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Chen J, Duan Y, Che J, Zhu J. Dysfunction of dendritic cells in tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 39051512 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise diverse cell populations that play critical roles in antigen presentation and triggering immune responses in the body. However, several factors impair the immune function of DCs and may promote immune evasion in cancer. Understanding the mechanism of DC dysfunction and the diverse functions of heterogeneous DCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for designing effective strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Clinical applications targeting DCs summarized in this report aim to improve immune infiltration and enhance the biological function of DCs to modulate the TME to prevent cancer cells from evading the immune system. Herein, factors in the TME that induce DC dysfunction, such as cytokines, hypoxic environment, tumor exosomes and metabolites, and co-inhibitory molecules, have been described. Furthermore, several key signaling pathways involved in DC dysfunction and signal-relevant drugs evaluated in clinical trials were identified. Finally, this review provides an overview of current clinical immunotherapies targeting DCs, especially therapies with proven clinical outcomes, and explores future developments in DC immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junye Che
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
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2
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Wang J, Zhu H, Gan J, Liang G, Li L, Zhao Y. Engineered mRNA Delivery Systems for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308029. [PMID: 37805865 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutic strategies have shown remarkable promise in preventing and treating a staggering range of diseases. Optimizing the structure and delivery system of engineered mRNA has greatly improved its stability, immunogenicity, and protein expression levels, which has led to a wider range of uses for mRNA therapeutics. Herein, a thorough analysis of the optimization strategies used in the structure of mRNA is first provided and delivery systems are described in great detail. Furthermore, the latest advancements in biomedical engineering for mRNA technology, including its applications in combatting infectious diseases, treating cancer, providing protein replacement therapy, conducting gene editing, and more, are summarized. Lastly, a perspective on forthcoming challenges and prospects concerning the advancement of mRNA therapeutics is offered. Despite these challenges, mRNA-based therapeutics remain promising, with the potential to revolutionize disease treatment and contribute to significant advancements in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Haofang Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jingjing Gan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- Institute of Organoids on Chips Translational Research, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Institute of Organoids on Chips Translational Research, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
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Han J, Zhang B, Zheng S, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Mao K. The Progress and Prospects of Immune Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Cancer. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241231892. [PMID: 38433349 PMCID: PMC10913519 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241231892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell therapy as a revolutionary treatment modality, significantly transformed cancer care. It is a specialized form of immunotherapy that utilizes living immune cells as therapeutic reagents for the treatment of cancer. Unlike traditional drugs, cell therapies are considered "living drugs," and these products are currently customized and require advanced manufacturing techniques. Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have received tremendous attention in the industry regarding the treatment of hematologic malignancies, their effectiveness in treating solid tumors is often restricted, leading to the emergence of alternative immune cell therapies. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) cell therapy, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, and DC/CIK cell therapy are designed to use the body's natural defense mechanisms to target and eliminate cancer cells, and usually have fewer side effects or risks. On the other hand, cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell, T cell receptor (TCR)-T, chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer (CAR-NK), or CAR-macrophages (CAR-M) typically utilize either autologous stem cells, allogeneic or xenogeneic cells, or genetically modified cells, which require higher levels of manipulation and are considered high risk. These high-risk cell therapies typically hold special characteristics in tumor targeting and signal transduction, triggering new anti-tumor immune responses. Recently, significant advances have been achieved in both basic and clinical researches on anti-tumor mechanisms, cell therapy product designs, and technological innovations. With swift technological integration and a high innovation landscape, key future development directions have emerged. To meet the demands of cell therapy technological advancements in treating cancer, we comprehensively and systematically investigate the technological innovation and clinical progress of immune cell therapies in this study. Based on the therapeutic mechanisms and methodological features of immune cell therapies, we analyzed the main technical advantages and clinical transformation risks associated with these therapies. We also analyzed and forecasted the application prospects, providing references for relevant enterprises with the necessary information to make informed decisions regarding their R&D direction selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Han
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Senyu Zheng
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Shanghai World Trade Organization Affairs Consultation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyun Mao
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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He Q, Gao H, Tan D, Zhang H, Wang JZ. mRNA cancer vaccines: Advances, trends and challenges. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2969-2989. [PMID: 35345451 PMCID: PMC8942458 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients exhibit good tolerance to messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, and the choice of encoded molecules is flexible and diverse. These vaccines can be engineered to express full-length antigens containing multiple epitopes without major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction, are relatively easy to control and can be rapidly mass produced. In 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine produced by Pfizer and BioNTech, which has generated enthusiasm for mRNA vaccine research and development. Based on the above characteristics and the development of mRNA vaccines, mRNA cancer vaccines have become a research hotspot and have undergone rapid development, especially in the last five years. This review analyzes the advances in mRNA cancer vaccines from various perspectives, including the selection and expression of antigens/targets, the application of vectors and adjuvants, different administration routes, and preclinical evaluation, to reflect the trends and challenges associated with these vaccines.
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Jiang R, Zhang Z, Liao X, Huang L, Liao Y, Deng W. Combination of oncolytic adenovirus ZD55 harboring TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD and cytokine-induced killer cells against lung cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1527. [PMID: 34790733 PMCID: PMC8576688 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Our study aimed to investigate the effect of cancer-targeting gene-virotherapy and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy on lung cancer. Methods CIK cells were obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, and CD3 monoclonal antibody. The CIK cells were infected with oncolytic adenovirus ZD55 harboring tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and TRAIL-isoleucine-aspartate-threonine-glutamate (IETD)-MnSOD. The cells were then cocultured with lung cancer cell lines A549 and NCI-H1650, normal cell line BEAS-2B, or injected into an A549 xenograft mouse model. Results Proliferation, colony formation, and invasion of A549 and NCI-H1650 cells were significantly inhibited by co-cultivation with CIK cells carrying oncolytic adenoviruses (in order) ZD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD > ZD55-TRAIL + ZD55-MnSOD > ZD55-MnSOD > ZD55-TRAIL. Compared to BEAS-2B cells, the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in tumor cells was increased. Tumor volume in the xenograft model and Ki-67 expression in tumor samples were reduced after injection of CIK cells carrying oncolytic adenoviruses, in the same order as the in vivo experiments. Levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and LDH contents were also increased in the same order. Conclusions Our studies confirmed the high efficacy of combined oncolytic adenovirus ZD55 harboring TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD and CIK cells against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runde Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinghai Liao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangjuan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yilang Liao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiyi Deng
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Tian G, Guan J, Chu Y, Zhao Q, Jiang T. Immunomodulatory Effect of Irreversible Electroporation Alone and Its Cooperating With Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:712042. [PMID: 34568040 PMCID: PMC8462269 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.712042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have showed irreversible electroporation (IRE) focused on pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the effects of IRE treatment on the immune response of PC remain unknown. Moreover, there are few studies on the therapeutic effect of IRE combining with immunotherapy on PC. Thus, we review recent advances in our understanding of IRE alone and its working with immunotherapy towards the immune response of PC, discussing potential opportunities for exploring future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Tian
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Guan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Chu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyu Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian'an Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Esprit A, de Mey W, Bahadur Shahi R, Thielemans K, Franceschini L, Breckpot K. Neo-Antigen mRNA Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E776. [PMID: 33353155 PMCID: PMC7766040 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in therapeutic cancer vaccines has caught enormous attention in recent years due to several breakthroughs in cancer research, among which the finding that successful checkpoint blockade treatments reinvigorate neo-antigen-specific T cells and that successful adoptive cell therapies are directed towards neo-antigens. Neo-antigens are cancer-specific antigens, which develop from somatic mutations in the cancer cell genome that can be highly immunogenic and are not subjected to central tolerance. As the majority of neo-antigens are unique to each patient's cancer, a vaccine technology that is flexible and potent is required to develop personalized neo-antigen vaccines. In vitro transcribed mRNA is such a technology platform and has been evaluated for delivery of neo-antigens to professional antigen-presenting cells both ex vivo and in vivo. In addition, strategies that support the activity of T cells in the tumor microenvironment have been developed. These represent a unique opportunity to ensure durable T cell activity upon vaccination. Here, we comprehensively review recent progress in mRNA-based neo-antigen vaccines, summarizing critical milestones that made it possible to bring the promise of therapeutic cancer vaccines within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.E.); (W.d.M.); (R.B.S.); (K.T.); (L.F.)
