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Chaudry ZA, Naz T, Arshad I, Zahoor A, Javaid M, Sikander S. Innovative continuum of care to promote exclusive breast feeding in Pakistan: protocol of a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e002562. [PMID: 38769049 PMCID: PMC11110549 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-002562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastmilk being the ideal nutrition from birth to 2 years and beyond has many health benefits for both newborn and mothers. This study will assess the feasibility and acceptability of a continuum of care programme, which is a health facility and community based till 6 months post partum to encourage ideal breastfeeding practices. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A pilot randomised control trial having two-parallel arms of intervention and control groups was conducted in gynaecology and obstetrics department of Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital with a community outreach component of 6 months. 50 women between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation fulfilling inclusion criteria will be allocated in 1:1 randomly into intervention and control groups through computer-generated random number generator software. 25 participants in intervention group will receive counselling and training on breast feeding during antenatal visits along with a family member of support by a trained female doctor within the hospital, at birth by a trained nurse and at home for 6 months by a trained lady health worker. It will be supported by reading materials and videos through a mobile phone WhatsApp application. The 25 participants in control group will receive the support already provided within the hospital and at home. The primary outcomes feasibility and acceptability will be determined at 6 months post partum from participants and providers by a semistructured questionnaire. The secondary outcomes are rates of infant early initiation and exclusive breast feeding at 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months, Infant Feeding Attitude at 1 month and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy at 3 months. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analysed via SPSS software V.20 and thematic analysis, respectively. CONCLUSION This pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) will guide the interventions for the definite RCT. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approved by institutional ethical committee, informed consent from all participants and results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05951868.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Azam Chaudry
- Department of Community Medicine & Public Health, UOG Nawaz Sharif Medical College, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Naz
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, UOG Nawaz Sharif Medical College, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Arshad
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, UOG Nawaz Sharif Medical College, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Zahoor
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, UOG Nawaz Sharif Medical College, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Mahum Javaid
- UOG Nawaz Sharif Medical College, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Siham Sikander
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
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An exploration into the influence of birthweight and breastfeeding status on the weight status of 3-year-olds in an Irish cohort. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:199-205. [PMID: 35118560 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a growing concern in Ireland. Childhood obesity can increase the risk of developing many non-communicable diseases and have lasting psychological and social consequences. AIM The aim of this study is to explore if weight at birth and breastfeeding status influence the weight status of 3-year-olds in an Irish cohort. METHOD This retrospective cohort study utilised data (National Child Health Screening Programme) on 3-year-olds born between 1 January 2011 and 3 March 2014 in the North West of Ireland. RESULTS Overall, 4144 children were included in the study. The main findings of this study were that 5.4% (n = 222) and 7.1% (n = 296) of the cohort were overweight or obese respectively with a higher percent of males than females in each category. Just under 55% (n = 2266) of the cohort were never breastfed, with only 7.4% breastfed for greater than 6 months. Those born with a high birthweight were more likely to be overweight or obese at 3 years (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION These findings provide regionally specific data and highlight the need for focussed public health efforts to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 3 years in this area. Interventions from pregnancy through childhood are warranted, with an initial emphasis on breast feeding initiation and maintenance.
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Kadowaki T, Matsumoto N, Suzuki E, Mitsuhashi T, Takao S, Yorifuji T. Breastfeeding at 6 months of age had a positive impact on overweight and obesity in Japanese adolescents at 15 years of age. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:106-114. [PMID: 36168735 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM A number of studies have indicated the potential benefits that breastfeeding has on reducing childhood obesity, but few studies have evaluated the effect on adolescent obesity. We examined the association between breastfeeding and overweight or obesity at 15 years of age using data from a large nationwide longitudinal study launched by the Japanese Government in 2001. METHODS We analysed data for 26 164 participants with known infant feeding practices at 6 months of age, namely the duration of breastfeeding or formula feeding. Overweight or obesity at 15 years of age were calculated based on the subject's self-reported height and weight. Multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusted the data for child factors, namely sex, siblings, birth weight and physical activity clubs and the maternal factors of age, educational attainment and smoking status. RESULTS Formula feeding was associated with an increased risk of overweight or obesity at 15 years of age. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.99 (0.89-1.09) for partial breastfeeding and 1.23 (1.02-1.48) for formula feeding, when exclusive breastfeeding was the reference category. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding during infancy had potential benefits for overweight or obesity among 15-year-old adolescents. Our results provide further evidence of the importance of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Kadowaki
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Etsuji Suzuki
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Toshiharu Mitsuhashi
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Soshi Takao
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Yorifuji
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Hartono S, Niyonsenga T, Cochrane T, Kinfu Y. Effect of migrant parents' bodyweight perception on children's body bodyweight: A longitudinal analysis of population cohort study. SSM Popul Health 2022; 21:101318. [PMID: 36582615 PMCID: PMC9793301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Children of migrants in Australia are disproportionally affected by overweight/obesity. Their parents, however, are likely to put little effort into lifestyle changes if unable to recognise their children's suboptimal bodyweight. We examined the potential impact of migrant parents' bodyweight perception on their children's bodyweight over time and whether the region-of-birth of parents and acculturation to the host nation's way of life moderated the relationship, as very little is known about these in the Australian context. We analysed a sample of 2046 children of migrant parents drawn from 8 waves of population-based cohort data, the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, capturing their lived experience from ages 2 to 17. After controlling for child, parent, family, and neighbourhood factors influencing children's bodyweight, multilevel models showed higher children's bodyweight in subsequent waves if their parents perceived children's bodyweight as lower than their actual bodyweight (i.e., underestimation). However, the rate of increase in children's bodyweight attenuated over time. The effect of migrant parents' underestimation on children's subsequent bodyweight differed by region-of-birth, with higher children's bodyweight in successive waves if their parents were from the Americas, compared to migrant parents from North/West Europe. Parents' acculturation, however, did not have a discernible effect. Although migrant parents' bodyweight perception of their children's bodyweight status influenced children's bodyweight in subsequent waves, this factor was not enough to explain the extent of disparities in children's bodyweight observed in the Australian migrant population. Further research is needed to assess the effects of other types of perception (such as perceptions of healthy weight and physical exercise) on bodyweight disparities in children of migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hartono
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, A.C.T, Australia,Corresponding author.
