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Mier NC, Roper DK. Effects of an indole derivative on cell proliferation, transfection, and alternative splicing in production of lentiviral vectors by transient co-transfection. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297817. [PMID: 38833479 PMCID: PMC11149887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors derived from human immunodeficiency virus type I are widely used to deliver functional gene copies to mammalian cells for research and gene therapies. Post-transcriptional splicing of lentiviral vector transgene in transduced host and transfected producer cells presents barriers to widespread application of lentiviral vector-based therapies. The present study examined effects of indole derivative compound IDC16 on splicing of lentiviral vector transcripts in producer cells and corresponding yield of infectious lentiviral vectors. Indole IDC16 was shown previously to modify alternative splicing in human immunodeficiency virus type I. Human embryonic kidney 293T cells were transiently transfected by 3rd generation backbone and packaging plasmids using polyethyleneimine. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the fraction of unspliced genomes in human embryonic kidney 293T cells increased up to 31% upon the indole's treatment at 2.5 uM. Corresponding yield of infectious lentiviral vectors decreased up to 4.5-fold in a cell transduction assay. Adjusting timing and duration of IDC16 treatment indicated that the indole's disruption of early stages of transfection and cell cycle had a greater effect on exponential time course of lentiviral vector production than its reduction of post-transcriptional splicing. Decrease in transfected human embryonic kidney 293T proliferation by IDC16 became significant at 10 uM. These findings indicated contributions by early-stage transfection, cell proliferation, and post-transcriptional splicing in transient transfection of human embryonic kidney 293T cells for lentiviral vector production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Carolina Mier
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Donald Keith Roper
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
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2
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Kumar A, Laborit Labrada B, Lavallée-Bourget MH, Forest MP, Schwab M, Bellmann K, Houde V, Beauchemin N, Laplante M, Marette A. Regulation of PPARγ2 Stability and Activity by SHP-1. Mol Cell Biol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38828991 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2354959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) plays an important role in modulating glucose and lipid homeostasis. We previously suggested a potential role of SHP-1 in the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) expression and activity but the mechanisms were unexplored. PPARγ2 is the master regulator of adipogenesis, but how its activity is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation is largely unknown. Here, we found that SHP-1 binds to PPARγ2 primarily via its N-terminal SH2-domain. We confirmed the phosphorylation of PPARγ2 on tyrosine-residue 78 (Y78), which was reduced by SHP-1 in vitro resulting in decreased PPARγ2 stability. Loss of SHP-1 led to elevated, agonist-induced expression of the classical PPARγ2 targets FABP4 and CD36, concomitant with increased lipid content in cells expressing PPARγ2, an effect blunted by abrogation of PPARγ2 phosphorylation. Collectively, we discovered that SHP-1 affects the stability of PPARγ2 through dephosphorylation thereby influencing adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Beisy Laborit Labrada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Lavallée-Bourget
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Forest
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Schwab
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Kerstin Bellmann
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vanessa Houde
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Departments of Oncology, Medicine and Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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3
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Zhang J, Sun Y, Ma J, Guo X. Deciphering the molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS1 regulating pancreatic cancer cells. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3367-3377. [PMID: 38846874 PMCID: PMC11152846 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background HIF1A-AS1, an antisense transcript of HIF1α gene, is a 652-bp LncRNA that is globally expressed in multiple tissues of animals. Recent evidence indicated that HIF1A-AS1 was involved in tumorigenesis of several types of cancer. However, the role of lncRNA in PC has not been reported, and the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Results In order to investigate the role of HIF1A-AS1 in PC, it was overexpressed in some PC cell lines (PANC-1, PATU8988 and SW1990), and a series of experiments including cell viability detection, flow cytometry, transwell migration, clone formation and wound healing were performed. Functionally, the results indicated that overexpression of HIF1A-AS1 could greatly inhibit proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis of PC cells. Moreover, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) quantitative proteomics analysis was implemented to explore the underlying mechanism and the results indicated that OE of HIF1A-AS1 globally affected the expression levels of multiple proteins associated with metabolism of cancer. At last, the network analysis revealed that most of these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were integrated and severed essential roles in regulatory function. In view of this, we guessed HIF1A-AS1 overexpression induced the dysfunction of metabolism and disordered proteins' translation, which may account for its excellent tumour suppressor effect. Conclusions HIF1A-AS1 altered the cell function of PC cell lines via affecting the expression of numerous proteins. In summary, HIF1A-AS1 may exhibit a potential therapeutic effect on PC, and our study provided useful information in this filed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan
| | - Yifeng Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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4
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Khamaikawin W, Saisawang C, Tassaneetrithep B, Bhukhai K, Phanthong P, Borwornpinyo S, Phuphuakrat A, Pasomsub E, Chaisavaneeyakorn S, Anurathapan U, Apiwattanakul N, Hongeng S. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of CCR5 combined with C46 HIV-1 fusion inhibitor for cellular resistant to R5 and X4 tropic HIV-1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10852. [PMID: 38741006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC) transplantation using a donor with a homozygous mutation in the HIV co-receptor CCR5 (CCR5Δ32/Δ32) holds great promise as a cure for HIV-1. Previously, there were three patients that had been reported to be completely cured from HIV infection by this approach. However, finding a naturally suitable Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-matched homozygous CCR5Δ32 donor is very difficult. The prevalence of this allele is only 1% in the Caucasian population. Therefore, additional sources of CCR5Δ32/Δ32 HSCs are required. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system is one method to mediate CCR5 knockout in HSCs that has been successfully employed as a gene editing tool in clinical trials. Additional anti-HIV-1 strategies are still required for broad-spectrum inhibition of HIV-1 replication. Here in this study, we combined an additional anti-HIV-1 therapy, which is C46, a cell membrane-anchored HIV-1 fusion inhibitor with the CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout CCR5. The combined HIV-1 therapeutic genes were investigated for the potential prevention of both CCR5 (R5)- and CXCR4 (X4)-tropic HIV-1 infections in the MT4CCR5 cell line. The combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9 therapies were superior compared to single method therapy for achieving the HIV-1 cure strategy and shows potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannisa Khamaikawin
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Saisawang
- Center for Advanced Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Boonrat Tassaneetrithep
- Center of Research Excellence in Immunoregulation, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Kanit Bhukhai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Phetcharat Phanthong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Angsana Phuphuakrat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ekawat Pasomsub
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sujittra Chaisavaneeyakorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Usanarat Anurathapan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Apiwattanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Barbieri E, Mollica GN, Moore BD, Sripada SA, Shastry S, Kilgore RE, Loudermilk CM, Whitacre ZH, Kilgour KM, Wuestenhagen E, Aldinger A, Graalfs H, Rammo O, Schulte MM, Johnson TF, Daniele MA, Menegatti S. Peptide ligands targeting the vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) protein for the affinity purification of lentivirus particles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:618-639. [PMID: 37947118 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent uptick in the approval of ex vivo cell therapies highlights the relevance of lentivirus (LV) as an enabling viral vector of modern medicine. As labile biologics, however, LVs pose critical challenges to industrial biomanufacturing. In particular, LV purification-currently reliant on filtration and anion-exchange or size-exclusion chromatography-suffers from long process times and low yield of transducing particles, which translate into high waiting time and cost to patients. Seeking to improve LV downstream processing, this study introduces peptides targeting the enveloped protein Vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) to serve as affinity ligands for the chromatographic purification of LV particles. An ensemble of candidate ligands was initially discovered by implementing a dual-fluorescence screening technology and a targeted in silico approach designed to identify sequences with high selectivity and tunable affinity. The selected peptides were conjugated on Poros resin and their LV binding-and-release performance was optimized by adjusting the flow rate, composition, and pH of the chromatographic buffers. Ligands GKEAAFAA and SRAFVGDADRD were selected for their high product yield (50%-60% of viral genomes; 40%-50% of HT1080 cell-transducing particles) upon elution in PIPES buffer with 0.65 M NaCl at pH 7.4. The peptide-based adsorbents also presented remarkable values of binding capacity (up to 3·109 TU per mL of resin, or 5·1011 vp per mL of resin, at the residence time of 1 min) and clearance of host cell proteins (up to a 220-fold reduction of HEK293 HCPs). Additionally, GKEAAFAA demonstrated high resistance to caustic cleaning-in-place (0.5 M NaOH, 30 min) with no observable loss in product yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gina N Mollica
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandyn D Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sobhana A Sripada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shriarjun Shastry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan E Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Casee M Loudermilk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zachary H Whitacre
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katie M Kilgour
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas F Johnson
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael A Daniele
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- LigaTrap Technologies LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Nardin C, Mammano F. Measurement of Ca 2+ Uptake Through Connexin Hemichannels. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2801:97-109. [PMID: 38578416 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3842-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to deregulated flux of ionized calcium (Ca2+) mediated by hyperactive mutant connexin (Cx) hemichannels (HCs) as a common gain-of-function etiopathogenetic mechanism for several diseases, ranging from skin disorders to nervous system defects. Furthermore, the opening of nonmutated Cx HCs is associated with an impressive list of widespread diseases including, but not limited to, ischemia/stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. HC inhibitors are attracting a growing attention due to their therapeutic potential for numerous pathologies. This chapter describes a quantitative method to measure Ca2+ uptake though HCs expressed in cultured cells. The assay we developed can be used to probe HC activity as wells as to test HC inhibitors. Furthermore, with minor changes it can be easily adapted to high-throughput high-content platforms and/or primary cells and microtissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nardin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- , Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Mammano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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7
