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El Habre R, Aoun R, Tahtouh R, Hilal G. All-trans-retinoic acid modulates glycolysis via H19 and telomerase: the role of mir-let-7a in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:615. [PMID: 38773429 PMCID: PMC11106948 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Treatment approaches that differ between estrogen-positive (ER+) and triple-negative BC cells (TNBCs) and may subsequently affect cancer biomarkers, such as H19 and telomerase, are an emanating delight in BC research. For instance, all-trans-Retinoic acid (ATRA) could represent a potent regulator of these oncogenes, regulating microRNAs, mostly let-7a microRNA (miR-let-7a), which targets the glycolysis pathway, mainly pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) enzymes. Here, we investigated the potential role of ATRA in H19, telomerase, miR-let-7a, and glycolytic enzymes modulation in ER + and TNBC cells. METHODS MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 5 µM ATRA and/or 100 nM fulvestrant. Then, ATRA-treated or control MCF-7 cells were transfected with either H19 or hTERT siRNA. Afterward, ATRA-treated or untreated MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with estrogen receptor alpha ER(α) or beta ER(β) expression plasmids. RNA expression was evaluated by RT‒qPCR, and proteins were assessed by Western blot. PKM2 activity was measured using an NADH/LDH coupled enzymatic assay, and telomerase activity was evaluated with a quantitative telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA was used to analyze data from replicates. RESULTS Our results showed that MCF-7 cells were more responsive to ATRA than MDA-MB-231 cells. In MCF-7 cells, ATRA and/or fulvestrant decreased ER(α), H19, telomerase, PKM2, and LDHA, whereas ER(β) and miR-let-7a increased. H19 or hTERT knockdown with or without ATRA treatment showed similar results to those obtained after ATRA treatment, and a potential interconnection between H19 and hTERT was found. However, in MDA-MB-231 cells, RNA expression of the aforementioned genes was modulated after ATRA and/or fulvestrant, with no significant effect on protein and activity levels. Overexpression of ER(α) or ER(β) in MDA-MB-231 cells induced telomerase activity, PKM2 and LDHA expression, in which ATRA treatment combined with plasmid transfection decreased glycolytic enzyme expression. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to elucidate a new potential interaction between the estrogen receptor and glycolytic enzymes in ER + BC cells through miR-let-7a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita El Habre
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita Aoun
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roula Tahtouh
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George Hilal
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Nguyen DH. Role of Endorphins in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis and Recovery. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 35:87-106. [PMID: 38874719 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between stress and breast cancer development is essential to preventing and alleviating the cancer. Recent research has shed light on the cognitive, physiological, cellular, and molecular underpinnings of how the endorphin pathway and stress pathway affect breast cancer. This chapter consists of two parts. Part 1 will discuss the role of endorphins in breast cancer development. This includes a discussion of three topics: (1) the neurophysiological effect of endorphins on breast tumor growth in vivo, along with further experiments that will deepen our knowledge of how β-endorphin affects breast cancer; (2) how both the opioid receptor and somatostatin receptor classes alter intracellular signaling in breast cancer cells; and (3) genetic alleles in the opioid signaling pathway that are correlated with increased breast cancer risk. Part 2 will discuss the role of endorphins in recovery from breast cancer. This includes a discussion of three topics: (1) the relationship between breast cancer diagnosis and depression; (2) the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing stress in breast cancer patients; and (3) the effect of psychotherapy and exercise on preserving telomere length in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Nguyen
- BrainScanology, Inc, Concord, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Wang D, Yang Y, Yang L, Yang H. Bibliometric analysis and visualization of endocrine therapy for breast cancer research in the last two decade. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1287101. [PMID: 38116321 PMCID: PMC10728495 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1287101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer endocrine therapy research has become a crucial domain in oncology since hormone receptor-positive breast cancers have been increasingly recognized, and targeted therapeutic interventions have been advancing over the past few years. This bibliometric analysis attempts to shed light on the trends, dynamics, and knowledge hotspots that have shaped the landscape of breast cancer endocrine therapy research between 2003 and 2022. Methods In this study, we comprehensively reviewed the scientific literature spanning the above-mentioned period, which included publications accessible through the database of the Web of Science (WOS) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Next, a systematic and data-driven analysis supported by sophisticated software tools was conducted, such that the core themes, prolific authors, influential journals, prominent countries, and critical citation patterns in the relevant research field can be clarified. Results A continuous and substantial expansion of breast cancer endocrine therapy research was revealed over the evaluated period. A total of 1,317 scholarly articles were examined. The results of the analysis suggested that research on endocrine therapy for breast cancer has laid a solid basis for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. From a geographical perspective, the US, the UK, and China emerged as the most active contributors, illustrating the global impact of this study. Furthermore, our analysis delineated prominent research topics that have dominated the discourse in the past two decades, including drug therapy, therapeutic efficacy, molecular biomarkers, and hormonal receptor interactions. Conclusion This comprehensive bibliometric analysis provides a panoramic view of the ever-evolving landscape of breast cancer endocrine therapy research. The findings highlight the trajectory of past developments while signifying an avenue of vast opportunities for future investigations and therapeutic advancements. As the field continues to burgeon, this analysis will provide valuable guidance for to researchers toward pertinent knowledge hotspots and emerging trends, which can expedite the discoveries in the realm of breast cancer endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
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Kim M, Kim HS, Oh J, Zhou X, Ahn S, Koo Y, Kim HJ, Jang J. Ameliorative effects of Kyung-Ok-Ko and its mixture with Pueraria lobata Ohwi on postmenopausal osteoporosis by promoting phytoestrogenic activity in rats. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1171346. [PMID: 37435569 PMCID: PMC10332514 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1171346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK) is a popular traditional medicine used as a natural alternative to hormone replacement therapy for treating postmenopausal symptoms in Asia. Pueraria lobata Ohwi (P. lobata) is rich in isoflavones and has been traditionally used in combination with other herbs to produce synergistic and pharmaceutical effects via a multi-target approach for disease treatment. We aimed to investigate the phytoestrogenic effects of KOK extract against postmenopausal symptoms in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and confirm its efficacy by mixing KOK and P. lobata extracts. Methods OVX rats were daily oral administrated with KOK and KOK + P. lobata mixture extracts (300-400 mg/kg) and their body weight and tail temperature were monitored for 12 weeks. The biochemical parameters, estradiol levels, and bone turnover markers were measured in the serum samples. Moreover, the estrogen receptor, ER-α and ER-β expression in the uterus and the uterus morphology were evaluated. AMPK, ATG1/ULK1, and mTOR protein expression in the liver were assessed. Results The 12-week treatment with KOK and KOK + P. lobata mixture extracts did not cause liver damage or hormonal changes in the OVX rats. The treatments reduced the high lipid accumulation-related body weight gain and the tail temperature increase that was induced by ovariectomy. Further, it exhibited protective effects against hyperlipidemia and osteoporosis. No significant difference was observed in uterine weight compared to the OVX-treated group, while endometrial thickness reduction inhibition was observed due to ovariectomy. Bone mineral density (BMD) and serum osteocalcin levels, which decreased in OVX rats, increased with both treatments. Western blotting analysis showed that ER-α and ER-β were not expressed in the treated rats, whereas these proteins were expressed in Sham-operated rats. No significant differences in the phosphorylation of AMPK were observed; however, the ATG1/ULK1 and mTOR protein phosphorylation levels were upregulated and downregulated in the treated rats compared to those of OVX rats, respectively. Conclusion This is the first in vivo study observing the efficacy and synergistic effects of the mixture of KOK and P. lobata. Our results suggest the potential of KOK and KOK + P. lobata mixture as an alternative therapy for alleviating menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseo Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangqin Zhou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SongHee Ahn
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngtae Koo
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Jang
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Aspros KGM, Emch MJ, Wang X, Subramaniam M, Hinkle ML, Rodman EPB, Goetz MP, Hawse JR. Disruption of estrogen receptor beta's DNA binding domain impairs its tumor suppressive effects in triple negative breast cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1047166. [PMID: 36926316 PMCID: PMC10011152 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1047166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive sub-type of the disease which accounts for a disproportionately high percentage of breast cancer morbidities and mortalities. For these reasons, a better understanding of TNBC biology is required and the development of novel therapeutic approaches are critically needed. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is a reported tumor suppressor that is expressed in approximately 20% of primary TNBC tumors, where it is associated with favorable prognostic features and patient outcomes. Previous studies have shown that ERβ mediates the assembly of co-repressor complexes on DNA to inhibit the expression of multiple growth promoting genes and to suppress the ability of oncogenic transcription factors to drive cancer progression. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which ERβ elicits its anti-cancer effects, we developed MDA-MB-231 cells that inducibly express a mutant form of ERβ incapable of directly binding DNA. We demonstrate that disruption of ERβ's direct interaction with DNA abolishes its ability to regulate the expression of well characterized immediate response genes and renders it unable to suppress TNBC cell proliferation. Loss of DNA binding also diminishes the ability of ERβ to suppress oncogenic NFκB signaling even though it still physically associates with NFκB and other critical co-factors. These findings enhance our understanding of how ERβ functions in this disease and provide a model system that can be utilized to further investigate the mechanistic processes by which ERβ elicits its anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten G. M. Aspros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael J. Emch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiyin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Malayannan Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Megan L. Hinkle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Esther P. B. Rodman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Matthew P. Goetz
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - John R. Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Anticancer or carcinogenic? The role of estrogen receptor β in breast cancer progression. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 242:108350. [PMID: 36690079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is closely related to breast cancer (BC) progression. Traditional concepts regard ERβ as a tumor suppressor. As studies show the carcinogenic effect of ERβ, some people have come to a new conclusion that ERβ serves as a tumor suppressor in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer, while it is a carcinogen in ERα-negative breast cancer. However, we re-examine the role of ERβ and find this conclusion to be misleading based on the last decade's research. A large number of studies have shown that ERβ plays an anticancer role in both ERα-positive and ERα-negative breast cancers, and its carcinogenicity does not depend solely on the presence of ERα. Herein, we review the anticancer and oncogenic effects of ERβ on breast cancer progression in the past ten years, discuss the mechanism respectively, analyze the main reasons for the inconsistency and update ERβ selective ligand library. We believe a detailed and continuously updated review will help correct the one-sided understanding of ERβ, promoting ERβ-targeted breast cancer therapy.
