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Axelsson E, Santoft F, Särnholm J, Ljótsson B. Brief scales for the measurement of target variables and processes of change in cognitive behaviour therapy for major depression, panic disorder and social anxiety disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother 2024; 52:376-393. [PMID: 37986585 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465823000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of process variables derived from cognitive behavioural theory can aid treatment development and support the clinician in following treatment progress. Self-report process measures are ideally brief, which reduces the burden on patients and facilitates the implementation of repeated measurements. AIMS To develop 13 brief versions (3-6 items) of existing cognitive behavioural process scales for three common mental disorders: major depression, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. METHOD Using data from a real-world teaching clinic offering internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (n=370), we drafted brief process scales and then validated these scales in later cohorts (n=293). RESULTS In the validation data, change in the brief process scales significantly mediated change in the corresponding domain outcomes, with standardized coefficient point estimates in the range of -0.53 to -0.21. Correlations with the original process scales were substantial (r=.83-.96), internal consistency was mostly adequate (α=0.65-0.86), and change scores were moderate to large (|d|=0.51-1.18). For depression, the brief Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale-Activation subscale was especially promising. For panic disorder, the brief Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire-Physical Consequences subscale was especially promising. For social anxiety disorder, the Social Cognitions Questionnaire, the Social Probability and Cost Questionnaire, and the Social Behavior Questionnaire-Avoidance and Impression Management subscales were all promising. CONCLUSIONS Several brief process scales showed promise as measures of treatment processes in cognitive behaviour therapy. There is a need for replication and further evaluation using experimental designs, in other clinical settings, and preferably in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erland Axelsson
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Liljeholmen University Primary Health Care Center, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care Center, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Santoft
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefin Särnholm
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brjánn Ljótsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lieberman A, Parrish EM, Depp CA, Harvey PD, Pinkham AE, Joiner TE. Demoralization in Schizophrenia: A Pathway to Suicidal Ideation? Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:554-568. [PMID: 37013824 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2195454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with schizophrenia are at increased risk for suicide, and the Demoralization Hypothesis states that non-delusional awareness of one's social, cognitive, or occupational deterioration elicits depression and hopelessness. Both depression and hopelessness are established risk factors for suicide and are features of schizophrenia. The present study investigated whether insight into one's schizophrenia yields suicidal ideation, specifically by way of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, which are constructs related to demoralization and measured by the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ). METHODS Three separate models explored the mediating role of INQ scores on suicidal ideation in 99 participants with schizophrenia. With suicidal ideation entered as the dependent variable and INQ scores entered as the mediator, the first model included insight as the independent variable, the second included cognitive functioning, and the third included cognitive deterioration post-illness-onset. RESULTS Consistent with our hypothesis, INQ scores related to suicidal ideation (B = .03, SE = .01, p < .001). However, neither insight, cognitive functioning, nor cognitive deterioration predicted INQ scores or suicidal ideation. Additionally, INQ scores did not mediate relationships with suicidal, ideation. CONCLUSION Although INQ scores led to increased suicidal ideation, neither insight into illness, current cognitive functioning, nor shift in functioning led to increased INQ scores. Implications are discussed, and future directions are proposed.
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Parker G, Tavella G, Spoelma MJ, Sazhin V. Does theta burst stimulation have differential benefit for those with melancholic or non-melancholic depression? J Affect Disord 2024; 350:847-853. [PMID: 38272362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine if theta burst stimulation (TBS) is of preferential benefit to those with melancholic or non-melancholic depression as an adjunctive treatment for treatment resistant depression (TRD). METHODS Fifty-two patients receiving TBS at a private psychiatric hospital participated in a naturalistic study. Four diagnostic strategies were used to assign melancholic versus non-melancholic depression subtype status. Depression symptoms were assessed at baseline, mid-treatment, and end of treatment using the Montgomery-Ǻsberg Depression Rating Scale - Self-Assessment (MADRS-S). Forty-one participants also completed the MADR-S at a six-week follow-up assessment. RESULTS We quantified poor correlations between the four study measures of melancholia; a finding suggesting that valid measurement of melancholia is likely to remain problematic. TBS led to significant reductions in depression symptoms from baseline to end of treatment, with this effect maintained at follow up. Response rates for the whole sample were 61.5 % at end of treatment and 53.7 % at follow-up, while remission rates were 34.6 % at end of treatment and 31.7 % at follow-up. Improvement rates as well as responder and remission rates were comparable for the melancholic and non-melancholic groups, irrespective of the diagnostic strategy used. LIMITATIONS The study was naturalistic (i.e., there being no control group, and concomitant medication changes were allowed), depression severity was assessed only by use of self-report measures, and the sample size was relatively small. CONCLUSION TBS appears to be non-specific, in that we failed to quantify any statistically significant differential benefit for those with melancholic compared to those with non-melancholic depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Gordon Private Hospital, Gordon, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Gabriela Tavella
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J Spoelma
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
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Mohamad S, Trumm S, Treskatsch S, Drevs A, Bajbouj M, Wiedemann L. The influence of concomitant antidepressant and antipsychotic medication on antidepressant effect and seizure duration of electroconvulsive therapy. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1341508. [PMID: 38563025 PMCID: PMC10982991 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1341508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A significant proportion of patients with a depressive disorder show resistance to pharmacological and psychotherapeutic antidepressant treatments. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still one of the most effective treatment methods, especially in the acute phase. In everyday clinical practice, this usually accompanies pharmacological treatment. It has been shown that pharmacological treatment following acute ECT treatment reduces the rate of relapses. However, the effect of various antidepressants (ADs) and antipsychotics (APs) on the effect during the course of ECT has rarely been investigated. Methods In this retrospective chart review study, the data of 104 depressive patients treated with ECT were examined. We analyzed the influence of concomitant administration of AD and AP or no psychotropic medication on the effect of ECT using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). We further analyzed the influence of the ADs Bupropion, Venlafaxine, and Sertraline or no AD and the influence of augmentation with Aripiprazole or Quetiapine or Olanzapine. Results/discussion Psychotropic medication did not have an impact on antidepressant efficacy of ECT as measured with the MADRS scores. In addition, the comparison between the antidepressant or antipsychotic medications themselves did not show any significant difference. However, we found a significantly different seizure duration depending on the antidepressant substance that patients received during ECT (p = .008). ECT treatment itself led to a highly significant reduction of 13.3 points in the MADRS (p <.001). Conclusion Taken together, our study underlines that concomitant psychotropic medication while doing electroconvulsive therapy does not bare the risk of prolonged seizure duration or does it reduce the effectiveness of ECT. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the effect of treatment with antidepressants in combination with antipsychotics while doing ECT. In light of our results, this combination therapy is safe and effective. Bearing in mind the delay in onset of antidepressant action of medication and the importance of antidepressant medication for relapse prevention, this study further supports the recommendation that psychotropic medication should be given in adjunction to ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Malek Bajbouj
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gervind E, Salem MB, Svanborg C, Nyström ME, Lilja JL, Kaldo V, Weineland S. The influence of organizational models on the implementation of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy in primary care: A mixed methods study using the RE-AIM framework. Internet Interv 2024; 35:100698. [PMID: 38174208 PMCID: PMC10761770 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT) holds great potential in addressing mental health issues, yet its real-world implementation poses significant challenges. While prior research has predominantly focused on centralized care models, this study explores the implementation of iCBT in the context of decentralized organizational structures within the Swedish primary care setting, where all interventions traditionally are delivered at local Primary Care Centers (PCCs). Aim This study aims to enhance our understanding of iCBT implementation in primary care and assess the impact of organizational models on the implementation's outcome using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework. Method A mixed-methods research design was employed to identify the factors influencing iCBT implementation across different levels, involving patients, therapists and managers. Data spanning two years was collected and analyzed through thematic analysis and statistical tests. The study encompassed 104 primary care centers, with patient data (n = 1979) sourced from the Swedish National Quality Register for Internet-Based Psychological Treatment (SibeR). Additionally, 53 iCBT therapists and 50 PCC managers completed the Normalization Measure Development Questionnaire, and 15 leaders participated in interviews. Results Our investigation identified two implementation approaches, one concentrated and one decentralized. Implementation effectiveness was evident through adherence rates suggesting that iCBT is a promising approach for treating mental ill-health in primary care, although challenges were observed concerning patient assessment and therapist drift towards unstructured treatment. Mandatory implementation, along with managerial and organizational support, positively impacted adoption. Results vary in terms of adherence to established protocols, with therapists working in concentrated model showing a significantly higher percentage of registration in the quality register SibeR (X2 (1, N = 2973) = 430.5774, p = 0.001). They also showed significantly higher means in cognitive participation (Z = -2.179, p = 0.029) and in reflective monitoring (Z = -2.548, p = 0.011). Discussion Overall, the study results demonstrate that iCBT, as a complex and qualitatively different intervention from traditional psychological treatment, can be widely implemented in primary care settings. The study's key finding highlights the substantial advantages of the concentrated organizational model. This model has strengths in sustainability, encourages reflective monitoring among therapists, the use of quality registers, and enforces established protocols. Conclusion In conclusion, this study significantly contributes to the understanding of the practical aspects associated with the implementation of complex internet interventions, particularly in the context of internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT). The study highlights that effective iCBT integration into primary care requires a multifaceted approach, taking into account organizational models, robust support structures, and a commitment to maintaining quality standards. By emphasizing these factors, our research aims to provide actionable insights that can enhance the practicability and real-world applicability of implementing iCBT in primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Gervind
- Research, Development, Education and Innovation, Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Svanborg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica E. Nyström
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Josefine L. Lilja
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- General Practice/Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Viktor Kaldo
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Sandra Weineland
- Research, Development, Education and Innovation, Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
- Närhälsan, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
- General Practice/Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Husain MO, Chaudhry IB, Khoso AB, Foussias G, Shafique M, Shakoor S, Lane S, Abid M, Riaz M, Husain N, Qurashi I. Demographic and clinical correlates of suicidal ideation in individuals with at-risk mental state (ARMS): A study from Pakistan. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:132-139. [PMID: 37265199 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. People with an at-risk-mental-state (ARMS) for psychosis are more vulnerable to psychiatric co-morbidity and suicide, however, there are limited data from low-middle-income countries. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation along with sociodemographic and clinical correlates of suicidal ideation in individuals with ARMS from Pakistan. METHOD Participants between the age of 16 and 35 years who met the criteria for ARMS based on the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State (CAARMS), were recruited from the community, general practitioner clinics and psychiatric units across Pakistan (n = 326). Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Social-Occupational-Functional-Assessment-Scale (SOFAS) were administered to participants. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts in the sample at baseline were 91.1% (n = 297) and 61.0% (n = 199), respectively. There were significant mean differences between groups (mean difference [95% CI]; p-value) without suicidal ideation and with suicidal ideation on measures of MADRS (-5.47 [-7.14, -3.81]; p < .001), CAARMS non-bizarre ideas (-0.29 [-0.47, -0.11]; p = .002) and perceptual abnormalities (-0.23 [-0.41, -0.04]; p = .015). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in individuals with ARMS in Pakistan. Given the pivotal developmental stages that ARMS presents, and the poor outcomes associated with co-morbid depression, there is an urgent need to prioritize the development of low-cost and scalable evidence-based interventions to address psychiatric comorbidity and suicidality in the ARMS population in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Omair Husain
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - I B Chaudhry
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A B Khoso
