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Chen IC, Chen WL, Chang KH, Lee JW, Lin TH, Lin W, Chen CM, Lee-Chen GJ. Investigating the therapeutic effects of novel compounds targeting inflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 signaling pathways in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176370. [PMID: 38320719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
At least seven dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are caused by expansions of polyglutamine (polyQ)-encoding CAG repeat. The misfolded and aggregated polyQ-expanded proteins increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular toxicity, and neuroinflammation in the disease pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory potentials of coumarin derivatives LM-021, LMDS-1, LMDS-2, and pharmacological chaperone tafamidis using mouse BV-2 microglia and SCA3 ataxin-3 (ATXN3)/Q75-GFP SH-SY5Y cells. The four tested compounds displayed anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production, and CD68 antigen (CD68) and histocompatibility-2 (MHCII) expression in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated BV-2 microglia. In retinoic acid-differentiated ATXN3/Q75-GFP-expressing SH-SY5Y cells inflamed with LPS/IFN-γ-primed BV-2 conditioned medium, treatment with test compounds mitigated the increased caspase 1 activity and lactate dehydrogenase release, reduced ROS and ATXN3/Q75 aggregation, and promoted neurite outgrowth. Examination of IL-1β and IL-6-mediated signaling pathways revealed that LM-021, LMDS-1, LMDS-2, and tafamidis decreased NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun proto-oncogene (JNK/JUN), inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα)/P65, mitogen-activated protein kinase 14/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (P38/STAT1), and/or Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling. The study results suggest the potential of LM-021, LMDS-1, LMDS-2, and tafamidis in treating SCA3 and probable other polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Cheng Chen
- High-value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Wei Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
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Chen G, Chen Y, Hong J, Gao J, Xu Z. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside regulates estrogen receptor expression to ameliorate OVX-induced osteoporosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:792. [PMID: 37875947 PMCID: PMC10594807 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is a phytoestrogen that has been reported to improve postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) caused by estrogen deficiency. In our work, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of SDG in regulating the expressions of ERs on PMOP model rats. METHODS Ovariectomization (OVX) was used to establish PMOP model in rats. The experiment was allocated to Sham, OVX, SDG and raloxifene (RLX) groups. After 12-week treatment, micro-CT was used to detect the transverse section of bone. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and Safranine O-Fast Green staining were supplied to detect the femur pathological morphology of rats. Estradiol (E2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), bone formation and bone catabolism indexes in serum were detected using ELISA. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was used to detect the osteogenic ability of chondrocytes. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were applied to detect the protein expressions of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the femur of rats. RESULTS Compared with the OVX group, micro-CT results showed SDG could lessen the injury of bone and improve femoral parameters, including bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). Pathological results showed SDG could reduce pathological injury of femur in OVX rats. Meanwhile, SDG decreased the level of IL-6 and regulated bone formation and bone catabolism indexes. Besides, SDG increased the level of E2 and conversed OVX-induced decreased the expression of ERα and ERβ. CONCLUSION The treatment elicited by SDG in OVX rats was due to the reduction of injury and inflammation and improvement of bone formation index, via regulating the expression of E2 and ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yansong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junyi Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junwei Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhikun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang Province, China
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Yang PN, Chen WL, Lee JW, Lin CH, Chen YR, Lin CY, Lin W, Yao CF, Wu YR, Chang KH, Chen CM, Lee-Chen GJ. Coumarin-chalcone hybrid LM-021 and indole derivative NC009-1 targeting inflammation and oxidative stress to protect BE(2)-M17 cells against α-synuclein toxicity. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8061-8089. [PMID: 37578928 PMCID: PMC10497001 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is featured mainly by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of α-synuclein-containing aggregates in the substantia nigra of brain. The α-synuclein fibrils and aggregates lead to increased oxidative stress and neural toxicity in PD. Chronic inflammation mediated by microglia is one of the hallmarks of PD pathophysiology. In this report, we showed that coumarin-chalcone hybrid LM-021 and indole derivative NC009-1 reduced the expression of major histocompatibility complex-II, NLR family pyrin domain containing (NLRP) 3, caspase-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in α-synuclein-activated mouse BV-2 microglia. Release of pro-inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was also mitigated. In BE(2)-M17 cells expressing A53T α-synuclein aggregates, LM-021 and NC009-1 reduced α-synuclein aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, and promoted neurite outgrowth. These protective effects were mediated by downregulating NLRP1, IL-1β and IL-6, and their downstream pathways including nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor alpha (IκBα)/NF-κB P65 subunit (P65), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/proto-oncogene c-Jun (JUN), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (P38)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1, and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3. The study results indicate LM-021 and NC009-1 as potential new drug candidates for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ning Yang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Wei Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yin Lin
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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Alawlaqi MM, Al-Rajhi AMH, Abdelghany TM, Ganash M, Moawad H. Evaluation of Biomedical Applications for Linseed Extract: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vitro. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:300. [PMID: 37367264 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few decades, the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes has accelerated alarmingly and resulted in significant health issues. Morbidity and mortality have increased along with the prevalence of infections caused by MDR bacteria, making the need to solve these problems an urgent and unmet challenge. Therefore, the current investigation aimed to evaluate the activity of linseed extract against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as an isolate from diabetic foot infection. In addition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biological activities of linseed extract were evaluated. RESULT HPLC analysis indicated the presence of 1932.20 µg/mL, 284.31 µg/mL, 155.10 µg/mL, and 120.86 µg/mL of chlorogenic acid, methyl gallate, gallic acid, and ellagic acid, respectively, in the linseed extract. Rutin, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and vanillin were also detected in the extract of linseed. Linseed extract inhibited MRSA (35.67 mm inhibition zone) compared to the inhibition zone (29.33 mm) caused by ciprofloxacin. Standards of chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, methyl gallate, rutin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and coumaric acid compounds reflected different inhibition zones against MRSA when tested individually, but less than the inhibitory action of crude extract. A lower MIC value, of 15.41 µg/mL, was observed using linseed extract than the MIC 31.17 µg/mL of the ciprofloxacin. The MBC/MIC index indicated the bactericidal properties of linseed extract. The inhibition % of MRSA biofilm was 83.98, 90.80, and 95.58%, using 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively, of the MBC of linseed extract. A promising antioxidant activity of linseed extract was recorded, with an IC50 value of 20.8 µg/mL. Anti-diabetic activity of linseed extract, expressed by glucosidase inhibition, showed an IC50 of 177.75 µg/mL. Anti-hemolysis activity of linseed extract was documented at 90.1, 91.5, and 93.7% at 600, 800, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. Anti-hemolysis activity of the chemical drug indomethacin, on the other hand, was measured at 94.6, 96.2, and 98.6% at 600, 800, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. The interaction of the main detected compound in linseed extract (chlorogenic acid) with the crystal structure of the 4G6D protein of S. aureus was investigated via the molecular docking (MD) mode to determine the greatest binding approach that interacted most energetically with the binding locations. MD showed that chlorogenic acid was an appropriate inhibitor for S. aureus via inhibition of its 4HI0 protein. The MD interaction resulted in a low energy score (-6.26841 Kcal/mol) with specified residues (PRO 38, LEU 3, LYS 195, and LYS 2), indicating its essential role in the repression of S. aureus growth. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings clearly revealed the great potential of the in vitro biological activity of linseed extract as a safe source for combatting multidrug-resistant S. aureus. In addition, linseed extract provides health-promoting antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents. Clinical reports are required to authenticate the role of linseed extract in the treatment of a variety of ailments and prevent the development of complications associated with diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Alawlaqi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha M H Al-Rajhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M Abdelghany
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11725, Egypt
| | - Magdah Ganash
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Moawad
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