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Yang J, Gong Z, Dong J, Li H, Wang B, Du K, Zhang C, Chen L. Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insights into the Regulatory Mechanism of IncRNA HIF1 A-AS1 on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 38:e20220260. [PMID: 37801489 PMCID: PMC10550220 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2022-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a potentially fatal disease with a strong genetic contribution. The dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the formation of this aneurysm. Although previous studies suggested that long non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) hypoxia inducible factor 1 α-antisense RNA 1 (HIF1A-AS1) exerted a vital role in the progression and pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm, we managed to find a new regulatory mechanism of HIF1A-AS1 in VSMCs via transcriptomics. METHODS Cell viability was detected by the cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining. Transwell migration assay and wound healing assay were performed to check the migration ability of HIF1A-AS1 on VSMCs. The NextSeq XTen system (Illumina) was used to collect RNA sequencing data. Lastly, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed the veracity and reliability of RNA-sequencing results. RESULTS We observed that overexpressing HIF1A-AS1 successfully promoted apoptosis, significantly altered cell cycle distribution, and greatly attenuated migration in VSMCs, further highlighting the robust promoting effects of HIF1A-AS1 to thoracic aortic aneurysm. Moreover, transcriptomics was implemented to uncover its underlying mechanism. A total of 175 differently expressed genes were identified, with some of them enriched in apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle-related pathways. Intriguingly, some differently expressed genes were noted in vascular development or coagulation function pathways. CONCLUSION We suggest that HIF1A-AS1 mediated the progression of thoracic aortic aneurysm by not only regulating the function of VSMCs, but also altering vascular development or coagulation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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8
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Alexander KA, Yu R, Skuli N, Coffey NJ, Nguyen S, Faunce C, Huang H, Dardani IP, Good AL, Lim J, Li C, Biddle N, Joyce EF, Raj A, Lee D, Keith B, Simon MC, Berger SL. Nuclear speckles regulate HIF-2α programs and correlate with patient survival in kidney cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.14.557228. [PMID: 37745397 PMCID: PMC10515914 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear speckles are membrane-less bodies within the cell nucleus enriched in RNA biogenesis, processing, and export factors. In this study we investigated speckle phenotype variation in human cancer, finding a reproducible speckle signature, based on RNA expression of speckle-resident proteins, across >20 cancer types. Of these, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) exhibited a clear correlation between the presence of this speckle expression signature, imaging-based speckle phenotype, and clinical outcomes. ccRCC is typified by hyperactivation of the HIF-2α transcription factor, and we demonstrate here that HIF-2α drives physical association of a select subset of its target genes with nuclear speckles. Disruption of HIF-2α-driven speckle association via deletion of its speckle targeting motifs (STMs)-defined in this study-led to defective induction of speckle-associating HIF-2α target genes without impacting non-speckle-associating HIF-2α target genes. We further identify the RNA export complex, TREX, as being specifically altered in speckle signature, and knockdown of key TREX component, ALYREF, also compromises speckle-associated gene expression. By integrating tissue culture functional studies with tumor genomic and imaging analysis, we show that HIF-2α gene regulatory programs are impacted by specific manipulation of speckle phenotype and by abrogation of speckle targeting abilities of HIF-2α. These findings suggest that, in ccRCC, a key biological function of nuclear speckles is to modulate expression of a specific subset of HIF-2α-regulated target genes that, in turn, influence patient outcomes. We also identify STMs in other transcription factors, suggesting that DNA-speckle targeting may be a general mechanism of gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Alexander
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruofan Yu
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Stem Cell and Xenograft Core, Department of Medicine – Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathan J. Coffey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Son Nguyen
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christine Faunce
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian P. Dardani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Austin L. Good
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joan Lim
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Catherine Li
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Biddle
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric F. Joyce
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arjun Raj
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian Keith
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M. Celeste Simon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L. Berger
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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9
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Culberson AL, Bowles-Welch AC, Wang B, Kottke PA, Jimenez AC, Roy K, Fedorov AG. Early detection and metabolic pathway identification of T cell activation by in-process intracellular mass spectrometry. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1006-1015. [PMID: 37061898 PMCID: PMC10524195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS In-process monitoring and control of biomanufacturing workflows remains a significant challenge in the development, production, and application of cell therapies. New process analytical technologies must be developed to identify and control the critical process parameters that govern ex vivo cell growth and differentiation to ensure consistent and predictable safety, efficacy, and potency of clinical products. METHODS This study demonstrates a new platform for at-line intracellular analysis of T-cells. Untargeted mass spectrometry analyses via the platform are correlated to conventional methods of T-cell assessment. RESULTS Spectral markers and metabolic pathways correlated with T-cell activation and differentiation are detected at early time points via rapid, label-free metabolic measurements from a minimal number of cells as enabled by the platform. This is achieved while reducing the analytical time and resources as compared to conventional methods of T-cell assessment. CONCLUSIONS In addition to opportunities for fundamental insight into the dynamics of T-cell processes, this work highlights the potential of in-process monitoring and dynamic feedback control strategies via metabolic modulation to drive T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation throughout biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin L Culberson
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles-Welch
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bryan Wang
- National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peter A Kottke
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Angela C Jimenez
- National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrei G Fedorov
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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10
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Kumar A, Schwab M, Laborit Labrada B, Silveira MAD, Goudreault M, Fournier É, Bellmann K, Beauchemin N, Gingras AC, Bilodeau S, Laplante M, Marette A. SHP-1 phosphatase acts as a coactivator of PCK1 transcription to control gluconeogenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105164. [PMID: 37595871 PMCID: PMC10504565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 (PTPN6) negatively regulates insulin signaling, but its impact on hepatic glucose metabolism and systemic glucose control remains poorly understood. Here, we use co-immunoprecipitation assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, in silico methods, and gluconeogenesis assay, and found a new mechanism whereby SHP-1 acts as a coactivator for transcription of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) gene to increase liver gluconeogenesis. SHP-1 is recruited to the regulatory regions of the PCK1 gene and interacts with RNA polymerase II. The recruitment of SHP-1 to chromatin is dependent on its association with the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5). Loss of SHP-1 as well as STAT5 decrease RNA polymerase II recruitment to the PCK1 promoter and consequently PCK1 mRNA levels leading to blunted gluconeogenesis. This work highlights a novel nuclear role of SHP-1 as a key transcriptional regulator of hepatic gluconeogenesis adding a new mechanism to the repertoire of SHP-1 functions in metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Schwab
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Beisy Laborit Labrada
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maruhen Amir Datsch Silveira
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marilyn Goudreault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Fournier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche en données massives de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kerstin Bellmann
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Department of Oncology, Medicine and Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steve Bilodeau
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Département de biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche en données massives de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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11
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Ehm P, Rietow R, Wegner W, Bußmann L, Kriegs M, Dierck K, Horn S, Streichert T, Horstmann M, Jücker M. SHIP1 Is Present but Strongly Downregulated in T-ALL, and after Restoration Suppresses Leukemia Growth in a T-ALL Xenotransplantation Mouse Model. Cells 2023; 12:1798. [PMID: 37443832 PMCID: PMC10341211 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cause of cancer-related death in children. Despite significantly increased chances of cure, especially for high-risk ALL patients, it still represents a poor prognosis for a substantial fraction of patients. Misregulated proteins in central switching points of the cellular signaling pathways represent potentially important therapeutic targets. Recently, the inositol phosphatase SHIP1 (SH2-containing inositol 5-phosphatase) has been considered as a tumor suppressor in leukemia. SHIP1 serves as an important negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is frequently constitutively activated in primary T-ALL. In contrast to other reports, we show for the first time that SHIP1 has not been lost in T-ALL cells, but is strongly downregulated. Reduced expression of SHIP1 leads to an increased activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. SHIP1-mRNA expression is frequently reduced in primary T-ALL samples, which is recapitulated by the decrease in SHIP1 expression at the protein level in seven out of eight available T-ALL patient samples. In addition, we investigated the change in the activity profile of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases after the restoration of SHIP1 expression in Jurkat T-ALL cells. The tyrosine kinase receptor subfamilies of NTRK and PDGFR, which are upregulated in T-ALL subgroups with low SHIP1 expression, are significantly disabled after SHIP1 reconstitution. Lentiviral-mediated reconstitution of SHIP1 expression in Jurkat cells points to a decreased cellular proliferation upon transplantation into NSG mice in comparison to the control cohort. Together, our findings will help to elucidate the complex network of cell signaling proteins, further support a functional role for SHIP1 as tumor suppressor in T-ALL and, much more importantly, show that full-length SHIP1 is expressed in T-ALL samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ehm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg and Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Rietow
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg and Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Bußmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Oncology, Clinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Dierck
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg and Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Horn
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Köln, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Horstmann
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg and Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Li J, Lee YC, Iessi IL, Wu C, Yi P, Cai EP. Protocol for genome-scale in vivo CRISPR screening to study protection of beta cells under autoimmunity in a type 1 diabetes mouse model. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102155. [PMID: 36917606 PMCID: PMC10025263 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity-induced pancreatic beta cell failure is the main characteristic of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we describe a protocol for genome-scale in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screening for use in a mouse model of T1D. Using a non-obese-diabetic-derived mouse beta cell line, NIT-1, and a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library (GeCKO-v2), we describe how to identify genes that confer resistance to autoimmune killing. This protocol can be applied in other mouse models of autoimmunity. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Cai et al. (2020).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Isabela L Iessi
- Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chialing Wu
- Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Peng Yi
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Erica P Cai
- Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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13