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - G Foussias
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Shafique
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Shakoor
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Lane
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Abid
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Riaz
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N Husain
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Prescott, UK
- Institute of Population and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - I Qurashi
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Prescott, UK
- Institute of Population and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Kato M, Shiosakai M, Kuwahara K, Iba K, Shimada Y, Saito M, Isogai Y, Sekine D, Aoki K, Koga N, Higuchi T. Adjunctive brexpiprazole 1 mg and 2 mg daily for Japanese patients with major depressive disorder following inadequate response to antidepressants: a phase 2/3, randomized, double-blind (BLESS) study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 78:113-122. [PMID: 37933521 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Inadequate antidepressant response interrupts effective treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The BLESS study evaluates the dosage, efficacy, and safety of brexpiprazole adjunctive therapy in Japanese patients with inadequate antidepressant therapy (ADT) response. METHODS This placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter, parallel-group phase 2/3 study randomized Japanese MDD patients (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression 17-item total score ≥ 14; historical inadequate response to 1-3 ADTs) with inadequate response to 8-week single-blind, prospective SSRI/SNRI treatment to 6-week adjunctive treatment with brexpiprazole 1 mg, 2 mg, or placebo. The primary endpoint was change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score from baseline. Secondary endpoints included MADRS response, remission rate, and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement score. Safety was comprehensively evaluated, especially regarding antipsychotic adverse events (AEs). RESULTS Of 1194 screened patients, 740 were randomized and 736 (1 mg, n = 248; 2 mg, n = 245; placebo, n = 243) had ≥1 baseline/post-baseline MADRS total score. The LSM (SE) change from baseline in MADRS total score at Week 6 by MMRM analysis was -8.5 (0.47) with brexpiprazole 1 mg, -8.2 (0.47) with brexpiprazole 2 mg, and -6.7 (0.47) with placebo (placebo-adjusted LSM difference [95% CI]: 1 mg, -1.7 [-3.0, -0.4]; P = 0.0089; 2 mg, -1.4 [-2.7, -0.1]; P = 0.0312). Secondary efficacy results supported the primary endpoint. Brexpiprazole was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION Brexpiprazole 1 mg daily was an appropriate starting dose and both 1 mg and 2 mg daily were effective and well tolerated as adjunctive therapy for Japanese MDD patients not adequately responsive to ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Shiosakai
- Clinical Development, Headquarters of Clinical Development Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kuwahara
- Clinical Development, Headquarters of Clinical Development Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Iba
- Clinical Development, Headquarters of Clinical Development Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimada
- Clinical Development, Headquarters of Clinical Development Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Saito
- Clinical Development, Headquarters of Clinical Development Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Isogai
- Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sekine
- Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Aoki
- Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Koga
- Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Higuchi
- Japan Depression Center, Tokyo, Japan
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Blom K, Forsell E, Hellberg M, Svanborg C, Jernelöv S, Kaldo V. Psychological Treatment of Comorbid Insomnia and Depression: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2024; 93:100-113. [PMID: 38286128 PMCID: PMC10997274 DOI: 10.1159/000536063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insomnia and depression are highly prevalent disorders and commonly occur together. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, CBT-I, has been shown to be effective in treating insomnia and also comorbid depression. However, it is unclear whether effects of CBT-I on depression are specific or nonspecific. Also, depressive symptoms often remain too high after CBT-I, indicating a need for improved treatments. The objective was to determine whether combining CBT-I with CBT for depression, without increasing treatment length, reduces both insomnia and depression more than CBT for depression with a placebo insomnia intervention. METHODS A 12-week double-blind randomized controlled trial with a 6-month follow-up in a psychiatric setting using therapist-guided internet-delivered treatments was conducted. Patients (N = 126) were diagnosed with insomnia disorder and major depression by physicians. Primary outcome measures were as follows: self-rating scales Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). RESULTS The combined treatment showed specific effects on insomnia severity over the control treatment (p = 0.007) but was not more effective in reducing depression severity. Within-group effects (Cohen's d) at post and at 6 months were as follows: ISI 1.40 and 1.42 (combined treatment), 0.95 and 1.00 (control); MADRS-S 0.97 and 1.12 (combined), 0.88 and 0.89 (control). CONCLUSIONS CBT-I shows large specific effects on insomnia severity and is superior to control in this regard. Both treatments had similar effects on depression severity, i.e., combining CBT-I with CBT for depression did not enhance outcomes on depression compared to control. We suggest CBT-I should always be offered to patients with insomnia and depression comorbidity, possibly as the first-hand choice. Combining it with a psychological treatment for depression could be too burdening and may not be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Blom
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Forsell
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Hellberg
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svanborg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Jernelöv
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktor Kaldo
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
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Zantvoort K, Hentati Isacsson N, Funk B, Kaldo V. Dataset size versus homogeneity: A machine learning study on pooling intervention data in e-mental health dropout predictions. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241248920. [PMID: 38757087 PMCID: PMC11097733 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241248920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study proposes a way of increasing dataset sizes for machine learning tasks in Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy through pooling interventions. To this end, it (1) examines similarities in user behavior and symptom data among online interventions for patients with depression, social anxiety, and panic disorder and (2) explores whether these similarities suffice to allow for pooling the data together, resulting in more training data when prediction intervention dropout. Methods A total of 6418 routine care patients from the Internet Psychiatry in Stockholm are analyzed using (1) clustering and (2) dropout prediction models. For the latter, prediction models trained on each individual intervention's data are compared to those trained on all three interventions pooled into one dataset. To investigate if results vary with dataset size, the prediction is repeated using small and medium dataset sizes. Results The clustering analysis identified three distinct groups that are almost equally spread across interventions and are instead characterized by different activity levels. In eight out of nine settings investigated, pooling the data improves prediction results compared to models trained on a single intervention dataset. It is further confirmed that models trained on small datasets are more likely to overestimate prediction results. Conclusion The study reveals similar patterns of patients with depression, social anxiety, and panic disorder regarding online activity and intervention dropout. As such, this work offers pooling different interventions' data as a possible approach to counter the problem of small dataset sizes in psychological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Zantvoort
- Institute of Information Systems, Leuphana University, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Nils Hentati Isacsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Burkhardt Funk
- Institute of Information Systems, Leuphana University, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Kaldo
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
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Alexander L, Yang C, Hugo H, Maria H, Stefan J, Åke L, Martin S, Staffan T, Cheng-Ting T, Jeanette W, Johan J. Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Individuals Living with Diabetes During the Second Wave of COVID-19. DIABETES EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 13:100194. [PMID: 38463606 PMCID: PMC10923605 DOI: 10.1016/j.deman.2023.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Aims The objective was to compare anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL) in individuals living with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes with matched controls during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Via randomization, individuals living with diabetes T1D (n= 203) and T2D (n=413), were identified during February-July 2021 through health-care registers. Population controls (n=282) were matched for age, gender, and residential area. Questionnaires included self-assessment of anxiety, depression, QoL, and demographics in relation to SARS-CoV-2 exposure.Blood was collected through home-capillary sampling, and SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (NCP) and Spike antibodies (SC2_S1) were determined by multiplex Antibody Detection by Agglutination-PCR (ADAP) assays. Results Younger age and health issues were related to anxiety, depression, and QoL, with no differences between the study groups. Female gender was associated with anxiety, while obesity was associated with lower QoL.The SARS-CoV-2 NCP seroprevalence was higher in T1D (8.9%) compared to T2D (3.9%) and controls (4.0%), while the SARS-CoV-2 SC2_S1 seroprevalence was higher for controls (25.5%) compared to T1D (16.8%) and T2D (14.0%). Conclusions A higher SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in T1D may be explained by younger age and higher employment rate, and the associated increased risk for viral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lind Alexander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Cao Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hesser Hugo
- School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Center for Health and Medical Psychology, Örebro University, Sweden
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hårdstedt Maria
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden
- Vansbro Primary Health Care Center, Vansbro, Sweden
| | - Jansson Stefan
- School of Medical Sciences, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lernmark Åke
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Sundqvist Martin
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Tevell Staffan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karlstad Hospital and Centre for Clinical Research and Education, Region Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden
| | | | - Wahlberg Jeanette
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Jendle Johan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden
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11
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Karlsson-Good M, Kaldo V, Lundberg L, Kraepelien M, Anthony SA, Holländare F. Increasing the accessibility to internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: A single-blind randomized controlled trial of condensed versus full-text versions. Internet Interv 2023; 34:100678. [PMID: 37840646 PMCID: PMC10570001 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research shows that internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) is an effective treatment for depression. However, little is known about how the length of the text material in iCBT affects outcomes. Objective The aim of this study was to test whether a condensed iCBT version for depression would be non-inferior to the existing full-text version in reducing depressive symptoms at post-treatment. We also wanted to test non-inferiority for secondary outcomes and explore reading speed and ADHD symptoms as potential moderators. Method A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted (N = 267) comparing two versions of guided iCBT for depression; full-text (around 60,000 words) and condensed (around 30,000 words, with the option to listen to the text). Estimated between-group effect sizes and their confidence intervals for depression, anxiety and quality of life, were compared to a pre-determined non-inferiority margin (ES = 0.4). Moderation analyses of reading speed and ADHD symptoms were conducted. Results The condensed version of iCBT was non-inferior to the full-text version on post-treatment measures for depressive symptoms (95 % CI = -0.42-0.24), anxiety symptoms (95 % CI = -0.24-0.32), and quality of life (95 % CI = -0.09-0.49). Non-inferiority was inconclusive for depressive symptoms at the one-year follow-up (95 % CI = -0.60-0.47). There was no significant moderation effects of reading speed (p = 0.06) or ADHD symptoms (p = 0.11) on depressive symptoms. Conclusion These results indicate that a condensed version of iCBT for depression is as effective at treating depression as the full-text version. By shortening texts, iCBT may be made available to more people. Due to unequal dropout rates between the groups, these results are preliminary and need to be replicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Karlsson-Good
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Viktor Kaldo
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Kraepelien
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Susanne A. Anthony
- Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Holländare
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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12
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Buhrman M, Tillfors M, Holländare F, Lekström E, Håkansson A, Boersma K. Psychological Treatment Targeting Acceptance and Compassion in Patients With Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled, Internet-delivered, Treatment Trial. Clin J Pain 2023; 39:672-685. [PMID: 37712248 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic pain is often associated with lower function. Self-criticism is associated with depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to explore if fusing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and compassion-focused therapy could improve psychological well-being and disability in individuals with chronic pain with high levels of self-criticism in comparison to a wait-list control group. METHODS Individuals with chronic pain (n=71) were randomly assigned to an 8-week internet-based intervention focused on acceptance and compassion or a wait-list condition. Primary treatment outcomes were the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, and Pain Disability Index. Secondary outcomes were the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Quality of Life Inventory, Multidimensional Pain Inventory, and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire. RESULTS Missing data at postintervention were 22.5%. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted using linear mixed models. The results revealed greater levels of acceptance and self-compassion for the treatment group, which were primary outcomes, with effect sizes ranging from small to large, and these results were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The rates of clinically significant improvements were also greater for the treatment group in comparison to the wait-list control group on acceptance and compassion. The treatment group also improved in the third primary outcome, pain disability. Significant differences were found in several of the secondary outcomes, in favor of the treatment group. DISCUSSION Internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with compassion-focused therapy components shows promise as a viable treatment option in the management of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tillfors
