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Saeidi A, Motamedi P, Hoteit M, Sadek Z, Ramadan W, Dara MM, Almaqhawi A, Shahrbanian S, Abednatanzi H, Escobar KA, Pashaei Z, Al Kiyumi MH, Laher I, Zouhal H. Impact of spinach thylakoid extract-induced 12-week high-intensity functional training on specific adipokines in obese males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2398467. [PMID: 39308032 PMCID: PMC11421126 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2398467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity presents multifarious etiopathologies with its management being a global challenge. This article presents the first ever report on the impact of spinach thylakoid extract-induced high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on obesity management via regulating the levels of novel adipokine, C1q/TNF-related Protein-12 (CTRP-12), furin, and Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF-15). METHODS Sixty-eight obese male subjects were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CG), supplement group (SG), training group (TG), and the combined training and supplement group (TSG). After initial assessments of all groups, the training group commenced a twelve-week HIFT using the CrossFit program (comprising of three training sessions per week, each lasting 30 min). Eligible candidates were randomly assigned to either receive thylakoid-rich spinach extract (5 g per day) or a matching placebo (5 g per day of corn starch, 30 min before lunch) for a total duration of 12 weeks. All required data and investigations were collected at 48 h pre- and post-training. RESULTS The results indicated a substantial correlation between exercise and the time of KLF-15, furin, and CTRP-12 demonstrating effect sizes of 0.3, 0.7, and 0.6, respectively. Additionally, the training and supplementation group (TSG) exhibited a substantial decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels (p < 0.0001). Concurrently, there was a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, a notable difference between the groups emerged in HDL, LDL, TC, and TG levels, supported by effect sizes of 0.73, 0.86, 0.96, and 0.89, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study offered novel insights into the management of obesity using supplements induced by spinach-derived thylakoid extract during a 12-week HIFT program. The proposed combination intervention may reverse obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunctions by positive regulation of CTRP-12/adipolin and KLF15 and simultaneous suppression of furin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- University of Kurdistan, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Pezhman Motamedi
- Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Sport Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maha Hoteit
- California State University, Department of Kinesiology, Long Beach, CA, USA
- University of Tabriz, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadek
- Sultan Qaboos University, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Muscat, Oman
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Wiam Ramadan
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Shahnaz Shahrbanian
- Kharazmi University, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kurt A Escobar
- National Council for Scientific Research-Lebanon (CNRS-L), Food Science Unit, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zhaleh Pashaei
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health, Section I, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health, Section I, Beirut, Lebanon
- Lebanese University, Laboratory of Motor System, Handicap and Rehabilitation (MOHAR), Faculty of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ismail Laher
- Lebanese International University (LIU), Lebanese Institutes for Biomedical Research and Application (LIBRA), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
- King Faisal University, Department of Family Medicine and Community, College of Medicine, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Sharp T, Slattery K, Coutts AJ, van Gogh M, Ralph L, Wallace L. Solving the High-Intensity Multimodal Training Prescription Puzzle: A Systematic Mapping Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:82. [PMID: 39039351 PMCID: PMC11263329 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-Intensity Multimodal Training (HIMT) refers to all styles of high-intensity combined aerobic, resistance and/or bodyweight exercise. Previous heterogeneity in exercise prescription and reporting in HIMT reduces the understanding of which factors should be considered when prescribing HIMT (e.g., exercise volume, intensity, duration). Previous studies have demonstrated positive effects of HIMT on health and performance outcomes. However, methodological disparities limit comparisons between findings. The objective of this systematic mapping review was to examine which prescriptive considerations and health and performance outcomes have been reported on in HIMT. This review also examined the quantity and trends of research conducted on HIMT. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid Medline, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases and additional sources to identify studies up until February 2023. A total of 37,090 records were retrieved, of which 220 were included for review. 246 individual HIMT protocols were included for categorical analysis against the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and Applied Research Model for the Sport Sciences (ARMSS). RESULTS A total of 85 unique terms were used to describe HIMT. Included studies most commonly prescribed HIMT using a consistent exercise selection and circuit format. Exercise intensity was inconsistently reported on and a large proportion of studies prescribed 'high-intensity' exercise at a level lower than the American College of Sports Medicine criteria for high-intensity (i.e., < 77% heart rate maximum). Participation location, supervision and participation format were the most commonly reported non-training variables. The most frequently reported outcomes were cardiovascular health, perceptual outcomes, body composition and biochemical outcomes. A large proportion of previous HIMT research was experimental in design. CONCLUSIONS Previous HIMT research demonstrates a lack of standardisation in reporting. Future studies should seek to follow guidelines (i.e., CERT) to improve reporting rigour. Additionally, forthcoming research should attempt to actively involve practitioners in implementation studies to improve ecological validity among interventions. Finally, future outcome measures should be accessible in practice and reflect common training goals of participants. REGISTRATION This review adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PREREGISTRATION osf.io/yknq4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Sharp
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Katie Slattery
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Aaron J Coutts
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mikah van Gogh
- Australian College of Physical Education, 10 Parkview Dr, Sydney Olympic Park, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lara Ralph
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Lee Wallace
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Handlery R, Handlery K, Kahl D, Koon L, Regan EW. High intensity functional training for people with spinal cord injury & their care partners. Spinal Cord 2024; 62:357-366. [PMID: 38519564 PMCID: PMC11230911 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-024-00977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Non-randomized clinical trial. OBJECTIVES Examine the feasibility, physical and psychosocial effects of a high intensity functional training (HIFT) exercise program for people with spinal cord injury (pSCI) and their care partners (CPs). SETTING Community fitness center in a Medically Underserved Area (Fort Smith, USA.) METHODS: A single-group design with three assessment points (before the program, at midpoint (13 weeks), and post-program (25 weeks) was used to examine the effects of up to 49 HIFT sessions over 25-weeks. Sessions were 60 to 75 min in duration and adapted to the abilities of participants. Feasibility measures included recruitment, retention, attendance, safety and fidelity (exercise intensity rated via session-Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Physical measures included cardiovascular endurance, anaerobic power, and muscular strength. Psychosocial measures included perceived social support for exercise, exercise self-efficacy and health-related quality of life. RESULTS Fourteen pSCI (7 with paraplegia and 7 with tetraplegia, 2 females) and 6 CPs (4 females) were included (median age = 60) (IQR = 15.8). Recruitment rates were 40% for pSCI and 32% for CPs. On average, participants attended 73% (22%) of exercise sessions with a median session-RPE of 5 (IQR = 1). Retention rates were 83% and 67% for pSCI and CPs, respectively. For pSCI and their CPs, large effect sizes were observed for cardiovascular endurance, anaerobic power, muscular strength, and social support for exercise. CONCLUSIONS For pSCI and their CPs, HIFT appears feasible and potentially leads to improvements in physical and psychosocial health for both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Handlery
- Arkansas Colleges of Health Education, School of Physical Therapy, 7006 Chad Colley Blvd, Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA.
| | - Kaci Handlery
- Arkansas Colleges of Health Education, School of Physical Therapy, 7006 Chad Colley Blvd, Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Dana Kahl
- Arkansas Colleges of Health Education, School of Physical Therapy, 7006 Chad Colley Blvd, Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Lyndsie Koon
- Research and Training Center on Independent Living, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Regan
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Physical Therapy Program, Columbia, SC, USA
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Mocco A, Valmaggia L, Bernardi L, Alfieri M, Tarricone I. Enhancing Physical Activity with Immersive Virtual Reality: A Systematic Review. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:303-317. [PMID: 38506442 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to review how immersive virtual reality-enhanced physical activity (IVR-PA) can be used to improve psychological, physiological, and performance outcomes linked to exercising and to compare it with non-immersive virtual reality-enhanced physical activity (nIVR-PA) and with traditional physical activity (TR-PA). We also aimed to explore the effectiveness of IVR-PA in promoting psychological well-being and engagement in physical activity. A systematic literature review (Prospero CRD42022330572) was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. OVID (including Medline, Embase, GlobalHealth, and APA PsychInfo), Web of Science, and Sport Discuss were searched. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment. The search identified 26,548 titles. After screening, 20 studies (the total number of participants was 798) published between 2009 and 2023 were included in this systematic review. The quality of the studies was rated as weak (n = 9), moderate (n = 10), or strong (n = 1). Overall, the reviewed studies indicated that, compared with TR-PA and nIVR-PA, IVR-PA was associated with an increase in enjoyment of physical activity, a reduction in perceived exertion, and increased rates of self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, and exercise intention. Furthermore, some studies showed higher muscular strength and aerobic increase after an IVR-PA intervention compared with TR-PA. The findings suggest that IVR-PA can improve psychological, physiological, and performance outcomes linked to exercising, as well as improving psychological well-being and engagement in physical activity. However, owing to the methodological limitations of the reviewed studies, further research is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Mocco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- ORYGEN, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lara Bernardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Alfieri
- PGY-3 Resident in Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tarricone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Cebrián-Ponce Á, Serafini S, Petri C, Carrasco-Marginet M, Izzicupo P, Mascherini G. Somatotype and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis of Italian CrossFit® practitioners. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29139. [PMID: 38655297 PMCID: PMC11035999 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives CrossFit® is a high-intensity sport characterized by various workouts that require strength, speed, endurance, or agility, impacting participants' body composition. This observational study aimed to determine the morphological (anthropometrical and bioelectrical) profile of CrossFit® athletes and to compare them with other athletic populations. Methods Anthropometrical measurements and bioelectrical vector analysis (classic and specific approaches) were performed on 145 CrossFit® practitioners (107 men aged 30.7 ± 8.4 years and 38 women aged 28.1 ± 6.7 years). Each participant's relative somatotype was calculated and compared between sexes and with a Spanish CrossFit® athletes' group. Resistance-reactance graphs and Hotelling's T2 test were applied to characterize the sample, compare them with an athletes' reference population, and identify differences between somatotype groups. Results The most represented somatotype in both groups was the balanced mesomorph (male 3.5-5.2 - 1.7 and female 4.4-4.5 - 1.8). Compared with Spanish CrossFit® athletes, significant differences were denoted for men but not women (SAD = 2.3). The bioelectrical graphs indicated that the distribution of CrossFit® athletes is quite heterogeneous and within average values for the athlete's reference. The mesomorphic and endomorphic components were associated with a higher phase angle. Conclusions CrossFit® practitioners predominantly present a mesomorphic component and show a body type like other power athletes, although with less pronounced characteristics. The somatotype may influence the vector's position in the RXc graphs. This study provided the bioelectrical tolerance ellipses for CrossFit® practitioners in classic and specific approaches for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álex Cebrián-Ponce
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sofia Serafini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristian Petri
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Carrasco-Marginet
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabriele Mascherini
- Exercise Science Laboratory Applied to Medicine “Mario Marella”, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
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McGibbon CA, Sexton A, Gryfe P. Exercising with a robotic exoskeleton can improve memory and gait in people with Parkinson's disease by facilitating progressive exercise intensity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4417. [PMID: 38388571 PMCID: PMC10883950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
People with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) can benefit from progressive high-intensity exercise facilitated with a lower-extremity exoskeleton, but the mechanisms explaining these benefits are unknown. We explored the relationship between exercise intensity progression and memory and gait outcomes in PwPD who performed 8 weeks (2 × per week) of progressive exercise with and without a lower-extremity powered exoskeleton, as the planned exploratory endpoint analysis of an open-label, parallel, pilot randomized controlled trial. Adults 50-85 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of PD participated. Twenty-seven participants randomized to exercise with (Exo = 13) or without (Nxo = 14) the exoskeleton were included in this exploratory endpoint analysis. Detailed exercise logs were kept and actigraphy was used to measure activity count*min-1 (ACPM) during all exercise sessions. Only the Exo group were able to progressively increase their ACPM over the entire 8-week intervention, whereas the Nxo group plateaued after 4 weeks. Exercise intensity progression correlated with change in the memory sub-scale of the SCOPA-COG and change in gait endurance from the 6MWT, consistent with the prevailing hypotheses linking high-intensity interval exercise to improved muscle and brain function via angiogenic and neurotrophic mechanisms. Facilitating high-intensity exercise with advanced rehabilitation technology is warranted for improving memory and gait endurance in PwPD.Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03583879 (7/10/2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A McGibbon
