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Trouvain AM, Amblard MA, Heinrich C, Boden K, Rickmann A. [Domestic Violence - an Underestimated Ophthalmological Issue]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2024. [PMID: 38959952 DOI: 10.1055/a-2342-3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karl Boden
- Augenklinik Sulzbach, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar GmbH, Sulzbach, Deutschland
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Bahati C, Nyiranteziryayo A, Izabayo J, Atete P, Sezibera V, Mutesa L. Mental health outcomes of offspring exposed to parental intimate partner violence in Rwanda. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:419. [PMID: 38956491 PMCID: PMC11218358 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who witness parental intimate partner violence (IPV) are more likely to develop mental health issues compared to those who do not witness such violence. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to assess the association between parental intimate partner violence and child mental health outcomes. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study involved 548 participants divided into two groups: parents (N = 304) and offspring (N = 244). The participants were recruited from Mageragere Sector in the City of Kigali (urban), as well as Mbazi and Ruhashya sectors in Huye District (rural). To assess the difference about mental difficulties reported by the offspring, a Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare the responses of parents and their children on mental health outcomes. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between parental intimate partner violence (IPV) and the mental health outcomes of their offspring. RESULTS The results highlighted significant levels of mental and emotional challenges in children, as reported by both parents and the children themselves. Depression and youth conduct problems were more prevalent among the children compared to their parents, whereas anxiety and irritability were more commonly reported by parents than by their children. Intimate partner violence showed to be a predictor of irritability and anxiety symptoms in offspring. In terms of irritability, depression, and youth conduct problems they were identified as predictors of anxiety symptoms. Particularly, anxiety and irritability were revealed to predict youth conduct problems. CONCLUSION The study indicates that parental intimate partner violence (IPV) has an impact on the mental well-being of their offspring. Furthermore, it was observed that there is not only a correlation between IPV and poor mental health outcomes, but also a connection between different mental conditions, implying that children exposed to IPV are more prone to experiencing a range of mental issues. As a result, intervention programs should place emphasis on addressing the mental disorders of both parents and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bahati
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Amina Nyiranteziryayo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Josias Izabayo
- Centre for Mental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Pauline Atete
- Centre for Mental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Vincent Sezibera
- Centre for Mental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Leon Mutesa
- Centre for Human Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Andoh JE, Mehta SK, Mir TA, Chen EM, Nwanyanwu K, Teng CC. Domestic Violence-Related Ocular Injuries Among Adult Patients: Data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2008-2017. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024; 31:169-177. [PMID: 37345877 PMCID: PMC10739625 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2222792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate domestic violence (DV)-related ocular injuries among adult emergency department (ED) patients in the US. METHODS This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients with a diagnosis of DV and diagnosis of ocular injury in the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) from 2008-2017. We identified patient- and hospital-level variables associated with DV-related ocular injuries. We calculated annual incidence rates using US Census data. Adjusting for inflation using the Consumer Price Index, we calculated mean and total charges. RESULTS From 2008-2017, there were 26,215 ED visits for ocular injuries related to DV with an average incidence of 1.09 per 100,000 adult population (female patients, 84.5%; mean age [SE], 34.3 [0.2]). DV-related ocular injuries were most prevalent among patients in the lowest income quartile (39.1%) and on Medicaid (37.4%). Most ED visits presented to metropolitan teaching (55.4%), non-trauma (46.7%), and south regional (30.5%) hospitals. The most common ocular injury was contusion of eye/adnexa (61.1%). The hospital admission rate was 5.2% with a mean hospital stay of 2.9 [0.2]. The inflation-adjusted mean cost for medical services was $38,540 [2,310.8] per encounter with an average increase of $2,116 per encounter, annually. The likelihood of hospital admission increased for patients aged ≥60 years old, on Medicare, and with open globes or facial/orbital fractures (all p < .05). CONCLUSION Contusion of the eye/adnexa was the most common ocular injury among patients with DV-related ED visits. To better facilitate referrals to social services, ophthalmologists should utilize DV screenings, especially towards women and patients of less privileged socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana E. Andoh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Solomon Center for Health Law & Policy, Yale Law School, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sumarth K. Mehta
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tahreem A. Mir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Evan M. Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kristen Nwanyanwu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher C. Teng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Yari A, Fasih P, Bagheri A, Aryanezhad SS, Sani MK. Prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial injuries associated with domestic violence: A retrospective study at a major trauma center. Dent Traumatol 2024; 40 Suppl 2:61-68. [PMID: 37915285 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study aimed to analyze the frequency and pattern of maxillofacial injuries associated with domestic violence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of victims of domestic violence between May 2016 and May 2023 were scrutinized retrospectively. The following data were analyzed: gender and age, history of previous abuse, hospital admission, pregnancy, type of facial injuries, anatomical location of injuries, side of injuries, concomitant injuries, mechanism of impact, treatment modality, and history of drug and alcohol abuse. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients were included, comprising of 75 (96.2%) women and 3 (3.8%) men. Domestic violence was an etiology of 2.7% of all maxillofacial injuries. The mean age was 27.06 ± 5.5 years. 33.3% of cases had a history of previous domestic violence. The assailant was drug addicted in 47.4% of cases. The attacker was the current partner of the victim in 79.5% of the victims. Soft tissue injuries were found in 96.1% of cases. Maxillofacial fracture was observed in 52.6% of victims among which zygoma was the most common (16.7%) followed by the nose and mandible (15.4%). Isolated fracture was observed in 85.3% of patients and 71.8% of the injuries were observed on the left. Concomitant injuries were present in 51.3% of patients with arms/hands being the most frequent (48.7%). Punch (67.9%) constituted the majority of the mechanism of impact. Based on the statistical analysis, punches resulted in significantly higher soft tissue contusion (p = .046), and injuries that required no intervention were significantly higher in punched victims (p = .002). CONCLUSION Maxillofacial soft tissue injuries with or without isolated fracture on the left side of the zygoma, mandibular angle, or nose in association with arms/hands injuries in young adult women could be clues of domestic violence. Appropriate care such as preventive programs for drug or alcohol abuse should be implemented to reduce domestic violence, thereby reducing these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Paniz Fasih
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abbas Bagheri
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Khosousi Sani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Naran-Ochir O, Narantsetseg T, Bayartsogt B, Batbileg B, Gan-Ochir B, Altannamar M, Batbayar EO. A cross-sectional study of the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on domestic violence-related oral and maxillofacial injuries. Dent Traumatol 2024; 40 Suppl 2:74-81. [PMID: 38459665 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 lockdown, more domestic violence-related traumas were reported. In this study, we investigated and compared the incidence of domestic violence-related injuries-in particular oral and maxillofacial injuries-in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 3974 domestic violence cases registered at the Public Health Department, National Traumatology and Orthopedics Research Center of Mongolia between 2018 and 2022. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. The victims were categorized according to their age (child, adult, and elderly). RESULTS The mean age of the victims was children 9.7 ± 5.4 years, adults 34.8 ± 8.3 years, and elderly 64.3 ± 8.7 years. Binary logistic regression analysis (no/yes) showed that oral and maxillofacial injuries during the lockdown increased 1.3 times (OR = 1.3; CI 95% = 1.0-1.6; p = .003) in adults and 2.5 times in children (OR = 2.5; CI 95% = 1.7-3.9; p = .001). Additionally, injuries to upper limbs increased 4.6 times (OR = 4.6; CI 95% = 3.5-6.1; p = .001) in adults and 5.2 times in elderly patients (OR = 5.2; CI 95% = 1.8-16.2; p = .01). Additionally, thorax injury in children increased 3.1 times (OR = 3.1; CI 95% = 1.7-5.7; p = .001). CONCLUSIONS During the lockdown, injury to oral and maxillofacial regions increased in adult and child victims of domestic violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochbayar Naran-Ochir
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Military Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tsetsegkhen Narantsetseg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batzorig Bayartsogt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batzorig Batbileg
- The National Traumatology and Orthopedics Research Center, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batbold Gan-Ochir
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Munkhdul Altannamar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Ach Medical University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Enkh-Orchlon Batbayar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Bernardino ÍDM, da Nóbrega LM, de Souza LT, Ribeiro Monteiro de Figueiredo T, Massoni ACDLT, d'Ávila S. Spatial-temporal distribution of maxillofacial injuries resulting from intimate partner violence against women. Dent Traumatol 2024; 40 Suppl 2:82-90. [PMID: 36807535 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Maxillofacial trauma resulting from intimate partner violence (IPV) represents an important oral health problem. In this sense, the aim of this study was to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution of maxillofacial trauma resulting from IPV against women, using a geostatistical approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ecological study was carried out including the analysis of confirmed IPV cases against women treated at a Center for Forensic Medicine and Dentistry over a four-year observation period, as well as the evaluation of population data from the victims' places of residence extracted from the last demographic census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Statistical analysis included: (i) finite mixture modeling to establish incidence trajectory patterns; (ii) Getis-Ord indicator (Gi*) for spatial autocorrelation; (iii) spatial regression analysis (p < .05). RESULTS Two distinct trajectory patterns (TP1 and TP2) related to IPV incidence were identified using finite mixture modeling, suggesting spatial-temporal disparities at the regional level. In TP1, it was observed that IPV incidence was relatively low and remained stable over time, covering almost two-thirds (62.0%) of investigated spatial units. TP2 was characterized by higher IPV incidence with a tendency to increase in the last year, including more than one-third of neighborhoods (38.0%). Autocorrelation analysis showed a predominance of hot areas (hotspots) in the Eastern zone (p < .05) and in the Western zone (p < .05); and cold areas (coldspots) in the Northern zone (p < .05). In addition, statistically significant association was observed among neighborhoods with higher percentage of households with family householder without income and higher incidence of maxillofacial trauma resulting from IPV against women (β = 5.305; SE = 1.741; p = .002). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate an association between higher IPV incidence against women, maxillofacial trauma, and socio-spatial vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sérgio d'Ávila
