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Jamil S, Raza ML, Naqvi S, Zehra A. Behavioral and psychological aspects of coffee consumption. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 289:151-168. [PMID: 39168578 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The chapter "Behavioral and Psychological Aspects of Coffee Consumption" delves into the complex interplay between coffee drinking and cognitive functions, human behavior, and health-related effects. It starts by looking at coffee's physiological impacts, such as how it affects the body's neurotransmitter systems, metabolism, cardiovascular health, liver health, mental health, and bone health. The larger framework of behavioral and psychological variables impacting patterns of coffee drinking provides further context for these effects. The chapter explores a range of behavior change interventions designed to encourage moderate coffee use. It also covers the role that technology, customized methods, and environmental alterations might play in supporting healthier choices. The statement underscores the significance of attending to the requirements of heterogeneous populations, surmounting obstacles to behavior modification, and guaranteeing the enduring viability of intervention results. The chapter also outlines new directions in neuroscience and behavioral science research, including developments in neuroimaging methods and the application of digital health technology to the delivery of interventions. Additionally, it emphasizes how coffee use affects public health and policy, arguing in favor of evidence-based guidelines and treatments that encourage sensible coffee consumption habits and enhance population health outcomes. Ultimately, the chapter offers a thorough summary of the behavioral and psychological effects of coffee drinking, highlighting the significance of multidisciplinary studies and cooperative efforts to deepen our comprehension of this intricate phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subia Jamil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Liaquat Raza
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Iqra University North Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ale Zehra
- Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
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Dashputre A, Agho KE, Piya MK, Glenister K, Bourke L, Hannah S, Bhat R, Osuagwu UL, Simmons D. Prevalence and factors associated with mental health problems of psychological distress and depression among rural Victorians - analysis of cross-sectional data (Crossroads II). BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:450. [PMID: 37340331 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that rates of mental illness are similar in rural and urban Australia, although there are significant workforce shortages in rural regions along with higher rates of chronic disease and obesity and lower levels of socioeconomic status. However, there are variations across rural Australia and limited local data on mental health prevalence, risk, service use and protective factors. This study describes the prevalence of self-reported mental health problems of psychological distress and depression, in a rural region in Australia and aims to identify the factors associated with these problems. METHODS The Crossroads II study was a large-scale cross-sectional study undertaken in the Goulburn Valley region of Victoria, Australia in 2016-18. Data were collected from randomly selected households across four rural and regional towns and then screening clinics from individuals from these households. The main outcome measures were self-reported mental health problems of psychological distress assessed by the Kessler 10 and depression assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Unadjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals of factors associated with the two mental health problems were calculated using simple logistic regression with multiple logistic regression using hierarchical modelling to adjust for the potential confounders. RESULTS Of the 741 adult participants (55.6% females), 67.4% were aged ≥ 55 years. Based on the questionnaires, 16.2% and 13.6% had threshold-level psychological distress and depression, respectively. Of those with threshold-level K-10 scores, 19.0% and 10.5% had seen a psychologist or a psychiatrist respectively while 24.2% and 9.5% of those experiencing depression had seen a psychologist or a psychiatrist, respectively in the past year. Factors such as being unmarried, current smoker, obesity, were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of mental health problems whereas physical activity, and community participation reduced the risk of mental health problems. Compared to rural towns, the regional town had higher risk of depression which was non-significant after adjusting for community participation and health conditions. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of psychological distress and depression in this rural population was consistent with other rural studies. Personal and lifestyle factors were more relevant to mental health problems than degree of rurality in Victoria. Targeted lifestyle interventions could assist in reducing mental illness risk and preventing further distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Dashputre
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Kingsley E Agho
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Milan K Piya
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Macarthur Diabetes Endocrinology Metabolism Services, Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Kristen Glenister
- Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Wangaratta, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Bourke
- Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Shepparton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Hannah
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Ravi Bhat
- Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Shepparton, VIC, Australia
| | - Uchechukwu L Osuagwu
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia
| | - David Simmons
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
- Macarthur Diabetes Endocrinology Metabolism Services, Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
- Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Shepparton, VIC, Australia.