| | - Theo Niyonsenga
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, A.C.T, Australia,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, A.C.T, Australia
| | - Tom Cochrane
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, A.C.T, Australia
| | - Yohannes Kinfu
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, A.C.T, Australia
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Łoniewska B, Michalczyk K, Podsiadło K, Adamek K, Michalczyk B, Tousty P, Kaczmarczyk M, Łoniewski I. Analysis of the Influence of Pre-Pregnancy BMI and Weight Gain during Pregnancy on the Weight of Healthy Children during the First 2 Years of Life: A Prospective Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9101431. [PMID: 36291367 PMCID: PMC9600872 DOI: 10.3390/children9101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Increased pre-pregnancy maternal BMI (pBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) have been found to increase infants’ birthweight and result in the programming of child weight and impact its later weight gain. Aim: To assess the impact of pBMI and GWG on the weight of children from birth to 2 years of age and over the duration of breastfeeding. Methods: Single Centre observational prospective longitudinal cohort study. Data were collected from medical records, and medical history. The analysis of multiple linear and mixed models was involved. Findings: 20% of females were overweight, while 13% were obese before the pregnancy. An overall model, including gender and smoking, indicated a significant impact of pBMI category on a child’s birth mass (p = 0.01). The GWG category affected a child’s birth weight (p = 0.018, Effect size 0.41). pBMI did not affect the breastfeeding duration. Conclusion: pBMI and GWG correlate with birth weight and weight in neonatal period, however they become insignificant in later childhood. Weight assessment methods among children aged up to two years of age require standardization. Maternal weight before the pregnancy nor the weight gain during the pregnancy do not influence the length of breastfeeding. The biggest limitation was the small sample size and the failure to account for weight gain per trimester of pregnancy. Further research on a larger population should be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Łoniewska
- Department of Neonatology and Intensive Neonatal Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kaja Michalczyk
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Konrad Podsiadło
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Adamek
- Department of Neonatology and Intensive Neonatal Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Michalczyk
- Department of Neonatology and Intensive Neonatal Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Tousty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
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Exploring the Potential of Human Milk and Formula Milk on Infants’ Gut and Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173554. [PMID: 36079814 PMCID: PMC9460722 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life gut microbiota plays a role in determining the health and risk of developing diseases in later life. Various perinatal factors have been shown to contribute to the development and establishment of infant gut microbiota. One of the important factors influencing the infant gut microbial colonization and composition is the mode of infant feeding. While infant formula milk has been designed to resemble human milk as much as possible, the gut microbiome of infants who receive formula milk differs from that of infants who are fed human milk. A diverse microbial population in human milk and the microbes seed the infant gut microbiome. Human milk contains nutritional components that promote infant growth and bioactive components, such as human milk oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, and immunoglobulins, which contribute to immunological development. In an attempt to encourage the formation of a healthy gut microbiome comparable to that of a breastfed infant, manufacturers often supplement infant formula with prebiotics or probiotics, which are known to have a bifidogenic effect and can modulate the immune system. This review aims to elucidate the roles of human milk and formula milk on infants’ gut and health.
