Biological and other health related correlates of long-term life dissatisfaction burden

Reciprocal Effects between Sleep Quality and Life Satisfaction in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Health Status

OBJECTIVES

to examine the causal relationship between sleep quality and life satisfaction and explore the mediating role of health status on the relationship between sleep quality and life satisfaction.

METHODS

A total of 1856 older Chinese people participating in 2011, 2014, and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were included. A cross-lagged panel analysis (CLPA) combined with mediator analysis was utilized.

RESULTS

The average sleep quality levels for the years 2011, 2014, and 2018 were 3.70, 3.63, and 3.47 out of 5, respectively. The corresponding average levels of health status were 3.47, 3.44, and 3.39 out of 5, and the average levels of life satisfaction were 3.75, 3.86, and 3.87 out of 5, respectively. In addition, sleep quality at prior assessment points was significantly associated with life quality at subsequent assessments, and vice versa. Also, health status partially mediated this prospective reciprocal relationship.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a nonlinear decreased trend in sleep quality and health status, while there exists a nonlinear increased trend in life satisfaction for older adults from 2011 to 2018. Reciprocal positive effects between sleep quality and life satisfaction in older adults exist and are mediated by health status.

The human physiology of well-being: A systematic review on the association between neurotransmitters, hormones, inflammatory markers, the microbiome and well-being

To understand the pathways through which well-being contributes to health, we performed a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines on the association between well-being and physiological markers in four categories, neurotransmitters, hormones, inflammatory markers, and microbiome. We identified 91 studies. Neurotransmitter studies (k_{number of studies}=9) reported only a possible positive association between serotonin and well-being. For the hormone studies (k = 48), a lower momentary cortisol level was related to higher well-being (meta-analytic r = -0.06), and a steeper diurnal slope of cortisol levels. Inflammatory marker studies (k = 36) reported negative or non-significant relations with well-being, with meta-analytic estimates of respectively r = -0.07 and r = -0.05 for C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Microbiome studies (k = 4) reported inconsistent associations between different bacteria abundance and well-being. The results indicate possible but small roles of serotonin, cortisol, and inflammatory markers in explaining differences in well-being. The inconsistent and limited results for other markers and microbiome require further research. Future directions for a complete picture of the physiological factors underlying well-being are proposed.

Relationship between Life Satisfaction and Sleep Quality and Its Dimensions among Older Adults in City of Qom, Iran

Background and Objective: Assessment of sleep quality is necessary in the older adults' management program so that good sleep quality will lead to a successful older adult's life. The present study aims to determine the relationship between life satisfaction and quality of sleep and its dimensions among the older adults' population residing in Qom city, Iran.Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study conducted in 2018. The population of the study consisted of older adults resident Qom, of whom 679 were selected by simple sampling. The data were collected using demographic characteristics, Life Satisfaction Inventory-Z(LSI-Z) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed with statistical package SPSS (version 22) using independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD)of the older adults was 70.43 ± 7.62 years. Mean of life satisfaction score and sleep quality were 13.00 ± 3.00 and 10.00 ± 3.00, respectively. There was a significant relationship between life satisfaction and sleep quality (P < .001). Moreover, life satisfaction was associated with the use of hypnotic drugs, mental sleep quality, daily functional disorders, and sleep disorders (P < .001). There was a significant relationship between sleep duration (P = .003) and delay to fall asleep (P = .048) with life satisfaction. However, there was no significant relationship between life satisfaction and sleep efficiency (P = .226).Conclusion: Our findings showed that sleep quality was not desirable in older adults. On the other hand, sleep quality and its dimensions were related to the satisfaction of life among the older adults. It is necessary to utilize solutions to improve the sleep quality in the older adults' community.

Parental Caregiving Burden, Depression, Social Support, and Life Satisfaction: A Multigroup Analysis of Social Support for Parents of Young Children Suffering From Brain Lesions

Social support refers to people’s interpersonal relationships and is a potentially powerful mediator for caregivers’ life satisfaction. This study examined the relationships between parental caregiver burden, depression, social support, and life satisfaction. It compared these relation variables between parents of preschool- and school-aged children, as mediator effects of social support may differ across age ranges. Data were used from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea’s research on support services and policies for people with brain lesions. Parental caregivers of preschool- ( n = 93) and school-aged ( n = 91) children participated in this study. A multigroup analysis indicated a significant negative relationship between caregiving burden and depression with social support and parental life satisfaction and a significant positive relation for social support with life satisfaction for the overall group, preschool- and school aged. Social support was a mediator for each group; however, the regression weight differed between preschool- and school-aged children’s parents. The study confirms the importance of caregivers’ social support and suggests a need for family support strategies that account for children’s ages.

Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality as Predictors of Health in Elderly Individuals

The main purpose of the present study was to explore the associations of sleep duration and sleep quality with self-rated health. In this cross-sectional study, participants were 894 elderly individuals. Self-rated health, sleep duration, and sleep quality were self-reported. The associations were examined using multiple logistic regression analyses.After adjusting for sex, physical activity, smoking consumption, alcohol consumption, psychological distress, socioeconomic status, and chronic disease/s, sleeping <6 h (OR (Odds ratio) = 3.21; 95% CI (95 percent confident interval) 1.61 to 6.39), 6–7 h (OR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.40 to 4.36), 8–9 h (OR = 3.26; 95% CI 1.82 to 5.83), and >9 h (OR = 3.62; 95% CI 1.57 to 8.34) and having ‘poor’ sleep quality (≥5 points; OR = 2.33; 95% CI 1.46 to 3.73) were associated with ‘poor’ self-rated health. When sleep duration and sleep quality were entered simultaneously into the model, the same associations remained. Our findings provide evidence that both ‘short’ and ‘long’ sleep and ‘poor’ sleep quality are associated with ‘poor’ self-rated health. Thus, interventions that promote healthy sleep hygiene in the elderly are warranted.

The associations between sleep duration and sleep quality with self-rated health in young adults: a population-based study

BACKGROUND

The main purpose of the present study was to explore significant associations between sleep duration and sleep quality with poor self-rated health.

METHODS

Subjects were 2100 university students (49.6% of women), aged 18-24 years. The associations between sleep duration and sleep quality with self-rated health were examined by using structured questionnaires.

RESULTS

After adjusting for sex, body mass index (BMI), socio-economic status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, presence or absence of chronic diseases, psychological distress and physical activity, very short [<6 h, odds ratio (OR) = 4.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95-11.76] and very long (>10 h, OR = 4.09; 95% CI 2.26-7.39) sleep duration and poor sleep quality (OR = 1.44; 95% CI 1.01-2.05) were associated with poor self-rated health.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results show both dependent and independent associations between sleep duration and sleep quality with self-rated health in a large sample of young adults. Thus, policies that promote adequate sleep duration and good sleep quality are warranted.

Life satisfaction and inflammation in couples: an actor-partner analysis

Life satisfaction has been linked to lower cardiovascular disease mortality. However, much less is known about the biological mechanisms linking life satisfaction to physical health. In addition, the dyadic context of life satisfaction has not been considered despite increasing evidence that partners influence each other in health-relevant ways. These questions were addressed with 94 married couples who completed measures of life satisfaction and had their blood drawn for determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Actor-partner models showed that higher actor levels of life satisfaction predicted lower levels of IL-6 and CRP (p's < .05), whereas partner levels of life satisfaction did not predict any measure of inflammation. The actor results were not mediated by marital satisfaction or health behaviors. Finally, no actor × partner interactions were significant and these links were not moderated by marital satisfaction. These data highlight inflammation as a potentially important biological mechanism linking actor reports of life satisfaction to lower cardiovascular mortality.

Body dissatisfaction predicts inflammatory status in asymptomatic healthy individuals

Body dissatisfaction may play some role in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases. This study examined relations between body dissatisfaction and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and anti-inflammatory adiponectin, and to explore positive changes in relevant lifestyle behaviour after these associations. A total of 33 asymptomatic overweight men and women were evaluated at the baseline and after a 6-month lifestyle behaviour intervention. Body dissatisfaction emerged as an important predictor of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers and may promote the production of inflammatory cytokines by reducing the level of anti-inflammatory and increasing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

Associations of sleep duration and sleep quality with life satisfaction in elderly Chinese: The mediating role of depression

