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Varamenti E, Pullinger SA, Kollias P, Chini V. Identification of specific injury-related SNPs in high-level athletes of Arab origin: A pilot study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37285. [PMID: 39296095 PMCID: PMC11408798 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Valuable insights for preventing sports injuries in athletes have been achieved through advancements in genetics. This study aimed to determine the allelic frequency of distinct single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a group of high-level athletes of Arab origin and to explore whether any significant relationship exists between specific genotypes in the selected SNPs with the prevalence and severity of non-contact soft tissue injuries (NCSTIs) and stress fracture injuries (SFIs). A cohort of 30 Arab male adult athletes trained at the same Sports excellence Centre from various individual sports was recruited and genotyped for collagen type 5 alpha 1 (COL5A1) rs12722 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) rs10735810 variants. The injury data of participant athletes were collected over two training seasons and categorized according to the site and type (muscle, tendon, ligament, or stress fracture) and severity (mild, moderate, or severe). For the COL5A1 rs12722, the examined genotypes were not related to the NCSTIs occurrence, while for VDR rs10735810, the CT and TT genotypes showed a prevalence for increased stress fracture injuries (RR = 7.72; 95 % CI: 1.66-35.87; p = 0.011 and RR = 9.93; 95 % CI: 2.83-34.89; p < 0.001, respectively), and increased odds for severe stress fractures (OR = 10.91, 95 % CI: 1.34-126.92, p = 0.033). This pilot study indicates a possible association between specific genotypes in the examined polymorphisms and the prevalence and severity of NCSTIs and SFIs. Given the constraints of the small sample size in the current study, additional research is required to gain a comprehensive understanding of this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel A Pullinger
- Sport Science Department, Inspire Institute of Sport, Vidyanagar, Dist. Bellary, 583275, India
| | - Pavlos Kollias
- Section of Statistics and Operational Research, Department of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Chini
- Diagnostic Genomics Division, Dept of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Hamad Hospital, Qatar
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Wang RY, Xiong Q, Chang SH, Jin JY, Xiang R, Zeng L, Yu F. Identification of truncated variants in GLI family zinc finger 3 (GLI3) associated with polydactyly. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:449. [PMID: 39080720 PMCID: PMC11287838 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polydactyly is a prevalent congenital anomaly with an incidence of 2.14 per 1000 live births in China. GLI family zinc finger 3 (GLI3) is a classical causative gene of polydactyly, and serves as a pivotal transcription factor in the hedgehog signaling pathway, regulating the development of the anterior-posterior axis in limbs. METHODS Three pedigrees of polydactyly patients were enrolled from Hunan Province, China. Pathogenic variants were identified by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Three variants in GLI3 were identified in three unrelated families, including a novel deletion variant (c.1372del, p.Thr458GlnfsTer44), a novel insertion-deletion (indel) variant (c.1967_1968delinsAA, p.Ser656Ter), and a nonsense variant (c.2374 C > T, p.Arg792Ter). These variants were present exclusively in patients but not in healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS We identified three pathogenic GLI3 variants in polydactyly patients, broadening the genetic spectrum of GLI3 and contributing significantly to genetic counseling and diagnosis for polydactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Yan Wang
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Qin Xiong
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Si-Hua Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jie-Yuan Jin
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
- Microsurgery & Reconstruction Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
- Microsurgery & Reconstruction Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
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Li XY, Wang YL, Yang S, Liao CS, Li SF, Han PF. Correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor A gene polymorphisms and tendon and ligament injury risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:122. [PMID: 38317252 PMCID: PMC10845593 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relevant evidence suggests that angiogenic factors contribute significantly to fibril matrix reconstruction following physical injuries to tendon ligaments. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), with its potent angiogenic effect, has been studied extensively, and its functional polymorphisms, including rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963, have been the focus of numerous investigations. Some scholars have explored the association between gene polymorphisms in the VEGFA and the risk of tendon ligament injury, but the findings are not entirely consistent. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963 gene polymorphisms in VEGFA and the risk of tendon and ligament injuries. METHODS After including articles about the association of VEGFA rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963 polymorphisms with tendon and ligament injuries according to the search strategy, we assessed their quality and conducted meta-analyses to examine the link between these polymorphisms and the risk of tendon and ligament injuries using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Of 86 related articles, six were included in the meta-analysis. Some of these suggest an association between VEGFA rs2010963 and the risk of tendon and ligament injury in the population, with the specific C allele being one of the adverse factors for knee injury. Some studies suggest that VEGFA rs699947 and VEGFA rs1570360 single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament rupture is nearly doubled in individuals with the rs699947 CC genotype compared to the control group. Our analysis did not find any significant relationship between VEGFA gene polymorphisms (rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963) and the chance of tendon and ligament injury without consideration of race. However, the European population reveals that the CC genotype of VEGFA rs699947 can result in a greater risk of tendon and ligament injury, whereas the AG genotype for rs1570360 provides some protection. Additionally, rs2010963 was significantly associated with tendon and ligament injury; individuals with the C allele and the CC genotype had higher risk. False-positive report probability confirmed the high credibility of our results. CONCLUSION Overall, this study found no significant association between VEGFA rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963 polymorphisms and the risk of tendon ligament injury. However, in subgroup analysis, some genotypes of VEGFA rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963 were found to increase the risk of tendon ligament injury in European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, 110 South Yan'an Road, Changzhi, 046000, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Lu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, 110 South Yan'an Road, Changzhi, 046000, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Yang
- Graduate School, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Sheng Liao
- Graduate School, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Feng Li
- Graduate School, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, 110 South Yan'an Road, Changzhi, 046000, People's Republic of China.
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Murtagh CF, Hall ECR, Brownlee TE, Drust B, Williams AG, Erskine RM. The Genetic Association with Athlete Status, Physical Performance, and Injury Risk in Soccer. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:941-960. [PMID: 37253386 DOI: 10.1055/a-2103-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to critically appraise the literature concerning the genetic association with athlete status, physical performance, and injury risk in soccer. The objectives were to provide guidance on which genetic markers could potentially be used as part of future practice in soccer and to provide direction for future research in this area. The most compelling evidence identified six genetic polymorphisms to be associated with soccer athlete status (ACE I/D; ACTN3 rs1815739; AGT rs699; MCT1 rs1049434; NOS3 rs2070744; PPARA rs4253778), six with physical performance (ACTN3 rs1815739; AMPD1 rs17602729; BDNF rs6265; COL2A1 rs2070739; COL5A1 rs12722; NOS3 rs2070744), and seven with injury risk (ACTN3 rs1815739; CCL2 rs2857656; COL1A1 rs1800012; COL5A1 rs12722; EMILIN1 rs2289360; IL6 rs1800795; MMP3 rs679620). As well as replication by independent groups, large-scale genome-wide association studies are required to identify new genetic markers. Future research should also investigate the physiological mechanisms associating these polymorphisms with specific phenotypes. Further, researchers should investigate the above associations in female and non-Caucasian soccer players, as almost all published studies have recruited male participants of European ancestry. Only after robust, independently replicated genetic data have been generated, can genetic testing be considered an additional tool to potentially inform future practice in soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conall F Murtagh
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Sports Science Department, Liverpool Football Club and Athletic Grounds Ltd, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elliott C R Hall
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E Brownlee
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Drust
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alun G Williams
- Manchester Metropolitan Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Collins M, September AV. Are commercial genetic injury tests premature? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1584-1597. [PMID: 37243491 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies have emerged that claim to be able to test for susceptibility for musculoskeletal injuries. Although there are several publications on the emergence of this industry, none have critically evaluated the evidence for the use of genetic polymorphisms in commercial tests. The aim of this review was to identify, where possible, the polymorphisms and to evaluate the current scientific evidence for their inclusion. RESULTS The most common polymorphisms included COL1A1 rs1800012, COL5A1 rs12722, and GDF5 rs143383. The current evidence suggests that it is premature or even not viable to include these three polymorphisms as markers of injury risk. A unique set of injury-specific polymorphisms, which do not include COL1A1, COL5A1, or GDF5, identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is used by one company in their tests for 13 sports injuries. However, of the 39 reviewed polymorphisms, 22 effective alleles are rare and absent in African, American, and/or Asian populations. Even when informative in all populations, the sensitivity of many of the genetic markers was low and/or has not been independently validated in follow-up studies. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence suggests it is premature to include any of the reviewed polymorphisms identified by GWAS or candidate gene approaches in commercial genetic tests. The association of MMP7 rs1937810 with Achilles tendon injuries, and SAP30BP rs820218 and GLCCI1 rs4725069 with rotator cuff injuries does warrant further investigation. Based on current evidence, it remains premature to market any commercial genetic test to determine susceptibility to musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Collins
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alison V September
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