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Clark S, Lawrence EM, Monnat SM. Support from Adult Children and Parental Health in Rural America. JOURNAL OF RURAL SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022; 37:2. [PMID: 36299915 PMCID: PMC9595110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adult children are a primary source of care for their aging parents. Parents in rural areas, however, live further from their adult children than parents in urban areas, potentially limiting the support they receive and compromising their health and ability to age in place. We use two waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (2013 and 2017) to investigate the relationships among geographic proximity, adult children's instrumental and financial support, and parental health. Rural parents live further from their adult children and receive less financial support, but they are more likely to receive instrumental assistance. In addition, rural parents have worse health and more functional limitations than urban parents, and these differences persist after controlling for proximity to and support from adult children. Our findings indicate that factors beyond proximity influence the complex relationships between spatial and social boundaries and their consequences for older adults' health and well-being.
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Zhong Y, Wang J, Nicholas S. Social support and depressive symptoms among family caregivers of older people with disabilities in four provinces of urban China: the mediating role of caregiver burden. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:3. [PMID: 31898490 PMCID: PMC6941264 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms of Chinese family caregivers of older people with disabilities, and to evaluate the role of caregiver burden as a potential mediator of that relationship. METHODS A survey questionnaire was completed face-to-face by 567 primary family caregivers of older people with disabilities in four provinces in China. Covariates that may affect depressive symptoms, such as the characteristics of disabled people (socio-economic factors, functional and cognitive capacity) and caregivers (caregiver duration and self-rated health of caregivers) were collected. Social support was measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS); depressive symptoms were assessed by the shortened 10 item version of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D); and the caregiver burden was assessed by the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms among caregivers was 37.7%. Higher levels of social support was negatively associated with lower depressive symptoms. This relationship was partially mediated by the caregiver burden, where higher levels of the caregiver burden were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, caregivers who were women, spent extended time in caregiving and were in poor health, reported significantly higher depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that social support was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in family caregivers and in the caregiver burden. The caregiver burden partially mediated the social support-depressive symptoms association. Interventions for family caregivers should include increasing social support, health monitoring and structured interventions to reduce the caregiver burden and attenuate family caregivers' depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhong
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Jian Wang
- Dong Furen Institute of Economic and Social Development, Wuhan University, 54 Dongsi Lishi Hutong, Beijing, 100010 China
| | - Stephen Nicholas
- School of Economics and School of Management, Tianjin Normal University, West Bin Shui Avenue, Tianjin, 300074 People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute for International Strategies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Baiyun Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510420 People’s Republic of China
- TOP Education Institute 1 Central Avenue Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh Sydney, NSW 2015 Australia
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Newcastle, NSW 2308 Australia
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Abstract
AIMS Rural and remote regions tend to be characterised by poorer socioeconomic conditions than urban areas, yet findings regarding differences in mental health between rural and urban areas have been inconsistent. This suggests that other features of these areas may reduce the impact of hardship on mental health. Little research has explored the relationship of financial hardship or deprivation with mental health across geographical areas. METHODS Data were analysed from a large longitudinal Australian study of the mental health of individuals living in regional and remote communities. Financial hardship was measured using items from previous Australian national population research, along with measures of psychological distress (Kessler-10), social networks/support and community characteristics/locality, including rurality/remoteness (inner regional; outer regional; remote/very remote). Multilevel logistic regression modelling was used to examine the relationship between hardship, locality and distress. Supplementary analysis was undertaken using Australian Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey data. RESULTS 2161 respondents from the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (1879 households) completed a baseline survey with 26% from remote or very remote regions. A significant association was detected between the number of hardship items and psychological distress in regional areas. Living in a remote location was associated with a lower number of hardships, lower risk of any hardship and lower risk of reporting three of the seven individual hardship items. Increasing hardship was associated with no change in distress for those living in remote areas. Respondents from remote areas were more likely to report seeking help from welfare organisations than regional residents. Findings were confirmed with sensitivity tests, including replication with HILDA data, the use of alternative measures of socioeconomic circumstances and the application of different analytic methods. CONCLUSIONS Using a conventional and nationally used measure of financial hardship, people residing in the most remote regions reported fewer hardships than other rural residents. In contrast to other rural residents, and national population data, there was no association between such hardship and mental health among residents in remote areas. The findings suggest the need to reconsider the experience of financial hardship across localities and possible protective factors within remote regions that may mitigate the psychological impact of such hardship.