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil
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de Souza Cantão ABC, da Silva Lima TC, Fernandes MIAP, Nagendrababu V, Bastos JV, Levin L. Prevalence of dental, oral, and maxillofacial traumatic injuries among domestic violence victims: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Traumatol 2024; 40 Suppl 2:33-42. [PMID: 38214027 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Domestic violence (DV) encompasses a series of abusive behaviors, perpetrated in a family environment, against individuals of all ages and genders. Injuries to the head, neck, and face are frequent findings among victims of abuse, negatively impacting their quality of life. Although oral and maxillofacial injuries (OMFI) and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are commonly diagnosed among DV victims, their prevalence is still unknown. This systematic review was aimed to assess the prevalence of OMFI and TDI among victims of DV. METHODS The protocol of the review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023424235). Literature searches were performed in eight electronic databases, up to August 7th, 2023. Observational studies published in the Latin-roman alphabet and reporting the prevalence of OMFI and/or TDI were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool, checklist for prevalence studies, was used for quality assessment. Results were presented as qualitative and quantitative syntheses. RESULTS Seventeen studies, totaling 12,375 victims of domestic violence, were included. Meta-analyses showed an overall prevalence of 29% (95% CI: 15%-48%, I2 = 99%) and 4% (95% CI: 1%-10%, I2 = 98%) for OMFI and TDI, respectively. Higher pooled prevalence for OMFI (41%, 95% CI: 13%-46%, I2 = 99%) was demonstrated in samples with only women. OMFI was less prevalent (20%) among DV victims under 18, while TDI was lower among adults (1%). Hospital samples presented higher pooled prevalence of OMFI (32%), and forensic data from fatal victims presented higher prevalence of TDI (8%). CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of OMFI and TDI in DV victims was 29% and 4%, respectively. Women victims of DV presented higher rates of OFMI (41%) and TDI (6%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liran Levin
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Araujo SCS, de Souza AAB, Coelho LV, Ramos GV, Silveira RL, Amaral MBF. Did physical aggression in women increase during the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? A perspective of facial trauma. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:149-155. [PMID: 36190578 PMCID: PMC9527380 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-022-01118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to assess whether there was an increase in physical aggression in women treated in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, through the mandatory quarantine. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional study were collected and analyzed, from March 1 to December 31, 2020. Additionally, data from the same period the previous year were collected for comparison. RESULTS Of the etiologies reviewed for 2020, physical aggression had the highest percentage increase (+ 4.9%) and was the only etiology that showed a significant difference (p = 0.045). The mean age of the included patients was 34.05 years in 2019 and 33.97 in 2020, and most of the women had facial fractures, with nasal fractures being the most frequent, followed by jaw fractures. There was a significant increase (p = 0.34) in the conservative treatment of fractures from 2019 (48.6%) to 2020 (71.7%) and a minor (p = 0.088) increase in aggression toward intimate partners (2019, 40.9%; 2020, 63.9%). CONCLUSION Physical aggression against women increased during the period of mandatory social isolation that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. Health professionals, including emergency services professionals, must be trained to identify victims and refer them to specialized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Cristina Soares Araujo
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Program, Hospital João XXIII (FHEMIG), Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 400, Santa EfigêniaCEP: 30.130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Augusto Bornachi de Souza
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Program, Hospital João XXIII (FHEMIG), Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 400, Santa EfigêniaCEP: 30.130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiza Vale Coelho
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Program, Hospital João XXIII (FHEMIG), Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 400, Santa EfigêniaCEP: 30.130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Veloso Ramos
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Program, Hospital João XXIII (FHEMIG), Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 400, Santa EfigêniaCEP: 30.130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roger Lanes Silveira
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Program, Hospital João XXIII (FHEMIG), Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 400, Santa EfigêniaCEP: 30.130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery Service, Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcio Bruno Figueiredo Amaral
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Program, Hospital João XXIII (FHEMIG), Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 400, Santa EfigêniaCEP: 30.130-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Residency Program Director of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital João XXIII (FHEMIG), Av. Professor Alfredo Balena 400, Santa Efigênia, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Banava S, Lippman SA, Schenk G, Gansky SA. Intimate partner violence and orofacial injuries in a multi-school dental data repository. J Dent Educ 2023; 87 Suppl 3:1827-1831. [PMID: 35703990 PMCID: PMC9751224 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Banava
- University of California San Francisco, Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, 707 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
- Center to Address Disparities in Children’s Oral Health, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
| | - Sheri A. Lippman
- University of California San Francisco, Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Box 0886, Floor 03, Room 3168, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
| | - Gundolf Schenk
- University of California San Francisco, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, Box 2933, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
| | - Stuart A. Gansky
- University of California San Francisco, Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, 707 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
- Center to Address Disparities in Children’s Oral Health, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
- University of California San Francisco, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, Box 2933, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, Box 0936, San Francisco, CA, USA 94118
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Testa A, Lee JG, Jackson DB, Mungia R, Ganson KT, Nagata JM. Physical intimate partner violence and prenatal oral health experiences in the United States. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:749. [PMID: 37828499 PMCID: PMC10568803 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue, and when experienced during pregnancy, IPV substantially harms maternal health. Still, limited research has examined how IPV may influence prenatal oral health and dental care utilization. This study investigates the relationship between IPV during pregnancy and women's oral health experiences. DATA Data are from 31 states from 2016-2019 in the United States that participated in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (N = 85,289)-a population-based surveillance system of live births conducted annually by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health departments. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between physical IPV during pregnancy (measured by being pushed, hit, slapped, kicked, choked, or physically hurt any other way by a current or ex-husband/partner) and various oral health experiences. FINDINGS Women who experienced prenatal physical IPV reported worse oral health experiences during pregnancy, including being more likely to report not knowing it was important to care for their teeth, not talking about dental health with a provider, needing to see a dentist for a problem, going to see a dentist for a problem, as well as having more unmet dental care needs. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings indicate that women who experience physical IPV during pregnancy have lower knowledge of prenatal oral health care, more oral health problems, and greater unmet dental care needs. Given the risk of IPV and oral health problems for maternal and infant health, the study findings point to greater attention toward the oral health needs of IPV-exposed pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Testa
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacqueline G Lee
- Department of Criminal Justice, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rahma Mungia
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Ben Natan M, Masarwa R, Steinfeld Y, Yonai Y, Berkovich Y. Injury and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Intimate Partner Violence in Women in Israel: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study. J Trauma Nurs 2023; 30:222-227. [PMID: 37417673 DOI: 10.1097/jtn.0000000000000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence is a growing public health concern worldwide, and nurses are uniquely positioned to help identify and refer patients for services. Yet, intimate partner violence injury patterns and characteristics often go unrecognized. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to explore injury and sociodemographic characteristics associated with intimate partner violence in women presenting to a single emergency department in Israel. METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed medical records of married women injured by their spouse who presented to a single emergency department in Israel from January 1, 2016, to August 31, 2020. RESULTS In total, 145 cases were included, of which 110 (76%) were Arab and 35 (24%) were Jewish, with a mean age of 40. Patients' injury patterns consisted of contusions, hematomas, and lacerations to the head, face, or upper extremities, not requiring hospitalization, and having a history of emergency department visits in the past 5 years. CONCLUSION Identifying intimate partner violence characteristics and patterns of injury will help nurses identify, initiate treatment, and report suspected abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Ben Natan
- Pat Matthews Academic School of Nursing, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel (Dr Ben Natan); and The Orthopedics B Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel (Drs Masarwa, Steinfeld, Yonai, and Berkovich)