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Seo H, Seo H, Byrd N, Kim H, Lee KG, Lee SH, Park Y. Human cell-based estrogen receptor beta dimerization assay. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110264. [PMID: 36402211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is not only responsible for important functions in the human body, such as cell growth, reproduction, differentiation, and development, but it is also deeply related to pathological processes, such as cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. Estrogens and other estrogenic compounds have transcriptional activities through binding with the estrogen receptor (ER) to induce ER dimerization. The two estrogen receptor subtypes, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), show structural differences and have different expression ratios in specific cells and tissues. Currently, the methods for confirming the estrogenic properties of compounds are the binding (Test guideline no. 493) and transactivation (Test guideline no. 455) assays provided by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In a previous study, we developed an ERα dimerization assay based on the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) system, but there are currently no available tests that can confirm the effect of estrogenic compounds on ERβ. Therefore, in this study, we developed a BRET-based ERβ dimerization assay to confirm the estrogenic prosperities of compounds. The BRET-based ERβ dimerization assay was verified using nine representative ER ligands and the results were compared with the dimerization activity of ERα. In conclusion, our BRET-based ERβ dimerization assay can provide information on the ERβ dimerization potential of estrogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeong Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiwon Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Nick Byrd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campden BRI, Chipping Campden, GL55 6LD, UK
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Geun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Hart DA. Sex differences in musculoskeletal injury and disease risks across the lifespan: Are there unique subsets of females at higher risk than males for these conditions at distinct stages of the life cycle? Front Physiol 2023; 14:1127689. [PMID: 37113695 PMCID: PMC10126777 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1127689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences have been reported for diseases of the musculoskeletal system (MSK) as well as the risk for injuries to tissues of the MSK system. For females, some of these occur prior to the onset of puberty, following the onset of puberty, and following the onset of menopause. Therefore, they can occur across the lifespan. While some conditions are related to immune dysfunction, others are associated with specific tissues of the MSK more directly. Based on this life spectrum of sex differences in both risk for injury and onset of diseases, a role for sex hormones in the initiation and progression of this risk is somewhat variable. Sex hormone receptor expression and functioning can also vary with life events such as the menstrual cycle in females, with different tissues being affected. Furthermore, some sex hormone receptors can affect gene expression independent of sex hormones and some transitional events such as puberty are accompanied by epigenetic alterations that can further lead to sex differences in MSK gene regulation. Some of the sex differences in injury risk and the post-menopausal disease risk may be "imprinted" in the genomes of females and males during development and sex hormones and their consequences only modulators of such risks later in life as the sex hormone milieu changes. The purpose of this review is to discuss some of the relevant conditions associated with sex differences in risks for loss of MSK tissue integrity across the lifespan, and further discuss several of the implications of their variable relationship with sex hormones, their receptors and life events.
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Mahmoodi A, Shoqafi A, Sun P, Giannakeas V, Cybulski C, Nofech-Mozes S, Masson JY, Sharma S, Samani AA, Madhusudan S, Narod SA, Akbari MR. High Expression of RECQL Protein in ER-Positive Breast Tumours Is Associated With a Better Survival. Front Oncol 2022; 12:877617. [PMID: 35712517 PMCID: PMC9195420 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.877617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RECQL (also known as RECQ1 and RECQL1) is a gene of recent interest in breast cancer and an association between high levels of RECQL protein in breast cancer tumour cells and good survival of patients has been reported. Methods To validate this association, we measured the RECQL protein levels in tumours of 933 breast cancer patients using immunohistochemistry analysis and followed the patients for death from breast cancer. Results Women with a level of RECQL protein above the 75th percentile had better 15-year disease-specific survival among ER-positive patients (62.5% vs. 48.7%, HR= 0.72, 95%CI= 0.52-0.98, p-value = 0.04), but not among ER- patients (48.9% vs. 48.0%, HR= 1.07, 95%CI= 0.67-1.69, p-value= 0.79). Among the ER-negative patients, high RECQL protein levels were associated with better survival among women who received tamoxifen treatment (67.0% vs. 51.5%, HR= 0.64, 95%CI= 0.41-0.99, p-value= 0.04). Conclusion RECQL might be a new predictive marker for tamoxifen treatment among ER-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Mahmoodi
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Shoqafi
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Sun
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vasily Giannakeas
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sharon Nofech-Mozes
- Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Oncology Axis, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sudha Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
- National Human Genome Center, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Amir Abbas Samani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Humber River Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A. Narod
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad R. Akbari
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Mohammad R. Akbari,
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Liang Y, Besch-Williford C, Hyder SM. The estrogen receptor beta agonist liquiritigenin enhances the inhibitory effects of the cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor RO 48-8071 on hormone-dependent breast-cancer growth. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 192:53-63. [PMID: 35037188 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most hormone-dependent human breast cancers develop resistance to anti-hormone therapy over time. Our goal was to identify novel treatment strategies to avoid this drug resistance and thereby control hormone-dependent breast cancer. METHODS Sulforhodamine B assays were used to measure viability of cultured human breast-cancer cells. BT-474 cell tumor xenografts in nude mice were used to evaluate tumor growth. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess estrogen-receptor and angiogenesis-marker expression, as well as apoptosis, in tumor-xenograft tissues. RESULTS MCF-7 and BT-474 breast-cancer cells treated with either RO 48-8071 <[4'-[6-(Allylmethylamino)hexyloxy]-4-bromo-2'-fluorobenzophenone fumarate] [RO]; a small-molecule inhibitor of oxidosqualene cyclase, a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis> or liquiritigenin [LQ; an estrogen receptor (ER) β agonist] exhibited significantly reduced viability in vitro. RO + LQ treatment further significantly reduced cell viability. Administration of RO, LQ, or RO + LQ significantly inhibited growth of BT-474 tumor xenografts in vivo. RO, LQ, or RO + LQ reduced ERα but induced ER β expression in tumor xenografts. Both compounds significantly reduced angiogenesis-marker expression and increased apoptosis in tumor xenografts; use of RO + LQ significantly enhanced the effects observed with a single agent. CONCLUSION The ERβ ligand LQ significantly enhanced the inhibition of breast-cancer cell viability and tumor-xenograft growth by RO. The anti-tumor properties of RO may in part be due to an off-target effect that reduces ERα and increases ERβ, the latter of which can then interact with LQ to promote anti-proliferative effects. The RO + LQ combination may have value when considering novel treatment strategies for hormone-dependent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Liang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | | | - Salman M Hyder
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Choi Y. Estrogen Receptor β Expression and Its Clinical Implication in Breast Cancers: Favorable or Unfavorable? J Breast Cancer 2022; 25:75-93. [PMID: 35380018 PMCID: PMC9065353 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2022.25.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two estrogen receptor (ER) genes (ESR1/ERα and ESR2/ERβ) in humans. Of those. ERβ, the second ER isotype identified in 1996, is differentially expressed in different phenotypes and molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BCa), and is highly expressed in ERα-negative BCa and triple-negative BCa (TNBC). This review summarizes the potential clinical relevance of ERβ in BCa and the challenges associated with studies on the role of ERβ in BCa. The experimental and clinical studies evaluating clinical outcomes and associations with clinical characteristics and responses to endocrine therapy on targeting ERβ reviewed herein indicate that ERβ is a clinically important biomarker in BCa. The reviewed studies also suggest that each ERβ isoform has a distinct role in BCa subtypes and the potential of novel- targeted therapies in BCa, especially ERα-negative BCa and TNBC. However, the findings of many studies on ERβ are inconsistent, and the exact role of ERβ in BCa remains elusive; this may potentially be attributed to the complexity of ERβ isoforms, but also to the lack of standardized testing protocol. Thus, successful clinical application of ERβ requires the development of standardized, reproducible, and objective measurement methods for ERβ that can be widely and routinely applied in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Hartsdale, NY, USA
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12
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Estrogenic hormones receptors in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7517-7526. [PMID: 34657250 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are hormones that play a critical role during development and growth for the adequate functioning of the reproductive system of women, as well as for maintaining bones, metabolism, and cognition. During menopause, the levels of estrogens are decreased, altering their signaling mediated by their intracellular receptors such as estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ), and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). In the brain, the reduction of molecular pathways mediated by estrogenic receptors seems to favor the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in postmenopausal women. In this review, we investigate the participation of estrogen receptors in AD in women during aging.