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Doan TTD, Binns C, Pham NM, Zhao Y, Dinh TPH, Bui TTH, Tran TC, Nguyen XH, Giglia R, Xu F, Lee A. Improving Breastfeeding by Empowering Mothers in Vietnam: A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Mobile App. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5552. [PMID: 32752026 PMCID: PMC7432632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding provides benefits to the infant and mother; however, the rates of breastfeeding, particularly exclusive breastfeeding, remain below optimal levels in many Asian countries. The aim of this study is to review the benefits of breastfeeding to mothers and infants and current rates of breastfeeding in Vietnam, and to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile application on exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Vietnam. A two-arm, parallel triple-blinded randomised controlled trial will be conducted among 1000 mothers in Hanoi City, Vietnam, during 2020-2021. Eligible participants are pregnant women who will seek antenatal care from health facilities at 24-36 weeks of gestation and plan to deliver at two participating hospitals, own a smartphone, and carry a singleton foetus. Permuted-block randomisation method stratified by maternal age, education and parity will be used to ensure an equal number of participants in each group. A smartphone app will be developed to deliver breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding information to the intervention and control group, respectively. Data will be collected at baseline, before hospital discharge, and at 1, 4, and 6 months postpartum. This study envisages demonstrating whether a smartphone-based intervention can be effective at improving breastfeeding in Vietnam. Trials registration: ACTRN12619000531112.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Duong Doan
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.T.D.D.); (T.P.H.D.); (T.T.H.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Colin Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (N.M.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (N.M.P.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (N.M.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Thi Phuong Hoa Dinh
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.T.D.D.); (T.P.H.D.); (T.T.H.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Thi Thu Ha Bui
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.T.D.D.); (T.P.H.D.); (T.T.H.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Trung Chuyen Tran
- Faculty of Information Technology, Department of Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, 18 Vien Street-Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam;
| | - Xuan Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of IT, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam;
| | | | - Fenglian Xu
- Data Analysis & Surgical Outcomes Unit (DASO), Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Andy Lee
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (T.T.D.D.); (T.P.H.D.); (T.T.H.B.); (A.L.)
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Mardani M, Rezapour S, Hajipour F. Relationship between breastfeeding and obesity in high school girls. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:/j/jpem.ahead-of-print/jpem-2020-0113/jpem-2020-0113.xml. [PMID: 32692704 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Some factors in infancy can play a role in the development of adolescent obesity. Understanding these factors can help prevent early complications in adolescents associated with obesity in adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school girls in Khorramabad and its relationship with breastfeeding history. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in 832 high school girls during the academic year 2016-2017. Samples were selected by multi-stage random sampling. General questionnaires, physical activity, and 24-h food questions were completed through interviews with students. Data regarding breastfeeding was obtained by mothers. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study population was 16.3 and 5.8%, respectively. Overweight and obesity had a significant association with breastfeeding history (p = 0.001), while there was no significant relationship between overweight and obesity with school type, student's age, parental occupation, education Parents, household size, birth rate, physical activity, and energy intake. Conclusions The results of this study showed that breast feeding has a protective effect on overweight and obesity during adolescence. To reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity, necessary education regarding breastfeeding should be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Mardani
- Nutrition Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sadegh Rezapour
- Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fereshteh Hajipour
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Clinical relevance and validity of tools to predict infant, childhood and adulthood obesity: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:3135-3147. [PMID: 29996950 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the global availability of a multicomponent tool predicting overweight/obesity in infancy, childhood, adolescence or adulthood; and to compare their predictive validity and clinical relevance.Design/SettingThe PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. The databases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO were searched. Additional articles were identified via reference lists of included articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' Quality Criteria Checklist. The National Health and Medical Research Council's Levels of Evidence hierarchy was used to assess quality of evidence. Predictive performance was evaluated using the ABCD framework. SUBJECTS Eligible studies: tool could be administered at any life stage; quantified the risk of overweight/obesity onset; used more than one predictor variable; and reported appropriate prediction statistical outcomes. RESULTS Of the initial 4490 articles identified, twelve articles (describing twelve tools) were included. Most tools aimed to predict overweight and/or obesity within childhood (age 2-12 years). Predictive accuracy of tools was consistently adequate; however, the predictive validity of most tools was questioned secondary to poor methodology and statistical reporting. Globally, five tools were developed for dissemination into clinical practice, but no tools were tested within a clinical setting. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, a clinically relevant and highly predictive overweight/obesity prediction tool is yet to be developed. Clinicians can, however, act now to identify the strongest predictors of future overweight/obesity. Further research is necessary to optimise the predictive strength and clinical applicability of such a tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Louise Bhairo
- Clinical nurse specialist, Mother and Infant Mental Health Service, Kent and Medway NHS and Social Care Partnership Trust
| | - Helen Elliott
- Senior lecturer, Faculty of Education and Health, University of Greenwich