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 25 Dineen Dr, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
| | - Andrew Sexton
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 25 Dineen Dr, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Pearl Gryfe
- Assistive Technology Clinic, 107 Grenadier Cres, Thornhill, ON, L4J 7V7, Canada
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Cao M, Yang B, Tang Y, Wang C, Yin L. Effects of low-volume functional and running high-intensity interval training on physical fitness in young adults with overweight/obesity. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1325403. [PMID: 38357496 PMCID: PMC10864534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1325403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined and compared the effects of functional and running high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular fitness of young adults with overweight or obesity. Methods: Forty-five participants (22.1 ± 2.1 years, BMI = 25.2 ± 1.0 kg/m2) were assigned to functional HIIT (HIIT-F; n = 15), running HIIT (HIIT-R; n = 15), or non-training control group (CON; n = 15). Participants in HIIT-F and HIIT-R performed functional exercise based-HIIT (four sets of all-out whole-body exercises including jumping jacks, squats, twist jumps and mountain climbers, et al.) and running HIIT (four sets of running on a treadmill) for 12 weeks, respectively. Body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed pre and post intervention. Results: Both HIIT-F and HIIT-R significantly improved the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness, with HIIT-F induced greater improvements in lean mass (+1.623 vs. -1.034 kg, p < 0.001), back strength (+6.007 vs. +3.333 kg, p < 0.01), and push-ups (+5.692 vs. 1.923 reps, p < 0.001) than that in HIIT-R. HIIT-R reduced more visceral fat area (VFA) (-11.416 vs. -4.338 cm2, p = 0.052) and induced similar improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max, +2.192 vs. +2.885 mL/kg/min, p = 0.792) with HIIT-F. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of HIIT-R or HIIT-F improved physical fitness among young adults with overweight or obesity. Despite the similar impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, HIIT-F generates a better positive effect on muscular fitness relative to HIIT-R, which could be partly explained by the greater increase in lean mass after HIIT-F intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cao
- Sports College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baiquan Yang
- Sports College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yucheng Tang
- Sports College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- Sports College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Cavaggioni L, Gilardini L, Croci M, Formenti D, Merati G, Bertoli S. The usefulness of Integrative Neuromuscular Training to counteract obesity: a narrative review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:22-32. [PMID: 37775520 PMCID: PMC10746545 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The association between physical activity and diet has a valuable impact in weight status management to counteract obesity. In this context, within different training strategies (i.e., endurance, resistance training, concurrent training, agility training) the Integrative Neuromuscular Training (INT) represents a structured training mode focused on global human movement pattern development with the aim to enhance motor control, mobility and stability. In this narrative review we aimed to discuss the feasibility of INT interventions on physical fitness and body composition outcomes in individuals with obesity. SUBJECTS Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar including were searched before 1st February 2023 without restrictions on publication year. METHODS Two researchers extracted data from published trials. Randomized controlled trials or clinical trials, Body Mass Index of children and adolescents at the 95% percentile or greater, and for adults to be above 30 kg/m2, detailed intervention description, randomization process and allocation into an experimental or a control group, trials must have been written in English, were included. RESULTS We included a total of 19 studies complying with the inclusion criteria for the review process. There is evidence that INT promotes positive adaptations in fitness levels in both younger and older participants with concomitant ameliorations during a shorter, medium and longer time period. Moreover, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, balance, postural control and body composition reached significant remarkable improvements following a specific intervention based on INT principles compared to other training mode. However, Body Mass Index, fat mass percentage and waist circumference showed similar changes overtime. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings support the effectiveness of INT in ameliorating physical fitness (i.e., health-related and skill related components) without negative changes in body composition. Nevertheless, fitness coaches and therapists may consider this training modality a feasible option when prescribing physical exercise in outpatients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cavaggioni
- Obesity Unit - Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luisa Gilardini
- Obesity Unit - Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Croci
- Obesity Unit - Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Giampiero Merati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Obesity Unit - Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145, Milan, Italy
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Wang X, Soh KG, Samsudin S, Deng N, Liu X, Zhao Y, Akbar S. Effects of high-intensity functional training on physical fitness and sport-specific performance among the athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295531. [PMID: 38064433 PMCID: PMC10707569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to meta-analyze the impact of high-intensity functional training on athletes' physical fitness and sport-specific performance. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in five well-known academic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and the Cochrane Library) up to July 1, 2023. The literature screening criteria included: (1) studies involving healthy athletes, (2) a HIFT program, (3) an assessment of outcomes related to athletes' physical fitness or sport-specific performance, and (4) the inclusion of randomized controlled trials. The Physical Therapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS 13 medium- and high-quality studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review, involving 478 athletes aged between 10 and 24.5 years. The training showed a small to large effect size (ES = 0.414-3.351; all p < 0.05) in improving upper and lower body muscle strength, power, flexibility, and sport-specific performance. CONCLUSION High-intensity functional training effectively improves athletes' muscle strength, power, flexibility, and sport-specific performance but has no significant impact on endurance and agility. Future research is needed to explore the impact of high-intensity functional training on athletes' speed, balance, and technical and tactical performance parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Wang
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shamsulariffin Samsudin
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nuannuan Deng
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xutao Liu
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yue Zhao
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saddam Akbar
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Smith LE, Van Guilder GP, Dalleck LC, Lewis NR, Dages AG, Harris NK. A Preliminary Investigation into the Frequency Dose Effects of High-Intensity Functional Training on Cardiometabolic Health. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:688-699. [PMID: 38045746 PMCID: PMC10690508 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the effects of three weekly frequency doses of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on an array of cardiometabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Twenty-one men and women, randomized into one (HIFT1), two (HIFT2), or three (HIFT3) days per week of HIFT, completed 3-weeks of familiarization plus a 12-week progressive training program. Pre- and post-intervention, several cardiometabolic, body composition, oxygen consumption, metabolic syndrome severity, and perceptions of fitness measurements were assessed. Additionally, an exercise enjoyment survey was administered post-intervention. A Cohen's d was used to demonstrate within-group change effect size. Although this study was not fully powered, a one-way and two-way ANOVA were used to compare the dose groups to provide provisional insights. No differences were found when frequency dose groups were compared. Many cardiometabolic, body composition, and fitness improvements were seen within each group, with clinically meaningful improvements in the metabolic syndrome severity score (MSSS) (HIFT1: -0.105, d = 0.28; HIFT2: -0.382, d = 1.20; HIFT3: -0.467, d = 1.07), waist circumference (HIFT1: -4.1cm, d = 3.33; HIFT2: -5.4cm, d = 0.89; HIFT3: -0.7cm, d = 0.20), and blood glucose (HIFT1: -9.5mg/dL, d = 0.98; HIFT2: -4.9mg/dL, d = 1.00; HIFT3: -1.7mg/dL, d = 0.23). All three groups similarly reported high exercise enjoyment and likeliness to continue after the intervention. In conclusion, HIFT performed once, twice, or thrice a week elicits improvements in MetS and is considered enjoyable. HIFT, even at a low weekly dose, therefore represents a potential strategy to reduce the global MetS burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E Smith
- Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Gary P Van Guilder
- Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Lance C Dalleck
- Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Nicole R Lewis
- Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Allison G Dages
- Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Nigel K Harris
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Ehmann MM, LaFata EM, McCausland HC, Knudsen FM, Butryn ML. Perceived importance of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as a weight control strategy in behavioral weight loss. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:631-640. [PMID: 38090685 PMCID: PMC10712407 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has established the importance of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for weight control. One area of unexplored investigation is the relationship between individuals' perceptions of the importance of MVPA for weight control and MVPA engagement. This study examined the associations between the perceived importance of MVPA and MVPA engagement, weight loss, barriers to PA, and exercise enjoyment in adults enrolled in a long-term behavioral weight loss (BWL) intervention. Methods Adults (N = 301) with overweight/obesity (BMI = 27-45 kg/m2) completed an 18-month BWL intervention, followed by a no-intervention 18-month follow-up. At baseline, 6 months, 18 months (i.e., post-treatment), and 36 months (i.e., follow-up), participants ranked the importance of six strategies for weight control: keeping a food record, MVPA, light PA, self-weighing, small portions, and low-calorie diet. Observed MVPA (measured by accelerometer), percent weight loss, perceived barriers to PA, and exercise enjoyment were also measured at each assessment. Results Results showed that most participants perceived MVPA as a primary weight control strategy (first, second, or third most important) throughout the intervention, regardless of the weight control goal (weight loss vs. maintenance). Individuals who ranked MVPA as a primary strategy for weight control at concurrent time points, compared to those who did not, engaged in significantly more MVPA at post-treatment, had greater weight loss at follow-up, endorsed fewer barriers to PA at post-treatment and follow-up, and reported greater exercise enjoyment at baseline and post-treatment. Conclusion Perceived importance of MVPA was related to subjective experiences of MVPA, MVPA adherence, and weight loss in a long-term BWL intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marny M. Ehmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Erica M. LaFata
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hannah C. McCausland
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Francesca M. Knudsen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Meghan L. Butryn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for WeightEating and Lifestyle Science (WELL Center)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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12
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Supriya R, Shishvan SR, Kefayati M, Abednatanzi H, Razi O, Bagheri R, Escobar KA, Pashaei Z, Saeidi A, Shahrbanian S, Bagchi S, Sengupta P, Al Kiyumi MH, Heinrich KM, Zouhal H. Astaxanthin Supplementation Augments the Benefits of CrossFit Workouts on Semaphorin 3C and Other Adipokines in Males with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4803. [PMID: 38004197 PMCID: PMC10675419 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity and the use of nutritional supplements, including antioxidants, are recognized as efficacious approaches for the prevention and mitigation of obesity-related complications. This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of CrossFit training combined with astaxanthin (ASX) supplementation on some plasma adipokines in males with obesity. Sixty-eight males with obesity (BMI: 33.6 ± 1.4 kg·m-2) were randomly assigned into four groups: the control group (CG; n = 11), ASX supplementation group (SG; n = 11), CrossFit group (TG; n = 11), and training plus supplement group (TSG; n = 11). Participants underwent 12 weeks of supplementation with ASX or placebo (20 mg/day capsule daily), CrossFit training, or a combination of both interventions. Plasma levels of semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C), apelin, chemerin, omentin1, visfatin, resistin, adiponectin, leptin, vaspin, and RBP4 were measured 72 h before the first training session and after the last training session. The plasma levels of all measured adipokines were significantly altered in SG, TG, and TSG groups (p < 0.05). The reduction of resistin was significantly higher in TSG than in SG (p < 0.05). The plasma levels of omentin1 were significantly higher in both training groups of TG and TSG than SG (p < 0.05), although such a meaningful difference was not observed between both training groups (p > 0.05). Significant differences were found in the reductions of plasma levels of vaspin, visfatin, apelin, RBP4, chemerin, and SEMA3C between the SG and TSG groups (p < 0.05). The study found that a 12-week intervention using ASX supplementation and CrossFit exercises resulted in significant improvements in several adipokines among male individuals with obesity. Notably, the combined approach of supplementation and training had the most pronounced results. The findings presented in this study indicate that the supplementation of ASX and participation in CrossFit exercise have the potential to be effective therapies in mitigating complications associated with obesity and enhancing metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Supriya
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, SPEH, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
| | - Sevda Rahbari Shishvan
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 15847-15414, Iran; (S.R.S.); (M.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Movahed Kefayati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 15847-15414, Iran; (S.R.S.); (M.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Hossein Abednatanzi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 15847-15414, Iran; (S.R.S.); (M.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Razi University, Kermanshah 94Q5+6G3, Iran;
