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Mansouri P, Mansouri P, Behmard E, Najafipour S, Kouhpayeh SA, Farjadfar A. Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD): A promising target for chronic diseases treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:134576. [PMID: 39127273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In 1958, the presence of citrulline in the structure of the proteins was discovered for the first time. Several years later they found that Arginine converted to citrulline during a post-translational modification process by PAD enzyme. Each PAD is expressed in a certain tissue developing a series of diseases such as inflammation and cancers. Among these, PAD2 and PAD4 play a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by producing citrullinated autoantigens and increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines. PAD4 is also associated with the formation of NET structures and thrombosis. In the crystallographic structure, PAD has several calcium binding sites, and the active site of the enzyme consists of different amino acids. Various PAD inhibitors have been developed divided into pan-PAD and selective PAD inhibitors. F-amidine, Cl-amidine, and BB-Cl-amidine are some of pan-PAD inhibitors. AFM-30a and JBI589 are selective for PAD2 and PAD4, respectively. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of existing inhibitors more accurately in the coming years, as well as design and production of novel inhibitors targeting highly specific isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Mansouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Pardis Mansouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Behmard
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Sohrab Najafipour
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Seyed Amin Kouhpayeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Akbar Farjadfar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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2
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Romero-Pérez I, Díaz-Rodríguez E, Sánchez-Díaz L, Montero JC, Pandiella A. Peptidylarginine deiminase 3 modulates response to neratinib in HER2 positive breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2024; 13:30. [PMID: 39097594 PMCID: PMC11297914 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-024-00531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neratinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is used for the therapy of patients with HER2+ breast tumors. However, despite its clinical benefit, resistance to the drug may arise. Here we have created cellular models of neratinib resistance to investigate the mechanisms underlying such resistance. Chronic neratinib exposure of BT474 human HER2+ breast cancer cells resulted in the selection of several clones resistant to the antiproliferative action of the drug. The clones were characterized biochemically and biologically using a variety of techniques. These clones retained HER2 levels similar to parental cells. Knockdown experiments showed that the neratinib-resistant clones retained oncogenic dependence on HER2. Moreover, the tyrosine phosphorylation status of BT474 and the resistant clones was equally sensitive to neratinib. Transcriptomic and Western analyses showed that peptidylarginine deiminase 3 was overexpressed in the three neratinib-resistant clones studied but was undetectable in BT474 cells. Experiments performed in the neratinib-resistant clones showed that reduction of PADI3 or inhibition of its function restored sensitivity to the antiproliferative action of neratinib. Moreover, overexpression of FLAG-tagged PADI3 in BT474 cells provoked resistance to the antiproliferative action of neratinib. Together, these results uncover a role of PADI3 in the regulation of sensitivity to neratinib in breast cancer cells overexpressing HER2 and open the possibility of using PADI3 inhibitors to fight resistance to neratinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Romero-Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer. CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Díaz-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer. CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer. CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer. CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathologic Anatomy and IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer. CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
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Albano C, Biolatti M, Mazibrada J, Pasquero S, Gugliesi F, Lo Cigno I, Calati F, Bajetto G, Riva G, Griffante G, Landolfo S, Gariglio M, De Andrea M, Dell’Oste V. PAD-mediated citrullination is a novel candidate diagnostic marker and druggable target for HPV-associated cervical cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1359367. [PMID: 38529474 PMCID: PMC10961408 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1359367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Citrullination is an emerging post-translational modification catalyzed by peptidyl-arginine deiminases (PADs) that convert peptidyl-arginine into peptidyl-citrulline. In humans, the PAD family consists of five isozymes (PADs 1-4, 6) involved in multiple diseases, including cancer. Given that high-risk (hr) human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the etiological agents of cervical cancer, in this study, we sought to determine whether PAD-mediated protein citrullination would play a functional role in the HPV-driven transformation of epithelial cells. Here we show that both total protein citrullination and PAD4 expression levels are significantly associated with cervical cancer progression. Specifically, epithelial immunostaining for PAD4 revealed an increasingly higher histoscore from low-grade (CIN1) to high-grade (CIN2, CIN3) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lesions, raising the attractive possibility that PAD4 may be used as tumor staging markers. Furthermore, taking advantage of the epidermoid cervical cancer cell line CaSki, which harbors multiple copies of the integrated HPV16 genome, we show that the expression of E6 and E7 HPV oncoproteins is impaired by treatment with the pharmacological pan-PAD inhibitor BB-Cl-amidine. Consistently, p53 and p21, two targets of HPV oncoproteins, are upregulated by the PAD inhibitor, which undergoes cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Altogether, these findings highlight a novel mechanism by which hrHPVs alter host regulatory pathways involved in cell cycle and survival to gain viral fitness, raising the possibility that PADs may represent an attractive target for developing novel host-targeting antivirals effective in preventing cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Albano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Biolatti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jasenka Mazibrada
- Department of Cellular Pathology, The Cotman Centre Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Selina Pasquero
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Gugliesi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Lo Cigno
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Calati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Greta Bajetto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gloria Griffante
- IIGM Foundation – Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco De Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Dell’Oste
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Nava-Quiroz KJ, López-Flores LA, Pérez-Rubio G, Rojas-Serrano J, Falfán-Valencia R. Peptidyl Arginine Deiminases in Chronic Diseases: A Focus on Rheumatoid Arthritis and Interstitial Lung Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2829. [PMID: 38132149 PMCID: PMC10741699 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein citrullination is accomplished by a broad enzyme family named Peptidyl Arginine Deiminases (PADs), which makes this post-translational modification in many proteins that perform physiological and pathologic mechanisms in the body. Due to these modifications, citrullination has become a significant topic in the study of pathological processes. It has been related to some chronic and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), interstitial lung diseases (ILD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and certain types of cancer, among others. Antibody production against different targets, including filaggrin, vimentin, and collagen, results in an immune response if they are citrullinated, which triggers a continuous inflammatory process characteristic of autoimmune and certain chronic diseases. PAD coding genes (PADI1 to PADI4 and PADI6) harbor variations that can be important in these enzymes' folding, activity, function, and half-life. However, few studies have considered these genetic factors in the context of chronic diseases. Exploring PAD pathways and their role in autoimmune and chronic diseases is a major topic in developing new pharmacological targets and valuable biomarkers to improve diagnosis and prevention. The present review addresses and highlights genetic, molecular, biochemical, and physiopathological factors where PAD enzymes perform a major role in autoimmune and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol J. Nava-Quiroz
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (K.J.N.-Q.); (G.P.-R.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas Odontológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis A. López-Flores
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (K.J.N.-Q.); (G.P.-R.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas Odontológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Gloria Pérez-Rubio
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (K.J.N.-Q.); (G.P.-R.)
| | - Jorge Rojas-Serrano
- Rheumatology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (K.J.N.-Q.); (G.P.-R.)
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5
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Harada K, Carr SM, Shrestha A, La Thangue NB. Citrullination and the protein code: crosstalk between post-translational modifications in cancer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220243. [PMID: 37778382 PMCID: PMC10542456 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are central to epigenetic regulation and cellular signalling, playing an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases. Growing evidence indicates that protein arginine citrullination, catalysed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), is involved in many aspects of molecular and cell biology and is emerging as a potential druggable target in multiple diseases including cancer. However, we are only just beginning to understand the molecular activities of PADs, and their underlying mechanistic details in vivo under both physiological and pathological conditions. Many questions still remain regarding the dynamic cellular functions of citrullination and its interplay with other types of PTMs. This review, therefore, discusses the known functions of PADs with a focus on cancer biology, highlighting the cross-talk between citrullination and other types of PTMs, and how this interplay regulates downstream biological events. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'The virtues and vices of protein citrullination'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyo Harada
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Simon M. Carr
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Amit Shrestha
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nicholas B. La Thangue
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Lin HY, Yu CC, Chi CL, Wei CK, Yin WY, Tseng CE, Li SC. Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type 2 Predicts Tumor Progression and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Curatively Resected Biliary Tract Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4131. [PMID: 37627159 PMCID: PMC10452823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: PADI2 is a post-translational modification (PTM) enzyme that catalyzes citrullination, which then triggers autoimmune disease and cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) protein expression in biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients. (2) Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, the PADI2 protein expression in BTC tissues was analyzed. The correlations between PADI2 protein expression and clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed using Chi-square tests. The Kaplan-Meier procedure was used for comparing survival distributions. We used Cox proportional hazards regression for univariate and multivariate analyses. From 2014 to 2020, 30 resected BTC patients were enrolled in this study. (3) Results: Patients with high PADI2 protein expression were associated with shorter progress-free survival (PFS; p = 0.041), disease-specific survival (DSS; p = 0.025), and overall survival (OS; p = 0.017) than patients with low PADI2 protein expression. (4) Conclusions: The results indicated that PADI2 protein expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for BTC patients regarding PFS, DSS, and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Yi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian 97004, Taiwan; (C.-K.W.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-E.T.)
| | - Chih-Chia Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Lin Chi
- Department of Pathology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61303, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Kuo Wei
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian 97004, Taiwan; (C.-K.W.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-E.T.)
- Department of General Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yao Yin
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian 97004, Taiwan; (C.-K.W.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-E.T.)
- Metabolic Surgery and Allied Care Center, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Chih-En Tseng
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian 97004, Taiwan; (C.-K.W.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-E.T.)
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chin Li
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian 97004, Taiwan; (C.-K.W.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-E.T.)
