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Willis EA, Burney R, Hales D, Ilugbusi LO, Tate DF, Nezami B, Clarke EC, Moore RH, Mathews E, Thompson M, Beckelheimer B, Ward DS. "My wellbeing-their wellbeing "- An eHealth intervention for managing obesity in early care and education: Protocol for the Go NAPSACC Cares cluster randomized control trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286912. [PMID: 37418363 PMCID: PMC10328321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To fully leverage the potential of the early care and education (ECE) setting for childhood obesity prevention, initiatives must not intervene solely at the organizational level, but rather they should also address the health needs of the ECE workers. Workers suffer disproportionately high rates of obesity, and have reported low confidence in modeling and promoting healthy eating and activity behaviors. However, information regarding the effectiveness of improving ECE workers' health behaviors or whether such improvements elicit meaningful change in the ECE environment and/or the children in their care is limited. METHOD The proposed study will integrate a staff wellness intervention into a nationally recognized, ECE obesity prevention initiative (Go NAPSACC). Go NAPSACC+ Staff Wellness program will be assessed using a clustered randomized controlled trial including 84 ECE centers, 168 workers, and 672 2-5-year-old children. Centers will be randomly assigned to 1) standard "Go NAPSACC" or 2) Go NAPSACC+ Staff Wellness. Outcome measures will assess impact on dietary intake and PA behaviors of 2-5-year-old children at 6 months (primary aim) and 12 months. Secondarily, we will compare the impact of the intervention on centers' implementation of healthy weight practices and the effect on ECE workers' diet quality and PA at 6- and 12 months. DISCUSSION This trial expects to increase our understanding of how ECE worker's personal health behaviors impact the health behaviors of the children in their care and the ECE environment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05656807, registered on 19 December 2022. Protocol version 1.0, 22 March 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A. Willis
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Regan Burney
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Derek Hales
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - LeAndra O. Ilugbusi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Deborah F. Tate
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brooke Nezami
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emily C. Clarke
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Renee H. Moore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Emma Mathews
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meredith Thompson
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brittany Beckelheimer
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dianne S. Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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ÇAĞIRAN YILMAZ F, ÖZÇELİK AÖ. Effects of maternal dietary patterns and maternal obesity on children's obesity. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1180801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The effects of dietary patterns and dietary statuses of mothers on childhood obesity have not been understood clearly yet. This study aims to evaluate the dietary patterns of mothers and their dietary statuses on the obesity of children.
Material and Method: This cross-sectional study included 295 mothers and their children, who were 2-6 years old. The participants' anthropometric measurements were carried out and the frequency of food consumption was also collected from the mothers in the study.
Results: In the study, it was determined that the children of the participating mothers, who had high levels of income and education, had higher probabilities of being overweight/obese. Overweight/obesity in children was found to be significantly associated with maternal overweight/obesity (B=4.04, p
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Vaughn AE, Hennink-Kaminski H, Moore R, Burney R, Chittams JL, Parker P, Luecking CT, Hales D, Ward DS. Evaluating a child care-based social marketing approach for improving children's diet and physical activity: results from the Healthy Me, Healthy We cluster-randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:775-784. [PMID: 33231679 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Child care-based interventions offer an opportunity to reach children at a young and impressionable age to support healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. Ideally, these interventions engage caregivers, including both childcare providers and parents, in united effort. This study evaluated the impact of the Healthy Me, Healthy We intervention on children's diet quality and physical activity. A sample of 853 three- to four-year-old children from 92 childcare centers were enrolled in this cluster-randomized control trial. Healthy Me, Healthy We was an 8-month, social marketing intervention delivered through childcare that encouraged caregivers (childcare providers and parents) to use practices that supported children's healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. Outcome measures, collected at baseline and post-intervention, assessed children's diet quality, physical activity, and BMI as well as caregivers' feeding and physical activity practices. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to assess change from baseline to post-intervention between intervention and control arms. No significant changes were noted in any of the outcome measures except for small improvements in children's sodium intake and select parent practices. Despite the negative findings, this study offers many lessons about the importance and challenges of effective parent engagement which is critical for meaningful changes in children's health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber E Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Heidi Hennink-Kaminski
- School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Renee Moore
- Biostats Collaboration Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Regan Burney
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jesse L Chittams
- Biostatistics Consulting Unit, Office of Nursing Research, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Courtney T Luecking
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Derek Hales
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Dianne S Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Neshteruk CD, Tripicchio GL, Lobaugh S, Vaughn AE, Luecking CT, Mazzucca S, Ward DS. Screen Time Parenting Practices and Associations with Preschool Children's TV Viewing and Weight-Related Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7359. [PMID: 34299807 PMCID: PMC8303526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine associations between screen time (ST) parenting practices and 2-5-year-old children's TV viewing and weight status. Data were collected from 252 parent-child dyads enrolled in a randomized parent-focused childhood obesity prevention trial from 2009-2012. ST parenting practices were assessed at baseline using a validated parent-reported survey. Parent-reported child TV viewing and objectively measured anthropometrics were assessed at baseline, post-intervention (35 weeks), and follow-up (59 weeks). Marginal effect models were developed to test the association between baseline ST parenting practices and children's TV viewing, BMI z-score, and waist circumference across all time points. Limiting/monitoring ST was associated with decreased weekly TV viewing (β = -1.79, 95% CI: -2.61; -0.95), while exposure to TV was associated with more weekly TV viewing over 59 weeks (β = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.71; 1.75). Greater parent use of ST as a reward was associated with increased child BMI z-score (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03; 0.27), while limiting/monitoring ST was associated with decreased BMI z-score (β = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.30; -0.01) and smaller waist circumference (β = -0.55, 95% CI: -1.04; -0.06) over the study period. These findings suggest that modifying parent ST practices may be an important strategy to reduce ST and promote healthy weight in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody D. Neshteruk
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, 200 Morris Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Gina L. Tripicchio
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Stephanie Lobaugh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Amber E. Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.E.V.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Courtney T. Luecking
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Stephanie Mazzucca
- Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | - Dianne S. Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.E.V.); (D.S.W.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Neshteruk CD, Mazzucca S, Vaughn AE, Jones DJ, Ward DS. Identifying patterns of physical activity and screen time parenting practices and associations with preschool children's physical activity and adiposity. Prev Med Rep 2020; 18:101068. [PMID: 32154095 PMCID: PMC7058893 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although physical activity and screen time parenting practices influence children's behaviors, little work has examined how these practices work in combination. The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of physical activity and screen time parenting practices, and examine differences in preschool children's physical activity, sedentary behavior, and adiposity among the identified patterns. Data were collected in 2009-2012 from 319 parent-child dyads enrolled in a randomized trial testing a parent-focused obesity prevention intervention. At baseline, physical activity and screen time parenting practices were assessed using a validated self-report survey. Children's physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using accelerometers and child anthropometrics were objectively measured. Latent profile analyses identified patterns of physical activity and screen time parenting practices. Differences in child outcomes were tested among the identified classes. Three parent classes were identified: Rewarders (n = 165), Activity Supportive (n = 98), and Screen Time Permissive (n = 56). Rewarder parents were characterized by the highest scores on using physical activity and screen time to reward or control children's behavior. Activity Supportive parents generally had the highest scores on practices to promote physical activity, while Screen Time Permissive parents had the highest scores on practices facilitating screen time. There were no differences in the mean child physical activity, sedentary behavior or BMI z-score among the three classes. Findings revealed distinct classes of parents that could provide modifiable targets for family-based physical activity promotion, but more work is needed examining the influence of these patterns longitudinally and in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody D. Neshteruk
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie Mazzucca
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amber E. Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Deborah J. Jones