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van Gaans D, Dent E. Issues of accessibility to health services by older Australians: a review. Public Health Rev 2018; 39:20. [PMID: 30027001 PMCID: PMC6047130 DOI: 10.1186/s40985-018-0097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review provides an in-depth investigation into the difficulties facing older Australians when accessing health care services. METHODS A literature search was conducted in December 2016 using Academic Premier to identify relevant publications. Key search terms were accessibility, health service, older people and Australia. Papers published between 1999 and 2016 were included. Statements of accessibility were extracted and then grouped using the five dimensions of accessibility by Penchansky and Thomas (1981): availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability and acceptability. RESULTS Forty-one papers were included. Availability issues identified were inadequate health care services, particularly for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations and those residing in rural areas. Accessibility issues included difficulties accessing transport to health care services, which in turn restricted choice of appointment time. Issues of accommodation identified were long waiting times for appointments with both general practitioners and medical specialists. Affordability was a common problem, compounded by multi-morbidity requiring high health care use. Issues of acceptability centred on the role of the family, feelings of shame when receiving care from a non-family member, traditional practices and gender sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The contribution of factors to health service accessibility varies according to an older person's geographical local and their accessibility to transport, as well as their level of multi-morbidity and cultural background. Improving access to health services could be improved by matching services to the population that they serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah van Gaans
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Elsa Dent
- Centre for Positive Ageing and Wellbeing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
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Henderson J, Javanparast S, MacKean T, Freeman T, Baum F, Ziersch A. Commissioning and equity in primary care in Australia: Views from Primary Health Networks. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2018; 26:80-89. [PMID: 28608451 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports findings from 55 stakeholder interviews undertaken in six Primary Health Networks (PHNs) in Australia as part of a study of the impact of population health planning in regional primary health organisations on service access and equity. Primary healthcare planning is currently undertaken by PHNs which were established in 2015 as commissioning organisations. This was a departure from the role of Medicare Locals, the previous regional primary health organisations which frequently provided services. This paper addresses perceptions of 23 senior staff, 11 board members and 21 members of clinical and community advisory councils or health priority groups from six case study PHNs on the impact of commissioning on equity. Participants view the collection of population health data as facilitating service access through redistributing services on the basis of need and through bringing objectivity to decision-making about services. Conversely, participants question the impact of the political and geographical context and population profile on capacity to improve service access and equity through service commissioning. Service delivery was seen as fragmented, the model is at odds with the manner in which Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs) operate and rural regions lack services to commission. As a consequence, reliance upon commissioning of services may not be appropriate for the Australian primary healthcare context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Henderson
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sara Javanparast
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tamara MacKean
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Toby Freeman
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fran Baum
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna Ziersch
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society, and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Depression and Risk of Unintentional Injury in Rural Communities-A Longitudinal Analysis of the Australian Rural Mental Health Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14091080. [PMID: 28926999 PMCID: PMC5615617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14091080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Limited longitudinal research has examined relationships between depression and injury, particularly in rural contexts. This paper reports cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses from the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (ARMHS) exploring relationships between "probable depression" episodes and unintentional injury. Participants completed four surveys over five years. Multivariate logistic regressions were employed to assess the causal effect of prior depression episodes on subsequent injury risk. Of 2621 baseline participants, 23.3% experienced a probable depression episode recently and 15.9% reported a serious injury during the previous 12 months. Factors associated with a 12-month injury at baseline included male gender, being unemployed or unable to work, being involved in a serious incident, hazardous alcohol use, and having experienced a recent depression episode. Longitudinal analyses revealed that probable depression was significantly associated with subsequent unintentional injury (OR 1.68, 99%CI 1.20-2.35), as was male gender (OR 1.39, 99%CI 1.06-1.82), while alcohol consumption did not mediate these relationships. Campaigns to reduce the impact of mental illness should consider unintentional injuries as a contributor, while injury prevention initiatives may benefit from addressing mental health issues. Such strategies are particularly important in rural and remote areas where injuries are more common and mental health services are less readily available.