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
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Tillotson J, Aryal B, Lai L, Beaver JA, Rao VA. Differential Protein Citrullination in Human ER- and ER+ Tumor and Adjacent Healthy Breast Tissue. Biochemistry 2023; 62:893-898. [PMID: 36757899 PMCID: PMC9948284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of arginine to citrulline is catalyzed by members of the peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) family. Dysregulation of this catalysis is a significant driver of the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases, including cancer. However, dysregulation of PAD activity has not been examined in breast cancer with respect to hormone receptor status. In this study, we measured PAD enzyme levels using Western blotting and investigated protein citrullination using a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach in primary estrogen receptor negative (ER-) or positive (ER+) breast tumor and matched adjacent normal tissue. Our findings reveal 72 and 41 citrullinated proteins in ER- tumor and adjacent healthy tissue, respectively, where 20 of these proteins are common between the two groups. We detected 64 and 49 citrullinated proteins in ER+ tumor and adjacent healthy tissue, respectively, where 32 proteins are common. Interestingly, upon comparison of ER- and ER+ tumor tissue, only 32 citrullinated proteins are shared between the two and the rest are unique to the tumor's receptor status. Using the STRING database for protein-protein interaction network analysis, these proteins are involved in protein-folding events (i.e., heat shock proteins) in ER- samples and blood-clotting events (i.e., fibulin) in ER+ samples. Constituents of the extracellular matrix structure (i.e., collagen and fibrinogen) were found in both. Herein, we establish evidence that supports the role of this unique post-translational modification in breast cancer biology. Finally, to aid drug discovery against citrullination, we developed a liquid chromatography-ultraviolet method to measure PAD enzymatic activity and optimized glucagon-like peptide II to quantitatively measure the ability of PADs to citrullinate its substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tillotson
- Laboratory
of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research
III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation
and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Baikuntha Aryal
- Laboratory
of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research
III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation
and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Lo Lai
- Laboratory
of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research
III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation
and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Julia A. Beaver
- Oncology
Center of Excellence and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research,
Office of Oncologic Diseases, U.S. Food
and Drug Administration, Silver
Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - V. Ashutosh Rao
- Laboratory
of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research
III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation
and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States,
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Meskher H, Ragdi T, Thakur AK, Ha S, Khelfaoui I, Sathyamurthy R, Sharshir SW, Pandey AK, Saidur R, Singh P, Sharifian Jazi F, Lynch I. A Review on CNTs-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: Unique Properties and Potential Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-24. [PMID: 36724894 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2171277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), are safe, biocompatible, bioactive, and biodegradable materials, and have sparked a lot of attention due to their unique characteristics in a variety of applications, including medical and dye industries, paper manufacturing and water purification. CNTs also have a strong film-forming potential, permitting them to be widely employed in constructing sensors and biosensors. This review concentrates on the application of CNT-based nanocomposites in the production of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. It emphasizes the synthesis and optimization of CNT-based sensors for a range of applications and outlines the benefits of using CNTs for biomolecule immobilization. In addition, the use of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-CNTs in the production of electrochemical sensors is also discussed. The challenges faced by the current CNTs-based sensors, along with some the future perspectives and their future opportunities, are also briefly explained in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Meskher
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Kasdi-Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Teqwa Ragdi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Kasdi-Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Amrit Kumar Thakur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sohmyung Ha
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Issam Khelfaoui
- School of Insurance and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Ravishankar Sathyamurthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swellam W Sharshir
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - A K Pandey
- Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Services, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- CoE for Energy and Eco-sustainability Research, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahman Saidur
- Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Punit Singh
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Zhu C, Liu C, Chai Z. Role of the PADI family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases and cancers: A systematic review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1115794. [PMID: 37020554 PMCID: PMC10067674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl arginine deiminase (PADI) family is a calcium ion-dependent group of isozymes with sequence similarity that catalyze the citrullination of proteins. Histones can serve as the target substrate of PADI family isozymes, and therefore, the PADI family is involved in NETosis and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the PADI family is associated with the development of inflammatory autoimmune diseases and cancer, reproductive development, and other related diseases. In this review, we systematically discuss the role of the PADI family in the pathogenesis of various diseases based on studies from the past decade to provide a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyan Liu, ; Zhengbin Chai,
| | - Zhengbin Chai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyan Liu, ; Zhengbin Chai,
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Akhouayri L, Ostano P, Mello-Grand M, Gregnanin I, Crivelli F, Laurora S, Liscia D, Leone F, Santoro A, Mulè A, Guarino D, Maggiore C, Carlino A, Magno S, Scatolini M, Di Leone A, Masetti R, Chiorino G. Identification of a minimum number of genes to predict triple-negative breast cancer subgroups from gene expression profiles. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:70. [PMID: 36536459 PMCID: PMC9764480 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very heterogeneous disease. Several gene expression and mutation profiling approaches were used to classify it, and all converged to the identification of distinct molecular subtypes, with some overlapping across different approaches. However, a standardised tool to routinely classify TNBC in the clinics and guide personalised treatment is lacking. We aimed at defining a specific gene signature for each of the six TNBC subtypes proposed by Lehman et al. in 2011 (basal-like 1 (BL1); basal-like 2 (BL2); mesenchymal (M); immunomodulatory (IM); mesenchymal stem-like (MSL); and luminal androgen receptor (LAR)), to be able to accurately predict them. METHODS Lehman's TNBCtype subtyping tool was applied to RNA-sequencing data from 482 TNBC (GSE164458), and a minimal subtype-specific gene signature was defined by combining two class comparison techniques with seven attribute selection methods. Several machine learning algorithms for subtype prediction were used, and the best classifier was applied on microarray data from 72 Italian TNBC and on the TNBC subset of the BRCA-TCGA data set. RESULTS We identified two signatures with the 120 and 81 top up- and downregulated genes that define the six TNBC subtypes, with prediction accuracy ranging from 88.6 to 89.4%, and even improving after removal of the least important genes. Network analysis was used to identify highly interconnected genes within each subgroup. Two druggable matrix metalloproteinases were found in the BL1 and BL2 subsets, and several druggable targets were complementary to androgen receptor or aromatase in the LAR subset. Several secondary drug-target interactions were found among the upregulated genes in the M, IM and MSL subsets. CONCLUSIONS Our study took full advantage of available TNBC data sets to stratify samples and genes into distinct subtypes, according to gene expression profiles. The development of a data mining approach to acquire a large amount of information from several data sets has allowed us to identify a well-determined minimal number of genes that may help in the recognition of TNBC subtypes. These genes, most of which have been previously found to be associated with breast cancer, have the potential to become novel diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets for specific TNBC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Akhouayri
- grid.412148.a0000 0001 2180 2473Department of Biomedical Sciences, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II-Casablanca University, Casablanca, Morocco ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Francesca Crivelli
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy ,Clinical Research Division, “Degli Infermi” Hospital, Ponderano, BI Italy
| | - Sara Laurora
- grid.452265.2Molecular Oncology Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Daniele Liscia
- Pathology Department, “Degli Infermi” Hospital, Ponderano, BI Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Oncology Department, “Degli Infermi” Hospital, Ponderano, BI Italy
| | - Angela Santoro
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Guarino
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Maggiore
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Carlino
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Magno
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Scatolini
- grid.452265.2Molecular Oncology Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Alba Di Leone
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- grid.452265.2Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
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11
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Christensen AO, Li G, Young CH, Snow B, Khan SA, DeVore SB, Edwards S, Bouma GJ, Navratil AM, Cherrington BD, Rothfuss HM. Peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes and citrullinated proteins in female reproductive physiology and associated diseases†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1395-1410. [PMID: 36087287 PMCID: PMC10248218 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullination, the post-translational modification of arginine residues, is catalyzed by the four catalytically active peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD or PADI) isozymes and alters charge to affect target protein structure and function. PADs were initially characterized in rodent uteri and, since then, have been described in other female tissues including ovaries, breast, and the lactotrope and gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary gland. In these tissues and cells, estrogen robustly stimulates PAD expression resulting in changes in levels over the course of the female reproductive cycle. The best-characterized targets for PADs are arginine residues in histone tails, which, when citrullinated, alter chromatin structure and gene expression. Methodological advances have allowed for the identification of tissue-specific citrullinomes, which reveal that PADs citrullinate a wide range of enzymes and structural proteins to alter cell function. In contrast to their important physiological roles, PADs and citrullinated proteins are also involved in several female-specific diseases including autoimmune disorders and reproductive cancers. Herein, we review current knowledge regarding PAD expression and function and highlight the role of protein citrullination in both normal female reproductive tissues and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda O Christensen
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Guangyuan Li
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Coleman H Young
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Bryce Snow
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | | | - Stanley B DeVore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Sydney Edwards