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Zhao D, Pan JK, Lin FZ, Luo MH, Liang GH, Zeng LF, Huang HT, Han YH, Xu NJ, Yang WY, Liu J. Risk Factors for Revision or Rerupture After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3053-3075. [PMID: 36189967 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221119787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rerupture or need for revision after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a serious complication. Preventive strategies that target the early identification of risk factors are important to reduce the incidence of additional surgery. PURPOSE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate risk factors for revision or rerupture after ACLR. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from database inception to November 2021 and updated in January 2022. Quantitative, original studies reporting potential adjusted risk factors were included. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for potential risk factors. RESULTS A total of 71 studies across 13 countries with a total sample size of 629,120 met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen factors were associated with an increase in the risk of revision or rerupture after ACLR: male sex (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14-1.41), younger age (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.08), lower body mass index (BMI) (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.06), family history (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.50-4.08), White race (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08-1.60), higher posterolateral tibial slope (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.26), preoperative high-grade anterior knee laxity (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.46-3.64), higher baseline Marx activity level (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13), return to a high activity level/sport (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.15-3.57), an ACLR within less than a year after injury (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.81-2.32), a concomitant medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.31-2.00), an anteromedial portal or transportal technique (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.22-1.51), hamstring tendon (HT) autografts (vs bone-patellar tendon-bone [BPTB] autografts) (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.40-1.82), allografts (OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.65-4.19), and smaller graft diameter (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05-1.38). The other factors failed to show an association with an increased risk of revision or rerupture after ACLR. CONCLUSION Male sex, younger age, lower BMI, family history, White race, higher posterolateral tibial slope, preoperative high-grade anterior knee laxity, higher baseline Marx activity level, return to a high activity level/sport, an ACLR within less than a year from injury, a concomitant MCL injury, an anteromedial portal or transportal technique, HT autografts (vs BPTB autografts), allografts, and smaller graft diameter may increase the risk of revision or rerupture after ACLR. Raising awareness and implementing effective preventions/interventions for risk factors are priorities for clinical practitioners to reduce the incidence of revision or rerupture after ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ke Pan
- Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Lin
- The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hui Luo
- Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Hong Liang
- Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Feng Zeng
- Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - He-Tao Huang
- Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Han
- Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan-Jun Xu
- The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Yi Yang
- Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Li B, Li X, Zhang L, Mou L. Correlation investigation between a single nucleotide polymorphism in ADAMTS14 (rs4747096) and osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:575. [PMID: 37550675 PMCID: PMC10405498 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence of the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ADAMTS14 (rs4747096) and osteoarthritis (OA) is controversial. This study aimed to determine whether the ADAMTS14 SNP is closely related to OA risk. METHODS An electronic search of for the association between the rs4747096 polymorphisms and OA was performed using four online databases (updated on September 10, 2022). The association between susceptibility to OA and rs4747096 polymorphism was evaluated in four genetic models: the allele (mutation [A] vs. wild type [G]), additive (AA vs. GG and AG vs. GG), recessive (AA vs. AG + GG), and dominant (AA + AG vs. GG). This meta-analysis was performed in the R software, and effects were assessed using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Four studies (707 cases in the case group and 859 cases in the control group) were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that, except in the recessive genetic model, there was a significant correlation between OA risk and the rs4747096 polymorphism using the allele (OR [95% CI] = 1.48 [1.26-1.73], P < 0.001), additive (AG vs. GG, OR [95% CI] = 2.56 [1.79-3.65], P < 0.001; AA vs. GG, OR [95% CI] = 2.81 [1.98-3.98], P < 0.001), and dominant (OR [95% CI)] = 1.72 [1.34-2.2], P < 0.001) genetic models. CONCLUSIONS The ADAMTS14 rs4747096 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Weifang, 151 Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Weifang, 151 Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Linjing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Weifang, 151 Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Leming Mou
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Weifang, 151 Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China.
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Varillas-Delgado D, Morencos E, Gutierrez-Hellín J, Aguilar-Navarro M, Maestro A, Perucho T, Coso JD. Association of the CKM rs8111989 Polymorphism with Injury Epidemiology in Football Players. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:145-152. [PMID: 36368655 DOI: 10.1055/a-1945-8982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the rs8111989 polymorphism in the muscle-specific creatine kinase gene (CKM) on injury incidence is unknown. The aim was to investigate CKM polymorphism on injury incidence in high-performance football players. A cohort of 109 high-performance players was genotyped by using saliva samples. Injury incidence was similar in players with the GG, GA, and AA genotypes and did not modify incidence during training or match exposure (p=0.583 and p=0.737 respectively). GG players had a higher frequency of slight-severity injuries (60.0 vs. 10.2 vs. 24.2%, p<0.001), while GA players had a higher frequency of severe injuries (16.7 vs. 30.8 vs. 10.0%, p=0.021). GA players also had a higher frequency of muscle tears (34.8 vs. 59.0 vs. 20.0%, p<0.001). Muscle contracture was a more frequent injury in players with the GG genotype (40.0%, p<0.001). G allele carriers had lower frequencies of gradual-onset injuries (4.1 vs. 16.7%, p=0.035) and recurrent injuries (6.1 vs. 16.7%, p=0.003) than AA players. A allele carriers had higher frequency of severe injuries (10.0 vs. 21.9%, p=0.044) than GG players. Genotypes in the CKM rs8111989 polymorphism did not affect injury incidence in high-performance football players. Players with the GA genotype were more prone to severe injuries and muscle tears when compared to GG and AA players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Morencos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Del Coso
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
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Kumagai H, Miller B, Kim SJ, Leelaprachakul N, Kikuchi N, Yen K, Cohen P. Novel Insights into Mitochondrial DNA: Mitochondrial Microproteins and mtDNA Variants Modulate Athletic Performance and Age-Related Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:286. [PMID: 36833212 PMCID: PMC9956216 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sports genetics research began in the late 1990s and over 200 variants have been reported as athletic performance- and sports injuries-related genetic polymorphisms. Genetic polymorphisms in the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes are well-established for athletic performance, while collagen-, inflammation-, and estrogen-related genetic polymorphisms are reported as genetic markers for sports injuries. Although the Human Genome Project was completed in the early 2000s, recent studies have discovered previously unannotated microproteins encoded in small open reading frames. Mitochondrial microproteins (also called mitochondrial-derived peptides) are encoded in the mtDNA, and ten mitochondrial microproteins, such as humanin, MOTS-c (mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c), SHLPs 1-6 (small humanin-like peptides 1 to 6), SHMOOSE (Small Human Mitochondrial ORF Over SErine tRNA), and Gau (gene antisense ubiquitous in mtDNAs) have been identified to date. Some of those microproteins have crucial roles in human biology by regulating mitochondrial function, and those, including those to be discovered in the future, could contribute to a better understanding of human biology. This review describes a basic concept of mitochondrial microproteins and discusses recent findings about the potential roles of mitochondrial microproteins in athletic performance as well as age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumagai
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Brendan Miller
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Naphada Leelaprachakul
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan
| | - Kelvin Yen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- The Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Maestro A, Del Coso J, Aguilar-Navarro M, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Morencos E, Revuelta G, Ruiz Casares E, Perucho T, Varillas-Delgado D. Genetic profile in genes associated with muscle injuries and injury etiology in professional soccer players. Front Genet 2022; 13:1035899. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1035899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many causes define injuries in professional soccer players. In recent years, the study of genetics in association with injuries has been of great interest. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between muscle injury-related genes, injury risk and injury etiology in professional soccer players. In a cross-sectional cohort study, one hundred and twenty-two male professional football players were recruited. AMPD1 (rs17602729), ACE (rs4646994), ACTN3 (rs1815739), CKM (rs8111989) and MLCK (rs2849757 and rs2700352) polymorphisms were genotyped by using Single Nucleotide Primer Extension (SNPE). The combined influence of the six polymorphisms studied was calculated using a total genotype score (TGS). A genotype score (GS) of 2 was assigned to the “protective” genotype for injuries, a GS of 1 was assigned to the heterozygous genotype while a GS of 0 was assigned to the “worst” genotype. Injury characteristics and etiology during the 2021/2022 season were classified following a Consensus Statement for injuries recording. The distribution of allelic frequencies in the AMPD1 and MLCK c.37885C>A polymorphisms were different between non-injured and injured soccer players (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). The mean total genotype score (TGS) in non-injured soccer players (57.18 ± 14.43 arbitrary units [a.u.]) was different from that of injured soccer players (51.71 ± 12.82 a.u., p = 0.034). There was a TGS cut-off point (45.83 a.u.) to discriminate non-injured from injured soccer players. Players with a TGS beyond this cut-off had an odds ratio of 1.91 (95%CI: 1.14–2.91; p = 0.022) to suffer an injury when compared with players with lower TGS. In conclusion, TGS analysis in muscle injury-related genes presented a relationship with professional soccer players at increased risk of injury. Future studies will help to develop this TGS as a potential tool to predict injury risk and perform prevention methodology in this cohort of football players.
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11
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Wang Z, Chen L, Li Q, Zhang H, Shan Y, Qi L, Wang H, Chen Y. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphism rs145497186 related to NDUFV2 and lumbar disc degeneration: a pilot case–control study. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:473. [PMID: 36309697 PMCID: PMC9618206 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs28742109, rs12955018, rs987850, rs8093805, rs12965084 and rs145497186 related to gene named NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2 (NDUFV2) and lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) was preliminary investigated in a small sample size.
Methods A total of 46 patients with LDD and 45 controls were recruited at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, and each participant provided 5 mL peripheral venous blood. NA was extracted from the blood of each participant for further genotyping. The frequency of different genotypes in the case group and control group was determined, and analysis of the risk of LDD associated with different SNP genotypes was performed. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of the patients’ degree of chronic low back pain were calculated, and the relationship between VAS scores and SNPs was analysed.