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Handley TE, Kelly BJ, Lewin TJ, Coleman C, Stain HJ, Weaver N, Inder KJ. Long-term effects of lifetime trauma exposure in a rural community sample. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1176. [PMID: 26607329 PMCID: PMC4660633 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examines the long-term outcomes of lifetime trauma exposure, including factors that contribute to the development of PTSD, in a sample of rural adults. Methods In 623 rural community residents, lifetime trauma exposure, PTSD, other psychiatric disorders and lifetime suicidal ideation were assessed using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Logistic regressions were used to examine relationships between potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and lifetime PTSD and other diagnoses. Results 78.2 % of participants reported at least on PTE. Rates were broadly comparable with Australian national data: the most commonly endorsed events were unexpected death of a loved one (43.7 %); witnessing injury or death (26.3 %); and life-threatening accident (19.3 %). While the mean age of the sample was 55 years, the mean age of first trauma exposure was 19 years. The estimated lifetime rate of PTSD was 16.0 %. Events with the strongest association with PTSD were physical assault and unexpected death of a loved one. Current functioning was lowest among those with current PTSD, with this group reporting elevated psychological distress, higher mental health service use, a greater number of comorbidities, and lower perceived social support. Respondents with a past PTE but no PTSD history were generally similar in terms of their current wellbeing to those with no lifetime PTE. Conclusions PTEs may have diverse psychological and social consequences beyond the development of PTSD. Ensuring that adequate support services are available in rural areas, particularly in the period immediately following a PTE, may reduce the long-term impact of traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonelle E Handley
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Level 5 McAuley Building, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia. .,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Brian J Kelly
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Terry J Lewin
- Hunter New England Mental Health Services, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Clare Coleman
- Sydney Centre for ATSI Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Helen J Stain
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Durham, UK.
| | - Natasha Weaver
- Research Services, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kerry J Inder
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Level 5 McAuley Building, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia. .,School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Vins H, Bell J, Saha S, Hess JJ. The Mental Health Outcomes of Drought: A Systematic Review and Causal Process Diagram. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:13251-75. [PMID: 26506367 PMCID: PMC4627029 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121013251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is understood about the long term, indirect health consequences of drought (a period of abnormally dry weather). In particular, the implications of drought for mental health via pathways such as loss of livelihood, diminished social support, and rupture of place bonds have not been extensively studied, leaving a knowledge gap for practitioners and researchers alike. A systematic review of literature was performed to examine the mental health effects of drought. The systematic review results were synthesized to create a causal process diagram that illustrates the pathways linking drought effects to mental health outcomes. Eighty-two articles using a variety of methods in different contexts were gathered from the systematic review. The pathways in the causal process diagram with greatest support in the literature are those focusing on the economic and migratory effects of drought. The diagram highlights the complexity of the relationships between drought and mental health, including the multiple ways that factors can interact and lead to various outcomes. The systematic review and resulting causal process diagram can be used in both practice and theory, including prevention planning, public health programming, vulnerability and risk assessment, and research question guidance. The use of a causal process diagram provides a much needed avenue for integrating the findings of diverse research to further the understanding of the mental health implications of drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Vins
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Jesse Bell
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-NC, Asheville, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Shubhayu Saha
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Jeremy J Hess
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.