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Bell S, Yew SSY, Devenish G, Ha D, Do L, Scott J. Duration of Breastfeeding, but Not Timing of Solid Food, Reduces the Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Children Aged 24 to 36 Months: Findings from an Australian Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040599. [PMID: 29587447 PMCID: PMC5923641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether breastfeeding duration and the timing of solid food were independently associated with being overweight or obese in early childhood. Subjects were 953 children participating in the Study of Mothers and Infants Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE) birth cohort study, based in Adelaide, Australia. Socio-demographic information and data on breastfeeding duration and age of introduction of solid food were collected at birth, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 24 months via mailed or online questionnaires completed by mothers. The weight and height of children were measured at a dental examination when children were aged between 24 and 36 months. Body mass index was calculated, and children were categorised into weight groups according to the World Health Organization growth standards. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for maternal age at birth, education, socio-economic status, pre-pregnancy weight, smoking in pregnancy, method of delivery, and child’s birthweight. Risk of overweight/obesity was independently associated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking in pregnancy, and birthweight. Children that were breastfed for 12 months or more had a significantly lower risk of being overweight/obese than those breastfed for less than 17 weeks (AOR 0.49; 95%CI 0.27, 0.90; p for trend =0.009). Age of introduction of solid food, however, was not associated with the risk of being overweight/obese at 24 to 36 months. This study provides further evidence of an inverse relationship between breastfeeding and risk of overweight/obesity, however, no association with the timing of solid food was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bell
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Sarah Siau Yi Yew
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Gemma Devenish
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Diep Ha
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Loc Do
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Jane Scott
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
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Ayonrinde OT, Oddy WH, Adams LA, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, de Klerk N, Olynyk JK. Infant nutrition and maternal obesity influence the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents. J Hepatol 2017; 67:568-576. [PMID: 28619255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathway to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adolescents may have its origins in adiposity gains, nutrition and sedentary lifestyle established during childhood. There is inadequate knowledge regarding the associations between infant nutrition and subsequent NAFLD. We examined the association of maternal factors and infant nutrition, with the subsequent diagnosis of NAFLD in adolescents. METHODS Adolescents aged 17years in the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort study had fatty liver assessment using liver ultrasound. Prospectively recorded data on maternal pregnancy and infant feeding were examined against a NAFLD outcome during late adolescence. RESULTS NAFLD was diagnosed in 15.2% of the 1,170 adolescents examined. Ninety-four percent had been breastfed as infants. The duration of breastfeeding before starting supplementary milk was ⩾4months in 54.4% and ⩾6months in 40.6%. Breastfeeding without supplementary milk ⩾6months (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-0.94, p=0.02), maternal pre-pregnancy obesity (adjusted OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.21-4.32, p=0.01) and adolescent obesity (adjusted OR: 9.08; 95% CI: 6.26-13.17, p<0.001) were associated with NAFLD independent of a Western dietary pattern at 17years of age. Adolescents with NAFLD who had been breastfed for ⩾6months had a less adverse metabolic profile compared with adolescents breastfed for <6months. Supplementary milk intake starting before 6months was associated with a higher prevalence and ultrasound severity of NAFLD compared with intake starting after 6months (17.7% vs. 11.2%, p=0.003 and 7.8% vs. 3.4%, p=0.005 respectively). CONCLUSION Though NAFLD is generally mediated through adiposity gains, breastfeeding for at least 6months, avoidance of early supplementary formula milk feeding, and normal maternal pre-pregnancy BMI may reduce the odds of a NAFLD diagnosis during adolescence. LAY SUMMARY Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder in which there is too much fat in the liver of people who do not consume excessive amounts of alcohol. In this large study, we found that infants who consumed breast milk for less than 6months before starting infant formula milk, infants who were obese as teenagers or had mothers who were obese at the start of pregnancy, were much more likely to have NAFLD at 17years of age. Based on our findings we consider that reducing the risk of NAFLD in teenagers needs to start before birth, by encouraging normal body mass index before pregnancy, as well as breastfeeding without infant formula milk consumption for the first 6months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyekoya T Ayonrinde
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
| | - Wendy H Oddy
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Leon A Adams
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas de Klerk
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John K Olynyk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Lok KYW, Bai DL, Tarrant M. Family members' infant feeding preferences, maternal breastfeeding exposures and exclusive breastfeeding intentions. Midwifery 2017; 53:49-54. [PMID: 28755584 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal breastfeeding intentions are strongly associated with breastfeeding exclusivity and duration. Factors that affect new mothers' exclusive breastfeeding intentions have not been adequately examined. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the association between family member's infant feeding preferences, breastfeeding exposures, and womens' exclusive breastfeeding intentions. METHODS 1277 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs were recruited from four public hospitals in Hong Kong. We used multiple logistic and linear regression models to explore the impact of the family members' infant feeding preferences and breastfeeding exposures on exclusive breastfeeding intentions. RESULTS 78.1% mothers reported an intention to exclusively breastfeed, and the median intended duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 26 weeks. The husband's preference for breastfeeding (aOR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.20-2.31), previous breastfeeding experience (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.10-2.23) and attendance at an antenatal breastfeeding class (aOR = 2.09; 95% CI 1.45-3.02) were all strongly associated with higher maternal intention to exclusively breastfeed. For every additional family member who preferred breastfeeding, the odds of intending to exclusively breastfeed increased by 32% (aOR1.32; 95% CI, 1.13-1.55). Similarly, the proportion of participants intending to exclusively breastfeed increased progressively with more breastfeeding exposures. CONCLUSIONS Including fathers and other significant family members in antenatal breastfeeding education can help to maximize breastfeeding support for the new mother and encourage new mothers to exclusively breastfeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Yuet Wan Lok
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Dorothy Li Bai
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Marie Tarrant
- School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Canada
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Uwaezuoke SN, Eneh CI, Ndu IK. Relationship Between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Lower Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Narrative Review of Published Evidence. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2017; 11:1179556517690196. [PMID: 28469518 PMCID: PMC5398325 DOI: 10.1177/1179556517690196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pattern of infant feeding during the first 1000-day period-from conception to the second birthday-has a significant influence on the child's growth trajectory. The relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and lower risk of childhood obesity has elicited much scientific interest, given the fact that this form of malnutrition is becoming a global epidemic. AIM This narrative review aims to examine the evidence in the literature linking exclusive breastfeeding with reduction in obesity in children. LITERATURE SEARCH Using appropriate search terms, PubMed database was searched for relevant articles that met the review objective. RESULTS Evidence for the protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against childhood obesity have been provided by studies which explored 5 physiologic mechanisms and those that established the causality between breastfeeding and lower risk of obesity. The few studies that disputed this relationship highlighted the influence of confounding factors. A new insight on molecular mechanisms, however, points to a direct and indirect effect of human milk oligosaccharides on the prevention of overweight and obesity. CONCLUSIONS The preponderance of current evidence strongly suggests that exclusivity in breastfeeding can prevent the development of obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Uwaezuoke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chizoma I Eneh