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran;
| | - Kurt A. Escobar
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Zhaleh Pashaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran;
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Shahrbanian
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran;
| | - Sovan Bagchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; (S.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; (S.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat P.O. Box 35, Oman;
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat P.O. Box 35, Oman
| | - Katie M. Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
- Research Department, The Phoenix, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé)—EA 1274, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France
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13
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Piras A, Raffi M. A Narrative Literature Review on the Role of Exercise Training in Managing Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2947. [PMID: 37998439 PMCID: PMC10671220 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with impaired carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, with concomitant absence of insulin secretion or reduced sensitivity to its metabolic effects. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a 30% more risk of developing heart failure and cardiovascular disease compared to healthy people. Heart and cardiovascular problems are the first cause of death worldwide and the main complications which lead to high healthcare costs. Such complications can be delayed or avoided by taking prescribed medications in conjunction with a healthy lifestyle (i.e., diet and physical activity). The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association recommend that diabetic people reduce total sedentary time by incorporating physical activity into their weekly routine. This narrative literature review aims to summarize and present the main guidelines, pre-exercise cardiovascular screening recommendations, and considerations for patients with diabetes and comorbidities who are planning to participate in physical activity programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Piras
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Raffi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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14
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Sharp T, Grandou C, Coutts AJ, Wallace L. Exploring subjective responses in high-intensity multimodal training: an online cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073659. [PMID: 37709335 PMCID: PMC10503379 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate exercise enjoyment in high-intensity multimodal training (HIMT) in current and previous HIMT participants and identify factors associated with HIMT that mediate exercise enjoyment and motivation. DESIGN AND SETTING A 124-item web-based survey was distributed to a cross-sectional voluntary convenience sample from August to the end of September 2021. PARTICIPANTS Global current and previous HIMT participants. RESULTS The final sample included 469 responses (completion rate: 61.6%). Among eligible respondents (n=434), 379 were current HIMT participants, 55 were previous HIMT participants. Current participants demonstrated high enjoyment (Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale). The most frequently reported reasons for increased enjoyment and motivation to continue HIMT in current participants included (1) it keeps me fit, (2) training in a group and (3) variety in a session. The most frequently reported reasons for reduced motivation to continue HIMT among previous HIMT participants included (1) other (injury, COVID-19 restrictions, low motivation, personal preferences), (2) work commitments and (3) I started another type of sport, exercise or training. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that HIMT is an enjoyable training method among current participants. The most commonly reported reasons for increased enjoyment and motivation were associated with the combined training method and the group environment. Reasons for reduced motivation to continue HIMT among previous HIMT participants may be related to commonly reported barriers to exercise and personal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Sharp
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clementine Grandou
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aaron J Coutts
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lee Wallace
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Fidalgo A, Joi S, Lattari E, de Oliveira B, Pilon R, Farinatti P, Monteiro W. Influence of HIIRT With Fixed and Self-Selected Recovery Intervals on Physiological, Affective, and Enjoyment Responses. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:678-686. [PMID: 35442176 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2042463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Recovery-interval strategies may influence physiological and psychological responses during highintensity interval resistance training (HIIRT). This study compared the intensity, performance, and psychological outcomes during all-out effort HIIRT performed with fixed (FRI) and self-selected (SSRI) recovery intervals. Methods: Sixteen trained males (27.2 ± 4.1 years; 84.5 ± 8.9 kg; 55.8 ± 7.1 mL.kg-1.min-1) performed HIIRT bouts interspersed with FRI (10 s) and SSRI (15.3 ± 7.9 s). Results: Relative heart rate (%HRmax) and oxygen uptake (%VO2Peak), number of repetitions, and psychological responses (affection: Feeling ScaleFS; Felt Arousal ScaleFAS; enjoyment: Physical Activity Enjoyment ScalePACES) were assessed. FRI and SSRI elicited similar relative average intensity (p > .05) (%HRmax: 88.1 ± 3.5% vs. 87.6 ± 3.0%; %VO2Peak: 55.3 ± 7.4% vs. 54.1 ± 8.1%, respectively). The number of repetitions similarly decreased in SSRI and FRI from rounds 1 to 4 (~15%; p < .006), with no difference of total volume across conditions (FRI: 358.6 ± 32 reps vs. SSRI:357.5 ± 28.2; p = .89). In each round, no difference between FRI and SSRI (p > .05) was found for FS (3- to 3.5 vs. 2- to 4, respectively) or FAS (2- to 4 vs. 2- to 4, respectively), while PACES was lower in FRI than SSRI (102.8 ± 15.8 vs. 109.2 ± 13.2; p = .04). Conclusion: In conclusion, relative intensity, total repetitions, and affective perception were not influenced by the strategy of recovery intervals. On the other hand, overall enjoyment was favored in SSRI vs. FRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno de Oliveira
- University of Rio de Janeiro State
- Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
| | | | | | - Walace Monteiro
- University of Rio de Janeiro State
- Salgado de Oliveira University
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16
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Yu H, Zhao X, Wu X, Yang J, Wang J, Hou L. High-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on patient quality of life in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13915. [PMID: 37626066 PMCID: PMC10457360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the quality of life (QOL) and mental health (MH) of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal databases were searched from their date of establishment to July, 2023. A total of 5798 articles were screened, of which 25 were included according to the eligibility criteria. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to analyze data from the same and different indicator categories, respectively. The fixed-effects model (FE) or random-effects model (RE) combined data based on the between-study heterogeneity. There were no statistically significant differences regarding QOL, physical component summary (PCS), mental component summary (MCS), and MH, including depression and anxiety levels, between the HIIT and MICT groups [SMD = 0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.18-0.61, Z = 1.06, P = 0.290; SMD = 0.10, 95% CI - 0.03-0.23, Z = 1.52, P = 0.128; SMD = 0.07, 95% CI - 0.05-0.20, Z = 1.13, P = 0.25; SMD = - 0.08, 95% CI - 0.40-0.25, Z = - 0.46, P = 0.646; WMD = 0.14. 95% CI - 0.56-0.84, Z = 0.39, P = 0.694, respectively]. HIIT significantly improved PCS in the coronary artery disease (CAD) population subgroup relative to MICT. HIIT was also significantly superior to MICT for physical role, vitality, and social function. We conclude that HIIT and MICT have similar effects on QOL and MH in patients with CVD, while HIIT is favorable for improving patients' self-perceived physiological functioning based on their status and social adjustment, and this effect is more significant in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohan Yu
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lijuan Hou
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Yu P, Zhu Z, He J, Gao B, Chen Q, Wu Y, Zhou J, Cheng Y, Ling J, Zhang J, Shi A, Huang H, Sun R, Gao Y, Li W, Liu X, Yan Z. Effects of high-intensity interval training, moderate-intensity continuous training, and guideline-based physical activity on cardiovascular metabolic markers, cognitive and motor function in elderly sedentary patients with type 2 diabetes (HIIT-DM): a protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1211990. [PMID: 37649720 PMCID: PMC10465302 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1211990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Sedentary behavior is of increasing concern in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to its potential adverse effects on cardiovascular health, cognitive function, and motor function. While regular exercise has been shown to improve the health of individuals with T2DM, the most effective exercise program for elderly sedentary patients with T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), and guideline-based physical activity programs on the cardiovascular health, cognitive function, and motor function of this specific population. Methods This study will be a randomized, assessor-blind, three-arm controlled trial. A total of 330 (1:1:1) elderly sedentary patients diagnosed with T2DM will be randomly assigned the HIIT group (10 × 1-min at 85-95% peak HR, intersperse with 1-min active recovery at 60-70% peak HR), MICT (35 min at 65-75% peak HR), and guideline-based group (guideline group) for 12 weeks training. Participants in the guideline group will receive 1-time advice and weekly remote supervision through smartphones. The primary outcomes will be the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after 12-weeks. Secondary outcomes will includes physical activity levels, anthropometric parameters (weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and body mass index), physical measurements (fat percentage, muscle percentage, and fitness rate), cardiorespiratory fitness indicators (blood pressure, heart rate, vital capacity, and maximum oxygen), biochemical markers (high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HbA1c), inflammation level (C-reactive protein), cognitive function (reaction time and dual-task gait test performance), and motor function (static balance, dynamic balance, single-task gait test performance, and grip strength) after 12 weeks. Discussion The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of HIIT, MICT, and a guideline-based physical activity program on elderly sedentary patients diagnosed with T2DM. Our hypothesis is that both HIIT and MICT will yield improvements in glucose control, cognitive function, cardiopulmonary function, metabolite levels, motor function, and physical fitness compared to the guideline group. Additionally, we anticipate that HIIT will lead to greater benefits in these areas. The findings from this study will provide valuable insights into the selection of appropriate exercise regimens for elderly sedentary individuals with T2DM. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Reproductive Hospital Affiliated with China Medical University (approval number: 202203). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants or their guardians. Upon completion, the authors will submit their findings to a peer-reviewed journal or academic conference for publication. Clinical trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, identifier ChiCTR2200061573.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zicheng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiahui He
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bohua Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Liaoning Province Sports Development Center, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yixuan Cheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ao Shi
- St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Huijing Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Runlu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- Cardiology Department, Liaoning Province Jinqiu Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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18
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Saeidi A, Saei MA, Mohammadi B, Zarei HRA, Vafaei M, Mohammadi AS, Barati M, Montazer M, Razi O, Kiyumi MHA, Laher I, Gholami M, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Supplementation with spinach-derived thylakoid augments the benefits of high intensity training on adipokines, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in males with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1141796. [PMID: 37576981 PMCID: PMC10422041 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1141796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) combined with spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation on some selected Adipokines and insulin resistance in males with obesity. Method Sixty-eight participants (mean age: 27.6 ± 8.4 yrs.; mean height: 168.4 ± 2.6 cm; mean weight: 95.7 ± 3.8 kg, mean BMI: 32.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were randomly divided into four groups of 17 per group: Control group (CG), Supplement group (SG), Training group (TG), and Training + supplement group (TSG). Following baseline measurements, the two training groups (TG and TSG) started the 12 weeks of exercise training program (3 sessions per week). A total of 36 sessions lasting up to 60 min were included in the HIFT program using the CrossFit program. The eligible participants received 5 g/day of thylakoid-rich spinach extract or matching placebo as 5 g/day of raw corn starch (one sachet, 30 min before lunch) for 12 weeks. Baseline assessments were obtained 48 hours before the start of the training protocols and 48 hours after the last training session in all groups. Results There were significant interactions (p<0.001 for all) between exercise and time for adiponectin (ES:0.48), leptin (ES:0.46), resistin (ES:0.3), omentin (ES:0.65), vaspin (ES:0.46), visfatin (ES:0.62), apelin (ES:0.42), RBP4 (ES:0.63), chemrin (0.36) and semaphorin3c (ES: 0.5). Plasma levels of semaphorin3c were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with body weight (r= 0.57), BMI (r= 0.43), FFM (r= -0.612), FAT (r= 0.768), VO2peak (r=-0.53), insulin (r= 0.756), glucose (r= 0.623), and HOMA-IR (r= 0.727). There were also significant group differences in insulin (ES: 0.77), glucose (ES: 0.21), and HOM-IR (ES: 0.44) (p<0.05). Discussion Our findings indicate that 12 weeks of HIFT supplemented with spinach-derived thylakoid reduced levels of leptin, resistin, vaspin, visfatin, apelin, RBP4, chemrin, semaphorin3c and insulin resistance while increasing adiponectin and omentin levels in men with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Saei
- Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Mohammadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Akbarzadeh Zarei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Vafaei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shayan Mohammadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Barati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Montazer
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of 87 Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mandana Gholami
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
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19