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Karakas B, Aka Y, Giray A, Temel SG, Acikbas U, Basaga H, Gul O, Kutuk O. Mitochondrial estrogen receptors alter mitochondrial priming and response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:189. [PMID: 34294688 PMCID: PMC8298581 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer with a high rate of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide. Estrogen receptor status is an important prognostic factor and endocrine therapy is the choice of first-line treatment in ER-positive breast cancer. However, most tumors develop resistance to endocrine therapy. Here we demonstrate that BH3 profiling technology, in particular, dynamic BH3 profiling can predict the response to endocrine therapy agents as well as the development of acquired resistance in breast cancer cells independent of estrogen receptor status. Immunofluorescence analysis and subcellular fractionation experiments revealed distinct ER-α and ER-β subcellular localization patterns in breast cancer cells, including mitochondrial localization of both receptor subtypes. shRNA-mediated depletion of ER-β in breast cancer cells led to resistance to endocrine therapy agents and selective reconstitution of ER-β in mitochondria restored sensitivity. Notably, mitochondria-targeted ER-α did not restore sensitivity, even conferred further resistance to endocrine therapy agents. In addition, expressing mitochondria-targeted ER-β in breast cancer cells resulted in decreased mitochondrial respiration alongside increased total ROS and mitochondrial superoxide production. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that mitochondrial ER-β can be successfully targeted by the selective ER-β agonist Erteberel. Thus, our findings provide novel findings on mitochondrial estrogen signaling in breast cancer cells and suggest the implementation of the dynamic BH3 technique as a tool to predict acquired endocrine therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahriye Karakas
- Sabanci University, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Aka
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Dept. of Immunology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Asli Giray
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Sehime Gulsun Temel
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Bursa, Turkey
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Bursa, Turkey
- Bursa Uludag University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Translational Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Acikbas
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Dept. of Immunology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Huveyda Basaga
- Sabanci University, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Gul
- Bilgi University, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kutuk
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Dept. of Immunology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey.
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14
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Božović A, Mandušić V, Todorović L, Krajnović M. Estrogen Receptor Beta: The Promising Biomarker and Potential Target in Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041656. [PMID: 33562134 PMCID: PMC7914503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ) in 1996 opened new perspectives in the diagnostics and therapy of different types of cancer. Here, we present a review of the present research knowledge about its role in endocrine-related cancers: breast, prostate, and thyroid, and colorectal cancers. We also discuss the reasons for the controversy of its role in carcinogenesis and why it is still not in use as a biomarker in clinical practice. Given that the diagnostics and therapy would benefit from the introduction of new biomarkers, we suggest ways to overcome the contradictions in elucidating the role of ERβ.
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15
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Kishan Prasad HL. Estrogen alpha and beta subtype analysis in breast carcinomas - newer prognostic marker in the making? MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_244_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Tabor S, Szostakowska-Rodzos M, Fabisiewicz A, Grzybowska EA. How to Predict Metastasis in Luminal Breast Cancer? Current Solutions and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218415. [PMID: 33182512 PMCID: PMC7665153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is the main cause of breast cancer mortality. Luminal breast cancer represents the majority of breast cancer cases and, despite relatively good prognosis, its heterogeneity creates problems with a proper stratification of patients and correct identification of the group with a high risk of metastatic relapse. Current prognostic tools are based on the analysis of the primary tumor and, despite their undisputed power of prediction, they might be insufficient to foresee the relapse in an accurate and precise manner, especially if the relapse occurs after a long period of dormancy, which is very common in luminal breast cancer. New approaches tend to rely on body fluid analyses, which have the advantage of being non-invasive and versatile and may be repeated and used for monitoring the disease in the long run. In this review we describe the current, newly-developed, and only-just-discovered methods which are or may become useful in the assessment of the probability of the relapse.
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Abstract
Breast cancer, a malignant tumor originating from mammary epithelial tissue, is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Challenges facing the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer necessitate the search for new mechanisms and drugs to improve outcomes. Estrogen receptor (ER) is considered to be important for determining the diagnosis and treatment strategy. The discovery of the second estrogen receptor, ERβ, provides an opportunity to understand estrogen action. The emergence of ERβ can be traced back to 1996. Over the past 20 years, an increasing body of evidence has implicated the vital effect of ERβ in breast cancer. Although there is controversy among scholars, ERβ is generally thought to have antiproliferative effects in disease progression. This review summarizes available evidence regarding the involvement of ERβ in the clinical treatment and prognosis of breast cancer and describes signaling pathways associated with ERβ. We hope to highlight the potential of ERβ as a therapeutic target.
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18
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Pandey A, Khan HR, Alex NS, Puttaraju M, Chandrasekaran TT, Rudraiah M. Under-carboxylated osteocalcin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism during pregnancy and lactation in rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1081-1095. [PMID: 32056149 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Under-carboxylated osteocalcin (UcOC), a bone-released hormone is suggested to regulate energy metabolism. Pregnancy and lactation physiological conditions that require high levels of energy. The current study attempts to examine whether UcOC is involved in regulating energy metabolism during these conditions using adult Wistar rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Insulin tolerance tests indicated insulin resistance during late pregnancy (day 19 of pregnancy; P19) and insulin sensitivity during early lactation (day 6 of lactation; L6). Gene expression analyses suggested that muscle glucose metabolism was downregulated during P19 and enhanced during L6. Concomitantly, circulatory UcOC levels were lower during pregnancy but higher during early lactation; the rise in UcOC levels was tightly linked to the lactation process. Altering endogenous UcOC levels pharmacologically with warfarin and alendronate in P19 and L6 rats changed whole-body insulin response and muscle glucose transporter (Glut4) expression. Glut4 expression can be increased by either UcOC or estrogen receptors (ERs), both of which act independent of each other. A high fat diet decreased UcOC levels and insulin sensitivity in lactating rats, suggesting that diet can compromise UcOC-established energy homeostasis. Gene expression of lipid metabolism markers and triglyceride levels suggested that UcOC suppression during early pregnancy is an essential step in maternal lipid storage. CONCLUSION Taken together, we found that UcOC plays an important role in energy homeostasis via regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pandey
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - H R Khan
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - N S Alex
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - M Puttaraju
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - T T Chandrasekaran
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - M Rudraiah
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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19
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Bellenghi M, Puglisi R, Pontecorvi G, De Feo A, Carè A, Mattia G. Sex and Gender Disparities in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1819. [PMID: 32645881 PMCID: PMC7408637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the total incidence of cutaneous melanoma is higher in men than in women, with some differences related to ethnicity and age and, above all, sex and gender. Differences exist in respect to the anatomic localization of melanoma, in that it is more frequent on the trunk in men and on the lower limbs in women. A debated issue is if-and to what extent-melanoma development can be attributed to gender-specific behaviors or to biologically intrinsic differences. In the search for factors responsible for the divergences, a pivotal role of sex hormones has been observed, although conflicting results indicate the involvement of other mechanisms. The presence on the X chromosome of numerous miRNAs and coding genes playing immunological roles represents another important factor, whose relevance can be even increased by the incomplete X chromosome random inactivation. Considering the known advantages of the female immune system, a different cancer immune surveillance efficacy was suggested to explain some sex disparities. Indeed, the complexity of this picture emerged when the recently developed immunotherapies unexpectedly showed better improvements in men than in women. Altogether, these data support the necessity of further studies, which consider enrolling a balanced number of men and women in clinical trials to better understand the differences and obtain actual gender-equitable healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bellenghi
- Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Rossella Puglisi
- Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Giada Pontecorvi
- Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Gianfranco Mattia
- Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (G.M.)