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Section of Psychology, Karlstad University, Karlstad
| | | | | | | | - Katja Boersma
- School of Medical Sciences
- Center for Health and Medical Psychology, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Baker FA, Pac Soo V, Bloska J, Blauth L, Bukowska AA, Flynn L, Hsu MH, Janus E, Johansson K, Kvamme T, Lautenschlager N, Miller H, Pool J, Smrokowska-Reichmann A, Stensæth K, Teggelove K, Warnke S, Wosch T, Odell-Miller H, Lamb K, Braat S, Sousa TV, Tamplin J. Home-based family caregiver-delivered music and reading interventions for people living with dementia (HOMESIDE trial): an international randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 65:102224. [PMID: 38106552 PMCID: PMC10725050 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Music interventions provided by qualified therapists within residential aged care are effective at attenuating behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD) of people with dementia (PwD). The impact of music interventions on dementia symptom management when provided by family caregivers is unclear. Methods We implemented a community-based, large, pragmatic, international, superiority, single-masked randomised controlled trial to evaluate if caregiver-delivered music was superior to usual care alone (UC) on reducing BPSD of PwD measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q). The study included an active control (reading). People with dementia (NPI-Q score ≥6) and their caregiver (dyads) from one of five countries were randomly allocated to caregiver-delivered music, reading, or UC with a 1:1:1 allocation stratified by site. Caregivers received three online protocolised music or reading training sessions delivered by therapists and were recommended to provide five 30-min reading or music activities per week (minimum twice weekly) over 90-days. The NPI-Q severity assessment of PwD was completed online by masked assessors at baseline, 90- (primary) and 180-days post-randomisation and analysed on an intention-to-treat basis using a likelihood-based longitudinal data analysis model. ACTRN12618001799246; ClinicalTrials.govNCT03907748. Findings Between 27th November 2019 and 7th July 2022, we randomised 432 eligible of 805 screened dyads (music n = 143, reading n = 144, UC n = 145). There was no statistical or clinically important difference in the change from baseline BPSD between caregiver-delivered music (-0.15, 95% CI -1.41 to 1.10, p = 0.81) or reading (-1.12, 95% CI -2.38 to 0.14, p = 0.082) and UC alone at 90-days. No related adverse events occurred. Interpretation Our findings suggested that music interventions and reading interventions delivered by trained caregivers in community contexts do not decrease enduring BPSD symptoms. Funding Our funding was provided by National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia; The Research Council of Norway; Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany; National Centre for Research and Development, Poland; Alzheimer's Society, UK, as part of the Joint Programme for Neurodegenerative Diseases consortia scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Anne Baker
- Creative Arts and Music Therapy Research Unit, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, Norway
| | - Vanessa Pac Soo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- MISCH (Methods and Implementation Support for Clinical Health) Research Hub, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jodie Bloska
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Blauth
- Institute for Applied Social Sciences, Music Therapy Lab, Technical University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Anna A. Bukowska
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland
| | - Libby Flynn
- Creative Arts and Music Therapy Research Unit, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ming Hung Hsu
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, United Kingdom
| | - Edyta Janus
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland
| | - Kjersti Johansson
- Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, Norway
| | - Tone Kvamme
- Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, Norway
| | - Nicola Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- North Western Mental Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayley Miller
- Creative Arts and Music Therapy Research Unit, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan Pool
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karette Stensæth
- Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, Norway
| | - Kate Teggelove
- Creative Arts and Music Therapy Research Unit, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sven Warnke
- Institute for Applied Social Sciences, Music Therapy Lab, Technical University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Wosch
- Institute for Applied Social Sciences, Music Therapy Lab, Technical University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Helen Odell-Miller
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Lamb
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- MISCH (Methods and Implementation Support for Clinical Health) Research Hub, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sabine Braat
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- MISCH (Methods and Implementation Support for Clinical Health) Research Hub, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tanara Vieira Sousa
- Creative Arts and Music Therapy Research Unit, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeanette Tamplin
- Creative Arts and Music Therapy Research Unit, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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Olofsdotter Lauri K, Aspvall K, Mataix-Cols D, Serlachius E, Rück C, Andersson E. An online self-guided cognitive intervention for unwanted intrusive thoughts about harming infants in new parents: initial randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis. Cogn Behav Ther 2023; 52:585-602. [PMID: 37395079 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2023.2229015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Approximately one-fifth of new parents struggle with unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs) about intentionally harming their child. This study evaluated the initial efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of a novel online self-guided cognitive intervention for new parents with distressing UITs. Self-recruited parents (N = 43, 93% female, age 23-43 years) of children 0-3 years reporting daily distressing and impairing UITs were randomized to the 8-week self-guided online cognitive intervention or to waiting-list. The primary outcome was change on the Parental Thoughts and Behaviour Checklist (PTBC) from baseline to week 8 (post-intervention). The PTBC and negative appraisals (mediator) were assessed at baseline, weekly, post-intervention and at the 1-month follow-up. Results showed that the intervention led to statistically significant reductions in distress and impairment associated with UITs at post-intervention (controlled between-group d = 0.99, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.43), which were maintained at the 1-month follow-up (controlled between-group d = 0.90, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.39). The intervention was deemed to be feasible and acceptable by the participants. Change in negative appraisals mediated reductions in UITs but the model was sensitive to mediator-outcome confounders. We conclude that this novel online self-guided cognitive intervention can potentially reduce the distress and impairment associated with UITs in new parents. Large-scale trials are warranted.Abbreviations: UITs: Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts PTBC: Parental Thoughts and Behaviour Checklist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Olofsdotter Lauri
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Aspvall
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Serlachius
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Rück
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Andersson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Andersch-Björkman Y, Micu E, Seifert O, Lonne-Rahm SB, Gillstedt M, Osmancevic A. Effects of brodalumab on psoriasis and depressive symptoms in patients with insufficient response to TNF-α inhibitors. J Dermatol 2023; 50:1401-1414. [PMID: 37650150 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate emotions of depression and anxiety in psoriatic patients that due to insufficient response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition (TNF-α), underwent a treatment switch from TNF-α to interleukin 17 inhibition using brodalumab. The Self-rated Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to assess depression and anxiety. A total of 20 patients with psoriasis were enrolled in the study. They were monitored for a period of 3 months following the transition to brodalumab treatment. The results showed a significant improvement in both the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index as well as symptoms of depression; anxiety symptoms showed a reduction, though not statistically significant. Perhaps of more interest, the positive effects on depression and anxiety seem to be independent of the reduction in skin related psoriatic lesions. These findings highlight the importance of addressing depressive and anxiety symptoms, together with psoriasis severity and quality of life, when managing patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Andersch-Björkman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emanuela Micu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology in Östergötland, Vrinnevihospital, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Oliver Seifert
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Gillstedt
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amra Osmancevic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Käll A, Olsson Lynch C, Sundling K, Furmark T, Carlbring P, Andersson G. Scheduled Support Versus Support on Demand in Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2023; 5:e11379. [PMID: 38356895 PMCID: PMC10863636 DOI: 10.32872/cpe.11379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Clinician-supported internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) can be an effective treatment option when treating social anxiety disorder (SAD). Unguided ICBT is often found to be less effective. One possible solution to reduce the costs of clinician support is to provide support on demand. In this format of guidance, participants have the option to contact their clinician if needed. In a few studies, this mode of support has been compared favorably to scheduled support. Method Participants in a previously reported controlled trial on SAD who had been in a waitlist control group were randomly allocated to ICBT with either on-demand guidance or scheduled weekly therapist guidance. A total of 99 participants were included. Data were collected weekly on the primary outcome measure, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale self-report (LSAS-SR), and at pre- and post-treatment for secondary measures. Data were analyzed in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle using mixed-effects models. Results Both groups improved significantly during the treatment according to the LSAS-SR ratings. The groups did not differ in their estimated change during the treatment period, with a between-group effect of d = 0.02, 95% CI [-0.37, 0.43]. Both groups experienced similar improvement also on the secondary outcome measures, with small between-group effect sizes on all outcomes. Conclusions The findings indicate that support on demand can be an effective way of providing guidance in ICBT for SAD, although more research on this topic is needed. A limitation of the study is that it was conducted in 2009, and the findings were in the file drawer. Subsequent published studies support our initial findings, but more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Käll
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Kajsa Sundling
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Furmark
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Carlbring
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Igelström H, Carlsson M, Hauffman A, von Essen L, Grönqvist H, Johansson B, Olsson EM. Long-term effects on depression and anxiety of an internet-based stepped care intervention for patients with cancer and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The U-CARE AdultCan trial. Internet Interv 2023; 32:100625. [PMID: 37273929 PMCID: PMC10235429 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a serious disease that commonly causes significant psychological distress. The internet-based intervention (iCAN-DO), utilizing a stepped care approach for the treatment of anxiety and depression in individuals with cancer, has been shown to have favorable results for symptoms of depression at the primary endpoint, 10 months after randomization compared to standard care (SC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of the intervention 18 and 24 months after randomization. Methods Patients with breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer and a score > 7 on either of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) subscales (n = 245) were recruited to the study in conjunction with a regular hospital visit. They were randomized to access to the stepwise iCAN-DO intervention for 24 months or to SC. Step 1 of the intervention comprised psycho-educative online material. In Step 2, internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy with individual online support from a therapist was added. Step 2 was offered to those who reported persistent anxiety or depression symptoms (>7 on HADS), also at 1, 4, and/or 7 months after randomization. Missing data were imputed using the last rank carried forward method and used for the main analyses according to the intention-to-treat approach. Effects sizes (Cohen's d), and minimally clinically important difference (MCID) were calculated. Linear mixed models were used to analyze intervention effects over time. Results Symptoms of depression decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the iCAN-DO group compared with the SC group from baseline to 18 months (d = 0.29), but not to 24 months (d = 0.27). Even though the average iCAN-DO group participant surpassed a MCID in symptoms of anxiety (>2 p) at both long-term follow-ups, the differences did not reach statistical significance, either at 18 months (p = 0.10) or 24 months (p = 0.09). Positive effects of iCAN-DO compared with the SC were also shown for some secondary HRQoL-outcomes; social functioning at 18 months (p = 0.02) and 24 months (p = 0.001), and sleep problems at 24 months (p = 0.01). Conclusion A stepped-care internet-based intervention that has previously shown positive results for symptoms of depression at 10 months did show similar positive long-term effects also at 18 months. For symptoms of anxiety, no effect could be shown. The internet may provide an effective format for interventions to reduce symptoms of depression after cancer at patients' own choice of time, regardless of distance to a psycho-oncology clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Igelström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Carlsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Hauffman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Entrance 78, 1st floor, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Louise von Essen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Grönqvist