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“Undressing” distress among cancer patients living in urban, regional, and remote locations in Western Australia. Support Care Cancer 2015; 24:1963-1973. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-015-2982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wilson RL, Wilson GG, Usher K. Rural Mental Health Ecology: A Framework for Engaging with Mental Health Social Capital in Rural Communities. ECOHEALTH 2015; 12:412-420. [PMID: 26163020 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-015-1037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mental health of people in rural communities is influenced by the robustness of the mental health ecosystem within each community. Theoretical approaches such as social ecology and social capital are useful when applied to the practical context of promoting environmental conditions which maximise mental health helping capital to enhance resilience and reduce vulnerably as a buffer for mental illness. This paper explores the ecological conditions that affect the mental health and illness of people in rural communities. It proposes a new mental health social ecology framework that makes full use of the locally available unique social capital that is sufficiently flexible to facilitate mental health helping capital best suited to mental health service delivery for rural people in an Australian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda L Wilson
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| | - G Glenn Wilson
- Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Kim Usher
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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Handley TE, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Inder KJ, Lewin TJ, Attia JR, Fuller J, Perkins D, Coleman C, Weaver N, Kelly BJ. Self-reported contacts for mental health problems by rural residents: predicted service needs, facilitators and barriers. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:249. [PMID: 25193400 PMCID: PMC4172961 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural and remote Australians face a range of barriers to mental health care, potentially limiting the extent to which current services and support networks may provide assistance. This paper examines self-reported mental health problems and contacts during the last 12 months, and explores cross-sectional associations between potential facilitators/barriers and professional and non-professional help-seeking, while taking into account expected associations with socio-demographic and health-related factors. METHODS During the 3-year follow-up of the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (ARMHS) a self-report survey was completed by adult rural residents (N = 1,231; 61% female; 77% married; 22% remote location; mean age = 59 years), which examined socio-demographic characteristics, current health status factors, predicted service needs, self-reported professional and non-professional contacts for mental health problems in the last 12 months, other aspects of help-seeking, and perceived barriers. RESULTS Professional contacts for mental health problems were reported by 18% of the sample (including 14% reporting General Practitioner contacts), while non-professional contacts were reported by 16% (including 14% reporting discussions with family/friends). Perceived barriers to health care fell under the domains of structural (e.g., costs, distance), attitudinal (e.g., stigma concerns, confidentiality), and time commitments. Participants with 12-month mental health problems who reported their needs as met had the highest levels of service use. Hierarchical logistic regressions revealed a dose-response relationship between the level of predicted need and the likelihood of reporting professional and non-professional contacts, together with associations with socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, relationships, and financial circumstances), suicidal ideation, and attitudinal factors, but not geographical remoteness. CONCLUSIONS Rates of self-reported mental health problems were consistent with baseline findings, including higher rural contact rates with General Practitioners. Structural barriers displayed mixed associations with help-seeking, while attitudinal barriers were consistently associated with lower service contacts. Developing appropriate interventions that address perceptions of mental illness and attitudes towards help-seeking is likely to be vital in optimising treatment access and mental health outcomes in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonelle E Handley
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health, Callaghan, NSW Australia ,Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Orange, NSW Australia ,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Frances J Kay-Lambkin
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health, Callaghan, NSW Australia ,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Kerry J Inder
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health, Callaghan, NSW Australia ,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 1, Hunter Region Mail Centre, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Terry J Lewin
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - John R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 1, Hunter Region Mail Centre, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Jeffrey Fuller
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - David Perkins
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Orange, NSW Australia
| | - Clare Coleman
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Orange, NSW Australia
| | - Natasha Weaver
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 1, Hunter Region Mail Centre, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Brian J Kelly
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health, Callaghan, NSW Australia