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20
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Karadayi FZ, Yaman M, Kisla MM, Keskus AG, Konu O, Ates-Alagoz Z. Design, synthesis and anticancer/antiestrogenic activities of novel indole-benzimidazoles. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103929. [PMID: 32464404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indole-benzimidazoles have recently gained attention due to their antiproliferative and antiestrogenic effects. However, their structural similarities and molecular mechanisms shared with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have not yet been investigated. In this study, we synthesized novel ethylsulfonyl indole-benzimidazole derivatives by substituting the first (R1) and fifth (R2) positions of benzimidazole and indole groups, respectively. Subsequently, we performed 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectral and in silico docking analyses, and anticancer activity screening studies of these novel indole-benzimidazoles. The antiproliferative effects of indole-benzimidazoles were found to be more similar between the estrogen (E2) responsive cell lines MCF-7 and HEPG2 in comparison to the Estrogen Receptor negative (ER-) cell line MDA-MB-231. R1:p-fluorobenzyl group members were selected as lead compounds for their potent anticancer effects and moderate structural affinity to ER. Microarray expression profiling and gene enrichment analyses (GSEA) of the selected compounds (R1:p-fluorobenzyl: 48, 49, 50, 51; R1:3,4-difluorobenzyl: 53) helped determine the similarly modulated cellular signaling pathways among derivatives. Moreover, we identified known compounds that have significantly similar gene signatures to that of 51 via queries performed in LINCS database; and further transcriptomics comparisons were made using public GEO datasets (GSE35428, GSE7765, GSE62673). Our results strongly demonstrate that these novel indole-benzimidazoles can modulate ER target gene expression as well as dioxin-mediated aryl hydrocarbon receptor and amino acid deprivation-mediated integrated stress response signaling in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikriye Zengin Karadayi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Yaman
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat Kisla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse G Keskus
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Ates-Alagoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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21
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Kotula-Balak M, Duliban M, Pawlicki P, Tuz R, Bilinska B, Płachno BJ, Arent ZJ, Krakowska I, Tarasiuk K. The meaning of non-classical estrogen receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor for boar Leydig cell of immature testis. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151526. [PMID: 32094002 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Communication in biological systems involves diverse-types of cell-cell interaction including cross-talk between receptors expressed by the target cells. Recently, novel sort of estrogen receptors (G protein - coupled estrogen receptor; GPER and estrogen-related receptor; ERR) that signal directly via estrogen binding and/or via mutual interaction-regulated estrogen signaling were reported in various organs including testis. Peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor (PPAR) is responsible for maintaining of lipid homeostasis that is critical for sex steroid production in the testis. Here, we investigated the role of interaction between GPER, ERRβ and PPARγ in steroidogenic Leydig cells of immature boar testis. Testicular fragments cultured ex vivo were treated with GPER or PPARγ antagonists. Then, cell ultrastructure, expression and localization of GPER, ERRβ, PPARγ together with the molecular receptor mechanism, through cyclic AMP and Raf/Ras/extracellular signal activated kinases (ERK), in the control of cholesterol concentration and estrogen production by Leydig cells were studied. In the ultrastructure of antagonist-treated Leydig cells, mitochondria were not branched and not bifurcated as they were found in control. Additionally, in PPARγ-blocked Leydig cells changes in the number of lipid droplets were revealed. Independent of used antagonist, western blot revealed decreased co-expression of GPER, ERRβ, PPARγ with exception of increased expression of ERRβ after PPARγ blockage. Immunohistochemistry confirmed presence of all receptors partially located in the nucleus or cytoplasm of Leydig cells of both control and treated testes. Changes in receptor expression, decreased cholesterol and increased estradiol tissue concentrations occurred through decreased cAMP level (with exception after GPER blockage) as well as Raf/Ras/ERK pathway expression. These all findings indicate that GPER-ERRβ-PPARγ interaction exists in immature boar testis and regulates Leydig cell function. Further detailed studies and considerations on GPER-ERRβ-PPARγ as possible diagnosis/therapy target in disturbances of testis steroidogenic function are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kotula-Balak
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - M Duliban
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - P Pawlicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - R Tuz
- Department of Swine and Small Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - B Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - B J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Z J Arent
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - I Krakowska
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Tarasiuk
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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22
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Ferreira SR, Goyeneche AA, Heber MF, Abruzzese GA, Telleria CM, Motta AB. Prenatally androgenized female rats develop uterine hyperplasia when adult. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499:110610. [PMID: 31589912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal hyperandrogenization (PH) is hypothesized as one of the main factors contributing to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to androgen excess on the uterus when animals reach their adulthood. We found that PH altered the morphology of the uteri that show a hyperplastic morphology with increased total uterine thickness as well as luminal epithelium thickness, with both enhanced and altered distribution of glands as compared with controls. Morphological alterations were associated with an unbalanced homeostasis as assessed by the expression of regulators of cell cycle progression and cell death dynamics. PH also causes disturbances in the cell cycle of the uterine tissue and dysregulates cell death and survival pathways leading to the development of uterine hyperplasia. These findings suggest that PH may have a deleterious effect on the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Rocío Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina.
| | - Alicia Alejandra Goyeneche
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - María Florencia Heber
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
| | - Giselle Adriana Abruzzese
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
| | - Carlos Marcelo Telleria
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alicia Beatriz Motta
- Laboratorio de Fisio-Patología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
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23
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Xu Z, Zheng X, Xia X, Wang X, Luo N, Huang B, Pan X. 17β-estradiol at low concentrations attenuates the efficacy of tamoxifen in breast cancer therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113228. [PMID: 31563769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen has been applied widely in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. The impact of low concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) (a pervasive environmental pollutant) on its effectiveness was studied in vitro using an MCF-7 cell line. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were studied along with cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potentials repression. The signaling pathways involved were identified. Typical concentrations of E2 in the environment (10-10 to 10-8 M) were observed to promote cell growth and protect MCF-7 cells from tamoxifen's cytotoxicity. Cell migration, invasion, cell cycle progression and apoptosis all involved in reducing tamoxifen's cytotoxicity. E2 at environmental concentrations induced PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signal transduction through the estrogen receptor pathways to affect cell proliferation. Taken together, the results explain how E2 in the environment may attenuate the efficacy of tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer therapy. They provide considerable support for E2's adverse effects on human health and cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Faculty of Life Science & Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xianyao Zheng
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science & Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Nao Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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24
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Rahman MM, Brane AC, Tollefsbol TO. MicroRNAs and Epigenetics Strategies to Reverse Breast Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101214. [PMID: 31597272 PMCID: PMC6829616 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a sporadic disease with genetic and epigenetic components. Genomic instability in breast cancer leads to mutations, copy number variations, and genetic rearrangements, while epigenetic remodeling involves alteration by DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNAs (miRNAs) of gene expression profiles. The accrued scientific findings strongly suggest epigenetic dysregulation in breast cancer pathogenesis though genomic instability is central to breast cancer hallmarks. Being reversible and plastic, epigenetic processes appear more amenable toward therapeutic intervention than the more unidirectional genetic alterations. In this review, we discuss the epigenetic reprogramming associated with breast cancer such as shuffling of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and miRNAs expression profiles. As part of this, we illustrate how epigenetic instability orchestrates the attainment of cancer hallmarks which stimulate the neoplastic transformation-tumorigenesis-malignancy cascades. As reversibility of epigenetic controls is a promising feature to optimize for devising novel therapeutic approaches, we also focus on the strategies for restoring the epistate that favor improved disease outcome and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Andrew C Brane
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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25
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Milon A, Kaczmarczyk M, Pawlicki P, Bilinska B, Duliban M, Gorowska-Wojtowicz E, Tworzydlo W, Kotula-Balak M. Do estrogens regulate lipid status in testicular steroidogenic Leydig cell? Acta Histochem 2019; 121:611-618. [PMID: 31126612 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study mouse Leydig cell (MA-10) were treated with G-protein coupled membrane estrogen receptor antagonist (G-15; 10 nM). Cells were analyzed by Western blotting for expression of estrogen-related receptors (ERRα, β and γ), steroidogenic markers (lutropin receptor; LHR and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; 3β-HSD) and lipid droplet markers (perilipin; PLIN and microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B-light chain 3; LC3). Concomitantly, microscopic analyses by light microscope (immunofluorescent staining for lipid droplets, PLIN and LC3) as well as by electron microscope (for lipid droplet ultrastructure) were utilized. For analysis of cholesterol content, cAMP level and progesterone secretion, G-15, estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist (ICI 182,780; 10 μM), 17β-estradiol (10 mM) and, bisphenol A (BPA; 10 nM) were used alone or in combinations. We revealed no changes in ERRs expression but alterations in ERRβ and γ localization in G-15-treated cells when compared to control. Partial translocation of ERRβ and γ from the cell nucleus to cytoplasm was observed. Decreased expression of LHR, 3β-HSD, PLIN and LC3 was detected. Moreover, in treated cells large lipid droplets and differences in their distribution were found. Very strong signal of co-localization for PLIN and LC3 was found in treated cells when compared to control. In ultrastructure of treated cells, degenerating lipid droplets and double membrane indicating on presence of lipophagosome were observed. We found, that only (i) BPA and G-15 did not effect on cholesterol content, (ii) BPA, G-15 and ICI did not effect on cAMP level and (iii) BPA, ICI alone and in combination, and BPA with G-15 did not modulate progesterone secretion. These findings showed complex and diverse estrogen effects on mouse Leydig cells at various steps of steroid hormone production (cholesterol storage, release and processing). Lipid homeostasis and metabolism in these cells were affected by endogenous and exogenous estrogen, interactions of receptors (GPER, ER and ERR) and GPER and ER antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Milon
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Pawlicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Duliban
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - E Gorowska-Wojtowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - W Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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van den Berg M, van Duursen MB. Mechanistic considerations for reduced endometrial cancer risk by smoking. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pawlicki P, Hejmej A, Milon A, Lustofin K, Płachno BJ, Tworzydlo W, Gorowska-Wojtowicz E, Pawlicka B, Kotula-Balak M, Bilinska B. Telocytes in the mouse testicular interstitium: implications of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and estrogen-related receptor (ERR) in the regulation of mouse testicular interstitial cells. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:393-408. [PMID: 30187340 PMCID: PMC6510843 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), a novel type of interstitial cells, are involved in tissue homeostasis maintenance. This study aimed to investigate TC presence in the interstitium of mouse testis. Additionally, inactivation of the G-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (GPER) in the testis was performed to obtain insight into TC function, regulation, and interaction with other interstitial cells. Mice were injected with a GPER antagonist (G-15; 50 μg/kg bw), and the GPER-signaling effect on TC distribution, ultrastructure, and function, as well as the interstitial tissue interaction of GPER with estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), was examined. Microscopic observations of TC morphology were performed with the use of scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Telocyte functional markers (CD34; c-kit; platelet-derived growth factor receptors α and β, PDGFRα and β; vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF; and vimentin) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence and Western blot. mRNA expression of CD34 as well as ERR α, β, and γ was measured by qRT-PCR. Relaxin and Ca2+ concentrations were analyzed by immunoenzymatic and colorimetric assays, respectively. For the first time, we reveal the presence of TCs in the interstitium together with the peritubular area of mouse testis. Telocytes were characterized by specific features such as a small cell body and extremely long prolongations, constituting a three-dimensional network mainly around the interstitial cells. Expression of all TC protein markers was confirmed. Based on scanning electron microscopic observation in GPER-blocked testis, groups of TCs were frequently seen. No changes were found in TC ultrastructure in GPER-blocked testis when compared to the control. However, tendency to TC number change (increase) after the blockage was observed. Concomitantly, no changes in mRNA CD34 expression and increase in ERR expression were detected in GPER-blocked testes. In addition, Ca2+ was unchanged; however, an increase in relaxin concentration was observed. Telocytes are an important component of the mouse testicular interstitium, possibly taking part in maintaining its microenvironment as well as contractile and secretory functions (via themselves or via controlling of other interstitial cells). These cells should be considered a unique and useful target cell type for the prevention and treatment of testicular interstitial tissue disorders based on estrogen-signaling disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawlicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Hejmej
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Milon
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lustofin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Gorowska-Wojtowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadetta Pawlicka
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Barbara Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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Haque MM, Desai KV. Pathways to Endocrine Therapy Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:573. [PMID: 31496995 PMCID: PMC6712962 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers with positive expression of Estrogen Receptor (ER+) are treated with anti-hormone/endocrine therapy which targets the activity of the receptor, the half-life of the receptor or the availability of estrogen. This has significantly decreased mortality in women with ER+ breast cancer, however, about 25-30% of treated women run the risk or recurrence due to either intrinsic or acquired resistance to endocrine therapies. While ER itself is a predictor of response to such therapies, there exists a need to find more biomarkers and novel targets to treat resistant tumors. In this review, we summarize the known mechanisms and describe the ability of genomics in unraveling rare mutations and gene rearrangements that may impact the development of resistance and therefore treatment of ER+ breast cancer in the near future.