This study investigated whether sleep duration and quality were related to life satisfaction (LS) among older Chinese adults and whether depression mediated those relationships. Cross-sectional data from the aging arm of the Rugao Longevity and Aging Study were used. Sleep duration, sleep quality, depression, LS and covariates were analyzed using logistic regressions. To assess the potential mediation of depression on the association between sleep duration and quality and LS, Aroian tests were used. Of 1756 older Chinese adults aged 70-84 years, 90.7% of the men and 83.3% of the women reported being satisfied with their lives. After adjusting for covariates, older adults who slept ≤6h per night were more likely to suffer from life dissatisfaction compared with those who slept 7-8h (OR=2.67, 95% CI 1.86-3.79), and individuals who slept poorly were almost 2 times (OR=2.91, 95% CI 2.16-3.91) more likely to have life dissatisfaction. The Aroian tests confirmed that these relationships were partially mediated by depression (p<0.001). Between short sleep and LS, the mediating effect of depression accounted for 13.9% of the total effects. Moreover, the mediating effect of depression on the association between sleep quality and LS was 13.3%. Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality were inversely associated with LS, and the relationships were partially mediated by depression. Our study suggests that both sleep and depression status are important factors for LS among the elderly.

Peptides from adipose tissue in mental disorders

Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that is essential to regulation of metabolism in humans. A new approach to mental disorders led to research on involvement of adipokines in the etiology of mental disorders and mood states and their impact on the health status of psychiatric patients, as well as the effects of treatment for mental health disorders on plasma levels of adipokines. There is evidence that disturbances in adipokine secretion are important in the pathogenesis, clinical presentation and outcome of mental disorders. Admittedly leptin and adiponectin are involved in pathophysiology of depression. A lot of disturbances in secretion and plasma levels of adipokines are observed in eating disorders with a significant impact on the symptoms and course of a disease. It is still a question whether observed dysregulation of adipokines secretion are primary or secondary. Moreover findings in this area are somewhat inconsistent, owing to differences in patient age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking habits, level of physical activity, eating pathology, general health or medication. This was the rationale for our detailed investigation into the role of the endocrine functions of adipose tissue in mental disorders. It seems that we are continually at the beginning of understanding of the relation between adipose tissue and mental disorders.

Life satisfaction and bone mineral density among postmenopausal women: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to determine whether and how global life satisfaction is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone loss.

METHODS

A total of 2167 women from a cohort of Finnish women born in 1932 to 1941 were included in the cross-sectional and 1147 women in the 10-year longitudinal part of the present study. Participants responded to a postal enquiry and underwent femoral BMD densitometry in 1999 (baseline) and 2009 (follow-up). During the follow-up, their life satisfaction was repeatedly measured using a four-item scale. Self-reported data on health, life-style, and medication were used to adjust the multivariate linear regression models.

RESULTS

Mean (standard deviation) femoral BMD decreased over the 10-year follow-up from 880 (125) to 846 (122) mg/cm. In the multivariate model, life satisfaction (p = .028) and its improvement (p = .001) predicted reduced bone loss, whereas hospitalization due to depression predicted increased bone loss (B = -0.523 annual % change, standard error = 0.212, p = .014). These effects were independent of each other.

CONCLUSIONS

Easily assessed global life satisfaction should be taken into account when effects of aging and prevention of osteoporosis as well as health promotion in postmenopausal women are considered.

The point prevalence of depression and associated sociodemographic correlates in the general population of Latvia

AIM

To determine the point prevalence of depression in the general Latvian population and to explore the associated sociodemographic characteristics.

METHODS

The study was part of the cross-sectional survey on the general population on substance use in Latvia in 2011. It consisted of face-to-face interviews of a randomised stratified multi-stage probability sample. In total, 4493 persons were included, aged between 15 and 64. To assess depression, the participants were interviewed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9; a score of ≥10 was defined as indicating the presence of a depressive episode. Socio-demographic, subjective health status and alcohol use were assessed using the structured interviews. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze data.

RESULTS

The point prevalence of depression was 6.7%. The odds of having depression were higher in females, in urban dwellers (though not in the capital city, Riga), in persons with non-Latvian ethnicity, with alcohol dependence, with poor subjective health status and having a dissatisfaction with life. Limitations. Cross-sectional nature of the sampling and the symptom scale used for the assessment of depression.

CONCLUSIONS

The point prevalence of depression in Latvia is within the European average. Certain socio-demographic and health related factors are associated with higher risk of morbidity with depression.