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dianne S. Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Hodder RK, O'Brien KM, Tzelepis F, Wyse RJ, Wolfenden L. Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 5:CD008552. [PMID: 32449203 PMCID: PMC7273132 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008552.pub7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables in childhood increases the risk of future non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Testing the effects of interventions to increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, including those focused on specific child-feeding strategies or broader multicomponent interventions targeting the home or childcare environment is required to assess the potential to reduce this disease burden. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness, cost effectiveness and associated adverse events of interventions designed to increase the consumption of fruit, vegetables or both amongst children aged five years and under. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and two clinical trials registries to identify eligible trials on 25 January 2020. We searched Proquest Dissertations and Theses in November 2019. We reviewed reference lists of included trials and handsearched three international nutrition journals. We contacted authors of included trials to identify further potentially relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials, including cluster-randomised controlled trials and cross-over trials, of any intervention primarily targeting consumption of fruit, vegetables or both among children aged five years and under, and incorporating a dietary or biochemical assessment of fruit or vegetable consumption. Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts of identified papers; a third review author resolved disagreements. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risks of bias of included trials; a third review author resolved disagreements. Due to unexplained heterogeneity, we used random-effects models in meta-analyses for the primary review outcomes where we identified sufficient trials. We calculated standardised mean differences (SMDs) to account for the heterogeneity of fruit and vegetable consumption measures. We conducted assessments of risks of bias and evaluated the quality of evidence (GRADE approach) using Cochrane procedures. MAIN RESULTS We included 80 trials with 218 trial arms and 12,965 participants. Fifty trials examined the impact of child-feeding practices (e.g. repeated food exposure) in increasing child vegetable intake. Fifteen trials examined the impact of parent nutrition education only in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake. Fourteen trials examined the impact of multicomponent interventions (e.g. parent nutrition education and preschool policy changes) in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake. Two trials examined the effect of a nutrition education intervention delivered to children in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake. One trial examined the impact of a child-focused mindfulness intervention in increasing vegetable intake. We judged 23 of the 80 included trials as free from high risks of bias across all domains. Performance, detection and attrition bias were the most common domains judged at high risk of bias for the remaining trials. There is low-quality evidence that child-feeding practices versus no intervention may have a small positive effect on child vegetable consumption, equivalent to an increase of 5.30 grams as-desired consumption of vegetables (SMD 0.50, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.71; 19 trials, 2140 participants; mean post-intervention follow-up = 8.3 weeks). Multicomponent interventions versus no intervention has a small effect on child consumption of fruit and vegetables (SMD 0.32, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.55; 9 trials, 2961 participants; moderate-quality evidence; mean post-intervention follow-up = 5.4 weeks), equivalent to an increase of 0.34 cups of fruit and vegetables a day. It is uncertain whether there are any short-term differences in child consumption of fruit and vegetables in meta-analyses of trials examining parent nutrition education versus no intervention (SMD 0.13, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.28; 11 trials, 3050 participants; very low-quality evidence; mean post-intervention follow-up = 13.2 weeks). We were unable to pool child nutrition education interventions in meta-analysis; both trials reported a positive intervention effect on child consumption of fruit and vegetables (low-quality evidence). Very few trials reported long-term effectiveness (6 trials), cost effectiveness (1 trial) or unintended adverse consequences of interventions (2 trials), limiting our ability to assess these outcomes. Trials reported receiving governmental or charitable funds, except for four trials reporting industry funding. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Despite identifying 80 eligible trials of various intervention approaches, the evidence for how to increase children's fruit and vegetable consumption remains limited in terms of quality of evidence and magnitude of effect. Of the types of interventions identified, there was moderate-quality evidence that multicomponent interventions probably lead to, and low-quality evidence that child-feeding practice may lead to, only small increases in fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under. It is uncertain whether parent nutrition education or child nutrition education interventions alone are effective in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under. Our confidence in effect estimates for all intervention approaches, with the exception of multicomponent interventions, is limited on the basis of the very low to low-quality evidence. Long-term follow-up of at least 12 months is required and future research should adopt more rigorous methods to advance the field. This is a living systematic review. Living systematic reviews offer a new approach to review updating, in which the review is continually updated, incorporating relevant new evidence as it becomes available. Please refer to the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for the current status of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Hodder
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Kate M O'Brien
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Flora Tzelepis
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Wyse
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia
- Priority Research Centre in Health and Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Tang D, Bu T, Dong X. Are parental dietary patterns associated with children's overweight and obesity in China? BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:12. [PMID: 31926550 PMCID: PMC6954549 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is believed that parents have a great influence on their children’s dietary behaviours. However, it is not clear whether parental food patterns are associated with children’s nutritional status in China, which includes a vast territory with rich, diverse cultures. The goal of this project is to systematically study the associations between parental food intake and children’s overweight and obesity in China, according to children’s ages and regional differences. Methods Based on individual food consumption data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) package in 2011, cross-sectional studies have previously been conducted to analyse the association between different categories of food intake of parents and children. The current study extends this research by directly. Results Our analysis results show that parental food intake is highly correlated with children’s food intake, with the estimated coefficients of most food intake categories being greater than 0.5. Furthermore, this association between parental food intake and children’s overweight and obesity is most significant in young children, but it begins to weaken in relation to children aged between 13 and 18. Additionally, the associations between parental food intake and children’s overnutrition are more significant in rural areas than they are in urban areas. Conclusions The association between parental food intake and childhood overweight and obesity is significant, although it varies considerably according to food categories, children’s ages and area differences. These results show promise for intervening in the overnutrition of children by controlling household dietary patterns according to children’s developmental stages and regional differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisheng Tang
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Tao Bu
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Xuefan Dong
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
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Hodder RK, O'Brien KM, Stacey FG, Tzelepis F, Wyse RJ, Bartlem KM, Sutherland R, James EL, Barnes C, Wolfenden L. Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 2019:CD008552. [PMID: 31697869 PMCID: PMC6837849 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008552.pub6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables in childhood increases the risk of future non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Interventions to increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, such as those focused on specific child-feeding strategies and parent nutrition education interventions in early childhood may therefore be an effective strategy in reducing this disease burden. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness, cost effectiveness and associated adverse events of interventions designed to increase the consumption of fruit, vegetables or both amongst children aged five years and under. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and two clinical trials registries to identify eligible trials on 25 August 2019. We searched Proquest Dissertations and Theses in May 2019. We reviewed reference lists of included trials and handsearched three international nutrition journals. We contacted authors of included trials to identify further potentially relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials, including cluster-randomised controlled trials and cross-over trials, of any intervention primarily targeting consumption of fruit, vegetables or both among children aged five years and under, and incorporating a dietary or biochemical assessment of fruit or vegetable consumption. Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts of identified papers; a third review author resolved disagreements. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risks of bias of included trials; a third review author resolved disagreements. Due to unexplained heterogeneity, we used random-effects models in meta-analyses for the primary review outcomes where we identified sufficient trials. We calculated standardised mean differences (SMDs) to account for the heterogeneity of fruit and vegetable consumption measures. We conducted assessments of risks of bias and evaluated the quality of evidence (GRADE approach) using Cochrane procedures. MAIN RESULTS We included 78 trials with 214 trial arms and 13,746 participants. Forty-eight trials examined the impact of child-feeding practices (e.g. repeated food exposure) in increasing child vegetable intake. Fifteen trials examined the impact of parent nutrition education in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake. Fourteen trials examined the impact of multicomponent interventions (e.g. parent nutrition education and preschool policy changes) in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake. Two trials examined the effect of a nutrition education intervention delivered to children in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake. One trial examined the impact of a child-focused mindfulness intervention in increasing vegetable intake. We judged 20 of the 78 included trials as free from high risks of bias across all domains. Performance, detection and attrition bias were the most common domains judged at high risk of bias for the remaining trials. There is very low-quality evidence that child-feeding practices versus no intervention may have a small positive effect on child vegetable consumption equivalent to an increase of 4.45 g as-desired consumption of vegetables (SMD 0.42, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.60; 18 trials, 2004 participants; mean post-intervention follow-up = 8.2 weeks). Multicomponent interventions versus no intervention has a small effect on child consumption of fruit and vegetables (SMD 0.34, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.57; 9 trials, 3022 participants; moderate-quality evidence; mean post-intervention follow-up = 5.4 weeks), equivalent to an increase of 0.36 cups of fruit and vegetables per day. It is uncertain whether there are any short-term differences in child consumption of fruit and vegetables in meta-analyses of trials examining parent nutrition education versus no intervention (SMD 0.12, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.28; 11 trials, 3078 participants; very low-quality evidence; mean post-intervention follow-up = 13.2 weeks). We were unable to pool child nutrition education interventions in meta-analysis; both trials reported a positive intervention effect on child consumption of fruit and vegetables (low-quality evidence). Very few trials reported long-term effectiveness (6 trials), cost effectiveness (1 trial) and unintended adverse consequences of interventions (2 trials), limiting their assessment. Trials reported receiving governmental or charitable funds, except for four trials reporting industry funding. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Despite identifying 78 eligible trials of various intervention approaches, the evidence for how to increase children's fruit and vegetable consumption remains limited. There was very low-quality evidence that child-feeding practice may lead to, and moderate-quality evidence that multicomponent interventions probably lead to small increases in fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and younger. It is uncertain whether parent nutrition education interventions are effective in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and younger. Given that the quality of the evidence is very low or low, future research will likely change estimates and conclusions. Long-term follow-up of at least 12 months is required and future research should adopt more rigorous methods to advance the field. This is a living systematic review. Living systematic reviews offer a new approach to review updating, in which the review is continually updated, incorporating relevant new evidence as it becomes available. Please refer to the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for the current status of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Hodder
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
- University of NewcastlePriority Research Centre in Health and BehaviourCallaghanAustralia
| | - Kate M O'Brien
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
- University of NewcastlePriority Research Centre in Health and BehaviourCallaghanAustralia
| | - Fiona G Stacey
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
- University of NewcastlePriority Research Centre in Health and BehaviourCallaghanAustralia
- University of NewcastlePriority Research Centre in Physical Activity and NutritionCallaghanAustralia
| | - Flora Tzelepis
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
- University of NewcastlePriority Research Centre in Health and BehaviourCallaghanAustralia
| | - Rebecca J Wyse
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
- University of NewcastlePriority Research Centre in Health and BehaviourCallaghanAustralia
| | - Kate M Bartlem
- University of NewcastleSchool of PsychologyUniversity DriveCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia2308
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
- University of NewcastlePriority Research Centre in Health and BehaviourCallaghanAustralia
| | - Erica L James
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
| | - Courtney Barnes
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
- University of NewcastlePriority Research Centre in Health and BehaviourCallaghanAustralia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonAustralia
- University of NewcastlePriority Research Centre in Health and BehaviourCallaghanAustralia
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9
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Brown T, Moore TH, Hooper L, Gao Y, Zayegh A, Ijaz S, Elwenspoek M, Foxen SC, Magee L, O'Malley C, Waters E, Summerbell CD. Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 7:CD001871. [PMID: 31332776 PMCID: PMC6646867 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001871.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
EDITORIAL NOTE This Cochrane review is now out of date and should not be used for reference. It has been split into four age groups and updated. Please refer to the 5‐11 and 12‐18 age group Cochrane reviews which were published in May 2024: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015328.pub2 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015330.pub2 The 2‐4 age group Cochrane review is planned for publication in September 2024. BACKGROUND Prevention of childhood obesity is an international public health priority given the significant impact of obesity on acute and chronic diseases, general health, development and well-being. The international evidence base for strategies to prevent obesity is very large and is accumulating rapidly. This is an update of a previous review. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of a range of interventions that include diet or physical activity components, or both, designed to prevent obesity in children. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO and CINAHL in June 2015. We re-ran the search from June 2015 to January 2018 and included a search of trial registers. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of diet or physical activity interventions, or combined diet and physical activity interventions, for preventing overweight or obesity in children (0-17 years) that reported outcomes at a minimum of 12 weeks from baseline. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently extracted data, assessed risk-of-bias and evaluated overall certainty of the evidence using GRADE. We extracted data on adiposity outcomes, sociodemographic characteristics, adverse events, intervention process and costs. We meta-analysed data as guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and presented separate meta-analyses by age group for child 0 to 5 years, 6 to 12 years, and 13 to 18 years for zBMI and BMI. MAIN RESULTS We included 153 RCTs, mostly from the USA or Europe. Thirteen studies were based in upper-middle-income countries (UMIC: Brazil, Ecuador, Lebanon, Mexico, Thailand, Turkey, US-Mexico border), and one was based in a lower middle-income country (LMIC: Egypt). The majority (85) targeted children aged 6 to 12 years.Children aged 0-5 years: There is moderate-certainty evidence from 16 RCTs (n = 6261) that diet combined with physical activity interventions, compared with control, reduced BMI (mean difference (MD) -0.07 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.14 to -0.01), and had a similar effect (11 RCTs, n = 5536) on zBMI (MD -0.11, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.01). Neither diet (moderate-certainty evidence) nor physical activity interventions alone (high-certainty evidence) compared with control reduced BMI (physical activity alone: MD -0.22 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.44 to 0.01) or zBMI (diet alone: MD -0.14, 95% CI -0.32 to 0.04; physical activity alone: MD 0.01, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.13) in children aged 0-5 years.Children aged 6 to 12 years: There is moderate-certainty evidence from 14 RCTs (n = 16,410) that physical activity interventions, compared with control, reduced BMI (MD -0.10 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.05). However, there is moderate-certainty evidence that they had little or no effect on zBMI (MD -0.02, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.02). There is low-certainty evidence from 20 RCTs (n = 24,043) that diet combined with physical activity interventions, compared with control, reduced zBMI (MD -0.05 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.10 to -0.01). There is high-certainty evidence that diet interventions, compared with control, had little impact on zBMI (MD -0.03, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.01) or BMI (-0.02 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.06).Children aged 13 to 18 years: There is very low-certainty evidence that physical activity interventions, compared with control reduced BMI (MD -1.53 kg/m2, 95% CI -2.67 to -0.39; 4 RCTs; n = 720); and low-certainty evidence for a reduction in zBMI (MD -0.2, 95% CI -0.3 to -0.1; 1 RCT; n = 100). There is low-certainty evidence from eight RCTs (n = 16,583) that diet combined with physical activity interventions, compared with control, had no effect on BMI (MD -0.02 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.05); or zBMI (MD 0.01, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.07; 6 RCTs; n = 16,543). Evidence from two RCTs (low-certainty evidence; n = 294) found no effect of diet interventions on BMI.Direct comparisons of interventions: Two RCTs reported data directly comparing diet with either physical activity or diet combined with physical activity interventions for children aged 6 to 12 years and reported no differences.Heterogeneity was apparent in the results from all three age groups, which could not be entirely explained by setting or duration of the interventions. Where reported, interventions did not appear to result in adverse effects (16 RCTs) or increase health inequalities (gender: 30 RCTs; socioeconomic status: 18 RCTs), although relatively few studies examined these factors.Re-running the searches in January 2018 identified 315 records with potential relevance to this review, which will be synthesised in the next update. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Interventions that include diet combined with physical activity interventions can reduce the risk of obesity (zBMI and BMI) in young children aged 0 to 5 years. There is weaker evidence from a single study that dietary interventions may be beneficial.However, interventions that focus only on physical activity do not appear to be effective in children of this age. In contrast, interventions that only focus on physical activity can reduce the risk of obesity (BMI) in children aged 6 to 12 years, and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. In these age groups, there is no evidence that interventions that only focus on diet are effective, and some evidence that diet combined with physical activity interventions may be effective. Importantly, this updated review also suggests that interventions to prevent childhood obesity do not appear to result in adverse effects or health inequalities.The review will not be updated in its current form. To manage the growth in RCTs of child obesity prevention interventions, in future, this review will be split into three separate reviews based on child age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Brown
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
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Camp NL, Robert RC, Dawes CS, Kelly KP. Identification of Overweight and Obesity in Low-Income Minority Children by Pediatric Providers and Child Characteristics Associated With Underrecognition. J Pediatr Health Care 2019; 33:162-168. [PMID: 30172627 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood overweight and obesity remains prevalent. We sought to identify characteristics associated with correct coding of obese and overweight children ages 2-9 years by pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) in an urban, minority clinic. METHOD Samples included electronic health records pre- (n = 262) and post- (n = 244) provider training to implement an intervention aiming to improve consistency in obesity prevention and management guidelines from 15 providers. Analysis included descriptive statistics and simple logistic regression. RESULTS Child characteristics consistently associated with correct coding in both pre- and post-intervention included children with obese body mass index percentiles (vs. overweight) and older-aged children (vs. toddlers). Provider characteristics were not associated. DISCUSSION Improvements in coding overweight and obese children occurred post-intervention, yet many were missed. Knowledge of characteristics associated with missed coding can inform targeted training for PCPs to implement evidence-based obesity guidelines with full fidelity for all families.
