genome Biol. 2006;7(suppl 1):S12) indicated that rs12653946 falls within the intron of a testis-expressed gene strongly predicted to translate a conceptual 8.1-kilodalton protein named tojy.aApr07. The authors' findings suggest that follow-up of apparently ethnicity-specific risk associations are warranted in order to highlight risk-associated loci for experimental studies and for incorporation into future risk prediction models for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Batra
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Association between Prostinogen (KLK15) genetic variants and prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness in Australia and a meta-analysis of GWAS data. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26527. [PMID: 22132073 PMCID: PMC3223160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kallikrein 15 (KLK15)/Prostinogen is a plausible candidate for prostate cancer susceptibility. Elevated KLK15 expression has been reported in prostate cancer and it has been described as an unfavorable prognostic marker for the disease. OBJECTIVES We performed a comprehensive analysis of association of variants in the KLK15 gene with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness by genotyping tagSNPs, as well as putative functional SNPs identified by extensive bioinformatics analysis. METHODS AND DATA SOURCES: Twelve out of 22 SNPs, selected on the basis of linkage disequilibrium pattern, were analyzed in an Australian sample of 1,011 histologically verified prostate cancer cases and 1,405 ethnically matched controls. Replication was sought from two existing genome wide association studies (GWAS): the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) project and a UK GWAS study. RESULTS Two KLK15 SNPs, rs2659053 and rs3745522, showed evidence of association (p<0.05) but were not present on the GWAS platforms. KLK15 SNP rs2659056 was found to be associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness and showed evidence of association in a replication cohort of 5,051 patients from the UK, Australia, and the CGEMS dataset of US samples. A highly significant association with Gleason score was observed when the data was combined from these three studies with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 0.85 (95% CI = 0.77-0.93; p = 2.7×10(-4)). The rs2659056 SNP is predicted to alter binding of the RORalpha transcription factor, which has a role in the control of cell growth and differentiation and has been suggested to control the metastatic behavior of prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a role for KLK15 genetic variation in the etiology of prostate cancer among men of European ancestry, although further studies in very large sample sets are necessary to confirm effect sizes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Maliski SL, Connor SE, Oduro C, Litwin MS. Access to health care and quality of life for underserved men with prostate cancer. Semin Oncol Nurs 2011; 27:267-77. [PMID: 22018406 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore links between access to care and quality of life for underserved men with prostate cancer through a literature review. DATA SOURCES Articles published from 2000 to present based on a PubMed search using the key words access, quality of life, health care access, underserved, low-income, health literacy, and prostate cancer. CONCLUSION There is not one reason that adequately explains factors affecting access, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), or the potential relationships between the two for underserved men with prostate cancer. Socioeconomic factors contribute to accessibility and HRQOL, but not consistently, suggesting that there is still much work to be done in identifying factors and relationships that connect access to care and HRQOL for underserved men with prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Particularly important is to develop intervention strategies to address the disparities in access to care and prostate cancer treatment outcomes (including HRQOL) for this vulnerable population. Based on findings from studies, nurses need to be actively involved in the development and implementation of programs that address multiple barriers including socioeconomic status, minority status, health literacy, insurance, and language.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Maliski
- UCLA School of Nursing, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baade PD, Youlden DR, Coory MD, Gardiner RA, Chambers SK. Urban-rural differences in prostate cancer outcomes in Australia: what has changed? Med J Aust 2011; 194:293-6. [PMID: 21426283 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb02977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To update our previous analysis of trends for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, prostate cancer incidence, radical prostatectomy and prostate cancer mortality to assess whether men in rural and regional areas of Australia now have more equitable access to prostate cancer services, and improved outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Descriptive study using population-based data for Australian men aged 50-79 years from 1982 to the 2008-09 financial year (depending on data availability for each outcome measure). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age-standardised rates per 100,000 men and 5-year survival rates. RESULTS Overall, rates of PSA screening and radical prostatectomy increased, accompanied by reductions in mortality and improvements in survival throughout Australia. Incidence rates were similar for men in urban and rural areas. However, in the last year of data collection, for men in rural areas compared with urban areas, rates of PSA screening (21,267/100,000 v 24,606/100,000; P < 0.01) and radical prostatectomy (182.2/100,000 v 239.2/100,000; P < 0.01) remained lower, mortality remained higher (56.9/100,000 v 45.8/100,000; P < 0.01), and survival outcomes continued to be poorer (5-year relative survival, 87.7% v 91.4%; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS With some limitations, these ecological data demonstrate that the use of diagnostic and treatment services among men living in rural areas of Australia remains lower than among their urban counterparts, their survival and mortality outcomes are poorer, and these differentials are continuing. There is an urgent need to explore further the reasons for these differences and to implement changes so these inequalities can be reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Baade
- Viertel Centre for Research in Cancer Control, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|