- Department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ikenna K Ndu
- Department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
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Kanazawa S, Segal NL. Same-sex twins are taller and heavier than opposite-sex twins (but only if breastfed): Possible evidence for sex bias in human breast milk. J Exp Child Psychol 2017; 156:186-191. [PMID: 28081855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies show that human and other mammalian breast milk may be tailored for the sex of the offspring. Such sex bias suggests that opposite-sex twins, who receive breast milk that cannot simultaneously be tailored for both sexes, may be at a disadvantage for growth compared with same-sex twins. An analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) shows that, controlling for sex, age, birth weight, and zygosity, breastfed same-sex twins are, on average, about 1 inch taller and 12 pounds heavier than their opposite-sex counterparts through adolescence and early adulthood. In contrast, never-breastfed same-sex twins tend to be shorter and lighter than their opposite-sex counterparts. These results may be potential evidence for sex bias in human breast milk and its long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kanazawa
- Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, UK; Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Nancy L Segal
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
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16
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Contarato AAPF, Rocha EDDM, Czarnobay SA, Mastroeni SSDBS, Veugelers PJ, Mastroeni MF. Independent effect of type of breastfeeding on overweight and obesity in children aged 12-24 months. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 32:e00119015. [PMID: 28001206 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00119015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effect of type of breastfeeding on the nutritional status of children between 12-24 months of age. This cohort study included 435 children born in 2012 in a public hospital in Joinville, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Two years after delivery the mothers and their children were contacted in their homes for a new investigation of demographic, economic, nutritional, and anthropometric data. In the unadjusted analysis, children who were not exclusively breastfed were more likely to be overweight (including obesity) at 2 years of age (OR = 1.6; p = 0.049) than exclusively breastfed children. After adjusting for several covariates, children who were not exclusively breastfed had a 12% higher risk of overweight including obesity compared to unadjusted analysis (OR = 2.6 vs. OR = 1.8; p = 0.043). In addition, birthweight was also an independent determinant of overweight including obesity (OR = 2.5; p = 0.002). The practice of exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the risk of overweight in children from developing countries such as Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Ana Czarnobay
- Departamento de Nutrição, Associação Educacional Luterana Bom Jesus, Joinville, Brasil
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Gu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Wan H. Effectiveness of a theory-based breastfeeding promotion intervention on exclusive breastfeeding in China: A randomised controlled trial. Midwifery 2016; 42:93-99. [PMID: 27788416 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of a designed intervention programme on the promotion of exclusive breast feeding during 6 months post partum among Chinese primiparous women, based on the theory of planned behaviour. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING A tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANTS Chinese primiparous women who were able to breastfed their babies and companied by either husband or mothers. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly divided into the intervention and control group. On the basis of the theory of planned behaviour, mothers in the intervention group received the TPB-based intervention programme, including individual instruction, group education and telephone counselling, whereas both the intervention and control group continued to receive routine nursing care. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS Data were collected between October 2013 and June 2014. Initially, 352 participants were included. However, 67 of them dropped out or were lost to follow-up. Finally, 285 participants were included into the analysis, including 157 participants in the intervention group and 128 participants in the control group. Though some bias might exist, rates of exclusive breast feeding were consistently and significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group at 3 days (40.1% versus 10.9%, P<0.001), 6 weeks (57.3% versus 29.7%, P<0.001), 4 months (56.7% versus 15.6%, P<0.001) and 6 months post partum (42.0% versus 10.2%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The TPB-based breast-feeding promotion intervention is effective in improving exclusive breast-feeding rates in primiparous women. Although the current intervention that provides continued support during the hospitalisation and follow-up at home, problems remains in the workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Gu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongwei Wan
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China.
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Guo J, Wang T, Liao J, Huang C. Efficacy of the theory of planned behavior in predicting breastfeeding: Meta-analysis and structural equation modeling. Appl Nurs Res 2016; 29:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Marques MS, Silva JR, Lima CAG, Maia EMGC. Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre crianças de 7 a 10 anos atendidas em uma unidade de Estratégia Saúde da Família - ESF. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2015. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc10(37)1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivos: Estabelecer a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre crianças cadastradas em unidade de Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, de corte transversal, com população alvo de 134 crianças de 7 a 10 anos de idade. Foi calculado o índice de massa corporal das crianças e aplicado questionário sobre práticas alimentares e atividade física. No tratamento estatístico dos dados foi usado o SPSS versão 19, utilizando-se os procedimentos: média, desvio padrão, frequência, teste t e Qui Quadrado. Usou-se Odds ratio de prevalência com intervalo de confiança de 95%. A importância relativa dos fatores estudados no risco da criança apresentar sobrepeso ou obesidade foi observada pelo ajuste do modelo regressão logística. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 86 crianças de ambos os sexos. A taxa de sobrepeso foi de 17,5% e de obesidade de 25% entre meninas e 4,3% de sobrepeso e 13% de obesidade entre meninos (p=0,061). Crianças matriculadas na rede particular tiveram 18,8% de sobrepeso e 37,5% de obesidade enquanto nas da rede pública as taxas foram de 8,6% e 14,3%, para sobrepeso e obesidade, respectivamente (p=0,058). As demais variáveis não foram estatisticamente significativas após a aplicação do modelo de regressão logística. Conclusão: Houve alta prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade na população estudada, principalmente entre crianças matriculadas na rede particular e do sexo feminino.