Results After excluding the influence of sex, age, height, and weight on LDD, a significant association between SNP rs145497186 related to NDUFV2 and LDD persisted (P = 0.006). Simultaneously, rs145497186 was found to be associated with chronic low back pain in LDD populations.
Conclusion NDUFV2 rs145497186 SNP could be associated with susceptibility to LDD and the degree of chronic low back pain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-022-03368-y.
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12
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Mirghaderi SP, Salimi M, Kheirollahi M, Mortazavi SMJ, Akbari-Aghdam H. Anterior cruciate ligament injury and its postoperative outcomes are not associated with polymorphism in COL1A1 rs1107946 (G/T): a case-control study in the Middle East elite athletes. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:462. [PMID: 36271445 PMCID: PMC9817348 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear what role COL1A1 polymorphisms play in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury pathophysiology. The present study investigated the relationship between COL1A1-1997 guanine (G)/thymine (T) (rs1107946) polymorphism and ACL injury. Moreover, the possible effect of this polymorphism on the postoperative outcomes of ACL reconstruction surgery was evaluated. METHODS This prospective case-control study was performed on 200 young professional men with an ACL tear who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction surgery. Moreover, 200 healthy athletes without a history of tendon or ligament injury who were matched with the case group were selected as the control group. DNA was extracted from the leukocytes of participants, and the desired allele was genotyped. Clinical outcomes were collected for the case group before and one year after surgery. RESULTS The genotype distribution was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg principle. In the ACL injury group, the G allele frequency was non-significantly higher than the healthy controls, with an odds ratio [95% CI] of 1.08 [0.79-1.47] (P = 64). We did not find a significant difference between the genotype of individuals-GG, GT, and TT-in the case and control groups (P > 0.05). Clinical outcomes of the ACL tear group were significantly improved in terms of preoperative values. However, none of them were significantly different between the three genotypes (GG, GT, and TT). CONCLUSION According to the findings of the present investigation, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at COL1A1 rs1107946 (G/T) was not a predisposing genetic factor for ACL injury in a young professional male athlete population in the Middle East. Furthermore, patients' responses to treatment were not different between distinct genotypes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Peyman Mirghaderi
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center (JRRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Kheirollahi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Akbari-Aghdam
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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13
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Jacob Y, Anderton RS, Cochrane Wilkie JL, Rogalski B, Laws SM, Jones A, Spiteri T, Hince D, Hart NH. Genetic Variants within NOGGIN, COL1A1, COL5A1, and IGF2 are Associated with Musculoskeletal Injuries in Elite Male Australian Football League Players: A Preliminary Study. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:126. [PMID: 36219268 PMCID: PMC9554075 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Australian Football is a dynamic team sport that requires many athletic traits to succeed. Due to this combination of traits, as well as technical skill and physicality, there are many types of injuries that could occur. Injuries are not only a hindrance to the individual player, but to the team as a whole. Many strength and conditioning personnel strive to minimise injuries to players to accomplish team success. PURPOSE To investigate whether selected polymorphisms have an association with injury occurrence in elite male Australian Football players. METHODS Using DNA obtained from 46 elite male players, we investigated the associations of injury-related polymorphisms across multiple genes (ACTN3, CCL2, COL1A1, COL5A1, COL12A1, EMILIN1, IGF2, NOGGIN, SMAD6) with injury incidence, severity, type (contact and non-contact), and tissue (muscle, bone, tendon, ligament) over 7 years in one Australian Football League team. RESULTS A significant association was observed between the rs1372857 variant in NOGGIN (p = 0.023) and the number of total muscle injuries, with carriers of the GG genotype having a higher estimated number of injuries, and moderate, or combined moderate and high severity rated total muscle injuries. The COL5A1 rs12722TT genotype also had a significant association (p = 0.028) with the number of total muscle injuries. The COL5A1 variant also had a significant association with contact bone injuries (p = 0.030), with a significant association being found with moderate rated injuries. The IGF2 rs3213221-CC variant was significantly associated with a higher estimated number of contact tendon injuries per game (p = 0.028), while a higher estimated number of total ligament (p = 0.019) and non-contact ligament (p = 0.002) injuries per game were significantly associated with carriage of the COL1A1 rs1800012-TT genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary study is the first to examine associations between genetic variants and injury in Australian Football. NOGGIN rs1372857-GG, COL5A1 rs12722-TT, IGF2 rs3213221-CC, and COL1A1 rs1800012-TT genotypes held various associations with muscle-, bone-, tendon- and ligament-related injuries of differing severities. To further increase our understanding of these, and other, genetic variant associations with injury, competition-wide AFL studies that use more players and a larger array of gene candidates is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ysabel Jacob
- grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Ryan S. Anderton
- grid.266886.40000 0004 0402 6494Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.266886.40000 0004 0402 6494School of Health Science, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Jodie L. Cochrane Wilkie
- grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, WA Perth, Australia
| | | | - Simon M. Laws
- grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Anthony Jones
- West Coast Eagles Football Club, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Tania Spiteri
- grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Dana Hince
- grid.266886.40000 0004 0402 6494Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Hart
- grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.266886.40000 0004 0402 6494Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, WA Australia ,grid.1038.a0000 0004 0389 4302Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, WA Perth, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
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14
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Ribbans WJ, September AV, Collins M. Tendon and Ligament Genetics: How Do They Contribute to Disease and Injury? A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050663. [PMID: 35629331 PMCID: PMC9147569 DOI: 10.3390/life12050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients requiring musculoskeletal management present with tendon and ligament pathology. Our understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that lead to such disabilities is increasing. However, the complexity underpinning these interactive multifactorial elements is still not fully characterised. Evidence highlighting the genetic components, either reducing or increasing susceptibility to injury, is increasing. This review examines the present understanding of the role genetic variations contribute to tendon and ligament injury risk. It examines the different elements of tendon and ligament structure and considers our knowledge of genetic influence on form, function, ability to withstand load, and undertake repair or regeneration. The role of epigenetic factors in modifying gene expression in these structures is also explored. It considers the challenges to interpreting present knowledge, the requirements, and likely pathways for future research, and whether such information has reached the point of clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Ribbans
- School of Health, The University of Northampton, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK
- The County Clinic, Northampton NN1 5DB, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1604-795414
| | - Alison V. September
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (A.V.S.); (M.C.)
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (A.V.S.); (M.C.)
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
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15
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Association of COL5A1 gene polymorphisms and musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries: a meta-analysis based on 21 observational studies. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:129. [PMID: 35241120 PMCID: PMC8895797 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Inconsistent findings existed on the correlation of collagen type V α1 (COL5A1) gene polymorphisms and musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries (MSTIs). The purpose of this study was to collect and combine the current evidences by a meta-analysis approach. Methods Six online databases were searched up to August, 2021. The methodological quality of each individual study was evaluated based upon Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). The strength of the effect size was presented by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) in five genetic models. The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. Results Twenty-one studies were eligible to this meta-analysis. The study quality was deemed fair to excellent according to NOS. In the overall analyses, the merged data suggested that rs12722, rs71746744, and rs3196378 polymorphisms were correlated to an increased susceptibility to MSTIs. But the association was not established in rs13946 or rs11103544 polymorphism. For rs12722 polymorphism, stratified analyses by injury type and ethnicity identified the association mainly existed in ligament injury and among Caucasian population. For rs13946 polymorphism, subgroup analysis suggested the association existed in tendon and ligament injuries. Conclusion This study supports that rs12722 is associated with an elevated susceptibility to ligament injury, especially in the Caucasian population. Rs13946 polymorphism appears to increase the risk to tendon and ligament injuries. Rs71746744 and rs3196378 polymorphisms have a tendency to confer an elevated risk to MSTIs. However, no relevance is found between rs11103544 polymorphism and MSTIs.