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Souza MRF, Gonçalves MWA, de Souza GM, Fernandes IA, Falci SGM, Galvão EL. Oral and maxillofacial trauma in women assaulted by men: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023; 124:101321. [PMID: 36347789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against women represents an urgent public health problem and has been an increasingly important topic in society's discussions and concerns. Although studies report a high prevalence of injuries to the face and head of women victims of intentional violence, this physical damage has never been investigated by grouped studies. Thus, the objective of this systematic review was to research the characteristics and the overall prevalence of oral-maxillofacial trauma in women victims of physical violence caused by men. METHODS Searches were carried out on Medline (via PubMed) and Lilacs (via Virtual Health Library) and on gray literature until June 16, 2020 (updated on February 12, 2021) without restriction on the year of publication or language. RESULTS A total of 27 studies involving 9,318 women victims of aggression by men and 3,738 oral-maxillofacial traumas were included. The prevalence of oral-maxillofacial trauma among all injuries in women was 51% (95% CI 28% - 74%). There was no significant difference in the chance of occurrence between soft tissue injuries (bruises, lacerations, abrasions, edema, erythema, and epistaxis) and hard tissue injuries (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.43 - 4.80). The relationship between the victims and the aggressors was mainly that of intimate partners and relatives. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the need for political and ethical reflection to prevent oral-maxillofacial trauma and ensure women's health and human rights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rocha Fonseca Souza
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Department of Dentistry, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Glaciele Maria de Souza
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Department of Dentistry, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ighor Andrade Fernandes
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Department of Dentistry, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Saulo Gabriel Moreira Falci
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Department of Dentistry, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Endi Lanza Galvão
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Department of Dentistry, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Testa A, Lee J, Neumann A, Jackson DB. Physical intimate partner violence and oral health problems during pregnancy. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:293-300.e1. [PMID: 36707273 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the association between physical intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy and reports of prenatal oral health problems among a sample of mothers in the United States. METHODS Data were obtained from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from 7 sites (Kentucky, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, Puerto Rico, Utah, West Virginia) for 2016 through 2020. The authors used multivariable logistic regression to examine the relationship between physical IPV and respondent self-reports of whether they needed to see a dentist for several oral health problems during pregnancy: (1) needing to have a tooth restored; (2) painful, red, or swollen gingivae; (3) toothache; (4) needing to have a tooth extracted; (5) having an injury to the mouth, teeth, or gingivae; or (6) another problem with teeth or gingivae. RESULTS Women who experienced physical IPV during pregnancy had elevated rates of oral health problems during pregnancy compared with women who did not experience IPV. The findings detailed associations between physical IPV and oral health problems that may stem from physical violence, including painful, red, or swollen gingivae; toothache; and mouth, teeth, or gingivae injury. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight a connection between physical IPV during pregnancy and oral health problems consistent with orofacial injuries. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The association between physical IPV and elevated rates of oral health problems and orofacial injuries highlights the critical role of oral health care providers in screening for, detecting, and intervening in IPV among pregnant women.
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Amin D, Manhan AJ, Zeidan AJ, Evans DP, Abramowicz S, Smith RN. Do Gender Differences Exist Among Victims of Head and Neck Injuries due to Intimate Partner Violence? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 81:49-55. [PMID: 36351477 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The frequency of intimate partner violence (IPV) is much lower in males than females. Data regarding IPV-related injuries patterns and characteristics in males are scant. The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare patterns of IPV-related head and neck injuries between men and women. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study reviewed cases of IPV at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia from January 2016 to August 2019. The study sample was collected from electronic medical records by identifying IPV subjects using a natural language processing algorithm and then cross-referencing the trauma registry to identify patients who sustained head and neck injuries. The primary analyses of interest were to measure the association between gender and the following covariates: age, race, insurance status, setting of injury, day of injury, social history, report of physical abuse, mechanism of injury, injury location, brain injuries, soft tissue injuries, facial fractures, other associated injuries, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, hospital length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, and discharge status. Univariate and bivariate analyses were calculated. Statistical significance was P < .05. RESULTS One hundred fifty six patients met inclusion criteria. There were 120 (76.9%) female patients with a mean age of 34.5 years (range, 16 to 67 years). There were 36 (23%) male patients with a mean age of 43.8 years (range, 18 to 77 years). Women were statistically more likely than men to have government-subsidized insurance (47 [39.2%] vs 7 [19.4%]; P = .03), positive alcohol exposure (27 [22.5%] vs 19 [52.8%]; P = .0001), positive illicit drugs toxicology screen (25 [20.8%] vs 13 [36.1%]; P < .02), report physical abuse (24 [20%] vs 0; P = .004), have subarachnoid hemorrhage (14 [11.7%] vs 0; P = .04), and/or lower extremity injuries (39 [32.5%] vs 5 [13.9%]; P = .03). CONCLUSION Males tend not to report physical abuse; this behavior contributes to IPV under-reporting in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Amin
- Assistant Professor in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine; Associate Chief Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Director of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Outpatient Clinic, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Andrew J Manhan
- Medical Student Researcher, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amy J Zeidan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Dabney P Evans
- Assistant Professor, Hubert Department of Global Health & Director, Center for Humanitarian Emergencies, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shelly Abramowicz
- Associate Professor in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University, School of Medicine; Chief of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Randi N Smith
- Assistant Professor of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine; Assistant Professor of Public Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
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Alothmani OS, Basfar RT, Siddiqui AY, Edrees HY, Alshouibi EN. Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and Endodontic Treatment Needs: Pilot Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2022; 14:289-295. [PMID: 36172504 PMCID: PMC9512027 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s384335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and potential association between intimate partner violence (IPV) with traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and the subsequent need for root canal treatment (RCT). Methods A total of 100 subjects with TDIs presented at emergency or postgraduate restorative clinics at University Dental Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia post-TDI. All study subjects completed the Hurt-Insult-Threaten-Scream (HITS) domestic violence screening tool and were clinically and radiographically examined to determine the type of TDI they suffered along with the pulp and periapical status of affected teeth. Demographic data were also recorded. Based on the findings, management included regular follow-up, splinting, reattachment of broken tooth part, vital pulp therapy and/or RCT as seen appropriate. Results Mean age of participants was 28.4±5.7 years. Prevalence of IPV among subjects presented with TDIs was 18%. Most of the IPV victims held a bachelor's degree (67%) and were unemployed (61%). Most of TDI cases were crown fracture (84%) followed by luxation and avulsion (10% and 6%, respectively). Among all TDI cases, 73% required RCT. Crown fracture was the most prevalent TDI among IPV victims followed by luxation and avulsion with prevalence of 56%, 33%, and 11%, respectively. Out of a total of 73 patients requiring RCT, nine were IPV victims (12.3%) which indicated that one of each eight TDI cases requiring RCT might be a potential IPV victim. Half of the IPV victims required RCT to manage their TDIs. Conclusion Prevalence of IPV among TDIs was 18%. IPV screening should be included as routine assessment part for TDIs. Identification of IPV victims could be difficult, however, employment status, type of TDI, and RCT needs were suggested as potential predictors of positive IPV cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama S Alothmani
- Department of Endodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rund T Basfar
- Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna Y Siddiqui
- Department of Endodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Y Edrees
- Department of Endodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab N Alshouibi
- Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Women's intimate partner violence versus community violence: Comparing injuries as presented in Iceland's largest emergency department. Int Emerg Nurs 2022; 63:101192. [PMID: 35809482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2022.101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread, often unidentified and hidden public health problem, which has serious consequences. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the clinical characteristics of women's violence inflicted physical injuries, as presented at Iceland's largest Emergency Department (ED). Three groups were created based on registered reason of injury: (1) IPV, (2) community violence (CV) with a history of IPV (HIPV), and (3) CV with no history of IPV. METHODS Data was collected retrospectively by using the Nomesco classification system of external causes of injuries. Participants were adult women, residing in the capital area, visiting the ED during 2005-2019. RESULTS IPV inflicted ED visits declined by 45% during the research period and CV visits declined by 61%. Women in the IPV group had the highest prevalence of repeated new ED visits per 1000 women in the capital area. The majority of IPV occurred in residential areas (86.4%), inflicted by a current partner (54.7%), and included only one perpetrator (95.3%). Women involved in CV were most likely to visit the ED on weekends (p = 0.003) and IPV women were most likely to visit between 08:00 and 16:00 (p < 0.001). Superficial injuries were the most common type of injury among all groups and IPV women were twice as likely (7.1%) to have injuries on their neck than CV women (3.5%). IPV women were most likely to be admitted (3.0%). CONCLUSION Time of ED visit, number of perpetrators and location of assault can be indicators of IPV inflicted injuries, as opposed to otherwise inflicted injuries. Repeated visits, superficial injuries and neck injuries might also be an indicator of IPV, however wounds and sprains and injuries on head and upper limbs are more likely to be non-IPV inflicted.