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8
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Zhang Y, Ellinger J, Ritter M, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Clinical Studies Applying Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092471. [PMID: 32882824 PMCID: PMC7564072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are a heterogeneous population of polyclonal T effector cells expanded ex vivo. Here, we updated our last review published in 2012 and provided a synopsis of current 15 clinical studies, including 382 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) enrolled in CIK cell immunotherapy. CIK cells exhibited promising synergistic anti-tumor effects when combined with conventional therapies and showed mild adverse effects in patients with RCC. Preclinical researches also identified potential molecular targets that augmented CIK cell cytotoxicity against renal carcinoma cells. In future, large randomized clinical trials should be organized to further evaluate the clinical efficacy and optimize the treatment modality of CIK cells in RCC. Abstract There is growing interest in cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells on the integrated therapy of patients with RCC, especially those in the late stage or refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, a total of 15 clinical studies including 681 patients enrolled in CIK cell immunotherapy were outlined. Three-hundred-and-eighty-two patients with RCC were treated with CIK cells alone or in combination with DC vaccination, targeted agents sunitinib or sorafenib, and the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab. Significantly improved 3-year overall survival rate was reported in four trials, whereas remarkably longer median progression-free survival was observed in three studies. Adverse reactions were mild and usually controllable fever and fatigue. Besides, preclinical research progresses were reviewed to increase our understanding about the underlying mechanisms of CIK cell cytotoxicity and identify potential targets to enhance their anti-tumor activity. These studies suggest that CIK cell-based immunotherapy has potential clinical benefits with a good safety profile and could become a promising approach in the combined therapies of RCC patients. However, further large-scale studies are required to evaluate the clinical efficacy of CIK cells and more efforts should be performed to identify the optimal CIK cell-based therapeutic regimen for RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Integrated Oncology, CIO Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Jörg Ellinger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D 53127 Bonn, Germany; (J.E.); (M.R.)
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D 53127 Bonn, Germany; (J.E.); (M.R.)
| | - Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, CIO Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, D 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +492-2828-717-048
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Zhang Y, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Ten-year update of the international registry on cytokine-induced killer cells in cancer immunotherapy. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9291-9303. [PMID: 32484595 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells represent an exceptional T-cell population uniting a T cell and natural killer cell-like phenotype in their terminally differentiated CD3+ CD56+ subset, which features non-MHC-restricted tumor-killing activity. CIK cells have provided encouraging results in initial clinical studies and revealed synergistic antitumor effects when combined with standard therapeutic procedures. We established the international registry on CIK cells (IRCC) to collect and evaluate clinical trials for the treatment of cancer patients in 2010. Moreover, our registry set new standards on the reporting of results from clinical trials using CIK cells. In the present update, a total of 106 clinical trials including 10,225 patients were enrolled in IRCC, of which 4,889 patients in over 30 distinct tumor entities were treated with CIK cells alone or in combination with conventional or novel therapies. Significantly improved median progression-free survival and overall survival were shown in 27 trials, and 9 trials reported a significantly increased 5-year survival rate. Mild adverse effects and graft-versus-host diseases were also observed in the studies. Recently, more efforts have been put into the improvement of antitumoral efficacy by CIK cells including the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors and modification with chimeric antigen receptorc. The minimal toxicity and multiple improvements on their tumor-killing activity both make CIK cells a favorable therapeutic tool in the clinical practice of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo G H Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Gao X, Yang J, Chen Y. Identification of a four immune-related genes signature based on an immunogenomic landscape analysis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9834-9850. [PMID: 32452055 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma, which has strong immunogenicity. A comprehensive study of the role of immune-related genes (IRGs) in ccRCC is of great significance in finding ccRCC treatment targets and improving patient prognosis. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of IRGs in ccRCC based on The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. The mechanism of differentially expressed IRGs in ccRCC was analyzed by bioinformatics. In addition, Cox regression analysis was used to screen prognostic related IRGs from differentially expressed IRGs. We also identified a four IRGs signature consisting of four IRGs (CXCL2, SEMA3G, PDGFD, and UCN) through lasso regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Further analysis results showed that the four IRGs signature could effectively predict the prognosis of patients with ccRCC, and its predictive power is independent of other clinical factors. In addition, the correlation analysis of immune cell infiltration showed that this four IRGs signature could effectively reflect the level of immune cell infiltration of ccRCC. We also found that the expression of immune checkpoint genes CTLA-4, LAG3, and PD-1 in the high-risk group was higher than that in the low-risk group. Our research revealed the role of IRGs in ccRCC, and developed a four IRGs signature that could be used to evaluate the prognosis of patients with ccRCC, which will help to develop personalized treatment strategies for patients with ccRCC and improve their prognosis. In addition, these four IRGs may be effective therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Jinlian Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Yinyi Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Du H, Yang J, Zhang Y. Cytokine-induced killer cell/dendritic cell combined with cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy for treating advanced gastrointestinal cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:357. [PMID: 32345239 PMCID: PMC7189715 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of cytokine-induced killer (CIK)/dendritic cell combined with CIK (DC–CIK) cell therapy in advanced gastrointestinal cancer (GIC). Methods The PubMed, Cochrane library, and Embase were searched to conduct a meta-analysis of clinical controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CIK/DC–CIK cell therapy in advanced GIC. The pooled risk ratios (RRs) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results A total of nine studies with 1113 patients were identified. The overall survival (RR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.41–2.40, Pheterogeneity = 0.654, I2 = 0%), progression-free survival (RR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.52–2.60, Pheterogeneity = 0.727, I2 = 0%), and quality of life (WMD = 16.09, 95% CI = 1.66–30.52, Pheterogeneity < 0.001, I2 = 98.8%) were significantly improved in patients who received chemotherapy combined with CIK/DC–CIK cells, and no severe adverse events were reported. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggested that the combination of CIK/DC–CIK immunotherapy and chemotherapy was safe and applicable for patients with advanced GIC. It is a feasible choice to prolong survival and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansong Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination with Ex Vivo RNA-Transfected Dendritic Cells-An Update. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020092. [PMID: 31979205 PMCID: PMC7076681 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, dendritic cell (DC) vaccination has been studied extensively as active immunotherapy in cancer treatment and has been proven safe in all clinical trials both with respect to short and long-term side effects. For antigen-loading of dendritic cells (DCs) one method is to introduce mRNA coding for the desired antigens. To target the whole antigenic repertoire of a tumor, even the total tumor mRNA of a macrodissected biopsy sample can be used. To date, reports have been published on a total of 781 patients suffering from different tumor entities and HIV-infection, who have been treated with DCs loaded with mRNA. The majority of those were melanoma patients, followed by HIV-infected patients, but leukemias, brain tumors, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinomas, pancreatic cancers and several others have also been treated. Next to antigen-loading, mRNA-electroporation allows a purposeful manipulation of the DCs’ phenotype and function to enhance their immunogenicity. In this review, we intend to give a comprehensive summary of what has been published regarding clinical testing of ex vivo generated mRNA-transfected DCs, with respect to safety and risk/benefit evaluations, choice of tumor antigens and RNA-source, and the design of better DCs for vaccination by transfection of mRNA-encoded functional proteins.