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Oyenihi OR, Krygsman A, Verhoog N, de Beer D, Saayman MJ, Mouton TM, Louw A. Chemoprevention of LA7-Induced Mammary Tumor Growth by SM6Met, a Well-Characterized Cyclopia Extract. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:650. [PMID: 29973879 PMCID: PMC6019492 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Chemoprevention of BC by using plant extracts is gaining attention. SM6Met, a well-characterized extract of Cyclopia subternata with reported selective estrogen receptor subtype activity, has shown tumor suppressive effects in a chemically induced BC model in rats, which is known to be estrogen responsive. However, there is no information on the estrogen sensitivity of the relatively new orthotopic model of LA7 cell-induced mammary tumors. In the present study, the potential chemopreventative and side-effect profile of SM6Met on LA7 cell-induced tumor growth was evaluated, as was the effects of 17β-estradiol and standard-of-care (SOC) endocrine therapies, such as tamoxifen (TAM), letrozole (LET), and fulvestrant (FUL). Tumor growth was observed in the tumor-vehicle control group until day 10 post tumor induction, which declined afterward on days 12-14. SM6Met suppressed tumor growth to the same extent as TAM, while LET, but not FUL, also showed substantial anti-tumor effects. Short-term 17β-estradiol treatment reduced tumor volume on days prior to day 10, whereas tumor promoting effects were observed during long-term treatment, which was especially evident at later time points. Marked elevation in serum markers of liver injury, which was further supported by histological evaluation, was observed in the vehicle-treated tumor control, TAM, LET, and long-term 17β-estradiol treatment groups. Alterations in the lipid profiles were also observed in the 17β-estradiol treatment groups. In contrast, SM6Met did not augment the increase in serum levels of liver injury biomarkers caused by tumor induction and no effect was observed on lipid profiles. In summary, the results from the current study demonstrate the chemopreventative effect of SM6Met on mammary tumor growth, which was comparable to that of TAM, without eliciting the negative side-effects observed with this SOC endocrine therapy. Furthermore, the results of this study also showed some responsiveness of LA7-induced tumors to estrogen and SOC endocrine therapies. Thus, this model may be useful in evaluating potential endocrine therapies for hormone responsive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola R. Oyenihi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Annadie Krygsman
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nicolette Verhoog
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Dalene de Beer
- Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council of South Africa, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Michael J. Saayman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thys M. Mouton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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A trisubstituted pyrazole derivative reduces DMBA-induced mammary tumor growth in rats by inhibiting estrogen receptor-α expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 449:137-144. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
The Androgen Receptor (AR), a member of the steroid hormone receptor family, plays important roles in the physiology and pathology of diverse tissues. AR ligands, which include circulating testosterone and locally synthesized dihydrotestosterone, bind to and activate the AR to elicit their effects. Ubiquitous expression of the AR, metabolism and cross reactivity with other receptors limit broad therapeutic utilization of steroidal androgens. However, the discovery of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) and other tissue-selective nuclear hormone receptor modulators that activate their cognate receptors in a tissue-selective manner provides an opportunity to promote the beneficial effects of androgens and other hormones in target tissues with greatly reduced unwanted side-effects. In the last two decades, significant resources have been dedicated to the discovery and biological characterization of SARMs in an effort to harness the untapped potential of the AR. SARMs have been proposed as treatments of choice for various diseases, including muscle-wasting, breast cancer, and osteoporosis. This review provides insight into the evolution of SARMs from proof-of-concept agents to the cusp of therapeutic use in less than two decades, while covering contemporary views of their mechanisms of action and therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Narayanan
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | | | - James T Dalton
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Giurato G, Nassa G, Salvati A, Alexandrova E, Rizzo F, Nyman TA, Weisz A, Tarallo R. Quantitative mapping of RNA-mediated nuclear estrogen receptor β interactome in human breast cancer cells. Sci Data 2018; 5:180031. [PMID: 29509190 PMCID: PMC5839158 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2, ERβ) modulates cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth, exerting an oncosuppressive role in breast cancer (BC). Interaction proteomics by tandem affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry was previously applied in BC cells to identify proteins acting in concert with ERβ to control key cellular functions, including gene transcription, RNA splicing and post-transcriptional mRNA regulation. These studies revealed an involvement of RNA in ERβ interactome assembly and functions. By applying native protein complex purification followed by nano LC-MS/MS before and after in vitro RNA removal, we generated a large dataset of newly identified nuclear ERβ interactors, including a subset associating with the receptor via RNA bridging. These datasets will be useful to investigate further the role of ERβ, nuclear RNAs and the other proteins identified here in BC and other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.,Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Elena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
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Mishra AK, Abrahamsson A, Dabrosin C. Fulvestrant inhibits growth of triple negative breast cancer and synergizes with tamoxifen in ERα positive breast cancer by up-regulation of ERβ. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56876-56888. [PMID: 27486755 PMCID: PMC5302959 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) is used as a predictive marker for anti-estrogen therapy in breast cancer patients. In addition to aromatase inhibitors, ERα can be targeted at the receptor level using the receptor modulator tamoxifen or by the pure anti-estrogen fulvestrant. The role of the second ER, ER-beta (ERβ), as a therapeutic target or prognostic marker in breast cancer is still elusive. Hitherto, it is not known if ERα+/ERβ+ breast cancers would benefit from a treatment strategy combining tamoxifen and fulvestrant or if fulvestrant exert any therapeutic effects in ERα-/ERβ+ breast cancer. Here, we report that fulvestrant up-regulated ERβ in ERα+/ERβ+ breast cancer and in triple negative ERβ+ breast cancers (ERα-/ERβ+). In ERα+/ERβ+ breast cancer, a combination therapy of tamoxifen and fulvestrant significantly reduced tumor growth compared to either treatment alone both in vivo and in vitro. In ERα-/ERβ+ breast cancer fulvestrant had potent effects on cancer growth, in vivo as well as in vitro, and this effect was dependent on intrinsically expressed levels of ERβ. The role of ERβ was further confirmed in cells where ERβ was knocked-in or knocked-down. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) increased the levels of ERβ and fulvestrant exerted similar potency on DNMT activity as the DNMT inhibitor decitabine. We conclude that fulvestrant may have therapeutic potential in additional groups of breast cancer patients; i) in ERα+/ERβ+ breast cancer where fulvestrant synergizes with tamoxifen and ii) in triple negative/ERβ+ breast cancer patients, a subgroup of breast cancer patients with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameet K Mishra
- Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annelie Abrahamsson
- Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Dabrosin
- Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Sukocheva OA. Estrogen, estrogen receptors, and hepatocellular carcinoma: Are we there yet? World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1-4. [PMID: 29358876 PMCID: PMC5757114 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A protective role of the sex steroid hormone estrogen in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was suggested a few decades ago according to clinical data showing higher HCC morbidity and mortality among males. Several recent studies further confirmed the anti-cancer effects of estrogen in the liver. However, it remains to be identified how to exploit estrogen signalling within clinical settings for HCC treatment. There are several unresolved issues related to the estrogen pathway in liver cells. The main problems include the absence of a clear understanding of which estrogen receptor (ER) isoform is predominantly expressed in normal and malignant liver cells, the ER isoform expression difference between males and females, and which ER isoform should be targeted when designing HCC therapy. Some of those questions were recently addressed by Iyer and co-authors. The current editorial review critically analyses the study by Iyer et al (WJG, 2017) that investigated the expression of ER subtypes in liver samples collected from patients with a healthy liver, hepatitis C virus cirrhosis, and HCC. ER presence was evaluated in association with gender, intracellular localization, inflammation marker NF-κB, and proliferation-related effector cyclin D1. The study limitations and advantages are discussed in light of recent advances in the HCC and estrogen signalling areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park 5042, Australia
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Iyer JK, Kalra M, Kaul A, Payton ME, Kaul R. Estrogen receptor expression in chronic hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6802-6816. [PMID: 29085224 PMCID: PMC5645614 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i37.6802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate gender-specific liver estrogen receptor (ER) expression in normal subjects and patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS Liver tissues from normal donors and patients diagnosed with HCV-related cirrhosis and HCV-related HCC were obtained from the NIH Liver Tissue and Cell Distribution System. The expression of ER subtypes, ERα and ERβ, were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. The subcellular distribution of ERα and ERβ was further determined in nuclear and cytoplasmic tissue lysates along with the expression of inflammatory [activated NF-κB and IκB-kinase (IKK)] and oncogenic (cyclin D1) markers by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The expression of ERα and ERβ was correlated with the expression of activated NF-κB, activated IKK and cyclin D1 by Spearman’s correlation.