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Retrospective Study of the Epidemiological Profile of Facial Trauma Related to Violence. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:e382-e384. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Romeo I, Sobrero F, Roccia F, Dolan S, Laverick S, Carlaw K, Aquilina P, Bojino A, Ramieri G, Duran-Valles F, Bescos C, Segura-Pallerès I, Ganasouli D, Zanakis SN, de Oliveira Gorla LF, Pereira-Filho VA, Gallafassi D, Perez Faverani L, Alalawy H, Kamel M, Samieirad S, Jaisani MR, Rahman SA, Rahman T, Aladelusi T, Hassanein AG, Goetzinger M, Bottini GB. A multicentric, prospective study on oral and maxillofacial trauma in the female population around the world. Dent Traumatol 2022; 38:196-205. [PMID: 35390219 PMCID: PMC9321108 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Approximately 20% of patients with maxillofacial trauma are women, but few articles have analysed this. The aim of this multicentric, prospective, epidemiological study was to analyse the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in the female population managed in 14 maxillofacial surgery departments on five continents over a 1-year period. METHODS The following data were collected: age (0-18, 19-64, or ≥65 years), cause and mechanism of the maxillofacial fracture, alcohol and/or drug abuse at the time of trauma, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale score, associated injury, day of trauma, timing and type of treatment, and length of hospitalization. RESULTS Between 30 September 2019 and 4 October 2020, 562 of 2387 patients hospitalized with maxillofacial trauma were females (24%; M: F ratio, 3.2:1) aged between 1 and 96 years (median age, 37 years). Most fractures occurred in patients aged 20-39 years. The main causes were falls (43% [median age, 60.5 years]), which were more common in Australian, European and American units (p < .001). They were followed by road traffic accidents (35% [median age, 29.5 years]). Assaults (15% [median age, 31.5 years]) were statistically associated with alcohol and/or drug abuse (p < .001). Of all patients, 39% underwent open reduction and internal fixation, 36% did not receive surgical treatment, and 25% underwent closed reduction. CONCLUSION Falls were the main cause of maxillofacial injury in the female population in countries with ageing populations, while road traffic accidents were the main cause in African and some Asian centres, especially in patients ≤65 years. Assaults remain a significant cause of trauma, primarily in patients aged 19-64 years, and they are related to alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Romeo
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Sobrero
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Roccia
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sean Dolan
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sean Laverick
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kirsten Carlaw
- Department Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Aquilina
- Department Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alessandro Bojino
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Ramieri
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesc Duran-Valles
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coro Bescos
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Segura-Pallerès
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dimitra Ganasouli
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios N Zanakis
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Luis Fernando de Oliveira Gorla
- Department Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valfrido Antonio Pereira-Filho
- Department Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gallafassi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Perez Faverani
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haider Alalawy
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi Alhariri Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Kamel
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi Alhariri Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sahand Samieirad
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sajjad Abdur Rahman
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Tabishur Rahman
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Timothy Aladelusi
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Gaber Hassanein
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Surgery Department, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Maximilian Goetzinger
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gian Battista Bottini
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Prevalence and Perception of Intimate Partner Violence-Related Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2022; 37:53-61. [PMID: 34985034 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious and often undiagnosed consequence of intimate partner violence (IPV). Data on prevalence of TBI among IPV survivors are emerging, but prevalence of IPV among patients presenting to TBI clinics is unknown. Identification of IPV is important to ensure patients with TBI receive appropriate intervention and referrals. OBJECTIVE To determine the proportion of women 18 years and older presenting to an acquired brain injury (ABI) clinic with confirmed or suspected concussion who reported experiencing IPV in the last 12 months or their lifetime. METHODS Single-center cross-sectional cohort study. Proportion of IPV-related TBI or head, neck, or facial) injuries were determined using a modified HELPS Brain Injury Screening Tool and the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory. RESULTS Of the 97 women approached, 50 were enrolled in the study. The average age was 46.1 years and 32 women (64.0%) reported a relationship history with a violent partner; 12-month prevalence of IPV was 26.5% and lifetime prevalence was 44.0%. Within their lifetime, all (44.0%) who reported an IPV history reported emotional abuse, 24.0% reported physical abuse, and 18.0% sexual abuse. HELPS responses indicated a high potential of lifetime IPV-related TBI for 29.2%, most commonly from being hit in the face or head (20.8%). CONCLUSION Implementation of IPV screening in community-based ABI clinics is a pivotal step toward understanding the potential scope of TBI and addressing the wide range of somatic, cognitive, and affective symptoms experienced by IPV survivors. IPV screening also will lead to timely referral and follow-up and increase patient safety after discharge from rehabilitation.
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Longitudinal imaging history in early identification of intimate partner violence. Eur Radiol 2021; 32:2824-2836. [PMID: 34797386 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the imaging findings of intimate partner violence (IPV)-related injury and to evaluate the role of longitudinal imaging review in detecting IPV. METHODS Radiology studies were reviewed in chronological order and IPV-related injuries were recorded among 400 victims of any type of abuse (group 1) and 288 of physical abuse (group 2) from January 2013 to June 2018. The likelihood of IPV was assessed as low/moderate/high based on the review of (1) current and prior anatomically related studies only and (2) longitudinal imaging history consisting of all prior studies. The first radiological study date with moderate/high suspicion was compared to the self-reported date by the victim. RESULTS A total of 135 victims (33.8%) in group 1 and 144 victims (50%) in group 2 demonstrated IPV-related injuries. Musculoskeletal injury was most common (58.2% and 44.5% in groups 1 and 2, respectively; most commonly lower/upper extremity fractures), followed by neurologic injury (20.9% and 32.9% in groups 1 and 2, respectively; most commonly facial injury). With longitudinal imaging history, radiologists were able to identify IPV in 31% of group 1 and 46.5% of group 2 patients. Amongst these patients, earlier identification by radiologists was provided compared to the self-reported date in 62.3% of group 1 (median, 64 months) and in 52.6% of group 2 (median, 69.3 months). CONCLUSIONS Musculoskeletal and neurological injuries were the most common IPV-related injuries. Knowledge of common injuries and longitudinal imaging history may help IPV identification when victims are not forthcoming. KEY POINTS • Musculoskeletal injuries were the most common type of IPV-related injury, followed by neurological injuries. • With longitudinal imaging history, radiologists were able to better raise the suspicion of IPV compared to the selective review of anatomically related studies only. • With longitudinal imaging history, radiologists were able to identify IPV earlier than the self-reported date by a median of 64 months in any type of abuse, and a median of 69.3 months in physical abuse.