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Brzuska G, Szewczyk B, Krol E. Influence of Dosing Regimen and Adjuvant Type on the Immunogenicity of Novel Recombinant Zika Virus-Like Particles. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0288522. [PMID: 36541807 PMCID: PMC9927573 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02885-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a reemerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes febrile illness and is also linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome as well as to microcephaly in newborns. Due to the risk of fetuses developing microcephaly, ZIKV is a serious problem for pregnant women. Although different types of vaccine antigens have been investigated, there is still no approved vaccine that prevents ZIKV. The aim of this study was to produce a potential anti-Zika virus vaccine candidate based on virus-like particles (VLPs) in mammalian cells and to analyze the role of dosing regimen and adjuvant type on the immunogenicity of the obtained antigen. Novel recombinant VLPs (F2A) were designed by introducing the optimized signal sequence of prM protein and by adding a self-cleavage peptide 2A between proteins prM and E. These modifications improved the formation of the glycoprotein E dimer. It has been shown that the increasing dosing regimen generates a significantly higher titer of antibodies; however, the adjuvant type does not affect this process. Sera from mice immunized using an increasing dosing schedule also showed higher neutralization activity against both Zika strains (H/PAN/2016/BEI-259634, a pandemic strain belonging to Asian lineage, and MR766, a reference strain from African lineage). In summary, this is the first report showing the influence of vaccination schedules and adjuvants on the immunogenicity of ZIKV virus-like particles. IMPORTANCE Considering the transmission of ZIKV and the risk of another epidemic as well as the neurological complications that follow ZIKV infection, the virus remains a serious problem for the human population, especially pregnant women. Therefore, there is a great need to develop new effective vaccine candidates. Although different types of vaccine antigens have been used in preclinical studies worldwide, there is still no approved vaccine to prevent ZIKV. VLPs are among the most potent antigens, but to use VLPs, adjuvants must be added to the formulation and appropriate administration must be performed. In this study, we show for the first time the influence of vaccination schedules and adjuvants on the immunogenicity of recombinant ZIKV VLPs. The obtained results can be used in new vaccine designs not only against ZIKV but also against other important viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Brzuska
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Krol
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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14
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Cao B, Wen T, Wei M, Xiong Y, Liu W, Zhu L, Zhou J. Transcriptomic analysis reveal the responses of dendritic cells to VDBP. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1271-1282. [PMID: 35278207 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) is an essential plasma carrier protein, which plays possible roles in reproductive health, disease and so on. However, the effects of VDBP on immunity have not been fully studied and the pertinent literatures remain very limited. OBJECTIVE In this study, we introduced the exogenous VDBP into DC2.4 and established a stable DC2.4/VDBP cell line to explore the role of this gene in immunity. METHODS Dendritic cells (DCs), as the most effective antigen presenting cells (APC) found so far, are directly involved in regulating some innate immunity. In order to evaluate the biological role of VDBP in DCs, we stably overexpressed VDBP in DCs, and conducted Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK-8 kit) and flow cytometry to detect changes in cell function. CCK-8 kit was used to monitor the viability of DCs after gene overexpression, and flow cytometry was used to detect changes in cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Subsequently, in order to reveal the mechanism of VDBP regulating DCs, we adopted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). RESULTS CCK-8 results revealed VDBP successfully inhibited viability of DCs. Besides, we found that overexpression of this gene greatly promoted apoptosis and obviously altered the cell cycle distribution of DCs in G1 and G2 phases. Moreover, RNA-seq was carried out and 151 differently expression genes (DEGs) were obtained. In addition, gene differential expression analysis showed that most of them were uniformly enriched in immunity-related pathways. CONCLUSION These results indicated that VDBP greatly repressed proliferation, facilitated apoptosis and changed cell cycle in DCs via altering the expression levels of gene associated with their cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwei Cao
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wan Liu
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.
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15
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Dimerization of the C-type lectin-like receptor CD93 promotes its binding to Multimerin-2 in endothelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:453-464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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A Quantitative Assay for Ca2+ Uptake through Normal and Pathological Hemichannels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137337. [PMID: 35806342 PMCID: PMC9266989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin (Cx) hemichannels (HCs) are large pore hexameric structures that allow the exchange of ions, metabolites and a variety of other molecules between the cell cytoplasm and extracellular milieu. HC inhibitors are attracting growing interest as drug candidates because deregulated fluxes through HCs have been implicated in a plethora of genetic conditions and other diseases. HC activity has been mainly investigated by electrophysiological methods and/or using HC-permeable dye uptake measurements. Here, we present an all-optical assay based on fluorometric measurements of ionized calcium (Ca2+) uptake with a Ca2+-selective genetically encoded indicator (GCaMP6s) that permits the optical tracking of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) changes with high sensitivity. We exemplify use of the assay in stable pools of HaCaT cells overexpressing human Cx26, Cx46, or the pathological mutant Cx26G45E, under control of a tetracycline (Tet) responsive element (TRE) promoter (Tet-on). We demonstrate the usefulness of the assay for the characterization of new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the extracellular domain of the HCs. Although we developed the assay on a spinning disk confocal fluorescence microscope, the same methodology can be extended seamlessly to high-throughput high-content platforms to screen other kinds of inhibitors and/or to probe HCs expressed in primary cells and microtissues.
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17
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Luangwattananun P, Chiraphapphaiboon W, Thuwajit C, Junking M, Yenchitsomanus PT. Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by self-differentiated myeloid-derived dendritic cells for killing breast cancer cells expressing folate receptor alpha protein. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14188-14203. [PMID: 35734827 PMCID: PMC9342379 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2084262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a promising approach for cancer treatment. Activation of T lymphocytes by self-differentiated myeloid-derived antigen-presenting-cells reactive against tumor (SmartDC) resulted in specific anti-cancer function. Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is highly expressed in breast cancer (BC) cells and thus potential to be a target antigen for ACT. To explore the SmartDC technology for treatment of BC, we create SmartDC expressing FRα antigen (SmartDC-FRα) for activation of FRα-specific T lymphocytes. Human primary monocytes were transduced with lentiviruses containing tri-cistronic complementary DNA sequences encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and FRα to generate SmartDC-FRα. Autologous T lymphocytes were activated by SmartDC-FRα by coculture. The activated T lymphocytes exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against FRα-expressing BC cell cultures. Up to 84.9 ± 6.2% of MDA-MB-231 and 89.7 ± 1.9% of MCF-7 BC cell lines were specifically lysed at an effector-to-target ratio of 20:1. The cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes activated by SmartDC-FRα was also demonstrated in three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture of FRα-expressing BC cells marked by size reduction and spheroid disruption. This study thus portray the potential development of T lymphocytes activated by SmartDC-FRα as ACT in FRα-expressing BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piriya Luangwattananun
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol, University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wannasiri Chiraphapphaiboon
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol, University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mutita Junking
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol, University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol, University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Wang D, Zhou Q, Qiu X, Liu X, Zhang C. Optimizing rAAV6 transduction of primary T cells for the generation of anti-CD19 AAV-CAR-T cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113027. [PMID: 35658223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Adeno-associated virus(rAAV) is currently the most widely used gene delivery vector and has been successfully used in various disease models, benefiting from its low immunogenicity, almost no toxicity, and no reported pathogenicity in humans. However, its low transduction efficiency for primary cells, especially for T lymphocytes, limits its further application in the field of cell therapy. In this study, we optimized the protocol for rAAV6 transduction of primary T cells, significantly improved the expression efficiency of the rAAV6 delivered CAR gene, and successfully generated rAAV6-based CAR-T cells (AAV-CAR-T). The gene expression intensity (mean fluorescence intensity, MFI) of rAAV6 transduced T cells treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Genistein, was increased 1-3-fold. Moreover, our results showed that rAAV6 efficiently transduced T cells stimulated with OKT3 and the gene expression could be enhanced 3-fold with an OKT3 concentration of 50 ng/mL in the medium. The gene expression intensity of T cells treated with OKT3 together with genistein could be augmented by 7-fold. Based on the above-optimized method, CAR-T cells prepared with rAAV6 showed evident anti-tumor ability both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings established an efficient method for the AAV transduction of T cells and would provide an alternative way for the preparation of CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215163, PR China
| | - Qungang Zhou
- Suzhou Red Cross Blood Center, NO. 355 Shizi Road, Gusu District, Suzhou 215163, PR China
| | - Xiang Qiu
- Suzhou Red Cross Blood Center, NO. 355 Shizi Road, Gusu District, Suzhou 215163, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215163, PR China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215163, PR China.
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The Effect of the NFκB-USP9X-Cx43 Axis on the Dynamic Balance of Bone Formation/Degradation during Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Cervical Spine. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1604932. [PMID: 35391932 PMCID: PMC8983240 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1604932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Connexin 43- (Cx43-) mediated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) signaling has been found involved in the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). However, the underlying mechanism how OPLL is regulated has not been elucidated. In the present study, primary ligament fibroblast were isolated; immunoprecipitation (IP) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays were applied to identify potential binding proteins of Cx43. Protein interaction was then confirmed by co-IP assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red staining were used to evaluate ossification. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were employed to assess the binding between NF-κB p65 and target gene. Lipoxygenase inhibitor (5,8,11-eicosatriynoic acid, EPA) was applied to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) was used as an ER-stress inhibitor. Expression of USP9X, Cx43, and nuclei p65 in ligaments from patients and controls was detected by Western blotting. The results showed that ubiquitin-specific protease 9 X-chromosome (USP9X), a deubiquitylating enzyme, was a candidate of Cx43 binding proteins, and USP9X inhibited Cx43 ubiquitination. In vitro experiments showed that USP9X promoted ossification of primary ligament fibroblasts and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 by regulating Cx43 expression. Moreover, NF-κB can bind to the USP9X promoter to promote its transcription. When ER stress was inhibited by 4-PBA, USP9X levels, NF-κB nuclei translocation, and ALP activity were decreased. Reverse results were obtained when ER stress was induced by EPA. PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor, could abolish the effects of EPA. Furthermore, USP9X, Cx43, and nuclei p65 were significantly upregulated in ligaments from OPLL patients than non-OPLL controls. USP9X was positively correlated with CX43 and nuclei p65 in OPLL samples. Overall, the findings suggest that the ER stress–NFκB-USP9X-Cx43 signaling pathway plays an important role in OPLL progression.