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Inder KJ, Handley TE, Johnston A, Weaver N, Coleman C, Lewin TJ, Slade T, Kelly BJ. Determinants of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: parallel cross-sectional analyses examining geographical location. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:208. [PMID: 25053114 PMCID: PMC4227072 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide death rates in Australia are higher in rural than urban communities however the contributors to this difference remain unclear. Geographical differences in suicidal ideation and attempts were explored using two datasets encompassing urban and rural community residents to examine associations between socioeconomic, demographic and mental health factors. Differing patterns of association between psychiatric disorder and suicidal ideation and attempts as geographical remoteness increased were investigated. METHODS Parallel cross-sectional analyses were undertaken using data from the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (2007-NSMHWB, n = 8,463), under-representative of remote and very remote residents, and selected participants from the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (ARMHS, n = 634), over-representative of remote and very remote residents. Uniform measures of suicidal ideation and attempts and mental disorder using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI-3.0) were used in both datasets. Geographic region was classified into major cities, inner regional and other. A series of logistic regressions were undertaken for the outcomes of 12-month and lifetime suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts, adjusting for age, gender and psychological distress. A sub-analysis of the ARMHS sample was undertaken with additional variables not available in the 2007-NSMHWB dataset. RESULTS Rates and determinants of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts across geographical region were similar. Psychiatric disorder was the main determinant of 12-month and lifetime suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts across all geographical regions. For lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts, marital status, employment status, perceived financial adversity and mental health service use were also important determinants. In the ARMHS sub-analysis, higher optimism and better perceived infrastructure and service accessibility tended to be associated with a lower likelihood of lifetime suicidal ideation, when age, gender, psychological distress, marital status and mental health service use were taken into account. CONCLUSIONS Rates and determinants of suicidal ideation and attempts did not differ according to geographical location. Psychiatric disorder, current distress, employment and financial adversity remain important factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempts across all regions in Australia. Regional characteristics that influence availability of services and lower personal optimism may also be associated with suicidal ideation in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry J Inder
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, New South Wales (NSW), Australia.
| | - Tonelle E Handley
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Amy Johnston
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Natasha Weaver
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Clare Coleman
- Sydney Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Statistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Terry J Lewin
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, New South Wales (NSW) Australia ,Hunter New England Mental Health Service, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Brian J Kelly
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, New South Wales (NSW) Australia
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Tuchscherer M, Kanitz E, Puppe B, Hameister T, Tuchscherer A. Social support modulates splenocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity in piglets exposed to social deprivation stress. Physiol Behav 2014; 131:25-32. [PMID: 24732413 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that positive social interactions can attenuate the effects of stressful life experiences. However, little is known about the benefits of social partners on stress responses in farm animals. Therefore, in this study we examined the effects of social support on the endocrine and immune stress responses to a single 4h social deprivation in domestic piglets at 7, 21 or 35days of age. The piglets were socially deprived of their mother and littermates. They were left alone (DA) or in the presence of a familiar (DF) or unfamiliar (DU) age-matched piglet. Non-socially deprived piglets served as a control. DA piglets displayed elevated plasma cortisol levels, higher lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated proliferation of splenocytes and increased TNF-α and IL-6 production in splenocyte cultures than the control piglets. There were no significant buffering effects of social partners on stress-induced plasma cortisol levels and splenocyte proliferation in response to LPS. However, the presence of an age-matched conspecific diminished the IL-6 production by splenocytes in younger, socially deprived piglets, and it reduced the TNF-α release in the older piglets. Compared to the controls, LPS-stimulated splenocytes from DA piglets were more resistant to the inhibitory effects of cortisol, which was demonstrated by a higher proliferative response and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The dose-dependent cortisol resistance was attenuated by the presence of a familiar or an unfamiliar conspecific at each of the three age categories. Indeed, in the present study, the familiarity level of the social partners did not seem to play a role in the alleviation of social stress-induced inflammatory activity and splenocyte cortisol resistance. In addition, the buffering effect of social support provided by an age-matched conspecific was more pronounced in older piglets. Conclusively, these findings suggest that social support is an important factor for enhancing piglets' abilities to cope with stressful challenges, and it may be a key approach needed to improve the health and welfare of farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret Tuchscherer