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Amy M Navratil
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Brian D Cherrington
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Heather M Rothfuss
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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12
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Sun YN, Ma YN, Jia XQ, Yao Q, Chen JP, Li H. Inducement of ER Stress by PAD Inhibitor BB-Cl-Amidine to Effectively Kill AML Cells. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:958-965. [PMID: 36245030 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous and recurrent hematological malignancy. Despite the emergence of novel chemotherapy drugs, AML patients' complete remission (CR) remains unsatisfactory. Consequently, it is imperative to discover new therapeutic targets or medications to treat AML. Such epigenetic changes like DNA methylation and histone modification play vital roles in AML. Peptidylarginine deminase (PAD) is a protein family of histone demethylases, among which the PAD2 and PAD4 expression have been demonstrated to be elevated in AML patients, thus suggesting a potential role of PADs in the development or maintenance of AML and the potential for the identification of novel therapeutic targets. METHODS AML cells were treated in vitro with the pan-PAD inhibitor BB-Cl-Amidine (BB-Cl-A). The AML cell lines were effectively induced into apoptosis by BB-Cl-A. However, the PAD4-specific inhibitor GSK484 did not. RESULTS PAD2 played a significant role in AML. Furthermore, we found that BB-Cl-A could activate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, as evidenced by an increase in phosphorylated PERK (p-PERK) and eIF2α (p-eIF2α). As a result of the ER stress activation, the BB-Cl-A effectively induced apoptosis in the AML cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that PAD2 plays a role in ER homeostasis maintenance and apoptosis prevention. Therefore, targeting PAD2 with BB-Cl-A could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Sun
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan-Ni Ma
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Jia
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie-Ping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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13
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Sawata M, Shima H, Murayama K, Matsui T, Igarashi K, Funabashi K, Ite K, Kizawa K, Takahara H, Unno M. Autocitrullination and Changes in the Activity of Peptidylarginine Deiminase 3 Induced by High Ca 2+ Concentrations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28378-28387. [PMID: 35990454 PMCID: PMC9386831 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are enzymes that catalyze the Ca2+-dependent conversion of arginine residues into proteins to citrulline residues. Five PAD isozymes have been identified in mammals. Several studies have shown that the active-site pockets of these isozymes are formed when Ca2+ ions are properly bound. We previously characterized the structures of PAD3 in six states. Among these, we identified a "nonproductive" form of PAD3 in which the active site was disordered even though five Ca2+ ions were bound. This strange structure was probably obtained as a result of either high Ca2+ concentration (∼260 mM)-induced denaturation during the crystallization process or high Ca2+-concentration-induced autocitrullination. While autocitrullination has been reported in PAD2 and PAD4 for some time, only a single report on PAD3 has been published recently. In this study, we investigated whether PAD3 catalyzes the autocitrullination reaction and identified autocitrullination sites. In addition to the capacity of PAD3 for autocitrullination, the autocitrullination sites increased depending on the Ca2+ concentration and reaction time. These findings suggest that some of the arginine residues in the "nonproductive" form of PAD3 would be autocitrullinated. Furthermore, most of the autocitrullinated sites in PAD3 were located near the substrate-binding site. Given the high Ca2+ concentration in the crystallization condition, it is likely that Arg372 was citrullinated in the "nonproductive" PAD3 structure, the structure was slightly altered from the active form by citrulline residues, and probably inhibited Ca2+-ion binding at the proper position. Following Arg372 citrullination, PAD3 enters an inactive form; however, the Arg372-citrullinated PAD3 are considered minor components in autocitrullinated PAD3 (CitPAD3), and CitPAD3 does not significantly decrease the enzyme activity. Autocitrullination of PAD3 could not be confirmed at the low Ca2+ concentrations seen in vivo. Future experiments using cells and animals are needed to verify the effect of Ca2+ on the PAD3 structure and functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sawata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 316-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Matsui
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Funabashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 316-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Ite
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 316-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Kizawa
- Kao Corporation, Biological Science Research Laboratory, Odawara 250-0002, Japan
| | - Hidenari Takahara
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Inashiki 300-0393, Japan
- Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Naka 319-1106, Japan
| | - Masaki Unno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 316-8511, Japan
- Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Naka 319-1106, Japan
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14
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Emenike B, Nwajiobi O, Raj M. Covalent Chemical Tools for Profiling Post-Translational Modifications. Front Chem 2022; 10:868773. [PMID: 35860626 PMCID: PMC9289218 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.868773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature increases the functional diversity of the proteome through posttranslational modifications (PTMs); a process that involves the proteolytic processing or catalytic attachment of diverse functional groups onto proteins. These modifications modulate a host of biological activities and responses. Consequently, anomalous PTMs often correlate to a host of diseases, hence there is a need to detect these transformations, both qualitatively and quantitatively. One technique that has gained traction is the use of robust chemical strategies to label different PTMs. By utilizing the intrinsic chemical reactivity of the different chemical groups on the target amino acid residues, this strategy can facilitate the delineation of the overarching and inclusionary roles of these different modifications. Herein, we will discuss the current state of the art in post-translational modification analysis, with a direct focus on covalent chemical methods used for detecting them.
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15
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Choudhury RH, Symonds P, Paston SJ, Daniels I, Cook KW, Gijon M, Metheringham RL, Brentville VA, Durrant LG. PAD-2-mediated citrullination of nucleophosmin provides an effective target for tumor immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003526. [PMID: 35140112 PMCID: PMC8830261 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enzymatic conversion of arginine to citrulline is involved in gene and protein regulation and in alerting the immune system to stressed cells, including tumor cells. Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a nuclear protein that plays key roles in cellular metabolism including ribosome biogenesis, mRNA processing and chromatin remodeling and is regulated by citrullination. In this study, we explored if the same citrullinated arginines within NPM are involved in gene regulation and immune activation. METHODS HLA-DP4 and HLA-DR4 transgenic mice were immunized with 22 citrullinated NPM overlapping peptides and immune responses to the peptides were assessed by ex vivo ELISpot assays. Antitumor immunity of NPM targeted vaccination was assessed by challenging transgenic mice with B16F1 HHDII/iDP4, B16F1 HHDII/PAD2KOcDP4, B16F1 HHDII and Lewis lung carcinoma cells/cDP4 cells subcutaneously. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors were stimulated with NPM266-285cit peptides with/without CD45RO+memory cell depletion to assess if the responses in human were naïve or memory. RESULTS In contrast to NPM regulation, which is mediated by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD4) citrullination of arginine at position 197, only citrullinated NPM266-285 peptide induced a citrulline-specific CD4 T cell response in transgenic mice models expressing human HLA-DP4 or HLA-DR4. Vaccinations with the NPM266-285cit peptide stimulated antitumor responses that resulted in dramatic tumor therapy, greatly improved survival, and protected against rechallenge without further vaccination. The antitumor response was lost if MHCII expression on the tumor cells was knocked out demonstrating direct presentation of the NPM266-285cit epitope in tumors. This antitumor response was lost in B16 tumors lacking PAD2 enzyme indicating NPM266cit is citrullinated by PAD2 in this model. Assessment of the T cell repertoire in healthy individuals and patients with lung cancer also showed CD4 T cells that respond to NPM266-285cit. The proliferative CD4 responses displayed a Th1 profile as they were accompanied with increased IFNγ and granzyme B expression. Depletion of CD45RO+ memory cells prior to stimulation suggested that responses originated from a naïve population in healthy donors. CONCLUSION This study indicates PAD2 can citrullinate the nuclear antigen NPM at position 277 which can be targeted by CD4 T cells for antitumor therapy. This is distinct from PAD4 citrullination of arginine 197 within NPM which results in its transport from the nucleoli to the nucleoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lindy G Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, Nottingham, UK .,University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Scancell Ltd, Nottingham, UK
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16
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Funabashi K, Sawata M, Nagai A, Akimoto M, Mashimo R, Takahara H, Kizawa K, Thompson PR, Ite K, Kitanishi K, Unno M. Structures of human peptidylarginine deiminase type III provide insights into substrate recognition and inhibitor design. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 708:108911. [PMID: 33971157 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase type III (PAD3) is an isozyme belonging to the PAD enzyme family that converts arginine to citrulline residue(s) within proteins. PAD3 is expressed in most differentiated keratinocytes of the epidermis and hair follicles, while S100A3, trichohyalin, and filaggrin are its principal substrates. In this study, the X-ray crystal structures of PAD3 in six states, including its complex with the PAD inhibitor Cl-amidine, were determined. This structural analysis identified a large space around Gly374 in the PAD3-Ca2+-Cl-amidine complex, which may be used to develop novel PAD3-selective inhibitors. In addition, similarities between PAD3 and PAD4 were found based on the investigation of PAD4 reactivity with S100A3 in vitro. A comparison of the structures of PAD1, PAD2, PAD3, and PAD4 implied that the flexibility of the structures around the active site may lead to different substrate selectivity among these PAD isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Funabashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sawata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Anna Nagai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan; Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai Naka, Japan
| | - Megumi Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan; Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai Naka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Mashimo
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan; Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai Naka, Japan
| | - Hidenari Takahara
- Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai Naka, Japan; College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami Inashiki, Japan
| | - Kenji Kizawa
- Kao Corporation, Biological Science Research Laboratory, Odawara, Japan
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kenji Ite
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan; Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai Naka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kitanishi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan; Tokyo University of Science, Faculty of Science Division I, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Unno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan; Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai Naka, Japan.