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik M.G. Olsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Kiwanuka O, Lassarén P, Thelin EP, Hånell A, Sandblom G, Fagerdahl A, Boström L. Long-term health-related quality of life after trauma with and without traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2986. [PMID: 36805021 PMCID: PMC9941121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To purpose was to assess and compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and risk of depression two years after trauma, between patients with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a mixed Swedish trauma cohort. In this prospective cohort study, TBI and non-TBI trauma patients included in the Swedish Trauma registry 2019 at a level II trauma center in Stockholm, Sweden, were contacted two years after admission. HRQoL was assessed with RAND-36 and EQ-5D-3L, and depression with Montgomery Åsberg depression Rating Scale self-report (MADRS-S). Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) head was used to grade TBI severity, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was used to assess comorbidities. Data were compared using Chi-squared test, Mann Whitney U test and ordered logistic regression, and Bonferroni correction was applied. A total of 170 of 737 eligible patients were included. TBI was associated with higher scores in 5/8 domains of RAND-36 and 3/5 domains of EQ-5D (p < 0.05). No significant difference in MADRS-S. An AIS (head) of three or higher was associated with lower scores in five domains of RAND-36 and two domains of EQ-5D but not for MADRS-S. An ASA-score of three was associated with lower scores in all domains of both RAND-36 (p < 0.05, except mental health) and EQ-5D (p < 0.001, except anxiety/depression), but not for MADRS-S. In conclusion, patients without TBI reported a lower HRQoL than TBI patients two years after trauma. TBI severity assessed according to AIS (head) was associated with HRQoL, and ASA-score was found to be a predictor of HRQoL, emphasizing the importance of considering pre-injury health status when assessing outcomes in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Kiwanuka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Philipp Lassarén
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric P. Thelin
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hånell
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Sandblom
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ami Fagerdahl
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Boström
- grid.416648.90000 0000 8986 2221Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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The Bidirectional Relationship between Gestational Diabetes and Depression in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Search and Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030404. [PMID: 36766979 PMCID: PMC9914262 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic search and review aims to understand the two-way relationship between gestational diabetes and depression. This study assesses gestational diabetes in relation to a history of depression, depression during pregnancy and postpartum depression. Searches were conducted on PubMed and Scopus. Studies were excluded due to being duplicates, not available, published before 2015 or did not include both gestational diabetes and depression. Of the 915 articles initially identified, 22 articles were included for review. Of the included studies, 18 were cohorts, 2 were case-controls, 1 was cross-sectional and 1 was a claims analysis. A meta-ethnography was conducted, and a bidirectional relationship was observed between a history of depression, depression during pregnancy, postpartum depression and gestational diabetes. Differing methodologies between studies were a limiting factor throughout this review. A two-way relationship between gestational diabetes and depression was observed; the diagnosis of gestational diabetes may lead to an increased risk of depression, both during the pregnancy and in the postpartum period, and a history of depression or symptoms of depression during pregnancy may lead to an increased risk of gestational diabetes.
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Karlsson B, Nyberg F, Svärdsudd K, Burell G, Björkegren K, Kristiansson P. Neuropeptide Y and measures of stress in a longitudinal study of women with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Scand J Pain 2023; 23:59-65. [PMID: 35728621 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuropeptide Y is associated with stress in animal and human laboratory studies. However, data from clinical studies are scarce and no clinical longitudinal studies have been published. The aim of this clinical study was to assess the possible association between changes in the levels of pain, depression, and stress measures, on the one hand, and plasma neuropeptide Y levels, on the other. METHODS Forty-four women with the fibromyalgia syndrome were exposed to a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention. Levels of the plasma neuropeptide Y as well as pain, depression, and stress measures were obtained at the start and at the end of the intervention, and after a further six month follow-up. Based on these data, a before-and-after analysis was performed. RESULTS Almost all measures of pain, depression, and stress improved during the study; specifically, variables measuring life control (coping), depression, and stress-related time urgency improved significantly. Moreover, during the same time period, the mean plasma neuropeptide Y level was reduced from 93.2 ± 38.8 fmol/mL before the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to 75.6 ± 42.9 fmol/mL (p<0.001) at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS After exposure to a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention, levels of most of the pain, depression, and stress measures improved, half of them significantly, as did the levels of neuropeptide Y. This circumstance indicates a possible functional relationship between pain-depression-stress and neuropeptide Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Karlsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fred Nyberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kurt Svärdsudd
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Burell
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Björkegren
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Kristiansson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Soodla HL, Akkermann K. Bottom-up transdiagnostic personality subtypes are associated with state psychopathology: A latent profile analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1043394. [PMID: 36895730 PMCID: PMC9990091 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1043394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Personality-based profiling helps elucidate associations between psychopathology symptoms and address shortcomings of current nosologies. The objective of this study was to bracket the assumption of a priori diagnostic class borders and apply the profiling approach to a transdiagnostic sample. Profiles resembling high-functioning, undercontrolled, and overcontrolled phenotypes were expected to emerge. Methods We used latent profile analysis on data from a sample of women with mental disorders (n = 313) and healthy controls (n = 114). 3-5 profile solutions were compared based on impulsivity, perfectionism, anxiety, stress susceptibility, mistrust, detachment, irritability, and embitterment. The best-fitting solution was then related to measures of depression, state anxiety, disordered eating, and emotion regulation difficulties to establish clinical significance. Results A 5-profile solution proved best-fitting. Extracted profiles included a high-functioning, a well-adapted, an impulsive and interpersonally dysregulated, an anxious and perfectionistic, and an emotionally and behaviorally dysregulated class. Significant differences were found in all outcome state measures, with the emotionally and behaviorally dysregulated class exhibiting the most severe psychopathology. Discussion These results serve as preliminary evidence of the predictive nature and clinical utility of personality-based profiles. Selected personality traits should be considered in case formulation and treatment planning. Further research is warranted to replicate the profiles and assess classification stability and profiles' association with treatment outcome longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helo Liis Soodla
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre for Cognitive and Behavioural Therapy, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kirsti Akkermann
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre for Cognitive and Behavioural Therapy, Tartu, Estonia
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22
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Samalin L, Rothärmel M, Mekaoui L, Gaudré-Wattinne E, Codet MA, Bouju S, Sauvaget A. Esketamine nasal spray in patients with treatment-resistant depression: the real-world experience in the French cohort early-access programme. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022; 26:352-362. [PMID: 35174754 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the first real-world data of patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) treated with esketamine through a French cohort Temporary Authorisation for Use (ATUc) programme. METHODS In 2019, the French Health Authorities exceptionally granted the first ATUc in psychiatry for TRD patients. Clinical characteristics, safety and efficacy data were reported by physicians. The ATUc ended ∼6 months after initiation. RESULTS The cohort (n = 66; median age 53.0 years; 62.1% female; 78.8% with severe major depressive episodes; resistance to a mean of 4.2 previous antidepressants) received esketamine treatment for a median of 30 days. Among 46 analysed patients, 22 (47.8%) achieved response (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] total score reduction ≥50.0%) and 17 (37.0%) achieved remission (MADRS total score of ≤12) at least once at a median of 18.5 (2.0-77.0) and 21.0 (2.0-46.0) days after initiation, respectively. By Week 4, patients had a 31.6% probability of achieving remission (Kaplan-Meier method). Sedation, somnolence, dizziness, hypertension, anxiety and dissociation were the most frequently reported (>10.0%) adverse events. No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSIONS Patient characteristics of this cohort demonstrate high-level treatment resistance. The safety and efficacy of esketamine in patients with TRD in real-world clinical practice were consistent with Phase 3 trials.Key pointsPatients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) exceptionally received esketamine nasal spray ahead of its launch through a French cohort Temporary Authorisation for Use (ATUc) programme.The clinical characteristics of 66 adult patients with TRD included in this cohort demonstrated a high-level of resistance to conventional treatments at the time of treatment request prior to esketamine initiation.No new safety signals were observed with esketamine initiation during the ATUc period compared with the Phase 3 clinical trials.The safety and efficacy of esketamine in the real world remain consistent with that established in Phase 3 clinical trials.The data collected during this ATUc also provide the first real-world data on the management and practical use of esketamine in a hospital setting in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Samalin
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal (UMR 6602), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maud Rothärmel
- University Department of Psychiatry, Therapeutic Centre of Excellence, Institute of Psychiatry - Rouvray Hospital Centre, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | - Lila Mekaoui
- Mental and Brain Illness Clinic, Sainte-Anne Hospital, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Bouju
- Medical Affairs, Janssen-Cilag, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Anne Sauvaget
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Movement, Interactions, Performance (MIP), EA 4334, Nantes, France
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Olofsdotter Lauri K, Aspvall K, Bagøien Hustad I, Malmqvist K, Serlachius E, Mataix‐Cols D, Rück C, Ivanov V, Andersson E. Initial evaluation of a therapist-supported online cognitive therapy self-help for patients with taboo obsessions. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 61:964-982. [PMID: 35429005 PMCID: PMC9790335 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study evaluated the feasibility of an internet-delivered cognitive therapy (I-CT) in a self-help format with minimal therapist support for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with primary taboo obsessions. Specifically, the aims were to investigate (1) whether participants were able to grasp and apply the internet-delivered cognitive framework to their own situation; (2) whether they had clinically meaningful reductions of OCD symptom severity; and (3) whether reduced negative appraisals (hypothesized mechanism of change in CT) preceded reductions in OCD symptom severity. METHOD Nineteen OCD patients with primary taboo obsessions, recruited from an OCD clinic or self-referrals, received the I-CT intervention for 10 weeks. I-CT did not contain any systematic exposure or response prevention. RESULTS Adherence and engagement with the intervention was high. Most participants (n = 13, 68%) understood and successfully applied the cognitive model to their own situation. Within-group analyses showed large reductions in OCD symptom severity at post-treatment (bootstrapped within group d = 1.67 [95% CI; 0.67 to 2.66]) measured with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. The gains were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the large reductions in OCD symptom severity were driven by the participants who understood the cognitive model. Reductions in negative appraisals predicted subsequent reductions in OCD symptom severity during treatment. CONCLUSION It is possible to adapt a purely cognitive intervention to a digital guided self-help format and to achieve both cognitive change and meaningful symptom reduction. The results require confirmation in a randomized clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Olofsdotter Lauri
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of PsychologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Kristina Aspvall
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of PsychologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
| | | | - Karin Malmqvist
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Eva Serlachius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of PsychologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - David Mataix‐Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of PsychologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Christian Rück
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Volen Ivanov
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of PsychologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Stockholm Health Care Services, Region StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Erik Andersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of PsychologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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24