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Wang J, Liu YM, Hu J, Chen C. Potential of natural products in combination with arsenic trioxide: Investigating cardioprotective effects and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114464. [PMID: 37060657 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, clinical trials conducted worldwide have demonstrated the efficacy of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in the treatment of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Currently, ATO has become the frontline treatments for patients with APL. However, its therapeutic applicability is severely constrained by ATO-induced cardiac side effects. Any cardioprotective agents that can ameliorate the cardiac side effects and allow exploiting the full therapeutic potential of ATO, undoubtedly gain significant attention. The knowledge and use of natural products for evidence-based therapy have grown rapidly in recent years. Here we discussed the potential mechanism of ATO-induced cardiac side effects and reviewed the studies on cardiac side effects as well as the research history of ATO in the treatment of APL. Then, We summarized the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of ATO-induced cardiac side effects. Based on the efficacy and safety of the natural product, it has a promising future in the development of cardioprotective agents against ATO-induced cardiac side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yong-Mei Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Cong Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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Baniamerian R, Tahermohammadi H, Daneshfard B, Agin K, Sadr S, Kaveh S, Shakeri N, Ilkhani R. Herbal Treatment of COPD and Asthma According to Persian Medicine: a Review of Current Evidence. TANAFFOS 2023; 22:187-199. [PMID: 38628881 PMCID: PMC11016916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common pulmonary diseases. The current therapeutic outcomes are not satisfactory and may cause adverse events such as cardiovascular complications. In this study, we aimed to discuss some effective medicinal herbs for the management of COPD. Materials and Methods In this review, we looked for effective medicinal herbs for productive cough with thick and sticky mucus in Persian medicine sources such as Qanoon fi al-Teb, Exir Azam, and Zakhire Kharazmshahi. Then, to find relevant evidence about them, the data sources (PubMed and Google Scholar) were searched in the English language without time restriction from inception up to March 2022. Results We found that Zataria multiflora, Thymus vulgaris L, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Crocus sativus L., Nepeta bracteata Benth., and Hyssopus officinalis have beneficial effects on COPD due to their properties including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. In addition, considering asthma COPD overlap (ACO), medicinal herbs including Cordia myxa, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Cinnamomum verum, Viola odorata, Borago officinalis, Linum usitatissimum and Vitis viniferia L. were found to have useful effects on asthma. Conclusion Considering the mentioned beneficial mechanisms of action of these medicinal herbs, they could be used as a complementary therapy in COPD and asthma. However, more experimental and clinical research should be done to confirm their clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Baniamerian
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Tahermohammadi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Daneshfard
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Agin
- Loghman Hakim General Teaching Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadr
- Department of Pediatrics Pulmonary Diseases, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahpar Kaveh
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nezhat Shakeri
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ilkhani
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rasouli H, Nayeri FD, Khodarahmi R. May phytophenolics alleviate aflatoxins-induced health challenges? A holistic insight on current landscape and future prospects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:981984. [PMID: 36386916 PMCID: PMC9649842 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.981984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The future GCC-connected environmental risk factors expedited the progression of nCDs. Indeed, the emergence of AFs is becoming a global food security concern. AFs are lethal carcinogenic mycotoxins, causing damage to the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal organs. Long-term exposure to AFs leads to liver cancer. Almost a variety of food commodities, crops, spices, herbaceous materials, nuts, and processed foods can be contaminated with AFs. In this regard, the primary sections of this review aim to cover influencing factors in the occurrence of AFs, the role of AFs in progression of nCDs, links between GCC/nCDs and exposure to AFs, frequency of AFs-based academic investigations, and world distribution of AFs. Next, the current trends in the application of PPs to alleviate AFs toxicity are discussed. Nearly, more than 20,000 published records indexed in scientific databases have been screened to find recent trends on AFs and application of PPs in AFs therapy. Accordingly, shifts in world climate, improper infrastructures for production/storage of food commodities, inconsistency of global polices on AFs permissible concentration in food/feed, and lack of the public awareness are accounting for a considerable proportion of AFs damages. AFs exhibited their toxic effects by triggering the progression of inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress, in turn, leading to the onset of nCDs. PPs could decrease AFs-associated oxidative stress, genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects by improving cellular antioxidant balance, regulation of signaling pathways, alleviating inflammatory responses, and modification of gene expression profile in a dose/time-reliant fashion. The administration of PPs alone displayed lower biological properties compared to co-treatment of these metabolites with AFs. This issue might highlight the therapeutic application of PPs than their preventative content. Flavonoids such as quercetin and oxidized tea phenolics, curcumin and resveratrol were the most studied anti-AFs PPs. Our literature review clearly disclosed that considering PPs in antioxidant therapies to alleviate complications of AFs requires improvement in their bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, tissue clearance, and off-target mode of action. Due to the emergencies in the elimination of AFs in food/feedstuffs, further large-scale clinical assessment of PPs to decrease the consequences of AFs is highly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rasouli
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dehghan Nayeri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Neuroprotective Action of Coumarin Derivatives through Activation of TRKB-CREB-BDNF Pathway and Reduction of Caspase Activity in Neuronal Cells Expressing Pro-Aggregated Tau Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112734. [PMID: 36361524 PMCID: PMC9654711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of the microtubule binding protein tau is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease/tauopathies. Tau neurotoxicity provokes alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomycin receptor kinase B (TRKB)/cAMP-response-element binding protein (CREB) signaling to contribute to neurodegeneration. Compounds activating TRKB may therefore provide beneficial effects in tauopathies. LM-031, a coumarin derivative, has demonstrated the potential to improve BDNF signaling in neuronal cells expressing pro-aggregated ΔK280 tau mutant. In this study, we investigated if LM-031 analogous compounds provide neuroprotection effects through interaction with TRKB in SH-SY5Y cells expressing ΔK280 tauRD-DsRed folding reporter. All four LMDS compounds reduced tau aggregation and reactive oxygen species. Among them, LMDS-1 and -2 reduced caspase-1, caspase-6 and caspase-3 activities and promoted neurite outgrowth, and the effect was significantly reversed by knockdown of TRKB. Treatment of ERK inhibitor U0126 or PI3K inhibitor wortmannin decreased p-CREB, BDNF and BCL2 in these cells, implying that the neuroprotective effects of LMDS-1/2 are via activating TRKB downstream ERK, PI3K-AKT and CREB signaling. Furthermore, LMDS-1/2 demonstrated their ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan residues within the extracellular domain of TRKB, thereby consolidating their interaction with TRKB. Our results suggest that LMDS-1/2 exert neuroprotection through activating TRKB signaling, and shed light on their potential application in therapeutics of Alzheimer’s disease/tauopathies.
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Chiu YJ, Lin TH, Chang KH, Lin W, Hsieh-Li HM, Su MT, Chen CM, Sun YC, Lee-Chen GJ. Novel TRKB agonists activate TRKB and downstream ERK and AKT signaling to protect Aβ-GFP SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ toxicity. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7568-7586. [PMID: 36170028 PMCID: PMC9550238 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Decreased BDNF and impaired TRKB signaling contribute to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have shown previously that coumarin derivative LM-031 enhanced CREB/BDNF/BCL2 pathway. In this study we explored if LM-031 analogs LMDS-1 to -4 may act as TRKB agonists to protect SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ toxicity. By docking computation for binding with TRKB using 7,8-DHF as a control, all four LMDS compounds displayed potential of binding to domain d5 of TRKB. In addition, all four LMDS compounds exhibited anti-aggregation and neuroprotective efficacy on SH-SY5Y cells with induced Aβ-GFP expression. Knock-down of TRKB significantly attenuated TRKB downstream signaling and the neurite outgrowth-promoting effects of these LMDS compounds. Among them, LMDS-1 and -2 were further examined for TRKB signaling. Treatment of ERK inhibitor U0126 or PI3K inhibitor wortmannin decreased p-CREB, BDNF and BCL2 in Aβ-GFP cells, implicating the neuroprotective effects are via activating TRKB downstream ERK, PI3K-AKT and CREB signaling. LMDS-1 and -2 are blood–brain barrier permeable as shown by parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. Our results demonstrate how LMDS-1 and -2 are likely to work as TRKB agonists to exert neuroprotection in Aβ cells, which may shed light on the potential application in therapeutics of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jen Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsan Su
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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Hydroxy Pentacyclic Triterpene Acid, Kaempferol, Inhibits the Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine Type 3A Receptor Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010544. [PMID: 35008969 PMCID: PMC8745345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine serotonin is a major neurotransmitter that acts on a wide range of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system functions and is known to have a role in various processes. Recently, it has been found that 5-HT is involved in cognitive and memory functions through interaction with cholinergic pathways. The natural flavonoid kaempferol (KAE) extracted from Cudrania tricuspidata is a secondary metabolite of the plant. Recently studies have confirmed that KAE possesses a neuroprotective effect because of its strong antioxidant activity. It has been confirmed that KAE is involved in the serotonergic pathway through an in vivo test. However, these results need to be confirmed at the molecular level, because the exact mechanism that is involved in such effects of KAE has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this study is to confirm the interaction of KAE with 5-HT3A through electrophysiological studies at the molecular level using KAE extracted from Cudrania tricuspidata. This study confirmed the interaction between 5-HT3A and KAE at the molecular level. KAE inhibited 5-HT3A receptors in a concentration-dependent and voltage-independent manner. Site-directed mutagenesis and molecular-docking studies confirmed that the binding sites D177 and F199 are the major binding sites of human 5-HT3A receptors of KAE.