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Patterson MS, Francis AN, Gagnon LR, Prochnow T. I'll be there for you: The effects of exercise engagement on social support provision within undergraduate students' personal networks. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37437203 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2227730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To use social network analysis to examine exercise participation relative to health and wellness support provision within students' networks. Participants: 513 undergraduates from a large private university completed online surveys. Methods: Multilevel modeling assessed exercise engagement at the individual and dyadic level and support provision from network members. Results: More support was perceived by first and second-year students and individuals who reported more exercise engagement. Significant others, roommates, siblings, female network members, and those who exercised often provided greater support. Greater support was reported when both the participant and their social tie were involved in the campus group-exercise program. Conclusion: This study suggests individual and dyadic-level exercise was related to undergraduates feeling more supported. Findings support campus group exercise programs as opportunities to create reciprocal supportive ties for college students. Future research could further explore ways exercise and social support, particularly in group settings, affect health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Patterson
- Department, of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - A N Francis
- Department, of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - L R Gagnon
- Community Health Center of Southeast Kansas, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA
| | - T Prochnow
- Department, of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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20
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Koon LM, Hall JP, Arnold KA, Donnelly JE, Heinrich KM. High-Intensity Functional Training: Perceived Functional and Psychosocial Health-Related Outcomes from Current Participants with Mobility-Related Disabilities. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:116. [PMID: 37368566 DOI: 10.3390/sports11060116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with mobility-related disabilities (MRDs) experience many personal and environmental barriers to engagement in community-based exercise programs. We explored the experiences of adults with MRD who currently participate in high-intensity functional training (HIFT), an inclusive and accessible community-based exercise program. METHODS Thirty-eight participants completed online surveys with open-ended questions, with ten individuals also participating in semi-structured interviews via telephone with project PI. Surveys and interviews were designed to examine changes to perceived health, and the elements of HIFT that promote sustained participation. RESULTS Thematic analysis revealed themes related to health changes following HIFT participation including improved physical, functional, and psychosocial health outcomes. Other themes emerged within the HIFT environment that promoted adherence for participants such as accessible spaces and equipment, and inclusive HIFT sessions and competitions. Additional themes included participants' advice for the disability and healthcare communities. The resulting themes are informed by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. CONCLUSION The findings provide initial data on the potential effects of HIFT on multiple dimensions of health outcomes and contribute to the growing literature on community-based programs that are adaptable and inclusive for people with MRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsie M Koon
- Research and Training Center on Independent Living, Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Ave., Room 1052, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jean P Hall
- Research and Training Center on Independent Living, Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Ave., Room 1052, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Institute for Health and Disability Policy Studies (KU-IHDPS), Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Ave., Room 1052, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Kristen A Arnold
- Department of Special Education, School of Education, University of Kansas, 1122 W. Campus Rd., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Joseph E Donnelly
- Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management (DPAWM), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard Mailstop 1007, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Katie M Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Department of Research and Evaluation, The Phoenix, Denver, CO 64035, USA
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21
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Lastra-Rodríguez L, Llamas-Ramos I, Rodríguez-Pérez V, Llamas-Ramos R, López-Rodríguez AF. Musculoskeletal Injuries and Risk Factors in Spanish CrossFit ® Practitioners. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091346. [PMID: 37174888 PMCID: PMC10178070 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CrossFit® Training is a physical and sports-conditioning system based on constantly varied functional movements performed at high intensity. CrossFit® has been shown to significantly improve general physical performance and body composition. Although there seems to be an association between the practice of CrossFit® and musculoskeletal injuries, the relationship between CrossFit® and injury risks has been poorly studied. The main objective of this study was to establish the relationship between CrossFit® and musculoskeletal injuries. Secondary objectives were the analysis of various risk factors and injury and the comparison of the incidence of CrossFit® injuries to that of other sports. An online questionnaire was distributed to gyms affiliated with CrossFit®, Inc. in the Principality of Asturias, Spain in order to carry out a retrospective transversal descriptive study. The frequency of injuries in CrossFit® is similar to most sports. Injuries are often minor and of short duration, with the shoulder being the most affected joint complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inés Llamas-Ramos
- Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Donantes de Sangre s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- University Hospital of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente, 182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vicente Rodríguez-Pérez
- Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Donantes de Sangre s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocío Llamas-Ramos
- Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Donantes de Sangre s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana F López-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de León, Campus Universitario, AVDA Astorga, s/n, 24401 León, Spain
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22
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Ferrando-Terradez I, Dueñas L, Parčina I, Ćopić N, Petronijević S, Beltrami G, Pezzoni F, San Martín-Valenzuela C, Gijssel M, Moliterni S, Papageorgiou P, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y. Women's Involvement in Steady Exercise (WISE): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1279. [PMID: 37174821 PMCID: PMC10177760 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a serious public health problem for people of all ages and is currently the fourth highest global risk factor for mortality. The transition period from adolescence to adulthood coincides with a marked reduction in participation in physical activity, with more than 50% (and up to 80%) of young adults stopping physical activity. This decrease in physical activity is more evident in women than in men. Despite efforts, existing programs face challenges in effectively initiating and maintaining physical activity among individuals, particularly women, for extended durations. To address these limitations, the Women's Involvement in Steady Exercise (WISE) randomized controlled trial (RCT) seeks to assess the efficacy of a digital high-intensity training intervention complemented by nutritional plans and other health-related advice. METHODS The study will be a three-center, randomized (1:1), controlled, parallel-group trial with a six-month intervention period. A total of 300 participants will be recruited at three study sites in Spain, Serbia and Italy. The participants will be randomized to one of the two groups and will follow a six-month program. The primary outcome of the study is the daily step count. Self-reported physical activity, the adherence to the exercise program, body composition, physical activity enjoyment, quality of sleep and physical capacities will also be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lirios Dueñas
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multi-Specialty Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ivana Parčina
- Faculty of Sport, University “Union—Nikola Tesla”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Ćopić
- Faculty of Sport, University “Union—Nikola Tesla”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Constanza San Martín-Valenzuela
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Unit of Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Mental Disorder Assessment, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maarten Gijssel
- Kinetic Analysis, Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, 5211 DA ‘s-Hertogenbosh, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Department of Food Science and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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23
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Karatrantou K, Batatolis C, Chatzigiannis P, Vasilopoulou T, Melissopoulou A, Ioakimidis P, Gerodimos V. An Enjoyable Workplace Combined Exercise Program for Health Promotion in Trained Employees: Yoga, Pilates, and Circuit Strength Training. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11040084. [PMID: 37104158 PMCID: PMC10145485 DOI: 10.3390/sports11040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Corporate wellness has become an important public health priority through the designing and implementation of different workplace exercise interventions. The objectives of this study were to investigate: (a) the effectiveness of a 4-month workplace combined yoga, Pilates, and circuit strength training program (outside work shift) on health indices, functional capacity, and physical fitness in office employees; and (b) the employees' enjoyment following the program. Fifty physically active office employees (26-55 years old) were equally divided into training (TG) and control groups (CG). The TG followed a 4-month (3 times/week, 50-60 min/training) combined yoga, Pilates, and circuit strength training program. Health indices (body composition, body mass, circumferences, musculoskeletal pains), functional capacity (flexibility, balance), and physical fitness (strength, aerobic capacity) were measured before and after the 4-month time period. After the completion of the program, the TG participants' enjoyment was assessed. The TG significantly improved (p < 0.001) all health, functional capacity (11.3-82.0%), and physical fitness indices (33.9%), except for aerobic capacity, which did not change (p > 0.05). Furthermore, a great percentage of employees (84%) reported high levels of enjoyment. This program could be effectively and safely used in workplace settings as an enjoyable intervention to improve specific health, functional capacity, and physical fitness indices in office employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karatrantou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Christos Batatolis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Petros Chatzigiannis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Theodora Vasilopoulou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Anastasia Melissopoulou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ioakimidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Vassilis Gerodimos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
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24
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Karatrantou K, Gerodimos V. Does Obesity Affect Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Adaptations after a 3-Month Combined Exercise Program in Untrained Premenopausal Middle-Aged Women? Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11040082. [PMID: 37104156 PMCID: PMC10140894 DOI: 10.3390/sports11040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated different acute adaptations between obese and lean individuals, while there is limited information with conflicting results regarding long-term adaptations. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a 3-month integrated combined training between obese and lean middle-aged untrained premenopausal women. In total, 72 women (36 obese/36 lean) were divided into four groups: (a) obese exercise (OB-EG), (b) obese control (OB-CG), (c) lean exercise (L-EG), and (d) lean control (L-CG). The exercise groups followed a 3-month (3 times/week) integrated combined aerobic and strength training program. Health indices (body composition, body circumferences, blood pressure, respiratory function), functional capacity (flexibility, balance), and physical fitness (strength, aerobic capacity) were measured before and after the 3-month time period. Participants' enjoyment was also assessed following the program. OB-EG and L-EG significantly improved (p < 0.05) similarly across all functional capacity and physical fitness indices (10-76%; depending on the evaluation index), except balance and strength indices of the non-preferred limb where OB-EG showed greater improvement (reducing the existing pre-training strength/balance asymmetries) than L-EG. Furthermore, both obese and lean individuals showed similarly high levels of enjoyment. This program could be effectively used in fitness settings causing similar neuromuscular and cardiovascular adaptations in obese and lean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karatrantou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Vassilis Gerodimos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
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25
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Amatori S, Ferri Marini C, Gobbi E, Sisti D, Giombini G, Rombaldoni R, Rocchi MBL, Lucertini F, Federici A, Perroni F, Calcagnini G. Short High-Intensity Interval Exercise for Workplace-Based Physical Activity Interventions: A Systematic Review on Feasibility and Effectiveness. Sports Med 2023; 53:887-901. [PMID: 36840913 PMCID: PMC10036456 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace exercise interventions showed good results, but lack of time was often reported as a barrier to participation. To overcome this problem, several studies attempted to implement short high-intensity interval training (HIT) within the workplace. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review is to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of HIT interventions within the workplace setting. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and SPORTDiscus to identify articles related to HIT within the workplace. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Only interventions that consisted of HIT programmes within the workplace and tested at least one physiological, psychological, or work-related outcome were included. RESULTS Seven studies (317 participants) met the inclusion criteria. HIT interventions lasted 6-12 weeks, with a frequency of 2-4 sessions/week and a duration of 8-30 min per session. Feasibility was qualitatively investigated in four studies, with key positive aspects reported for HIT time-appeal, the sense of competence driven by individual intensity, and improved intention to exercise; five studies reported adherence rates > 80%. Small-to-large effect sizes were reported for improvements in cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness. Small-to-medium effect sizes were reported for blood parameters and health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS HIT interventions in the workplace showed limited effectiveness in improving health-related outcomes, while promising results regarding feasibility were reported, mainly due to the time-efficiency and the positive post-exercise psychosocial responses. However, further high-quality studies involving more participants are still needed to make firm conclusions on HIT effectiveness and feasibility compared to other types of exercise in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Amatori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Erica Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Germana Giombini