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13
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Liu R, Chen Z, Wang S, Zhao G, Gu Y, Han Q, Chen B. Screening of key genes associated with R‑CHOP immunochemotherapy and construction of a prognostic risk model in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3679-3690. [PMID: 31485671 PMCID: PMC6755150 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is curable in the majority of patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) immunochemotherapy. However, the therapeutic mechanism of R-CHOP has not been elucidated. The GSE32918 and GSE57611 datasets were retrieved from The Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with R-CHOP therapy were identified using limma. Combined with prognostic information in GSE32918, DEGs found to be significantly associated with prognosis were selected using univariate Cox regression analysis and a risk prediction model was constructed. Based on this model, the samples in the training set (GSE32918) were divided into high and low risk score groups according to the median risk score. A total of 801 DEGs were identified between the R-CHOP treated DLBCL and primary DLBCL samples, from this 116 prognosis-associated genes were selected. Using Cox proportional hazards model, an optimal combination of 12 genes [including calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase I (CAMK1), hippocalcin like 4 (HPCAL4) and ephrin A5 (EFNA5)] was selected, and the sample risk score prediction model was constructed and validated. The DEGs between high risk score and low risk score groups were significantly enriched in functions associated with ‘response to DNA damage stimulus’, and pathways including ‘cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction’ and ‘cell cycle’. The optimal combination of the 12 genes, including CAMK1, HPCAL4 and EFNA5, was found to be useful in predicting the prognosis of patients with DLBCL after R-CHOP treatment. Therefore, these genes may be affected by R-CHOP in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanjing General Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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14
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Crommelin DJA, Mastrobattista E, Hawe A, Hoogendoorn KH, Jiskoot W. Shifting Paradigms Revisited: Biotechnology and the Pharmaceutical Sciences. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:30-43. [PMID: 31449815 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In 2003, Crommelin et al. published an article titled: "Shifting paradigms: biopharmaceuticals versus low molecular weight drugs" (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(03)00376-4). In the present commentary, 16 years later, we discuss pharmaceutically relevant aspects of the evolution of biologics since then. First, we discuss the increasing repertoire of biologics, in particular, the rapidly growing monoclonal antibody family and the advent of advanced therapy medicinal products. Next, we discuss trends in formulation and characterization as well as summarize our current insights into immunogenicity of biologics. We spend a separate section on new product(ion) paradigms for biologics, such as cell-free production systems, production of advanced therapy medicinal products, and downscaled production approaches. Furthermore, we share our views on issues related to reaching the patient, including routes and techniques of administration, alternative development models for affordable biologics, biosimilars, and handling of biologics. In the concluding section, we outline outstanding issues and make some suggestions for resolving those.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Karin H Hoogendoorn
- Leiden University Medical Center, Hospital Pharmacy, Interdivisional GMP Facility, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Coriolis Pharma, Martinsried, Germany; Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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15
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Flynn M, Pickering L, Larkin J, Turajlic S. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma and kidney cancer: from sequencing to rational selection. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918777427. [PMID: 29977349 PMCID: PMC6024333 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918777427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs), including antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 and programmed cell death protein 1, have been shown to induce durable complete responses in a proportion of patients in the first-line and refractory setting in advanced melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. In fact, there are several lines of both targeted agents and ICPI that are now feasible treatment options. However, survival in the metastatic setting continues to be poor and there remains a need for improved therapeutic approaches. In order to enhance patient selection for the most appropriate next line of therapy, better predictive biomarkers of responsiveness will need to be developed in tandem with technologies to identify mechanisms of ICPI resistance. Adaptive, biomarker-driven trials will drive this evolution. The combination of ICPI with specific chemotherapies, targeted therapies and other immuno-oncology (IO) drugs in order to circumvent ICPI resistance and enhance efficacy is discussed. Recent data support the role for both targeted therapies and ICPI in the adjuvant setting of melanoma and targeted therapies in the adjuvant setting for renal cell carcinoma, which may influence the consideration of treatment on subsequent relapse. Approaches to select the optimal treatment sequences for these patients will need to be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samra Turajlic
- Department of Medicine, Skin and Renal Units, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, Chelsea, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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16
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Clinical efficacy of percutaneous cryoablation combined with allogenic NK cell immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Immunol Res 2018; 65:880-887. [PMID: 28508945 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the safety and clinical efficacy of cryosurgery combined with allogenic NK cell immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were evaluated. From July 2016 to March 2017, we enrolled 60 patients who met the enrollment criteria and divided them into two groups: (1) the simple cryoablation group (n = 30) and (2) the cryoablation combined with allogenic NK cell group (n = 30). The changes in immune function, quality of life, and clinical response were evaluated. We found that allogenic NK cells combined with cryosurgical treatment for advanced NSCLC have a synergistic effect, which not only enhancing the immune function of patients, improving the quality of life, and significantly increasing the response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) compared to cryoablation group. This study is the first clinical trial of allogenic NK cells combined with cryosurgery for the treatment of advanced NSCLC and preliminaily its safety and efficacy.
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17
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Synergistic Effects of Cabozantinib and EGFR-Specific CAR-NK-92 Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:6915912. [PMID: 29423418 PMCID: PMC5750507 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6915912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chimeric antigen receptor-modified immune effector cell (CAR-T and CAR-NK) therapies are newly developed adoptive treatments of cancers. However, their therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors is limited. Combining CAR-T or CAR-NK cells with chemotherapeutic drugs to treat solid tumor may be a promising strategy. We developed an epidermal growth factor- (EGFR-) specific third-generation CAR. NK-92 cells were modified with the CAR by lentivirus infection. The specific killing ability of the CAR-modified NK-92 cells (CAR-NK-92) against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines was confirmed in vitro. The synergistic effects of cabozantinib and EGFR-specific CAR-NK-92 cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the CAR-NK-92 cells lyse RCC cells in an EGFR-specific manner. Treatment with cabozantinib could increase EGFR and decrease PD-L1 membrane surface expression in RCC cells and enhance the killing ability of CAR-NK-92 cells against the RCC cells in vitro. Furthermore, the CAR-NK-92 cells show synergistic therapeutic efficacy with cabozantinib against human RCC xenograft models. Our results provided the basis for combination with chemotherapy as a novel strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-modified immune effector cells for solid tumors.
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18
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Xie Y, Huang L, Chen L, Lin X, Chen L, Zheng Q. Effect of dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer cells in patients with advanced colorectal cancer combined with first-line treatment. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:209. [PMID: 29179719 PMCID: PMC5704402 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy is considered as the gold-standard treatment for advanced colorectal cancer patients. These patients have a poor 5-year survival rate of 5% or less. Furthermore, a large dose of chemotherapy can produce adverse side effects and severe toxicity. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer (DC-CIK) cell infusion as an adjuvant therapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer combined with first-line treatment. METHODS A total of 142 patients with stage III/IV colorectal carcinoma who had been treated with first-line therapy were included in this study. Among these patients, 71 patients received first-line treatment only (non-DC-CIK group), while the other 71 patients who had similar demographic and clinical characteristics received a DC-CIK cell infusion combined with first-line treatment (DC-CIK group). These patients were followed up until August 2014. Data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. RESULTS Our results showed that the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate for the DC-CIK group versus the non-DC-CIK group was 41.3 versus 19.4% (p = 0.001) and the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate for the DC-CIK group versus the non-DC-CIK group was 57.4 versus 33.6% (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that patients with advanced colorectal cancer might benefit from DC-CIK immunotherapy combined with first-line therapy by significantly prolonging 5-year OS and PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Lijie Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Luchuan Chen
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Xiaowei Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Qiuhong Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, China.
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19
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Weß L, Schnieders F. Immuno-Oncology-The Translational Runway for Gene Therapy: Gene Therapeutics to Address Multiple Immune Targets. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:1130-1137. [PMID: 29061083 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is once again experiencing a paradigm shift. This shift is based on extensive clinical experience demonstrating that cancer cannot be successfully fought by addressing only single targets or pathways. Even the combination of several neo-antigens in cancer vaccines is not sufficient for successful, lasting tumor eradication. The focus has therefore shifted to the immune system's role in cancer and the striking abilities of cancer cells to manipulate and/or deactivate the immune system. Researchers and pharma companies have started to target the processes and cells known to support immune surveillance and the elimination of tumor cells. Immune processes, however, require novel concepts beyond the traditional "single-target-single drug" paradigm and need parallel targeting of diverse cells and mechanisms. This review gives a perspective on the role of gene therapy technologies in the evolving immuno-oncology space and identifies gene therapy as a major driver in the development and regulation of effective cancer immunotherapy. Present challenges and breakthroughs ranging from chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, gene-modified oncolytic viruses, combination cancer vaccines, to RNA therapeutics are spotlighted. Gene therapy is recognized as the most prominent technology enabling effective immuno-oncology strategies.