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Altmann HM, Kazan J, Gebara MA, Blumberger DM, Karp JF, Lenze EJ, Mulsant BH, Reynolds CF, Stahl ST. Predicting Medication Nonadherence in Older Adults With Difficult-to-Treat Depression in the IRL-GRey Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 30:994-1002. [PMID: 35393165 PMCID: PMC9356982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonadherence to antidepressants interferes with optimal treatment of late-life depression. This analysis examines clinical and treatment factors predicting medication nonadherence in difficult-to-treat late-life depression. METHODS Secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial of antidepressant pharmacotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder in 468 adults aged 60+ years. All participants received venlafaxine XR for 12 weeks. Nonremitters were randomized to augmentation with either aripiprazole or placebo for 12 additional weeks. Medication adherence was assessed 14 times over 24 weeks. The analyses examined sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment factors that may predict antidepressant nonadherence during early (weeks 1-6), late (weeks 7-12), and augmentation (weeks 13--24) treatment. RESULTS Poor cognitive function and early response were predictive of early nonadherence. Poor cognitive function and prior nonadherence were predictive of late nonadherence. Living alone was associated with nonadherence both late and during augmentation treatment. CONCLUSION Future studies should consider the role of early response and cognitive function to improve antidepressant adherence, particularly among older adults who live alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene M Altmann
- Department of Psychiatry (HMA, JK, MAG, CFR, STS), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph Kazan
- Department of Psychiatry (HMA, JK, MAG, CFR, STS), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Marie Anne Gebara
- Department of Psychiatry (HMA, JK, MAG, CFR, STS), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry (DMB, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan F Karp
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine (JFK), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Eric J Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry (EJL), Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry (DMB, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles F Reynolds
- Department of Psychiatry (HMA, JK, MAG, CFR, STS), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sarah T Stahl
- Department of Psychiatry (HMA, JK, MAG, CFR, STS), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
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25
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Wallén H, Ljótsson B, Svanborg C, Rydh S, Falk L, Lindfors P. Exposure based cognitive behavioral group therapy for IBS at a gastroenterological clinic - a clinical effectiveness study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:904-911. [PMID: 35260030 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2047220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may benefit from psychological treatment when diet changes and medications do not sufficiently reduce symptoms. Our research team has developed an exposure based cognitive behavioral therapy protocol (ECBT), which has been shown to be effective in several randomized controlled trials. AIM To investigate the effectiveness of ECBT in clinical routine care at a gastroenterological clinic in Stockholm and to find predictors for treatment outcome. METHOD A ten session ECBT based on our protocol was given face to face by licensed psychologists in groups of 4-6 patients. A total of 129 patients provided information regarding IBS symptoms, quality of life, gastrointestinal symptom-specific anxiety (GSA), and depression pre and post-treatment. We used linear regression analyses to identify patient characteristics that predicted treatment outcome. RESULTS The primary outcome was symptom severity measured with The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale for IBS (GSRS-IBS). Average pre-and post-treatment GSRS-IBS scores were 49.24 (SD = 11.54) and 37.03 (SD = 10.03), corresponding to a 34.0% reduction in symptom severity (p < .001). Reductions were also found in GSA, 43.9% (p < .001) and depression, 38.6% (p < .001). IBS-related quality of life was on average increased by 68.2% (p < .001). The effect sizes were large and varied between (Cohen's d) 0.95 and 1.84. None of the patients' pre-treatment characteristics predicted outcome. CONCLUSION We conclude that ECBT for IBS delivered face-to-face in a group-format is very effective, also in a routine care setting. We did not find any reliable predictors for treatment outcome. The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov with ID: NCT04756414.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Wallén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brjánn Ljótsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svanborg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Rydh
- Aleris Gastromottagningen City, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Falk
- Aleris Gastromottagningen City, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Perjohan Lindfors
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Aleris Gastromottagningen City, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
The deployment of machine learning for tasks relevant to complementing standard of care and advancing tools for precision health has gained much attention in the clinical community, thus meriting further investigations into its broader use. In an introduction to predictive modelling using machine learning, we conducted a review of the recent literature that explains standard taxonomies, terminology and central concepts to a broad clinical readership. Articles aimed at readers with little or no prior experience of commonly used methods or typical workflows were summarised and key references are highlighted. Continual interdisciplinary developments in data science, biostatistics and epidemiology also motivated us to further discuss emerging topics in predictive and data-driven (hypothesis-less) analytics with machine learning. Through two methodological deep dives using examples from precision psychiatry and outcome prediction after lymphoma, we highlight how the use of, for example, natural language processing can outperform established clinical risk scores and aid dynamic prediction and adaptive care strategies. Such realistic and detailed examples allow for critical analysis of the importance of new technological advances in artificial intelligence for clinical decision-making. New clinical decision support systems can assist in prevention and care by leveraging precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Eloranta
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Boman
- Division of Software and Computer Systems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Learning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Sienaert P, Brus O, Lambrichts S, Lundberg J, Nordanskog P, Obbels J, Verspecht S, Vansteelandt K, Nordenskjöld A. Suicidal ideation and ECT, ECT and suicidal ideation: A register study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2022; 146:74-84. [PMID: 35279825 PMCID: PMC9313798 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is anti-suicidal, it is not known whether the presence of suicidal ideation (SI) at baseline predicts response and remission after ECT. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of baseline SI on response and remission following ECT treatment in a large sample of patients with depression and to assess SI before and after ECT. METHODS This population-based register study used data from the Swedish National Quality Register for ECT and the Swedish Patient Register. Patients aged 18 years or older who had received ECT for a unipolar or bipolar depressive episode between 2011 and 2018 were included in the study. SI was defined as a score of ≥4 on the last item of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale - Self Assessment (MADRS-S). Using a logistic regression model, SI at baseline was used to predict response and remission following ECT, while controlling for depression severity, psychotic symptoms, presence of a comorbid personality disorder, age, sex, electrode position, unipolar or bipolar disorder, and number of previous suicide attempts at baseline. RESULTS In patients who exhibited SI at baseline, 53.7% (N = 632) of cases showed a response to ECT, whereas 68.4% (N = 690) of patients without SI showed a response. In addition, 27.2% (N = 320) of cases with SI achieved remission, whereas 48.5% (N = 489) of cases without SI achieved remission. The odds of achieving response and remission for patients with SI were 0.75 and 0.58 times, respectively, those for patients without SI. Of the 1178 patients with pre-treatment SI, 75.64% (N = 891) exhibited no SI at the end of treatment. Moreover, in this subgroup, the presence of a personality disorder, higher MADRS-S-score, and younger age were associated with persistent SI. CONCLUSION The presence of SI was associated with lower ECT response and remission rates. Nevertheless, depressive symptoms and SI were reduced in a large proportion of patients across both patient groups. Clinicians should be aware of the lower likelihood of achieving a successful outcome following ECT in younger patients who present with a non-psychotic depressive episode, SI, and (suspected) personality disorders. More research is warranted regarding if these patients can achieve similar or better results with other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Sienaert
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity Psychiatric Center KU Leuven and Research Group PsychiatryAcademic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ole Brus
- Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsFaculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Simon Lambrichts
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity Psychiatric Center KU Leuven and Research Group PsychiatryAcademic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceCenter for Psychiatry ResearchKarolinska Institute and Stockholm County CouncilSweden
| | - Pia Nordanskog
- Center for Social and Affective NeuroscienceDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesLinköping University and Department of PsychiatryRegion ÖstergötlandSweden
| | - Jasmien Obbels
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity Psychiatric Center KU Leuven and Research Group PsychiatryAcademic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Shauni Verspecht
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity Psychiatric Center KU Leuven and Research Group PsychiatryAcademic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Kristof Vansteelandt
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity Psychiatric Center KU Leuven and Research Group PsychiatryAcademic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Axel Nordenskjöld
- University Health Care Research CentreFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
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28
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Forsell E, Jernelöv S, Blom K, Kaldo V. Clinically sufficient classification accuracy and key predictors of treatment failure in a randomized controlled trial of Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia. Internet Interv 2022; 29:100554. [PMID: 35799973 PMCID: PMC9253627 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Adaptive Treatment Strategies, each patient's outcome is predicted early in treatment, and treatment is adapted for those at risk of failure. It is unclear what minimum accuracy is needed for a classifier to be clinically useful. This study aimed to establish a empirically supported benchmark accuracy for an Adaptive Treatment Strategy and explore the relative value of input predictors. METHOD Predictions from 200 patients receiving Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy in an RCT was analyzed. Correlation and logistic regression was used to explore all included predictors and the predictive capacity of different models. RESULTS The classifier had a Balanced accuracy of 67 %. Eleven out of the 21 predictors correlated significantly with Failure. A model using all predictors explained 56 % of the outcome variance, and simpler models between 16 and 47 %. Important predictors were patient rated stress, treatment credibility, depression change, and insomnia symptoms at week 3 as well as clinician rated attitudes towards homework and sleep medication. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy (67 %) found in this study sets a minimum benchmark for when prediction accuracy could be clinically useful. Key predictive factors were mainly related to insomnia, depression or treatment involvement. Simpler predictive models showed some promise and should be developed further, possibly using machine learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Forsell
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Sweden,Corresponding author at: Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, M58, Huddinge Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Jernelöv
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Sweden,Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Blom
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Sweden
| | - Viktor Kaldo
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Sweden,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
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29
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Martinotti G, Pettorruso M, Montemitro C, Spagnolo PA, Acuti Martellucci C, Di Carlo F, Fanella F, di Giannantonio M. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-seeking subjects with cocaine use disorder: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 116:110513. [PMID: 35074451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder with no approved treatments. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promising results in open label and single-blind studies, reducing cocaine craving and consumption. Although, large randomized, double-blind, controlled trials are still missing. OBJECTIVE This multi-center, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of multiple sessions of active rTMS compared to sham stimulation in patients with CUD. METHODS rTMS (15 Hz, 2 daily sessions for 5 days/week,for a total of 20 stimulation sessions) was delivered over the left DLPFC for two weeks of continuous treatment followed by 12 weeks of maintenance (1 day/week, twice a day), in a double-blind, randomized sham-controlled design. Our primary outcomes included self-reported cue-induced craving and cocaine consumption, as measured by percentage of negative urine tests. Our secondary outcomes included: 1) changes in depressive symptoms; 2) changes in cocaine withdrawal symptoms; and 3) changes in self-reported days of cocaine use. RESULTS Forty-two outpatients with CUD were enrolled in the active rTMS group and 38 patients in the sham group. We observed a significant decrease in self-reported cue-induced cocaine craving and consumption in both the active rTMS and sham, whereas no main effect of treatment was found. However, the active rTMS group showed greater changes in depressive symptoms. The improvement on depressive symptomatology was particularly marked among patients receiving a total number of rTMS sessions greater than 40 and those reporting more severe depressive symptoms at baseline. CONCLUSIONS A significant improvement of CUD symptoms during active rTMS treatment was observed. However, we did not observe significant differences in cocaine craving and consumption between treatment groups, highlighting the complexity of factors contributing to CUD maintenance. A significant improvement in depressive symptoms was observed in favour of the active group. Clinical trial registration details:clinicaltrials.govidentifierNCT03333460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK; SRP Villa Maria Pia, Mental Health and Addiction Inpatient Unit, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Chiara Montemitro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; National Institute of Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Primavera Alessandra Spagnolo
- National Institute of Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Francesco Di Carlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Massimo di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