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16
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Hall ECR, Baumert P, Larruskain J, Gil SM, Lekue JA, Rienzi E, Moreno S, Tannure M, Murtagh CF, Ade JD, Squires P, Orme P, Anderson L, Brownlee TE, Whitworth-Turner CM, Morton JP, Drust B, Williams AG, Erskine RM. The genetic association with injury risk in male academy soccer players depends on maturity status. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:338-350. [PMID: 34633711 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is currently unknown if injury risk is associated with genetic variation in academy soccer players (ASP). We investigated whether nine candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated (individually and in combination) with injury in ASP at different stages of maturation. Saliva samples and one season's injury records were collected from 402 Caucasian male ASP from England, Spain, Uruguay, and Brazil, whose maturity status was defined as pre- or post-peak height velocity (PHV). Pre-PHV COL5A1 rs12722 CC homozygotes had relatively higher prevalence of any musculoskeletal soft tissue (22.4% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.018) and ligament (18.8% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.029) injury than T-allele carriers, while VEGFA rs2010963 CC homozygotes had greater risk of ligament/tendon injury than G-allele carriers. Post-PHV IL6 rs1800795 CC homozygotes had a relatively higher prevalence of any (67.6% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.003) and muscle (38.2% vs. 19.2%, p = 0.013) injuries than G-allele carriers. Relatively more post-PHV EMILIN1 rs2289360 CC homozygotes suffered any injury than CT and TT genotypes (56.4% vs. 40.3% and 32.8%, p = 0.007), while the "protective" EMILIN1 TT genotype was more frequent in post- than pre-PHV ASP (22.3 vs. 10.0%, p = 0.008). Regardless of maturity status, T-alleles of ACTN3 rs1815739 and EMILIN1 rs2289360 were associated with greater absence following ankle injury, while the MMP3 rs679620 T-allele and MYLK rs28497577 GT genotype were associated with greater absence following knee injury. The combination of injury-associated genotypes was greater in injured vs. non-injured ASP. This study is the first to demonstrate that a genetic association exists with injury prevalence in ASP, which differs according to maturity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott C R Hall
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philipp Baumert
- Exercise Biology Group, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Susana M Gil
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Edgardo Rienzi
- Club Atlético Peñarol, Estadio Campeón del Siglo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sacha Moreno
- Club Atlético Peñarol, Estadio Campeón del Siglo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Conall F Murtagh
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Football Club, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | - Liam Anderson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas E Brownlee
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - James P Morton
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Barry Drust
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alun G Williams
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
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17
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Niemiec P, Szyluk K, Balcerzyk A, Kalita M, Jarosz A, Iwanicka J, Iwanicki T, Nowak T, Negru M, Francuz T, Garczorz W, Grzeszczak W, Górczyńska-Kosiorz S, Kania W, Żak I. Why PRP works only on certain patients with tennis elbow? Is PDGFB gene a key for PRP therapy effectiveness? A prospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:710. [PMID: 34407802 PMCID: PMC8375168 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is variability in individual response to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in tennis elbow treatment. Genetic variation, especially within genes encoding growth factors may influence the observed inter-individual differences. The purpose of this study was to identify polymorphic variants of the platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide gene (PDGFB) that determine an improved individual response to PRP therapy in tennis elbow patients. METHODS This prospective cohort study was designed in accordance with STROBE and MIBO guidelines. A cohort of 107 patients (132 elbows, 25 bilateral) was studied, including 65 females (77 elbows) and 42 males (55 elbows), aged 24-64 years (median 46.00 ± 5.50), with lateral elbow tendinopathy treated with autologous PRP injection. The effectiveness of PRP therapy was recorded in all subjects at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 52 weeks after PRP injection using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), quick version of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (QDASH) and Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE). In order to determine the PDGFB variants with the best response to PRP therapy, patient reported outcome measures were compared between individual genotypes within studied polymorphic variants (rs2285099, rs2285097, rs2247128, rs5757572, rs1800817 and rs7289325). The influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms on blood and PRP parameters, including the concentration of PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB proteins was also analyzed. RESULTS Our analysis identified genetic variants of the PDGFB gene that lead to a better response to PRP therapy. The TT (rs2285099) and CC (rs2285097) homozygotes had higher concentration of platelets in whole blood than carriers of other genotypes (p = 0.018) and showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower values of VAS (weeks 2-12), QDASH and PRTEE (weeks 2-24). The rs2285099 and rs2285097 variants formed strong haplotype block (r2 = 98, D'=100). The AA homozygotes (rs2247128) had significantly lower values of VAS (weeks 4-52), QDASH and PRTEE (weeks 8, 12). CONCLUSIONS PDGFB gene's polymorphisms increase the effectiveness of PRP therapy in tennis elbow treatment. Genotyping two polymorphisms of the PDGFB gene, namely rs2285099 (or rs2285097) and rs2247128 may be a helpful diagnostic tool while assessing patients for PRP therapy and modifying the therapy to improve its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Niemiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Karol Szyluk
- District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Bytomska 62 str, 41-940, Piekary Śląskie, Poland
| | - Anna Balcerzyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Kalita
- District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Bytomska 62 str, 41-940, Piekary Śląskie, Poland
| | - Alicja Jarosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Iwanicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Iwanicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marius Negru
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Departament, St. Bernard's Hospital, Harbour Views Rd, GX11 1AA, Gibraltar, UK
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Garczorz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Władysław Grzeszczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sylwia Górczyńska-Kosiorz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kania
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Multidisciplinary Hospital in Jaworzno, Chełmońskiego 28 Str, 43-600, Jaworzno, Poland
| | - Iwona Żak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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18
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Lim T, Santiago C, Pareja-Galeano H, Iturriaga T, Sosa-Pedreschi A, Fuku N, Pérez-Ruiz M, Yvert T. Genetic variations associated with non-contact muscle injuries in sport: A systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:2014-2032. [PMID: 34270833 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-contact muscle injuries (NCMI) account for a large proportion of sport injuries, affecting athletes' performance and career, team results and financial aspects. Recently, genetic factors have been attributed a role in the susceptibility of an athlete to sustain NCMI. However, data in this field are only just starting to emerge. OBJECTIVES To review available knowledge of genetic variations associated with sport-related NCMI. METHODS The databases Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles published until February 2021. The records selected for review were original articles published in peer-reviewed journals describing studies that have examined NCMI-related genetic variations in adult subjects (17-60 years) practicing any sport. The data extracted from the studies identified were as follows: general information, and data on genetic polymorphisms and NCMI risk, incidence and recovery time and/or severity. RESULTS Seventeen studies examining 47 genes and 59 polymorphisms were finally included. 29 polymorphisms affecting 25 genes were found significantly associated with NCMI risk, incidence, recovery time, and/or severity. These genes pertain to three functional categories: (i) muscle fiber structural/contractile properties, (ii) muscle repair and regeneration, or (iii) muscle fiber external matrix composition and maintenance. CONCLUSION Our review confirmed the important role of genetics in NCMI. Some gene variants have practical implications such as differences of several weeks in recovery time detected between genotypes. Knowledge in this field is still in its early stages. Future studies need to examine a wider diversity of sports and standardize their methods and outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tifanny Lim
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Santiago
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Iturriaga
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Thomas Yvert
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Gibbon A, Raleigh SM, Ribbans WJ, Posthumus M, Collins M, September AV. Functional COL1A1 variants are associated with the risk of acute musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:2290-2298. [PMID: 32017203 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies have reported the association of the COL1A1 Sp1 binding site variant (rs1800012) with the risk of acute musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Interaction with the COL1A1 promoter variant (rs1107946) has also been proposed to modulate acute injury risk. Conversely, neither of these loci have been associated with chronic musculoskeletal soft tissue phenotypes. Therefore, the primary aim of this study involved characterizing these variants in a cohort of participants with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Second, this study aimed to support the contribution of the rs1107946 and rs1800012 variants to the profile predisposing for acute musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries including Achilles tendon and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. A hypothesis-driven association study was conducted. In total, 295 control participants, 210 participants with clinically diagnosed Achilles tendinopathy, and 72 participants with Achilles tendon ruptures recruited independently from South Africa and the United Kingdom were genotyped for the prioritized variants. In addition, a cohort including 232 control participants and 234 participants with surgically diagnosed ACL ruptures was also analyzed. Although no associations were observed in the recruited cohorts, the rare rs1800012 TT genotype was associated with decreased ACL injury risk when the results from the current study were combined with that from previously published studies (P = .040, OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.0-11.0). In addition, the G-T (rs1107946-rs1800012) inferred haplotype was associated with decreased risk for Achilles tendon ruptures. These results support previous observations and reiterate the heterogeneity of musculoskeletal phenlotypes whereby certain markers may be common to the predisposing profiles while others may be unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gibbon
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stuart M Raleigh
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Science, School of Life Science, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - William J Ribbans
- Centre for Physical Activity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Michael Posthumus
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alison V September
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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20
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Clos E, Pruna R, Lundblad M, Artells R, Maffulli N. ACTN3's R577X Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Allele Distribution Differs Significantly in Professional Football Players according to Their Field Position. Med Princ Pract 2020; 30:92-97. [PMID: 32492691 PMCID: PMC7923889 DOI: 10.1159/000509089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Football is characterised by intermittent high-intensity efforts varying according to the field position of a player. We aimed to ascertain whether polymorphisms in the ACTN3 gene are associated with different playing positions in elite professional football players. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Genotyping of the ACTN3 gene was conducted in 43 elite professional football players of a single team. Playing position was recorded based on the player's most frequent position. RESULTS The genotype distribution was not significant between positions (p = 0.057), while the allele distribution differed significantly (p = 0.035). Goalkeepers (p = 0.04, p = 0.03), central defenders (p = 0.03, p = 0.01), and central midfielders (p = 0.01, p = 0.00) had a significantly different allele distribution compared with wide midfielders and forward players. CONCLUSIONS Genetic biomarkers may be important when analysing performance capability in elite professional football. Identifying the genetic characteristics of a player to adapt his playing position may lead to orientation of positions based on physical capabilities and tissue quality in young football players, and also to performance enhancement in those who are already playing in professional teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Clos