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Marchant AD, Gray S, Ludwig DC, Dillon J. What Is the Effect of COVID-19 Social Distancing on Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma Related to Domestic Violence? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 79:2319.e1-2319.e8. [PMID: 34454868 PMCID: PMC9790760 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the impact of social distancing policies on the incidence and severity of oral and maxillofacial trauma (OMT) secondary to interpersonal violence (IPV) and domestic violence (DV). METHODS The authors designed a retrospective cohort study enrolling subjects who presented to an urban Level 1 trauma center in Seattle, WA, for the evaluation and management of OMT between January 1 and December 31 in the years 2018 through 2020. The primary predictor variable was evaluation of OMT during periods with (2020: investigational group) or without (2018 or 2019: control group) social distancing policies in place. The primary outcome variables were the mechanism and severity of injury, defined as IPV, DV or neither, the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) and the injury severity score (ISS). Descriptive, univariate and bivariate analyses were performed with statistical significance at P < .05. RESULTS Eight hundred twenty-eight subjects; 737 (89%) IPV and 91(11%) IPV due to DV. The incidence of OMT secondary to IPV or DV was unchanged (P = .81, P = .57 respectively). There was a nonsignificant increase in ISS for IPV (P = .07) and no change for DV (P = .46). AIS scores were unchanged for IPV (P = .36). For DV, AIS scores were lower in 2020 when compared to 2019 (P = .04) but unchanged from 2018 (P = .58). At least half of the DV victims were male (50% in 2018, 59% in 2019, and 53% in 2020). Of these, 65% were under 18, and represented the pediatric majority (62%). A nonsignificant increase in non-white subjects presenting with DV in 2020 (P = .15) was seen. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic did not change the number or severity of OMT cases secondary to IPV or DV in this region of Washington. Pediatric males were more likely to be victims of DV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jasjit Dillon
- Associate Professor and Program Director, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr Dillon: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 1959 NE Pacific St, Health Sciences Building B-241, Seattle, WA 98195
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Othman S, Yuen CW, Mohd Zain N, Abdul Samad A. Exploring Intimate Partner Violence Among Women Attending Malaysian Primary Care Clinics. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP7920-NP7941. [PMID: 30938233 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519839426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) are frequent attendees at health care facilities. Although most literature on this subject focuses on developed or Western countries, there is a dearth of information from Asian countries. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of IPV among women attending urban primary care services in Malaysia and to identify the risk factors associated with IPV. Six out of 15 available public primary care clinics in the federal territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were randomly selected. The sampling size for each clinic was conducted proportionate to the clinic's average daily patient attendance. A total of 882 women participated in this study via a self-administered questionnaire. We administered the women's experience with battering scale (WEB-scale) to estimate the prevalence of psychological violence and included a screening question for physical and sexual assault. The results showed that 22.0% of the women surveyed reported experiencing IPV. Ethnicity appears to be a significant predictor, with Chinese and Indian women reporting IPV at a higher rate than Malay women. Women with IPV are more likely to come from lower income households, have witnessed parental IPV, receive less social support, and have poorer psychological well-being. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of IPV among women attending urban public primary care clinics is high. Health care providers should pay close attention during clinical encounters for any sign of IPV, particularly among those presenting with risk factors.
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Slentz DH, Joseph AW, Joseph SS. Intimate Partner Violence-Related Oculofacial Injuries During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 139:789-790. [PMID: 34042943 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dane H Slentz
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Medical Eye Center, Manchester, New Hampshire
| | - Andrew W Joseph
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Shannon S Joseph
- Division of Oculoplastic Surgery, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Arpalahti A, Haapanen A, Puolakkainen T, Abio A, Thorén H, Snäll J. Assault-related facial fractures: does the injury mechanism matter? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:91-97. [PMID: 34175177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study clarified the injury characteristics and occurrence of associated injuries in patients with assault-related facial fractures. Data from 840 assault-related facial fracture patients were included; demographic factors, facial fracture type, associated injuries, alcohol use, and injury mechanisms were recorded. Assault mechanisms most often included combinations of different mechanisms (57.5%) and resulted in the victim falling (50.1%). The perpetrator was most commonly a stranger (52.5%) and acted alone (57.7%). A total of 123 patients (14.6%) had associated injuries, with the most common being traumatic brain injury. Associated injuries occurred most frequently in patients with combined fractures of the facial thirds (24.2%) and upper third fractures (42.9%). The most significant differentiating factors for associated injuries were the number of perpetrators, falling, the use of an offensive weapon, and if the events of the assault remained unknown. In adjusted logistic regression analyses, statistically significant associations with associated injuries were found for age (odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.07; P < 0.001), falling due to the assault (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.49-5.50; P = 0.002), and upper third facial fractures (OR 6.93, 95% CI 2.06-23.33; P = 0.002). A single punch also caused severe injuries and should therefore not be overlooked, as this can be as dangerous as other assault mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arpalahti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - A Haapanen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Puolakkainen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Abio
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Thorén
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - J Snäll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Longitudinal Curricular Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness of Intimate Partner Violence among First-Year Dental Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116039. [PMID: 34199709 PMCID: PMC8200024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has previously been recognized as a major public health issue. Oral healthcare providers, such as dentists, are crucial to the screening and identifying of individuals experiencing IPV, since most injuries occur in the head and neck region. A lack of knowledge and awareness regarding teaching and learning about IPV in dental school curricula has been identified. Based upon the overall lack of knowledge, the objective of this study was to conduct a longitudinal assessment of knowledge, awareness, and beliefs regarding IPV among dental students in their first year of education. Methods: All students (n = 245) from three consecutive, first-year dental student cohorts (n = 81, n = 82, n = 82) were provided a brief and voluntary in-class survey in conjunction with an instructional workshop. The survey included questions designed to ascertain knowledge, awareness, and beliefs regarding IPV as a healthcare and dental issue before and after the instructional session. Differences in responses to the questions before and after the IPV educational workshop were measured using paired t-tests. Results: A total of n = 232 completed pre- and post-responses were received from all three first-year dental student cohorts (n = 76, n = 80, n = 76), representing an overall 94.6% response rate. Analysis of these data showed that the student population was predominantly male and white (non-minority), aged in their mid- to late twenties, with most students reporting no previous IPV education. The few students reporting previous IPV education were mainly younger (<25 years), which may represent more recent endeavors to increase awareness of IPV among students currently attending colleges and universities. Conclusions: The results of this study may suggest that information-specific seminars within the curriculum might be adequate to provide dental students with awareness and knowledge of IPV and specific information regarding local resources and referrals for any patients experiencing IPV.
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Steyn M, Bacci N, Holland S. Patterning of fractures in a case of intimate partner homicide (IPH). J Forensic Sci 2020; 66:766-774. [PMID: 33201522 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
South Africa is a country overwhelmed by crime and violence, with very high incidences of abuse against women and children. It is not often that a case of intimate partner homicide is seen in a forensic anthropological context. Here, we report on such a case where the remains of the victim had been buried for some time. The victim was a middle-aged female, while the suspect was a younger adult male. The deceased had suffered massive, repeated trauma during her lifetime with healed fractures and evidence of soft tissue trauma to virtually all parts of her body. A partly healed rib fracture indicates that the abuse continued until shortly before her death. She ultimately succumbed after suffering trauma to her head and face after reportedly being hit by a brick, evidence of which can be seen as perimortem fractures of the face. It is important for forensic anthropologists to identify specific patterns and report on the presence of healed fractures, as they can raise suspicion as to the possibility of chronic abuse. In this case, the evidence suggests a very long period of extreme and repeated trauma, which were apparently not reported or noticed by family members or the medical fraternity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Steyn
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Bacci
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Shakeera Holland
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Mayrink G, Araújo S, Kindely L, Marano R, Filho ABDM, de Assis TV, Jadijisky M, de Oliveira NK. Factors Associated With Violence Against Women and Facial Trauma of a Representative Sample of the Brazilian Population: Results of a Retrospective Study. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2020; 14:119-125. [PMID: 33995832 DOI: 10.1177/1943387520949339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design Violence against women is a challenge in public health. It involves women of all ages, socioeconomic statuses, cultures, and religions. Objective The objective of this study was to perform an epidemiological survey of facial trauma among women who experienced physical aggression by an intimate partner. Methods Electronic medical records from a public tertiary referral hospital for trauma in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo were analyzed between 2013 and 2018. Results Patients were most commonly between 20 and 29 years of age (33.9%), and 50% of the patients were of mixed race. When separated by days of the week, facial trauma was most commonly inflicted on Sundays (24.2%) and on Saturdays (22.6%). Of the 62 women included in the study, 47 had facial fractures, and 7 had more than 1 concomitant fracture. Forty of the total fractures (72.7%) were on the middle and upper thirds of the face, while 15 fractures (27.3%) were on the lower third of the face. The most commonly observed signs and symptoms of these injuries were edema (56.5%), periorbital ecchymosis (35.5%), deviated nasal dorsum (22.6%), and hematoma (16.1%). Conclusions Facial trauma may be considered an important marker of attempted femicide. Health care professionals must be aware of and attentive to this correlation, since many cases of attempted femicide go unnoticed or are attributed to another etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mayrink
- São Pedro Integrated Colleges, FAESA University, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Stella Araújo
- São Pedro Integrated Colleges, FAESA University, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Laisa Kindely
- São Pedro Integrated Colleges, FAESA University, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Renato Marano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jayme dos Santos Neves Hospital, Serra, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Thassio Vidal de Assis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jayme dos Santos Neves Hospital, Serra, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Jadijisky
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jayme dos Santos Neves Hospital, Serra, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Natacha Kalline de Oliveira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Butanta, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sarkar R, Ozanne-Smith J, Dipnall JF, Bassed R. Population study of orofacial injuries in adult family violence homicides in Victoria, Australia. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 316:110467. [PMID: 32891827 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes the prevalence and orofacial injury patterns associated with adult family violence (FV) homicides in Victoria, Australia. It follows a methods study for case selection of all FV homicides and injury measurement. Comprehensive analysis of orofacial injuries in FV homicides and their clinico-demographic context will inform future research on clinical FV indicators and sentinel injuries, and potentially lead to premorbid intervention in health services. METHODS All closed cases of FV homicides aged ≥18 years, January 2006 to December 2018, were identified by screening Victorian fatal assaults, based on victim-offender relationship. Primary data such as post-mortem computed tomography scans and photographs were assessed. Socio-demographic, clinical, interpersonal and incident parameters were descriptively analysed and statistically compared across FV homicides with and without facial injuries using cluster analysis and nonparametric tests. RESULTS Of 170 adult homicides screened for eligibility, 151 were included for final analysis. Over the 12-year period, 78.1% of all Victorian adult FV homicides had orofacial injuries. Significant cluster patterns of injury mechanism, victim-offender relationship and drug/alcohol impairment were identified in all homicides. Non-facial injuries were significantly higher in facial vs. non-facial injury homicides. Facial abrasion and incised wounds were the most common injury types. CONCLUSIONS This is the first forensic-epidemiologic study evaluating the empirical evidence concerning orofacial injuries associated with population-wide adult Victorian FV homicides. The high level of orofacial injuries in this population during the study period may inform clinical practice and policy in FV intervention in Victoria and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Sarkar
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Australia.