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Wound coverage by the linen dressing accelerates ulcer healing. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:827-841. [PMID: 34849131 PMCID: PMC8610069 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2021.110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic ulcers are the main cause of morbidity and mortality, and the incidence of chronic wounds is expected to increase given that people live longer and that there are civil diseases. Aim Much attention in the treatment of wounds concerns a dressing that involves wound cleansing, bacterial balance, exudate management and local tissue in a wound environment. These important elements of the evaluation led to the development of an interactive dressing based entirely on flax raw materials. Material and methods The complete dressing for wound coverage was prepared from plant (flax) row products: seedcakes, oil, fiber. The content of bioactive compounds (qualitatively and quantitatively) was tested using chromatographic techniques, and their biological activity during tests on fibroblast cell cultures (NHDF). As a final step the clinical trial were performed. Results The dressings, which help control the microenvironment, combining with exudate using hydrophilic fibre, controlling the flow of exudate from the wound to the dressing were generated. They stimulate the activity in the healing cascade and accelerate the healing process by combining lignocellulose fibre with higher amounts of phenolic compounds, sterols, cannabidiol and unsaturated fatty acids simultaneously with the 3-hydroxybutyrate polymer. All constituents of linen dressing are natural, originate from two types of the engineered flax plant. Pre-clinical data reveal a reasonable reduction in wound size in patients with chronic leg ulcers treated with a linen dressing. Conclusions For the first time, a successful application of the innovative interactive linen dressing in the treatment of chronic wounds was noted.
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Novel Synthetic Coumarin-Chalcone Derivative (E)-3-(3-(4-(Dimethylamino)Phenyl)Acryloyl)-4-Hydroxy-2 H-Chromen-2-One Activates CREB-Mediated Neuroprotection in A β and Tau Cell Models of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3058861. [PMID: 34812274 PMCID: PMC8605905 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3058861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal accumulations of misfolded Aβ and tau proteins are major components of the hallmark plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. These abnormal protein deposits cause neurodegeneration through a number of proposed mechanisms, including downregulation of the cAMP-response-element (CRE) binding protein 1 (CREB) signaling pathway. Using CRE-GFP reporter cells, we investigated the effects of three coumarin-chalcone derivatives synthesized in our lab on CREB-mediated gene expression. Aβ-GFP- and ΔK280 tauRD-DsRed-expressing SH-SY5Y cells were used to evaluate these agents for possible antiaggregative, antioxidative, and neuroprotective effects. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration was assessed by pharmacokinetic studies in mice. Of the three tested compounds, (E)-3-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)acryloyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (LM-021) was observed to increase CREB-mediated gene expression through protein kinase A (PKA), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in CRE-GFP reporter cells. LM-021 exhibited antiaggregative, antioxidative, and neuroprotective effects mediated by the upregulation of CREB phosphorylation and its downstream brain-derived neurotrophic factor and BCL2 apoptosis regulator genes in Aβ-GFP- and ΔK280 tauRD-DsRed-expressing SH-SY5Y cells. Blockage of the PKA, CaMKII, or ERK pathway counteracted the beneficial effects of LM-021. LM-021 also exhibited good BBB penetration ability, with brain to plasma ratio of 5.3%, in in vivo pharmacokinetic assessment. Our results indicate that LM-021 works as a CREB enhancer to reduce Aβ and tau aggregation and provide neuroprotection. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of LM-021 in treating AD.
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Behl T, Kaur G, Sehgal A, Zengin G, Singh S, Ahmadi A, Bungau S. Flavonoids, the Family of Plant-derived Antioxidants making inroads into Novel Therapeutic Design against IR-induced Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:324-343. [PMID: 34030619 PMCID: PMC9413797 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210524152817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ionizing radiation from telluric sources is unceasingly an unprotected pitfall to humans. Thus, the foremost contributors to human exposure are global and medical radiations. Various evidences assembled during preceding years reveal the pertinent role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in the progression of neurodegenerative insults, such as Parkinson’s disease, which have been contributing to increased proliferation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Objective: This review delineates the role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease and proposes novel therapeutic interventions of flavonoid family, offering effective management and slowing down the progression of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Published papers were searched in MEDLINE, PubMed, etc., published to date for in-depth database collection. Results: The oxidative damage may harm the non-targeted cells. It can also modulate the functions of the central nervous system, such as protein misfolding, mitochondria dysfunction, increased levels of oxidized lipids, and dopaminergic cell death, which accelerate the progression of Parkinson’s disease at the molecular, cellular, or tissue levels. In Parkinson’s disease, reactive oxygen species exacerbate the production of nitric oxides and superoxides by activated microglia, rendering death of dopaminergic neuronal cell through different mechanisms. Conclusion: Rising interest has extensively engrossed in the clinical trial designs based on the plant-derived family of antioxidants. They are known to exert multifarious impact on neuroprotection via directly suppressing ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production or indirectly increasing the dopamine levels and activating the glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari. Iran
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea. Romania
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Ali E, Saand MA, Khan AR, Shah JM, Feng S, Ming C, Sun P. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of detoxification efflux carriers (DTX) genes family under abiotic stresses in flax. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:483-501. [PMID: 32270877 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The detoxification efflux carriers (DTX)/multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters encompass an ancient gene family of secondary transporters involved in the process of plant detoxification. A genome-wide analysis of these transporters was carried out in order to better understand the transport of secondary metabolites in flaxseed genome (Linum usitassimum). A total of 73 genes coding for DTX/MATE transporters were identified. Gene structure, protein domain and motif organization were found to be notably conserved over the distinct phylogenetic groups, showing the evolutionary significant role of each class. Gene ontology (GO) annotation revealed a link to transporter activities, response to stimulus and localizations. The presence of various hormone and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements in promoter regions could be directly correlated with the alteration of their transcripts. Tertiary structure showed conservation for pore size and constrains in the pore, which indicate their involvement in the exclusion of toxic substances from the cell. MicroRNA target analysis revealed that LuDTXs genes were targeted by different classes of miRNA families. Twelve LuDTX genes were chosen for further quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in response to cold, salinity and cadmium stress at 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Altogether, the identified members of the DTX gene family, their expression profile, phylogenetic and miRNAs analysis might provide opportunities for future functional validation of this important gene family in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Mumtaz Ali Saand
- Department of Botany, Shah Abdul Latif University, Sindh, 66020, Pakistan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339, China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Simin Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Cai Ming
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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Were our Ancestors Right in Using Flax Dressings? Research on the Properties of Flax Fibre and Its Usefulness in Wound Healing. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1682317. [PMID: 33299521 PMCID: PMC7707976 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1682317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the wide range of medical dressings available commercially, there is still a search for better biomaterials for use in the treatment of especially difficult-to-heal wounds. For several years, attention has been paid to the use of substances, compounds, and even whole plants in medicine. Flax is a plant that has been used as a dressing for thousands of years. Therefore, we decided to test flax fibres that had previously been genetically modified as a potential wound dressing. Materials and Methods In this study, two modified flax fibres and their combinations were tested on cell lines (mice fibroblast, normal human dermal fibroblast, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, human dermal microvascular endothelial cell, epidermal carcinoma cancer cells, monocyte cells). In the tests, fibres of the traditional flax (Nike) were used as a control. Several experiments were performed to assess cell proliferation and viability, the number of apoptotic cells, the cell cycle, genotoxicity, the level of free oxygen radicals, and determination of the number of cells after 48 hours of incubation of cell cultures with the tested flax fibres. Results The obtained results confirm the positive influence of flax on the used cell lines. Both traditional fibres (Nike) and genetically modified fibres increased the proliferation of fibroblast cells and keratinocytes, reduced the level of free oxygen radicals, and influenced the repair of DNA damage. At the same time, the tested flax fibres did not have a proproliferative effect on the neoplastic cell line. Interestingly, genetic modifications had a stronger impact on the proliferative activity of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and microvascular endothelium compared to the traditional flax fibre used. Conclusions In this study, the positive properties of the tested flax fibres on cell lines were proved. In the next stage, it is worth carrying out in vivo tests of tested genetically modified flax fibres.