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Gasslander N, Andersson G, Boström F, Brandelius L, Pelling L, Hamrin L, Gordh T, Buhrman M. Tailored internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals with chronic pain and comorbid psychological distress: a randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther 2022; 51:408-434. [PMID: 35533363 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2022.2065528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Comorbid psychological problems are commonly related to chronic pain but addressing heterogeneous comorbidities in traditional settings is often difficult. Delivering individually tailored treatment using the internet could be a viable alternative. The present study investigates whether a guided, individually tailored and internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) could improve mood and reduce disability in individuals suffering from chronic pain and comorbid psychological distress.Participants were recruited from a pain clinic and randomized to either ICBT or waiting list. The participants (n = 187) individually tailored treatments included 6-13 modules targeting different types of psychological distress. Modules were designed to be completed weekly, and feedback was provided by clinicians. Participants completed an average of 5.1 (49.7%) modules, with 22.9% completing all assigned modules. Intention-to-treat analyses showed significantly larger improvements in depression, disability, pain acceptance, catastrophizing, and quality of life in the ICBT-group compared to the control group. Between-group effect sizes were very small or small at post for the primary outcomes depression (d = 0.18) and pain interference (d = 0.22). Other effect sizes ranged from very small to small, with the largest effect being improvements in pain acceptance (d = 0.3). All significant changes were stable at 12-month follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Gasslander
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frida Boström
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Brandelius
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lotta Pelling
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Hamrin
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Gordh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Pain Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monica Buhrman
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Campbell EA, Wosch T. Music moves – Ettlingen dementia study: Protocol of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. NORDIC JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2028885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa A. Campbell
- Residential care home, Caritas Ettlingen, Germany
- Vibrac Centre for Vibroacoustic Therapy and Research, Eino Roiha Foundation, Finland
- Institute for Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wosch
- Institute for Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Würzburg, Germany
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Wikman A, Sacher J, Bixo M, Hirschberg AL, Kopp Kallner H, Epperson CN, Comasco E, Sundström Poromaa I. Prevalence and correlates of current suicidal ideation in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:35. [PMID: 35148753 PMCID: PMC8832802 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although previous studies report an association between Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) and suicidal ideation, most studies have only established a provisional and retrospective diagnosis of PMDD fundamentally invalidating the diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and to explore correlates of current suicidal ideation in the late luteal phase in women with prospectively assessed and confirmed PMDD. Methods Participants were 110 women who attended the pre-randomization baseline visit of two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials between January 15, 2017 and October 19, 2019. PMDD was diagnosed prospectively in line with DSM-5 criteria. Current suicidal ideation was measured by the MADRS-S in the late luteal phase. Descriptive statistics were presented and logistic regression analyses were carried out to explore the association between psychosocial and health characteristics and current suicidal ideation, presenting unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Current suicidal ideation was reported by nearly 40% of women with confirmed PMDD (n = 43, 39.1%). Previous psychological treatment for PMDD and higher depressive symptoms in the late luteal phase were positively associated with current suicidal ideation (OR 5.63, 95% CI 1.07–29.49, and OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10–1.25, respectively), whereas higher ratings of self-rated health were associated with lower odds ratios for current suicidal ideation (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99). Conclusions A substantial proportion of women with confirmed PMDD report current suicidal ideation in the late luteal phase. Results point to a need for better awareness and screening of suicidal ideation in women with PMDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wikman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Julia Sacher
- Emotion Neuroimaging (EGG) Lab, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie Bixo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Angelica L Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Kopp Kallner
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inger Sundström Poromaa
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kenter RMF, Lundervold AJ, Nordgreen T. A self-guided Internet-delivered intervention for adults with ADHD: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv 2021; 26:100485. [PMID: 34877262 PMCID: PMC8632851 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood, with an estimated prevalence of 2-3%, is associated with several challenges in daily life functioning. The availability of evidence-based psychological interventions for adults with ADHD is still poor. Interventions delivered over the Internet on smartphones or personal computers may help to increase the availability of effective psychological interventions. The primary aim of this randomized controlled trial is to examine the efficacy of a self-guided Internet-delivered intervention on severity levels of ADHD symptomatology and quality of life. METHODS We aim to include 118 participants with a self-reported ADHD diagnosis in a randomized controlled trial with two arms: 1) self-guided Internet-delivered intervention for coping with ADHD (N = 59); 2) self-guided online psychoeducation (control group, N = 59). After 3 months, the control group will be given access to the intervention. The primary clinical outcomes are inattention and quality of life. Secondary clinical outcomes are hyperactivity, stress and depression. Measures will be obtained at three time points: before (baseline), immediately after (8 weeks) and 3 months after the intervention. Uptake, usage, adherence and satisfaction will be explored. DISCUSSION This RCT will provide valuable information on the clinical effectiveness of an Internet-delivered intervention for adults with ADHD. This study is, to our knowledge, one of the first randomized control trials that investigates the effects of a self-guided Internet-delivered psychological intervention in a fairly large group of adults with ADHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT04726813, January 27, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Maria Francisca Kenter
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Christies gate 12, 5015 Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author.
| | - Astri J. Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tine Nordgreen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsbakken 15, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, Block D, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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Lane V, Lane M, Sturrock A, Rickards H. Understanding Psychiatric Disorders in Idiopathic and Inherited (Monogenic) Forms of Isolated and Combined Dystonia: A Systematic Review. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 33:295-306. [PMID: 34280321 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between idiopathic and inherited (monogenic) forms of isolated and combined dystonia and psychiatric disorders remains unclear. In the present review, the authors aimed to provide increased clarity on this association through a systematic review of all controlled quantitative studies using a structured or semi-structured psychiatric interview to diagnose psychiatric disorders in individuals with these conditions. METHODS Three databases were searched to identify 20 eligible studies, with a total of 1,275 participants fulfilling inclusion criteria. Eligible articles were quality appraised and divided into four sections (idiopathic forms of dystonia [N=11], early-onset torsion dystonia [N=2], gene mutation positive myoclonus dystonia; DYT-SGCE [N=6], and rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism [N=1]). RESULTS For each study, results were grouped into subcategories (overall psychiatric comorbidity, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, substance misuse, and other [personality disorder and cognitive impairment]). For idiopathic dystonia, higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity, including mood and anxiety disorders, were noted when cases were compared with both healthy control subjects and control groups with a medical comorbidity. However, for major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) specifically, no differences were seen between groups. Study subjects with DYT-SGCE appeared to be at higher risk of psychiatric comorbidity, major depressive disorder, OCD, and alcohol dependence than control populations. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity appears to be increased in individuals with idiopathic and inherited (monogenic) forms of isolated and combined dystonia compared with control subjects. This finding is not consistent for all comparisons, and further research is required to understand the nature of these associations and the underlying causative etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lane
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Barberry National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Lane
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Barberry National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Sturrock
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Barberry National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Rickards
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Barberry National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Fernlund A, Jokubkiene L, Sladkevicius P, Valentin L, Sjöström K. Psychological impact of early miscarriage and client satisfaction with treatment: comparison between expectant management and misoprostol treatment in a randomized controlled trial. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 58:757-765. [PMID: 33798287 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the short- and long-term emotional distress (grief, anxiety and depressive symptoms) after early miscarriage and satisfaction with treatment between women randomized to expectant management vs vaginal misoprostol treatment. METHODS This was a preplanned analysis of data collected during a randomized controlled trial comparing expectant management with misoprostol treatment in women with early anembryonic or embryonic miscarriage and vaginal bleeding. If the miscarriage was not complete on day 31 after inclusion, surgical evacuation was recommended. The main outcomes were levels of anxiety and grief, depressive symptoms and client satisfaction with the treatment, which were assessed using the following validated psychometric self-assessment instruments: Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, Form Y), Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S; self-reported version) and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). All women were assessed at four timepoints: on the day of randomization, on the day when the miscarriage was judged to be complete, and at 3 months and 14 months after complete miscarriage. The psychometric and client satisfaction scores were compared between the misoprostol group and the expectant-management group at each assessment. Analysis was performed by the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS Ninety women were randomized to expectant management and 94 to misoprostol treatment. The psychometric and client satisfaction scores were similar in the two treatment groups at all assessment timepoints. At inclusion, 41% (35/86) of the women managed expectantly and 37% (34/92) of those treated with misoprostol had a STAI-state score of > 46 ('high level of anxiety'), and 9% (8/86) and 10% (9/91), respectively, had symptoms of moderate or severe depression (MADRS-S score ≥ 20). In both treatment groups, symptom scores for anxiety and depression were significantly higher at inclusion than after treatment and remained low until 14 months after complete miscarriage. Grief reactions were mild in both groups, with a median PGS score of 40.0 at 3 months and 37.0 at 14 months after complete miscarriage in both treatment groups. Four women treated with misoprostol and two women managed expectantly had a PGS score of > 90 (indicating deep grief) 3 months after complete miscarriage, while one woman managed expectantly had a PGS score of > 90 14 months after complete miscarriage. Women in both treatment groups were satisfied with their management, as indicated by a median CSQ-8 score of > 25 at each assessment. More than 85% of participants in each of the two groups reported that they would recommend the treatment they received to a friend. CONCLUSIONS The psychological response to and recovery after early miscarriage did not differ between women treated with misoprostol and those managed expectantly. Satisfaction with treatment was high in both treatment groups. Our findings support patient involvement when deciding on the management of early miscarriage. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernlund
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Jokubkiene
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Sladkevicius
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Valentin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Sjöström
- Department of Care Sciences, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Givron H, Desseilles M. The role of emotional competencies in predicting medical students' attitudes towards communication skills training. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:2505-2511. [PMID: 33741231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate whether stress, depression and emotional competencies can help to predict medical students' attitudes towards communication skills training (CST). Anxiety and negative attitudes towards CST have been shown to be linked. Conversely, emotional competencies (EC) were associated with positive attitudes. Exploring these psycho(patho)logical variables therefore seems to be a promising approach to better understanding, or even modifying, attitudes towards CST. METHODS 179 third year medical students were asked to complete the Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale Self-assessment (MADRS-S) and the Profile of Emotional Competence (PEC). RESULTS 168 students completed the entire questionnaire. The stepwise regression model first revealed that, taken together, intrapersonal EC "Utilization" and interpersonal EC "Expression" account for 17% of the variance in positive attitudes. Secondly, taken together, intrapersonal EC "Utilization" and interpersonal EC "Expression" account for 16% of the variance in negative attitudes. CONCLUSION The more competent a student is in "Utilization" and "Expression", the more positive attitudes and the less negative attitudes he/she has towards CST. In addition, measuring a large set of bio-psycho-social factors might be a way of capturing more variance in attitudes towards CST. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS In the study of variables influencing attitudes towards CST, emotional competencies cannot be ignored. The context of the medical consultation encourages the discussion of various emotions felt by the patient. As educationalists, we should prepare the student for this by integrating the notion of EC within the CST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Givron
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Transitions Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Martin Desseilles
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Transitions Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Alexien Brothers Psychiatry Clinic, Henri-Chappelle, Belgium.