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17
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Wang Y, Lyu Y, Tu K, Xu Q, Yang Y, Salman S, Le N, Lu H, Chen C, Zhu Y, Wang R, Liu Q, Semenza GL. Histone citrullination by PADI4 is required for HIF-dependent transcriptional responses to hypoxia and tumor vascularization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/35/eabe3771. [PMID: 34452909 PMCID: PMC8397272 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) activate transcription of target genes by recruiting coactivators and chromatin-modifying enzymes. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) catalyzes the deimination of histone arginine residues to citrulline. Here, we demonstrate that PADI4 expression is induced by hypoxia in a HIF-dependent manner in breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PADI4, in turn, is recruited by HIFs to hypoxia response elements (HREs) and is required for HIF target gene transcription. Hypoxia induces histone citrullination at HREs that is PADI4 and HIF dependent. RNA sequencing revealed that almost all HIF target genes in breast cancer cells are PADI4 dependent. PADI4 is required for breast and liver tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice. PADI4 expression is correlated with HIF-1α expression and vascularization in human breast cancer biopsies. Thus, HIF-dependent recruitment of PADI4 to target genes and local histone citrullination are required for transcriptional responses to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajing Lyu
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shaima Salman
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nguyet Le
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Haiquan Lu
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chelsey Chen
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yayun Zhu
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ru Wang
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Departments of Genetic Medicine, Pediatrics, Medicine, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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18
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Wang J, Liu D, Gu Y, Zhou H, Li H, Shen X, Qian X. Potential prognostic markers and significant lncRNA-mRNA co-expression pairs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:544-557. [PMID: 34131588 PMCID: PMC8174121 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
lncRNA-mRNA co-expression pairs and prognostic markers related to the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) were investigated. The lncRNA and mRNA expression data of LSCC in GSE84957 and RNA-seq data of 112 LSCC samples from TCGA database were used. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) between LSCC and para-cancer tissues were identified. Co-expression analysis of DEGs and DE-lncRNA was conducted. Protein-protein interaction network for co-expressed DEGs of top 25 DE-lncRNA was constructed, followed by survival analysis for key nodes in co-expression network. Finally, expressions of several DE-lncRNAs and DEGs were verified using qRT-PCR. The lncRNA-mRNA network showed that ANKRD20A5P, C21orf15, CYP4F35P, LOC_I2_011146, XLOC_006053, XLOC_I2_003881, and LOC100506027 were highlighted in network. Some DEGs, including FUT7, PADI1, PPL, ARHGAP40, MUC21, and CEACAM1, were co-expressed with above lncRNAs. Survival analysis showed that PLOD1, GLT25D1, and KIF22 were significantly associated with prognosis. qRT-PCR results showed that the expressions of MUC21, CEACAM1, FUT7, PADI1, PPL, ARHGAP40, ANKRD20A5P, C21orf15, CYP4F35P, XLOC_I2_003881, LOC_I2_011146, and XLOC_006053 were downregulated, whereas the expression of LOC100506027 was upregulated in LSCC tissues. PLOD1, GLT25D1, and KIF22 may be potential prognostic markers in the development of LSCC. C21orf15-MUC21/CEACAM1/FUT7/PADI1/PPL/ARHGAP40 are potential lncRNA-mRNA pairs that play significant roles in the development of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dingding Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yajun Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaohui Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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19
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Ji T, Ma K, Chen L, Cao T. PADI1 contributes to EMT in PAAD by activating the ERK1/2-p38 signaling pathway. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1180-1190. [PMID: 34295566 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peptidylarginine deiminase 1 (PADI1) has been reported to promote tumorigenesis in breast cancer. However, the functional role of PADI1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PAAD) has remained elusive until now. Methods The expression pattern of PADI1 in PAAD tissues and normal tissues was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. A Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of PADI1 in PAAD patients. PADI1 was knocked down in CFPAN-1 and HPAC cells, and overexpressed in PANC-1 and Bxpc-3 cells by RNA interference. A wound-healing assay was performed to analyze relative cell migration distance. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by a Transwell assay. Related protein expression levels were measured by western blot and immunofluorescence. Results The bioinformatics analysis showed that PADI1 was overexpressed in PAAD tissues and associated with a poor survival prognosis. The knockdown of PADI1 suppressed cell migration and invasion, and activated the ERK1/2-p38 signaling pathway in CFPAN-1 and HPAC cells. The overexpression of PADI1 produced the opposite results in PANC-1 and Bxpc-3 cells. Additionally, treatment with an MEK1/2 inhibitor significantly attenuated the effects of PADI1 knockdown on cell migration, invasion, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and p-ERK1/2 and p38 expression in CFPAN-1 and HPAC cells. Conclusions Our data suggested that PADI1 may function as an oncogene in regulating metastasis in vitro in PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Keqiang Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiansheng Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
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20
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Bai J, Khajavi M, Sui L, Fu H, Tarakkad Krishnaji S, Birsner AE, Bazinet L, Kamm RD, D'Amato RJ. Angiogenic responses in a 3D micro-engineered environment of primary endothelial cells and pericytes. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:111-127. [PMID: 32955682 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a key role in the pathology of diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Understanding the driving forces of endothelial cell migration and organization, as well as the time frame of these processes, can elucidate mechanisms of action of important pathological pathways. Herein, we have developed an organ-specific microfluidic platform recapitulating the in vivo angiogenic microenvironment by co-culturing mouse primary brain endothelial cells with brain pericytes in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen scaffold. As a proof of concept, we show that this model can be used for studying the angiogenic process and further comparing the angiogenic properties between two different common inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvlmJ. We further show that the newly discovered angiogenesis-regulating gene Padi2 promotes angiogenesis through Dll4/Notch1 signaling by an on-chip mechanistic study. Analysis of the interplay between primary endothelial cells and pericytes in a 3D microfluidic environment assists in the elucidation of the angiogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- The Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Mehrdad Khajavi
- The Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lufei Sui
- The Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haojie Fu
- The Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Amy E Birsner
- The Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Bazinet
- The Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert J D'Amato
- The Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Peptidylarginine Deiminase Inhibitor Application, Using Cl-Amidine, PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 Isozyme-Specific Inhibitors in Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Reveals Roles for PAD2 and PAD3 in Cancer Invasion and Modulation of Extracellular Vesicle Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031396. [PMID: 33573274 PMCID: PMC7866560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited survival rate. Roles for peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) have been studied in relation to a range of cancers with roles in epigenetic regulation (including histone modification and microRNA regulation), cancer invasion, and extracellular vesicle (EV) release. Hitherto though, knowledge on PADs in PDAC is limited. In the current study, two PDAC cell lines (Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2) were treated with pan-PAD inhibitor Cl-amidine as well as PAD2, PAD3, and PAD4 isozyme-specific inhibitors. Effects were assessed on changes in EV signatures, including EV microRNA cargo (miR-21, miR-126, and miR-221), on changes in cellular protein expression relevant for pancreatic cancer progression and invasion (moesin), for mitochondrial housekeeping (prohibitin, PHB), and gene regulation (deiminated histone H3, citH3). The two pancreatic cancer cell lines were found to predominantly express PAD2 and PAD3, which were furthermore expressed at higher levels in Panc-1, compared with MiaPaCa-2 cells. PAD2 isozyme-specific inhibitor had the strongest effects on reducing Panc-1 cell invasion capability, which was accompanied by an increase in moesin expression, which in pancreatic cancer is found to be reduced and associated with pancreatic cancer aggressiveness. Some reduction, but not significant, was also found on PHB levels while effects on histone H3 deimination were variable. EV signatures were modulated in response to PAD inhibitor treatment, with the strongest effects observed for PAD2 inhibitor, followed by PAD3 inhibitor, showing significant reduction in pro-oncogenic EV microRNA cargo (miR-21, miR-221) and increase in anti-oncogenic microRNA cargo (miR-126). While PAD2 inhibitor, followed by PAD3 inhibitor, had most effects on reducing cancer cell invasion, elevating moesin expression, and modulating EV signatures, PAD4 inhibitor had negligible effects and pan-PAD inhibitor Cl-amidine was also less effective. Compared with MiaPaCa-2 cells, stronger modulatory effects for the PAD inhibitors were observed in Panc-1 cells, which importantly also showed strong response to PAD3 inhibitor, correlating with previous observations that Panc-1 cells display neuronal/stem-like properties. Our findings report novel PAD isozyme regulatory roles in PDAC, highlighting roles for PAD isozyme-specific treatment, depending on cancer type and cancer subtypes, including in PDAC.
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22
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Terkelsen T, Pernemalm M, Gromov P, Børresen-Dale AL, Krogh A, Haakensen VD, Lethiö J, Papaleo E, Gromova I. High-throughput proteomics of breast cancer interstitial fluid: identification of tumor subtype-specific serologically relevant biomarkers. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:429-461. [PMID: 33176066 PMCID: PMC7858121 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in breast cancer (BC) research, clinicians lack robust serological protein markers for accurate diagnostics and tumor stratification. Tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) accumulates aberrantly externalized proteins within the local tumor space, which can potentially gain access to the circulatory system. As such, TIF may represent a valuable starting point for identifying relevant tumor-specific serological biomarkers. The aim of the study was to perform comprehensive proteomic profiling of TIF to identify proteins associated with BC tumor status and subtype. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of 35 TIFs of three main subtypes: luminal (19), Her2 (4), and triple-negative (TNBC) (12) resulted in the identification of > 8800 proteins. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering segregated the TIF proteome into two major clusters, luminal and TNBC/Her2 subgroups. High-grade tumors enriched with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were also stratified from low-grade tumors. A consensus analysis approach, including differential abundance analysis, selection operator regression, and random forest returned a minimal set of 24 proteins associated with BC subtypes, receptor status, and TIL scoring. Among them, a panel of 10 proteins, AGR3, BCAM, CELSR1, MIEN1, NAT1, PIP4K2B, SEC23B, THTPA, TMEM51, and ULBP2, was found to stratify the tumor subtype-specific TIFs. In particular, upregulation of BCAM and CELSR1 differentiates luminal subtypes, while upregulation of MIEN1 differentiates Her2 subtypes. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a direct correlation between protein abundance in TIFs and intratumor expression levels for all 10 proteins. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated for this protein panel by using an independent, comprehensive breast tumor proteome dataset. The results of this analysis strongly support our data, with eight of the proteins potentially representing biomarkers for stratification of BC subtypes. Five of the most representative proteomics databases currently available were also used to estimate the potential for these selected proteins to serve as putative serological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilde Terkelsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Pernemalm
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavel Gromov
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Anders Krogh
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilde D Haakensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Janne Lethiö
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Translational Disease System Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina Gromova
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hu X, Wang Z, Li L, Chen P. PADs in cancer: Current and future. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188492. [PMID: 33321174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine deiminases (PADs), is a group of calcium-dependent enzymes, which play crucial roles in citrullination, and can catalyze arginine residues into citrulline. This chemical reaction induces citrullinated proteins formation with altered structure and function, leading to numerous pathological diseases, including inflammation and autoimmune diseases. To date, multiple studies have provided solid evidence that PADs are implicated in cancer progression. Nevertheless, the findings on PADs functions in tumors are too complex to understand due to its involvements in variable signaling pathways. The increasing interest in PADs has heightened the need for a comprehensive description for its role in cancer. The present study aims to identify the gaps in present knowledge, including its structures, biological substrates and tissue distribution. Since several irreversible inhibitors for PADs with good potency and selectivity have been explored, the mechanisms on the dysregulation in tumors remain poorly understood. The present study discusses the relationship between PADs and tumor apoptosis, EMT formation and metastasis as well as the implication of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in tumorigenesis. In addition, the potential uses of citrullinated antigens for immunotherapy were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Yiqiong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China.