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Ellen Kanitz
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Birger Puppe
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Theresa Hameister
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Allen J, Inder KJ, Lewin TJ, Attia JR, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Baker AL, Hazell T, Kelly BJ. Integrating and extending cohort studies: lessons from the eXtending Treatments, Education and Networks in Depression (xTEND) study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2013; 13:122. [PMID: 24093910 PMCID: PMC3856520 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-13-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic studies often struggle to adequately represent populations and outcomes of interest. Differences in methodology, data analysis and research questions often mean that reviews and synthesis of the existing literature have significant limitations. The current paper details our experiences in combining individual participant data from two existing cohort studies to address questions about the influence of social factors on health outcomes within a representative sample of urban to remote areas of Australia. The eXtending Treatments, Education and Networks in Depression study involved pooling individual participant data from the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (T0 N = 2639) and the Hunter Community Study (T0 N = 3253) as well as conducting a common three-year follow-up phase (T1 N = 3513). Pooling these data extended the capacity of these studies by: enabling research questions of common interest to be addressed; facilitating the harmonization of baseline measures; permitting investigation of a range of psychosocial, physical and contextual factors over time; and contributing to the development and implementation of targeted interventions for persons experiencing depression and alcohol issues. Discussion The current paper describes the rationale, challenges encountered, and solutions devised by a project aiming to maximise the benefits derived from existing cohort studies. We also highlight opportunities for such individual participant data analyses to assess common assumptions in research synthesis, such as measurement invariance, and opportunities for extending ongoing cohorts by conducting a common follow-up phase. Summary Pooling individual participant data can be a worthwhile venture, particularly where adequate representation is beyond the scope of existing research, where the effects of interest are small though important, where events are of relatively low frequency or rarely observed, and where issues are of immediate regional or national interest. Benefits such as these can enhance the utility of existing projects and strengthen requests for further research funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Allen
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Quality of life impact of cardiovascular and affective conditions among older residents from urban and rural communities. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013; 11:140. [PMID: 23945355 PMCID: PMC3751480 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The demographic, health and contextual factors associated with quality of life impairment are investigated in older persons from New South Wales, Australia. We examine the impact of cardiovascular and affective conditions on impairment and the potential moderating influence of comorbidity and remoteness. Methods Data from persons aged 55 and over were drawn from two community cohorts sampling from across urban to very remote areas. Hierarchical linear regressions were used to assess: 1) the impact of cardiovascular and affective conditions on physical and psychological quality of life impairment; and 2) any influence of remoteness on these effects (N = 4364). Remoteness was geocoded to participants at the postal code level. Secondary data sources were used to examine the social capital and health service accessibility correlates of remoteness. Results Physical impairment was consistently associated with increased age, male gender, lower education, being unmarried, retirement, stroke, heart attack/angina, depression/anxiety, diabetes, hypertension, current obesity and low social support. Psychological impairment was consistently associated with lower age, being unmarried, stroke, heart attack/angina, depression/anxiety and low social support. Remoteness tended to be associated with lower psychological impairment, largely reflecting overall urban versus rural differences. The impacts of cardiovascular and affective conditions on quality of life were not influenced by remoteness. Social capital increased and health service accessibility decreased with remoteness, though no differences between outer-regional and remote/very remote areas were observed. Trends suggested that social capital was associated with lower psychological impairment and that the influence of cardiovascular conditions and social capital on psychological impairment was greater for persons with a history of affective conditions. The beneficial impact of social capital in reducing psychological impairment was more marked for those experiencing financial difficulty. Conclusions Cardiovascular and affective conditions are key determinants of physical and psychological impairment. Persons affected by physical-psychological comorbidity experience greater psychological impairment. Social capital is associated with community remoteness and may ameliorate the psychological impairment associated with affective disorders and financial difficulties. The use of classifications of remoteness that are sensitive to social and health service accessibility determinants of health may better inform future investigations into the impact of context on quality of life outcomes.
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