- Department of Economics, Social Science, and Politics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Rosalba Rombaldoni
- Department of Economics, Social Science, and Politics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco B L Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Ario Federici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Perroni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Dell'Annunziata 4, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Calcagnini
- Department of Economics, Social Science, and Politics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Anderson OK, Voskuil CC, Byrd MT, Garver MJ, Rickard AJ, Miller WM, Bergstrom HC, Dinyer McNeely TK. Affective and Perceptual Responses During an 8-Week Resistance Training to Failure Intervention at Low vs. High Loads in Untrained Women. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:546-554. [PMID: 35947512 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Anderson, AlOK, Voskuil, CC, Byrd, MT, Garver, MJ, Rickard, AJ, Miller, WM, Bergstrom, HC, and Dinyer McNeely, TK. Affective and perceptual responses during an 8-week resistance training to failure intervention at low vs. high loads in untrained women. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 546-554, 2023-This study examined the effects of resistance training (RT) to failure on the perceptual and affective responses, intent-to-continue RT to failure in a self-initiated session, and affect-intent relationship. Twenty-three untrained women (mean ± SD : age 21.2 ± 2.2 years; height 167 ± 5.7 cm; body mass, 62.3 ± 16.2 kg) completed an 8-week, full-body RT to failure intervention at a low (30% 1RM; n = 11) or high (80% 1RM; n = 12) load. The Borg's rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale was used to assess the acute (aRPE) and session (sRPE) RPE immediately after repetition failure and each training session, respectively. Immediately, 15-minute, and 60-minute postsession affective responses were assessed using the feeling scale (FS; -5 to +5), and intent to continue to RT was assessed on a scale of 0-100% intention. During week 4 (W4) and week 8 (W8), aRPE (W4: 18 ± 2, W8: 18 ± 2; p ≤ 0.032) and sRPE (W4: 17 ± 2, W8: 18 ± 1; p ≤ 0.018) were greater than that during week 1 (W1; aRPE: 17 ± 2; sRPE: 16 ± 2). The FS responses increased from immediately to 60-minute postsession during W4 ( p ≤ 0.019) and W8 ( p ≤ 0.049). The correlation between affect and intent-to-continue RT increased from W1 ( r = 0.416) to W8 ( r = 0.777). Regardless of load, untrained women reported similar perceptual, affective, and intention responses. These variables should be considered to improve RT program adoption and adherence in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Anderson
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Caleb C Voskuil
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - M Travis Byrd
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Matthew J Garver
- School of Nutrition, Kinesiology, and Psychological Science, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, Missouri
| | - Alex J Rickard
- School of Nutrition, Kinesiology, and Psychological Science, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, Missouri
| | - William M Miller
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi; and
| | - Haley C Bergstrom
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Taylor K Dinyer McNeely
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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27
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Saeidi A, Nouri-Habashi A, Razi O, Ataeinosrat A, Rahmani H, Mollabashi SS, Bagherzadeh-Rahmani B, Aghdam SM, Khalajzadeh L, Al Kiyumi MH, Hackney AC, Laher I, Heinrich KM, Zouhal H. Astaxanthin Supplemented with High-Intensity Functional Training Decreases Adipokines Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020286. [PMID: 36678157 PMCID: PMC9866205 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity training with astaxanthin supplementation on adipokine levels, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in males with obesity. Sixty-eight males with obesity were randomly stratified into four groups of seventeen subjects each: control group (CG), supplement group (SG), training group (TG), and training plus supplement group (TSG). Participants underwent 12 weeks of treatment with astaxanthin or placebo (20 mg/d capsule daily). The training protocol consisted of 36 sessions of high-intensity functional training (HIFT), 60 min/sessions, and three sessions/week. Metabolic profiles, body composition, anthropometrical measurements, cardio-respiratory indices and adipokine [Cq1/TNF-related protein 9 and 2 (CTRP9 and CTRP2) levels, and growth differentiation factors 8 and 15 (GDF8 and GDF15)] were measured. There were significant differences for all indicators between the groups (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analysis indicated that the levels of CTRP9, CTRP2, and GDF8 were different from CG (p < 0.05), although levels of GDF15 were similar to CG (p > 0.05). Levels of GDF8 were similar in the SG and TG groups (p > 0.05), with reductions of GDF15 levels in both training groups (p < 0.05). A total of 12 weeks of astaxanthin supplementation and exercise training decreased adipokines levels, body composition (weight, %fat), anthropometrical factors (BMI), and improved lipid and metabolic profiles. These benefits were greater for men with obesity in the TSG group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Akbar Nouri-Habashi
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia 57561-51818, Iran
- Correspondence: (A.N.-H.); (M.H.A.K.)
| | - Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Razi University, Kermanshah 94Q5+6G3, Iran
| | - Ali Ataeinosrat
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14778-93855, Iran
| | - Hiwa Rahmani
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Alzahra University, Tehran 19938 93973, Iran
| | | | - Behnam Bagherzadeh-Rahmani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar M3J+373, Iran
| | - Shahin Mahmoudi Aghdam
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14778-93855, Iran
| | - Leila Khalajzadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14778-93855, Iran
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat H5QC+36M, Oman
- Correspondence: (A.N.-H.); (M.H.A.K.)
| | - Anthony C. Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Katie M. Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, University of Rennes, M2S—EA 1274, 35000 Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France
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McDougle JM, Mangine GT, Townsend JR, Jajtner AR, Feito Y. Acute physiological outcomes of high-intensity functional training: a scoping review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14493. [PMID: 36620744 PMCID: PMC9817969 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to high-intensity functional training (HIFT) have been conducted. However, due to a restricted pool of available research, these investigations are often limited in scope. As such, a scoping review investigating the present literature surrounding the acute physiological response to HIFT-based exercise was chosen as a more appropriate structured review. Methodology A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Three large scale databases were searched to reveal any article pertaining to HIFT and related exercise terminology. Results A total of 2,241 articles were found during the initial search. Following this, titles, then abstracts, and full-texts were reviewed to determine inclusion eligibility. A total of 60 articles which investigated a combined total of 35 unique HIFT workouts were included within this review. Conclusions A variety of physiological parameters and HIFT workouts have been examined. Markers of intensity (e.g., blood lactate concentrations, heart rate) have been most consistently assessed across all studies, and these support the idea that HIFT workouts are typically performed at high-intensity. In contrast, the inclusion of most other measures (e.g., hormonal, markers of inflammation and damage, energy expenditure, performance) has been inconsistent and has thus, limited the possibility for making generalized conclusions. Differences in study methodologies have further impacted conclusions, as different studies have varied in sample population characteristics, workouts assessed, and time points. Though it may be impossible to comprehensively research all possible HIFT workouts, consistent adoption of population definitions and workload quantification may overcome this challenge and assist with future comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. McDougle
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Gerald T. Mangine
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Jeremy R. Townsend
- Exercise and Nutrition Science, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Adam R. Jajtner
- Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Yuri Feito
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States,American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Boeira D, Brida LD, Milhomens Y, Doyenart R, Silva LAD. Injuries in CrossFit practioner: a cross-sectional study. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420230014322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boeira
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofisiologia do Exercício, Brazil
| | | | - Yuri Milhomens
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofisiologia do Exercício, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Doyenart
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofisiologia do Exercício, Brazil
| | - Luciano Acordi da Silva
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofisiologia do Exercício, Brazil
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Evangelista TS, Santos GAB. Physical fitness of military policemen who practice CrossFit. Rev Bras Med Trab 2023; 21:e2023854. [PMID: 37197347 PMCID: PMC10185392 DOI: 10.47626/1679-4435-2023-854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The practice of physical activity is directly related to the maintenance of health. Thus, the individual who is in the habit of practicing and who is well conditioned is able to perform various day-to-day functions with the least possible effort. In addition, good physical fitness is a requirement made for professionals of different categories, such as members of the security forces. Within this context, the military police officer must be within the standards of physical activity in order to exercise their ostensive functions. CrossFit is a training method that uses high intensity functional movements and aims to improve the physical form and health of the practitioner, thereby influencing its physical capacities. Objectives To assess the physical fitness of military police officers who practice CrossFit. Methods The sample consisted of 16 male active military police officers, practitioners of the institutional physical exercises, divided between CrossFit practitioners for at least 5 months (n = 10) and non-practitioners of extra-institutional exercises (n = 6). The following parameters were evaluated: level of physical activity, body mass index, fat percentage, flexibility, upper limb strength, and cardiorespiratory capacity. Results The practice of CrossFit complementary to military physical training increased the values of upper limb strength, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory capacity among the components of physical fitness that were evaluated. Conclusions The regular practice of CrossFit by military police suggests positive interference in some of the components of physical fitness and in the balance in strength gain, however more studies need to be conducted to investigate the significance of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Santos Evangelista
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da
Saúde, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence address: Thiago Santos Evangelista - Rua Alfredo
Fidelis Marques, nº 755 - Bairro Lagoinha - CEP: 37950-000 - São
Sebastião do Paraíso (MG), Brazil - E-mail:
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31
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Smith LE, Van Guilder GP, Dalleck LC, Harris NK. The Effects of a Single Session of High Intensity Functional Training on Energy Expenditure, VO 2, and Blood Lactate. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:545-554. [PMID: 36523893 PMCID: PMC9741724 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High intensity functional training (HIFT) provides a potential option to meet public exercise recommendations for both cardiorespiratory and strength outcomes in a time efficient manner. To better understand the potential for HIFT as an exercise approach, energy expenditure (EE) and relative intensity need quantifying. In thirteen sedentary men and women with metabolic syndrome (MetS), we used both indirect calorimetry and blood lactate levels to calculate EE of a single session of HIFT. The HIFT session included four, 6-minute sets of consecutive functional exercises. Examples of the exercises involved were squats, deadlifts, suspension rows, suspension chest press, and planks. Intensity is described relative to individual ventilatory thresholds. The total group EE was 270.3 ± 77.3 kcal with approximately 5% attributed anaerobic energy production. VO2 ranged between 88.8 ± 12.3% and 99 ± 12% of the second ventilatory threshold (VT2), indicating a vigorous effort. After each work interval, peak blood lactate ranged between 7.9 ± 1.9 and 9.3 ± 2.9 mmol, and rate of perceived exertion between 6.9 ± 1.0 and 8.7 ± 0.8 arbitrary units from 1-10. These were achieved in approximately 46 minutes of exercise per participant. In conclusion, HIFT elicits the energy expenditure and effort requisite to result in the adaptive responses to produce the known suite of benefits of exercise for individuals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E. Smith
- Department of Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA, Department of Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Gary P. Van Guilder
- Department of Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Lance C. Dalleck
- Department of Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Nigel K. Harris
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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The Impact of Obesity on C1q/TNF-Related Protein-9 Expression and Endothelial Function following Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise vs. Continuous Moderate-Intensity Exercise. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111667. [DOI: 10.3390/biology11111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
C1q-TNF-related protein-9 (CTRP9) increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase and reduces vasoconstrictors. There is limited information regarding exercise-mediated CTRP9 in obesity. The purpose of this study was to compare high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) on the CTRP9 response and an indicator of endothelial function (FMD) in obese participants. Sixteen young male participants (9 obese and 7 normal-weight) participated in a counterbalanced and caloric equated experiment: HIIE (30 min, 4 intervals of 4 min at 80–90% of VO2 max with 3 min rest between intervals) and CME (38 min at 50–60% VO2 max). Serum CTRP9 and FMD were measured prior to, immediately following exercise, and 1 h and 2 h into recovery. CTRP9 was significantly increased immediately following acute HIIE and CME in both groups (p = 0.003). There was a greater CME-induced FMD response at 2 h into recovery in obese participants (p = 0.009). A positive correlation between CTRP9 and FMD percent change was observed in response to acute CME when combined with both obese and normal-weight participants (r = 0.589, p = 0.016). The novel results from this study provide a foundation for additional examination of the mechanisms of exercise-mediated CTRP9 on endothelial function in individuals with obesity.