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24
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Liu L, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Wang T, Ma Y, Guo W. Down-regulation of PADI2 prevents proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer through inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway in vitro and in vivo, alone or in combination with Olaparib. J Transl Med 2020; 18:357. [PMID: 32951601 PMCID: PMC7504643 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal disease among female genital malignant tumors. Peptidylarginine deiminase type II(PADI II) has been shown to enhance a variety of cancers carcinogenesis, including ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological role of PADI2 in ovarian cancer (OC) and the relative mechanism. Methods Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) (https://gepia.pku.cn/) and ONCOMINE (https://www.oncomine.org/) were used to analyze PADI2 Gene Expression data. The survival curve for the PADI2 gene was generated by using the online Kaplan–Meier mapping site (https://www.kmplot.com/). We conducted MTT assay, cloning formation assay and EdU cell proliferation assay to detect the cell activity of PADI2 knockdown A2780 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells treated with Olaparib. Cell migration and invasion were observed by would healing and transwell assay. The pathway changes after the treatment of PADI2 were detected by transcriptome sequencing and western blot. The role of PADI2 combined with Olaparib treatment in vivo was studied in nude mouse model bearing ovarian cancer tumor. Results We investigated the role of PADI2 on EOC in vitro and in vivo. PADI2 was upregulated in ovarian cancer samples and high PADI2 expression was correlated with poor outcome. Downregulating PADI2 suppressed colony formation, proliferation, migration and invasion of A2780 and SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, downregulating PADI2 and Olaparib combination treatment attenuated the viability, migration and invasion of A2780 and SKOV3 cells. We identified differentially expressed genes in A2780-shPADI2 and SKOV3-shPADI2 cell by transcriptome sequencing analysis and verified that downregulating PADI2 and Olaparib combination treatment suppresses EMT and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in A2780 and SKOV3 cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Downregulation of PADI2 and Olaparib combination treatment attenuated the proliferation, migration and invasion of A2780 and SKOV3 cells by inhibiting the EMT through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Obstetrics Department, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Wang Y, Chen R, Gan Y, Ying S. The roles of PAD2- and PAD4-mediated protein citrullination catalysis in cancers. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:267-276. [PMID: 33459350 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline residues on target proteins in the presence of calcium ions. This elaborate type of posttranslational modification is termed citrullination. PADs may regulate gene transcriptional activity via histone citrullination. There has been an increasing appreciation for the roles of PADs in a wide variety of biological processes. In this review article, we summarize recent evidence indicating that PADs and citrullinated proteins are involved in several physiological and pathological processes related to cancer. Of particular interest is that PAD2 and PAD4 exhibit characteristic expression levels, activities and specific biological effects in diverse types of cancer. We also list several PAD inhibitors, propose the possible mechanisms underlying the biological actions of PAD-mediated protein citrullination in experimental models and discuss the potential therapeutic value of PADs and their inhibitors for disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Wang
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Riping Chen
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihan Gan
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shibo Ying
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Arisan ED, Uysal-Onganer P, Lange S. Putative Roles for Peptidylarginine Deiminases in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4662. [PMID: 32629995 PMCID: PMC7370447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a family of calcium-regulated enzymes that are phylogenetically conserved and cause post-translational deimination/citrullination, contributing to protein moonlighting in health and disease. PADs are implicated in a range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, in the regulation of extracellular vesicle (EV) release, and their roles in infection and immunomodulation are known to some extent, including in viral infections. In the current study we describe putative roles for PADs in COVID-19, based on in silico analysis of BioProject transcriptome data (PRJNA615032 BioProject), including lung biopsies from healthy volunteers and SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, as well as SARS-CoV-2-infected, and mock human bronchial epithelial NHBE and adenocarcinoma alveolar basal epithelial A549 cell lines. In addition, BioProject Data PRJNA631753, analysing patients tissue biopsy data (n = 5), was utilised. We report a high individual variation observed for all PADI isozymes in the patients' tissue biopsies, including lung, in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, while PADI2 and PADI4 mRNA showed most variability in lung tissue specifically. The other tissues assessed were heart, kidney, marrow, bowel, jejunum, skin and fat, which all varied with respect to mRNA levels for the different PADI isozymes. In vitro lung epithelial and adenocarcinoma alveolar cell models revealed that PADI1, PADI2 and PADI4 mRNA levels were elevated, but PADI3 and PADI6 mRNA levels were reduced in SARS-CoV-2-infected NHBE cells. In A549 cells, PADI2 mRNA was elevated, PADI3 and PADI6 mRNA was downregulated, and no effect was observed on the PADI4 or PADI6 mRNA levels in infected cells, compared with control mock cells. Our findings indicate a link between PADI expression changes, including modulation of PADI2 and PADI4, particularly in lung tissue, in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. PADI isozyme 1-6 expression in other organ biopsies also reveals putative links to COVID-19 symptoms, including vascular, cardiac and cutaneous responses, kidney injury and stroke. KEGG and GO pathway analysis furthermore identified links between PADs and inflammatory pathways, in particular between PAD4 and viral infections, as well as identifying links for PADs with a range of comorbidities. The analysis presented here highlights roles for PADs in-host responses to SARS-CoV-2, and their potential as therapeutic targets in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Damla Arisan
- Gebze Technical University, Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey;
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
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27
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Quagliano A, Gopalakrishnapillai A, Barwe SP. Understanding the Mechanisms by Which Epigenetic Modifiers Avert Therapy Resistance in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:992. [PMID: 32670880 PMCID: PMC7326773 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of resistance to anti-cancer therapeutics remains one of the core issues preventing the improvement of survival rates in cancer. Therapy resistance can arise in a multitude of ways, including the accumulation of epigenetic alterations in cancer cells. By remodeling DNA methylation patterns or modifying histone proteins during oncogenesis, cancer cells reorient their epigenomic landscapes in order to aggressively resist anti-cancer therapy. To combat these chemoresistant effects, epigenetic modifiers such as DNA hypomethylating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors, histone demethylase inhibitors, along with others have been used. While these modifiers have achieved moderate success when used either alone or in combination with one another, the most positive outcomes were achieved when they were used in conjunction with conventional anti-cancer therapies. Epigenome modifying drugs have succeeded in sensitizing cancer cells to anti-cancer therapy via a variety of mechanisms: disrupting pro-survival/anti-apoptotic signaling, restoring cell cycle control and preventing DNA damage repair, suppressing immune system evasion, regulating altered metabolism, disengaging pro-survival microenvironmental interactions and increasing protein expression for targeted therapies. In this review, we explore different mechanisms by which epigenetic modifiers induce sensitivity to anti-cancer therapies and encourage the further identification of the specific genes involved with sensitization to facilitate development of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Quagliano
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Sonali P. Barwe
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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28
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Urick ME, Bell DW. Proteomic profiling of FBXW7-mutant serous endometrial cancer cells reveals upregulation of PADI2, a potential therapeutic target. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3863-3874. [PMID: 32248654 PMCID: PMC7286459 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advancements over the past decade revealing molecular aberrations characteristic of endometrial cancer (EC) subtypes, serous ECs remain difficult to treat and associated with poor outcomes. This is due, in part, to the rarity of these tumors within clinical trials and the inability to directly target the most frequent genomic abnormalities. One of the most commonly somatically mutated genes in serous ECs is the tumor suppressor F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7). METHODS To identify changes in protein expression associated with FBXW7 mutation, we clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-edited ARK4 FBXW7 nonmutant serous EC cells to insert recurrent FBXW7 mutations. We then compared the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiles of CRISPR-edited ARK1 and ARK4 serous EC cells to matched parental cells. RESULTS Among distinct total and phosphorylated proteins that were significantly differentially expressed in FBXW7-mutant cell lines compared to matched parental lines, we identified increased PADI2 (peptidyl arginine deiminase 2) expression in all ARK1 and ARK4 CRISPR-edited FBXW7-mutant cell lines. We further confirmed the correlation between FBXW7 mutation and increased PADI2 expression in a third biological background, JHUEM-1 endometrioid EC cells. Finally, we established that PADI2 protein is expressed in primary serous endometrial tumors. CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel insight into proteomic changes associated with FBXW7 mutation in serous ECs and identify PADI2 as a novel potential therapeutic target for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Urick
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Daphne W. Bell
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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Yanar K, Atayik MC, Simsek B, Çakatay U. Novel biomarkers for the evaluation of aging-induced proteinopathies. Biogerontology 2020; 21:531-548. [PMID: 32274599 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteinopathies are characterized by aging related accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates. Irreversible covalent modifications of aging proteins may significantly affect the native three dimentional conformation of proteins, alter their function and lead to accumulation of misfolded protein as dysfunctional aggregates. Protein misfolding and accumulation of aberrant proteins are known to be associated with aging-induced proteinopathies such as amyloid ß and tau proteins in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease and islet amyloid polypeptides in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Protein oxidation processes such as S-nitrosylation, dityrosine formation and some of the newly elucidated processes such as carbamylation and citrullination recently drew the attention of researchers in the field of Gerontology. Studying over these processes and illuminating their relations between proteinopathies may help to diagnose early and even to treat age related disorders. Therefore, we have chosen to concentrate on aging-induced proteinopathic nature of these novel protein modifications in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Yanar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Can Atayik
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Simsek
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Medical Program, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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30
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Beato M, Sharma P. Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 2 (PADI2)-Mediated Arginine Citrullination Modulates Transcription in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041351. [PMID: 32079300 PMCID: PMC7072959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine deimination leading to the non-coded amino acid citrulline remains a key question in the field of post-translational modifications ever since its discovery by Rogers and Simmonds in 1958. Citrullination is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs). Initially, increased citrullination was associated with autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, as well as other neurological disorders and multiple types of cancer. During the last decade, research efforts have focused on how citrullination contributes to disease pathogenesis by modulating epigenetic events, pluripotency, immunity and transcriptional regulation. However, our knowledge regarding the functional implications of citrullination remains quite limited, so we still do not completely understand its role in physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review the recently discovered functions of PADI2-mediated citrullination of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II in transcriptional regulation in breast cancer cells and the proposed mechanisms to reshape the transcription regulatory network that promotes cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Beato
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (P.S.)