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11
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Agaronov A, Ash T, Sepulveda M, Taveras EM, Davison KK. Inclusion of Sleep Promotion in Family-Based Interventions To Prevent Childhood Obesity. Child Obes 2018; 14:485-500. [PMID: 30109955 PMCID: PMC6422003 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sleep promotion in childhood may reduce the risk of obesity, but little is known of its inclusion in family-based interventions. This study examines the proportion and context of family-based interventions to prevent childhood obesity that promote child sleep. We drew on data from a recent systematic review and content analysis of family-based interventions for childhood obesity prevention published between 2008 and 2015, coupled with new data on sleep promotion strategies, designs, and measures. Out of 119 eligible family-based interventions to prevent childhood obesity, 24 (20%) promoted child sleep. In contrast, 106 (89%) interventions targeted diet, 97 (82%) targeted physical activity, and 63 (53%) targeted media use in children. Most interventions that promoted sleep were implemented in clinics (50%) and home-based settings (38%), conducted in the United States (57%), and included children 2-5 years of age (75%). While most interventions utilized a randomized controlled design (70%), only two examined the promotion of sleep independent of other energy-balance behaviors in a separate study arm. Sleep was predominately promoted by educating parents on sleep hygiene (e.g., age-appropriate sleep duration), followed by instructing parents on responsive feeding practices and limiting media use. One intervention promoted sleep by way of physical activity. A large number promoted sleep by way of bedtime routines. Most interventions measured children's sleep by parent report. Results demonstrate that sleep promotion is underrepresented and variable in family-based childhood obesity interventions. While opportunities exist for increasing its integration, researchers should consider harmonizing and being more explicit about their approach to sleep promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Agaronov
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Address correspondence to: Alen Agaronov, MS, RDN, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tayla Ash
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Martina Sepulveda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Elsie M. Taveras
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Division of General Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA
| | - Kirsten K. Davison
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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12
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Haines J, Downing KL, Tang L, Campbell KJ, Hesketh KD. Associations between maternal concern about child's weight and related behaviours and maternal weight-related parenting practices: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:104. [PMID: 30355337 PMCID: PMC6201542 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents influence their children’s weight-related behaviours through their parenting practices, which are often a focal point of obesity prevention interventions. This study examined associations of maternal concern about their child’s weight, dietary intake, physical activity, and media use with maternal food, physical activity, and media parenting practices. Methods Mothers (n = 310) reported their level of concern regarding their child’s weight and related behaviours and their weight-related parenting practices when their child was 5 years of age as part of the Melbourne Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) Program. We used linear regression analyses with estimation by generalized estimating equations to examine associations of maternal concern and maternal parenting practices. Results Slightly more than 60% of mothers reported at least one concern related to their children’s weight or related behaviours. Excessive media use was the most commonly endorsed concern among mothers (45.2%). Compared to mothers who were unconcerned about their child’s weight, mothers who were concerned about their child weighing too much reported higher levels of controlling feeding practices, i.e., restrictive feeding, lower levels of co-participation of physical activity, and higher levels of using media to control child behaviour. Mothers who were concerned their child weighed too little reported higher levels of controlling feeding practices, i.e., restrictive feeding, pressure to eat. Similarly, mothers who were concerned about their child’s eating (eating too much or too little) reported higher levels of controlling feeding practices. Mothers who were concerned about their child using too much media reported higher levels of using media to regulate their child’s behaviour and providing opportunities for their child to use media. Conclusion Mothers who were concerned about their child’s weight, dietary intake, physical activity and media use reported higher levels of controlling parenting practices, i.e., pressure to eat, and lower levels of health promoting parenting practices, i.e., co-participation in physical activity. Longitudinal research is needed to elucidate temporal order and specific mechanisms of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1H 2W1, Canada.
| | - Katherine L Downing
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lisa Tang
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1H 2W1, Canada
| | - Karen J Campbell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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13
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Vaughn AE, Martin CL, Ward DS. What matters most - what parents model or what parents eat? Appetite 2018; 126:102-107. [PMID: 29604319 PMCID: PMC5971159 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parents have a strong influence on their children's eating habits; however, researchers struggle to identify which food parenting practices to recommend. This study examined the influence of parents modeling of healthy eating ("parent role modeling") and parents' actual food intake ("parent dietary intake") on child diet quality, and explored whether these practices work together to influence children's diets. METHODS Baseline data from a larger intervention trial were used for this analysis. The sample included parents of preschool-age children from households with at least one overweight parent. The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire was used to assess parent modeling of healthy eating ("healthy modeling"). Three days of dietary recalls were used to collect parents' report of their own intake and their children's intake (excluding food at child care). Associations between parent healthy modeling and parent intake of healthy and unhealthy foods were explored using Pearson correlations. Associations between parent healthy modeling and parent Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score on child HEI score were examined with linear regression. Additionally, the interaction between parent healthy modeling and HEI score on child HEI score was tested. RESULTS Parent healthy modeling was significantly correlated with parent intake of healthy foodsLinear regression showed a significant association between parent modeling and child HEI score, even after controlling for parent diet (β = 3.08, SE = 0.87, p < 0.001). Children whose parents had high parent healthy modeling scores had higher HEI scores (mean = 61.5 ± 10.4) regardless of parent HEI score. We did not find evidence that parent healthy modeling and diet quality interact to influence child diet quality. CONCLUSIONS Parents' healthy modeling is an important practice in influencing children's diet quality, possibly more so than the quality of parents' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber E Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin L King Jr. Blvd, CB 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, United States.
| | - Chantel L Martin
- Department of Health Behavior in the Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
| | - Dianne S Ward
- Department of Nutrition in the Gillings School of Global Public Health and Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
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Hodder RK, O'Brien KM, Stacey FG, Wyse RJ, Clinton‐McHarg T, Tzelepis F, James EL, Bartlem KM, Nathan NK, Sutherland R, Robson E, Yoong SL, Wolfenden L. Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 5:CD008552. [PMID: 29770960 PMCID: PMC6373580 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008552.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables in childhood increases the risk of future non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Interventions to increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, such as those focused on specific child-feeding strategies and parent nutrition education interventions in early childhood may therefore be an effective strategy in reducing this disease burden. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness, cost effectiveness and associated adverse events of interventions designed to increase the consumption of fruit, vegetables or both amongst children aged five years and under. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and two clinical trials registries to identify eligible trials on 25 January 2018. We searched Proquest Dissertations and Theses in November 2017. We reviewed reference lists of included trials and handsearched three international nutrition journals. We contacted authors of included studies to identify further potentially relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials, including cluster-randomised controlled trials and cross-over trials, of any intervention primarily targeting consumption of fruit, vegetables or both among children aged five years and under, and incorporating a dietary or biochemical assessment of fruit or vegetable consumption. Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts of identified papers; a third review author resolved disagreements. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risks of bias of included studies; a third review author resolved disagreements. Due to unexplained heterogeneity, we used random-effects models in meta-analyses for the primary review outcomes where we identified sufficient trials. We calculated standardised mean differences (SMDs) to account for the heterogeneity of fruit and vegetable consumption measures. We conducted assessments of risks of bias and evaluated the quality of evidence (GRADE approach) using Cochrane procedures. MAIN RESULTS We included 63 trials with 178 trial arms and 11,698 participants. Thirty-nine trials examined the impact of child-feeding practices (e.g. repeated food exposure) in increasing child vegetable intake. Fourteen trials examined the impact of parent nutrition education in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake. Nine studies examined the impact of multicomponent interventions (e.g. parent nutrition education and preschool policy changes) in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake. One study examined the effect of a nutrition education intervention delivered to children in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake.We judged 14 of the 63 included trials as free from high risks of bias across all domains; performance, detection and attrition bias were the most common domains judged at high risk of bias for the remaining studies.There is very low quality evidence that child-feeding practices versus no intervention may have a small positive effect on child vegetable consumption equivalent to an increase of 3.50 g as-desired consumption of vegetables (SMD 0.33, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.54; participants = 1741; studies = 13). Multicomponent interventions versus no intervention may have a very small effect on child consumption of fruit and vegetables (SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.66; participants = 2009; studies = 5; low-quality evidence), equivalent to an increase of 0.37 cups of fruit and vegetables per day. It is uncertain whether there are any short-term differences in child consumption of fruit and vegetables in meta-analyses of trials examining parent nutrition education versus no intervention (SMD 0.12, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.28; participants = 3078; studies = 11; very low-quality evidence).Insufficient data were available to assess long-term effectiveness, cost effectiveness and unintended adverse consequences of interventions. Studies reported receiving governmental or charitable funds, except for four studies reporting industry funding. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Despite identifying 63 eligible trials of various intervention approaches, the evidence for how to increase children's fruit and vegetable consumption remains limited. There was very low- and low-quality evidence respectively that child-feeding practice and multicomponent interventions may lead to very small increases in fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and younger. It is uncertain whether parent nutrition education interventions are effective in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and younger. Given that the quality of the evidence is very low or low, future research will likely change estimates and conclusions. Long-term follow-up is required and future research should adopt more rigorous methods to advance the field.This is a living systematic review. Living systematic reviews offer a new approach to review updating, in which the review is continually updated, incorporating relevant new evidence as it becomes available. Please refer to the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for the current status of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Hodder
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Kate M O'Brien
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Fiona G Stacey
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority
Research Centre in Health Behaviour, and Priority Research Centre in
Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2287
| | - Rebecca J Wyse
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Tara Clinton‐McHarg
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Flora Tzelepis
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Erica L James
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research InstituteSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Kate M Bartlem
- University of NewcastleSchool of PsychologyUniversity DriveCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Nicole K Nathan
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Emma Robson
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2308
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15
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Understanding Out-of-Home Food Environment, Family Restaurant Choices, and Childhood Obesity with an Agent-Based Huff Model. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10051575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Webb HJ, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Scuffham PA, Scott R, Barber B. Family stress predicts poorer dietary quality in children: Examining the role of the parent-child relationship. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haley J. Webb
- School of Applied Psychology, Centre for Applied Health Economics, and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck
- School of Applied Psychology, Centre for Applied Health Economics, and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Paul A. Scuffham
- School of Applied Psychology, Centre for Applied Health Economics, and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Rani Scott
- School of Applied Psychology, Centre for Applied Health Economics, and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Bonnie Barber
- School of Applied Psychology, Centre for Applied Health Economics, and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
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17