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Chiu YJ, Lin SA, Chen WL, Lin TH, Lin CH, Yao CF, Lin W, Wu YR, Chang KH, Lee-Chen GJ, Chen CM. Pathomechanism characterization and potential therapeutics identification for SCA3 targeting neuroinflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23619-23646. [PMID: 33196459 PMCID: PMC7762503 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ)-mediated spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are caused by mutant genes with expanded CAG repeats encoding polyQ tracts. The misfolding and aggregation of polyQ proteins result in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular toxicity. Inflammation is a common manifestation of oxidative stress and inflammatory process further reduces cellular antioxidant capacity. Increase of activated microglia in the pons of SCA type 3 (SCA3) patients suggests the involvement of neuroinflammation in the disease pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory potentials of indole compound NC009-1, 4-aminophenol-arachidonic acid derivative AM404, quinoline compound VB-037 and chalcone-coumarin derivative LM-031 using human HMC3 microglia and SCA3 ATXN3/Q75-GFP SH-SY5Y cells. The four tested compounds displayed anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing NO, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 production and CD68 expression of IFN-γ-activated HMC3 microglia. In retinoic acid-differentiated ATXN3/Q75-GFP SH-SY5Y cells inflamed with IFN-γ-primed HMC3 conditioned medium, treatment with the tested compounds mitigated the increased caspase 1 activity and lactate dehydrogenase release, reduced polyQ aggregation and ROS and/or promoted neurite outgrowth. Examination of IL-1β- and TNF-α-mediated signaling pathways revealed that the tested compounds decreased IκBα/P65, JNK/JUN and/or P38/STAT1 signaling. The study results suggest the potential of NC009-1, AM404, VB-037 and LM-031 in treating SCA3 and probable other polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jen Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Shu-An Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Ali E, Raza MA, Cai M, Hussain N, Shahzad AN, Hussain M, Ali M, Bukhari SAH, Sun P. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) genes family: Genome-wide survey and phylogenetic analysis in flax (Linum usitatissimum). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236454. [PMID: 32702710 PMCID: PMC7377914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is a member of family linaceae with annual growth habit. It is included among those crops which were domesticated very early and has been used in development related studies as a model plant. In plants, Calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) comprise a unique set of Calmodulin-binding proteins. To elucidate the transport mechanism of secondary metabolites in flax, a genome-based study on these transporters was performed. The current investigation identified nine CAMTAs proteins, classified into three categories during phylogenetic analysis. Each group had significant evolutionary role as illustrated by the conservation of gene structures, protein domains and motif organizations over the distinctive phylogenetic classes. GO annotation suggested a link to sequence-specific DNA and protein binding, response to low temperature and transcription regulation by RNA polymerase II. The existence of different hormonal and stress responsive cis-regulatory elements in promotor region may directly correlate with the variation of their transcripts. MicroRNA target analysis revealed that various groups of miRNA families targeted the LuCAMTAs genes. Identification of CAMTA genes, miRNA studies and phylogenetic analysis may open avenues to uncover the underlying functional mechanism of this important family of genes in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mohammad Ammar Raza
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nazim Hussain
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Mubshar Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Ali
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | | | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Zhang C, Yao X, Ren H, Wang K, Chang J. Isolation and Characterization of Three Chalcone Synthase Genes in Pecan ( Carya illinoinensis). Biomolecules 2019; 9:E236. [PMID: 31216753 PMCID: PMC6627513 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolics are a group of important plant secondary metabolites that have been proven to possess remarkable antioxidant activity and to be beneficial for human health. Pecan nuts are an excellent source of dietary phenolics. In recent years, many studies have focused on the separation and biochemical analysis of pecan phenolics, but the molecular mechanisms of phenolic metabolism in pecans have not been fully elucidated, which significantly hinders quality breeding research for this plant. Chalcone synthase (CHS) plays crucial roles in phenolic biosynthesis. In this study, three Carya illinoinensisCHSs (CiCHS1, CiCHS2, and CiCHS3), were isolated and analyzed. CiCHS2 and CiCHS3 present high expression levels in different tissues, and they are also highly expressed at the initial developmental stages of kernels in three pecan genotypes. A correlation analysis was performed between the phenolic content and CHSs expression values during kernel development. The results indicated that the expression variations of CiCHS2 and CiCHS3 are significantly related to changes in total phenolic content. Therefore, CiCHSs play crucial roles in phenolic components synthesis in pecan. We believe that the isolation of CiCHSs is helpful for understanding phenolic metabolism in C. illinoinensis, which will improve quality breeding and resistance breeding studies in this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Zhang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Huadong Ren
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Kailiang Wang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jun Chang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Garros L, Drouet S, Corbin C, Decourtil C, Fidel T, Lebas de Lacour J, Leclerc EA, Renouard S, Tungmunnithum D, Doussot J, Abassi BH, Maunit B, Lainé É, Fliniaux O, Mesnard F, Hano C. Insight into the Influence of Cultivar Type, Cultivation Year, and Site on the Lignans and Related Phenolic Profiles, and the Health-Promoting Antioxidant Potential of Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) Seeds. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102636. [PMID: 30322184 PMCID: PMC6222607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseeds are a functional food representing, by far, the richest natural grain source of lignans, and accumulate substantial amounts of other health beneficial phenolic compounds (i.e., flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids). This specific accumulation pattern is related to their numerous beneficial effects on human health. However, to date, little data is available concerning the relative impact of genetic and geographic parameters on the phytochemical yield and composition. Here, the major influence of the cultivar over geographic parameters on the flaxseed phytochemical accumulation yield and composition is evidenced. The importance of genetic parameters on the lignan accumulation was further confirmed by gene expression analysis monitored by RT-qPCR. The corresponding antioxidant activity of these flaxseed extracts was evaluated, both in vitro, using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and iron chelating assays, as well as in vivo, by monitoring the impact of UV-induced oxidative stress on the lipid membrane peroxidation of yeast cells. Our results, both the in vitro and in vivo studies, confirm that flaxseed extracts are an effective protector against oxidative stress. The results point out that secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, caffeic acid glucoside, and p-coumaric acid glucoside are the main contributors to the antioxidant capacity. Considering the health benefits of these compounds, the present study demonstrates that the flaxseed cultivar type could greatly influence the phytochemical intakes and, therefore, the associated biological activities. We recommend that this crucial parameter be considered in epidemiological studies dealing with flaxseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Garros
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA) UMR7311, Université d'Orléans-CNRS, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Cyrielle Corbin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Cédric Decourtil
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Thibaud Fidel
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Julie Lebas de Lacour
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Emilie A Leclerc
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Sullivan Renouard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Joël Doussot
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
- Le CNAM, Ecole Sciences Industrielles et Technologies de l'Information (SITI), Chimie Alimentation Santé Environnement Risque (CASER), 75141 Paris Cedex 3, France.
| | - Bilal Haider Abassi
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Benoit Maunit
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA) UMR7311, Université d'Orléans-CNRS, 45067 Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Éric Lainé
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
| | - Ophélie Fliniaux
- Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI) EA 3900, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France.
| | - François Mesnard
- Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI) EA 3900, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France.
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) EA1207 INRA USC1328, Plant LIGNANS Team, Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France.