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Alghamdi M, Al Ghamdi KA, Khan RH, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. An interplay of structure and intrinsic disorder in the functionality of peptidylarginine deiminases, a family of key autoimmunity-related enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4635-4662. [PMID: 31342121 PMCID: PMC11105357 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Citrullination is a post-translation modification of proteins, where the proteinaceous arginine residues are converted to non-coded citrulline residues. The immune tolerance to such citrullinated protein can be lost, leading to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Citrullination is a chemical reaction mediated by peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes (PADs), which are a family of calcium-dependent cysteine hydrolase enzymes that includes five isotypes: PAD1, PAD2, PAD3, PAD4, and PAD6. Each PAD has specific substrates and tissue distribution, where it modifies the arginine to produce a citrullinated protein with altered structure and function. All mammalian PADs have a sequence similarity of about 70-95%, whereas in humans, they are 50-55% homologous in their structure and amino acid sequences. Being calcium-dependent hydrolases, PADs are inactive under the physiological level of calcium, but could be activated due to distortions in calcium homeostasis, or when the cellular calcium levels are increased. In this article, we analyze some of the currently available data on the structural properties of human PADs, the mechanisms of their calcium-induced activation, and show that these proteins contain functionally important regions of intrinsic disorder. Citrullination represents an important trigger of multiple physiological and pathological processes, and as a result, PADs are recognized to play a number of important roles in autoimmune diseases, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Therefore, we also review the current state of the art in the development of PAD inhibitors with good potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alghamdi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory Department, University Medical Services Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A Al Ghamdi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan H Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Institutskaya Str., 142290, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
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Li F, Miao L, Xue T, Qin H, Mondal S, Thompson PR, Coonrod SA, Liu X, Zhang X. Inhibiting PAD2 enhances the anti-tumor effect of docetaxel in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:414. [PMID: 31601253 PMCID: PMC6785896 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen resistance presents a huge clinical challenge for breast cancer patients. An understanding of the mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance can guide development of efficient therapies to prevent drug resistance. METHODS We first tested whether peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) may be involved in tamoxifen-resistance in breast cancer cells. The effect of depleting or inhibiting PAD2 in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (MCF7/TamR) cells was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. We then investigated the potential of Cl-amidine, a PAD inhibitor, to be used in combination with tamoxifen or docetaxel, and further explored the mechanism of the synergistic and effective drug regimen of PADs inhibitor and docetaxel on tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. RESULTS We report that PAD2 is dramatically upregulated in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Depletion of PAD2 in MCF7/TamR cells facilitated the sensitivity of MCF7/TamR cells to tamoxifen. Moreover, miRNA-125b-5p negatively regulated PAD2 expression in MCF7/TamR cells, therefore overexpression of miR-125b-5p also increased the cell sensitivity to tamoxifen. Furthermore, inhibiting PAD2 with Cl-amidine not only partially restored the sensitivity of MCF7/TamR cells to tamoxifen, but also more efficiently enhanced the efficacy of docetaxel on MCF7/TamR cells with lower doses of Cl-amidine and docetaxel both in vivo and in vivo. We then showed that combination treatment with Cl-amidine and docetaxel enhanced p53 nuclear accumulation, which synergistically induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Meanwhile, p53 activation in the combination treatment also accelerated autophagy processes by synergistically decreasing the activation of Akt/mTOR signaling, thus enhancing the inhibition of proliferation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PAD2 functions as an important new biomarker for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancers and that inhibiting PAD2 combined with docetaxel may offer a new approach to treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Lixia Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Teng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Santanu Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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The relationship between pancreatic cancer and hypercoagulability: a comprehensive review on epidemiological and biological issues. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:359-371. [PMID: 31327867 PMCID: PMC6738049 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognised that pancreatic cancer induces a hypercoagulable state that may lead to clinically apparent thrombosis. Although the relationship between pancreatic cancer and hypercoagulability is well described, the underlying pathological mechanism(s) and the interplay between these pathways remain a matter of intensive study. This review summarises existing data on epidemiology and pathogenesis of thrombotic complications in pancreatic cancer with a particular emphasis on novel pathophysiological pathways. Pancreatic cancer is characterised by high tumoural expression of tissue factor, activation of leukocytes with the release of neutrophil extracellular traps, the dissemination of tumour-derived microvesicles that promote hypercoagulability and increased platelet activation. Furthermore, other coagulation pathways probably contribute to these processes, such as those that involve heparanase, podoplanin and hypofibrinolysis. In the era in which heparin and its derivatives—the currently recommended therapy for cancer-associated thrombosis—might be superseded by direct oral anticoagulants, novel data from mouse models of cancer-associated thrombosis suggest the possibility of future personalised therapeutic approaches. In this dynamic era for cancer-associated thrombosis, the discovery of novel prothrombotic and proinflammatory mechanisms will potentially uncover pharmacological targets to prevent and treat thrombosis without adversely affecting haemostasis.
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Gao BS, Rong CS, Xu HM, Sun T, Hou J, Xu Y. Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase, Type II (PADI2) Is Involved in Urothelial Bladder Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1279-1285. [PMID: 31267364 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl arginine deiminase, type II (PADI2) expression has been shown to potentiate multiple different carcinogenesis pathway including breast carcinoma and spontaneous skin neoplasia. The objective of this study was to examine the role of PADI2 in urothelial bladder cancer which has not been evaluated previously. Analysis of mutation and genome amplification of bladder cancer within The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that PADI2 is both mutated and amplified in a cohort of bladder cancer patients, with the largest number of mutations detected in urothelial bladder cancer. Even though PADI2 expression was not significantly correlated to survival in bladder cancer patients, it was significantly overexpressed at the mRNA and protein levels, as revealed by TCGA data and immunohistochemistry analysis, respectively. PADI2 showed wide expression pattern in bladder cancer tissues but was hardly detected in tumor adjacent normal tissue. RNAi mediated silencing of PADI2 in the bladder cancer cell line T24 did not result in a change of proliferation. Interestingly knockdown of PADI2 expression did not affect Snail1 protein, which is associated with metastatic progression, in these cells. However, PADI2 silencing remarkably attenuated both in vitro migration and invasion- in T24 cells indicating a Snail1-independent effect of PADI2 on invasive potential of urothelial bladder cancer. This was further corroborated by in vivo xenograft assays where PADI2 shRNA harboring T24 cells did not have detectable tumors by week 4 as compared to robust tumors in the control Luciferase shRNA harboring cells. PADI2 silencing did not affect proliferation rates and hence this would suggest that PADI2 knockdown is perhaps causing increased apoptosis as well as transition through the cell cycle, which needs to be confirmed in future studies. Our results reveal a yet undefined role of PADI2 as an oncogene in urothelial bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Shan Gao
- Urology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Chun-Shu Rong
- Department of Encephalopathy Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xu
- Obstetric Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Urology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Urology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Urology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Sorvillo N, Mizurini DM, Coxon C, Martinod K, Tilvawala R, Cherpokova D, Salinger AJ, Seward RJ, Staudinger C, Weerapana E, Shapiro NI, Costello CE, Thompson PR, Wagner DD. Plasma Peptidylarginine Deiminase IV Promotes VWF-Platelet String Formation and Accelerates Thrombosis After Vessel Injury. Circ Res 2019; 125:507-519. [PMID: 31248335 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE PAD4 (peptidylarginine deiminase type IV), an enzyme essential for neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis), is released together with neutrophil extracellular traps into the extracellular milieu. It citrullinates histones and holds the potential to citrullinate other protein targets. While NETosis is implicated in thrombosis, the impact of the released PAD4 is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study tests the hypothesis that extracellular PAD4, released during inflammatory responses, citrullinates plasma proteins, thus affecting thrombus formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that injection of r-huPAD4 in vivo induces the formation of VWF (von Willebrand factor)-platelet strings in mesenteric venules and that this is dependent on PAD4 enzymatic activity. VWF-platelet strings are naturally cleaved by ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type-1 motif-13). We detected a reduction of endogenous ADAMTS13 activity in the plasma of wild-type mice injected with r-huPAD4. Using mass spectrometry and in vitro studies, we found that r-huPAD4 citrullinates ADAMTS13 on specific arginine residues and that this modification dramatically inhibits ADAMTS13 enzymatic activity. Elevated citrullination of ADAMTS13 was observed in plasma samples of patients with sepsis or noninfected patients who were elderly (eg, age >65 years) and had underlying comorbidities (eg, diabetes mellitus and hypertension) as compared with healthy donors. This shows that ADAMTS13 is citrullinated in vivo. VWF-platelet strings that form on venules of Adamts13-/- mice were immediately cleared after injection of r-huADAMTS13, while they persisted in vessels of mice injected with citrullinated r-huADAMTS13. Next, we assessed the effect of extracellular PAD4 on platelet-plug formation after ferric chloride-induced injury of mesenteric venules. Administration of r-huPAD4 decreased time to vessel occlusion and significantly reduced thrombus embolization. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that PAD4 in circulation reduces VWF-platelet string clearance and accelerates the formation of a stable platelet plug after vessel injury. We propose that this effect is, at least in part, due to ADAMTS13 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Sorvillo
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., C.S., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., D.D.W.)
| | - Daniella M Mizurini
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., C.S., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., D.D.W.)
| | - Carmen Coxon
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Headington, United Kingdom (C.C.)
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., C.S., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., D.D.W.)
| | - Ronak Tilvawala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA (R.T., A.J.S., P.R.T.)
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., C.S., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., D.D.W.)
| | - Ari J Salinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA (R.T., A.J.S., P.R.T.)
| | - Robert J Seward
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.J.S., C.E.C.)
| | - Caleb Staudinger
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., C.S., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | | | - Nathan I Shapiro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.I.S.)
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.J.S., C.E.C.)
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA (R.T., A.J.S., P.R.T.)
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., C.S., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology (D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., D.D.W.)