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Müller B, Rasmusson AJ, Just D, Jayarathna S, Moazzami A, Novicic ZK, Cunningham JL. Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Ratios as Related to Gastrointestinal and Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:693-699. [PMID: 34267089 PMCID: PMC8428857 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the gut microbiota and may reflect health. Gut symptoms are common in individuals with depressive disorders, and recent data indicate relationships between gut microbiota and psychiatric health. We aimed to investigate potential associations between SCFAs and self-reported depressive and gut symptoms in young adults. METHODS Fecal samples from 164 individuals (125 were patients with psychiatric disorders: mean [standard deviation] age = 21.9 [2.6] years, 14% men; 39 nonpsychiatric controls: age = 28.5 [9.5] years, 38% men) were analyzed for the SCFA acetate, butyrate, and propionate by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We then compared SCFA ratios with dimensional measures of self-reported depressive and gut symptoms. RESULTS Depressive symptoms showed a positive association with acetate levels (ρ = 0.235, p = .003) and negative associations with both butyrate (ρ = -0.195, p = .014) and propionate levels (ρ = -0.201, p = .009) in relation to total SCFA levels. Furthermore, symptoms of diarrhea showed positive associations with acetate (ρ = 0.217, p = .010) and negative associations with propionate in relation to total SCFA levels (ρ = 0.229, p = 0-007). Cluster analysis revealed a heterogeneous pattern where shifts in SCFA ratios were observed in individuals with elevated levels of depressive symptoms, elevated levels of gut symptoms, or both. CONCLUSIONS Shifts in SCFAs are associated with both depressive symptoms and gut symptoms in young adults and may have of relevance for treatment.
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Nguyen VA, Crewther SG, Howells DW, Wijeratne T, Ma H, Hankey GJ, Davis S, Donnan GA, Carey LM. Acute Routine Leukocyte and Neutrophil Counts Are Predictive of Poststroke Recovery at 3 and 12 Months Poststroke: An Exploratory Study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021; 34:844-855. [PMID: 32940147 DOI: 10.1177/1545968320948607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims. White blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts (NC) are common markers of inflammation and neurological stroke damage and could be expected to predict poststroke outcomes. Objective. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of early poststroke WBC and NC to predict cognition, mood, and disability outcomes at 3 and 12 months poststroke. Methods. Routine clinical analyses WBC and NC were collected at 3 time points in the first 4 days of hospitalization from 156 acute stroke patients. Correlations using hierarchical or ordinal regressions were explored between acute WBC and NC and functional recovery, depression, and cognition at 3 and 12 months poststroke, after covarying for age and baseline stroke severity. Results. We found significant increases in NC between <12 hours and 24 to 48 hours time points (P = .05). Hierarchical regressions, covaried for age and baseline stroke severity, found that 24 to 48 hours WBC (P = .05) and NC (P = .04) significantly predicted 3-month cognition scores. Similarly, 24 to 48 hours WBC (P = .05) and NC (P = .02) predicted cognition scores at 12 months. Increases in WBC and NC were predictive of increased cognition scores at both 3 and 12 months (positive recovery) though there were no significant associations between WBC and NC and disability or depression scores. Conclusions. Routine acute stroke clinical laboratory tests such as WBC and NC taken between 24 and 48 hours poststroke are predictive of cognition poststroke. It is interpreted that higher rapid immunological activation in the acute phase is an indicator for the trajectory of positive stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh A Nguyen
- La Trobe University, College of Science, Health and Engineering, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheila G Crewther
- La Trobe University, College of Science, Health and Engineering, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Tissa Wijeratne
- Melbourne Medical School, Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henry Ma
- Department of Medcine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Davis
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leeanne M Carey
- La Trobe University, College of Science, Health and Engineering, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Leuven Affect and Pleasure Scale (LAPS) is a depression outcome measure aiming to better reflect patient treatment expectations. We investigated the evolution of the LAPS and some comparator scales during antidepressant treatment and compared scores of remitters with scores of healthy controls. METHODS A total of 109 outpatients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) major depressive disorder were assessed over 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. At baseline and after 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the LAPS as well as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) were administered. Healthy controls consisted of 38 Italian adults and 111 Belgian students. RESULTS Correlations between baseline positive and negative affect were only moderate (R between -0.20 and -0.41). LAPS positive affect and hedonic tone showed higher correlations with LAPS cognitive functioning, overall functioning, meaningfulness of life, and happiness than HAMD scores or PANAS negative affect. HAMD remission was associated with normal levels of LAPS negative affect but with significantly lower levels of LAPS positive affect, hedonic tone, cognitive functioning, overall functioning, meaningfulness of life, and happiness. The scores on the latter subscales only reached healthy control scores when the HAMD approached a score of 0 or 1. CONCLUSIONS The standard definition of remission (HAMD cutoff of 7) is probably adequate for remitting negative mood, but not good enough for recovering positive mood, hedonic tone, functioning, or meaningfulness of life.
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Wallsten D, Norell-Clarke A, Alfonsson S, Gryphon D, Eriksson H, Tillfors M. Treating co-morbid insomnia and social anxiety disorder with sequential CBT protocols: a single-case experimental study. Behav Cogn Psychother 2021; 49:1-17. [PMID: 34240694 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465821000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although insomnia disorder and social anxiety disorder are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, no studies have yet evaluated the use of sequential evidence-based treatment protocols in the population with co-morbid social anxiety disorder and insomnia disorder. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the effects of sequential treatments on co-morbid insomnia disorder and social anxiety disorder. As depression is a common co-morbid syndrome for both insomnia and social anxiety, a secondary aim was to examine depressive symptoms. METHOD A single-case repeated crossover AB design was used. Ten participants between 18 and 59 years of age with co-morbid DSM-5 diagnoses of insomnia disorder and social anxiety disorder received sequential treatments with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Seven participants completed the treatment course. The primary outcomes were symptoms of insomnia and social anxiety, and the secondary outcome was symptoms of depression. RESULTS The effects of CBT on people with co-morbid social anxiety disorder and insomnia disorder were mixed. The majority of participants improved their sleep quality and lessened symptoms of social anxiety and depression. However, participants differed in their degree of improvement concerning all three disorders. CONCLUSIONS Sequential CBT treatments are potentially effective at decreasing symptoms of social anxiety and insomnia for people with co-morbid social anxiety disorder and insomnia disorder. The variation in outcome across participants makes firm conclusions about the treatment efficacy difficult to draw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wallsten
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Annika Norell-Clarke
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- Faculty of Health and Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Sven Alfonsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Gryphon
- Department of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, SE-70182Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hanna Eriksson
- Department of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, SE-70182Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Tillfors
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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41
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Zulkifli NA, Guan NC, Zainal NZ, Ling TS. Psychosocial Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Outpatients with Depression. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2021; 22:185-193. [PMID: 36424937 PMCID: PMC9590674 DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2021.21107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term social distancing, isolation, and economic fallout may be significant psychological triggers during pandemic, such as COVID-19, especially for those with underlying psychiatric illness. This study was conducted to address the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic among patients with depression based at a teaching hospital in Malaysia. METHODS This is a cross-sectional online study among patients with depression from University Malaya Medical Centre, using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale-Self Assessment (MADRS-S), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP), and Social Media Addiction during COVID-19 Pandemic (SMACOP). RESULTS One hundred seventy-eight patients participated in this study. The mean total of the KAP score is 12.65 (SD = 2.65), with knowledge section (mean = 7.34 [SD = 2.13]), attitudes section (mean = 2.63 [SD = 0.58]), and practices section (mean = 2.69 [SD = 1.00]). They scored moderately on the MADRS-S (mean = 21.03 [SD = 4.62]) and ISI (mean = 20.25 [SD = 4.62]) but had high GAD-7 scores (mean = 16.8 (SD = 6.27]). From the multiple logistic regression analyses, depressive symptoms of greater severity (MADRS-S 18-34) are significantly associated with more severe insomnia (P < .001, adjusted OR = 9.101, 95% CI: 3.613-22.924). Furthermore, the high anxiety level is associated with the younger age group (P = .029, Adjusted OR = 2.274, 95% CI: 1.090-4.746), greater severity of insomnia (P < .001, Adjusted OR = 22.9, 95% CI: 6.145-85.343), and higher risk of COVID-19 related social media addiction (P = .011, adjusted OR = 2.637, 95% CI: 1.253-5.550). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the high levels of sleep disturbances and anxiety symptoms experienced by outpatients with depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. These are closely linked to the younger age group and at-risk social media addiction related to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathratul Ayeshah Zulkifli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Malaya School of Medicine,
Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Sciences Islam Malaysia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
| | - Ng Chong Guan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Malaya School of Medicine,
Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
| | - Nor Zuraida Zainal
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Malaya School of Medicine,
Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
| | - Tang Song Ling
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Malaya School of Medicine,
Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
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42
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Blomdahl C, Guregård S, Rusner M, Wijk H. Recovery From Depression—A 6-Month Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Study of Manual-Based Phenomenological Art Therapy for Persons With Depression. ART THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07421656.2021.1922328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Hess Engström AH, Kullinger M, Jawad I, Hesselman S, Buhrman M, Högberg U, Skalkidou A. Internet-based treatment for vulvodynia (EMBLA) - Study protocol for a randomised controlled study. Internet Interv 2021; 25:100396. [PMID: 33996511 PMCID: PMC8091887 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvodynia is defined as vulvar pain for at least 3 months without a clear cause. To the best of our knowledge, there are no trials investigating the effects of internet treatment using CBT (Cognitive behavioural therapy) treatment with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) components for women with vulvodynia. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of such a guided internet-based intervention on provoked vulvar pain during the waiting period before clinical treatment. METHODS We will randomise 52 patients to either guided internet-based intervention with CBT with (ACT) components or no intervention during the waiting period for treatment as usual. Online assessments are conducted at baseline, posttreatment, and at follow-up after 9 months. The primary outcome measure is provoked vulvar pain. Secondary outcomes are depression, anxiety, sexual function, and quality of life. Linear-mixed effect models will be used to assess the effect of the internet-based intervention on vulvar pain, pain acceptance, depression, anxiety, sexual function, and quality of life over time, by applying the intention-to-treat approach. Continuous data will be analysed with general linear models using intention-to-treat and also per protocol approaches to assess the effects of the intervention at different time points. Ordinal and binary data will be analysed with Mann Whitney's test, Fischer's exact test and multivariate logistic regression, respectively. DISCUSSION As a randomised controlled trial with short- and long-term follow-up points, the EMBLA study intends to provide a novel and better understanding regarding the treatment of vulvodynia and the role of internet-based treatment as a complement to standard care for women suffering from vulvodynia. The effects of vulvodynia on pain, sexual function, quality of life, depression, and anxiety are investigated. The study's results are expected to be of value in the planning of clinical care in the medical area. High dropout rates and technical difficulties associated with using the platform are common in similar studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02809612.