| | | | - Joanna F Dipnall
- Pre-hospital, Emergency and Trauma Research, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Richard Bassed
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Australia; Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Victoria, Australia
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Sarkar R, Ozanne-Smith J, Bassed R. Methods in population study of orofacial injuries in Victorian family violence homicides. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2019; 16:78-90. [PMID: 31642012 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-019-00183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study standardized the methods used in the determination of orofacial injuries in Victorian family violence homicides and informed potential control selection for an analytic study. Dental service contacts with family violence victims may be intervention avenues due to the presence of abusive injuries in the orofacial region. All Victorian family homicides from January 2000-September 2018 were identified by determining the kinship/relationship and grouped by age. A 20% random sample of adult cases, aged 18-64 years was selected. The median number of orofacial injuries in categories of injury mechanisms/age/gender and the nature of abusive orofacial injuries was reported for the sample. Of 357 closed cases of family homicide, 261 were adults aged 18-64 years. Offender information and injury mechanism data was available for all closed cases, enabling case selection. Of a random sample of 50 adults, 8 cases were excluded. After 2006, CT scans and photos were present in 20 (91%) and 19 (86.4%) of 22 cases, respectively. The nature and median number of orofacial injuries showed correlation to the reported injury mechanism. Strengths and limitations of the used methods were assessed. Not all cases were compatible for assessment of orofacial injuries, thus serving as an additional criterion for exclusion in our methodology. Further detailed study of the whole population of adults should be limited to the period 2006-2018 where the data is more complete. The mechanism of injury may influence control selection for analytic studies. We present preliminary evidence of the frequent occurrence of orofacial injuries in family violence homicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Sarkar
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, Melbourne, Victoria, 3006, Australia.
| | - Joan Ozanne-Smith
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, Melbourne, Victoria, 3006, Australia
| | - Richard Bassed
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, Melbourne, Victoria, 3006, Australia
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Zark L, Hammond SM, Williams A, Pilgrim JL. Family violence in Victoria, Australia: a retrospective case-control study of forensic medical casework. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:1537-1547. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Crenshaw DA, Caprioli S. The Nature of Intimate Wounding and the “Shadow Abuser”. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0022167818815587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Caprioli
- Trauma Therapist in Private Practice, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA
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Maia LVA, Bernardino ÍM, Ferreira EF, d’Ávila S, Martins RC. Exposure to violence, victimization differences and maxillofacial injuries in a Brazilian state capital: a data mining approach. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-017-0860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Coulibaly TA, Béogo R, Traoré I, Kohoun HM, Ili BV. Inter personal violence-related facial injuries: a 10-year survey. JOURNAL OF ORAL MEDICINE AND ORAL SURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/mbcb/2017038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Interpersonal violence (IPV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem affecting predominantly the face. Patients and methods: This study reports the characteristics of violence, victims and injuries in IPV-related facial injuries patients, in a 10-year survey, in a tertiary hospital of Burkina Faso. Results: Patients’ age ranged from 11 to 75 years (mean 31 years) and 58.2% of the patients were aged between 20 and 39 years. There were 74 males and females 24 giving a male-to-female ratio of 3.1:1. The circumstances of injuries were brawls (80.6%) consisting mostly in facial blows, and hold-ups (19.4%). Fractures involving predominantly the mandible or the zygomatic complex were the most common injury, accounting for 53.2%. Soft tissues injuries accounted for 37.2% and dental trauma for 9.2%. In 27.5% of the patients, extra facial injuries were encountered, dominated by cerebral trauma and limb fractures. Conclusion: In this study, IPV-related facial injuries are mostly mandibular or zygomatic fractures in young and males adults involved in brawls. These findings command strategies for prevention of violence in this specific group.
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Intimate partner violence against women, circumstances of aggressions and oral-maxillofacial traumas: A medical-legal and forensic approach. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2018; 31:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bernardino ÍM, Barbosa KGN, Nóbrega LM, Cavalcante GMS, Ferreira EFE, d'Ávila S. Interpersonal violence, circumstances of aggressions and patterns of maxillofacial injuries in the metropolitan area of Campina Grande, State of Paraíba, Brazil (2008-2011). CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017; 22:3033-3044. [PMID: 28954154 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232017229.09852016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the circumstances of aggressions and patterns of maxillofacial injuries among victims of interpersonal violence. This was a cross-sectional and exploratory study conducted from the analysis of 7,132 medical-legal and social records of interpersonal violence victims seen in a Forensic Medicine and Dentistry Center. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were performed using Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Three groups with different victimization profiles were identified. The first group was mainly composed of men of different age groups, victims of community violence that resulted in facial bones or dentoalveolar fracture. The second group was mainly composed of adolescents (10-19 years) of both sexes, victims of interpersonal violence and without specific pattern of injuries. The third group was composed of adult women (≥ 20 years) victims of domestic violence that resulted in injuries of soft tissues of face or other body regions. The results suggest that sociodemographic and circumstantial characteristics are important factors in victimization by maxillofacial injuries and interpersonal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Macedo Bernardino
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. R. Baraúnas, Universitário. 58429-500 Campina Grande PB Brasil.
| | | | - Lorena Marques Nóbrega
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. R. Baraúnas, Universitário. 58429-500 Campina Grande PB Brasil.
| | | | | | - Sérgio d'Ávila
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. R. Baraúnas, Universitário. 58429-500 Campina Grande PB Brasil.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite increasing public awareness of IPV, little information is available regarding the prevalence, associated injury patterns, and impact of IPV as a mechanism of ocular and orbital trauma. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature regarding the impact of IPV in ophthalmology and provide team members with guidance on appropriate practices for screening and referral. RECENT FINDINGS Data from 48 population-based studies estimates that the lifetime prevalence of IPV ranges from 10 to 69% among women internationally. Head, neck, or facial trauma is 7.5 times more likely in female patients presenting to the emergency department than female patients with other injury patterns. Forty-five percent of injuries acquired from IPV involve the eyes. IPV is the third leading cause of orbital fractures and traumatic ocular injuries from IPV tend to be severe in nature with a large percent of women sustaining scleral rupture. SUMMARY The high prevalence of IPV as a mechanism of orbital and ocular injury demands training all members of the ophthalmology team in identifying IPV, providing support, and making appropriate referrals to improve patient safety and well-being.