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Bigliassi M, Filho E. Functional significance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during exhaustive exercise. Biol Psychol 2022; 175:108442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Smith LE, Van Guilder GP, Dalleck LC, Harris NK. The Effects of a Single Session of High Intensity Functional Training on Energy Expenditure, VO2, and Blood Lactate. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
High intensity functional training (HIFT) provides a potential option to meet public exercise recommendations for both cardiorespiratory and strength outcomes in a time efficient manner. To better understand the potential for HIFT as an exercise approach, energy expenditure (EE) and relative intensity need quantifying. In thirteen sedentary men and women with metabolic syndrome (MetS), we used both indirect calorimetry and blood lactate levels to calculate EE of a single session of HIFT. The HIFT session included four, 6-minute sets of consecutive functional exercises. Examples of the exercises involved were squats, deadlifts, suspension rows, suspension chest press, and planks. Intensity is described relative to individual ventilatory thresholds. The total group EE was 270.3 ± 77.3 kcal with approximately 5% attributed anaerobic energy production. VO2 ranged between 88.8 ± 12.3% and 99 ± 12% of the second ventilatory threshold (VT2), indicating a vigorous effort. After each work interval, peak blood lactate ranged between 7.9 ± 1.9 and 9.3 ± 2.9 mmol, and rate of perceived exertion between 6.9 ± 1.0 and 8.7 ± 0.8 arbitrary units from 1-10. These were achieved in approximately 46 minutes of exercise per participant. In conclusion, HIFT elicits the energy expenditure and effort requisite to result in the adaptive responses to produce the known suite of benefits of exercise for individuals with MetS.
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35
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Jabardo-Camprubí G, Bort-Roig J, Donat-Roca R, Milà-Villarroel R, Sitjà-Rabert M, McKenna J, Puig-Ribera A. A socio-ecological approach to reduce the physical activity drop-out ratio in primary care-based patients with type 2 diabetes: the SENWI study protocol for a randomized control trial. Trials 2022; 23:842. [PMID: 36192800 PMCID: PMC9531392 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) is a key behaviour for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, healthcare professionals’ (HCP) recommendations (walking advice), which are short-term and individually focused, did not reduce the PA drop-out ratio in the long run. Using a socio-ecological model approach may contribute to reducing patient dropout and improving adherence to PA. The aim of this study is threefold: first, to evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-driven Nordic walking intervention using a socio-ecological approach with T2DM patients in Spain; second, to explore the feasibility on the PA adherence process in T2DM patients while participating in the SENWI programme; and third, to understand the HCPs’ opinion regarding its applicability within the Spanish healthcare system. Methods A three-arm randomized control trial (n = 48 each group) will assess the efficacy of two primary care-based PA interventions (Nordic walking vs. Nordic walking plus socio-ecological approach; two sessions per week for twelve weeks) compared to a control group (usual HCPs’ walking advice on PA). Inclusion criteria will include physically inactive patients with T2DM, older than 40 years and without health contraindications to do PA. PA levels and drop-out ratio, quality of life and metabolic and health outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention and at 9- and 21-month follow-ups. The effect of the different interventions will be assessed by a two-factor analysis of variance: treatment group vs time. Also, a two-factor ANOVA test will be performed with linear mixed models for repeated measures. A qualitative analysis using focus groups will explore the reasons for the (in)effectiveness of the new PA interventions. Qualitative outcomes will be assessed at post-intervention using thematic analysis. Discussion Compared with the general PA walking advice and Nordic walking prescriptions, integrating a socio-ecological approach into Spanish primary care visits could be an effective way to reduce the PA drop-out ratio and increase PA levels in patients with T2DM. Such interventions are necessary to understand the role that multiple socio-complex process in day-to-day PA behaviour has in patients with T2DM in the Spanish context. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05159089. Physical Activity Drop-out Ratio in Patients’ Living with Type 2 Diabetes. Prospectively registered on 15 December 2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06742-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Jabardo-Camprubí
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Sagrada Familia 7, Barcelona, VIC, Spain.
| | - Judit Bort-Roig
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Sagrada Familia 7, Barcelona, VIC, Spain
| | - Rafel Donat-Roca
- School of Health Science UManresa, Sport Exercise and Human Movement (SEaMH), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Av. Universitaria 4-6, Manresa, Spain
| | - Raimon Milà-Villarroel
- School of Health Science Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Padilla, 326-332, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Sitjà-Rabert
- School of Health Science Blanquerna, Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Ramon Llull University, Padilla, 326-332, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jim McKenna
- School of Sport, Leeds Becket University, Leeds, LS1 3HE, Leeds, England
| | - Anna Puig-Ribera
- Sports and Physical Activity Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Sagrada Familia 7, Barcelona, VIC, Spain
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Streetman AE, Lewis AK, Rogers EL, Heinrich KM, DeBlauw JA. Anticipatory Anxiety, Familiarization, and Performance: Finding the Sweet Spot to Optimize High-Quality Data Collection and Minimize Subject Burden. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1349-1357. [PMID: 36135232 PMCID: PMC9497550 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12090094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate baseline data are essential for researchers to determine an intervention’s effects yet may be affected by anticipatory anxiety and assessment familiarity. Familiarization sessions help establish accurate baseline data. High-intensity functional training (HIFT) elicits performance outcomes based on constantly varied workouts. It is unclear how familiarization affects anticipatory anxiety and workout performance among HIFT novices. Familiarization was hypothesized to decrease anxiety and improve workout performance. Sixteen college-aged subjects (62.5% women, 20.2 ± 1.14 years) completed one introductory and four sessions of the same workout. All subjects were recreationally trained with no HIFT experience. State and trait anxiety were assessed at the first session. During the workout sessions, state anxiety (SQALS) was assessed upon arrival at the gym (SQALS 1), after learning the workout protocol (SQALS 2), and when the workout concluded (SQALS 3). A significant main effect of the number of previous sessions on workout performance was observed (p = 0.011). A repeated-measures ANOVA showed a main effect of time on SQALS 1 (p < 0.001), SQALS 2 (p < 0.001), and SQALS 3 (p < 0.001). Our results suggest implementing two familiarization sessions for our HIFT-based workout was sufficient to decrease anxiety and establish a baseline measurement. Future research should examine if this remains true for other types of HIFT-based workouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspen E. Streetman
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Aidan K. Lewis
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Rogers
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Katie M. Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Justin A. DeBlauw
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
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Aygün C, Çakir-Atabek H. Alternative Model for Physical Activity: Active Video Games Lead to High Physiological Responses. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:447-456. [PMID: 34252344 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1864258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to i) investigate the physiological and perceptual responses to two different active video games (AVGs), ii) compare the physiological and perceptual responses to AVGs with those encountered during classic exercise and daily sedentary routines, and iii) compare the examined variables between the sexes. Methods: Forty-three (n = 22 male, n = 21 female) volunteers participated in the study and were tested in five different conditions (resting, watching television (TV), brisk walking, AVG dancing, and AVG fighting). Oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously, whereas energy expenditure (EE) and metabolic equivalent (MET) were calculated. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and enjoyment scores were recorded. Results: AVG dancing and AVG fighting significantly increased VO2, MET, EE, and HR compared with brisk walking, resting, and watching TV. Comparing with brisk walking the AVG dancing yielded similar RPE and higher enjoyment scores. However, the highest physiological responses, RPE, and enjoyment scores were obtained during AVG fighting. There were significant sex x condition interactions for VO2, MET, EE, and HR. VO2, MET, and EE were significantly higher in males for all conditions, whereas HR was significantly higher in females. The mean EE values during AVG fighting and AVG dancing were 13.12 ± 2.2 kcal.min-1 and 9.69 ± 2.0 kcal.min-1, respectively in males, and 9.31 ± 1.9 kcal.min-1 and 7.07 ± 1.3 kcal.min-1, respectively in females. Conclusions: AVG dancing (MET >7) and AVG fighting (MET >9) are enjoyable, vigorous physical activities that can be recommended as an alternative home-based physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Aygün
- Eskişehir Technical University
- Anadolu University
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Mavrandrea P, Gonidakis F. Exercise dependence and orthorexia nervosa in Crossfit: exploring the role of perfectionism. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-9. [PMID: 35990207 PMCID: PMC9382005 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise and healthy diet have a positive effect on health. However, the pathological dimension of both behaviors, namely exercise dependence and orthorexia nervosa, can lead to negative results. So far, literature on these behaviors in the context of high-intensity sports is limited. The present study aims for investigating exercise dependence and orthorexia nervosa in a sample of Crossfit athletes, as well as examining the mediating role of perfectionism in their manifestation.The sample consisted of 110 people who attended Crossfit programs and 131 active gym members. The Exercise Dependence Scale was used to assess exercise dependence, the ORTO-15 to assess orthorexic behavior and the Almost Perfect Scale to evaluate perfectionism.19.8% of crossfitters and 3.8% of gym members were at risk for exercise dependence. 11.7% of participants in the Crossfit group and 10% of participants in the control group had orthorexic symptoms. An association was found between the scores on the two behaviors. In addition, the dimension of perfectionism high standards predicted obligatory exercise and orthorexia nervosa, while the dimension of discrepancy predicted only exercise dependence.The study suggests that exercise dependence is more evident in Crossfit compared to gym athletes and may be accompanied by orthorexic symptoms. Orthorexia nervosa is a noticeable phenomenon in the population of active exercisers. Perfectionism is a risk factor for obligatory exercise and orthorexia. A more demanding selection of target populations is encouraged in order to better understand exercise dependence, orthorexia nervosa and their personality background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Mavrandrea
- Eating Disorders Unit, 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Fragiskos Gonidakis
- Eating Disorders Unit, 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Serial vs. Integrated Outdoor Combined Training Programs for Health Promotion in Middle-Aged Males. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10080122. [PMID: 36006087 PMCID: PMC9416765 DOI: 10.3390/sports10080122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the training and detraining effects of outdoor serial and integrated combined exercise programs on health, functional capacity, and physical fitness indices. Fifty-one untrained overweight/obese males (47 ± 4 years) were divided into a serial combined (SCG), an integrated combined (ICG), or a control (CG) group. The SCG and ICG implemented a 3-month training (3 sessions/week) consisting of walking and body weight exercises. The only difference between SCG and ICG was the sequence of aerobic and strength training. In SCG, the strength training was performed before aerobic training, while in ICG the aerobic and the strength training were alternated repeatedly in a predetermined order. Health, functional capacity, and physical fitness indices were measured before the training, following the termination of programs, and 1-month after training cessation. Following the training, both the SCG and ICG groups showed reduced blood pressure, heart rate, body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio (3−11%; p < 0.001), with improved respiratory function, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, flexibility, and balance (14−61%; p < 0.001). After 1-month of training cessation, significant reductions (p < 0.05) were observed in health indices and physical fitness without returning to baseline levels. However, there were no differences between SCG and ICG after training and training cessation (p > 0.05). In CG, all the above variables did not change. Furthermore, a great percentage of participants in both exercise groups (90%) reported high levels of enjoyment. In conclusion, both serial and integrated outdoor combined walking and body weight strength training programs are enjoyable and equally effective for improving health, functional capacity, and physical fitness indices in overweight/obese middle-aged males.