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Türkoğlu S, Bilgiç A, Akça ÖF. ADHD symptoms, breast-feeding and obesity in children and adolescents. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:546-51. [PMID: 25625700 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been found to be related to overweight/obesity in children and adolescents, but it is a heterogeneous disorder, and the relationships between the dimensions of ADHD and overweight/obesity are not clear. The aim of this study was to explore which dimensions of the disorder are specifically associated with overweight/obesity. METHODS The study sample consisted of 300 treatment-naive children with ADHD and 75 healthy controls aged 7-17 years. The ADHD module of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version was used to diagnose ADHD. The severity of ADHD symptoms was assessed via Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). The weight, height, and breast-feeding duration of the study samples and controls were recorded. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized according to the national age/sex-specific reference values. RESULTS The rate of overweight/obese children was higher in the ADHD group. The association between ADHD symptoms and BMI percentile scores was evaluated using structural equation modeling. In that model, it was observed that the Cognitive Problems/Inattentive and Oppositional subscores of the CPRS had a positive predictive effect on the BMI percentile scores, but breast-feeding duration had a negative predictive effect on the BMI percentile scores. CONCLUSION Inattention, oppositionality and breast-feeding duration were associated with overweight/obesity in children and adolescents with ADHD. Longitudinal studies are needed to more fully understand this relationship and the mechanisms underlying the association between ADHD and overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Türkoğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Bilgiç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Akça
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased over the last fifty years by approximately 5% per decade, and approximately a quarter of all children are now either overweight or obese. These children have a significantly increased risk of many future health problems including adult obesity, type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Despite this relentless increase, common-sense approaches aimed at prevention and treatment have failed to solve the problem. Current approaches at prevention have faced major challenges with some progress in implementing smaller scale programs and social marketing, but little action on broad public policy approaches which often appears unpalatable to society or individual governments. Meanwhile, treatment approaches have mainly focused on lifestyle change, and novel approaches are urgently needed. Prevention needs to shift to improving maternal health prior to conception, with more research focussed on the impact of early years in programming offspring to future overweight/obesity. Likewise, treatment paradigms need to move from simply thinking that obesity can be solved by readdressing diet and activity levels. Novel approaches are needed which take into consideration the complex physiology which regulates early childhood growth and the development of obesity in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute at The Royal Children's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospitals, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE Slow transit constipation (STC) and functional fecal retention (FFR) are two forms of severe intractable constipation in childhood diagnosed by nuclear transit studies (NTS). This retrospective study aims to identify the predicting factors for STC and FFR by looking at the association with neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD), obesity, family history of constipation and atopic disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted on children with intractable constipation referred for NTS between 1st April 2003 and 1st April 2014. Comparisons were made between STC, FFR and normal transit patients with regards to NPD, obesity (BMI z score >95th percentile), family history of constipation in first and second-degree relatives and atopic disease which included food allergy, asthma and eczema. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2014, 97 patients were referred for a NTS. Out of 36 patients with NPD, 21 (58.3 %) had STC and 13 (36.1 %) had FFR (p < 0.05). 15.8 % of patients with constipation were obese, compared to 6.4 % in the general Australian paediatric population (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between constipation and atopic disease or family history. CONCLUSION Neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular autism, are useful predictors of STC and FFR in children. Obesity may be associated with a higher risk of developing chronic constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Ridha
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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23
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Yan J, Liu L, Zhu Y, Huang G, Wang PP. The association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1267. [PMID: 25495402 PMCID: PMC4301835 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increase in childhood obesity is a serious public health concern. Several studies have indicated that breastfed children have a lower risk of childhood obesity than those who were not breastfed, while other studies have provided conflicting evidence. The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between breastfeeding and the risk of childhood obesity. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL Plus with Full Text databases were systematically searched from start date to 1st August 2014. Based on the meta-analysis, pooled adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. I2 statistic was used to evaluate the between-study heterogeneity. Funnel plots and Fail-safe N were used to assess publication bias and reliability of results, and results from both Egger test and Begg test were reported. Results Twenty-five studies with a total of 226,508 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The studies’ publication dates ranged from 1997 to 2014, and they examined the population of 12 countries. Results showed that breastfeeding was associated with a significantly reduced risk of obesity in children (AOR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.81). Categorical analysis of 17 studies revealed a dose-response effect between breastfeeding duration and reduced risk of childhood obesity. Conclusion Results of our meta-analysis suggest that breastfeeding is a significant protective factor against obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guowei Huang
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St, John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3 V6, Canada.