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20
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RIG-I Promotes Cell Viability, Colony Formation, and Glucose Metabolism and Inhibits Cell Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer by NF- κB Signaling Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1247007. [PMID: 35242239 PMCID: PMC8888050 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1247007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) has crucial effects on various cancers, while RIG-I's detailed roles and mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) are uncovered. Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of RIG-I in CRC, adjacent nontumor specimens, and five cell lines. CCK-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays were conducted to study CRC cell viabilities. Extracellular acidification rates, lactate analysis, and ATP analysis were conducted to study the cell viabilities and glucose metabolism of CRC cells. Western blot is used to determine the proteins of NF-κBp65 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Results This study revealed the upregulation of RIG-I in CRC tissues and cells and that high RIG-I expression was correlated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. In addition, silencing RIG-I inhibited cell viability as well as colony formation and promoted cell apoptosis in CRC cells, while RIG-I knockdown suppressed transplanted tumor growth and facilitated apoptosis in nude mice. Moreover, silencing RIG-I inhibited glucose metabolism by decreasing extracellular acidification rate, lactate production, adenosine triphosphate, and content of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and pyruvate kinase isoform. 2.2-Deoxy-d-glucose, a glycolysis inhibitor, reduced the growth of CRC cells and promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, RIG-I knockdown decreased NF-κB nuclear translocation. Besides, inhibiting NF-κB effectively eliminated RIG-I overexpression roles in cell viability and glucose metabolism in CRC cells. Conclusion In summary, this study revealed that RIG-I mediated CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism at least partly by NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Yan L, Ou Y, Xia S, Huang J, Zhang W, Shao H, Shen H, Bo H, Tao C, Wang J, Wu F. Combined overexpression of four transcription factors promotes effector T cell dedifferentiation toward early phenotypes. Immunogenetics 2022; 74:231-244. [PMID: 35001141 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Effector T cells, which are abundant but are short-lived after reinfusion into the body, are generally used for T-cell therapy, and antitumor immunity is typically not maintained over the long term. Genetic modification by early differentiated T cells and reinfusion has been shown to enhance antitumor immunity in vivo. This study overexpressed the characteristic transcription factors of differentiated early T cells by transfecting effector T cells with transcription factor recombinant lentivirus (S6 group: BCL6, EOMES, FOXP1, LEF1, TCF7, KLF7; S1 group: BCL6, EOMES, FOXP1, KLF7; S3 group: BCL6, EOMES, FOXP1, LEF1) to induce a sufficient number of effector T cells to dedifferentiate and optimize the transcription factor system. The results revealed that overexpression of early characteristic transcription factors in effector T cells upregulated the expression of early T cell differentiation markers (CCR7 and CD62L), with the S1 group having the highest expression level, while the rising trend of late differentiation marker (CD45RO) expression was suppressed. Moreover, the expression of early differentiation-related genes (ACTN1, CERS6, BCL2) was significantly increased, while the expression of late differentiation-related genes (KLRG-1) and effector function-related genes (GNLY, GZMB, PRF1) was significantly decreased; this difference in expression was more significant in the S1 group than in the other two experimental groups. The antiapoptotic ability of each experimental group was significantly enhanced, while the secretion ability of TNF-α and IFN-γ was weakened, with the effector cytokine secretion ability of the S1 group being the weakest. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the gene expression profile of each experimental group was significantly different from that of the control group, with differences in the gene expression pattern and number of differentially expressed genes in the S1 group compared with the other two experimental groups. The differentially expressed gene enrichment pathways were basically related to the cell cycle, cell division, and immune function. In conclusion, overexpression of early characteristic transcription factors in effector T cells induces their dedifferentiation, and induction of dedifferentiation by the S1 group may be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Ou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengfang Xia
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Shao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Shen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaben Bo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changli Tao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China. .,School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Portillo AL, Hogg R, Ashkar AA. Production of human CAR-NK cells with lentiviral vectors and functional assessment in vitro. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100956. [PMID: 34825217 PMCID: PMC8605094 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although natural killer (NK) cells have become a promising immune effector cell for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based therapy, generating human CAR-NK cells with high transgene efficiency has been challenging. In this protocol, we describe how to generate CAR-NK cells with transduction efficiencies >15% from healthy donor ex vivo expanded NK cells using third generation lentiviral vectors (LVs). We also show how to assess CAR-NK cell anti-tumor function in vitro using a flow cytometry-based killing assay. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Portillo et al. (2021). PBMC isolation and expansion of human NK cells from healthy donors Production of third generation lentiviral vectors for NK cell transduction A protocol for the generation of CAR-modified NK cells from human expanded NK cells A flow cytometry-based assay to assess CAR-NK cell cytotoxicity in vitro
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Portillo
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Richard Hogg
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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23
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Barbera S, Raucci L, Lugano R, Tosi GM, Dimberg A, Santucci A, Galvagni F, Orlandini M. CD93 Signaling via Rho Proteins Drives Cytoskeletal Remodeling in Spreading Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212417. [PMID: 34830297 PMCID: PMC8622518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During angiogenesis, cell adhesion molecules expressed on the endothelial cell surface promote the growth and survival of newly forming vessels. Hence, elucidation of the signaling pathways activated by cell-to-matrix adhesion may assist in the discovery of new targets to be used in antiangiogenic therapy. In proliferating endothelial cells, the single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein CD93 has recently emerged as an important endothelial cell adhesion molecule regulating vascular maturation. In this study, we unveil a signaling pathway triggered by CD93 that regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics responsible of endothelial cell adhesion. We show that the Src-dependent phosphorylation of CD93 and the adaptor protein Cbl leads to the recruitment of Crk, which works as a downstream integrator in the CD93-mediated signaling. Moreover, confocal microscopy analysis of FRET-based biosensors shows that CD93 drives the coordinated activation of Rac1 and RhoA at the cell edge of spreading cells, thus promoting the establishment of cell polarity and adhesion required for cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Barbera
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Luisa Raucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Gian Marco Tosi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Maurizio Orlandini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.B.); (L.R.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Kalidasan V, Ng WH, Ishola OA, Ravichantar N, Tan JJ, Das KT. A guide in lentiviral vector production for hard-to-transfect cells, using cardiac-derived c-kit expressing cells as a model system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19265. [PMID: 34584147 PMCID: PMC8478948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy revolves around modifying genetic makeup by inserting foreign nucleic acids into targeted cells via gene delivery methods to treat a particular disease. While the genes targeted play a key role in gene therapy, the gene delivery system used is also of utmost importance as it determines the success of gene therapy. As primary cells and stem cells are often the target cells for gene therapy in clinical trials, the delivery system would need to be robust, and viral-based entries such as lentiviral vectors work best at transporting the transgene into the cells. However, even within lentiviral vectors, several parameters can affect the functionality of the delivery system. Using cardiac-derived c-kit expressing cells (CCs) as a model system, this study aims to optimize lentiviral production by investigating various experimental factors such as the generation of the lentiviral system, concentration method, and type of selection marker. Our findings showed that the 2nd generation system with pCMV-dR8.2 dvpr as the packaging plasmid produced a 7.3-fold higher yield of lentiviral production compared to psPAX2. Concentrating the virus with ultracentrifuge produced a higher viral titer at greater than 5 × 105 infectious unit values/ml (IFU/ml). And lastly, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of puromycin selection marker was 10 μg/mL and 7 μg/mL for HEK293T and CCs, demonstrating the suitability of antibiotic selection for all cell types. This encouraging data can be extrapolated and applied to other difficult-to-transfect cells, such as different types of stem cells or primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Kalidasan
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Wai Hoe Ng
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Oluwaseun Ayodeji Ishola
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia ,Helmholtz Research Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Nithya Ravichantar
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Kumitaa Theva Das
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
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25
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Shrivastava S, Ray RM, Holguin L, Echavarria L, Grepo N, Scott TA, Burnett J, Morris KV. Exosome-mediated stable epigenetic repression of HIV-1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5541. [PMID: 34545097 PMCID: PMC8452652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) produces a persistent latent infection. Control of HIV-1 using combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) comes at the cost of life-shortening side effects and development of drug-resistant HIV-1. An ideal and safer therapy should be deliverable in vivo and target the stable epigenetic repression of the virus, inducing a stable "block and lock" of virus expression. Towards this goal, we developed an HIV-1 promoter-targeting Zinc Finger Protein (ZFP-362) fused to active domains of DNA methyltransferase 3 A to induce long-term stable epigenetic repression of HIV-1. Cells were engineered to produce exosomes packaged with RNAs encoding this HIV-1 repressor protein. We find here that the repressor loaded anti-HIV-1 exosomes suppress virus expression and that this suppression is mechanistically driven by DNA methylation of HIV-1 in humanized NSG mouse models. The observations presented here pave the way for an exosome-mediated systemic delivery platform of therapeutic cargo to epigenetically repress HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Shrivastava
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Roslyn M Ray
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Leo Holguin
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lilliana Echavarria
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Grepo
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tristan A Scott
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John Burnett
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
- Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kevin V Morris
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
- Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Brisbane, Australia.