- COSM'ACTIFS, Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS GDR3711, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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Lee SY, Chiu YJ, Yang SM, Chen CM, Huang CC, Lee-Chen GJ, Lin W, Chang KH. Novel synthetic chalcone-coumarin hybrid for Aβ aggregation reduction, antioxidation, and neuroprotection. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1286-1298. [PMID: 30596401 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggregation of misfolded amyloid β (Aβ) in senile plaques causes oxidative stress and neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Compounds possessing antiaggregation and antioxidant properties are promising candidate compounds for AD treatment. METHODS We examined the potential of synthetic derivatives of licochalcone A and coumarin for inhibiting Aβ aggregation, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and providing neuroprotection by using biochemical assays and Tet-On Aβ-GFP 293/SH-SY5Y cell models for AD. RESULTS Among test compounds, LM-031, a novel chalcone-coumarin hybrid, inhibited Aβ aggregation and scavenged free oxygen radicals. LM-031 markedly reduced Aβ misfolding and ROS as well as promoted neurite outgrowth and inhibited acetylcholinesterase in Tet-On Aβ-GFP 293/SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistic studies showed upregulation of the HSPB1 chaperone, NRF2/NQO1/GCLC pathway, and CREB/BDNF/BCL2 pathway. Decreased neurite outgrowth upon the induction of Aβ-GFP was rescued by LM-031, which was counteracted by knockdown of HSPB1, NRF2, or CREB. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings demonstrate that LM-031 exhibited antiaggregation, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects against Aβ toxicity by enhancing HSPB1 and the NRF2-related antioxidant pathway as well as by activating the CREB-dependent survival and antiapoptosis pathway. These results imply that LM-031 may be a new therapeutic compound for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ying Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Ding Y, Xin C, Zhang CW, Lim KL, Zhang H, Fu Z, Li L, Huang W. Natural Molecules From Chinese Herbs Protecting Against Parkinson's Disease via Anti-oxidative Stress. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:246. [PMID: 30233351 PMCID: PMC6127641 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, affecting about 7–10 million patients worldwide. The major pathological features of PD include loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the midbrain and the presence of α-synuclein-enriched Lewy bodies. Although the mechanism underlying PD pathogenesis remains to be elucidated, oxidative stress induced by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is widely accepted to be a key pathogenic factors. ROS cause oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA, which subsequently lead to neurodegeneration. Great efforts have been made to slow or stop the progress of PD. Unfortunately there is no effective cure for PD till now. Compounds with good antioxidant activity represent the promising candidates for therapeutics of PD. Some natural molecules from Chinese herbs are found to have good antioxidant activity. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that these natural molecules could mitigate the oxidative stress and rescue the neuronal cell death in PD models. In present review, we summarized the reported natural molecules that displayed protective effects in PD. We also addressed the possible signal pathway through which natural molecules achieved their antioxidative effects and mitigate PD phenotypes. Hopefully it will pave the way to better recognize and utilize Chinese herbs for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics - Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenqi Xin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics - Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Wu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics - Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics - Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - ZhenQian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics - Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics - Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics - Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Oliveira JPS, Koblitz MGB, Ferreira MSL, Cameron LC, Macedo AF. Comparative metabolomic responses to gibberellic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine in Cunila menthoides Benth. (Lamiaceae): a contribution to understand the metabolic pathways. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1173-1185. [PMID: 29796946 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid elicited synthesis of many phenols from different classes and enhanced production of sesquiterpenoids, polyterpenoids, steroids and monoterpenoids compared to control and 6-benzylaminopurine. Little is known about the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on the synthesis of secondary metabolites in species of Lamiaceae. In this study, for the first time, the profile of secondary metabolites in plantlets of Cunila menthoides was characterized, using UPLC-ESI-Qq-oaTOF-MS. Ninety metabolites were identified, including polyphenols and terpenes. BA down-regulated most of the identified molecules in relation to GA3 and MS0 (control). The results showed that GA3 elicited synthesis of many phenols from different classes, and seemed to play a major role in the shikimate pathway in relation to BA. GA3 enhanced production of sesquiterpenoids, polyterpenoids, steroids and monoterpenoids compared to MS0 and BA, and also seemed to positively influence the MEP/DOXP and MVA pathways. These data show the most comprehensive metabolomic profile of Cunila menthoides to date, and the effects of BA and GA3 on the synthesis of secondary metabolites, modulating quantitative aspects of metabolism in Lamiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P S Oliveira
- Integrated Laboratory of Plant Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-240, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Center of Innovation of Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela B Koblitz
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Center of Innovation of Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Nutritional Biochemistry Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil
| | - Mariana S L Ferreira
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Center of Innovation of Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Nutritional Biochemistry Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil
| | - L C Cameron
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Center of Innovation of Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Sportomics, Olympic Laboratory, Brazil Olympic Committee, Av. das Américas 899, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, 22631-000, Brazil
| | - Andrea F Macedo
- Integrated Laboratory of Plant Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-240, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Center of Innovation of Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO. Av. Pasteur, 296, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-250, Brazil.
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Hussain G, Zhang L, Rasul A, Anwar H, Sohail MU, Razzaq A, Aziz N, Shabbir A, Ali M, Sun T. Role of Plant-Derived Flavonoids and Their Mechanism in Attenuation of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: An Update of Recent Data. Molecules 2018; 23:E814. [PMID: 29614843 PMCID: PMC6017497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a progressive loss of neuronal cells in certain regions of the brain. Most of the neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) share the communal characteristic such as damage or reduction of various cell types typically including astrocytes and microglial activity. Several compounds are being trialed to treat NDDs but they possess solitary symptomatic advantages along with copious side effects. The finding of more enthralling and captivating compounds to suspend and standstill the pathology of NDDs will be considered as a hallmark of present times. Phytochemicals possess the potential to alternate the synthetic line of therapy against NDDs. The present review explores the potential efficacy of plant-derived flavonoids against most common NDDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Flavonoids are biologically active phytochemicals which possess potential pharmacological effects, including antiviral, anti-allergic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects and are able to attenuate the pathology of various NDDs through down-regulating the nitric oxide (NO) production, by reducing the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), by reducing the excitotoxicity of superoxide as well as acting as tyrosine kinase (TK) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibiting enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Longbin Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Umar Sohail
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Asghar Shabbir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Profiling of the Major Phenolic Compounds and Their Biosynthesis Genes in Sophora flavescens Aiton. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018:6218430. [PMID: 29686587 PMCID: PMC5852875 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6218430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophorae Radix (Sophora flavescens Aiton) has long been used in traditional medicine in East Asia due to the various biological activities of its secondary metabolites. Endogenous contents of phenolic compounds (phenolic acid, flavonol, and isoflavone) and the main bioactive compounds of Sophorae Radix were analyzed based on the qualitative HPLC analysis and evaluated in different organs and at different developmental stages. In total, 11 compounds were detected, and the composition of the roots and aerial parts (leaves, stems, and flowers) was significantly different. trans-Cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid were observed only in the aerial parts. Large amounts of rutin and maackiain were detected in the roots. Four phenolic acid compounds (benzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid) and four flavonol compounds (kaempferol, catechin hydrate, epicatechin, and rutin) were higher in aerial parts than in roots. To identify putative genes involved in phenolic compounds biosynthesis, a total of 41 transcripts were investigated. Expression patterns of these selected genes, as well as the multiple isoforms for the genes, varied by organ and developmental stage, implying that they are involved in the biosynthesis of various phenolic compounds both spatially and temporally.