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Leahy DJ, Dalleck LC, Ramos JS. Changes in the Fitness Fatness Index following reduced exertion high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training in physically inactive adults. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:961957. [PMID: 35992158 PMCID: PMC9388827 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.961957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMany adults do not reach the recommended exercise participation guidelines, often citing lack of time as a barrier. Reduced exertion high-intensity training (REHIT) is a mode of exercise that takes as few as 10 min and has been shown to be as effective as other modalities. The Fitness Fatness Index (FFI) is a recently developed index that is used to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a REHIT vs. a traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on FFI in physically inactive adults.MethodsThirty-two participants were randomized into one of two 8-week exercise intervention groups: (i) REHIT (n = 16); (ii) MICT (n = 16). The REHIT group performed 10 min of individualized cycling intervals on 2–4 days of the week. The MICT group were prescribed aerobic exercise at 50–65% of their heart rate reserve (HRR) on 3–5 days of the week. FFI was recorded at baseline and post 8-weeks, with FFI being calculated as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (expressed as metabolic equivalents) divided by waist to height ratio (WtHR). A 1-unit increase in FFI was recognized as a clinically significant change in FFI.ResultsThe REHIT group showed significantly greater (+1.95, ±0.63) improvements in FFI compared to those in the MICT (+0.99, ±0.47) group (between group difference, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a greater proportion of participants who achieved a clinically significant change in FFI in the REHIT group (12/12, 100%) than in the MICT group (8/15, 53%) (between group difference, p = 0.01).ConclusionThis study suggests that REHIT may be a more efficacious exercise modality to increase FFI than MICT. This outcome is beneficial as the clinician can prescribe REHIT to physically inactive adults who cite lack of time as a barrier to physical activity participation and achieve significant reductions in CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Leahy
- Caring Futures Institute, SHAPE Research Centre, Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lance C. Dalleck
- Caring Futures Institute, SHAPE Research Centre, Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Recreation, Exercise and Sport, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, United States
| | - Joyce S. Ramos
- Caring Futures Institute, SHAPE Research Centre, Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Joyce S. Ramos
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Rehabilitation Effect of Different Intensity Exercise on the Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1364985. [PMID: 35941894 PMCID: PMC9356822 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1364985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Cardiovascular disease is a common disease with high prevalence, disability, and mortality. Exercise therapy can improve cardiac functional reserve and life quality of patients, but the benefits of different exercise intensities for cardiovascular patients are still controversial. In this study, literature search and meta-analysis were used to explore the effect of 2 intensities of exercise on the rehabilitation effect of cardiovascular patients. Methods. We searched Embase, Wiley online library, PubMed, Science Direct, and Clinicaltrials to look for randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate continuous training (MCT). After screening the inclusion criteria for the literature and assessing the risk of bias, a software analysis was performed using the R language toolkit to obtain forest plots and funnel maps. Results. 10 articles were included in this study into the quantitative analysis, and 520 patients participated in the study; meta-analysis results showed that after HIIT intervention, the VO2 peak index of patients was higher than that of the MCT group (
, 95% CI (0.10, 2.68),
,
), the peak heart rate HR peak was higher than that of the MCT training (
, 95% CI (5.12, 10.30),
,
), the respiratory exchange rate (maximum RER) was higher than that of the MCT training (
, 95% CI (0.00, 0.04),
,
), and the quality of life was higher than that of the MCT training (
, 95% CI (0.07, 0.71),
,
). Discussion. Compared with moderate continuous training, high intensity interval training is more conducive to improve the cardiopulmonary function of cardiovascular patients and improve their physical life quality.
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Physiological Responses at 15 Minutes of Recovery after a Session of Functional Fitness Training in Well-Trained Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148864. [PMID: 35886712 PMCID: PMC9323592 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: the aim of this study was to analyse muscle fatigue and metabolic stress at 15 min of recovery after performing two independent sessions of functional fitness training (FFT): a session of strength functional fitness training (FFTstrength) and a session of endurance functional fitness training (FFTendurance). Methods: eighteen well-trained men conducted two protocols, separated by one week of rest: FFTstrength (3 sets of 21, 15 and 9 repetitions of Thruster with bar + Pull ups) and FFTendurance (3 sets × (30 kcal rowing + 15 kcal assault air bike)). Neuromuscular fatigue and metabolic stress were measured right before, right after and at 10 and 15 min after completing the FFT workout, as well as the mean heart rate (HRmean) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at the end of the FFT. Results: FFTendurance recovered the velocity loss values after 15 min of recovery. On the other hand, FFTstrength only recovered velocity in the 1 m·s−1 Tests in squat (SQ), since the velocity levels were 7% lower in the 1 m·s−1 Tests in military press exercise (MP) after 15 min. Conclusions: These data indicate that there are specific recovery patterns not only as a function of the exercise and the body regions involved, but also regarding the recovery of neuromuscular and metabolic factors, since both FFT workouts obtained high blood lactate concentrations.
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Brisebois M, Kramer S, Lindsay KG, Wu CT, Kamla J. Dietary practices and supplement use among CrossFit® participants. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:316-335. [PMID: 35813850 PMCID: PMC9261745 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2086016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CrossFit® is a popular high-intensity functional training program. CrossFit® participants may practice popular diets or consume dietary and sports supplements to support their health or physical pursuits, but the specific dietary and supplement practices of CrossFit® participants remain unknown. Methods An electronic questionnaire was developed to collect data on practice of popular diets (i.e. Paleo and The Zone Diet®), dietary and sports supplement use, reasons for practicing a diet or using supplements, sources of information on diets and supplements, and various beliefs associated with nutrition among CrossFit® participants. Results Of the 2,576 complete responses (female 51.9%, male 48.1%, age 39.4 ± 11.1 years, body mass index 26.1 ± 3.9 kg/m2), 695 (27%) reported being a CrossFit® trainer or coach and 1,392 (54%) reported competing, or planning to compete, in CrossFit® or other fitness competitions. The average years of CrossFit® experience were 5.3 ± 3.1 years, and the average frequency of CrossFit® participation was 4.5 ± 1.1 days/week. Most participants (60.1%) reported practicing a particular diet. Macro Counting (18.6%), Intermittent Fasting (7.7%), and Paleo (6.1%) were the most frequently reported diets. The top reasons for practicing a diet were to improve overall health (45.6%), decrease body fat (29.2%), and improve CrossFit® performance (25.2%). The top sources of dietary information were the Internet (47.5%), coach/trainer (28.7%), and nutritionist/dietitian (26.2%). Most participants (67.3%) reported “Urine Color” as the best method to assess hydration. Additionally, most participants (82.2%) consumed at least one supplement, with protein (51.2%), creatine (22.9%), and pre-workout/energy (20.7%) being most popular. The top reasons for consuming supplements were to improve recovery (52.6%), improve overall health (51.4%), and increase muscle mass/strength (41.7%). The top sources of information on supplements were the Internet (53.1%), coach/trainer (27.0%), and peer-reviewed research (23.0%). Conclusions A large proportion of CrossFit® participants may practice popular diets or consume supplements with the intention of improving health or performance. These findings may support future research on the effects of various dietary patterns and supplements on CrossFit® performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brisebois
- Department of Human Performance and Health, The University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Samuel Kramer
- International Vitamin Corporation, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Keston G. Lindsay
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Chien-Ting Wu
- Department of Human Performance and Health, The University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - James Kamla
- Department of Human Performance and Health, The University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, USA
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44
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Li F, Kong Z, Zhu X, Chow BC, Zhang D, Liang W, Shang B, Liu Y, Zhang H. High-intensity interval training elicits more enjoyment and positive affective valence than moderate-intensity training over a 12-week intervention in overweight young women. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:249-255. [PMID: 35646131 PMCID: PMC9120050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in enjoyment and affect in response to four weight control intervention protocols over 12 weeks. Methods Sixty overweight young females were randomised into four intervention groups: repeated sprint training (RST, 6-sec all-out sprint interspersed with 9-sec rest), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with short interval (HIIT120, 1-min effort at 120% V̇O2peak) and long interval (HIIT90, 4-min effort at 90% V̇O2peak), and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, 60% V̇O2peak) by cycling over 12 weeks. The total workload in each training session in HIIT120, HIIT90, and MICT was confined to 200 kJ, while it was lower in RST with 57 ± 4 kJ. Enjoyment (Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, PACES) and affective valence (Feeling Scale, FS) were measured throughout the intervention. Results The score of the PACES on average over 12 weeks showed a significant between-group effect that was lower in MICT (80.8 ± 11.8) compared with HIIT120 (92.5 ± 11.4) and HIIT90 (96.8 ± 13.9) (p < 0.05). In the 8th week, enjoyment was scored higher in two HIITs compared with MICT. In the 12th week, HIITs and RST were more enjoyable than MICT, where two HIITs were better than RST. The score of FS showed a significant between-group effect that was higher in HIIT90 (1.5 ± 1.4) compared with HIIT120 (0.2 ± 1.2) (p < 0.05), but a non-significant time or group-by-time interaction effect. A significant weight loss occurred in three interval training protocols (p < 0.05), but not in MICT. The V̇O2peak significantly increased in four groups without between-group difference. Conclusion Interval training, especially the long-interval type, is an enjoyable and pleasant long-term exercise intervention for overweight young women. RST could be an alternative for weight control considering its time efficiency with comparable enjoyment and overall pleasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiangui Zhu
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bik Chu Chow
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, China.,Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai Lida University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, China
| | - Borui Shang
- Department of Social Sciences, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio-Information, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Rodrigues L, Moncion K, Eng JJ, Noguchi KS, Wiley E, de Las Heras B, Sweet SN, Fung J, MacKay-Lyons M, Nelson AJ, Medeiros D, Crozier J, Thiel A, Tang A, Roig M. Intensity matters: protocol for a randomized controlled trial exercise intervention for individuals with chronic stroke. Trials 2022; 23:442. [PMID: 35610659 PMCID: PMC9127488 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Cardiovascular exercise is an effective method to improve cardiovascular health outcomes, but also promote neuroplasticity during stroke recovery. Moderate-intensity continuous cardiovascular training (MICT) is an integral part of stroke rehabilitation, yet it may remain a challenge to exercise at sufficiently high intensities to produce beneficial adaptations to neuroplasticity. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) could provide a viable alternative to achieve higher intensities of exercise by using shorter bouts of intense exercise interspersed with periods of recovery. Methods and design This is a two-arm, parallel-group multi-site RCT conducted at the Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital (Laval, Québec, Canada) and McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario, Canada). Eighty participants with chronic stroke will be recruited at both sites and will be randomly allocated into a HIIT or MICT individualized exercise program on a recumbent stepper, 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, at 12 weeks post-intervention, and at an 8-week follow-up. Outcomes The primary outcome is corticospinal excitability, a neuroplasticity marker in brain motor networks, assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We will also examine additional markers of neuroplasticity, measures of cardiovascular health, motor function, and psychosocial responses to training. Discussion This trial will contribute novel insights into the effectiveness of HIIT to promote neuroplasticity in individuals with chronic stroke. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT03614585. Registered on 3 August 2018 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06359-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynden Rodrigues