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26
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Xiao K, Song L, Bai Y, Liu P, Liu Y, Xie F, Xie L. Decipering the Molecular Mechanism of ACE2 Regulating A549 Cells. Front Genet 2021; 12:653725. [PMID: 34354732 PMCID: PMC8329961 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.653725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an aminopeptidase that functions as a part of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The RAS pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the local blood flow within a tissue. As a consequence, the role of ACE2 in regulating vasculature properties has been widely appreciated. Additionally, ACE2 has also been reported to show anti-tumorigenic activity. However, the mechanistic basis of this function has remained largely unexplored. In the current study, using a lentivirus-based expression system in lung cancer cells (A549), we show that ACE2 overexpression reduces the viability and migratory potential of cancer cells, highlighting the robust anti-tumorigenic effects of ACE2 function. Moreover, a quantitative proteome-level comparison between ACE2 overexpressed (OE) and empty vector-controlled (NC) cells reveals a large number (227) of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that may have contributed to this phenomenon. Functional enrichment of these DEPs has uncovered that most of them perform binding activities and enzymatic reactions associated with metabolic pathways and various post-transcriptional gene expression regulatory mechanisms. Besides, cellular component analysis reveals that the DEPs function across a range of compartments within a cell with a relatively heterogeneous distribution. Our study, therefore, supports the previously established anti-tumorigenic effects of ACE2 overexpression in lung cancer cells. An analysis based on comprehensive, unbiased, and quantitative proteomics, we have provided a rigorous mechanistic explanation for its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiao
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Song
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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27
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β-Cell pre-mir-21 induces dysfunction and loss of cellular identity by targeting transforming growth factor beta 2 (Tgfb2) and Smad family member 2 (Smad2) mRNAs. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101289. [PMID: 34246804 PMCID: PMC8361274 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β-cell microRNA-21 (miR-21) is increased by islet inflammatory stress but it decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Thus, we sought to define the effects of miR-21 on β-cell function using in vitro and in vivo systems. METHODS We developed a tetracycline-on system of pre-miR-21 induction in clonal β-cells and human islets, along with transgenic zebrafish and mouse models of β-cell-specific pre-miR-21 overexpression. RESULTS β-cell miR-21 induction markedly reduced GSIS and led to reductions in transcription factors associated with β-cell identity and increased markers of dedifferentiation, which led us to hypothesize that miR-21 induces β-cell dysfunction by loss of cell identity. In silico analysis identified transforming growth factor-beta 2 (Tgfb2) and Smad family member 2 (Smad2) mRNAs as predicted miR-21 targets associated with the maintenance of β-cell identity. Tgfb2 and Smad2 were confirmed as direct miR-21 targets through RT-PCR, immunoblot, pulldown, and luciferase assays. In vivo zebrafish and mouse models exhibited glucose intolerance, decreased peak GSIS, decreased expression of β-cell identity markers, increased insulin and glucagon co-staining cells, and reduced Tgfb2 and Smad2 expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate miR-21-mediated reduction of mRNAs specifying β-cell identity as a contributor to β-cell dysfunction by the loss of cellular differentiation.
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28
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Wang M, Yan Y, Zhang Z, Yao X, Duan X, Jiang Z, An J, Zheng P, Han Y, Wu H, Wang Z, Glauben R, Qin Z. Programmed PPAR-α downregulation induces inflammaging by suppressing fatty acid catabolism in monocytes. iScience 2021; 24:102766. [PMID: 34286232 PMCID: PMC8273418 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease. Monocytes are the principal immune cells for the production of inflammatory cytokines and contribute to inflammaging in the elderly. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that monocytes from aged individuals contained high levels of lipid droplets (LDs), and this increase was correlated with impaired fatty acid oxidation. Downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α may be responsible for the pro-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes in aged individuals, as it was positively correlated with LD accumulation and increasing TNF-α concentration. Interestingly, interventions that result in PPAR-α upregulation, such as fenofibrate treatment, TNF-α neutralization, or calorie restriction, reversed the effect of aging on monocytes. Thus the downregulation of PPAR-α and LD levels in monocytes represents a novel biomarker for inflammaging. Furthermore, PPAR-α activation in the elderly may also alleviate long-term inflammaging, preventing the development of life-limiting chronic diseases. Monocytes from aged individuals contained high levels of lipid droplets (LDs) Downregulated PPAR-α is responsible for the aged monocytes profiles TNF-α might accelerate monocyte aging by downregulating PPAR-α expression PPAR-α activation in the elderly may also alleviate long-term inflammaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhengguo Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Yao
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xixi Duan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ziming Jiang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng An
- School of Yunkang Medical and Health Management, Nanfang College of SUN Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou city, Guangdong 510970, China
| | - Peiguo Zheng
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yijie Han
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max-planck Research Group, University Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Medical Department for Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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Modular Lentiviral Vectors for Highly Efficient Transgene Expression in Resting Immune Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061170. [PMID: 34207354 PMCID: PMC8235771 DOI: 10.3390/v13061170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene/cell therapies are promising strategies for the many presently incurable diseases. A key step in this process is the efficient delivery of genes and gene-editing enzymes to many cell types that may be resistant to lentiviral vector transduction. Herein we describe tuning of a lentiviral gene therapy platform to focus on genetic modifications of resting CD4+ T cells. The motivation for this was to find solutions for HIV gene therapy efforts. Through selection of the optimal viral envelope and further modification to its expression, lentiviral fusogenic delivery into resting CD4+ T cells exceeded 80%, yet Sterile Alpha Motif and HD domain 1 (SAMHD1) dependent and independent intracellular restriction factors within resting T cells then dominate delivery and integration of lentiviral cargo. Overcoming SAMHD1-imposed restrictions, only observed up to 6-fold increase in transduction, with maximal gene delivery and expression of 35%. To test if the biologically limiting steps of lentiviral delivery are reverse transcription and integration, we re-engineered lentiviral vectors to simply express biologically active mRNA to direct transgene expression in the cytoplasm. In this setting, we observed gene expression in up to 65% of resting CD4+ T cells using unconcentrated MS2 lentivirus-like particles (MS2-LVLPs). Taken together, our findings support a gene therapy platform that could be readily used in resting T cell gene editing.
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30
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Barbera S, Lugano R, Pedalina A, Mongiat M, Santucci A, Tosi GM, Dimberg A, Galvagni F, Orlandini M. The C-type lectin CD93 controls endothelial cell migration via activation of the Rho family of small GTPases. Matrix Biol 2021; 99:1-17. [PMID: 34062268 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell migration is essential to angiogenesis, enabling the outgrowth of new blood vessels both in physiological and pathological contexts. Migration requires the activation of several signaling pathways, the elucidation of which expands the opportunity to develop new drugs to be used in antiangiogenic therapy. In the proliferating endothelium, the interaction between the transmembrane glycoprotein CD93 and the extracellular matrix activates signaling pathways that regulate cell adhesion, migration, and vascular maturation. Here we identify a pathway, comprising CD93, the adaptor proteins Cbl and Crk, and the small GTPases Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA, which we propose acts as a regulator of cytoskeletal movements responsible for endothelial cell migration. In this framework, phosphorylation of Cbl on tyrosine 774 leads to the interaction with Crk, which acts as a downstream integrator in the CD93-mediated signaling regulating cell polarity and migration. Moreover, confocal microscopy analyses of GTPase biosensors show that CD93 drives coordinated activation of Rho-proteins at the cell edge of migratory endothelial cells. In conclusion, together with the demonstration of the key contribution of CD93 to the migratory process in living cells, these findings suggest that the signaling triggered by CD93 converges to the activation and modulation of the Rho GTPase signaling pathways regulating cell dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Barbera
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alessia Pedalina
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mongiat
- Department of Research and Diagnosis, Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Tosi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Orlandini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy.
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31
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Molnár T, Pallagi P, Tél B, Király R, Csoma E, Jenei V, Varga Z, Gogolák P, Odile Hueber A, Máté Z, Erdélyi F, Szabó G, Pettkó-Szandtner A, Bácsi A, Virág L, Maléth J, Koncz G. Caspase-9 acts as a regulator of necroptotic cell death. FEBS J 2021; 288:6476-6491. [PMID: 33899329 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a regulated necrotic-like cell death modality which has come into the focus of attention since it is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and degenerative diseases as well as to tumor regulation. Based on current data, necroptosis serves as a backup mechanism when death receptor-induced apoptosis is inhibited or absent. However, the necroptotic role of the proteins involved in mitochondrial apoptosis has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that the stimulation of several death and pattern recognition receptors induced necroptosis under caspase-compromised conditions in wild-type, but not in caspase-9-negative human Jurkat and murine MEF cells. Cerulein-induced pancreatitis was significantly reduced in mice with acinar cell-restricted caspase-9 gene knockout. The absence of caspase-9 led to impaired association of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3 and resulted in decreased phosphorylation of RIP kinases, but the overexpression of RIPK1 or RIPK3 rescued the effect of caspase-9 deficiency. Inhibition of either Aurora kinase A (AURKA) or its known substrate, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3ß) restored necroptosis sensitivity of caspase-9-deficient cells, indicating an interplay between caspase-9 and AURKA-mediated pathways to regulate necroptosis. Our findings suggest that caspase-9 acts as a newly identified regulator of necroptosis, and thus, caspase-9 provides a promising therapeutic target to manipulate the immunological outcome of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Molnár
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Pallagi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Tél
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Király
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Csoma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Jenei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Varga
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Gogolák
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Máté
- Medical Gene Technology Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdélyi
- Medical Gene Technology Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Medical Gene Technology Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Koncz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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32
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Pan Y, Zhan L, Chen L, Chen L, Sun C. miR-660 promotes liver cancer cell proliferation by targeting PPP2R2A. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:683. [PMID: 33986848 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer (LC) is the leading cause for tumor-related death worldwide, and microRNAs (miRs) have been demonstrated to regulate the progression of LC. In the current study, the function of miR-660 in LC cells was investigated, and the results indicated that miR-660 was highly expressed in LC tissues and cells. This increased expression promoted LC cell proliferation and increased the percentage of S phase cells, while miR-660 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and increased the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells. A Ser/Thr phosphatase protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit βα (PPP2R2A) was indicated as the target of miR-660, and miR-660 could inhibit PPP2R2A levels. The luciferase reporter assay suggested that miR-660 directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of PPP2R2A. Additionally, it was revealed that miR-660 inhibited p21 expression and promoted cyclin D1 expression, confirming that miR-660 regulated LC cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle progression. The double knockdown of miR-660 and PPP2R2A promoted LC cell proliferation, suggesting that miR-660 promoted LC proliferation by targeting PPP2R2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhen Pan
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R China.,Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R China
| | - Liwen Chen
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R China
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R China
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33
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p53 mediates target gene association with nuclear speckles for amplified RNA expression. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1666-1681.e6. [PMID: 33823140 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear speckles are prominent nuclear bodies that contain proteins and RNA involved in gene expression. Although links between nuclear speckles and gene activation are emerging, the mechanisms regulating association of genes with speckles are unclear. We find that speckle association of p53 target genes is driven by the p53 transcription factor. Focusing on p21, a key p53 target, we demonstrate that speckle association boosts expression by elevating nascent RNA amounts. p53-regulated speckle association did not depend on p53 transactivation functions but required an intact proline-rich domain and direct DNA binding, providing mechanisms within p53 for regulating gene-speckle association. Beyond p21, a substantial subset of p53 targets have p53-regulated speckle association. Strikingly, speckle-associating p53 targets are more robustly activated and occupy a distinct niche of p53 biology compared with non-speckle-associating p53 targets. Together, our findings illuminate regulated speckle association as a mechanism used by a transcription factor to boost gene expression.