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Hodder RK, Stacey FG, O'Brien KM, Wyse RJ, Clinton‐McHarg T, Tzelepis F, James EL, Bartlem KM, Nathan NK, Sutherland R, Robson E, Yoong SL, Wolfenden L. Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 1:CD008552. [PMID: 29365346 PMCID: PMC6491117 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008552.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables in childhood increases the risk of future chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness, cost effectiveness and associated adverse events of interventions designed to increase the consumption of fruit, vegetables or both amongst children aged five years and under. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and Embase to identify eligible trials on 25 September 2017. We searched Proquest Dissertations and Theses and two clinical trial registers in November 2017. We reviewed reference lists of included trials and handsearched three international nutrition journals. We contacted authors of included studies to identify further potentially relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials, including cluster-randomised controlled trials and cross-over trials, of any intervention primarily targeting consumption of fruit, vegetables or both among children aged five years and under, and incorporating a dietary or biochemical assessment of fruit or vegetable consumption. Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts of identified papers; a third review author resolved disagreements. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risks of bias of included studies; a third review author resolved disagreements. Due to unexplained heterogeneity, we used random-effects models in meta-analyses for the primary review outcomes where we identified sufficient trials. We calculated standardised mean differences (SMDs) to account for the heterogeneity of fruit and vegetable consumption measures. We conducted assessments of risks of bias and evaluated the quality of evidence (GRADE approach) using Cochrane procedures. MAIN RESULTS We included 55 trials with 154 trial arms and 11,108 participants. Thirty-three trials examined the impact of child-feeding practices (e.g. repeated food exposure) in increasing child vegetable intake. Thirteen trials examined the impact of parent nutrition education in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake. Eight studies examined the impact of multicomponent interventions (e.g. parent nutrition education and preschool policy changes) in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake. One study examined the effect of a nutrition intervention delivered to children in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake.We judged 14 of the 55 included trials as free from high risks of bias across all domains; performance, detection and attrition bias were the most common domains judged at high risk of bias for the remaining studies.Meta-analysis of trials examining child-feeding practices versus no intervention revealed a positive effect on child vegetable consumption (SMD 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15 to 0.61; n = 1509; 11 studies; very low-quality evidence), equivalent to a mean difference of 4.03 g of vegetables. There were no short-term differences in child consumption of fruit and vegetables in meta-analyses of trials examining parent nutrition education versus no intervention (SMD 0.11, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.28; n = 3023; 10 studies; very low-quality evidence) or multicomponent interventions versus no intervention (SMD 0.28, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.63; n = 1861; 4 studies; very low-quality evidence).Insufficient data were available to assess long-term effectiveness, cost effectiveness and unintended adverse consequences of interventions. Studies reported receiving governmental or charitable funds, except for three studies reporting industry funding. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Despite identifying 55 eligible trials of various intervention approaches, the evidence for how to increase children's fruit and vegetable consumption remains sparse. There was very low-quality evidence that child-feeding practice interventions are effective in increasing vegetable consumption in children aged five years and younger, however the effect size was very small and long-term follow-up is required. There was very low-quality evidence that parent nutrition education and multicomponent interventions are not effective in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and younger. All findings should be considered with caution, given most included trials could not be combined in meta-analyses. Given the very low-quality evidence, future research will very likely change estimates and conclusions. Such research should adopt more rigorous methods to advance the field.This is a living systematic review. Living systematic reviews offer a new approach to review updating, in which the review is continually updated, incorporating relevant new evidence as it becomes available. Please refer to the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for the current status of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Hodder
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Fiona G Stacey
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre in Health Behaviour, and Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2287
| | - Kate M O'Brien
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Rebecca J Wyse
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Tara Clinton‐McHarg
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Flora Tzelepis
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Erica L James
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research InstituteSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Kate M Bartlem
- University of NewcastleSchool of PsychologyUniversity DriveCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Nicole K Nathan
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Emma Robson
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2308
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Hennink-Kaminski H, Vaughn AE, Hales D, Moore RH, Luecking CT, Ward DS. Parent and child care provider partnerships: Protocol for the Healthy Me, Healthy We (HMHW) cluster randomized control trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2017; 64:49-57. [PMID: 29128650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formation of diet and physical activity habits begins during early childhood. However, many preschool-aged children in the United States do not achieve recommendations for a nutritious diet or active lifestyle. Two important spheres of influence, home and child care, could ensure that children receive consistent health messages. Innovative approaches that engage both parents and child care providers in a substantial way are needed. Social marketing, a promising approach for health promotion targeting children, uses principles that recognize the need to engage multiple stakeholders and to emphasize benefits and overcome barriers associated with behavior change. Yet, application of social marketing principles in interventions for preschool-age children is limited. METHODS Healthy Me, Healthy We (HMHW) is 2-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of a 8-month social marketing campaign on the diet and physical activity behaviors of preschool children (3-4years old), their parents, and child care providers. The campaign is delivered by the child care center and includes branded classroom and at-home activities and materials. Primary outcomes are children's diet quality (assessed with Healthy Eating Index scores) and minutes of non-sedentary activity (measured via accelerometers). Secondary outcomes assess children's body mass index, nutrition and physical activity practices at the child care center and at home, and health behaviors of child care providers and parents. CONCLUSION HMHW is an innovative approach to promoting healthy eating and physical activity in preschool children. The campaign targets children during a key developmental period and leverages a partnership between providers and parents to affect behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber E Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Derek Hales
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Reneé H Moore
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
| | - Courtney T Luecking
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Dianne S Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Hodder RK, Stacey FG, Wyse RJ, O'Brien KM, Clinton‐McHarg T, Tzelepis F, Nathan NK, James EL, Bartlem KM, Sutherland R, Robson E, Yoong SL, Wolfenden L. Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 9:CD008552. [PMID: 28945919 PMCID: PMC6483688 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008552.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables in childhood increases the risk of future chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness, cost effectiveness and associated adverse events of interventions designed to increase the consumption of fruit, vegetables or both amongst children aged five years and under. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase Classic and Embase to identify eligible trials on 30 September 2016. We searched CINAHL and PsycINFO in July 2016, Proquest Dissertations and Theses in November 2016 and three clinical trial registers in November 2016 and June 2017. We reviewed reference lists of included trials and handsearched three international nutrition journals. We contacted authors of included studies to identify further potentially relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials, including cluster-randomised controlled trials and cross-over trials, of any intervention primarily targeting consumption of fruit, vegetables or both among children aged five years and under, and incorporating a dietary or biochemical assessment of fruit or vegetable consumption. Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts of identified papers; a third review author resolved disagreements. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risks of bias of included studies; a third review author resolved disagreements. Due to unexplained heterogeneity, we used random-effects models in meta-analyses for the primary review outcomes where we identified sufficient trials. We calculated standardised mean differences (SMDs) to account for the heterogeneity of fruit and vegetable consumption measures.We conducted assessments of risks of bias and evaluated the quality of evidence (GRADE approach) using Cochrane procedures. MAIN RESULTS We included 50 trials with 137 trial arms and 10,267 participants. Thirty trials examined the impact of child-feeding practices (e.g. repeated food exposure) in increasing child vegetable intake. Eleven trials examined the impact of parent nutrition education in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake. Eight studies examined the impact of multicomponent interventions (e.g. parent nutrition education and preschool policy changes) in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake. One study examined the effect of a nutrition intervention delivered to children in increasing child fruit and vegetable intake.Thirteen of the 50 included trials were judged as free from high risks of bias across all domains; performance, detection and attrition bias were the most common domains judged at high risk of bias of remaining studies.Meta-analysis of trials examining child-feeding practices versus no intervention revealed a positive effect on child vegetable consumption (SMD 0.38, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.61; n = 1509; 11 studies; very low-quality evidence), equivalent to a mean difference of 4.03 grams of vegetables. There were no short-term differences in child consumption of fruit and vegetables in meta-analyses of trials examining parent nutrition education versus no intervention (SMD 0.11, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.28; n = 3023; 10 studies; very low-quality evidence) or multicomponent interventions versus no intervention (SMD 0.28, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.63; n = 1861; 4 studies; very low-quality evidence).Insufficient data were available to assess long-term effectiveness, cost effectiveness and unintended adverse consequences of interventions.Studies reported receiving governmental or charitable funds, except for two studies reporting industry funding. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Despite identifying 50 eligible trials of various intervention approaches, the evidence for how to increase fruit and vegetable consumption of children remains sparse. There was very low-quality evidence child-feeding practice interventions are effective in increasing vegetable consumption of children aged five years and younger, however the effect size was very small and long-term follow-up is required. There was very low-quality evidence that parent nutrition education and multicomponent interventions are not effective in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption of children aged five years and younger. All findings should be considered with caution, given most included trials could not be combined in meta-analyses. Given the very low-quality evidence, future research will very likely change estimates and conclusions. Such research should adopt more rigorous methods to advance the field.This is a living systematic review. Living systematic reviews offer a new approach to review updating, in which the review is continually updated, incorporating relevant new evidence as it becomes available. Please refer to the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for the current status of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Hodder
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Fiona G Stacey
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre in Health Behaviour, and Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2287
| | - Rebecca J Wyse
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2308
| | | | - Tara Clinton‐McHarg
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Flora Tzelepis
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Nicole K Nathan
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Erica L James
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research InstituteSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity DriveCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Kate M Bartlem
- University of NewcastleSchool of PsychologyUniversity DriveCallaghanAustralia2308
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Emma Robson
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthLocked Bag 10WallsendAustralia2287
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanAustralia2308
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Grummon AH, Vaughn A, Jones DJ, Ward DS. Cumulative Risk Exposure and Waist Circumference in Preschool-Aged Children: the Mediating Role of Television and Moderating Role of Sex. Ann Behav Med 2017; 51:489-499. [PMID: 28097514 PMCID: PMC5513794 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-016-9872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children exposed to multiple stressors are more likely to be overweight, but little is known about the mechanisms explaining this association. PURPOSE This cross-sectional study examined whether children exposed to multiple stressors had higher waist circumference, and whether this association was mediated through children's television time. METHODS Participants were 319 parent-child dyads. Children were 2-5 years old and had at least one overweight parent (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Data were collected at baseline of a larger childhood obesity prevention study and included information on psychosocial stressors (e.g., parenting stress), demographic stressors (e.g., low income), children's television time, and children's waist circumference. Two cumulative risk scores were created by summing stressors in each domain (demographic and psychosocial). Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. RESULTS Indirect effects of both cumulative risk scores on waist circumference through television time were not significant; however, moderated mediation analyses found significant moderation by gender. The indirect effects of both risk scores on waist circumference through television time were significant and positive for girls, but near-zero for boys. CONCLUSIONS Reducing television time should be explored as a strategy for buffering against the negative health effects of exposure to multiple stressors among girls. Longitudinal and intervention research is needed to confirm these results and to identify mediating factors between cumulative risk and body weight among boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Grummon
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amber Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deborah J Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dianne S Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 2200 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB no. 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA.