- Girona FC Medical Services, Girona, Spain,
| | - Ricard Pruna
- FC Barcelona Medical Services, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilda Lundblad
- Sahlgrenska Academy Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- Clinica Ortopedica, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Keele University, School of Medicine, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Hartshill, United Kingdom
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21
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McAuley ABT, Hughes DC, Tsaprouni LG, Varley I, Suraci B, Roos TR, Herbert AJ, Kelly AL. Genetic association research in football: A systematic review. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:714-752. [PMID: 32466725 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1776401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation is responsible for a large amount of the inter-individual performance disparities seen in sport. As such, in the last ten years genetic association studies have become more common; with one of the most frequently researched sports being football. However, the progress and methodological rigour of genetic association research in football is yet to be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to identify and evaluate all genetic association studies involving football players and outline where and how future research should be directed. Firstly, a systematic search was conducted in the Pubmed and SPORTDiscus databases, which identified 80 eligible studies. Progression analysis revealed that 103 distinct genes have been investigated across multiple disciplines; however, research has predominately focused on the association of the ACTN3 or ACE gene. Furthermore, 55% of the total studies have been published within the last four years; showcasing that genetic association research in football is increasing at a substantial rate. However, there are several methodological inconsistencies which hinder research implications, such as; inadequate description or omission of ethnicity and on-field positions. Furthermore, there is a limited amount of research on several key areas crucial to footballing performance, in particular; psychological related traits. Moving forward, improved research designs, larger sample sizes, and the utilisation of genome-wide and polygenic profiling approaches are recommended. Finally, we introduce the Football Gene Project, which aims to address several of these limitations and ultimately facilitate greater individualised athlete development within football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B T McAuley
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, City South Campus, Westbourne Road, Edgbaston, B15 3TN, UK
| | - David C Hughes
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Loukia G Tsaprouni
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bruce Suraci
- Academy Coaching Department, AFC Bournemouth, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Thomas R Roos
- The International Academy of Sports Science and Technology (AISTS), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam J Herbert
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam L Kelly
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
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22
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John R, Dhillon MS, Dhillon S. Genetics and the Elite Athlete: Our Understanding in 2020. Indian J Orthop 2020; 54:256-263. [PMID: 32399143 PMCID: PMC7205921 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Modern competitive sport has evolved so much that athletes would go to great extremes to develop themselves into champions; medicine has also evolved to the point that many genetic elements have been identified to be associated with specific athletic traits, and genetic alterations are also possible. The current review examines the published literature and looks at three important factors: genetic polymorphism influencing sporting ability, gene doping and genetic tendency to injury. The ACTN3 gene has an influence on type II muscle fibres, with the R allele being advantageous to power sports like sprinting and the XX genotype being associated with lower muscle strength and sprinting ability. The ACE gene polymorphisms are associated with cardio-respiratory efficiency and could influence endurance athletes. Many other genes are being looked at, with specific focus on those that are potentially related to enhancement of athletic ability. Recognition of these specific gene polymorphisms brings into play the concept of genetic engineering in athletes, which constitutes gene doping and is outlawed. This has the potential to develop into the next big threat in elite sports; gene doping could have dangerous and even fatal outcomes, as the knowledge of gene therapy is still in its infancy. Genetic predisposition to injury is also being identified; recent publications have increased the awareness of gene polymorphisms predisposing to injuries of ligaments and tendons due to influence on collagen structure and extracellular matrix. Ongoing work is looking at identifying the same genes from different races and different sexes to see if there are quantitative racial or sexual differences. All of the above have led to serious ethical concerns; in the twenty-first century some sports associations and some countries are looking at genetic testing for their players. Unfortunately, the science is still developing, and the experience of its application is limited worldwide. Nevertheless, this field has caught the imagination of both the public and the sportsperson, and hence the concerned doctors should be aware of the potential problems and current issues involved in understanding genetic traits and polymorphisms, genetic testing and genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh John
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Hull University Teaching Hospital, East Yorkshire, Hull, HU3 2JZ UK
| | - Mandeep Singh Dhillon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India 160012
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23
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Rodas G, Osaba L, Arteta D, Pruna R, Fernández D, Lucia A. Genomic Prediction of Tendinopathy Risk in Elite Team Sports. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:489-495. [PMID: 31615970 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors investigated the association between risk of tendinopathies and genetic markers in professional team sports. METHODS The authors studied 363 (mean [SD]; 25 [6] y, 89% male) elite players (soccer, futsal, basketball, handball, and roller hockey) from a top-level European team (FC Barcelona, Spain). Of 363, 55% (cases) had experienced 1+ episodes of tendinopathy during 2008-2018 and 45% (controls) remained injury free. The authors first examined the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and tendinopathy risk in a hypothesis-free case-control genome-wide association study (495,837 SNPs) with additional target analysis of 58 SNPs that are potential candidates to influence tendinopathy risk based on the literature. Thereafter, the authors augmented the SNP set by performing synthetic variant imputation (1,419,369 SNPs) and then used machine learning-based multivariate modeling (support vector machine and random forest) to build a reliable predictive model. RESULTS Suggestive association (P < 10-5) was found for rs11154027 (gap junction alpha 1), rs4362400 (vesicle amine transport 1-like), and rs10263021 (contactin-associated protein-like 2). Carriage of 1+ variant alleles for rs11154027 (odds ratio = 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-4.19, P = 1.01 × 10-6) or rs4362400 (odds ratio = 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-3.73, P = 9.6 × 10-6) was associated with a higher risk of tendinopathy, whereas an opposite effect was found for rs10263021 (odds ratio = 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.91], P = 4.5 × 10-6). In the modeling approach, one of the most robust SNPs was rs10477683 in the fibrillin 2 gene encoding fibrillin 2, a component of connective tissue microfibrils involved in elastic fiber assembly. CONCLUSIONS The authors have identified previously undescribed genetic predictors of tendinopathy in elite team sports athletes, notably rs11154027, rs4362400, and rs10263021.
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24
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Miyamoto-Mikami E, Miyamoto N, Kumagai H, Hirata K, Kikuchi N, Zempo H, Kimura N, Kamiya N, Kanehisa H, Naito H, Fuku N. COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism is not associated with passive muscle stiffness and sports-related muscle injury in Japanese athletes. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:192. [PMID: 31791263 PMCID: PMC6889657 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor joint flexibility has been repeatedly proposed as a risk factor for muscle injury. The C-to-T polymorphism (rs12722) in the 3'-untranslated region of the collagen type V α1 chain gene (COL5A1) is reportedly associated with joint flexibility. Flexibility of a normal joint is largely determined by passive muscle stiffness, which is influenced by intramuscular collagenous connective tissues including type V collagen. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that the COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism influences joint flexibility via passive muscle stiffness, and is accordingly associated with the incidence of muscle injury. METHODS In Study 1, we examined whether the rs12722 polymorphism is associated with joint flexibility and passive muscle stiffness in 363 healthy young adults. Joint flexibility was evaluated by passive straight-leg-raise and sit-and-reach tests, and passive muscle stiffness was measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography. In Study 2, the association of the rs12722 polymorphism with sports-related muscle injury was assessed in 1559 Japanese athletes. Muscle injury history and severity were assessed by a questionnaire. In both Study 1 and Study 2, the rs12722 C-to-T polymorphism in the COL5A1 was determined using the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. RESULTS Study 1 revealed that the rs12722 polymorphism had no significant effect on range of motion in passive straight-leg-raise and sit-and-reach tests. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in passive muscle stiffness of the hamstring among the rs12722 genotypes. In Study 2, rs12722 genotype frequencies did not differ between the muscle injury and no muscle injury groups. Moreover, no association was observed between rs12722 polymorphism and severity of muscle injury. CONCLUSIONS The present study does not support the view that COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism has a role as a risk factor for sports-related muscle injury, or that it is a determinant for passive muscle stiffness in a Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan. .,Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naokazu Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumagai
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hirata
- Research Fellow of Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Department of Training Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Zempo
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Seiei College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kimura
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai City, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
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25
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ACTN3 single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with non-contact musculoskeletal soft-tissue injury incidence in elite professional football players. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:4055-4061. [PMID: 30721342 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Muscle injuries are common in professional football, even though prevention protocols are being implemented. Genetics constitutes a novel field for studying intrinsic injury risks and performance. Since previous studies involving single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have shown that SNPs influence muscle injury rate, injury severity and recovery time, the aim was to study the association the SNP of ACTN3 has with those parameters in professional football players. METHODS The medical staff team recorded non-contact musculoskeletal soft-tissue injuries in 43 professional football players in 7 different seasons (2007-2012 and 2015-2016). Injury rate, injury severity and injury recovery times were established. Players were genotyped by extracting DNA from a blood sample and using a polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Injury rate was associated with the SNP of ACTN3 (p = 0.003). The 577R allele was more frequent in subjects than in a normal population by showing presence in 93% of the subjects and suggesting that it could influence football performance. No statistically significant differences in injury severity and recovery time were associated with the SNP of ACTN3. CONCLUSIONS Genetics is gaining in importance when assessing injury risk and performance in professional football. ACTN3 can be regarded as a biomarker of injury susceptibility in this discipline. Identifying those players with the highest injury susceptibility through genetics could lead football teams to individualise workloads and prevention protocols. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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26