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34
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Yuan X, Shi L, Guo Y, Sun J, Miao J, Shi J, Chen Y. METTL3 Regulates Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament via the lncRNA XIST/miR-302a-3p/USP8 Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629895. [PMID: 33748113 PMCID: PMC7973222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is increasing, and currently there is no effective medical treatment for OPLL. Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), one of the components of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase complex, regulates gene expression via modification of mRNA. Although METTL3 has been implicated in a variety of diseases, its role in OPLL remains to be elucidated. Primary ligament fibroblasts were used in this study. To investigate the role of METTL3 in OPLL, METTL3 was silenced or overexpressed. m6A RNA methylation was measured by commercially available kits. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to investigate the binding of miR-302a-3p and METTL3, and the binding of miR-302a-3p and USP8. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blots were used to evaluate mRNA and protein expression, respectively. OPLL increases METTL3 and its m6A modification. Overexpressing METTL3 significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation of primary ligament fibroblasts. Mechanism study showed that METTL3 increased m6A methylation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST). Further study showed that lncRNA XIST regulates osteogenic differentiation of primary ligament fibroblasts via miR-302a-3p, which targets ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8). METTL3 enhanced osteogenic differentiation of primary ligament fibroblasts via the lncRNA XIST/miR-302a-3p/USP8 axis. The findings highlight the importance of METTL3-mediated m6A methylation of XIST in OPLL and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Yuan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfei Guo
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchuan Sun
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhao Miao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangang Shi
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Paliashvili K, Popov A, Kalber TL, Patrick PS, Hayes A, Henley A, Raynaud FI, Ahmed HU, Day RM. Peritumoral Delivery of Docetaxel-TIPS Microparticles for Prostate Cancer Adjuvant Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000179. [PMID: 34527807 PMCID: PMC8427470 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy is a consequence of incomplete tumor resection. Systemic chemotherapy after surgery is associated with significant toxicity. Improved delivery methods for toxic drugs capable of targeting positive resection margins can reduce tumor recurrence and avoid their known toxicity. This study evaluates the effectiveness and toxicity of docetaxel (DTX) release from highly porous biodegradable microparticles intended for delivery into the tissue cavity created during radical prostatectomy to target residual tumor cells. The microparticles, composed of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), are processed using thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and loaded with DTX via antisolvent precipitation. Sustained drug release and effective toxicity in vitro are observed against PC3 human prostate cells. Peritumoral injection in a PC3 xenograft tumor model results in tumor growth inhibition equivalent to that achieved with intravenous delivery of DTX. Unlike intravenous delivery of DTX, implantation of DTX-TIPS microparticles is not accompanied by toxicity or elevated systemic levels of DTX in organ tissues or plasma. DTX-TIPS microparticles provide localized and sustained release of nontoxic therapeutic amounts of DTX. This may offer novel therapeutic strategies for improving management of patients with clinically localized high-risk disease requiring radical prostatectomy and other solid cancers at high risk of positive resection margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketevan Paliashvili
- Centre for Precision HealthcareUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Alexander Popov
- Centre for Precision HealthcareUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - P. Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Angela Hayes
- Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and MetabolomicsCancer Research UK Cancer TherapeuticsUnit at The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Cancer Therapeutics15 Cotswold RoadSuttonLondonSM2 5NGUK
| | - Alan Henley
- Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and MetabolomicsCancer Research UK Cancer TherapeuticsUnit at The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Cancer Therapeutics15 Cotswold RoadSuttonLondonSM2 5NGUK
| | - Florence I. Raynaud
- Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and MetabolomicsCancer Research UK Cancer TherapeuticsUnit at The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Cancer Therapeutics15 Cotswold RoadSuttonLondonSM2 5NGUK
| | - Hashim U. Ahmed
- Division of SurgeryDepartment of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Richard M. Day
- Centre for Precision HealthcareUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
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36
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Luangwattananun P, Junking M, Sujjitjoon J, Wutti-In Y, Poungvarin N, Thuwajit C, Yenchitsomanus PT. Fourth-generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting folate receptor alpha antigen expressed on breast cancer cells for adoptive T cell therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:25-36. [PMID: 33389403 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-06032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of breast cancer (BC) by standard methods is effective in the early stage, but ineffective in the advanced stage of disease. To develop an adoptive T cell therapy for advanced and severe BC, we generated fourth-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting folate receptor alpha antigen (FRα) expressed on BC cells, and preclinically evaluated their anti-BC activities. METHODS The fourth-generation FRα-CAR T cells containing extracellular FRα-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and three intracellular costimulatory domains (CD28, 4-1BB, and CD27) linked to CD3ζ were generated using a lentiviral system, and then were evaluated for their anti-BC activities in two-dimensional and three-dimensional (spheroid) cultures. RESULTS When our fourth-generation FRα-CAR T cells were cocultured with FRα-expressing MDA-MB-231 BC cell line at an effector to target ratio of 20:1, these CAR T cells specifically lysed 88.7 ± 10.6% of the target cells. Interestingly, the cytotoxic lysis of FRα-CAR T cells was more pronounced in target cells with higher surface FRα expression. This specific cytotoxicity of the CAR T cells was not observed when cocultured with FRα-negative MCF10A normal breast-like cell line at the same ratio (34.3 ± 4.7%). When they were cocultured with MDA-MD-231 spheroid, the FRα-CAR T cells exhibited antitumor activity marked with spheroid size reduction and breakage. CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study thus shows the feasibility of using these fourth-generation FRα-CAR T cells for adoptive T cell therapy in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piriya Luangwattananun
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol, University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Mutita Junking
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand. .,Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol, University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Jatuporn Sujjitjoon
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol, University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Yupanun Wutti-In
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Naravat Poungvarin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand. .,Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol, University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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37
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Lehrich BM, Liang Y, Fiandaca MS. Foetal bovine serum influence on in vitro extracellular vesicle analyses. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12061. [PMID: 33532042 PMCID: PMC7830136 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Lehrich
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yaxuan Liang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural SciencesBeijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhaiChina
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38
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Urak RZ, Soemardy C, Ray R, Li S, Shevchenko G, Scott T, Lim L, Wang X, Morris KV. Conditionally Replicating Vectors Mobilize Chimeric Antigen Receptors against HIV. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 19:285-294. [PMID: 33102620 PMCID: PMC7569266 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an attractive target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy. CAR T cells have proved remarkably potent in targeted killing of cancer cells, and we surmised that CAR T cells could prove useful in eradicating HIV-infected cells. Toward this goal, we interrogate several neutralizing single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) that target different regions of the HIV envelope glycoprotein, gp120. We find here that CAR T cells with scFv from NIH45-46 antibody demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity. Although NIH45-46 CAR T cells are capable of eliminating antigen-expressing cells, we wanted to address HIV reactivation from ex vivo culture of HIV patient-derived CAR T cells. In order to capitalize on the HIV reactivation, we developed a conditionally replicating lentiviral vector (crLV). The crLV can hijack HIV machinery, forming a chimeric lentivirus (LV) instead of HIV and delivered to uninfected cells. We find that CAR T cells generated with crLVs have similar CAR-mediated functionality as traditional CARs. We also demonstrate crLVs' capability of expanding CAR percentage and protecting CD4 CAR T cell in HIV donors. Collectively, we demonstrate here that the novel crLV NIH45-46 CAR can serve as a strategy to combat HIV, as well as overcome HIV reactivation in CD4+ CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Z Urak
- Center for Gene Therapy, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Citradewi Soemardy
- Center for Gene Therapy, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Roslyn Ray
- City of Hope Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shirley Li
- City of Hope Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Galina Shevchenko
- Center for Gene Therapy, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tristan Scott
- Center for Gene Therapy, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Laura Lim
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kevin V Morris
- Center for Gene Therapy, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Hematological Malignancy and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
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39
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Abstract
Vimentin is one of the first cytoplasmic intermediate filaments to be expressed in mammalian cells during embryogenesis, but its role in cellular fitness has long been a mystery. Vimentin is acknowledged to play a role in cell stiffness, cell motility, and cytoplasmic organization, yet it is widely considered to be dispensable for cellular function and organismal development. Here, we show that Vimentin plays a role in cellular stress response in differentiating cells, by recruiting aggregates, stress granules, and RNA-binding proteins, directing their elimination and asymmetric partitioning. In the absence of Vimentin, pluripotent embryonic stem cells fail to differentiate properly, with a pronounced deficiency in neuronal differentiation. Our results uncover a novel function for Vimentin, with important implications for development, tissue homeostasis, and in particular, stress response.