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Mead E, Brown T, Rees K, Azevedo LB, Whittaker V, Jones D, Olajide J, Mainardi GM, Corpeleijn E, O'Malley C, Beardsmore E, Al‐Khudairy L, Baur L, Metzendorf M, Demaio A, Ells LJ. Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 6:CD012651. [PMID: 28639319 PMCID: PMC6481885 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child and adolescent overweight and obesity has increased globally, and can be associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences. This is an update of a Cochrane review published first in 2003, and updated previously in 2009. However, the update has now been split into six reviews addressing different childhood obesity treatments at different ages. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions (behaviour-changing interventions) for the treatment of overweight or obese children aged 6 to 11 years. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS as well as trial registers ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP Search Portal. We checked references of studies and systematic reviews. We did not apply any language restrictions. The date of the last search was July 2016 for all databases. SELECTION CRITERIA We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions (behaviour-changing interventions) for treating overweight or obese children aged 6 to 11 years, with a minimum of six months' follow-up. We excluded interventions that specifically dealt with the treatment of eating disorders or type 2 diabetes, or included participants with a secondary or syndromic cause of obesity. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened references, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and evaluated the quality of the evidence using the GRADE instrument. We contacted study authors for additional information. We carried out meta-analyses according to the statistical guidelines in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. MAIN RESULTS We included 70 RCTs with a total of 8461 participants randomised to either the intervention or control groups. The number of participants per trial ranged from 16 to 686. Fifty-five trials compared a behaviour-changing intervention with no treatment/usual care control and 15 evaluated the effectiveness of adding an additional component to a behaviour-changing intervention. Sixty-four trials were parallel RCTs, and four were cluster RCTs. Sixty-four trials were multicomponent, two were diet only and four were physical activity only interventions. Ten trials had more than two arms. The overall quality of the evidence was low or very low and 62 trials had a high risk of bias for at least one criterion. Total duration of trials ranged from six months to three years. The median age of participants was 10 years old and the median BMI z score was 2.2.Primary analyses demonstrated that behaviour-changing interventions compared to no treatment/usual care control at longest follow-up reduced BMI, BMI z score and weight. Mean difference (MD) in BMI was -0.53 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.82 to -0.24); P < 0.00001; 24 trials; 2785 participants; low-quality evidence. MD in BMI z score was -0.06 units (95% CI -0.10 to -0.02); P = 0.001; 37 trials; 4019 participants; low-quality evidence and MD in weight was -1.45 kg (95% CI -1.88 to -1.02); P < 0.00001; 17 trials; 1774 participants; low-quality evidence.Thirty-one trials reported on serious adverse events, with 29 trials reporting zero occurrences RR 0.57 (95% CI 0.17 to 1.93); P = 0.37; 4/2105 participants in the behaviour-changing intervention groups compared with 7/1991 participants in the comparator groups). Few trials reported health-related quality of life or behaviour change outcomes, and none of the analyses demonstrated a substantial difference in these outcomes between intervention and control. In two trials reporting on minutes per day of TV viewing, a small reduction of 6.6 minutes per day (95% CI -12.88 to -0.31), P = 0.04; 2 trials; 55 participants) was found in favour of the intervention. No trials reported on all-cause mortality, morbidity or socioeconomic effects, and few trials reported on participant views; none of which could be meta-analysed.As the meta-analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity, we conducted subgroup analyses to examine the impact of type of comparator, type of intervention, risk of attrition bias, setting, duration of post-intervention follow-up period, parental involvement and baseline BMI z score. No subgroup effects were shown for any of the subgroups on any of the outcomes. Some data indicated that a reduction in BMI immediately post-intervention was no longer evident at follow-up at less than six months, which has to be investigated in further trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Multi-component behaviour-changing interventions that incorporate diet, physical activity and behaviour change may be beneficial in achieving small, short-term reductions in BMI, BMI z score and weight in children aged 6 to 11 years. The evidence suggests a very low occurrence of adverse events. The quality of the evidence was low or very low. The heterogeneity observed across all outcomes was not explained by subgrouping. Further research is required of behaviour-changing interventions in lower income countries and in children from different ethnic groups; also on the impact of behaviour-changing interventions on health-related quality of life and comorbidities. The sustainability of reduction in BMI/BMI z score and weight is a key consideration and there is a need for longer-term follow-up and further research on the most appropriate forms of post-intervention maintenance in order to ensure intervention benefits are sustained over the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Mead
- Teesside UniversityHealth and Social Care InstituteMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
| | - Tamara Brown
- Teesside UniversityHealth and Social Care InstituteMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
- Durham University Queen's CampusSchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and HealthDurhamUKTS17 6BH
| | - Karen Rees
- Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickDivision of Health SciencesCoventryUKCV4 7AL
| | - Liane B Azevedo
- Teesside UniversityHealth and Social Care InstituteMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
| | - Victoria Whittaker
- Teesside UniversityHealth and Social Care InstituteMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
| | - Dan Jones
- Teesside UniversityHealth and Social Care InstituteMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
| | - Joan Olajide
- Teesside UniversityHealth and Social Care InstituteMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
| | - Giulia M Mainardi
- School of Medicine, University of São PauloDepartment of Preventive MedicineSão PauloBrazilCEP 01246 903
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- University Medical Centre GroningenDepartment of EpidemiologyHanzeplein 1GroningenNetherlands9713 GZ
| | - Claire O'Malley
- Durham University Queen's CampusSchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and HealthDurhamUKTS17 6BH
| | | | - Lena Al‐Khudairy
- Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickDivision of Health SciencesCoventryUKCV4 7AL
| | - Louise Baur
- The University of SydneyDepartment of Paediatrics and Child HealthLocked Bag 4001WestmeadAustraliaNSW 2145
| | - Maria‐Inti Metzendorf
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfCochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders GroupMoorenstr. 5DüsseldorfGermany40225
| | | | - Louisa J Ells
- Teesside UniversityHealth and Social Care InstituteMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
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Camp NL, Robert RC, Nash JE, Lichtenstein CB, Dawes CS, Kelly KP. Modifying Provider Practice To Improve Assessment of Unhealthy Weight and Lifestyle in Young Children: Translating Evidence in a Quality Improvement Initiative for At-Risk Children. Child Obes 2017; 13:173-181. [PMID: 28121467 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2016.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We designed a quality improvement (QI) project to address the high prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB) in our patient population and the inconsistencies among primary care providers in recognizing and addressing OW/OB. METHODS We used mixed methods data collection approach to evaluate a QI project, the Childhood Healthy Behaviors Intervention (CHBI), to improve provider obesity prevention practice in two low-income, predominantly African American pediatric primary care clinics. Electronic record data were extracted from all 2-9 year well visits pre- and postintervention for frequency of appropriate diagnostic coding of OW/OB. We reviewed a random sample of records for details of health habit assessment and counseling documentation. Focused interviews were conducted to elicit provider responses regarding impressions of the intervention. RESULTS The preintervention sample of records (n = 267) was extracted from 18 providers and the postsample (n = 253) from 19 providers. Providers showed improvement in the recognition of OW/OB with appropriate diagnostic coding (52% pre, 68% post), improvement in assessment of health habits informed by the habit survey (0% pre, 76% post), improvement in counseling of healthy behaviors (86% pre, 92% post), and improvement in goal setting of healthy behaviors (12% pre, 70% post). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that implementing a time efficient primary care intervention with brief provider training can improve provider recognition of OW/OB, as well as improve provider behavior targeted at childhood obesity prevention. This project contributes needed QI evidence on interventions to prevent and address OW/OB in primary care settings and calls for further work to strengthen implementation in similar contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine L Camp
- 1 Goldberg Center for Community Pediatric Health , Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,2 School of Nursing, The Catholic University of America , Washington, DC.,3 School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, DC
| | - Rebecca C Robert
- 2 School of Nursing, The Catholic University of America , Washington, DC
| | - Jessica E Nash
- 1 Goldberg Center for Community Pediatric Health , Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,3 School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, DC
| | - Cara B Lichtenstein
- 1 Goldberg Center for Community Pediatric Health , Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,3 School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, DC
| | - Candice S Dawes
- 1 Goldberg Center for Community Pediatric Health , Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,3 School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University , Washington, DC
| | - Katherine Patterson Kelly
- 4 Department of Nursing Research and Quality Outcomes, Children's National Health System , Washington, DC