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Navarro RA, Prentice HA, Inacio MCS, Wyatt R, Maletis GB. The Association Between Race/Ethnicity and Revision Following ACL Reconstruction in a Universally Insured Cohort. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2019; 101:1546-1553. [PMID: 31483397 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.18.01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been few large studies involving multiethnic cohorts of patients treated with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and therefore, little is known about the role that race/ethnicity may play in the differential risk of undergoing revision surgery following primary ACLR. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether differences exist by race/ethnicity in the risk of undergoing the elective procedure of aseptic revision in a universally insured cohort of patients who had undergone ACLR. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study conducted using our integrated health-care system's ACLR registry and including primary ACLRs from 2008 to 2015. Race/ethnicity was categorized into the following 4 groups: non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic, and Asian. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazard models were used to evaluate the association between race/ethnicity and revision risk while adjusting for age, sex, highest educational attainment, annual household income, graft type, and geographic region in which the ACLR was performed. RESULTS Of the 27,258 included patients,13,567 (49.8%) were white, 7,713 (28.3%) were Hispanic, 3,725 (13.7%) were Asian, and 2,253 (8.3%) were black. Asian patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57 to 0.90) and Hispanic patients (HR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.98) had a lower risk of undergoing revision surgery than did white patients. Within the first 3.5 years postoperatively, we did not observe a difference in revision risk when black patients were compared with white patients (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.64 to 1.14); after 3.5 years postoperatively, black patients had a lower risk of undergoing revision (HR = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.63). CONCLUSIONS In a large, universally insured ACLR cohort with equal access to care, we observed Asian, Hispanic, and black patients to have a similar or lower risk of undergoing elective revision compared with white patients. These findings emphasize the need for additional investigation into barriers to equal access to care. Because of the sensitivity and complexity of race/ethnicity with surgical outcomes, continued assessment into the reasons for the differences observed, as well as any differences in other clinical outcomes, is warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Navarro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Harbor City, California
| | - Heather A Prentice
- Surgical Outcomes and Analysis, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California
| | - Maria C S Inacio
- Division of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ronald Wyatt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Permanente Medical Group, Walnut Creek, California
| | - Gregory B Maletis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Baldwin Park, California
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Kumagai H, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Hirata K, Kikuchi N, Kamiya N, Hoshikawa S, Zempo H, Naito H, Miyamoto N, Fuku N. ESR1 rs2234693 Polymorphism Is Associated with Muscle Injury and Muscle Stiffness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:19-26. [PMID: 30113520 PMCID: PMC6310456 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Purpose Muscle injury is the most common sports injury. Muscle stiffness, a risk factor for muscle injury, is lower in females than in males, implying that sex-related genetic polymorphisms influence muscle injury associated with muscle stiffness. The present study aimed to clarify the associations between two genetic polymorphisms (rs2234693 and rs9340799) in the estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) and muscle injury or muscle stiffness. Methods In study 1, a questionnaire was used to assess the muscle injury history of 1311 Japanese top-level athletes. In study 2, stiffness of the hamstring muscles was assessed using ultrasound shear wave elastography in 261 physically active young adults. In both studies, rs2234693 C/T and rs9340799 G/A polymorphisms in the ESR1 were analyzed using the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. Results In study 1, genotype frequencies for ESR1 rs2234693 C/T were significantly different between the injured and noninjured groups in a C-allele dominant (CC + CT vs TT: odds ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.91) and additive (CC vs CT vs TT: odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.91) model in all athletes. In study 2, hamstring muscle stiffness was lower in subjects with the CC + CT genotype than in those with the TT genotype; a significant linear trend (CC < CT < TT) was found (r = 0.135, P = 0.029). In contrast, no associations were observed between ESR1 rs9340799 G/A and muscle injury or stiffness. Conclusions Our results suggest that the ESR1 rs2234693 C allele, in contrast to the T allele, provides protection against muscle injury by lowering muscle stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumagai
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, JAPAN.,Research Fellow of Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, JAPAN.,Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, JAPAN
| | - Kosuke Hirata
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, JAPAN
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Department of Training Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara, JAPAN
| | - Seigo Hoshikawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, JAPAN.,Edogawa University, Chiba, JAPAN
| | - Hirofumi Zempo
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Seiei College, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, JAPAN
| | - Naokazu Miyamoto
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, JAPAN
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, JAPAN
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28
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Pickering C, Kiely J. Hamstring injury prevention: A role for genetic information? Med Hypotheses 2018; 119:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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29
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Salles JI, Lopes LR, Duarte MEL, Morrissey D, Martins MB, Machado DE, Guimarães JAM, Perini JA. Fc receptor-like 3 (-169T>C) polymorphism increases the risk of tendinopathy in volleyball athletes: a case control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:119. [PMID: 30021560 PMCID: PMC6052601 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Tendinopathy pathogenesis is associated with inflammation. Regulatory T (Treg) cells contribute to early tissue repair through an anti-inflammatory action, with the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) transcription factor being essential for Treg function, and the FC-receptor-like 3 (FCRL3) possibly negatively regulating Treg function. FCRL3 –169T>C and FOXP3 –2383C>T polymorphisms are located near elements that regulate respective genes expression, thus it was deemed relevant to evaluate these polymorphisms as risk factors for tendinopathy development in athletes. Methods This case-control study included 271 volleyball athletes (146 tendinopathy cases and 125 controls) recruited from the Brazilian Volleyball Federation. Genotyping analyses were performed using TaqMan assays, and the association of the polymorphisms with tendinopathy evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. Results Tendinopathy frequency was 63% patellar, 22% rotator cuff and 15% Achilles tendons respectively. Tendinopathy was more common in men (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.67–4.93). Higher age (OR = 8.75; 95% CI = 4.33–17.69) and more years of volleyball practice (OR = 8.38; 95% CI = 3.56–19.73) were risk factors for tendinopathy. The FCRL3 –169T>C frequency was significantly different between cases and controls. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the FCRL3 –169C polymorphism was associated with increased tendinopathy risk (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.02–2.04), either considering athletes playing with tendon pain (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.30–3.01) or unable to train due to pain (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.01–3.53). The combined variant genotypes, FCRL3 –169TC or –169CC and FOXP3 –2383CT or –2383TT, were associated with an increased risk of tendinopathy among athletes with tendon pain (OR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.14–4.40 and OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.11–6.10). The combined analysis of FCRL3 –169T>C and FOXP3 –2383C>T suggests a gene-gene interaction in the susceptibility to tendinopathy. Conclusions FCRL3 –169C allele may increase the risk of developing tendinopathy, and together with knowledge of potential risk factors (age, gender and years playing) could be used to personalize elite athletes’ training or treatment in combination with other approaches, with the aim of minimizing pathology development risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Inácio Salles
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Avenida Brasil, 500, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-070, Brazil.,Federation International de Volleyball (FIVB) - Coach Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centre for Sports Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lucas Rafael Lopes
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Avenida Brasil, 500, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-070, Brazil.,Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Zone State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Program of Post-graduation in Public Health and Environment, National School of Public Health, Oswald Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugenia Leite Duarte
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Avenida Brasil, 500, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-070, Brazil
| | - Dylan Morrissey
- Centre for Sports Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Marilena Bezerra Martins
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Avenida Brasil, 500, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-070, Brazil
| | - Daniel Escorsim Machado
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Zone State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Matheus Guimarães
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Avenida Brasil, 500, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-070, Brazil
| | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Avenida Brasil, 500, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-070, Brazil. .,Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Zone State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Program of Post-graduation in Public Health and Environment, National School of Public Health, Oswald Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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McCabe K, Collins C. Can Genetics Predict Sports Injury? The Association of the Genes GDF5, AMPD1, COL5A1 and IGF2 on Soccer Player Injury Occurrence. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6010021. [PMID: 29910325 PMCID: PMC5969195 DOI: 10.3390/sports6010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics plays an integral role in athletic performance and is increasingly becoming recognised as an important risk factor for injury. Ankle and knee injuries are the most common injuries sustained by soccer players. Often these injuries result in players missing training and matches, which can incur significant costs to clubs. This study aimed to identify genotypes associated with ankle and knee injuries in soccer players and how these impacted the number of matches played. 289 soccer players, including 46 professional, 98 semi-professional and 145 amateur players, were genetically tested. Ankle and knee injuries and the number of matches played were recorded during the 2014/15 season. Four genes were assessed in relation to injury. Genotypes found to be associated with injury included the TT (nucleobase) genotype of the GDF5 gene, TT and CT (nucleobase) genotypes of AMPD1 gene, TT genotype of COL5A1 and GG (nucleobase) genotype of IGF2 gene. These genes were also associated with a decrease in the number of matches played.