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20
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Lin M, Alnaggar M, Liang S, Wang X, Liang Y, Zhang M, Chen J, Niu L, Xu K. An important discovery on combination of irreversible electroporation and allogeneic natural killer cell immunotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101795-101807. [PMID: 29254205 PMCID: PMC5731915 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the safety and clinical efficacy on combination of irreversible electroporation and allogeneic natural killer cell therapy for treating Stage III/IV pancreatic cancer, evaluating median progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results Adverse events of all patients were limited to grades 1 and 2, including local (mainly tussis 13.4%, nausea and emesis 7.1%, pain of puncture point 29.6% and duodenum and gastric retention 4.3%) and systemic (mainly fatigue 22.3%, fever 31.6%, and transient reduction of intraoperative blood pressure 25.1% and white cell count reduction 18.3%) reactions, fever was the most frequent. The serum amylase level at 24 h and 7 d after IRE was not significantly changed compared to those before IRE (P > 0.05). CA19–9 value was lower in IRE-NK group than in IRE at 1 month after treatment (P < 0.05). After a median follow-up of 7.4 months (3.6–11.2 months): in stage III group, median PFS was higher in IRE-NK group (9.3 months) than in IRE group (8.1 months, P = 0.0465), median OS was higher in IRE-NK (13.2 months) than in IRE (11.4 months, P = 0.0411), and median PFS was higher in who received multiple NK than single NK (9.8 months vs.8.1 months, P = 0.0423, respectively), median OS who received multiple NK was higher than single NK (13.9 months vs.12.3 months, P = 0.0524, respectively), the RR in IRE-NK (63.2%) was higher than in IRE (50.0%, P < 0.05); in stage IV group, median OS was higher in IRE-NK (9.8 months) than in IRE (8.7 months, P = 0.0397), the DCR in IRE-NK (66.7%) was higher than in IRE (42.9%, P < 0.05). Materials and Methods Between July 2016 and May 2017, we enrolled 71 patients who met the enrollment criteria. The patients were divided into stage III (32 patients, 17 patients received only IRE and 15 patients received IRE-NK (Irreversible electroporation- natural killer): 8 patients underwent a course of NK and 7 patients underwent ≥ 3 courses) and stage IV (39 patients, 22 patients received only IRE and 17 patients received IRE-NK: 9 patients underwent a course of NK and 8 patients underwent ≥ 3 courses). The safety and short-term effects were evaluated firstly, then the median PFS, median OS, response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) were assessed. Conclusions Combination of irreversible electroporation and allogeneic natural killer cell immunotherapy significantly increased median PFS and median OS in stage III pancreatic cancer and extended the median OS of stage IV pancreatic cancer. Multiple allogeneic natural killer cells infusion was associated with better prognosis to stage III pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Lin
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Alnaggar
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhen Liang
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinqing Liang
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jibing Chen
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Niu
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kecheng Xu
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Song H, Liu S, Zhao Z, Sun W, Wei X, Ma X, Zhao P, Gao D. Increased cycles of DC/CIK immunotherapy decreases frequency of Tregs in patients with resected NSCLC. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:197-202. [PMID: 28941416 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress antitumor immune responses. Cycles of Dendritic cells (DC) vaccination combined with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells (DC/CIK) treatment were significantly related with good prognosis. Therefore, we investigated whether increased cycles of immunotherapy could decrease frequency of Tregs in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous study from our laboratory has determined that the optimal cutoff point of the cycle count was 3cycles. We examined the levels of Tregs and the related cytokines by flow cytometric and cytokine analysis in these patients after more than (≥) 3cycles or less than (<) 3cycles of DC/CIK cell treatment. Significant reduction of Tregs frequency, Treg-generated cytokines level and recurrence rate were presented in patients received with ≥3cycles of DC/CIK cell treatment compared with patients with <3cycles of treatment. Interestingly, Tregs frequency and the related cytokines level were similar between patients suffered tumor recurrence and patients without recurrence in both groups. Together, our findings reveal that increased cycle count of DC/CIK cell immunotherapy contribute to decline of Tregs frequency and cancer recurrence rate in patients with resected NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Song
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ziyun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Weihong Sun
- Biotherapy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Xiaofang Wei
- Biotherapy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xuezhen Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Daiqing Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao 266042, China
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22
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Circulating tumor cell as a biomarker for evaluating allogenic NK cell immunotherapy on stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. Immunol Lett 2017; 191:10-15. [PMID: 28916277 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the number of peripheral blood circulating tumor cells (CTCs) pre- and post-NK in patients with stage IV non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a reference for understanding the relevance of any changes to the efficacy of NK cells therapy. The patients were given one to three courses of immunotherapy. CTC numbers and CTC-related gene expression were measured in the peripheral blood of 31 patients with stage IV NSCLC at 1day before and 7 and 30d after NK cells therapy using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) combined with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Throughout the research, fever was the most common reaction (34.6%). The number of CTCs was 18.11±5.813, 15.13±5.984 and 10.32±5.623, respectively, and this decreased significantly over time. ΔCt values for the CTC-related genes CEA, MAGE-3 and CK18 increased significantly after NK cells infusion. The expression of CEA, CK18 and MAGE-3 decreased significantly with time after NK. CTC was a useful biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of NK cells therapy on stage IV NSCLC.
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23
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Lin M, Liang S, Wang X, Liang Y, Zhang M, Chen J, Niu L, Xu K. Percutaneous irreversible electroporation combined with allogeneic natural killer cell immunotherapy for patients with unresectable (stage III/IV) pancreatic cancer: a promising treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:2607-2618. [PMID: 28871458 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was attempted to investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of percutaneous irreversible electroporation combined with allogeneic natural killer cell therapy for treating stage III/IV pancreatic cancer, evaluate median progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). METHODS Between March 2016 and February 2017, we enrolled 67 patients who met the enrollment criteria. According to the latest NCCN Guidelines, the patients were divided into stage III (35 patients, 16 patients received only irreversible electroporation (IRE) and 19 patients received IRE-NK: 8 patients underwent one course NK and 11 patients underwent ≥3 courses) and stage IV (32 patients, 14 patients received only IRE and 18 patients received IRE-NK: 8 patients underwent one course NK and 10 patients underwent ≥3 courses). The safety and short-term effects were evaluated first, then the median PFS, median OS, response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) were assessed. RESULTS Adverse events of all patients were limited to grades A and B, included local (mainly cough 12.7%, nausea and emesis 6.8%, pain of puncture point 25.3% and duodenum and gastric retention 5.9%) and systemic (mainly fatigue 21.5, fever 33.5%, and blood pressure intraoperative transient reduction 27.4% and white cell count reduction 22.6%) reactions, fever was most frequent. The serum amylase level at 24 h and 7 d after IRE was not significantly changed compared to those before IRE (P > 0.05). CA19-9 value was lower in IRE-NK group than in IRE at 1 month after treatment (P < 0.05). After a median follow-up of 7.9 months (3.8-12.1 months): in stage III group, median PFS was higher in IRE-NK group (9.1 months) than in IRE group (7.9 months, P = 0.0432), median OS was higher in IRE-NK (13.6 months) than in IRE (12.2 months; P = 0.0327), and median PFS was higher in who received multiple NK than single NK (9.9 vs. 8.2 months; P = 0.0387, respectively), median OS who received multiple NK was higher than single NK (13.7 vs. 12.1 months; P = 0.0451, respectively), the RR in IRE-NK (63.2%) was higher than in IRE (50.0%; P < 0.05); in stage IV group, median OS was higher in IRE-NK (10.2 months) than in IRE (9.1 months; P = 0.0367), the DCR in IRE-NK (66.7%) was higher than in IRE (42.9%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Percutaneous irreversible electroporation combined with allogeneic natural killer cell immunotherapy significantly increased median PFS and median OS in stage III pancreatic cancer and extended the median OS of stage IV pancreatic cancer. Multiple allogeneic natural killer cells infusion was associated with better prognosis to stage III pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Lin
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School, Guangzhou, China
- Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhen Liang
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinqing Liang
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jibing Chen
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School, Guangzhou, China.
- Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lizhi Niu
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School, Guangzhou, China.
- Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kecheng Xu
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School, Guangzhou, China
- Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Meng Y, Yu Z, Wu Y, Du T, Chen S, Meng F, Su N, Ma Y, Li X, Sun S, Zhang G. Cell-based immunotherapy with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells: From preparation and testing to clinical application. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1-9. [PMID: 28301281 PMCID: PMC5489295 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1285987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapy holds promise in the quest for the treatment of cancer, having potential synergy with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As a novel approach for adoptive cell-based immunotherapy, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have moved from the 'bench to bedside'. CIK cells are a heterogeneous subset of ex-vitro expanded, polyclonal T-effector cells with both natural killer (NK) and T-cell properties, which present potent non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxicity against a variety of tumor target cells. Initial clinical studies on CIK cell therapy have provided encouraging results and revealed synergistic antitumor effects when combined with standard therapeutic procedures. At the same time, issues such as inadequate quality control and quantity of CIK cells as well as exaggerated propaganda were continuously emerging. Thus, the Ministry of Health in China stopped CIK cell therapy in May 2016, which was a major setback for the innovation of CIK cell-based immunotherapy. Thus, it is very important to modify technical criteria to develop a standardized operation procedure (SOP) and standardized system for evaluating antitumor efficacy in a safe way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Dadong District, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhifu Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Dadong District, Shenyang, China
| | - Yefeng Wu
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Dadong District, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianzhao Du
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Dadong District, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Dadong District, Shenyang, China
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Dadong District, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Su
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Dadong District, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushu Ma
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Dadong District, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Dadong District, Shenyang, China
| | - Sulan Sun
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Dadong District, Shenyang, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Dadong District, Shenyang, China
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25
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Short-term clinical efficacy of percutaneous irreversible electroporation combined with allogeneic natural killer cell for treating metastatic pancreatic cancer. Immunol Lett 2017; 186:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Lin M, Liang S, Wang X, Liang Y, Zhang M, Chen J, Niu L, Xu K. Cryoablation combined with allogenic natural killer cell immunotherapy improves the curative effect in patients with advanced hepatocellular cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81967-81977. [PMID: 29137237 PMCID: PMC5669863 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the clinical efficacy of cryosurgery combined with allogenic natural killer cell immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular cancer was evaluated. From October 2015 to March 2017, we enrolled 61 patients who met the enrollment criteria and divided them into two groups: 1) the simple cryoablation group (Cryo group, n = 26); and 2) the cryoablation combined with allogenic natural killer cells group (Cryo-NK group, n = 35), the safety and short-term effects were evaluated firstly, then the median progression-free survival, response rate and disease control rate were assessed. All adverse events experienced by the patients were recorded, and included local (e.g., pain, pleural effusion, and ascites) and systemic (e.g., chills, fatigue, and fever) reactions, fever was more frequent. Other possible seriously side effects (e.g., blood or bone marrow changes) were not detected. Combining allogeneic natural killer cells with cryoablation had a synergistic effect, not only enhancing the immune function, improving the quality of life of the patients, but also reducing the expression of AFP and significantly exhibiting good clinical efficacy of the patients. After a median follow-up of 8.7 months (3.9 -15.1months), median progression-free survival was higher in Cryo-NK (9.1 months) than in Cryo (7.6 months, P = 0.0107), median progression-free survival who received multiple natural killer was higher than who just received single natural killer (9.7 months vs.8.4 months, P = 0.0011, respectively), the response rate in Cryo-NK (60.0%) was higher than in Cryo (46.1%, P < 0.05), the disease control rate in Cryo-NK (85.7%) was higher than in Cryo group (69.2%, P < 0.01). Percutaneous cryoablation combined with allogeneic natural killer cell immunotherapy significantly increased median progression-free survival of advanced hepatocellular cancer patients. Multiple allogeneic natural killer cells infusion was associated with better prognosis to advanced hepatocellular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Lin
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhen Liang
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinqing Liang
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jibing Chen
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Niu
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kecheng Xu
- Department of Biological Treatment Center, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
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Prospective study of percutaneous cryoablation combined with allogenic NK cell immunotherapy for advanced renal cell cancer. Immunol Lett 2017; 184:98-104. [PMID: 28274792 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the clinical efficacy of cryosurgery combined with allogenic NK cell immunotherapy for advanced renal cell cancer was evaluated. From July to December 2016, we enrolled 60 patients who met the enrollment criteria and divided them into two groups: (1) the simple cryoablation group (n=30); and (2) the cryoablation combined with allogenic NK cells group (n=30). The clinical efficacy, quality of life, immune function, and other related indicators were evaluated. Combining allogeneic NK cells with cryoablation had a synergistic effect, not only enhancing the immune function and improving the quality of life of the patients, but also significantly exhibiting good clinical efficacy of the patients. This study is the first clinical trial that has evaluated the safety and efficacy of allogenic NK cells combined with cryosurgery for the treatment of renal cell cancer.
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28
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Fliervoet LAL, Mastrobattista E. Drug delivery with living cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:63-72. [PMID: 27129442 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The field of drug delivery has grown tremendously in the past few decades by developing a wide range of advanced drug delivery systems. An interesting category is cell-based drug delivery, which includes encapsulation of drugs inside cells or attached to the surface and subsequent transportation through the body. Another approach involves genetic engineering of cells to secrete therapeutic molecules in a controlled way. The next-generation systems integrate expertise from synthetic biology to generate therapeutic gene networks for highly advanced sensory and output devices. These developments are very exciting for the drug delivery field and could radically change the way we administer biological medicines to chronically ill patients. This review is covering the use of living cells, either as transport system or production-unit, to deliver therapeutic molecules and bioactive proteins inside the body. It describes a wide range of approaches in cell-based drug delivery and highlights exceptional examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies A L Fliervoet
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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29
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He G, Zheng C, Huo H, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Li J, Zhang H. TACE combined with dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:436-442. [PMID: 27716591 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a fatal cancer, have benefited significantly from TACE (transcatheter arterial chemoembolization) and immunotherapy treatments. Immunotherapy that includes dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) in combination with TACE has been extensively applied in cases of HCC. Few decisive conclusions about these combined effects on the outcomes of HCC patients have been reached. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy of the combined usage of DC-CIK with TACE with a TACE therapy alone on the outcomes of HCC patients. Participants were enrolled in eight eligible trials. The efficiency and safety of TACE followed by DC-CIK immunotherapy (experimental group) and of TACE alone (control group) were compared. The meta-analysis results demonstrated that TACE plus DC-CIK immunotherapy is possibly superior to TACE alone in promoting a better overall response, for half-year, 1-year, and 2-year overall survival (OS), median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival rates (PFS) in HCC patients. Further studies should be performed to confirm the effect of the combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi He
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Guangming New District People's Hospital, 339# Songbai road, Gongming Street, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Chenhong Zheng
- No. 2 Clinic, Logistic Support Department, Central Military Commission, People's Republic of China, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Huiping Huo
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Guangming New District People's Hospital, 339# Songbai road, Gongming Street, Shenzhen 518106, China
| | - Huiming Zhang
- No. 2 Clinic, Logistic Support Department, Central Military Commission, People's Republic of China, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhiquan Zhu
- No. 2 Clinic, Logistic Support Department, Central Military Commission, People's Republic of China, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Junlai Li
- Department of Ultrasound, South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, PR China.