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May C, Chai LK, Burrows T. Parent, partner, co-parent or partnership? The need for clarity as family systems thinking takes hold in the quest to motivate behavioural change. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:E29. [PMID: 28430137 PMCID: PMC5406688 DOI: 10.3390/children4040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Research is increasingly pointing to the importance of extending the focus of childhood obesity intervention to include fathers, fathering figures, and other members of a child's primary parenting network. Advances in communication technology are now making it possible to achieve this aim, within current resources, using modalities such text messaging, web-based resources and apps that extend intervention to parents not in attendance at face to face interactions. However, published research is often unclear as to which parent/s they targeted or engaged with, whether interventions planned to influence behaviours and capabilities across family systems, and how this can be achieved. As childhood obesity research employing information technology to engage with family systems takes hold it is becoming important for researchers clearly describe who they engage with, what they hope to achieve with them, and the pathways of influence that they aim to activate. This paper integrates extant knowledge on family systems thinking, parenting efficacy, co-parenting, and family intervention with the way parents are represented and reported in childhood obesity research. The paper concludes with recommendations on terminology that can be used to describe parents and parenting figures in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris May
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia.
| | - Li Kheng Chai
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia.
| | - Tracy Burrows
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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Wright J, Fairley L, McEachan R, Bryant M, Petherick E, Sahota P, Santorelli G, Barber S, Lawlor DA, Taylor N, Bhopal R, Cameron N, West J, Hill A, Summerbell C, Farrin A, Ball H, Brown T, Farrar D, Small N. Development and evaluation of an intervention for the prevention of childhood obesity in a multiethnic population: the Born in Bradford applied research programme. PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar04060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThere is an absence of evidence about interventions to prevent or treat obesity in early childhood and in South Asian populations, in whom risk is higher.ObjectivesTo study patterns and the aetiology of childhood obesity in a multiethnic population and develop a prevention intervention.DesignA cohort of pregnant women and their infants was recruited. Measures to compare growth and identify targets for obesity prevention, sensitive to ethnic differences, were collected. A feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) was undertaken.SettingBradford, UK.ParticipantsA total of 1735 mothers, 933 of whom were of South Asian origin.InterventionA feasibility trial of a group-based intervention aimed at overweight women, delivered ante- and postnatally, targeting key modifiable lifestyle behaviours to reduce infant obesity.Main outcome measuresThe feasibility and acceptability of the pilot intervention.Data sourcesRoutine NHS data and additional bespoke research data.Review methodsA systematic review of diet and physical activity interventions to prevent or treat obesity in South Asian children and adults.ResultsRoutine measures of growth were accurate. The prevalence of risk factors differed between mothers of white British ethnicity and mothers of Pakistani ethnicity and weight and length growth trajectories differed between Pakistani infants and white British infants. Prediction equations for risk of childhood obesity were developed. An evidence-based intervention was evaluated in a pilot RCT and was found to be feasible and acceptable.LimitationsThis was a single-centre observational study and a pilot evaluation.ConclusionsThe programme has been successful in recruiting a unique multiethnic childhood obesity cohort, which has provided new evidence about modifiable risk factors and biethnic growth trajectories. A novel group-based behavioural change intervention has been developed and successfully piloted. A multisite cluster RCT is required to evaluate effectiveness.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN56735429.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Lesley Fairley
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Rosemary McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Maria Bryant
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Emily Petherick
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Pinki Sahota
- School of Health and Wellbeing, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Gillian Santorelli
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Sally Barber
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Natalie Taylor
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Raj Bhopal
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Noel Cameron
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Andrew Hill
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Carolyn Summerbell
- Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Amanda Farrin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Helen Ball
- Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Tamara Brown
- Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Diane Farrar
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Neil Small
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Walton K, Filion AJ, Gross D, Morrongiello B, Darlington G, Randall Simpson J, Hou S, Haines J. Parents and Tots Together: Pilot randomized controlled trial of a family-based obesity prevention intervention in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2016; 106:e555-62. [PMID: 26986919 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.106.5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary impact of Parents and Tots Together (PTT), a family-based obesity prevention intervention, in Canada. PARTICIPANTS Canadian parents of preschoolers (aged 2-5 years). SETTING Ontario Early Years centres in southwestern Ontario. INTERVENTION A pilot randomized controlled trial involving 48 parents who received either the PTT intervention (n = 27) or an attention-matched control home safety intervention (n = 21). To evaluate the feasibility of PTT, we assessed participant retention and outcome evaluation completion rates. To evaluate acceptability, we assessed program attendance and parents' responses to program satisfaction surveys. To evaluate preliminary impact, we assessed children's body mass index (BMI) at baseline, after intervention (end of 9-week intervention) and at 9-month follow-up. As well, at each time point, parents completed surveys assessing stress and self-efficacy related to parenting, children's sleep, activity, TV viewing and diet. OUTCOMES Retention rates were high in the intervention (93%) and control (84%) study arms, and 87% of parents reported that they would highly recommend PTT to a friend. At 9-month follow-up, intervention parents reported lower parenting stress (β^ = 15.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] -29.57, -2.07, p = 0.02) and greater self-efficacy in managing their child's behaviour (β^ = 0.16, 95% CI 0.002, 0.33, p = 0.05) than control parents. PTT had minimal influence on children's weight-related behaviours and BMI. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that PTT can feasibly be implemented and tested in the Canadian context. Preliminary impact results suggest that the program may be effective in changing general parenting; however, program content should be modified to adequately address children's weight-related behaviours.
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Haines J, Rifas-Shiman SL, Gross D, McDonald J, Kleinman K, Gillman MW. Randomized trial of a prevention intervention that embeds weight-related messages within a general parenting program. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:191-9. [PMID: 26638185 PMCID: PMC4847937 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the extent to which an obesity prevention intervention that embeds obesity-related messages within a parenting program, compared with controls who received weekly mailings, resulted in a smaller increase in children's BMI (primary outcome) and improvements in weight-related behaviors from baseline to 9-month follow-up. METHODS Fifty-six families were randomly assigned to the intervention and 56 to control. Children were primarily Hispanic (58%) or Black/African American (23%). Intervention included nine weekly: group parenting sessions, children's sessions, and homework assignments. At baseline, post-intervention, and 9-month follow-up, staff assessed children's weight and height. Parents completed surveys assessing parenting skills, feeding behaviors, and children's weight-related behaviors. RESULTS From baseline to 9-month follow-up, BMI decreased by a mean of 0.13 kg m(-2) among children in the intervention and increased by 0.21 kg m(-2) among children in the control, resulting in a nonsignificant difference (multivariate adjusted difference = -0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.23, 0.51; P = 0.41). Parents in the intervention decreased restrictive feeding practices relative to control (-0.30; 95% CI -0.53, -0.07; P = 0.01). Intervention and control arms showed similar changes in children's weight-related behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The intervention improved restrictive feeding but did not influence children's BMI or weight-related behaviors compared to controls who received weekly mailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Gross
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julia McDonald
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Ken Kleinman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew W. Gillman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Emotional availability, understanding emotions, and recognition of facial emotions in obese mothers with young children. J Psychosom Res 2016; 80:44-52. [PMID: 26721547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research has identified mother-child relationships of low quality as possible risk factors for childhood obesity. However, it remains open how mothers' own obesity influences the quality of mother-child interaction, and particularly emotional availability (EA). Also unclear is the influence of maternal emotional competencies, i.e. understanding emotions and recognizing facial emotions. This study aimed to (1) investigate differences between obese and normal-weight mothers regarding mother-child EA, maternal understanding emotions and recognition of facial emotions, and (2) explore how maternal emotional competencies and maternal weight interact with each other in predicting EA. A better understanding of these associations could inform strategies of obesity prevention especially in children at risk. METHODS We assessed EA, understanding emotions and recognition of facial emotions in 73 obese versus 73 normal-weight mothers, and their children aged 6 to 47 months (Mchild age=24.49, 80 females). RESULTS Obese mothers showed lower EA and understanding emotions. Mothers' normal weight and their ability to understand emotions were positively associated with EA. The ability to recognize facial emotions was positively associated with EA in obese but not in normal-weight mothers. Maternal weight status indirectly influenced EA through its effect on understanding emotions. CONCLUSION Maternal emotional competencies may play an important role for establishing high EA in interaction with the child. Children of obese mothers experience lower EA, which may contribute to overweight development. We suggest including elements that aim to improve maternal emotional competencies and mother-child EA in prevention or intervention programmes targeting childhood obesity.