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40
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Li L, Gao Y, Srivastava R, Wang W, Xiong Q, Fang Z, Pelayo A, Denson C, Goswami A, Harari-Steinfeld R, Yang Z, Weng L, Qi LS, Marincola FM. Lentiviral delivery of combinatorial CAR/CRISPRi circuit into human primary T cells is enhanced by TBK1/IKKɛ complex inhibitor BX795. J Transl Med 2020; 18:363. [PMID: 32967676 PMCID: PMC7510327 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive transfer of engineered immune cells is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, low transduction efficiency particularly when large payload lentiviral vectors are used on primary T cells is a limitation for the development of cell therapy platforms that include multiple constructs bearing long DNA sequences. RB-340-1 is a new CAR T cell that combines two strategies in one product through a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) circuit. Because multiple regulatory components are included in the circuit, RB-340-1 production needs delivery of two lentiviral vectors into human primary T cells, both containing long DNA sequences. To improve lentiviral transduction efficiency, we looked for inhibitors of receptors involved in antiviral response. BX795 is a pharmacological inhibitor of the TBK1/IKKɛ complex, which has been reported to augment lentiviral transduction of human NK cells and some cell lines, but it has not been tested with human primary T cells. The purpose of this study was to test if BX795 treatment promotes large payload RB-340-1 lentiviral transduction of human primary T cells. Methods To make the detection of gene delivery more convenient, we constructed another set of RB-340-1 constructs containing fluorescent labels named RB-340-1F. We incorporated BX795 treatment into the human primary T cell transduction procedure that was optimized for RB-340-1F. We tested BX795 with T cells collected from multiple donors, and detected the effect of BX795 on T cell transduction, phenotype, cell growth and cell function. Results We found that BX795 promotes RB-340-1F lentiviral transduction of human primary T cells, without dramatic change in cell growth and T cell functions. Meanwhile, BX795 treatment increased CD8+ T cell ratios in transduced T cells. Conclusions These results indicate that BX795 treatment is effective, and might be a safe approach to promote RB-340-1F lentiviral transduction of human primary T cells. This approach might also be helpful for other T cell therapy products that need delivery of complicated platform via large payload lentiviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- Refuge Biotechnologies Inc., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Yuan Gao
- Refuge Biotechnologies Inc., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Wei Wang
- Hangzhou Juwu Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinghui Xiong
- Hangzhou Juwu Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiming Fang
- Hangzhou Juwu Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhifen Yang
- Refuge Biotechnologies Inc., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Lihong Weng
- Hangzhou Juwu Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Stanley Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305
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Zaw Thin M, Allan H, Bofinger R, Kostelec TD, Guillaume S, Connell JJ, Patrick PS, Hailes HC, Tabor AB, Lythgoe MF, Stuckey DJ, Kalber TL. Multi-modal imaging probe for assessing the efficiency of stem cell delivery to orthotopic breast tumours. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16570-16585. [PMID: 32749427 PMCID: PMC7586303 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been utilised as anti-cancer agents due to their ability to home to and integrate within tumours. Methods to augment stem cell homing to tumours are being investigated with the goal of enhancing treatment efficacy. However, it is currently not possible to evaluate both cell localisation and cell viability after engraftment, hindering optimisation of therapy. In this study, luciferase-expressing human adipocyte-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were incubated with Indium-111 radiolabelled iron oxide nanoparticles to produce cells with tri-modal imaging capabilities. ADSCs were administered intravenously (IV) or intracardially (IC) to mice bearing orthotopic breast tumours. Cell fate was monitored using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) as a measure of cell viability, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for cell localisation and single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) for cell quantification. Serial monitoring with multi-modal imaging showed the presence of viable ADSCs within tumours as early as 1-hour post IC injection and the percentage of ADSCs within tumours to be 2-fold higher after IC than IV. Finally, histological analysis was used to validate engraftment of ADSC within tumour tissue. These findings demonstrate that multi-modal imaging can be used to evaluate the efficiency of stem cell delivery to tumours and that IC cell administration is more effective for tumour targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Zaw Thin
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Helen Allan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Robin Bofinger
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Tomas D Kostelec
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Simon Guillaume
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - John J Connell
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Alethea B Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Farhang N, Davis B, Weston J, Ginley-Hidinger M, Gertz J, Bowles RD. Synergistic CRISPRa-Regulated Chondrogenic Extracellular Matrix Deposition Without Exogenous Growth Factors. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1169-1179. [PMID: 32460686 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have shown promise for regenerative treatment for musculoskeletal conditions, but their success is mixed. To enhance regenerative effects, growth factors are utilized to induce differentiation into native cell types, but uncontrollable in vivo conditions inhibit differentiation, and precise control of expressed matrix proteins is difficult to achieve. To address these issues, we investigated a novel method of enhancing regenerative phenotype through direct upregulation of major cartilaginous tissue proteins, aggrecan (ACAN), and collagen II (COL2A1) using dCas9-VPR CRISPR gene activation systems. We demonstrated increased expression and deposition of targeted proteins independent of exogenous growth factors in pellet culture. Singular upregulation of COL2A1/ACAN interestingly indicates that COL2A1 upregulation mediates the highest sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) deposition, in addition to collagen II deposition. Through RNA-seq analysis, this was shown to occur by COL2A1 upregulation mediating broader chondrogenic gene expression changes. Multiplex upregulation of COL2A1 and ACAN together resulted in the highest sGAG, and collagen II deposition, with levels comparable to those in chondrogenic growth factor-differentiated pellets. Overall, this work indicates dCas9-VPR systems can robustly upregulate COL2A1 and ACAN deposition without growth factors, to provide a novel, precise method of controlling stem cell phenotype for cartilage and intervertebral disc cell therapies and tissue engineering. Impact statement Stem cell therapies have come about as a potential regenerative treatment for musculoskeletal disease, but clinically, they have mixed results. To improve stem cell therapies, growth factors are used to aid a regenerative cell phenotype, but their effects are inhibited by in vivo musculoskeletal disease environments. This article describes CRISPR gene activation-based cell engineering methods that provide a growth factor-free method of inducing chondrogenic extracellular matrix deposition. This method is demonstrated to be as/more potent as growth factors in inducing a chondrogenic phenotype in pellet culture, indicating potential utility as a method of enhancing stem cell therapies for musculoskeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Farhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bryton Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jacob Weston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robby D Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Radhakrishnan H, Javitz HS, Bhatnagar P. Lentivirus Manufacturing Process for Primary T-Cell Biofactory Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900288. [PMID: 32390316 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A process for maximizing the titer of lentivirus particles, deemed to be a necessity for transducing primary cells, is developed. Lentivirus particles, with a set of transgenes encoding an artificial cell-signaling pathway, are used to transform primary T cells as vectors for calibrated synthesis of desired proteins in situ, that is, T-cell biofactory cells. The process is also used to generate primary T cells expressing antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptors, that is, CAR T cells. The two differently engineered primary T cells are expanded and validated for their respective functions, that is, calibrated synthesis of desired proteins upon engaging the target cells, which is specific for the T-cell biofactory cells, and cytolysis of the target cells common to both types of cells. The process is compliant with current Good Manufacturing Practices and can be used to support the scale-up for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harold S Javitz
- Education Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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44
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Crawford KHD, Eguia R, Dingens AS, Loes AN, Malone KD, Wolf CR, Chu HY, Tortorici MA, Veesler D, Murphy M, Pettie D, King NP, Balazs AB, Bloom JD. Protocol and Reagents for Pseudotyping Lentiviral Particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein for Neutralization Assays. Viruses 2020; 12:E513. [PMID: 32384820 PMCID: PMC7291041 DOI: 10.3390/v12050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 enters cells using its Spike protein, which is also the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, assays to measure how antibodies and sera affect Spike-mediated viral infection are important for studying immunity. Because SARS-CoV-2 is a biosafety-level-3 virus, one way to simplify such assays is to pseudotype biosafety-level-2 viral particles with Spike. Such pseudotyping has now been described for single-cycle lentiviral, retroviral, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles, but the reagents and protocols are not widely available. Here, we detailed how to effectively pseudotype lentiviral particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike and infect 293T cells engineered to express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2. We also made all the key experimental reagents available in the BEI Resources repository of ATCC and the NIH. Furthermore, we demonstrated how these pseudotyped lentiviral particles could be used to measure the neutralizing activity of human sera or plasma against SARS-CoV-2 in convenient luciferase-based assays, thereby providing a valuable complement to ELISA-based methods that measure antibody binding rather than neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine H. D. Crawford
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (K.H.D.C.); (R.E.); (A.S.D.); (A.N.L.); (K.D.M.)
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rachel Eguia
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (K.H.D.C.); (R.E.); (A.S.D.); (A.N.L.); (K.D.M.)
| | - Adam S. Dingens
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (K.H.D.C.); (R.E.); (A.S.D.); (A.N.L.); (K.D.M.)
| | - Andrea N. Loes
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (K.H.D.C.); (R.E.); (A.S.D.); (A.N.L.); (K.D.M.)
| | - Keara D. Malone
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (K.H.D.C.); (R.E.); (A.S.D.); (A.N.L.); (K.D.M.)
| | - Caitlin R. Wolf
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.R.W.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.R.W.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - M. Alejandra Tortorici
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.A.T.); (D.V.); (N.P.K.)
- Institute Pasteur & CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris 75015, France
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.A.T.); (D.V.); (N.P.K.)
| | - Michael Murphy
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (M.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Deleah Pettie
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (M.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Neil P. King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.A.T.); (D.V.); (N.P.K.)