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LARRUSKAIN JON, CELORRIO DAVID, BARRIO IRANTZU, ODRIOZOLA ADRIAN, GIL SUSANAM, FERNANDEZ-LOPEZ JUANR, NOZAL RAUL, ORTUZAR ISUSKO, LEKUE JOSEA, AZNAR JOSEM. Genetic Variants and Hamstring Injury in Soccer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:361-368. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Heffernan SM, Kilduff LP, Erskine RM, Day SH, Stebbings GK, Cook CJ, Raleigh SM, Bennett MA, Wang G, Collins M, Pitsiladis YP, Williams AG. COL5A1 gene variants previously associated with reduced soft tissue injury risk are associated with elite athlete status in rugby. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:820. [PMID: 29143592 PMCID: PMC5688435 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms within the COL5A1 gene (SNPs; rs12722 C/T and rs3196378 C/A) have previously been associated with tendon and ligament pathologies. Given the high incidence of tendon and ligament injuries in elite rugby athletes, we hypothesised that both SNPs would be associated with career success. Results In 1105 participants (RugbyGene project), comprising 460 elite rugby union (RU), 88 elite rugby league athletes and 565 non-athlete controls, DNA was collected and genotyped for the COL5A1 rs12722 and rs3196378 variants using real-time PCR. For rs12722, the injury-protective CC genotype and C allele were more common in all athletes (21% and 47%, respectively) and RU athletes (22% and 48%) than in controls (16% and 41%, P ≤ 0.01). For rs3196378, the CC genotype and C allele were overrepresented in all athletes (23% and 48%) and RU athletes (24% and 49%) compared with controls (16% and 41%, P ≤ 0.02). The CC genotype in particular was overrepresented in the back and centres (24%) compared with controls, with more than twice the odds (OR = 2.25, P = 0.006) of possessing the injury-protective CC genotype. Furthermore, when considering both SNPs simultaneously, the CC–CC SNP-SNP combination and C–C inferred allele combination were higher in all the athlete groups (≥18% and ≥43%) compared with controls (13% and 40%; P = 0.01). However, no genotype differences were identified for either SNP when RU playing positions were compared directly with each other. Conclusion It appears that the C alleles, CC genotypes and resulting combinations of both rs12722 and rs3196378 are beneficial for rugby athletes to achieve elite status and carriage of these variants may impart an inherited resistance against soft tissue injury, despite exposure to the high-risk environment of elite rugby. These data have implications for the management of inter-individual differences in injury risk amongst elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Heffernan
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, Manchester, UK. .,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Liam P Kilduff
- A-STEM, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Robert M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen H Day
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, Manchester, UK
| | - Georgina K Stebbings
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, Manchester, UK
| | - Christian J Cook
- A-STEM, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Stuart M Raleigh
- Centre for Physical Activity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Mark A Bennett
- A-STEM, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Guan Wang
- FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town (UCT), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Alun G Williams
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, Manchester, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Pruna R, Artells R, Lundblad M, Maffulli N. Genetic biomarkers in non-contact muscle injuries in elite soccer players. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:3311-3318. [PMID: 27085366 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-016-4081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Damage to skeletal muscle necessitates regeneration to maintain proper muscle form and function. Interindividual differences in injury severity, recovery time, and injury rate could be explained by the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the reparation and regeneration of connective tissue . We wished to identify new genetic biomarkers that could help to prevent or minimize the risk of non-contact muscle injuries and are associated with a predisposition to developing muscle injuries. METHODS Using allelic discrimination techniques, we analysed 12 SNPs in selected genes from the genomic DNA of 74 elite soccer players. RESULTS SNPs in the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene showed evidence of a statistically significant association with injury incidence, severity, and recovery time. SNPs in the SOX15 gene showed evidence of a statistically significant association with injury incidence. SNPs in the GEFT and LIF genes showed evidence of a statistically significant association with recovery time. CONCLUSIONS Genetic profile could explain why some elite soccer players are predisposed to suffer more injuries than others and why they need more time to recover from a particular injury. SNPs in HGF genes have an important role as biomarkers of biological processes fragility within muscle injuries related to injury rate, severity, and long recovery time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Pruna
- F.C. Barcelona Medical Services, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Matilda Lundblad
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
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Vaughn NH, Stepanyan H, Gallo RA, Dhawan A. Genetic Factors in Tendon Injury: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Orthop J Sports Med 2017; 5:2325967117724416. [PMID: 28856171 PMCID: PMC5571768 DOI: 10.1177/2325967117724416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon injury such as tendinopathy or rupture is common and has multiple etiologies, including both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The genetic influence on susceptibility to tendon injury is not well understood. PURPOSE To analyze the published literature regarding genetic factors associated with tendon injury. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A systematic review of published literature was performed in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to identify current evidence for genetic predisposition to tendon injury. PubMed, Ovid, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Studies were included for review if they specifically addressed genetic factors and tendon injuries in humans. Reviews, animal studies, or studies evaluating the influence of posttranscription factors and modifications (eg, proteins) were excluded. RESULTS Overall, 460 studies were available for initial review. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were ultimately included for qualitative synthesis. Upon screening of references of these 11 articles, an additional 15 studies were included in the final review, for a total of 26 studies. The genetic factors with the strongest evidence of association with tendon injury were those involving type V collagen A1, tenascin-C, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and estrogen-related receptor beta. CONCLUSION The published literature is limited to relatively homogenous populations, with only level 3 and level 4 data. Additional research is needed to make further conclusions about the genetic factors involved in tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie H. Vaughn
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hayk Stepanyan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A. Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aman Dhawan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Massidda M, Eynon N, Bachis V, Corrias L, Culigioni C, Cugia P, Scorcu M, Calò CM. Association Between MCT1 A1470T Polymorphism and Fat-Free Mass in Well-Trained Young Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:1171-6. [PMID: 26340466 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the MCT1 A1470T polymorphism and fat-free mass in young Italian elite soccer players. Participants were 128 Italian male soccer players. Fat-free mass was estimated for each of the soccer player using age- and gender-specific formulas with plicometry. Genotyping for the MCT1 A1470T polymorphism was performed using polymerase chain reaction. The MCT1 A1470T genotypes were in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium distribution. The percentage of fat-free mass was significantly higher in soccer players with the TT genotype and in the T-allele-dominant model group (TT + AT) compared with the soccer players with the AA genotype. The MCT1 T allele is associated with the percentage of fat-free mass in young elite male soccer players. Elucidating the genetic basis of body composition in athletes could potentially be used as an additional tool for strength and conditioning professionals in planning and adjusting training. However, these results are preliminary and need to be replicated in more cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myosotis Massidda
- 1Department Life and Environmental Sciences, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy; 2Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Victoria, Australia; and 3FMSI CR Sardegna and Cagliari Calcio Spa, Cagliari, Italy
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Yanguas Leyes J, Pruna Grivé R, Artells Prats R. [Pseudocyclops: An entity to take into consideration after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in football players. Biological predisposition?]. Med Clin (Barc) 2016; 147:422. [PMID: 27575528 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Yanguas Leyes
- Servicios Médicos del Futbol Club Barcelona (FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence), Barcelona, España.
| | - Ricard Pruna Grivé
- Servicios Médicos del Futbol Club Barcelona (FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence), Barcelona, España
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Baumert P, Lake MJ, Stewart CE, Drust B, Erskine RM. Genetic variation and exercise-induced muscle damage: implications for athletic performance, injury and ageing. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1595-625. [PMID: 27294501 PMCID: PMC4983298 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged unaccustomed exercise involving muscle lengthening (eccentric) actions can result in ultrastructural muscle disruption, impaired excitation-contraction coupling, inflammation and muscle protein degradation. This process is associated with delayed onset muscle soreness and is referred to as exercise-induced muscle damage. Although a certain amount of muscle damage may be necessary for adaptation to occur, excessive damage or inadequate recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage can increase injury risk, particularly in older individuals, who experience more damage and require longer to recover from muscle damaging exercise than younger adults. Furthermore, it is apparent that inter-individual variation exists in the response to exercise-induced muscle damage, and there is evidence that genetic variability may play a key role. Although this area of research is in its infancy, certain gene variations, or polymorphisms have been associated with exercise-induced muscle damage (i.e. individuals with certain genotypes experience greater muscle damage, and require longer recovery, following strenuous exercise). These polymorphisms include ACTN3 (R577X, rs1815739), TNF (-308 G>A, rs1800629), IL6 (-174 G>C, rs1800795), and IGF2 (ApaI, 17200 G>A, rs680). Knowing how someone is likely to respond to a particular type of exercise could help coaches/practitioners individualise the exercise training of their athletes/patients, thus maximising recovery and adaptation, while reducing overload-associated injury risk. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical analysis of the literature concerning gene polymorphisms associated with exercise-induced muscle damage, both in young and older individuals, and to highlight the potential mechanisms underpinning these associations, thus providing a better understanding of exercise-induced muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumert
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Mark J Lake
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Barry Drust
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Robert M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
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Artells R, Pruna R, Dellal A, Maffulli N. Elastin: a possible genetic biomarker for more severe ligament injuries in elite soccer. A pilot study. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2016; 6:188-192. [PMID: 27900291 PMCID: PMC5115249 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2016.6.2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of new genetic biomarkers in genes related to connective tissue repair and regeneration may help to identify individuals with greater predisposition to injury, who may benefit from targeted preventive measures, and those who require longer recovery time following a muscle, ligament or tendon injury. The present study investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of the Elastin gene could be related to MCL injury. METHODS 60 top class football players were studied to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms for the Elastin (ELN) gene using Allelic Discrimination analysis. Each player was followed for 7 seasons, and each MCL injury was noted. RESULTS Ligament injury rate, severity and recovery time are related to specific genotypes observed in the elastin gene, especially the ELN-AA (16 MCL) and the ELN-AG (3 MCL). Players with the ELN-GG genotype sustained no MCL injury during the 7 seasons of the study. CONCLUSIONS The identification of polymorphisms in the ELN gene may be used as a novel tool to better define an athlete's genotype, and help to plan training and rehabilitation programmes to prevent or minimize MCL ligament injuries, and optimize the therapeutic and rehabilitation process after soft tissue injuries, and manage the workloads during trainings and matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Artells