RESULTS Both ER subtypes were expressed in normal livers but male livers showed significantly higher expression of ERα than females (P < 0.05). We observed significantly higher mRNA expression of ERα in HCV-related HCC liver tissues as compared to normals (P < 0.05) and ERβ in livers of HCV-related cirrhosis and HCV-related HCC subjects (P < 0.05). At the protein level, there was a significantly higher expression of nuclear ERα in livers of HCV-related HCC patients and nuclear ERβ in HCV-related cirrhosis patients as compared to normals (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed a significantly higher expression of phosphorylated NF-κB and cyclin D1 in diseased livers (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expression of nuclear ER subtypes and nuclear cyclin D1 and a negative correlation between cytoplasmic ER subtypes and cytoplasmic phosphorylated IKK in HCV-related HCC livers. These findings suggest that dysregulated expression of ER subtypes following chronic HCV-infection may contribute to the progression of HCV-related cirrhosis to HCV-related HCC.
CONCLUSION Gender differences were observed in ERα expression in normal livers. Alterations in ER subtype expression observed in diseased livers may influence gender-related disparity in HCV-related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki K Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University-Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, United States
- (Current Affiliation) Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK 74464, United States
| | - Mamta Kalra
- Immatics US Inc, Houston, TX 77077, United States
| | - Anil Kaul
- Health Care Administration, Oklahoma State University-Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, United States
| | - Mark E Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Rashmi Kaul
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University-Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, United States
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Tarallo R, Giurato G, Bruno G, Ravo M, Rizzo F, Salvati A, Ricciardi L, Marchese G, Cordella A, Rocco T, Gigantino V, Pierri B, Cimmino G, Milanesi L, Ambrosino C, Nyman TA, Nassa G, Weisz A. The nuclear receptor ERβ engages AGO2 in regulation of gene transcription, RNA splicing and RISC loading. Genome Biol 2017; 18:189. [PMID: 29017520 PMCID: PMC5634881 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RNA-binding protein Argonaute 2 (AGO2) is a key effector of RNA-silencing pathways It exerts a pivotal role in microRNA maturation and activity and can modulate chromatin remodeling, transcriptional gene regulation and RNA splicing. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is endowed with oncosuppressive activities, antagonizing hormone-induced carcinogenesis and inhibiting growth and oncogenic functions in luminal-like breast cancers (BCs), where its expression correlates with a better prognosis of the disease. RESULTS Applying interaction proteomics coupled to mass spectrometry to characterize nuclear factors cooperating with ERβ in gene regulation, we identify AGO2 as a novel partner of ERβ in human BC cells. ERβ-AGO2 association was confirmed in vitro and in vivo in both the nucleus and cytoplasm and is shown to be RNA-mediated. ChIP-Seq demonstrates AGO2 association with a large number of ERβ binding sites, and total and nascent RNA-Seq in ERβ + vs ERβ - cells, and before and after AGO2 knock-down in ERβ + cells, reveals a widespread involvement of this factor in ERβ-mediated regulation of gene transcription rate and RNA splicing. Moreover, isolation and sequencing by RIP-Seq of ERβ-associated long and small RNAs in the cytoplasm suggests involvement of the nuclear receptor in RISC loading, indicating that it may also be able to directly control mRNA translation efficiency and stability. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that AGO2 can act as a pleiotropic functional partner of ERβ, indicating that both factors are endowed with multiple roles in the control of key cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bruno
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Maria Ravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Luca Ricciardi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marchese
- Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Rocco
- Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Valerio Gigantino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Pierri
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Milanesi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segregate, MI, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- IRGS Biogem, Ariano Irpino, AV, Italy
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy.
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Rota SG, Roma A, Dude I, Ma C, Stevens R, MacEachern J, Graczyk J, Espiritu SMG, Rao PN, Minden MD, Kreinin E, Hess DA, Doxey AC, Spagnuolo PA. Estrogen Receptor β Is a Novel Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2618-2626. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mansouri S, Farahmand L, Hosseinzade A, Eslami-S Z, Majidzadeh-A K. Estrogen can restore Tamoxifen sensitivity in breast cancer cells amidst the complex network of resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1320-1325. [PMID: 28747013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer-related deaths have been on the decline ever since the application of systemic therapies. Chiefly, endocrine therapy, such as Tamoxifen, enhances the survival of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive patients. More than a decade has passed since the introduction of Tamoxifen, however, drug resistance, particularly to Tamoxifen, still remains a major challenge. It has been shown that not only does chronic Tamoxifen exposures induce resistance, but estrogen deprivation can as well. There are two Tamoxifen resistant cell lines, long term estrogen deprived (LTED) cells and cells that have acquired resistance due to long-term exposure to Tamoxifen (Tam-R). Despite having similar cytosolic pathways over-activated in Tam-R and LTED-R cells during the development of resistance, the administration of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) inhibitors fail to restore Tamoxifen sensitivity in LTED-Rs. This alludes to existing differences in the underlying molecular mechanisms of resistance. Surprisingly, despite estrogen being recognized as a breast cancer stimulator; it has recently been introduced as an apoptotic inducer in unresponsive cells. Furthermore, the addition of estrogen to the media of LTED and Tam-R cells triggers cell death, perhaps is functioning as an anti-proliferative agent. In this review, we outline the molecular pathways potentially facilitating estrogen-induced apoptosis in resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mansouri
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysooda Hosseinzade
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Eslami-S
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Rossi EL, Dunlap SM, Bowers LW, Khatib SA, Doerstling SS, Smith LA, Ford NA, Holley D, Brown PH, Estecio MR, Kusewitt DF, deGraffenried LA, Bultman SJ, Hursting SD. Energy Balance Modulation Impacts Epigenetic Reprogramming, ERα and ERβ Expression, and Mammary Tumor Development in MMTV-neu Transgenic Mice. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2500-2511. [PMID: 28373182 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The association between obesity and breast cancer risk and prognosis is well established in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease but less clear in HER2-positive disease. Here, we report preclinical evidence suggesting weight maintenance through calorie restriction (CR) may limit risk of HER2-positive breast cancer. In female MMTV-HER2/neu transgenic mice, we found that ERα and ERβ expression, mammary tumorigenesis, and survival are energy balance dependent in association with epigenetic reprogramming. Mice were randomized to receive a CR, overweight-inducing, or diet-induced obesity regimen (n = 27/group). Subsets of mice (n = 4/group/time point) were euthanized after 1, 3, and 5 months to characterize diet-dependent metabolic, transcriptional, and epigenetic perturbations. Remaining mice were followed up to 22 months. Relative to the overweight and diet-induced obesity regimens, CR decreased body weight, adiposity, and serum metabolic hormones as expected and also elicited an increase in mammary ERα and ERβ expression. Increased DNA methylation accompanied this pattern, particularly at CpG dinucleotides located within binding or flanking regions for the transcriptional regulator CCCTC-binding factor of ESR1 and ESR2, consistent with sustained transcriptional activation of ERα and ERβ. Mammary expression of the DNA methylation enzyme DNMT1 was stable in CR mice but increased over time in overweight and diet-induced obesity mice, suggesting CR obviates epigenetic alterations concurrent with chronic excess energy intake. In the survival study, CR elicited a significant suppression in spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis. Overall, our findings suggest a mechanistic rationale to prevent or reverse excess body weight as a strategy to reduce HER2-positive breast cancer risk. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2500-11. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Rossi
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sarah M Dunlap
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Subreen A Khatib
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura A Smith
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nikki A Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Darcy Holley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marcos R Estecio
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas
| | - Donna F Kusewitt
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas
| | | | - Scott J Bultman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Cohen AL, Factor RE, Mooney K, Salama ME, Wade M, Serpico V, Ostrander E, Nelson E, Porretta J, Matsen C, Bernard P, Boucher K, Neumayer L. POWERPIINC (PreOperative Window of Endocrine TheRapy Provides Information to Increase Compliance) trial: Changes in tumor proliferation index and quality of life with 7 days of preoperative tamoxifen. Breast 2016; 31:219-223. [PMID: 27915204 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A decrease in Ki67 during neoadjuvant therapy predicts response to tamoxifen. Previous trials have shown a decreased Ki67 in breast tumors with as little as two or more weeks of preoperative tamoxifen. Shortening the preoperative treatment time in window of opportunity clinical trials makes these trials more attractive to women. POWERPIINC examined the effect of 7 days of preoperative tamoxifen on breast tumor proliferation and patient symptoms. METHODS Women with untreated stage I/II, ER-positive, invasive breast cancer with no contraindications to tamoxifen were enrolled. Women received 20 mg of tamoxifen for 7 days up to the day of surgery. Proliferation was assessed by Ki67 immunohistochemistry before and after 7 days of tamoxifen. Symptoms and QOL were assessed by the FACT-ES and MENQOL. Adherence was measured by pill counts. RESULTS 52 women were enrolled, and 44 were evaluable for Ki67. The median age was 58.5 years, and the median tumor diameter was 1.2 cm. Most women (73%) were post-menopausal. Most tumors were PR positive (88%) and HER2-negative (92%). The Ki67 decreased by a geometric mean of 40% (95% CI 29%-63%), and 73% (95% CI 57%-85%) of women had tumors with decreased proliferation (p = 0.0001 by paired t-test). Adherence to taking tamoxifen during the preoperative period was 100%. Women reported minimal bother from psychosocial or physical symptoms at baseline or on the day of surgery. CONCLUSION Seven days of tamoxifen showed a similar relative decrease in Ki67 as that reported for longer courses, was acceptable to women, and could be considered for window of opportunity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Cohen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Utah, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA.