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30
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Yuan YH, Zhou CF, Yuan J, Liu L, Guo XR, Wang XL, Ding Y, Wang XN, Li DS, Tu HJ. NaHCO 3 enhances the antitumor activities of cytokine-induced killer cells against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3167-3174. [PMID: 27899977 PMCID: PMC5103916 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular pH is lower inside solid tumors than in normal tissue. The acidic environment inhibits the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes in vitro and promotes tumor cell invasion. In the present study, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate how NaHCO3 would affect the antitumor activities of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. For the in vitro experiments, HepG2 cells were cultured at pH 6.5 and 7.4 in the presence of CIK cells or CIK cell-conditioned medium (CMCIK). For the in vivo experiments, nude mice were xenografted with HepG2-luc cells and divided into four groups: i) CIK cells injection plus NaHCO3 feeding; ii) CIK cells injection plus drinking water feeding; iii) normal saline injection plus NaHCO3 feeding; and iv) normal saline injection plus drinking water feeding. The results indicated that the viability and growth rate of HepG2 cells were remarkably suppressed when co-cultured with CIK cells or CMCIK at pH 7.4 compared with those of HepG2 cells cultured under the same conditions but at pH 6.5. In the xenograft study, a marked synergistic antitumor effect of the combined therapy was observed. NaHCO3 feeding augmented the infiltration of cluster of differentiation 3-positive T lymphocytes into the tumor mass. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the antitumor activities of CIK cells against HepG2 cells were negatively affected by the acidic environment inside the tumors, and neutralizing the pH (for example, via NaHCO3 administration), could therefore reduce or eliminate this influence. In addition, it should be recommended that oncologists routinely prescribe soda water to their patients, particularly during CIK cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hong Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Chun Fang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Rong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Nan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Sheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Han Jun Tu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Qiu Y, Yun MM, Dong X, Xu M, Zhao R, Han X, Zhou E, Yun F, Su W, Liu C, Zhao H, Tong X, Gao J, Ouyang X, Yun S. Combination of cytokine-induced killer and dendritic cells pulsed with antigenic α-1,3-galactosyl epitope-enhanced lymphoma cell membrane for effective B-cell lymphoma immunotherapy. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:91-8. [PMID: 26549382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Refractory B-cell lymphomas are difficult to successfully treat with current chemotherapeutic regimens; however, immunotherapy may be an effective form of treatment for these patients. METHODS Fourteen refractory lymphoma patients (age, 29-74 y) were enrolled in the trial. α-1,3-galactosyl (α-Gal) epitopes were synthesized on lymphoma cell membranes with the use of bovine recombinant α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (α-GT) and neuraminidase to enhance tumor immunogenicity. Subsequent incubation of processed cell membranes with autologous dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of human serum containing abundant natural anti-α-Gal immunoglobulin G led to the effective phagocytosis of tumor membranes by DCs. The pulsed DCs and autologous cytokine-induced killer cells were then co-cultured to promote maximum cytotoxicity to lymphoma cells and were infused back into the donor lymphoma patients. Therapeutic responses were assessed by clinical observation, laboratory tests and a computed tomography scan at 6 months after treatment. RESULTS Complete and partial remission occurred in four and three patients, respectively. The disease status remained unchanged in five patients, and disease progression was observed in two patients. No serious side effects or autoimmune diseases were observed in any participants. Serum lactate dehydrogenase and β2-macroglobulin decreased in 11 and 14 patients, respectively. All patients showed robust systemic cytotoxicity in response to tumor lysate as measured by interferon-γ expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after treatment (P < 0.001). The number of peripheral immune effector cells (CD3(+)/CD4(+), CD8(+)/CD28(+) and CD16(+)/CD56(+) cells) increased significantly (P < 0.05) 3 months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Lymphoma cell-specific α-Gal immunotherapy is safe, effective and has great potential for the treatment of refractory B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qiu
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mark M Yun
- Heart of England National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green, East Birmingham, UK
| | - Xuebin Dong
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mingbao Xu
- Beijing Armed Police General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruidong Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xia Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Erxia Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Feiyu Yun
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wuyun Su
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Jing-Meng Stem Cell Company, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ouyang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Sheng Yun
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
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32
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Chu H, Du F, Jiang L, Wang Z, Gong Z, Lian P, Li P, Chen J. The Efficacy of CIK-Based Immunotherapies for Advanced Solid Tumors. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 16:577-585. [PMID: 27436839 DOI: 10.1177/1533034616659163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of cytokine-induced killer cell-based immunotherapies in patients with advanced malignant solid tumors and the difference in clinical efficiency among 3 kinds of cytokine-induced killer cell-based immunotherapies. METHODS One hundred forty-six cases with advanced solid tumor, 230 cycles of cytokine-induced killer cell-based immunotherapies, were involved in this study. T-lymphocyte subsets, carcinoembryonic antigen, and adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS CD3+ T lymphocyte, Th, NKT, and Th/Tc were increased after cytokine-induced killer cell-based treatment, from 55.67 ± 3.64 to 84.12 ± 5.15, 26.56 ± 4.47 to 42.76 ± 3.68, 1.82 ± 0.58 to 7.08 ± 0.92, 0.79 ± 3.64 to 1.35 ± 0.20, respectively ( P < .001). Carcinoembryonic antigen was decreased from 398.39 ± 219.16 to 127.26 ± 153.41 ( P < .001). Difference values were greater than 0 ( P < .001). Difference value of carcinoembryonic antigen was obviously less than 0 ( P < .001). There was no obvious difference in all variations between cytokine-induced killer cell and DC+CIK groups ( P > .05). The highest amount of CD3+ T lymphocyte and Th was recorded after at least 4 cycles of immunotherapy. And CD8+ T/CD4+ T also began to decrease after 4 cycles of immunotherapy. Difference value of T lymphocyte and Tc of patients with surgery is higher than that of patients without surgery. CONCLUSION Cytokine-induced killer cell-based immunotherapy is capable of increasing T-lymphocyte subsets, recovering cellular immunity without severe side effects, and is suitable for different kinds of solid cancer. Clinical efficiency of cytokine-induced killer cell-based immunotherapy is influenced by many factors such as surgery, stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Chu
- 1 The Central Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengcai Du
- 2 The First Clinical College of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Jiang
- 3 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- 1 The Central Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Gong
- 4 Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Lian
- 1 The Central Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- 4 Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- 1 The Central Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,4 Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Lima AC, Alvarez‐Lorenzo C, Mano JF. Design Advances in Particulate Systems for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1687-723. [PMID: 27332041 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The search for more efficient therapeutic strategies and diagnosis tools is a continuous challenge. Advances in understanding the biological mechanisms behind diseases and tissues regeneration have widened the field of applications of particulate systems. Particles are no more just protective systems for the encapsulated drugs, but they play an active role in the success of the therapy. Moreover, particles have been explored for innovative purposes as templates for cells growth and as diagnostic tools. Until few years ago the most relevant parameters in particles formulation were the chemistry and the size. Currently, it is known that other physical characteristics can remarkably affect the performance of particulate systems. Particles with non-conventional shapes exhibit advantages due to the increasing circulation time in blood stream, less clearance by the immune system and more efficient cell internalization and trafficking. Creation of compartments has been found useful to control drug release, to tune the transport of substances across biological barriers, to supply the target with more than one bioactive agent or even to act as theranostic systems. It is expected that such complex shaped and compartmentalized systems improve the therapeutic outcomes and also the patient's compliance, acting as advanced devices that serve for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of the disease, combining agents of very different features, at the same time. In this review, we overview and analyse the most recent advances in particle shape and compartmentalization and applications of newly designed particulate systems in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Lima