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Teshome A, Andualem G, Tsegie R, Seifu S. Two years retrospective study of maxillofacial trauma at a tertiary center in North West Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:373. [PMID: 28789668 PMCID: PMC5549360 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maxillofacial injury poses a challenge to oral and maxillofacial surgeons working in developing countries with limited resource and human power. The present study aimed to determine the etiology, pattern, and management of maxillofacial trauma in Gondar university of Gondar hospital. METHODS A retrospective descriptive study design was used. Medical registration retrieving of patients with maxillofacial trauma visited dental center of University of Gondar Hospital from September 2013 to August 2015 was done. During data collection, etiology of trauma, pattern of fracture, treatment modality and complications were recorded using predesigned data collection template and analyzed using SPSS computer software version 20. Statistical analysis was done to show the sex distribution of maxillofacial trauma and the effect of alcohol intake on the incidence of trauma. RESULTS During 2-year period, September 2013-August 2015, 326 patients of maxillofacial trauma were treated in the dental center of university of Gondar hospital. The mean age was 29.12 (± 8.62) with age range of 11-75 years. Majority of the study participants (47.2%) were within the age group of 21-30 years. Eighty percent of the participants were male with a male to female ratio of 4.02:1. Interpersonal violence (75.8%) and Road traffic accident (21.5%) were the leading causes. Males are at high risk of maxillofacial trauma relative to females (P < 0.0001). There was high incidence of trauma in the weekend, rural residents, December to February, mandibular fractures and soft tissue injuries were the most common injuries. There was an associated injury in 79 (24.2%) patients in head and neck area, thoracic, abdominal and extremities. Half of the patients were managed conservatively (49.7%) with debridement and suture, while 45.7% of the patients were closed reduction and 4.6% were surgical open reduction. There were 25 post procedure complications especially in mandibular fractures. CONCLUSION Interpersonal violence was the major cause of maxillofacial trauma, while mandible and soft tissue were the most affected maxillofacial areas. The federal ministry of health, Ethiopia should have well-organized maxillofacial center in tertiary hospitals for emergency management to avoid morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amare Teshome
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getaneh Andualem
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Rediet Tsegie
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Seifu
- Department of Stomatology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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da Nóbrega LM, Bernardino ÍDM, Barbosa KGN, E Silva JAL, Massoni ACDLT, d'Avila S. Pattern of oral-maxillofacial trauma from violence against women and its associated factors. Dent Traumatol 2017; 33:181-188. [PMID: 28186694 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Violence against women is a global public health problem. The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of women victims of violence and identify factors associated with maxillofacial injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed based on an evaluation of 884 medico-legal and social records of women victims of physical aggression treated at the Center of Forensic Medicine and Dentistry in Brazil. The variables investigated were related to the sociodemographic characteristics of victims, circumstances of aggressions, and patterns of trauma. Descriptive and multivariate statistics using decision tree analysis by the Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) algorithm, as well as univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The occurrence of maxillofacial trauma was 46.4%. The mean age of victims was 29.38 (SD=12.55 years). Based on decision tree, the profile of violence against women can be explained by the aggressor's gender (P<.001) and sociodemographic characteristics of victims, such as marital status (P=.001), place of residence (P=.019), and educational level (P=.014). Based on the final Poisson regression model, women living in suburban areas were more likely to suffer maxillofacial trauma (PR=1.752; CI 95%=1.153-2.662; P=.009) compared to those living in rural areas. Moreover, aggression using a weapon resulted in a lower occurrence of maxillofacial trauma (PR=0.476; CI 95%=0.284-0.799; P=.005) compared to cases of aggression using physical force. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of oral-maxillofacial trauma was high, and the main associated factors were place of residence and mechanism of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sérgio d'Avila
- Department of Dentistry and Public Health, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil
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Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Maxillofacial Injuries in Brazil, a 5-year Retrospective Study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2016; 17:169-174. [PMID: 29618881 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-016-0994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The etiology and epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries varies widely in different regions of the world due to socioeconomic status, cultural aspects in addition to road traffic and drug consumption. The aim of this study is to determine major causes and epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial trauma in a 5-year period. Materials and methods Reports of corporal trauma (n = 25,632) from 2007 to 2011 in the Department of Forensic Medicine were analyzed as to the presence of maxillofacial injuries. Data were submitted to Chi square test and to multivariate Poisson regression. Results 3262 reports referred maxillofacial trauma. The majority were men (55.8%), single (68.9%), most of them white (75.7%). The average age was 28.9 years (SD = 8.42), and victims with age between 16 and 30 years old were the most affected (48.0%). Women comprised 44% of total sample, 67.8% (971) were single, 76% (1.076) white and 46% (691) aged between 16 and 30 years old. Middle third injuries were associated after adjustment with females (PR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.11), non-white subjects (PR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01-1.12) and physical aggression (PR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02-1.13). Injuries in the oral region was more prevalent in men (PR 1.24; 95% CI 1.09-1.41), in those aged between 16 and 30 (PR 1.97; 95% CI 1.48-2.61) and in subjects with injuries caused by traffic accident (PR 1.21; 95% CI 1.02-1.44). The presence of injuries in the lower third of face remained associated in the final model only with traffic accident (PR 1.75; 95% CI 1.43-2.15). Conclusion Health care practitioners must recognize vulnerable population and most prevalent sites of lesion to identify cases of violence.
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Adult femicide victims in forensic autopsy in Taiwan: A 10-year retrospective study. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 266:80-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Long SJ, Fone D, Gartner A, Bellis MA. Demographic and socioeconomic inequalities in the risk of emergency hospital admission for violence: cross-sectional analysis of a national database in Wales. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011169. [PMID: 27558900 PMCID: PMC5013358 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the risk of emergency hospital admissions for violence (EHAV) associated with demographic and socioeconomic factors in Wales between 2007/2008 and 2013/2014, and to describe the site of injury causing admission. DESIGN Database analysis of 7 years' hospital admissions using the Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Wales, UK, successive annual populations ∼2.8 million aged 0-74 years. PRIMARY OUTCOME The first emergency admission for violence in each year of the study, defined by the International Classification of Diseases V.10 (ICD-10) codes for assaults (X85-X99, Y00-Y09) in any coding position. RESULTS A total of 11 033 admissions for assault. The majority of admissions resulted from head injuries. The overall crude admission rate declined over the study period, from 69.9 per 100 000 to 43.2 per 100 000, with the largest decrease in the most deprived quintile of deprivation. A generalised linear count model with a negative binomial log link, adjusted for year, age group, gender, deprivation quintile and settlement type, showed the relative risk was highest in age group 18-19 years (RR=6.75, 95% CI 5.88 to 7.75) compared with the reference category aged 10-14 years. The risk decreased with age after 25 years. Risk of admission was substantially higher in males (RR=4.55, 95% CI 4.31 to 4.81), for residents of the most deprived areas of Wales (RR=3.60, 95% CI 3.32 to 3.90) compared with the least deprived, and higher in cities (RR=1.37, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.49) and towns (RR=1.32, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.45) compared with villages. CONCLUSIONS Despite identifying a narrowing in the gap between prevalence of violence in richer and poorer communities, violence remains strongly associated with young men living in areas of socioeconomic deprivation. There is potential for a greater reduction, given that violence is mostly preventable. Recommendations for reducing inequalities in the risk of admission for violence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jayne Long
- DECIPHer, UKCRC Centre of Excellence, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David Fone
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrea Gartner
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Olojede A, Gbotolorun OM, Ogundana OM, Emeka IC, Emmanuel MM, Oluseye S, Runsewe O. PATTERN OF ASSAULT-RELATED MAXILLOFACIAL INJURIES TREATED AT THE GENERAL HOSPITAL, LAGOS, NIGERIA. JOURNAL OF THE WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2016; 6:68-82. [PMID: 28856125 PMCID: PMC5555727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human face often constitutes the first point of contact in various human interactions and it is frequently the preferred target for blows in assault cases. AIM To analyze the pattern of assault-related maxillofacial injuries treated at the General Hospital, Lagos over a period of one year. METHODOLOGY This is one year prospective study of assault-related maxillofacial injuries treated at the Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Centre, General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. A face-to-face interviewer-administered structured proforma was used to obtain information from study subjects. RESULTS Thirty-three patients with maxillofacial injuries met the inclusion criteria for this study. Their age ranged between 16 and 48 years with a mean age of 28.2 ± 7.4 years. There were 25(75.8%) males and 8(24.2%) females with a male/female ratio of 3:1. Majority of the patients, 24(72.7%) did not have any skilled employment while the remaining 9(27.3%) were road transport workers, specifically commercial bus drivers and motorcycle riders. The most frequently seen soft tissue injury was contusion which accounted for 17(51.5%) cases while 13 (39%) of the patients sustained mandibular fracture which was the most common hard tissue injury. CONCLUSION Assault-related maxillofacial injuries are most common amongst young adult males who are not skillfully employed; this can be attributed to the increased disposition to violence in males in our environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - O M Ogundana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/Biology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I C Emeka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M M Emmanuel
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sab Oluseye
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, General Hospital, Lagos Island, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Runsewe
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, General Hospital, Lagos Island, Lagos, Nigeria
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A study on the pattern of maxillofacial injury in patients reporting to a tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY, MEDICINE, AND PATHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dourado SDM, Noronha CV. Marcas visíveis e invisíveis: danos ao rosto feminino em episódios de violência conjugal. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2015; 20:2911-20. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015209.19012014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este artigo aborda os danos ao rosto feminino provocados por parceiro íntimo à luz do pressuposto cultural da face como locus corporal privilegiado e de alto valor simbólico. Com aporte quanti-qualitativo, o estudo objetivou: estimar a prevalência de lesões na face, cabeça e pescoço de mulheres agredidas pelo parceiro; apreender os significados, na visão das vítimas, das marcas originárias da violência; e investigar questões acerca do cuidado em saúde no tratamento dos agravos. Os dados estatísticos foram obtidos em boletins de ocorrência da Delegacia Especial de Atendimento à Mulher de Salvador, Bahia, e a fase qualitativa da pesquisa constou de entrevistas com mulheres que recorreram à delegacia para denunciar o agressor. Estimou-se que, em 63,2% dos casos estudados, houve trauma na face e/ou cabeça e/ou pescoço da mulher agredida. A análise das falas revelou que os danos faciais, sobretudo os permanentes, tendem a produzir sentimentos de autodepreciação, humilhação e vergonha na vítima, gerando acentuado sofrimento psíquico. Ficou evidenciado que a atenção em saúde limitou-se aos aspectos físicos da vitimização, sem a percepção da violência conjugal como problema de saúde e consequente ausência de referenciamento das usuárias à rede de assistência à mulher em situação de violência.