| | - Rachel E Factor
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, ARUP Laboratories, 15 North Medical Drive East, Ste #1100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kathi Mooney
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA; College of Nursing, University of Utah, 10 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mohamed E Salama
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, ARUP Laboratories, 15 North Medical Drive East, Ste #1100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mark Wade
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA
| | - Victoria Serpico
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Utah, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA
| | - Emily Ostrander
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA
| | - Edward Nelson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA
| | - Jane Porretta
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA
| | - Cindy Matsen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA
| | - Philip Bernard
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, ARUP Laboratories, 15 North Medical Drive East, Ste #1100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ken Boucher
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Utah, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA
| | - Leigh Neumayer
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, USA
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Choubey SK, Mariadasse R, Rajendran S, Jeyaraman J. Identification of novel histone deacetylase 1 inhibitors by combined pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR analysis, in silico screening and Density Functional Theory (DFT) approaches. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Khalid S, Hanif R, Tareen SH, Siddiqa A, Bibi Z, Ahmad J. Formal modeling and analysis of ER- α associated Biological Regulatory Network in breast cancer. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2542. [PMID: 27781158 PMCID: PMC5075711 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading cause of death among females worldwide. The increasing incidence of BC is due to various genetic and environmental changes which lead to the disruption of cellular signaling network(s). It is a complex disease in which several interlinking signaling cascades play a crucial role in establishing a complex regulatory network. The logical modeling approach of René Thomas has been applied to analyze the behavior of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) associated Biological Regulatory Network (BRN) for a small part of complex events that leads to BC metastasis. METHODS A discrete model was constructed using the kinetic logic formalism and its set of logical parameters were obtained using the model checking technique implemented in the SMBioNet software which is consistent with biological observations. The discrete model was further enriched with continuous dynamics by converting it into an equivalent Petri Net (PN) to analyze the logical parameters of the involved entities. RESULTS In-silico based discrete and continuous modeling of ER-α associated signaling network involved in BC provides information about behaviors and gene-gene interaction in detail. The dynamics of discrete model revealed, imperative behaviors represented as cyclic paths and trajectories leading to pathogenic states such as metastasis. Results suggest that the increased expressions of receptors ER-α, IGF-1R and EGFR slow down the activity of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) such as BRCA1, p53 and Mdm2 which can lead to metastasis. Therefore, IGF-1R and EGFR are considered as important inhibitory targets to control the metastasis in BC. CONCLUSION The in-silico approaches allow us to increase our understanding of the functional properties of living organisms. It opens new avenues of investigations of multiple inhibitory targets (ER-α, IGF-1R and EGFR) for wet lab experiments as well as provided valuable insights in the treatment of cancers such as BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samra Khalid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB)/Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rumeza Hanif
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB)/Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samar H.K. Tareen
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Amnah Siddiqa
- Research Center for Modeling & Simulation (RCMS), National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zurah Bibi
- Research Center for Modeling & Simulation (RCMS), National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Research Center for Modeling & Simulation (RCMS), National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ma SSQ, Srivastava S, Llamosas E, Hawkins NJ, Hesson LB, Ward RL, Ford CE. ROR2 is epigenetically inactivated in the early stages of colorectal neoplasia and is associated with proliferation and migration. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:508. [PMID: 27440078 PMCID: PMC4955198 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is closely linked to Wnt signalling, with 94 % of cases exhibiting a Wnt related mutation. ROR2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is thought to repress β-catenin dependent Wnt signalling. Our study aims to determine if ROR2 is epigenetically silenced in CRC and determine if in vitro silencing of ROR2 potentiates Wnt signalling, and alters the proliferative, migratory or invasive potential of cells. METHODS ROR2 expression was examined in CRC cell lines and patient adenomas using qRT-PCR, while COBRA and bisulphite sequencing was used to analyse ROR2 promoter methylation. 258 patient primary tumour samples from publicly available databases were also examined for ROR2 expression and methylation. In addition, the functional effects of ROR2 modulation were investigated in HCT116 cells following ROR2 siRNA knockdown and in RKO and SW620 cells following ectopic ROR2 expression. RESULTS Reduced ROR2 expression was found to correlate with ROR2 promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer cell lines, carcinomas and adenomas. ROR2 expression was downregulated in 76.7 % (23/30) of CRC cell lines with increasing ROR2 promoter hypermethylation correlating with progressively lower expression. Analysis of 239 primary tumour samples from a publicly available cohort also found a significant correlation between reduced ROR2 expression and increased promoter methylation. Methylation analysis of 88 adenomas and 47 normal mucosa samples found greater percentage of adenoma samples to be methylated. Additional analysis also revealed that adenoma samples with reduced ROR2 expression also possessed ROR2 promoter hypermethylation. ROR2 knockdown in the CRC cell line HCT116 significantly decreased expression of the β-catenin independent Wnt targets genes JNK and NFATC1, increased cellular proliferation and migration but decreased invasion. When ROR2 was ectopically expressed in RKO and SW620 cells, there was no significant change to either cellular proliferation or migration. CONCLUSION ROR2 is frequently epigenetically inactivated by promoter hypermethylation in the early stages of colorectal neoplasia and this may contribute to colorectal cancer progression by increasing cellular proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S. Q. Ma
- />Metastasis Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sameer Srivastava
- />Colorectal Cancer Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
- />Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211004 India
| | - Estelle Llamosas
- />Metastasis Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Hawkins
- />Mayne Medical School, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane St Lucia, Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Luke B. Hesson
- />Colorectal Cancer Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Robyn L. Ward
- />Colorectal Cancer Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Caroline E. Ford
- />Metastasis Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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Zhou K, Sun P, Zhang Y, You X, Li P, Wang T. Estrogen stimulated migration and invasion of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells involves an ezrin-dependent crosstalk between G protein-coupled receptor 30 and estrogen receptor beta signaling. Steroids 2016; 111:113-120. [PMID: 26850467 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen mediates important cellular activities in estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer cells via membrane associated G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). However, the biological role and mechanism of estrogen action on cell motility and invasion in this aggressive kind of tumors remains poorly understood. We showed here that treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2) in ER-negative cancer cells resulted in ezrin-dependent cytoskeleton rearrangement and elicited a stimulatory effect on cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, E2 induced ezrin activation was mediated by distinct mechanisms in different cell contexts. In SK-BR-3 cells with a high GPR30/ERβ ratio, silencing of GPR30 was able to abolish E2 induced ERK1/2, AKT phosphorylation and ezrin activation, whereas in MDA-MB-231 cells with low GPR30/ERβ ratio, E2 stimulated ezrin activation was mediated by the ERβ/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Importantly, we showed that activation of GPR30 signaling significantly prevents ERβ activation induced ezrin phosphorylation, cell migration and invasion, indicating an antagonist effect between GPR30 and ERβ signaling in MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings highlight the important interplay between different estrogen receptors in estrogen induced cell motility and invasiveness in ER-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchao You
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinghuai Wang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Ahmed NS, Elghazawy NH, ElHady AK, Engel M, Hartmann RW, Abadi AH. Design and synthesis of novel tamoxifen analogues that avoid CYP2D6 metabolism. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 112:171-179. [PMID: 26896706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is a widely used drug in the prophylaxis and treatment of breast cancer. TAM is metabolized to the more active 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH-TAM) and endoxifen by cytochrome P450 (CYP) mainly CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes. Due to the genetic polymorphisms in CYP2D6 genes, high variation in the clinical outcomes of TAM treatment is observed among women of different populations. To address this issue, novel TAM analogues with possible altered activation pathways were synthesized. These analogues were tested for their antiproliferative action on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines as well as their binding affinity for estrogen receptor (ER) ER-α and ER-β receptors. These entire novel compounds showed better antiproliferative activity than did TAM on the MCF-7 cells. Moreover, compound 10 exhibited a half maximal growth inhibition (GI50) that was 1000 times more potent than that of TAM (GI50 < 0.005 μM vs 1.58 μM, respectively). Along with a broad spectrum activity on various cancer cell lines, all the TAM analogues showed considerable activity on the ER-negative breast cancer cell line. For further study, compound 10 was incubated in human liver microsomes (HLM), human hepatocytes (hHEP) and CYP2D6 supersomes. The active hydroxyl metabolite was detected after incubation in HLM and hHEP, implicating the involvement of other enzymes in its metabolism. These results prove that this novel series of TAM analogues might provide improved clinical outcomes for poor 2D6 metabolizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal H Elghazawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K ElHady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Matthias Engel
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland and Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W Hartmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland and Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt.