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Lu YC, Chu T, Hall MS, Fu DJ, Shi Q, Chiu A, An D, Wang LH, Pardo Y, Southard T, Danko CG, Liphardt J, Nikitin AY, Wu M, Fischbach C, Coonrod S, Ma M. Physical confinement induces malignant transformation in mammary epithelial cells. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119307. [PMID: 31271857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The physical microenvironment of tumor cells plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression. Here, we present evidence that confinement - a new physical parameter that is apart from matrix stiffness - can also induce malignant transformation in mammary epithelial cells. We discovered that MCF10A cells, a benign mammary cell line that forms growth-arrested polarized acini in Matrigel, transforms into cancer-like cells within the same Matrigel material following confinement in alginate shell hydrogel microcapsules. The confined cells exhibited a range of tumor-like behaviors, including uncontrolled cellular proliferation and invasion. Additionally, 4-6 weeks after transplantation into the mammary fad pads of immunocompromised mice, the confined cells formed large palpable masses that exhibited histological features similar to that of carcinomas. Taken together, our findings suggest that physical confinement represents a previously unrecognized mechanism for malignancy induction in mammary epithelial cells and also provide a new, microcapsule-based, high throughput model system for testing new breast cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Lu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 111 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Tinyi Chu
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew S Hall
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 111 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dah-Jiun Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Quanming Shi
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega Shriram Center, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; BioX Institute, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alan Chiu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 111 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Duo An
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 111 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 111 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yehudah Pardo
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Teresa Southard
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Charles G Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jan Liphardt
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega Shriram Center, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; BioX Institute, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander Yu Nikitin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 111 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Scott Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 111 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Vidavsky N, Kunitake JAMR, Diaz-Rubio ME, Chiou AE, Loh HC, Zhang S, Masic A, Fischbach C, Estroff LA. Mapping and Profiling Lipid Distribution in a 3D Model of Breast Cancer Progression. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:768-780. [PMID: 31139713 PMCID: PMC6535773 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant lipid accumulation and marked changes in cellular lipid profiles are related to breast cancer metabolism and disease progression. In vitro, these phenomena are primarily studied using cells cultured in monolayers (2D). Here, we employ multicellular spheroids, generated using the MCF10A cell line series of increasing malignancy potential, to better recapitulate the 3D microenvironmental conditions that cells experience in vivo. Breast cancer cell lipid compositions were assessed in 2D and 3D culture models as a function of malignancy using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Further, the spatial distribution of lipids was examined using Raman chemical imaging and lipid staining. We show that with changes in the cellular microenvironment when moving from 2D to 3D cell cultures, total lipid amounts decrease significantly, while the ratio of acylglycerols to membrane lipids increases. This ratio increase could be associated with the formation of large lipid droplets (>10 μm) that are spatially evident throughout the spheroids but absent in 2D cultures. Additionally, we found a significant difference in lipid profiles between the more and less malignant spheroids, including changes that support de novo sphingolipid production and a reduction in ether-linked lipid fractions in the invasive spheroids. These differences in lipid profiles as a function of cell malignancy and microenvironment highlight the importance of coupled spatial and lipidomic studies to better understand the connections between lipid metabolism and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Vidavsky
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jennie A. M. R. Kunitake
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Maria Elena Diaz-Rubio
- Metabolomics
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Aaron E. Chiou
- Nancy
E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Hyun-Chae Loh
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Metabolomics
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Admir Masic
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy
E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Kavli
Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Lara A. Estroff
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Kavli
Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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Jevtić P, Schibler AC, Wesley CC, Pegoraro G, Misteli T, Levy DL. The nucleoporin ELYS regulates nuclear size by controlling NPC number and nuclear import capacity. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201847283. [PMID: 31085625 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How intracellular organelles acquire their characteristic sizes is a fundamental question in cell biology. Given stereotypical changes in nuclear size in cancer, it is important to understand the mechanisms that control nuclear size in human cells. Using a high-throughput imaging RNAi screen, we identify and mechanistically characterize ELYS, a nucleoporin required for post-mitotic nuclear pore complex (NPC) assembly, as a determinant of nuclear size in mammalian cells. ELYS knockdown results in small nuclei, reduced nuclear lamin B2 localization, lower NPC density, and decreased nuclear import. Increasing nuclear import by importin α overexpression rescues nuclear size and lamin B2 import, while inhibiting importin α/β-mediated nuclear import decreases nuclear size. Conversely, ELYS overexpression increases nuclear size, enriches nuclear lamin B2 at the nuclear periphery, and elevates NPC density and nuclear import. Consistent with these observations, knockdown or inhibition of exportin 1 increases nuclear size. Thus, we identify ELYS as a novel positive effector of mammalian nuclear size and propose that nuclear size is sensitive to NPC density and nuclear import capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Jevtić
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | | | - Chase C Wesley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- High Throughput Imaging Facility (HiTIF), National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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Mondal S, Thompson PR. Protein Arginine Deiminases (PADs): Biochemistry and Chemical Biology of Protein Citrullination. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:818-832. [PMID: 30844238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are well-known to undergo a variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs). One such PTM is citrullination, an arginine modification that is catalyzed by a group of hydrolases called protein arginine deiminases (PADs). Hundreds of proteins are known to be citrullinated and hypercitrullination is associated with autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), lupus, ulcerative colitis (UC), Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), and certain cancers. In this Account, we summarize our efforts to understand the structure and mechanism of the PADs and to develop small molecule chemical probes of protein citrullination. PAD activity is highly regulated by calcium. Structural studies with PAD2 revealed that calcium-binding occurs in a stepwise fashion and induces a series of dramatic conformational changes to form a catalytically competent active site. These studies also identified the presence of a calcium-switch that controls the overall calcium-dependence and a gatekeeper residue that shields the active site in the absence of calcium. Using biochemical and site-directed mutagenesis studies, we identified the key residues (two aspartates, a cysteine, and a histidine) responsible for catalysis and proposed a general mechanism of citrullination. Although all PADs follow this mechanism, substrate binding to the thiolate or thiol form of the enzyme varies for different isozymes. Substrate-specificity studies revealed that PADs 1-4 prefer peptidyl-arginine over free arginine and certain citrullination sites on a peptide substrate. Using high-throughput screening and activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), we identified several reversible (streptomycin, minocycline, and chlorotetracycline) and irreversible (streptonigrin, NSC 95397) PAD-inhibitors. Screening of a DNA-encoded library and lead-optimization led to the development of GSK199 and GSK484 as highly potent PAD4-selective inhibitors. Furthermore, use of an electrophilic, cysteine-targeted haloacetamidine warhead to mimic the guanidinium group in arginine afforded several mechanism-based pan-PAD-inhibitors including Cl-amidine and BB-Cl-amidine. These compounds are highly efficacious in various animal models, including those mimicking RA, UC, and lupus. Structure-activity relationships identified numerous covalent PAD-inhibitors with different bioavailability, in vivo stability, and isozyme-selectivity (PAD1-selective: D-Cl-amidine; PAD2-selective: compounds 16-20; PAD3-selective: Cl4-amidine; and PAD4-selective: TDFA). Finally, this Account describes the development of PAD-targeted and citrulline-specific chemical probes. While PAD-targeted probes were utilized for identifying off-targets and developing high-throughput inhibitor screening platforms, citrulline-specific probes enabled the proteomic identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers of hypercitrullination-related autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Nemmara VV, Tilvawala R, Salinger AJ, Miller L, Nguyen SH, Weerapana E, Thompson PR. Citrullination Inactivates Nicotinamide- N-methyltransferase. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2663-2672. [PMID: 30044909 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide- N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the irreversible methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) to form N-methyl nicotinamide using S-adenosyl methionine as a methyl donor. NNMT is implicated in several chronic disease conditions, including cancers, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and Parkinson's disease. Although phosphorylation of NNMT in gastric tumors is reported, the functional effects of this post-translational modification has not been investigated. We previously reported that citrullination of NNMT by Protein Arginine Deiminases abolished its methyltransferase activity. Herein, we investigate the mechanism of inactivation. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified three sites of citrullination in NNMT. With this information in hand, we used a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, kinetics, and circular dichoism experiments to demonstrate that citrullination of R132 leads to a structural perturbation that ultimately promotes NNMT inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh V. Nemmara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ronak Tilvawala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ari J. Salinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Lacey Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Son Hong Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (Padi2) is expressed in Sertoli cells in a specific manner and regulated by SOX9 during testicular development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13263. [PMID: 30185873 PMCID: PMC6125343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs) are enzymes that change the charge of proteins through citrullination. We recently found Padi2 was expressed exclusively in fetal Sertoli cells. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of Padi2 and the role of PADI2 in testicular development. We showed SOX9 positively regulated Padi2 transcription and FOXL2 antagonized it in TM3 cells, a model of Sertoli cells. The responsive region to SOX9 and FOXL2 was identified within the Padi2 sequence by reporter assay. In fetal testes from Sox9 knockout (AMH-Cre:Sox9flox/flox) mice, Padi2 expression was greatly reduced, indicating SOX9 regulates Padi2 in vivo. In vitro analysis using siRNA suggested PADI2 modified transcriptional regulation by SOX9. However, Padi2−/− XY mice were fertile and showed no apparent reproductive anomalies. Although, PADI2 is known as an epigenetic transcriptional regulator through H3 citrullination, no significant difference in H3 citrullination between wildtype and Padi2−/− XY gonads was observed. These results suggest Padi2 is a novel gene involved in testis development that is specifically expressed in Sertoli cells through the regulation by SOX9 and FOXL2 and PADI2 supports regulation of target genes by SOX9. Analysis of the Padi2−/− XY phenotype suggested a redundant factor compensated for PADI2 function in testicular development.