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Key Words
- ACT, Acceptance and commitment therapy
- Acceptance and commitment therapy
- BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory
- CBT, Cognitive Behavioural therapy
- CPAQ, Chronic Pain Acceptance questionnaire
- EQ5-D, EuroQol-5-dimension questionnaire
- ESSI, ENRICHD Social Support Instrument
- FSDS-R, Female Sexual Distress Scale – Revised
- FSFI, Female Sexual Function Index
- Internet-based
- LOCF, last observation carried forward
- MADRS-S, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale
- Randomised controlled trial
- SWLS, Satisfaction with Life Scale
- Vulvodynia
- rDAS, Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hess Hess Engström
- Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,Corresponding author at: Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.
| | - Merit Kullinger
- Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Izabella Jawad
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hesselman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,Center for clinical research, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Monica Buhrman
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Högberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Structural Changes on MRI Demonstrate Specific Cerebellar Involvement in SLE Patients-A VBM Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040510. [PMID: 33923703 PMCID: PMC8072619 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate possible differences in brain structure, as measured by T1-weighted MRI, between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls (HC), and whether any observed differences were in turn more severe in SLE patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations (NPSLE) than those without (non-NPSLE). Structural T1-weighted MRI was performed on 69 female SLE patients (mean age = 35.8 years, range = 18–51 years) and 24 age-matched female HC (mean age = 36.8 years, range = 23–52 years) in conjunction with neuropsychological assessment using the CNS Vital Signs test battery. T1-weighted images were preprocessed and analyzed by FSL-VBM. The results show that SLE patients had lower grey matter probability values than the control group in the VIIIa of the cerebellum bilaterally, a region that has previously been implied in sensorimotor processing in human and non-human primates. No structural differences for this region were found between NPSLE and non-NPSLE patients. VBM values from the VIIIa region showed a weak positive correlation with the psychomotor speed domain from CNS Vital Signs (p = 0.05, r = 0.21), which is in line with its presumed role as a sensorimotor processing area.
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45
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Feasibility and Acceptability of a Healthy Nordic Diet Intervention for the Treatment of Depression: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030902. [PMID: 33802181 PMCID: PMC7999972 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy diet interventions have been shown to improve depressive symptoms, but there is a need for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that are double blind and investigate biological mechanisms. The primary objectives of this randomized controlled pilot trial were to test the palatability of the meals and the acceptability of the intervention in preparation for an 8-week RCT in the future, which will investigate whether a healthy Nordic diet improves depressive symptoms in individuals with major depressive disorder, and associated biological mechanisms. Depressed (n = 10) and non-depressed (n = 6) women and men were randomized to receive either a healthy Nordic diet (ND) or a control diet (CD) for 8 days. Participants were blinded to their diet allocation and the study hypotheses. Health questionnaires were completed before and after the intervention and, throughout the study, questionnaires assessed participants’ liking for the meals, their sensory properties, adherence, and open-ended feedback. In the ND group, 75% of participants consumed only the provided foods, as instructed, compared to 50% of CD participants. The meals of both diets, on average, received good ratings for liking and sensory properties, though the ND ratings were somewhat higher. Overall, results were positive and informative, indicating that the planned RCT will be feasible and well-accepted, with some proposed modifications.
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Managing depressive symptoms in people with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia with a multicomponent psychotherapy intervention: a randomized controlled trial. Int Psychogeriatr 2021; 33:217-231. [PMID: 32131911 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the CORDIAL program, a psychosocial intervention consisting of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), cognitive rehabilitation, and reminiscence to manage depressive symptoms for people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. DESIGN We conducted a randomized controlled trial, based on a two-group (intervention and control), pre-/post-intervention design. SETTING Participants were recruited from five different old age psychiatry and memory clinics at outpatients' hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Hundred and ninety-eight people with MCI or early-stage dementia were included. INTERVENTION The intervention group (n = 100) received 11 individual weekly sessions of the CORDIAL program. This intervention includes elements from CBT, cognitive rehabilitation, and reminiscence therapy. The control group (n = 98) received treatment-as-usual. MEASUREMENTS We assessed Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (main outcome), Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire, and Quality of Life in Alzheimer's disease (secondary outcomes) over the course of 4 months and at a 10-month follow-up visit. RESULTS A linear mixed model demonstrated that the depressive symptoms assessed by MADRS were significantly more reduced in the intervention groups as compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The effect persisted for 6 months after the intervention. No significant differences between groups were found in neuropsychiatric symptoms or quality of life. CONCLUSION Our multicomponent intervention, which comprised 11 individual sessions of CBT, cognitive rehabilitation, and reminiscence therapy, reduced depressive symptoms in people with MCI and dementia.
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47
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Sullivan CRP, Olsen S, Widge AS. Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: From focal brain targets to cognitive networks. Neuroimage 2021; 225:117515. [PMID: 33137473 PMCID: PMC7802517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising intervention for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Up to 90% of patients who have not recovered with therapy or medication have reported benefit from DBS in open-label studies. Response rates in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), however, have been much lower. This has been argued to arise from surgical variability between sites, and recent psychiatric DBS research has focused on refining targeting through personalized imaging. Much less attention has been given to the fact that psychiatric disorders arise from dysfunction in distributed brain networks, and that DBS likely acts by altering communication within those networks. This is in part because psychiatric DBS research relies on subjective rating scales that make it difficult to identify network biomarkers. Here, we overview recent DBS RCT results in OCD and MDD, as well as the follow-on imaging studies. We present evidence for a new approach to studying DBS' mechanisms of action, focused on measuring objective cognitive/emotional deficits that underpin these and many other mental disorders. Further, we suggest that a focus on cognition could lead to reliable network biomarkers at an electrophysiologic level, especially those related to inter-regional synchrony of the local field potential (LFP). Developing the network neuroscience of DBS has the potential to finally unlock the potential of this highly specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi R P Sullivan
- University of Minnesota Medical School Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Sarah Olsen
- University of Minnesota Medical School Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Alik S Widge
- University of Minnesota Medical School Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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Baandrup L, Rasmussen JØ, Mainz J, Videbech P, Kristensen S. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Mental Health Clinical Research: A Descriptive Review in Comparison with Clinician-Rated Outcome Measures. Int J Qual Health Care 2021; 34:ii70-ii97. [PMID: 33404610 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review how patient-reported outcomes measures in mental health clinical research complement traditional clinician-rated outcomes measures. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and Scopus. STUDY SELECTION Latest update of the literature search was conducted in August 2019, using a specified set of search terms to identify controlled and uncontrolled studies (published since 1996) of pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions in adults (≥18 years) in hospital-based mental health care. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors extracted data independently using a pre-designed extraction form. RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS Among the 2962 publications identified, 257 were assessed by full text reading. A total of 24 studies reported in 26 publications were included in this descriptive review. We identified subjective and objective outcome measures, classified these according to the pharmacopsychometric triangle and compared them qualitatively in terms of incremental information added to the clinical study question. The data reviewed here from primarily depression and schizophrenia intervention studies show that results from patient-reported outcome measures and clinician-rated outcome measures generally point in the same direction. There was a relative lack of patient-reported outcome measures on functioning and medication side effects compared with patient-reported outcome measures on symptom burden and health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION Patient-reported outcomes and clinician-rate outcomes supplement each other and at most times support identical study conclusions. Future studies would benefit from a more systematic approach towards use of patient-reported outcomes and a clearer rationale of how to weigh and report the results in comparison with clinician-rated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone Baandrup
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4., 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Mainz
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry Aalborg, Denmark, DACS, Danish Center for Health Services Research, Aalborg University.,Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department for Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Poul Videbech
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Depression Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Solvejg Kristensen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry Aalborg, Denmark, DACS, Danish Center for Health Services Research, Aalborg University
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Niles AN, Axelsson E, Andersson E, Hedman-Lagerlöf E, Carlbring P, Andersson G, Johansson R, Widén S, Driessen J, Santoft F, Ljótsson B. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for depression, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder: Effectiveness and predictors of response in a teaching clinic. Behav Res Ther 2021; 136:103767. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Souzedo FB, Bizarro L, Pereira APAD. O eixo intestino-cérebro e sintomas depressivos: uma revisão sistemática dos ensaios clínicos randomizados com probióticos. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Reconhece-se atualmente a relevância do eixo intestino-cérebro para a compreensão de comportamentos e doenças mentais ou psiquiátricas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos do consumo de probióticos sobre sintomas depressivos e depressão maior. Métodos: O presente estudo constitui uma revisão de ensaios clínicos randomizados duplos-cegos ou triplos-cegos, placebo-controlados, publicados entre 2010 e 2020. Foi realizada busca por artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect e Google Scholar. Resultados: Oito artigos compuseram a amostra do presente estudo. Os resultados entre estudos são controversos e indicam que a relação de causalidade entre o consumo de probióticos e o alívio de sintomas depressivos ainda não foi estabelecida. Conclusões: Mais ensaios clínicos randomizados duplos-cegos ou triplos-cegos, placebo-controlados, que controlem potenciais fatores de confusão (p. ex.: dieta, uso de antibióticos), são necessários para verificar consistentemente a relação causal entre o consumo de probióticos e o alívio de sintomas depressivos.
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