- 3B's Research Group University of Minho AvePark 4806–909, Taipas Guimarães, Portugal ICVS/3B's‐PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Carmen Alvarez‐Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group University of Minho AvePark 4806–909, Taipas Guimarães, Portugal ICVS/3B's‐PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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Carlo MI, Voss MH, Motzer RJ. Checkpoint inhibitors and other novel immunotherapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Urol 2016; 13:420-31. [PMID: 27324121 PMCID: PMC5532875 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2016.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The management of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has dramatically changed over the past decade. Therapies that target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways have considerably expanded treatment options; however, most patients with advanced RCC still have limited overall survival. Increased understanding of the mechanisms of T cell-antigen recognition and function has led to the development of novel immunotherapies to treat cancer, chief among them inhibitors of checkpoint receptors - molecules whose function is to restrain the host immune response. In 2015, the FDA approved the first checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab for patients with advanced RCC following treatment with antiangiogenic therapy based on improved overall survival compared with the standard of care. Ongoing phase III trials are comparing checkpoint-inhibitor-based combination regimens with antiangiogenesis agents in the first-line setting. The field is evolving rapidly, with many clinical trials already testing several checkpoint inhibitors alone, in combination, or with other targeted therapies. In addition, different novel immune therapies are being investigated including vaccines, T-cell agonists, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Determining which patients will benefit from these therapies and which combination approaches will result in better response will be important as this field evolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Carlo
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 1275 York Avenue New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Martin H Voss
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 1275 York Avenue New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Robert J Motzer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 1275 York Avenue New York, New York 10065, USA
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Lan XP, Chen YG, Wang Z, Yuan CW, Wang GG, Lu GL, Mao SW, Jin XB, Xia QH. Immunotherapy of DC-CIK cells enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy for solid cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in Chinese patients. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 16:743-56. [PMID: 26365116 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Professional antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, components of anti-cancer therapy, have shown clinical benefits and potential to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance. To evaluate whether DC-CIK cell-based therapy improves the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy, we reviewed the literature on DC-CIK cells and meta-analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We searched several databases and selected studies using predefined criteria. RCTs that applied chemotherapy with and without DC-CIK cells separately in two groups were included. Odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) were reported to measure the pooled effect. RESULTS Twelve reported RCTs (826 patients), which were all performed on Chinese patients, were included. Combination therapy exhibited better data than chemotherapy: 1-year overall survival (OS) (OR=0.22, P<0.01), 2-year OS (OR=0.28, P<0.01), 3-year OS (OR=0.41, P<0.01), 1-year disease-free survival (DFS) (OR=0.16, P<0.05), 3-year DFS (OR=0.32, P<0.01), objective response rate (ORR) (OR=0.54, P<0.01), and disease control rate (DCR) (OR=0.46, P<0.01). Moreover, the levels of CD3(+) T-lymphocytes (MD=-11.65, P<0.05) and CD4(+) T-lymphocytes (MD=-8.18, P<0.01) of the combination group were higher. CONCLUSIONS Immunotherapy of DC-CIK cells may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy on solid cancer and induces no specific side effect. Further RCTs with no publishing bias should be designed to confirm the immunotherapeutic effects of DC-CIK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-peng Lan
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - You-gen Chen
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chuan-wei Yuan
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Gang-gang Wang
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Guo-liang Lu
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shao-wei Mao
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xun-bo Jin
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qing-hua Xia
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
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Zhang CH, Huang Y. Effect of Peripheral Blood CD4 + CD25 + Regulatory T Cell on Postoperative Immunotherapy for Patients with Renal Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:2027-30. [PMID: 27221890 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of peripheral blood CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cell on postoperative immunotherapy in patients with renal carcinoma. METHODS 38 patients with renal cell carcinoma were recruited, and 20 patients from the operation group purely underwent the radical nephrectomy therapy, 18 patients from the combined group successively underwent the radical nephrectomy therapy and IFN-α adjuvant immunotherapy. Additionally, 12 healthy subjects were recruited in the same period of time and regarded as the control group. Flow cytometry was used to detect CD4 +, CD8 +, CD4 + CD25+ T lymphocyte subset content and the ratio of all parts in the pre-operative period, in the first post-operative week and in the third post-operative month, compare and analyze its variation trend. RESULTS The CD4+CD25+ T lymphocyte subset content of individual renal carcinoma patients was significantly higher than that of the control group, also increases with the progression in the tumor stage (<0.05). The post-operative CD4 + CD25+T lymphocytes of individual operation group and combined group patients showed different degrees of increment, but the increment of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the operation group (<0.05). For the combined group patients with less pre-operative CD4 + CD25+T lymphocytes, their levels would increase after the immunotherapy, while the pre-operative patients with more CD4 + CD25+ T lymphocytes were the opposite situation. CONCLUSION The detection of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ regulatory T lymphocyte subset can reflect the anti-tumor immune status of renal cell carcinoma patient body. It can contribute to predict the prognosis of immunotherapy and provide reference for the choice of renal carcinoma post-operative adjuvant immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Urology, First People's Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China E-mail :
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Zhang L, Xu Y, Shen J, He F, Zhang D, Chen Z, Duan Y, Sun J. Feasibility study of DCs/CIKs combined with thoracic radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Radiat Oncol 2016; 11:60. [PMID: 27097970 PMCID: PMC4839093 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-016-0635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) can induce the anti-tumor immune response and radiotherapy may promote the activity. We aimed to explore the feasibility of DCs/CIKs combined with thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHOD In this study, patients with unresectable stage III/IV NSCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0-2 and previously receiving two or more cycles of platinum-based doublet chemotherapy without disease progression received TRT plus DCs/CIKs or TRT alone until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was median progression-free survival (mPFS). In treatment group, patients received four-cycle autologous DCs/CIKs infusion starting from the 6(th) fraction of irradiation. RESULTS From Jan 13, 2012 to June 30, 2014, 82 patients were enrolled, with 21 patients in treatment group and 61 in control group. The mPFS in treatment group was longer than that in control group (330 days vs 233 days, hazard ratio 0.51, 95 % CI 0.27-1.0, P < 0.05), and the objective response rate (ORR) of treatment group (47.6 %) was significantly higher that of control group (24.6 %, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in disease control rate (DCR) and median overall survival (mOS) between two groups (P > 0.05). The side effects in treatment group were mild and there was no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSION The combination of DCs/CIKs with TRT could be a feasible regimen in treating locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients. Further investigation of the regimen is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zhang
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- Oncology Department, Leshan People's Hospital, Sichuan, 614000, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Feng He
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhengtang Chen
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuzhong Duan
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Sanhueza C, Wehinger S, Castillo Bennett J, Valenzuela M, Owen GI, Quest AFG. The twisted survivin connection to angiogenesis. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:198. [PMID: 26584646 PMCID: PMC4653922 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of proteins (IAPs) that controls cell division, apoptosis, metastasis and angiogenesis, is overexpressed in essentially all human cancers. As a consequence, the gene/protein is considered an attractive target for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss recent findings related to the regulation of survivin expression and its role in angiogenesis, particularly in the context of hypoxia. We propose a novel role for survivin in cancer, whereby expression of the protein in tumor cells promotes VEGF synthesis, secretion and angiogenesis. Mechanistically, we propose the existence of a positive feed-back loop involving PI3-kinase/Akt activation and enhanced β-Catenin-TCF/LEF-dependent VEGF expression followed by secretion. Finally, we elaborate on the possibility that this mechanism operating in cancer cells may contribute to enhanced tumor vascularization by vasculogenic mimicry together with conventional angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sanhueza
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - S Wehinger
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - J Castillo Bennett
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - M Valenzuela
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - G I Owen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas & Center UC Investigation in Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A F G Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.