- SM Genomics, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Pruna
- FC Barcelona Medical Services, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Dellal
- FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Centre Orhopedique Santy, Lyon, France
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders Faculty of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Chen B, Li B, Qi YJ, Tie K, Chen LB. Association study between growth differentiation factor 5 polymorphism and non-contact anterior cruciate ligament rupture in Chinese Han population. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:22484-22490. [PMID: 26885231 PMCID: PMC4730017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is the most common ligamentous injury for active adolescents and young adults each year. However, the precise etiologies of ACL injury are not fully understood. The present study was to investigate +104T/C polymorphism of growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene in patients with ACL rupture, and evaluate the effects of polymorphism on GDF5 mRNA levels in ligament of patients with ACL rupture in central China. METHODS A total of 286 Chinese patients with ACL rupture and 500healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The +104T/C polymorphism in GDF5 gene were genotyped by DNA sequencing. GDF5 mRNA expressions levels in ligament were determined by quantitative PCR. RESULTS The frequency of the TT genotype tended to be higher in ACL rupture group than in control group (62.6% vs. 48.0%, P< 0.001, OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.35-2.44). T allele of the GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism was more common in ACL rupture group than in control group (P< 0.001). Patients carrying TT genotype expressed lower levels of GDF5 mRNA than C carriers (P = 0.005) among ACL rupture. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism was associated with ACL rupture patients in central China. This is likely from decreased expressions of GDF5 mRNA. Further studies are necessary to explore the functional implication of the GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism in Chinese ACL rupture patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Jian Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Tie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Liao-Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
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40
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Massidda M, Eynon N, Bachis V, Corrias L, Culigioni C, Piras F, Cugia P, Scorcu M, Calò CM. Influence of the MCT1 rs1049434 on Indirect Muscle Disorders/Injuries in Elite Football Players. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2015; 1:33. [PMID: 26478856 PMCID: PMC4600723 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-015-0033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MCT1 rs1049434 polymorphism and indirect muscle injuries in elite football players. One hundred and seventy-three male elite Italian football players (age = 19.2 ± 5.3 years) were recruited from a first-league football club participating at the Official National Italian Football Championship (Serie A, Primavera, Allievi, Giovanissimi). The cohort was genotyped for the MCT1 rs1049434 polymorphism, and muscle injuries data were collected during the period of 2009–2014 (five football seasons). Methods Genomic DNA was extracted using a buccal swab, and genotyping was performed using PCR method. Structural-mechanical injuries and functional muscle disorder were included in the acute indirect muscle injury group. Results Participants with the MCT1 AA (AA = 1.57 ± 3.07, n = 69) genotype exhibit significantly higher injury incidents compared to participants with the TT genotype (TT = 0.09 ± 0.25, n = 22, P = 0.04). Conclusions The MCT1 rs1049434 polymorphism is associated with the incidence of muscle injuries in elite football players. We anticipate that the knowledge of athletes’ genetic predisposition to sports-related injuries might aid in individualizing training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myosotis Massidda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Valeria Bachis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Corrias
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Culigioni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Cugia
- FIMSI CR Sardegna and Cagliari Calcio Spa, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Scorcu
- FIMSI CR Sardegna and Cagliari Calcio Spa, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla M Calò
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Goodlin GT, Roos AK, Roos TR, Hawkins C, Beache S, Baur S, Kim SK. Applying personal genetic data to injury risk assessment in athletes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122676. [PMID: 25919592 PMCID: PMC4412532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified genetic markers associated with risk for certain sports-related injuries and performance-related conditions, with the hope that these markers could be used by individual athletes to personalize their training and diet regimens. We found that we could greatly expand the knowledge base of sports genetic information by using published data originally found in health and disease studies. For example, the results from large genome-wide association studies for low bone mineral density in elderly women can be re-purposed for low bone mineral density in young endurance athletes. In total, we found 124 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with: anterior cruciate ligament tear, Achilles tendon injury, low bone mineral density and stress fracture, osteoarthritis, vitamin/mineral deficiencies, and sickle cell trait. Of these single nucleotide polymorphisms, 91% have not previously been used in sports genetics. We conducted a pilot program on fourteen triathletes using this expanded knowledge base of genetic variants associated with sports injury. These athletes were genotyped and educated about how their individual genetic make-up affected their personal risk profile during an hour-long personal consultation. Overall, participants were favorable of the program, found it informative, and most acted upon their genetic results. This pilot program shows that recent genetic research provides valuable information to help reduce sports injuries and to optimize nutrition. There are many genetic studies for health and disease that can be mined to provide useful information to athletes about their individual risk for relevant injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle T Goodlin
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Andrew K Roos
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Thomas R Roos
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Claire Hawkins
- Department of Human Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Sydney Beache
- Department of Human Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Stephen Baur
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Stuart K Kim
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
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Stępień-Słodkowska M, Ficek K, Kaczmarczyk M, Maciejewska-Karłowska A, Sawczuk M, Leońska-Duniec A, Stępiński M, Ziętek P, Król P, Chudecka M, Cięszczyk P. The Variants Within the COL5A1 Gene are Associated with Reduced Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Skiers. J Hum Kinet 2015; 45:103-11. [PMID: 25964814 PMCID: PMC4415823 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association of the BstUI RFLP C/T (rs 12722) and DpnII RFLP C/T (rs 13946) COL5A1 polymorphisms, individually and as haplotypes, with anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in recreational skiers. Subjects were 138 male recreational skiers with surgically diagnosed primary anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. The control group consisted of 183 apparently healthy male recreational skiers, who were without any self-reported history of ligament or tendon injury. DNA was extracted from buccal cells donated by the subjects and genotyping was carried out using real-time PCR. The genotype distributions for both polymorphisms met Hardy-Weinberg expectations in both groups. There were no significant differences in genotype distribution of allele frequencies of COL5A1 BstUI RFLP C/T and COL5A1 DpnII RFLP C/T polymorphisms between the ACL rupture and control groups. The T-T (BstUI RFLP T, DpnII RFLP T) haplotype was the most common (55.6%). The haplotype T-C was not present in any of the subjects. There was an underrepresentation tendency of the C-T haplotype in the study group compared to controls under recessive mode of inheritance. Higher frequency of the COL5A1 BstUI RFLP C/T and COL5A1DpnII RFLP C/T polymorphisms haplotype is associated with reduced risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in a group of apparently healthy male recreational skiers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Ficek
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Marek Sawczuk
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agata Leońska-Duniec
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland. ; Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Miłosz Stępiński
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Ziętek
- Medical University at Szczecin, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Pomeranian Medical, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Król
- University of Rzeszow, Department of Physical Culture, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Monika Chudecka
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- University of Szczecin, Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin, Poland. ; Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk, Poland
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Massidda M, Corrias L, Bachis V, Cugia P, Piras F, Scorcu M, Calò CM. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and musculoskeletal injuries in professional football players. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1974-1978. [PMID: 26161149 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and musculoskeletal injury (MI) in elite football players. In total, 54 male professional football players were recruited from an official Italian professional championship team between 2009 and 2013. The cohort was genotyped for the ApaI, BsmI and FokI polymorphisms and MI data were collected over four football seasons. No significant differences were identified among the genotypes in the incidence rates or severity of MI (P=0.254). In addition, no significant associations were observed between VDR polymorphisms and MI phenotypes (P=0.460). However, the results of the casewise multiple regression analysis indicated that the ApaI genotypes accounted for 18% of injury severity (P=0.002). Therefore, while the BsmI and FokI polymorphisms did not appear to be associated with the severity or incidence of MI, the ApaI genotypes may have influenced the severity of muscle injury in top-level football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myosotis Massidda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09100, Italy
| | - Laura Corrias
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09100, Italy
| | - Valeria Bachis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09100, Italy
| | - Paolo Cugia
- FMSI CR Sardegna and Cagliari Calcio SpA, Cagliari 09100, Italy
| | - Francesco Piras
- FMSI CR Sardegna and Cagliari Calcio SpA, Cagliari 09100, Italy
| | - Marco Scorcu
- FMSI CR Sardegna and Cagliari Calcio SpA, Cagliari 09100, Italy
| | - Carla M Calò
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09100, Italy
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Pruna R, Ribas J, Montoro JB, Artells R. The impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms on patterns of non-contact musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries in a football player population according to ethnicity. Med Clin (Barc) 2015; 144:105-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle T Goodlin
- *Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; and †Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Pruna R, Til L, Artells R. Could single nucleotide polymorphisms influence on the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of sport injuries? Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2014; 4:63-65. [PMID: 24932449 PMCID: PMC4049652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a new powerful biological tool in sports medicine, when used to treat tendon, ligament and muscle injuries. PRP is a fraction of autologous whole blood containing an increased number of platelets and a wide variety of cytokines that can improve and accelerate the healing of various tissues. An analysis of the literature shows promising pre-clinical results for PRP treatment, but there is a lack of solid clinical proof to support its use in sports medicine, and in fact, clinical findings on individual responses to PRP treatment are contradictory. These contradictions may be due to interindividual differences in the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to PRPs and/or their receptors. These SNPs can determine a greater or lesser response to this treatment and consequently a shorter or longer recovery time. We have focused our attention in the study of genes related to PRP with the aim to develope a genetic profile that will identify the individuals and injuries most likely to benefit from PRP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Pruna
- Football Club Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Til
- Football Club Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain
- Olympic Center of Sports Medicine (CAR), Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Artells
- SM Genomics, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
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