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (M.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Alejandro B. Balazs
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, the Massachusetts Institute Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Jesse D. Bloom
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (K.H.D.C.); (R.E.); (A.S.D.); (A.N.L.); (K.D.M.)
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
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Stem cell delivery to kidney via minimally invasive ultrasound-guided renal artery injection in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7514. [PMID: 32372054 PMCID: PMC7200714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are promising treatments for various kidney diseases. However, the major hurdle in initiating therapeutic responses is the inefficiency of injection routes to deliver cells to the kidney parenchyma. Systemic injection, such as intravenous injection only delivers a small proportion of cells to the kidney. Whereas direct delivery, such as renal artery injection requires surgical procedures. A minimally invasive renal artery injection was therefore developed to enhance cell delivery to kidney. In this study, luciferase expressing human adipocyte derived stem cells (ADSC) were labelled with gold nanorods (GNR) and injected into the renal artery using ultrasound guidance. The ADSCs were tracked using bioluminescence and photoacoustic imaging serially over 7 days. Imaging confirmed that the majority of signal was within the kidney, indicative of successful injection and that the cells remained viable for 3 days. Histology showed co-localization of GNRs with ADSC staining throughout the kidney with no indication of injury caused by injection. These findings demonstrate that ultrasound-guided renal artery injection is feasible in mice and can successfully deliver a large proportion of cells which are retained within the kidney for 3 days. Therefore, the techniques developed here will be useful for optimising cell therapy in kidney diseases.
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Rosales Gerpe MC, van Lieshout LP, Domm JM, van Vloten JP, Datu J, Ingrao JC, Yu DL, de Jong J, Moraes TJ, Krell PJ, Bridle BW, Wootton SK. Optimized Pre-Clinical Grade Production of Two Novel Lentiviral Vector Pseudotypes for Lung Gene Delivery. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:459-471. [PMID: 32000531 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung gene therapy requires efficient transduction of slow-replicating epithelia and stable expression of delivered transgenes in the respiratory tract. Lentiviral (LV) vectors have the ideal coding, expression, and transducing capacity required for gene therapy. A modified envelope glycoprotein from the Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus, termed Jenv, is well suited for LV-mediated lung gene therapy due to its inherent lung tropism. Here, two novel Jenv-pseudotyped LVs that effectively transduce lung tissue and yield titers similar to the gold standard, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVg)-pseudotyped LVs, were generated. As the concentration efficiency of LVs was found to depend on envelope pseudotype, a large-scale production method tailored for Jenv-pseudotyped LVs was developed and the most appropriate method of concentration was determined. In contrast to VSVg and Ebola virus glycoprotein-pseudotyped LVs, ultracentrifugation through a sucrose cushion drastically reduced the yield of Jenv LVs, whereas polyethylene glycol precipitation and tangential flow filtration (TFF) proved to be more suitable methods for concentrating Jenv LVs. Importantly, pressure during TFF was found to be crucial for increasing LV recovery. Finally, a unique mouse model was developed to test the suitability of these novel Jenv-pseudotyped LVs for use in lung gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Rosales Gerpe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Laura P van Lieshout
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jakob M Domm
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jodre Datu
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Joelle C Ingrao
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Darrick L Yu
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jondavid de Jong
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter J Krell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Abstract
A widely used third-generation lentiviral packaging system produces virus with enhanced biosafety by eliminating HIV accessory genes and separating packaging elements into three different plasmids. However, for certain vectors such as pLKO.1, third-generation safety features reduce lentiviral titers due to the lack of the accessory gene tat. Here we present a way to improve virus production and target gene knockdown with a modified pLKO.1 CMV pLKO.1C) vector and optimized packaging construct ratios. Replacing the pLKO.1 RSV promoter with the Cytomegalovirus promoter yielded an average of threefold higher titer than standard pLKO.1 packaged using the third-generation system, while optimizing the packaging vector ratios further increased titer and yielded an average of tenfold higher titer than pLKO.1 packaged with the second-generation system. Substituting the Rous Sarcoma Virus promoter of pLKO.1 with the Cytomegalovirus promoter dramatically enhanced virus production with the third-generation packaging system. Higher titers and improved target gene knockdown were achieved by optimizing the ratio of viral packaging constructs. This study suggests an approach to generate and deliver lentiviruses with maximized efficacy while maintaining biosafety.
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48
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Picanço-Castro V, Moço PD, Mizukami A, Vaz LD, de Souza Fernandes Pereira M, Silvestre RN, de Azevedo JTC, de Sousa Bomfim A, de Abreu Neto MS, Malmegrim KCR, Swiech K, Covas DT. Establishment of a simple and efficient platform for car-t cell generation and expansion: from lentiviral production to in vivo studies. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2019; 42:150-158. [PMID: 31676276 PMCID: PMC7248496 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adoptive transfer of T cells expressing a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has shown impressive response rates for the treatment of CD19 + B-cell malignancies in numerous clinical trials. The CAR molecule, which recognizes cell-surface tumor-associated antigen independently of human leukocyte antigen (HLA), is composed by one or more signaling molecules to activate genetically modified T cells for killing, proliferation, and cytokine production. Objectives In order to make this treatment available for a larger number of patients, we developed a simple and efficient platform to generate and expand CAR-T cells. Methods Our approach is based on a lentiviral vector composed by a second-generation CAR that signals through a 41BB and CD3-ζ endodomain. Conclusions In this work, we show a high-level production of the lentiviral vector, which was successfully used to generate CAR-T cells. The CAR-T cells produced were highly cytotoxic and specific against CD19+ cells in vitro and in vivo, being able to fully control disease progression in a xenograft B-cell lymphoma mouse model. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of producing CAR-T cells in an academic context and can serve as a paradigm for similar institutions. Nevertheless, the results presented may contribute favoring the translation of the research to the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Picanço-Castro
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Hemocentro, Centro de Terapia Celular CTC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Diego Moço
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Hemocentro, Centro de Terapia Celular CTC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Mizukami
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Hemocentro, Centro de Terapia Celular CTC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Delfini Vaz
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Hemocentro, Centro de Terapia Celular CTC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Nacasaki Silvestre
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Hemocentro, Centro de Terapia Celular CTC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aline de Sousa Bomfim
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Hemocentro, Centro de Terapia Celular CTC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Kelen Cristina Ribeiro Malmegrim
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Hemocentro, Centro de Terapia Celular CTC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto da Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), SP, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Hemocentro, Centro de Terapia Celular CTC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto da Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), SP, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Hemocentro, Centro de Terapia Celular CTC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Ribeirão Preto (FMRP-USP), SP, Brazil
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Sano S, Wang Y, Evans MA, Yura Y, Sano M, Ogawa H, Horitani K, Doviak H, Walsh K. Lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing for the Study of Hematopoietic Cells in Disease Models. J Vis Exp 2019:10.3791/59977. [PMID: 31633690 PMCID: PMC7249700 DOI: 10.3791/59977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulating genes in hematopoietic stem cells using conventional transgenesis approaches can be time-consuming, expensive, and challenging. Benefiting from advances in genome editing technology and lentivirus-mediated transgene delivery systems, an efficient and economical method is described here that establishes mice in which genes are manipulated specifically in hematopoietic stem cells. Lentiviruses are used to transduce Cas9-expressing lineage-negative bone marrow cells with a guide RNA (gRNA) targeting specific genes and a red fluorescence reporter gene (RFP), then these cells are transplanted into lethally-irradiated C57BL/6 mice. Mice transplanted with lentivirus expressing non-targeting gRNA are used as controls. Engraftment of transduced hematopoietic stem cells are evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of RFP-positive leukocytes of peripheral blood. Using this method, ~90% transduction of myeloid cells and ~70% of lymphoid cells at 4 weeks after transplantation can be achieved. Genomic DNA is isolated from RFP-positive blood cells, and portions of the targeted site DNA are amplified by PCR to validate the genome editing. This protocol provides a high-throughput evaluation of hematopoiesis-regulatory genes and can be extended to a variety of mouse disease models with hematopoietic cell involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Sano
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Ying Wang
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Megan A Evans
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Yoshimitsu Yura
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Miho Sano
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Hayato Ogawa
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Keita Horitani
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Heather Doviak
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine;
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50
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Timmins LM, Patel RS, Teryek MS, Parekkadan B. Real-time transfer of lentiviral particles by producer cells using an engineered coculture system. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:1019-1031. [PMID: 31515650 PMCID: PMC6787137 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviruses are quite effective gene delivery systems for stable production of genetically engineered human cells. However, prior to using lentivirus to deliver genetic materials to cells of interest, the normal course of production of these lentiviruses involves a lengthy collection, purification, preservation, and quantification process. In this report, we demonstrate the ability for producer HEK293T cells to simultaneously produce lentiviral particles and transduce (i.e., infect) target cells through a membrane-based coculture system in a continuous, real-time mode which negates the need for a separate viral collection and quantification process. The coculture system was evaluated for major design features such as variations in HEK293T seeding density, target cell type densities, as well as membrane porosities to identify key relationships between lentiviral particle production rate and infection kinetics for adherent and suspension cell types. As a proof-of-concept for the creation of an engineered cell immunotherapy, we describe the ability to engineer human T cells isolated from PBMCs under the control of this coculture system in under 6 days with a GFP construct. These studies suggest the capability to combine and more closely automate the transfection/transduction process in order to facilitate well-timed and cost-effective transduction of target cell types. These experiments provide novel insight into the forthcoming transition into improved manufacturing systems for viral production and subsequent cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Timmins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08902, USA
| | - Riya S Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08902, USA
| | - Matthew S Teryek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08902, USA
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08902, USA.
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