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25
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Matusiewicz M, Kosieradzka I, Nowak Z, Zuk M, Szopa J. Polyphenol content in cold-pressed cakes of conventional and genetically modified flax as factor affecting stability of the product in different laboratory storage conditions. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/69335/2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Varghese MV, Abhilash M, Alex M, Paul MVS, Prathapan A, Raghu KG, Nair RH. Attenuation of arsenic trioxide induced cardiotoxicity through flaxseed oil in experimental rats. Redox Rep 2017; 22:346-352. [PMID: 28209094 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1289313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a potent drug for acute promyelocytic leukaemia, but its clinical trials are allied with some serious adverse events mainly cardiac functional abnormalities. So the objective of our investigation is to identify the cardioprotective action of flaxseed oil (FSO), a natural compound against As2O3 induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS Male wistar rats were treated with As2O3 (4 mg/kg) to induce cardiotoxicity. FSO (250 and 500 mg/kg) was given in combination with As2O3 for evaluating its cardioprotective efficacy. RESULTS Treatment with As2O3 resulted in deposition of arsenic in heart tissue, increased cardiac marker enzymes release, lipid peroxidation (LPO), oxidative insults and pathological damages in the heart. Co-treatment with FSO (500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the arsenic accumulation, cardiac marker enzymes, LPO and cardiac structural alterations. FSO treatment significantly improved cardiac glutathione content, antioxidant enzymes and reduced the pathological damages in cardiac tissue. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the major fatty acid content in the FSO is alpha-linolenic acid, which has a strong milieu in cardiac health. CONCLUSION The results of the current investigation suggested that FSO is an effective agent in reducing arsenic-induced cardiac toxicity and can be used as an adjunct/dietary supplement for the cancer patients on As2O3 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Abhilash
- a School of Biosciences , Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam , India
| | - Manju Alex
- a School of Biosciences , Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam , India
| | - M V Sauganth Paul
- a School of Biosciences , Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam , India
| | - A Prathapan
- b Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division , CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) , Trivandrum , India
| | - K G Raghu
- b Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division , CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) , Trivandrum , India
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Króliczewska B, Miśta D, Króliczewski J, Zawadzki W, Kubaszewski R, Wincewicz E, Żuk M, Szopa J. A new genotype of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) with decreased susceptibility to fat oxidation: consequences to hematological and biochemical profiles of blood indices. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:165-171. [PMID: 26956460 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flaxseed is an alternative to marine products that provide the traditional dietary sources of ω-fatty acids. A new genotype of flax, W92, is rich in natural antioxidants as well as having a reduced content of α-linolenic acid and therefore shows decreased susceptibility to fat oxidation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a diet supplemented with W92 flaxseed on hematological and biochemical blood indices. RESULTS A positive impact of diet with the addition of flaxseed was observed on erythrocyte indices, including red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values. There were no significant differences for white blood cell (WBC), total protein and glucose values. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase estimations in serum were also carried out and no obvious toxicity to the liver was shown. Moreover, a lipid profile was performed in serum samples and a decrease in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), accompanied by an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), was observed in rabbits fed flaxseed diets. CONCLUSION Based on the results obtained, it appeared that the inclusion of a new genetically modified type of flaxseed in the diet altered cholesterol metabolism and could reduce the possibility of cardiovascular diseases. Diet enrichment with W92 flaxseed may be a solution to the health issues that are a result of improper diet in humans and animals. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Króliczewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, PL-50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Miśta
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, PL-50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Króliczewski
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, PL-50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zawadzki
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, PL-50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Kubaszewski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, PL-50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Wincewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, PL-50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, PL-51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, PL-51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
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Czemplik M, Mierziak J, Szopa J, Kulma A. Flavonoid C-glucosides Derived from Flax Straw Extracts Reduce Human Breast Cancer Cell Growth In vitro and Induce Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:282. [PMID: 27630565 PMCID: PMC5006111 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax straw of flax varieties that are grown for oil production is a by product which represents a considerable biomass source. Therefore, its potential application for human use is of high interest. Our research has revealed that flax straw is rich in flavonoid C-glucosides, including vitexin, orientin, and isoorientin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and possible proapoptotic effect of flax straw derived C-glucosides of flavonoids in the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7). The effects of flax straw derived flavonoid C-glucosides on cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells were evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulforhodamine B assays. The expression of apoptosis-related genes was assessed by real-time PCR. Our data revealed that flax C-glucosides as well as pure compounds are cytotoxic toward MCF-7 cells and inhibit their proliferation. Moreover, the induction of apoptosis was correlated with the changes in the mRNA level of pro-apoptotic genes. Increased expression of bax and caspase-7, -8, and -9 and decreased mRNA expression of bcl-2 was observed, whereas the mRNA levels of p53 and mdm2 were not altered. These results clearly demonstrated that flax straw metabolites effectively induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czemplik
- Department of Physico-Chemistry of Microorganisms, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław Poland
| | | | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, WrocławPoland; Linum Foundation, WrocławPoland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, WrocławPoland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław Poland
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Boba A, Kostyn K, Kostyn A, Wojtasik W, Dziadas M, Preisner M, Szopa J, Kulma A. Methyl Salicylate Level Increase in Flax after Fusarium oxysporum Infection Is Associated with Phenylpropanoid Pathway Activation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1951. [PMID: 28163709 PMCID: PMC5247452 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is a crop plant valued for its oil and fiber. Unfortunately, large losses in cultivation of this plant are caused by fungal infections, with Fusarium oxysporum being one of its most dangerous pathogens. Among the plant's defense strategies, changes in the expression of genes of the shikimate/phenylpropanoid/benzoate pathway and thus in phenolic contents occur. Among the benzoates, salicylic acid, and its methylated form methyl salicylate play an important role in regulating plants' response to stress conditions. Upon treatment of flax plants with the fungus we found that methyl salicylate content increased (4.8-fold of the control) and the expression profiles of the analyzed genes suggest that it is produced most likely from cinnamic acid, through the β-oxidative route. At the same time activation of some genes involved in lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis was observed. We suggest that increased methyl salicylate biosynthesis during flax response to F. oxysporum infection may be associated with phenylpropanoid pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Boba
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Kostyn
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
- *Correspondence: Kamil Kostyn
| | - Anna Kostyn
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of WroclawWroclaw, Poland
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant SciencesWroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Dziadas
- Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Medical University of WroclawWroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Preisner
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant SciencesWroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
- Anna Kulma
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Flax Fiber Hydrophobic Extract Inhibits Human Skin Cells Inflammation and Causes Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix and Wound Closure Activation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:862391. [PMID: 26347154 PMCID: PMC4539444 DOI: 10.1155/2015/862391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the basis of many diseases, with chronic wounds amongst them, limiting cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. Our previous preclinical study of flax fiber applied as a wound dressing and analysis of its components impact on the fibroblast transcriptome suggested flax fiber hydrophobic extract use as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing preparation. The extract contains cannabidiol (CBD), phytosterols, and unsaturated fatty acids, showing great promise in wound healing. In in vitro proliferation and wound closure tests the extract activated cell migration and proliferation. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases in skin cells was increased, suggesting activation of extracellular components remodeling. The expression of cytokines was diminished by the extract in a cannabidiol-dependent manner, but β-sitosterol can act synergistically with CBD in inflammation inhibition. Extracellular matrix related genes were also analyzed, considering their importance in further stages of wound healing. The extract activated skin cell matrix remodeling, but the changes were only partially cannabidiol- and β-sitosterol-dependent. The possible role of fatty acids also present in the extract is suggested. The study shows the hydrophobic flax fiber components as wound healing activators, with anti-inflammatory cannabidiol acting in synergy with sterols, and migration and proliferation promoting agents, some of which still require experimental identification.