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24
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Critch JN. Nutrition for healthy term infants, six to 24 months: An overview. Paediatr Child Health 2014; 19:547-52. [PMID: 25587235 PMCID: PMC4276390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition for Healthy Term Infants is a joint statement by Health Canada, the Canadian Paediatric Society, Dietitians of Canada and the Breastfeeding Committee for Canada. It was republished in September 2012, with recommendations on infant feeding from birth to six months of age. The statement was most recently updated in April 2014, with recommendations for feeding older infants and young children from six to 24 months of age. The present practice point outlines the statement development process and principles of feeding, with specific recommendations for clinicians. Health professionals who counsel families on nutrition in infants and young children are advised to read the statement in its entirety because discussion in the longer document expands on and clarifies advice summarized in the principles and recommendations given here. The complete statement is available on Health Canada's website: www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/nutrition/infant-nourisson/index-eng.php.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Canadian Paediatric Society
- Correspondence: Canadian Paediatric Society, 2305 St Laurent Boulevard, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 4J8. E-mail , website www.cps.ca
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Souza MCCD, Tibúrcio JD, Bicalho JMF, Rennó HMDS, Dutra JS, Campos LG, Silva ES. Factors associated with obesity and overweight in school-aged children. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-07072014001740013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the factors associated with excess weight (overweight/obese) in school children enrolled in the public education network in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 1187 children between 6 and 14 years of age from municipal schools in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was calculated based on the parameters of the World Health Organization, using the WHO Anthro-Plus Program. Logistic regression was used to identify the variables associated with excess weight, at a significance level of 5%. A prevalence of 24.4% of excess weight was identified. Family income and maternal education were determinants of overweight in the study population (p<0.05). Excess weight was configured as an important health problem among the students. The public power needs to implement intersectoral measures with a view to the prevention and reduction of the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children.
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Caton SJ, Blundell P, Ahern SM, Nekitsing C, Olsen A, Møller P, Hausner H, Remy E, Nicklaus S, Chabanet C, Issanchou S, Hetherington MM. Learning to eat vegetables in early life: the role of timing, age and individual eating traits. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97609. [PMID: 24878745 PMCID: PMC4039444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable intake is generally low among children, who appear to be especially fussy during the pre-school years. Repeated exposure is known to enhance intake of a novel vegetable in early life but individual differences in response to familiarisation have emerged from recent studies. In order to understand the factors which predict different responses to repeated exposure, data from the same experiment conducted in three groups of children from three countries (n = 332) aged 4–38 m (18.9±9.9 m) were combined and modelled. During the intervention period each child was given between 5 and 10 exposures to a novel vegetable (artichoke puree) in one of three versions (basic, sweet or added energy). Intake of basic artichoke puree was measured both before and after the exposure period. Overall, younger children consumed more artichoke than older children. Four distinct patterns of eating behaviour during the exposure period were defined. Most children were “learners” (40%) who increased intake over time. 21% consumed more than 75% of what was offered each time and were labelled “plate-clearers”. 16% were considered “non-eaters” eating less than 10 g by the 5th exposure and the remainder were classified as “others” (23%) since their pattern was highly variable. Age was a significant predictor of eating pattern, with older pre-school children more likely to be non-eaters. Plate-clearers had higher enjoyment of food and lower satiety responsiveness than non-eaters who scored highest on food fussiness. Children in the added energy condition showed the smallest change in intake over time, compared to those in the basic or sweetened artichoke condition. Clearly whilst repeated exposure familiarises children with a novel food, alternative strategies that focus on encouraging initial tastes of the target food might be needed for the fussier and older pre-school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Caton
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pam Blundell
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sara M. Ahern
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chandani Nekitsing
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Annemarie Olsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Møller
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Hausner
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eloïse Remy
- CNRS, UMR6265, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Nicklaus
- CNRS, UMR6265, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Chabanet
- CNRS, UMR6265, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Issanchou
- CNRS, UMR6265, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- INRA, UMR1324, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Dijon, France
| | - Marion M. Hetherington
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Giannì ML, Roggero P, Orsi A, Piemontese P, Garbarino F, Bracco B, Garavaglia E, Agosti M, Mosca F. Body composition changes in the first 6 months of life according to method of feeding. J Hum Lact 2014; 30:148-55. [PMID: 24352651 DOI: 10.1177/0890334413516196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early feeding choices may affect long-term health outcomes. Therefore, understanding body composition changes in healthy breastfed infants has become an important research focus. OBJECTIVES The aims of this review were to investigate the body composition changes that occur during weight loss in breastfed term newborns and to examine body composition differences between exclusively/predominantly breastfed and exclusively formula-fed infants in the first 6 months of life. METHODS We performed a review of the existing literature using PubMed. We searched for studies published in English since January 1, 2000, that involved human infants ranging in age from birth to 6 months. We used the following MEDLINE Medical Subject Headings: ((breastfeeding) OR (infant formula)) AND ((body composition) OR (bioelectrical impedance) OR (absorptiometry, photon) OR (total body potassium) OR (isotope dilution) OR (air-displacement plethysmography)). Our search yielded 6 studies. RESULTS Two studies reported that newborn weight loss was due to a reduction in the quantity of both fat mass and fat-free mass. Three out of 4 articles that evaluated body composition changes according to method of feeding reported no differences in body composition between exclusively/predominantly breastfed and exclusively formula-fed infants in the first 4.5 months of life. One study reported that exclusively breastfed infants at 3 months of age and exclusively breastfed boys at 6 months of age had higher fat mass contents compared to exclusively formula-fed infants. CONCLUSION Because of the limited number of studies available, larger studies are needed to clarify the differences in body composition between exclusively/predominantly breastfed and exclusively formula-fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lorella Giannì