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Zhou HH, Liu Q, Yang RT, Li Z, Li ZB. Maxillofacial Fractures in Women and Men: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 73:2181-8. [PMID: 26296597 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the demographic characteristics of maxillofacial fractures between women and men in China. PATIENTS AND METHODS The sample was composed of all patients who sustained maxillofacial fractures during a 10-year period (2000 through 2009). Incidences, age distributions, etiologies, fracture patterns, associated injuries, and occupation distributions were recorded and analyzed. Data analysis included the χ(2) test, the Fisher exact test, and the t test. A P value less than .05 was considered significant. RESULTS There were 1,131 patients (881 male and 250 female) who sustained maxillofacial fractures, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.5:1. Male patients sustained injuries most frequently during the autumn (P = .048), whereas female patients sustained more maxillofacial injuries during the summer (P = .006). Men sustained motorcycle (P = .023) and assault-related accidents (P = .036) more frequently than women, whereas women were more frequently injured in bicycle-related accidents (P < .001) or falling while at ground level (P = .001) than men. Women presented more frequently with condylar fracture than men (P = .028), whereas men were more prone to symphysis fractures than women (P = .037). For drivers, only men were involved (P = .001). Male workers sustained maxillofacial fractures more frequently than female workers (P < .001). Female children, students, and company staff were more prone to maxillofacial fractures than their male counterparts (P = .010, P = .004, and P = .044 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The demographic characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in female patients considerably differ from those in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Zhou
- Resident, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Resident, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong-Tao Yang
- Resident, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zu-Bing Li
- Professor, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Maxillary chronic osteomyelitis caused by domestic violence: a diagnostic challenge. Case Rep Dent 2015; 2014:930169. [PMID: 25610667 PMCID: PMC4291137 DOI: 10.1155/2014/930169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillary osteomyelitis is a rare condition defined as inflammation of the bone primarily caused by odontogenic bacteria, with trauma being the second leading cause. The present report documents a rare case of maxillary osteomyelitis in a 38-year-old female who was the victim of domestic violence approximately a year prior to presentation. Intraoral examination revealed a lesion appearing as exposed bony sequestrum, with significant destruction of gingiva and alveolar mucosa in the maxillary right quadrant, accompanied by significant pain, local edema, and continued purulence. Teeth numbers 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 were mobile, not responsive to percussion, and nonvital. Treatment included antibiotic therapy for seven days followed by total enucleation of the necrotic bone tissue and extraction of the involved teeth. Microscopic findings confirmed the clinical diagnosis of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis. Six months postoperatively, the treated area presented complete healing and there was no sign of recurrence of the lesion.
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Wong JYH, Choi AWM, Fong DYT, Wong JKS, Lau CL, Kam CW. Patterns, aetiology and risk factors of intimate partner violence-related injuries to head, neck and face in Chinese women. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:6. [PMID: 24410868 PMCID: PMC3893604 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) related injuries have been recognized among health care professionals. However, few studies have provided detailed information on injuries to the head, neck and face regions in Chinese women. As abused Chinese women are generally unwilling to disclose IPV and there are differences in socio-demographic characteristics, societal norms and behaviours, the women may exhibit different patterns, aetiology and risk factors of IPV-related HNF injuries. This study aims to examine the patterns of head, neck and face injuries presenting to Accident and Emergency departments, including the anatomical regions, types, severity, aetiology and demographic and non-demographic risk factors of injuries inflicted by intimate partners in Chinese context. Methods Medical charts of 223 women presented to the Accident and Emergency departments of two regional hospitals in Hong Kong between January 2010 and December 2011 were reviewed independently by two reviewers. Results Head, neck and face injuries remained the most common injuries found in abused Chinese women (77.6%), and punching with a fist was the most common aetiology (60.2%). In particular, punching with a fist was significantly associated on the upper third of the maxillofacial region (p = .01) and the back part of the head (p = .03). Moreover, cohabiting and separated women were more likely to have multiple injuries than those who were married (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.4, 7.8; OR = 2.1, 95% CI = .4, 11.9). Conclusions The findings enhance the understanding of head, neck and face injuries and inform clinicians about the linkage among injuries and risks in abused Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Yuen-Ha Wong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M,W, Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China.
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Olayemi AB, Adeniyi AO, Samuel U, Emeka OA. Pattern, severity, and management of cranio-maxillofacial soft-tissue injuries in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2013; 6:235-40. [PMID: 24339654 PMCID: PMC3841528 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2700.120362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pattern of craniofacial soft-tissue injuries occurring either in isolation or in association with fractures vary in different societies and is multiply influenced. The effects are enormous because of the prominence of the face; therefore, the purpose of this study was to document any changing pattern, severity and management of these craniofacial injuries in our center. Patients and Method: Cranio-maxillofacial region was classified into upper, middle and lower face. The cause, type, and site of the injuries were documented. Gunshot injuries were further categorized as penetrating, perforating or avulsions. Further, classification of injuries into mild, moderate, and severe was carried out based on multiple factors. Result: A total of 126 patients with soft-tissue injuries presented to our hospital out of which 85 (67.5%) were males and 41 (32.5) were females. The age range of the patients was between 10 months and 90 years with a mean ± SD of 26.4 ± 15.5 years. Road traffic accident was the most common etiology of which vehicular accidents constituted 50 (54.9%) and the motorcycle was 2 (2.2%). Assault contributed 16 (17.6%) while cases due to gun shots were 13 (14.3%). A total of 19 (15.1%) patients had associated head injuries, 11 (8.7%) patients had craniofacial fractures involving any of the bones while 3 (2.4%) patients had limb fractures and 2 (1.6%) patients had rib fractures. There were 51 (41.8%) cases classified as mild injuries, 37 (30.3%) cases as moderate injuries and 24 (19.7%) cases as severe injuries. Total of 126 cases managed, 121 (96.0%) received primary closure of the wounds while 5 (4.0%) received delayed closure under general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinbami Babatunde Olayemi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Hardwick L, James R. Domestic abuse – an under-reported problem in general dental practice? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:550-2, 554. [DOI: 10.12968/denu.2013.40.7.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard James
- Consultant Oromaxillofacial Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Foundation Trust
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Saddki N, Sulaiman Z, Ali SH, Tengku Hassan TNF, Abdullah S, Ab Rahman A, Tengku Ismail TA, Abdul Jalil R, Baharudin Z. Validity and reliability of the Malay version of WHO Women's Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2013; 28:2557-2580. [PMID: 23508088 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513479029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Women's Health and Life Experiences questionnaire measures the prevalence, health implications, and risk factors for domestic violence. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Malay version of World Health Organization (WHO) Women's Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire. Construct validity and reliability assessment of the Malay version of the questionnaire was done on 20 specific items that measure four types of intimate partner violence (IPV) act; controlling behaviors (CB), emotional violence (EV), physical violence (PV), and sexual violence (SV), which were considered as the domains of interest. Face-to-face interviewing method was used for data collection. A total of 922 women completed the interviews. The results showed that exploratory factor analysis of four factors with eigenvalues above 1 accounted for 63.83% of the variance. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that all items loaded above 0.40 and the majority of items loaded on factors that were generally consistent with the proposed construct. The internal consistency reliability was good. The Cronbach's α values ranged from 0.767 to 0.858 across domains. The Malay version of WHO Women's Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of women's health and experiences of IPV in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norkhafizah Saddki
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
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