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Zhao X, Ji CY, Liu GQ, Ma DX, Ding HF, Xu M, Xing J. Immunomodulatory effect of DC/CIK combined with chemotherapy in multiple myeloma and the clinical efficacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:13146-13155. [PMID: 26722513 PMCID: PMC4680458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the clinical efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy using dendritic cells (DC) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells combined with chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. The immunomodulatory effect of the therapy was discussed by detecting the levels of peripheral blood T cell subsets and CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory cells (Treg). Fifty MM patients were randomly divided into two groups: 24 cases in the simple chemotherapy group and 26 cases in the combined therapy group (chemotherapy plus DC/CIK immunotherapy). The therapeutic efficacy and the proportions of peripheral blood T cell subsets and Treg cells were compared between the two groups. The cellular immunity indicators were also compared, including IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, AgNORs ratio and TGF-β. After 3 weeks of treatment, the life quality and clinical efficacy of the combined therapy group were superior to those of the simple chemotherapy group (P<0.05). CD3(+)CD8(+) ratio, CD4(+)CD25(+) ratio, CD4(+)CD25(+)/CD4(+) ratio, CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+)/CD4(+)CD25(+) ratio, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β levels of the combined therapy group were obviously lower than those of the simple chemotherapy group (P<0.05). The CD3(+)CD4(+)/CD3(+)CD8(+) ratio, AgNOR ratio, IL-2 and IFN-γ level and positive rate of NKG2D in the combined therapy group were significantly higher than those of the simple chemotherapy group (P<0.05). These results indicated better immunomodulatory effect of the combined therapy. DC/CIK immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has a good clinical efficacy and prospect for MM, reversing the Th1 to Th2 shift and increasing the anti-tumor capacity of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, China
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Shengli Oil FieldDongying 257000, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Shengli Oil FieldDongying 257000, China
| | - Dao-Xin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, China
| | - Hui-Fang Ding
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Shengli Oil FieldDongying 257000, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Shengli Oil FieldDongying 257000, China
| | - Jian Xing
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Shengli Oil FieldDongying 257000, China
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Zhao X, Zhang Z, Li H, Huang J, Yang S, Xie T, Huang L, Yue D, Xu L, Wang L, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Cytokine induced killer cell-based immunotherapies in patients with different stages of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 362:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pan QZ, Tang Y, Wang QJ, Li YQ, Zhang L, Li XD, Zhao JJ, Weng DS, Liu Q, Huang LX, He J, Chen SP, Ke ML, Zeng YX, Xia JC. Adjuvant cellular immunotherapy in patients with resected primary non-small cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1038017. [PMID: 26405607 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1038017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients require adjuvant therapy to improve their prognosis. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a sequential combination of autologous cellular immunotherapy (CIT) and chemotherapy for postoperative NSCLC. This retrospective study included 120 postoperative NSCLC patients: 60 cases received only chemotherapy; 33 cases received chemotherapy and sequential CIT with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells; and 27 cases received chemotherapy and sequential CIT with alternate CIK and natural killer (NK) cells. Survival analysis showed significantly higher overall survival rates in the CIT group compared with the control group. Overall survival was higher in patients who received CIT with alternate CIK and NK cells than those who received treatment with only CIK cells. Multivariate analysis showed that adjuvant CIT was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of patients with NSCLC. In subgroup analyses, adjuvant CIT significantly improved the overall survival of patients with less than 60 y old and positive lymph node. In conclusions, these data indicate that adjuvant CIT, especially with alternate application of CIK and NK cells, is an effective therapeutic approach to prolong survival of patients with NSCLC, particularly for patients ≤60 y old with positive lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Zhong Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Jing Wang
- Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Sheng Weng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xi Huang
- Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ping Chen
- Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao-La Ke
- Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China ; Department of Biotherapy; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou, China
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Shi H, Qi X, Ma B, Cao Y, Wang L, Sun L, Niu H. The status, limitation and improvement of adoptive cellular immunotherapy in advanced urologic malignancies. Chin J Cancer Res 2015; 27:128-37. [PMID: 25937774 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2014.12.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has been gradually established as the fourth frequently adopted antitumor therapy, following surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, for advanced urologic malignancies with an improved understanding of theoretical basis, such as molecular biology and immunology. Thereinto, adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) has become one of the hotspots, which comprises a variety of treatment approaches, such as TIL, CIK cell, γδ T cell, CAR-engineered T cell and Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). Although preclinical efficacy has been demonstrated remarkably, clinical trials could not consistently show the benefit due to multi-factors in complex immunosuppressive microenvironment in vivo compared to that of in vitro. Here we review some timely aspects of ACI for advanced urologic malignancies, and describe the current status and limitation of immunotherapy from the cellular level. It's our expectation to provide prompting consideration of novel combinatorial ACI strategies and a resurgence of interest in ACI for advanced urologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Shi
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiangjie Qi
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Bin Ma
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lina Wang
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lijiang Sun
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- 1 Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China ; 2 Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, China ; 3 Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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Combe P, de Guillebon E, Thibault C, Granier C, Tartour E, Oudard S. Trial Watch: Therapeutic vaccines in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1001236. [PMID: 26155388 PMCID: PMC4485845 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.1001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the renaissance of cancer immunotherapy, no novel immunotherapy has been approved for the treatment of renal cell cancer (RCC) since the availability of recombinant cytokines (interleukin-2, interferon-α). All vaccine trials have failed to meet their endpoints although they have highlighted potential predictive biomarkers (e.g., pre-existing immune response, hematological parameters, tumor burden). Recent advances in immunomodulatory therapies have prompted the study of combination treatments targeting the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment consisting of regulatory T-cells (Treg), myeloid suppressor cells, and cytokines. Approaches under investigation are use of inhibitors to curb the overexpression of immune checkpoint ligands by tumor cells (e.g., anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1/PD-L1) and exploiting the immunomodulatory effects of anti-angiogenic agents that are the current standard of metastatic RCC care. Phase III trials are focusing on the possible synergy between therapeutic vaccines (e.g., IMA-901 and AGS-003) and anti-angiogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Combe
- Department of Medical Oncology; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (AP-HP); Paris, France
- INSERM; PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center); Université Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Eleonore de Guillebon
- Department of Medical Oncology; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (AP-HP); Paris, France
- INSERM; PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center); Université Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Constance Thibault
- Department of Medical Oncology; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (AP-HP); Paris, France
| | - Clémence Granier
- INSERM; PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center); Université Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Department of Biological Immunology; Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou (AP-HP); Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM; PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center); Université Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Department of Biological Immunology; Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou (AP-HP); Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Oudard
- Department of Medical Oncology; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (AP-HP); Paris, France
- INSERM; PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center); Université Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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Zhao YJ, Jiang N, Song QK, Wu JP, Song YG, Zhang HM, Chen F, Zhou L, Wang XL, Zhou XN, Yang HB, Ren J, Lyerly HK. Continuous DC-CIK Infusions Restore CD8+Cellular Immunity, Physical Activity and Improve Clinical Efficacy in Advanced Cancer Patients Unresponsive to Conventional Treatments. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:2419-23. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.6.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Zhou L, Lu L, Wicha MS, Chang AE, Xia JC, Ren X, Li Q. Promise of cancer stem cell vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:2796-9. [PMID: 26337078 PMCID: PMC5054775 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1083661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines designed to target cancer stem cells (CSC) can induce significant antitumor responses via conferring host anti-CSC immunity. Our recent studies have demonstrated that CSC-DC vaccine could inhibit metastasis of primary tumors and induce humoral immune responses against cancer stem cells. This approach highlights the promise of cancer stem cell vaccine in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Biotherapy; Tianjin University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy; Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Guangzhou, China
- Present affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology; Guangzhou First People’s Hospital; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou, China
| | - Max S Wicha
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Alfred E Chang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Jian-chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy; Tianjin University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy; Tianjin, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI USA
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Bloy N, Pol J, Aranda F, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Fridman WH, Fučíková J, Galon J, Tartour E, Spisek R, Dhodapkar MV, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Dendritic cell-based anticancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e963424. [PMID: 25941593 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.963424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of patient-derived dendritic cells (DCs) as a means to elicit therapeutically relevant immune responses in cancer patients has been extensively investigated throughout the past decade. In this context, DCs are generally expanded, exposed to autologous tumor cell lysates or loaded with specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), and then reintroduced into patients, often in combination with one or more immunostimulatory agents. As an alternative, TAAs are targeted to DCs in vivo by means of monoclonal antibodies, carbohydrate moieties or viral vectors specific for DC receptors. All these approaches have been shown to (re)activate tumor-specific immune responses in mice, often mediating robust therapeutic effects. In 2010, the first DC-based preparation (sipuleucel-T, also known as Provenge®) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in humans. Reflecting the central position occupied by DCs in the regulation of immunological tolerance and adaptive immunity, the interest in harnessing them for the development of novel immunotherapeutic anticancer regimens remains high. Here, we summarize recent advances in the preclinical and clinical development of DC-based anticancer therapeutics.
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Key Words
- DC, dendritic cell
- DC-based vaccination
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- IFN, interferon
- MRC1, mannose receptor, C type 1
- MUC1, mucin 1
- TAA, tumor-associated antigen
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- Toll-like receptor agonists
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- WT1, Wilms tumor 1
- antigen cross-presentation
- autophagy
- iDC, immature DC
- immunogenic cell death
- mDC, mature DC
- pDC, plasmacytoid DC
- regulatory T cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI ; Orsay, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France
| | | | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris France
| | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris France
| | - Jitka Fučíková
- Department of Immunology; 2nd Medical School Charles University and University Hospital Motol ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Sotio a.s. ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France ; INSERM , U970; Paris France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP ; Paris France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology; 2nd Medical School Charles University and University Hospital Motol ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Sotio a.s. ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Medicine; Immunobiology and Yale Cancer Center; Yale University ; New Haven, CT USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015, CICBT507 ; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP ; Paris France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France
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