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Hasiewicz-Derkacz K, Kulma A, Czuj T, Prescha A, Żuk M, Grajzer M, Łukaszewicz M, Szopa J. Natural phenolics greatly increase flax (Linum usitatissimum) oil stability. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:62. [PMID: 26123633 PMCID: PMC4485345 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flaxseed oil is characterized by high content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) promoted as a human dietary supplement protecting against atherosclerosis. The disadvantage of the high PUFA content in flax oil is high susceptibility to oxidation, which can result in carcinogenic compound formation. Linola flax cultivar is characterized by high linoleic acid content in comparison to traditional flax cultivars rich in linolenic acid. The changes in fatty acid proportions increase oxidative stability of Linola oil and broaden its use as an edible oil for cooking. However one of investigated transgenic lines has high ALA content making it suitable as omega-3 source. Protection of PUFA oxidation is a critical factor in oil quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of phenylpropanoid contents on the oil properties important during the whole technological process from seed storage to grinding and oil pressing, which may influence health benefits as well as shelf-life, and to establish guidelines for the selection of new cultivars. METHODS The composition of oils was determined by chromatographic (GS-FID and LC-PDA-MS) methods. Antioxidant properties of secondary metabolites were analyzed by DPPH method. The stability of oils was investigated: a) during regular storage by measuring acid value peroxide value p-anisidine value malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes and trienes; b) by using accelerated rancidity tests by TBARS reaction; c) by thermoanalytical - differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). RESULTS In one approach, in order to increase oil stability, exogenous substances added are mainly lipid soluble antioxidants from the isoprenoid pathway, such as tocopherol and carotene. The other approach is based on transgenic plant generation that accumulates water soluble compounds. Increased accumulation of phenolic compounds in flax seeds was achieved by three different strategies that modify genes coding for enzymes from the phenylpropanoid pathway. The three types of transgenic flax had different phenylpropanoid profiles detected in oil, highly increasing its stability. CONCLUSIONS We found that hydrophilic phenylpropanoids more than lipophilic isoprenoid compounds determine oil stability however they can work synergistically. Among phenolics the caffeic acid was most effective in increasing oil stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Linum Foundation, Plac Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Czuj
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, The Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Prescha
- Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Żuk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Linum Foundation, Plac Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Grajzer
- Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Linum Foundation, Plac Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, The Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland.
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Matusiewicz M, Kosieradzka I, Zuk M, Szopa J. Effect of Dose and Administration Period of Seed Cake of Genetically Modified and Non-Modified Flax on Selected Antioxidative Activities in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:14259-75. [PMID: 26110393 PMCID: PMC4490551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160614259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed cake containing antioxidants is a valuable dietary component. Its nutritional effect may be diminished by the presence of anti-nutrients. The work was aimed at determining the effect of different contents of flaxseed cake in diets and their administration period on the development of rats and selected parameters of their health status. Diets with 15% and 30% addition of genetically modified (GM) flax seed cake with enhanced synthesis of polyphenols, as well as Linola non-GM flax were administered in short-term (33 days) and long-term (90 days) experiments. The 30% addition of flaxseed cake reduced digestibility of dietary nutrients, GM flaxseed cake lowered body weight gains. The relative weight of selected organs, hematological blood markers and serum activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST, ALT) were not affected. Flaxseed cake consumption reduced serum concentration of albumins and increased globulins. Administration of 30% flaxseed cake improved plasma total antioxidant status and 30% GM flaxseed cake lowered liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The activities of superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes, glutathione peroxidase in plasma and the liver concentration of 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine were not changed. Most morphometric parameters of the small intestine did not differ between feeding groups. The administration of diets with 30% addition of flaxseed cake for 90 days improved the antioxidant status in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Matusiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Iwona Kosieradzka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jan Szopa
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
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Matusiewicz M, Kosieradzka I, Sobczak-Filipiak M, Zuk M, Szopa J. Transgenic flax overexpressing polyphenols as a potential anti-inflammatory dietary agent. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Resmi MS, Vivek PJ, Soniya EV. Over-expression of bael quinolone synthase in tobacco improves plant vigor under favorable conditions, drought, or salt stress. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:332-41. [PMID: 25555382 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) catalyze the biosynthesis of various medicinally important secondary metabolites in plants, but their role in growth and stress response is unclear. Here, we overexpressed quinolone synthase (QNS) from bael in tobacco. QNS-overexpressing plants showed an overall increase in growth, photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content compared to wild type plants. Second-generation (T2) transgenic plants grew to maturity, flowered early and set viable seeds under favorable conditions without yield penalty. An increased accumulation of flavonoids, phenols and alkaloids was associated with higher tolerance to drought and salinity stress in transgenic plants. Thus, bael QNS seems to function as a positive regulator of plant growth and stress response, and could be potentially used for engineering plants tolerant to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohankumar Saraladevi Resmi
- Plant Molecular Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud (P.O.), Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
| | - Padmanabhan Jayanthi Vivek
- Plant Molecular Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud (P.O.), Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
| | - Eppurathu Vasudevan Soniya
- Plant Molecular Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud (P.O.), Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
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Matusiewicz M, Kosieradzka I, Zuk M, Szopa J. Genetically modified flax expressing NAP-SsGT1 transgene: examination of anti-inflammatory action. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16741-59. [PMID: 25247574 PMCID: PMC4200857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work was to define the influence of dietary supplementation with GM (genetically modified) GT#4 flaxseed cake enriched in polyphenols on inflammation development in mice liver. Mice were given ad libitum isoprotein diets: (1) standard diet; (2) high-fat diet rich in lard, high-fat diet enriched with 30% of (3) isogenic flax Linola seed cake; and (4) GM GT#4 flaxseed cake; for 96 days. Administration of transgenic and isogenic seed cake lowered body weight gain, of transgenic to the standard diet level. Serum total antioxidant status was statistically significantly improved in GT#4 flaxseed cake group and did not differ from Linola. Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid profile and the liver concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α were ameliorated by GM and isogenic flaxseed cake consumption. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ did not differ between mice obtaining GM GT#4 and non-GM flaxseed cakes. The C-reactive protein concentration was reduced in animals fed GT#4 flaxseed cake and did not differ from those fed non-GM flaxseed cake-based diet. Similarly, the liver structure of mice consuming diets enriched in flaxseed cake was improved. Dietetic enrichment with GM GT#4 and non-GM flaxseed cakes may be a promising solution for health problems resulting from improper diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Matusiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Iwona Kosieradzka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jan Szopa
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
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Zuk M, Dorotkiewicz-Jach A, Drulis-Kawa Z, Arendt M, Kulma A, Szopa J. Bactericidal activities of GM flax seedcake extract on pathogenic bacteria clinical strains. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:70. [PMID: 25073883 PMCID: PMC4134466 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms is a worldwide problem. Each year several million people across the world acquire infections with bacteria that are antibiotic-resistant, which is costly in terms of human health. New antibiotics are extremely needed to overcome the current resistance problem. RESULTS Transgenic flax plants overproducing compounds from phenylpropanoid pathway accumulate phenolic derivatives of potential antioxidative, and thus, antimicrobial activity. Alkali hydrolyzed seedcake extract containing coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and lignan in high quantities was used as an assayed against pathogenic bacteria (commonly used model organisms and clinical strains). It was shown that the extract components had antibacterial activity, which might be useful as a prophylactic against bacterial infection. Bacteria topoisomerase II (gyrase) inhibition and genomic DNA disintegration are suggested to be the main reason for rendering antibacterial action. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained strongly suggest that the seedcake extract preparation is a suitable candidate for antimicrobial action with a broad spectrum and partial selectivity. Such preparation can be applied in cases where there is a risk of multibacterial infection and excellent answer on global increase in multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zuk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
- Linum Fundation, Stabłowicka 147/149, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Dorotkiewicz-Jach
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Arendt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
- Linum Fundation, Stabłowicka 147/149, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
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Chen CM, Weng YT, Chen WL, Lin TH, Chao CY, Lin CH, Chen IC, Lee LC, Lin HY, Wu YR, Chen YC, Chang KH, Tang HY, Cheng ML, Lee-Chen GJ, Lin JY. Aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza inflata inhibits aggregation by upregulating PPARGC1A and NFE2L2-ARE pathways in cell models of spinocerebellar ataxia 3. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:339-350. [PMID: 24675225 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 17 and dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy, as well as Huntington disease, are a group of neurodegenerative disorders caused by a CAG triplet-repeat expansion encoding a long polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the respective mutant proteins. The cytoplasmic and nuclear aggregate formation, a pathological hallmark of polyQ diseases, is probably the initial process triggering the subsequent pathological events. Compromised oxidative stress defense capacity and mitochondrial dysfunction have emerged as contributing factors to the pathogenesis of polyQ diseases. The roots of licorice (Glycyrrhiza species) have long been used as an herbal medicine. In this study, we demonstrate the aggregate-inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhiza inflata herb extract and its constituents licochalcone A and ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AMGZ) in both 293 and SH-SY5Y ATXN3/Q75 cells, SCA3 cell models. The reporter assay showed that G. inflata herb extract, licochalcone A, and AMGZ could enhance the promoter activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, coactivator 1α (PPARGC1A), a known regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidative response genes. G. inflata extract, licochalcone A, and AMGZ upregulated PPARGC1A expression and its downstream target genes, SOD2 and CYCS, in the 293 ATXN3/Q75 cell model. The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2), the principal transcription factor that binds to antioxidant-responsive elements (AREs) to promote ARE-dependent gene expression when the cells respond to oxidative stress, and its downstream genes, HMOX1, NQO1, GCLC, and GSTP1, was also increased by G. inflata herb extract, licochalcone A, and AMGZ. Knockdown of PPARGC1A increased aggregates in ATXN3/Q75 cells and also attenuated the aggregate-inhibiting effect of the tested compounds. G. inflata extract and its constituents significantly elevated GSH/GSSG ratio and reduced reactive oxidative species in ATXN3/Q75 cells. The study results suggest that the tested agents activate PPARGC1A activity and NFE2L2-ARE signaling to increase mitochondrial biogenesis, decrease oxidative stress, and reduce aggregate formation in SCA3 cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Weng
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chao
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11051, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Yaw Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11051, Taiwan.