- 1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda" Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy
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Perrin EM, Rothman RL, Sanders LM, Skinner AC, Eden SK, Shintani A, Throop EM, Yin HS. Racial and ethnic differences associated with feeding- and activity-related behaviors in infants. Pediatrics 2014; 133:e857-67. [PMID: 24639273 PMCID: PMC3966498 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine parental reports of feeding and activity behaviors in a cohort of parents of 2-month-olds and how they differ by race/ethnicity. METHODS Parents participating in Greenlight, a cluster, randomized trial of obesity prevention at 4 health centers, were queried at enrollment about feeding and activity behaviors thought to increase obesity risk. Unadjusted associations between race/ethnicity and the outcomes of interest were performed by using Pearson χ(2) and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Adjusted analyses were performed by using proportional odds logistic regressions. RESULTS Eight hundred sixty-three parents (50% Hispanic, 27% black, 18% white; 86% Medicaid) were enrolled. Exclusive formula feeding was more than twice as common (45%) as exclusive breastfeeding (19%); 12% had already introduced solid food; 43% put infants to bed with bottles; 23% propped bottles; 20% always fed when the infant cried; 38% always tried to get children to finish milk; 90% were exposed to television (mean, 346 minutes/day); 50% reported active television watching (mean, 25 minutes/day); and 66% did not meet "tummy time" recommendations. Compared with white parents, black parents were more likely to put children to bed with a bottle (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.97, P < .004; bottle propping, aOR = 3.1, P < .001), and report more television watching (aOR = 1.6, P = .034). Hispanic parents were more likely than white parents to encourage children to finish feeding (aOR = 1.9, P = .007), bottle propping (aOR = 2.5, P = .009), and report less tummy time (aOR = 0.6, P = .037). CONCLUSIONS Behaviors thought to relate to later obesity were highly prevalent in this large, diverse sample and varied by race/ethnicity, suggesting the importance of early and culturally-adapted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana M. Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and,Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Lee M. Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Health Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Svetlana K. Eden
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth M. Throop
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and,Valley City State University, Valley City, North Dakota; and
| | - H. Shonna Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
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Zarrati M, Shidfar F, Moradof M, Nasiri Nejad F, Keyvani H, Rezaei Hemami M, Razmpoosh E. Relationship between Breast Feeding and Obesity in Children with Low Birth Weight. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:676-82. [PMID: 24578834 PMCID: PMC3918191 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.11120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast feeding appears to play a role in determining obesity and abdominal obesity during childhood, specifically in children with a history of low birth weight. Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation of breast-feeding with either of abdominal obesity and obesity among Iranian school children. Materials and Methods A total of 1184 students (625 girls and 559 boys), aged 10 to 13 years old, were selected from 112 governmental elementary schools in Iran. Height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured using standard instruments and a pretested standardized questionnaire was performed for compiling information about family economics and educational level, first–degree family history of obesity, history of breast feeding, food pattern and birth weight, as well. Results 13.68% (n = 160) of students had a history of low birth weight, and 26.41% of them had abdominal obesity. Of all participants, 22.04% were overweight and 5.32% were obese which was more prevalent in girls than in boys (P = 0.03). First-degree family history of obesity (P = 0.001), excessive gestational weight gain (P = 0.001) and birth weight (P = 0.01) were significantly correlated with the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity during childhood. Moreover the prevalence of abdominal obesity in children with low birth weight was significantly correlated with breast feeding (P = 0.04); But this relation was not significantly about obesity in our participants (P = 0.9). Furthermore duration of breast feeding was significantly and inversely correlated with obesity and abdominal obesity in schoolchildren with low birth weight (P = 0.01). Conclusions The results suggest that Breast feeding and its long-term consequences were important factors for preventing metabolic syndrome criteria in childhood and later years of life span. With regard to the increasing prevalence of obesity in children, more research is urgently needed to clarify whether breast feeding have negative consequences for the risk of chronic disease in children, especially in children with low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Zarrati
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Farzad Shidfar, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran, Tel: +98 2188779118, Fax: +98 2188779487, E-mail:
| | - Maryam Moradof
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasiri Nejad
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Medicine Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei Hemami
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rajaee Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Elham Razmpoosh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, IR Iran
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Milk Feeding, Solid Feeding, and Obesity Risk: A Review of the Relationships Between Early Life Feeding Practices and Later Adiposity. Curr Obes Rep 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13679-012-0034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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