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Stevens J, Ou FS, Truesdale KP, Zeng D, Vaughn AE, Pratt C, Ward DS. A suggested approach for imputation of missing dietary data for young children in daycare. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:28626. [PMID: 26689313 PMCID: PMC4685296 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.28626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parent-reported 24-h diet recalls are an accepted method of estimating intake in young children. However, many children eat while at childcare making accurate proxy reports by parents difficult. Objective The goal of this study was to demonstrate a method to impute missing weekday lunch and daytime snack nutrient data for daycare children and to explore the concurrent predictive and criterion validity of the method. Design Data were from children aged 2-5 years in the My Parenting SOS project (n=308; 870 24-h diet recalls). Mixed models were used to simultaneously predict breakfast, dinner, and evening snacks (B+D+ES); lunch; and daytime snacks for all children after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). From these models, we imputed the missing weekday daycare lunches by interpolation using the mean lunch to B+D+ES [L/(B+D+ES)] ratio among non-daycare children on weekdays and the L/(B+D+ES) ratio for all children on weekends. Daytime snack data were used to impute snacks. Results The reported mean (± standard deviation) weekday intake was lower for daycare children [725 (±324) kcal] compared to non-daycare children [1,048 (±463) kcal]. Weekend intake for all children was 1,173 (±427) kcal. After imputation, weekday caloric intake for daycare children was 1,230 (±409) kcal. Daily intakes that included imputed data were associated with age and sex but not with BMI. Conclusion This work indicates that imputation is a promising method for improving the precision of daily nutrient data from young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Stevens
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;
| | - Fang-Shu Ou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amber E Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charlotte Pratt
- Clinical Application and Prevention Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dianne S Ward
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Cowgill BO, Chung PJ, Thompson LR, Elijah J, Lamb S, Garcia VP, Bastani R. Parents' views on engaging families of middle school students in obesity prevention and control in a multiethnic population. Prev Chronic Dis 2014; 11:E54. [PMID: 24698532 PMCID: PMC3976231 DOI: 10.5888/pcd11.130138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Overweight and obesity remain significant public health risks for youth in the United States, particularly among racial/ethnic minority groups. Efforts at obesity prevention and control have targeted youth and family members in diverse settings. Although involving parents in obesity prevention programs for youth may improve the potential of these programs, less is known about parents’ preferred methods of engagement, especially among racial/ethnic minority parents and parents whose primary language is not English. In this qualitative study, parents of middle-school–aged children were asked how best to engage their children in obesity prevention and control efforts. Methods We recruited 38 parents whose children attended Los Angeles middle schools to participate in focus groups. Two English-language focus groups with 14 parents of different racial/ethnic backgrounds and 2 Spanish language groups with 24 Latino parents were conducted from 2010 through 2011. We analyzed focus group transcripts by using content analysis using inductive and deductive techniques. Results Findings from focus groups confirmed that parents want to help their children avoid obesity but feel constrained in their ability to take action. Participants identified an overarching desire to become better parents as a potential incentive to engage in obesity prevention efforts. Parents advocated for family-focused approaches in obesity prevention programs, including family sports leagues and cooking classes. Most findings were consistent between language groups, but parents in the Spanish language groups cited language-related barriers. Conclusion The development and testing of simple programs that are sustainable, community-based, and family-focused may empower families to address obesity prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burton O Cowgill
- University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles Young Dr South, A2-125 CHS, Box 956900, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6900. E-mail:
| | - Paul J Chung
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA/RAND Prevention Research Center, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California
| | - Lindsey R Thompson
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA/RAND Prevention Research Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jacinta Elijah
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA/RAND Prevention Research Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sheila Lamb
- Los Angeles Unified School District, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vanessa P Garcia
- UCLA/RAND Prevention Research Center, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roshan Bastani
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA/RAND Prevention Research Center, Los Angeles, California
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Jones DJ, Gonzalez M, Ward DS, Vaughn A, Emunah J, Miller L, Anton M. Should child obesity be an issue for child protective services? A call for more research on this critical public health issue. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2014; 15:113-125. [PMID: 24231942 DOI: 10.1177/1524838013511544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Given the lasting effects on adolescent and adult health, childhood obesity is a major public health issue. The relatively slow progress toward the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity, however, has prompted leaders in both academic and practice sectors to advocate for what may be considered a radical intervention approach, to conceptualize extreme child obesity as an issue of child maltreatment. Advocates of this approach suggest that this conceptualization affords a new angle for intervention-the involvement of child protective services (CPS) in mandating family-focused lifestyle changes aimed at reducing child overweight and, in the most extreme cases, the removal of the obese child from the home. However, surprisingly little research has been conducted to inform policies or practices consistent with this recommendation, which is already being implemented in some states. This article aims to provide an overview of the challenges to the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity that have motivated the call for CPS involvement in extreme cases and to review the existing research related to this approach. Given that relatively little data are currently available to support or refute the merits of CPS involvement, recommendations for future research that would better inform public policy and decision making regarding this and other intervention strategies are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Vaughn A, Hales D, Ward DS. Measuring the physical activity practices used by parents of preschool children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45:2369-77. [PMID: 23715430 PMCID: PMC3833950 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31829d27de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parents play a critical role in shaping children's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, including those around physical activity and inactivity. Our ability to identify which practices effectively promote children's physical activity and limit inactivity is limited by existing measurement instruments. This project will present a newly developed physical activity parenting practices survey, the psychometric properties of this survey's scales, and their association with child physical activity and screen time behaviors. METHODS A sample of 324 parents with 2- to 5-yr-old children from central North Carolina completed a series of questionnaires, including this newly developed survey of physical activity parenting practices. Child physical activity was assessed by ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers and parent report. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify physical activity parenting practice constructs, and Pearson correlation was used to explore relations between constructs and child physical activity. RESULTS Fourteen parent practices used to either control or support children's physical activity or screen time were identified. Limits on screen time (r = -0.44), use of screen time to control behavior (r = 0.23), exposure to TV (r = 0.33), and parent modeling of physical activity (r = 0.37) were all significantly associated with children's TV viewing. Use of physical activity to control child behavior was significantly associated with time spent outside (r = 0.15) and minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity (r = 0.16). Several supportive practices were associated with time outside (+) and TV time (-). CONCLUSIONS Results provide support for this new measure of physical activity parenting practices and identify several practices that are clearly associated with child physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Derek Hales
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Dianne S. Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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O'Brien A, McDonald J, Haines J. An approach to improve parent participation in a childhood obesity prevention program. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2013; 74:143-5. [PMID: 24018007 DOI: 10.3148/74.3.2013.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Engaging parents in interventions can be difficult because of various barriers. An engaging children's program that runs parallel to a parent program may facilitate parent participation. In this study, we assessed parents' perception of the children's component of Parents and Tots Together (PTT), a family-based obesity prevention program. METHODS Fifteen of the 16 ethnically diverse parents who participated in an uncontrolled trial of PTT completed a survey assessing their satisfaction with the PTT children's component. More detailed information was obtained from one-on-one qualitative interviews with seven parents. RESULTS Attendance at program sessions was relatively high; 69% of parents attended six or more of the nine sessions. Survey data revealed that 87% of parents were "very satisfied" with the children's group. Approximately 73% of parents reported that the program was "very useful" in helping their child learn the importance of healthy eating and physical activity. In qualitative interviews, many parents identified the children's program as a motivator for attendance at the program sessions. CONCLUSIONS The interactive children's program was well received by parents and may serve as a catalyst for parent participation. Larger, randomized trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of children's programming for enhancing parent participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley O'Brien
- Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School
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