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Mondal S, Parelkar SS, Nagar M, Thompson PR. Photochemical Control of Protein Arginine Deiminase (PAD) Activity. ACS Chem Biol 2018. [PMID: 29517899 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, ulcerative colitis, and breast cancer. Therefore, the development of PAD inhibitors has drawn significant research interest in recent years. Herein, we describe the development of the first photoswitchable PAD inhibitors. These compounds possess an azobenzene photoswitch to optically control PAD activity. Screening of a series of inhibitors structurally similar to BB-Cl-amidine afforded compounds 1 and 2 as the most promising candidates for the light-controlled inhibition of PAD2; the cis isomer of 1 is 10-fold more potent than its trans isomer, whereas the trans isomer of 2 is 45-fold more potent than the corresponding cis isomer. The altered inhibitory potency upon photoisomerization has been confirmed in a competitive activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) assay. Further investigations indicate that the trans isomer of 2 is an irreversible inhibitor, whereas the cis isomer acts as a competitive inhibitor. In cells, the trans isomer of compound 1 is completely inactive, whereas the cis isomer inhibits histone H3-citrullination in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, 1 serves as the foundation for developing photopharmaceuticals that can be activated at the desired tissue, using light, to treat diseases where PAD activity is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Sangram S. Parelkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Mitesh Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Ledet MM, Anderson R, Harman R, Muth A, Thompson PR, Coonrod SA, Van de Walle GR. BB-Cl-Amidine as a novel therapeutic for canine and feline mammary cancer via activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:412. [PMID: 29649984 PMCID: PMC5898062 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammary cancer is highly prevalent in dogs and cats and results in a poor prognosis due to critically lacking viable treatment options. Recent human and mouse studies have suggested that inhibiting peptidyl arginine deiminase enzymes (PAD) may be a novel breast cancer therapy. Based on the similarities between human breast cancer and mammary cancer in dogs and cats, we hypothesized that PAD inhibitors would also be an effective treatment for mammary cancer in these animals. Methods Canine and feline mammary cancer cell lines were treated with BB-Cl-Amidine (BB-CLA) and evaluated for viability and tumorigenicity. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was tested by western blot, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Canine and feline mammary cancer xenograft models were created using NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice, and were treated with BB-CLA for two weeks. Results We found that BB-CLA reduced viability and tumorigenicity of canine and feline mammary cancer cell lines in vitro. Additionally, we demonstrated that BB-CLA activates the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in these cells by downregulating 78 kDa Glucose-regulated Protein (GRP78), a potential target in breast cancer for molecular therapy, and upregulating the downstream target gene DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3 (DDIT3). Finally, we established a mouse xenograft model of both canine and feline mammary cancer in which we preliminarily tested the effects of BB-CLA in vivo. Conclusion We propose that our established mouse xenograft models will be useful for the study of mammary cancer in dogs and cats, and furthermore, that BB-CLA has potential as a novel therapeutic for mammary cancer in these species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4323-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Ledet
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robyn Anderson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Nemmara VV, Subramanian V, Muth A, Mondal S, Salinger AJ, Maurais AJ, Tilvawala R, Weerapana E, Thompson PR. The Development of Benzimidazole-Based Clickable Probes for the Efficient Labeling of Cellular Protein Arginine Deiminases (PADs). ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:712-722. [PMID: 29341591 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Citrullination is the post-translational hydrolysis of peptidyl-arginines to form peptidyl-citrulline, a reaction that is catalyzed by the protein arginine deiminases (PADs), a family of calcium-regulated enzymes. Aberrantly increased protein citrullination is associated with a slew of autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis, lupus, and ulcerative colitis) and certain cancers. Given the clear link between increased PAD activity and human disease, the PADs are therapeutically relevant targets. Herein, we report the development of next generation cell permeable and "clickable" probes (BB-Cl-Yne and BB-F-Yne) for covalent labeling of the PADs both in vitro and in cell-based systems. Using advanced chemoproteomic technologies, we also report the off targets of both BB-Cl-Yne and BB-F-Yne. The probes are highly specific for the PADs, with relatively few off targets, especially BB-F-Yne, suggesting the preferential use of the fluoroacetamidine warhead in next generation irreversible PAD inhibitors. Notably, these compounds can be used in a variety of modalities, including the identification of off targets of the parent compounds and as activity-based protein profiling probes in target engagement assays to demonstrate the efficacy of PAD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh V. Nemmara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Venkataraman Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Santanu Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ari J. Salinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Aaron J. Maurais
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Ronak Tilvawala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Development of Activity-Based Proteomic Probes for Protein Citrullination. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 420:233-251. [PMID: 30203394 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze the post-translational deimination of peptidyl arginine to form peptidyl citrulline. This modification is increased in multiple inflammatory diseases and in certain cancers. PADs regulate a variety of signaling pathways including apoptosis, terminal differentiation, and transcriptional regulation. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) probes have been developed to understand the role of the PADs in vivo and to investigate the effect of protein citrullination in various pathological conditions. Furthermore, these ABPPs have been utilized as a platform for high-throughput inhibitor discovery. This review will showcase the development of ABPPs targeting the PADs. In addition, it provides a brief overview of PAD structure and function along with recent advances in PAD inhibitor development.
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Qin H, Liu X, Li F, Miao L, Li T, Xu B, An X, Muth A, Thompson PR, Coonrod SA, Zhang X. PAD1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer cells by regulating MEK1-ERK1/2-MMP2 signaling. Cancer Lett 2017; 409:30-41. [PMID: 28844713 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylargininedeiminase 1 (PAD1) catalyzes protein for citrullination, and this activity has been linked to the epidermal cornification. However, a role for PAD1 in tumorigenesis, including breast cancers has not been previously explored. Here we first showed that PAD1 is overexpressed in human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In cultured cells and xenograft mouse models, PAD1 depletion or inhibition reduced cell proliferation, suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and prevented metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. These changes were correlated with a dramatic decrease in MMP2/9 expression. Furthermore, ERK1/2 and P38 MAPK signaling pathways are activated upon PAD1 silencing. Treatment with MEK1/2 inhibitor in PAD1 knockdown cells significantly recovered MMP2 expression, while inhibiting P38 activation only slightly elevated MMP9 levels. We then showed that PAD1 interacts with and citrullinates MEK1 thereby disrupting MEK1-catalyzed ERK1/2 phosphorylation, thus leading to the MMP2 overexpression. Collectively, our data indicate that PAD1 appears to promote tumorigenesis by regulating MEK1-ERK1/2-MMP2 signaling in TNBC. These results also raise the possibility that PAD1 may function as an important new biomarker for TNBC tumors and suggest that PAD1-specific inhibitors could potentially be utilized to treat metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fujun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lixia Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Boqun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Wang L, Song G, Zhang X, Feng T, Pan J, Chen W, Yang M, Bai X, Pang Y, Yu J, Han J, Han B. PADI2-Mediated Citrullination Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5755-5768. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen D, Sun Q, Zhang L, Zhou X, Cheng X, Zhou D, Ye F, Lin J, Wang W. The lncRNA HOXA11-AS functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate PADI2 expression by sponging miR-125a-5p in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70642-70652. [PMID: 29050308 PMCID: PMC5642583 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We previously described the potential involvement of HOMEOBOX A11 (HOXA11) antisense RNA (HOXA11-AS), miR-125a-5p, and peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) in promoting liver metastasis in CRC patients. In the present study, we verified the significant upregulation of HOXA11-AS and PADI2, as well as the downregulation of miR-125a-5p, in CRC patients with liver metastasis. Overexpression and knockdown studies of HOXA11-AS or PADI2, as well as gain-/loss-of-function studies of miR-125a-5p, revealed a positive correlation between HOXA11-AS and PADI2 and a negative correlation with miR-125a-5p in the regulation of liver metastasis in CRC cell lines. Overall, we conclude that HOXA11-AS promotes liver metastasis in CRC by functioning as a miR-125a-5p sponge and describe a novel HOXA11-AS–miR-125a-5p–PADI2 regulatory network involved in CRC liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lufei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjiang Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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49
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Kizawa K, Fujimori T, Kawai T. Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Promote S100A3 Citrullination in Cultured SW480 Cells and Isolated Hair Follicles. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:516-523. [PMID: 28381806 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human hair shaft is covered with multiple scale-like cuticular layers. During the terminal differentiation stage of immature cuticular cells within the hair follicle, cysteine-rich calcium binding S100A3 protein is predominantly translated, and its arginine residues are converted to citrullines by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADI). In this study, we found several naturally occurring compounds (e.g., hinokitiol, escletin, and quercetin) elevate S100A3 citrullination in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (SW480). Selected compounds similarly promoted cuticular differentiation within isolated human hair follicles. Their promotive activities correlated with the previously reported inhibitory activities of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) in vitro. Microarray analysis revealed that ALOX12 inhibitor remarkably up-regulated heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HBEGF). ALOX12 inhibitor and recombinant HBEGF similarly regulated expression of PADI genes in SW480 cells. In isolated hair follicles, arachidonic acid strongly promoted S100A3 citrullination along with elevation of HBEGF. These results suggest that ALOX12 inhibition efficiently triggers hair cuticle maturation by modulating arachidonate metabolism in concert with HBEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kizawa
- Biological Science Research Laboratory, Kao Corporation
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50
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Clancy KW, Russell AM, Subramanian V, Nguyen H, Qian Y, Campbell RM, Thompson PR. Citrullination/Methylation Crosstalk on Histone H3 Regulates ER-Target Gene Transcription. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1691-1702. [PMID: 28485572 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of histone tails are a key contributor to epigenetic regulation. Histone H3 Arg26 and Lys27 are both modified by multiple enzymes, and their modifications have profound effects on gene expression. Citrullination of H3R26 by PAD2 and methylation of H3K27 by PRC2 have opposing downstream impacts on gene regulation; H3R26 citrullination activates gene expression, and H3K27 methylation represses gene expression. Both of these modifications are drivers of a variety of cancers, and their writer enzymes, PAD2 and EZH2, are the targets of drug therapies. After biochemical and cell-based analysis of these modifications, a negative crosstalk interaction is observed. Methylation of H3K27 slows citrullination of H3R26 30-fold, whereas citrullination of H3R26 slows methylation 30,000-fold. Examination of the mechanism of this crosstalk interaction uncovered a change in structure of the histone tail upon citrullination which prevents methylation by the PRC2 complex. This mechanism of crosstalk is reiterated in cell lines using knockdowns and inhibitors of both enzymes. Based our data, we propose a model in which, after H3 Cit26 formation, H3K27 demethylases are recruited to the chromatin to activate transcription. In total, our studies support the existence of crosstalk between citrullination of H3R26 and methylation of H3K27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen W. Clancy
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Anna-Maria Russell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Venkataraman Subramanian
- Department
of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Hannah Nguyen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Yuewei Qian
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Robert M. Campbell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department
of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program
in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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