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Québec, Montréal, Canada.,Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Feil/Oberfeld/CRIR Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital site of CISSS-Laval, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Kevin Moncion
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janice J Eng
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenneth S Noguchi
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elise Wiley
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernat de Las Heras
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Québec, Montréal, Canada.,Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Feil/Oberfeld/CRIR Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital site of CISSS-Laval, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Shane N Sweet
- Feil/Oberfeld/CRIR Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital site of CISSS-Laval, Laval, Québec, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joyce Fung
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Québec, Montréal, Canada.,Feil/Oberfeld/CRIR Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital site of CISSS-Laval, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Aimee J Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diogo Medeiros
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Québec, Montréal, Canada.,Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crozier
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Thiel
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ada Tang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Roig
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3654 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Québec, Montréal, Canada. .,Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Montréal, Québec, Canada. .,Feil/Oberfeld/CRIR Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital site of CISSS-Laval, Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Patterson MS, Spadine MN, Graves Boswell T, Prochnow T, Amo C, Francis AN, Russell AM, Heinrich KM. Exercise in the Treatment of Addiction: A Systematic Literature Review. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2022; 49:10901981221090155. [PMID: 35484950 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221090155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has been recognized as a promising and emerging treatment for individuals recovering from addiction. The purpose of this article was to systematically review scientific studies using exercise as a means to improve, sustain, or treat addictions, and to provide suggestions for the future use of exercise as a treatment method for addiction. METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines, a database search was conducted for articles that tested the impact of exercise interventions on addiction-related outcomes. To be included, peer-reviewed experimental design studies had to use human subjects to investigate the relationship between exercise and the treatment of or recovery from addiction. Garrard's Matrix Method was used to extract data from reviewed articles (n = 53). RESULTS Nearly three quarters of the studies reviewed documented a significant change in addiction-related outcomes (e.g., more days abstinent, reduced cravings) in response to exercise exposure, particularly while someone was receiving treatment at an in or outpatient clinic. Many studies investigated the effect of acute bouts of exercise on nicotine dependence, and many studies had small sample sizes, leaving room for future research on how exercise might benefit people recovering from substance and process addictions. CONCLUSION Results affirm that exercise can be a helpful aspect of addiction treatment. Future researchers should investigate different exercise settings (e.g., group-based exercise vs individual) and explore exercise maintenance and the long-term outcomes following discharge from treatment facilities.
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Su H, Wen T, Liu D, Shao J, Zhao L, Gao Q. Effect of 32-Weeks High-Intensity Interval Training and Resistance Training on Delaying Sarcopenia: Focus on Endogenous Apoptosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:811369. [PMID: 35574455 PMCID: PMC9095960 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.811369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia caused by aging is an important factor leading to a decline in the quality of life of older people. Apoptosis in muscle atrophy accelerates the process of muscle loss in older populations. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 32 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT) on the skeletal muscle-related indices and provide a theoretical basis for regulating the mitochondrial-mediated pathway to delay sarcopenia. We randomly selected 10 from eight-month-old male SD rats (N = 130) as the baseline group; after 1 week of adaptive feeding, the rats were sacrificed. The remaining rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control group (C, N = 40, natural aging for 32 weeks), HIIT group (H, N = 40, performed six loops of 3 min at 90% and 3 min at 50% VO2 max speed treadmill running, with 5 min at 70% VO2 max speed at the beginning and the end of the training, 3 times a week for 32 weeks), and resistance group (R, n = 40, 46 min per day, 3 days per week, with a 30% maximum load on a treadmill with a slope of 35°, 15 m/min). The soleus muscles were collected for analysis at baseline and every 8 weeks. Aging resulted in decreased soleus muscle mass and Bcl-2 levels in the mitochondria, while the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Bax did not change. HIIT reversed the age-associated activation of pro-apoptotic processes, but RT did not. In addition, when rats were aged from 8 to 16 months, the level of Cyt-C did not change, the Caspase-9 levels and Caspase-3 levels decreased gradually in the soleus muscles, the rats of both the HIIT and RT groups had these indices decreased at 32 weeks. The results suggest that the age-associated loss of muscle mass was reversed by training, and the effect of RT was better than that of HIIT. Both the HIIT and RT rats showed a decrease in the apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells after 32 weeks of intervention. HIIT performed better for long-term intervention regarding the pro-apoptotic factors. This study warranted further research to delineate the underlying mechanism of effects of different exercise methods on the changes of aging skeletal muscle at in vivo level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhao Wen
- Military Common Subject Teaching and Research Section, PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an, China
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsen Liu
- Sport physical therapy and therapeutic exercise, sports health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Shao
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Sport physical therapy and therapeutic exercise, sports health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Gao,
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Batrakoulis A, Fatouros IG. Psychological Adaptations to High-Intensity Interval Training in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Topical Review. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10050064. [PMID: 35622474 PMCID: PMC9148041 DOI: 10.3390/sports10050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has been reported as a fundamental piece of the management and treatment puzzle of obesity, playing a vital role in numerous psychological indicators. However, it is unclear whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve critical psychological health markers such as adherence, exercise enjoyment, affective responses, health-related quality of life, anxiety, and depression in overweight and obese adults. The purpose of this topical review was to catalogue studies investigating the psychological responses to HIIT in order to identify what psychological outcomes have been assessed, the research methods used, and the results. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were met by 25 published articles investigating either a traditional, single-component (84%) or a hybrid-type, multi-component (16%) HIIT protocol and involving 930 participants with overweight/obesity. The present topical review on HIIT-induced psychological adaptations shows that this popular exercise mode, but also demanding for the masses, can meaningfully increase the vast majority of the selected mental health-related indices. These improvements seem to be equal if not greater than those observed for moderate-intensity continuous training in overweight and obese adults. However, further research is needed in this area, focusing on the potential mechanisms behind positive alterations in various psychological health parameters through larger samples and high-quality randomized controlled trials.
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49
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Prochnow T, Amo C, Patterson MS, Heinrich KM. I CrossFit; Do You? Cross-Sectional Peer Similarity of Physical Activity Behavior in a Group High Intensity Functional Training Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19094932. [PMID: 35564327 PMCID: PMC9102180 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is essential for physical, mental, and emotional health; however, few adults engage in enough PA. Group exercise environments such as CrossFit can promote sustained exercise habits through social influence, support, and norms. This cross-sectional study aims to provide evidence for PA social influence at CrossFit. CrossFit members (n = 62) reported PA, workout logging frequency, and members at their gym they: (1) work out with and (2) go to with personal matters. Separate linear network autocorrelation models (LNAMs) determined if individuals reported similar PA scores as those of their social ties at CrossFit that they work out with and/or those they go to for personal matters. Participants reported a mean of 2740.55 MET minutes/week (SD = 1847.08), working out with a mean of 9.89 members (SD = 6.26), and speaking to a mean of 2.66 members about personal matters (SD = 3.68). A person's PA was significantly associated with that of their ties they go to with personal matters (PEp = 0.08, SEp = 0.02), but was not associated with the PA of their ties they work out with (PEw = 0.02, SEw = 0.01). Social influence on PA levels was present when a deeper connection is made between members. Fostering and promoting deeper connections between members may help promote PA and continued exercise habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Prochnow
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University; College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.A.); (M.S.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christina Amo
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University; College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.A.); (M.S.P.)
| | - Megan S. Patterson
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University; College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.A.); (M.S.P.)
| | - Katie M. Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
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Mayr Ojeda E, Castro FADS, Reich M, Astorino TA, Benítez-Flores S. Burpee Interval Training Is Associated With a More Favorable Affective Valence and Psychological Response Than Traditional High Intensity Exercise. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:767-786. [DOI: 10.1177/00315125221083180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute psychological responses to physical activity may help explain long-term adherence to it. Thus, we compared acute psychological responses to different exercise protocols with identical durations. Eighteen moderately active young adults [ Mage = 23, SD = 3 years; MVO2max (maximum oxygen consumption) = 42.8, SD = 4.3 mL·kg−1·min−1; MBMI (body mass index) = 24, SD = 2 kg·m−2] completed three low-volume exercise sessions in a crossover research design: (a) sprint interval training (SIT), (b) burpee interval training (BIT) requiring 10 × 5 second efforts with 35 seconds of passive recovery, and (c) a single bout of vigorous intensity continuous training (VICT) requiring 6 minutes and 5 seconds of running at ∼85% of peak heart rate (HRpeak). We assessed participants’ ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, enjoyment, intention, preference, and self-reported recovery and wellness before, during, and after each session. BIT was associated with significantly greater enjoyment, preference, and exercise intention (at 5 × week) than VICT ( p ≤ .05). SIT elicited greater RPE ( M = 5.38, SD = 2.00) than both BIT ( M = 2.88, SD = 1.23) and VICT ( M = 3.55, SD = 1.38) ( p ≤ .05), and we observed a higher increase in RPE over time with SIT versus BIT ( p = .019). For affective valence, SIT ( M = 0.55, SD = 2.12) elicited a more aversive response than both BIT ( M = 2.55, SD = 1.09) and VICT ( M = 1.94, SD = 1.51) ( p ≤ .05), and there was a higher increase in this aversive response to SIT over time ( p < .05). Forty-eight-hour postexercise session muscle soreness was significantly lower with VICT than with BIT ( p = .03). Overall, BIT was associated with more positive psychological responses than SIT and VICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Mayr Ojeda
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Flávio Antônio de Souza Castro
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Aquatic Sports Research Group, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Micaela Reich
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Todd A. Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Benítez-Flores
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
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