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Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou KA, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG. Targeting Androgen/Estrogen Receptors Crosstalk in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2015; 2:35-48. [PMID: 28741499 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The actions of estrogens are mediated by estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ. Recent genomic landscaping of ERα- and ERβ-binding sites has revealed important distinctions regarding their transcriptional activity. ERβ and its isoforms have been correlated with endocrine treatment responsiveness in breast tumors, while post-translational modifications, receptor dimerization patterns, and subcellular localization are increasingly recognized as crucial modulators in prostate carcinogenesis. Androgen receptor (AR) is essential for the development and progression of prostate cancer as well as of certain breast cancer types. The balance between the activity of these two hormone receptors and their molecular interactions in different clinical settings is influenced by several coregulators. This comprises a dynamic regulatory network enhancing or limiting the activity of AR-directed treatments in breast and prostate tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the molecular background regarding the therapeutic targeting of androgen/estrogen receptor crosstalk in breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis V Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Kostas A Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Adamopoulos
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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47
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van Dam PA, van Dam VCN, Altintas S, Papadimitriou K, Rolfo C, Trinh XB. Neoadjuvant endocrine treatment in early breast cancer: An overlooked alternative? Eur J Surg Oncol 2015; 42:333-42. [PMID: 26776766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) has moved from being reserved for elderly and frail non-chemotherapy candidates to a primary systemic modality in selected patients with hormone sensitive breast cancer. Neoadjuvant hormonal treatment in patients with hormone receptor positive, HER-2 negative early breast cancer is proven to be an effective and safe option; it is associated with a higher rate of breast conserving surgery (BCS), may reduce the need for adjuvant chemotherapy and enables a delay of surgery for medical or practical reasons. Clinical responses range from 13% to 100% with at least 3 months of NET. Methods of assessing response should include MRI of the breast, particularly in lobular tumours. In studies comparing tamoxifen with aromatase inhibitors (AI), AI proved to be superior in terms of tumour response and rates of BCS. Change in Ki67 is accepted as a validated endpoint for comparing endocrine neoadjuvant agents. Levels of Ki67 during treatment are more closely related to long-term prognosis than pretreatment Ki67. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy provides a unique opportunity for studies of endocrine responsiveness and the development of new experimental drugs combined with systemic hormonal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A van Dam
- Breast Unit of the Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium.
| | - V C N van Dam
- Centre of Oncologic Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium
| | - S Altintas
- Breast Unit of the Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
| | - K Papadimitriou
- Breast Unit of the Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
| | - C Rolfo
- Breast Unit of the Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Fase 1 Unit for Experimental Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
| | - X B Trinh
- Breast Unit of the Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
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O'Shaughnessy J, Campone M, Brain E, Neven P, Hayes D, Bondarenko I, Griffin TW, Martin J, De Porre P, Kheoh T, Yu MK, Peng W, Johnston S. Abiraterone acetate, exemestane or the combination in postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2015; 27:106-13. [PMID: 26504153 PMCID: PMC4684153 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors is a major obstacle in the management of estrogen receptor-positive postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer. The addition of abiraterone acetate to exemestane did not improve clinical outcomes compared with exemestane alone in an androgen receptor-enriched population, potentially due to induced serum progesterone as a resistance mechanism. Background Androgen receptor (AR) signaling and incomplete inhibition of estrogen signaling may contribute to metastatic breast cancer (MBC) resistance to a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI; letrozole or anastrozole). We assessed whether combined inhibition of androgen biosynthesis with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone and estradiol synthesis with exemestane (E) may be of clinical benefit to postmenopausal patients with NSAI-pretreated estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MBC. Patients and methods Patients (N = 297) were stratified by the number of prior therapies for metastatic disease (0–1 versus 2) and by prior NSAI use (adjuvant versus metastatic), and randomized (1 : 1 : 1) to receive oral once daily 1000 mg abiraterone acetate plus 5 mg prednisone (AA) versus AA with 25 mg E (AAE) versus 25 mg E alone (E). Each treatment arm was well balanced with regard to the proportion of patients with AR-positive breast cancer. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival, clinical benefit rate, duration of response, and overall response rate. Results There was no significant difference in PFS with AA versus E (3.7 versus 3.7 months; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–1.60; P = 0.437) or AAE versus E (4.5 versus 3.7 months; HR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.70–1.32; P = 0.794). Increased serum progesterone concentrations were observed in both arms receiving AA, but not with E. Grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent adverse events associated with AA, including hypokalemia and hypertension, were less common in patients in the E (2.0% and 2.9%, respectively) and AA arms (3.4% and 1.1%, respectively) than in the AAE arm (5.8% for both). Conclusions Adding AA to E in NSAI-pretreated ER+ MBC patients did not improve PFS compared with treatment with E. An AA-induced progesterone increase may have contributed to this lack of clinical activity. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01381874.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O'Shaughnessy
- Texas Oncology-Baylor Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center/US Oncology, Dallas, USA
| | - M Campone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes
| | - E Brain
- Departments of Clinical Research and Medical Oncology, Hôpital René Huguenin, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - P Neven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Hayes
- Breast Oncology Program, The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - I Bondarenko
- Oncology Department, Municipal Clinical Hospital #4, State Medical Academy, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
| | - T W Griffin
- Janssen Research & Development, Los Angeles, USA
| | - J Martin
- Janssen Research & Development, High Wycombe, UK
| | - P De Porre
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - T Kheoh
- Janssen Research & Development, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M K Yu
- Janssen Research & Development, Los Angeles, USA
| | - W Peng
- Janssen Research & Development, Los Angeles, USA
| | - S Johnston
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden Hospital and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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49
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Hieken TJ, Carter JM, Hawse JR, Hoskin TL, Bois M, Frost M, Hartmann LC, Radisky DC, Visscher DW, Degnim AC. ERβ expression and breast cancer risk prediction for women with atypias. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1084-92. [PMID: 26276747 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) β is highly expressed in normal breast epithelium and a putative tumor suppressor. Atypical hyperplasia substantially increases breast cancer risk, but identification of biomarkers to further improve risk stratification is needed. We evaluated ERβ expression in breast tissues from women with atypical hyperplasia and association with subsequent breast cancer risk. ERβ expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in a well-characterized 171-women cohort with atypical hyperplasia diagnosed 1967-1991. Nuclear ERβ percent and intensity was scored in the atypia and adjacent normal lobules. An ERβ sum score (percent + intensity) was calculated and grouped as low, moderate, or high. Competing risks regression was used to assess associations of ERβ expression with breast cancer risk. After 15-year median follow-up, 36 women developed breast cancer. ERβ expression was lower in atypia lobules in than normal lobules, by percent staining and intensity (both P < 0.001). Higher ERβ expression in the atypia or normal lobules, evaluated by percent staining, intensity or sum score, decreased the risk of subsequent breast cancer by 2-fold (P = 0.04) and 2.5-fold (P = 0.006). High normal lobule ERβ expression conferred the strongest protective effect in premenopausal women: the 20-year cumulative incidence of breast cancer was 0% for women younger than 45 years with high versus 31% for low-moderate ERβ expression (P = 0.0008). High ERβ expression was associated with a significantly decreased risk of breast cancer in women with atypical hyperplasia. These data suggest that ERβ may be a useful biomarker for risk stratification and a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina J Hieken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Jodi M Carter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tanya L Hoskin
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Melanie Bois
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marlene Frost
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Daniel W Visscher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amy C Degnim
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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50
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Wang J, Zhang C, Chen K, Tang H, Tang J, Song C, Xie X. ERβ1 inversely correlates with PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway and predicts a favorable prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 152:255-69. [PMID: 26070269 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the well-established role of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in breast cancer, the significance of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) remains controversial, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We sought to investigate the clinical importance of wild-type ERβ (ERβ1) in TNBC based on a large population, and to explore the potential molecular pathways involved in. A total of 571 patients with invasive TNBC undergoing curative surgery were included in this study. Immunohistochemical staining for ERβ1, pAKT, PTEN, pERK, β-catenin, EGFR, p53, and E-cadherin was performed on tissue microarrays. Prognostic determinants for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), as well as the risk factors for distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and locoregional recurrence-free survival, were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses. Overexpression of ERβ1 was detected in 30.4% of tumor samples. Patients with ERβ1 tended to be postmenopausal, and less likely to develop lymphatic metastasis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ERβ1 predicted a better OS, DFS, and DMFS independently. Regarding other biomarkers, only pAKT was identified as an independent negative predictor for survival. Additionally, ERβ1 expression was inversely associated with pAKT and the loss of PTEN. Notably, further survival analysis according to status of ERβ1/pAKT indicated that ERβ1(+)/pAKT(-) predicted the most favorable prognosis for TNBC. On the contrary, ERβ1(-)/pAKT(+) was associated with the worst outcomes. In summary, our findings indicate that ERβ1 independently predicts a better prognosis for TNBC and potentially interacts with the PTEN/PI3K/pAKT pathway. The role of ERβ1-specific agonists combined with the inhibitors of pAKT merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651 Dongfeng East Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510060, China,
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