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Aqueous extract of Gardenia jasminoides targeting oxidative stress to reduce polyQ aggregation in cell models of spinocerebellar ataxia 3. Neuropharmacology 2014; 81:166-75. [PMID: 24486383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), caused by expanded CAG repeats encoding a long polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the respective proteins, are characterized by the accumulation of intranuclear and cytoplasmic misfolded polyQ aggregation that leads to cell death. Suppression of aggregate formation can inhibit a wide range of downstream pathogenic events and is expected to be a therapeutic strategy for SCAs. Here we show the anti-aggregation potential of Gardenia jasminoides (G. jasminoides) and its components/metabolite geniposide, crocin, and genipin, in ATXN3/Q75-GFP 293 cells, a putative SCA3 cell model. We found the aggregation can be significantly prohibited by G. jasminoides, genipin, geniposide and crocin. Meanwhile, G. jasminoides, genipin, geniposide, and crocin up-regulated anti-oxidative markers NFE2L2, NQO1, GCLC and GSTP1, and reduced the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) in the same cell models. All of them further inhibited the aggregation in neurally differentiated SH-SY5Y ATXN3/Q75-GFP cells. Our results demonstrate that G. jasminoides, genipin, geniposide and crocin work on polyQ-aggregation reduction by suppressing ROS. These findings indicate the therapeutic applications of G. jasminoides in treating SCAs. Furthermore, oxidative stress inhibition could be a good target for drug development of anti-polyQ aggregation.
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Mierziak J, Wojtasik W, Kostyn K, Czuj T, Szopa J, Kulma A. Crossbreeding of transgenic flax plants overproducing flavonoids and glucosyltransferase results in progeny with improved antifungal and antioxidative properties. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2014; 34:1917-1932. [PMID: 25506258 PMCID: PMC4257994 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-014-0149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large group of secondary plant metabolites with many important functions; they play a role in fruit, flower and seed pigmentation and are involved in multiple protective mechanisms. They are very active natural antioxidants, acting as antimicrobial compounds in defense against pathogens, and they protect the plant against various stress factors, including excessive solar radiation and temperature. They are also an animal deterrent. Flax is already a very useful crop plant with nutritional and biomedical applications. With increased phenylpropanoid content, flax plants could be used in the production of improved dietary supplements and antimicrobial agents. The main aim of this study was to engineer a flax variety with increased flavonoid content by crossing two transgenic flax varieties that have heightened flavonoid levels. A mother plant that over expresses genes encoding the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway enzymes chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase and dihydroflavonol reductase was crossed with plants overexpressing the glucosyltransferase (GT) gene. It was expected that the progeny would display better properties thanks to the simultaneous increases in flavonoid synthesis and stability. In comparison to the control and parental plants, plants of the selected flax lines were found to have increased contents of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoids, including phenolic acids, in their stems and seeds. A significant increase in the secoisolariciresinol diglucoside content was found in the seeds. The antioxidative properties of extracts from W92 × GT crossbreed plants were higher than the control (non-transgenic) and parental plants. These results correlated with the increase in the susceptibility of the crossbreeds to Fusarium infection. The increased flavonoid content did not cause any negative phenotypic changes or reduce the yield of seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mierziak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Kostyn
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Czuj
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
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Dymińska L, Szatkowski M, Wróbel-Kwiatkowska M, Zuk M, Kurzawa A, Syska W, Gągor A, Zawadzki M, Ptak M, Mączka M, Hanuza J, Szopa J. Improved properties of micronized genetically modified flax fibers. J Biotechnol 2013; 164:292-9. [PMID: 23353730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of micronization on the compound content, crystalline structure and physicochemical properties of fiber from genetically modified (GM) flax. The GM flax was transformed with three bacterial (Ralstonia eutropha) genes coding for enzymes of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis and under the control of the vascular bundle promoter. The modification resulted in fibers containing the 3-hydroxybutyrate polymer bound to cellulose via hydrogen and ester bonds and antioxidant compounds (phenolic acids, vanillin, vitexin, etc.). The fibers appeared to have a significantly decreased particle size after 20h of ball-milling treatment. Micronized fibers showed reduced phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity compared to the results for untreated fibers. An increased level of PHB was also detected. Micronization introduces structural changes in fiber constituents (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, PHB) and micronized fibers exhibit more functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl) derived from those constituents. It is thus concluded that micronization treatments improve the functional properties of the fiber components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Dymińska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Economics, Wrocław, Poland
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Żuk M, Kulma A, Dymińska L, Szołtysek K, Prescha A, Hanuza J, Szopa J. Erratum to: Flavonoid engineering of flax potentiate its biotechnological application. BMC Biotechnol 2012. [PMCID: PMC3431215 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Cozzolino D. Benefits and Limitations of Infrared Technologies in Omics Research and Development of Natural Drugs and Pharmaceutical Products. Drug Dev Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cozzolino
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine; The University of Adelaide; Waite Campus; PMB 1; Glen Osmond; SA; 5064; Australia
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Zuk M, Prescha A, Stryczewska M, Szopa J. Engineering flax plants to increase their antioxidant capacity and improve oil composition and stability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5003-12. [PMID: 22540960 DOI: 10.1021/jf300421m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the tissues is very important to human health and strongly depends on dietary intake. Since flax seeds are the richest source of polyunsaturated acids, their consumption might be beneficial for human health. Unfortunately, they are highly susceptible to auto-oxidation, which generates toxic derivatives. The main goal of this study was the generation of genetically modified flax plants with increased antioxidant potential and stable and healthy oil production. Since among phenylpropanoid compounds those belonging to the flavonoid route have the lowest antioxidant capacity, the approach was to inhibit this route of the pathway, which might result in accumulation of other compounds more effective in antioxidation. The suppression of the chalcone synthase gene resulted in hydrolyzable tannin accumulation and thus increased antioxidant status of seeds of the transgenic plant. This was due to the partial redirecting of substrates for flavonoid biosynthesis to the other routes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Consequently, transgenic plants produced more (20-45%) polyunsaturated fatty acids than the control and mainly α-linolenic acid. Thus, increasing the antioxidant potential of flax plants has benefits in terms of the yield of suitable oil for human dietary consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zuk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Lim EK, Bowles D. Plant production systems for bioactive small molecules. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2012; 23:271-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Li S, Pu XP. Neuroprotective effect of kaempferol against a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 34:1291-6. [PMID: 21804220 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of kaempferol in the mouse model of Parkinson's disease, which was induced by neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We confirmed that MPTP led to behavioral deficits, depletion of dopamine and its metabolites, reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity, and the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the substantia nigra. When administered prior to MPTP, kaempferol improved motor coordination, raised striatal dopamine and its metabolite levels, increased SOD and GSH-PX activity, and reduced the content of MDA compared with mice treated with MPTP alone. Immunohistochemical studies using anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibody showed that medication of kaempferol could prevent the loss of TH-positive neurons induced by MPTP. Taken together, we propose that kaempferol has shown anti-parkinsonian properties in our studies. More work is needed to explore detailed mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- National Key Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
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