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Kim H, Kim M, Oh S, Hwang Y, Choe JS. Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction from Ginger ( Zingiber officinale) Leaf and Its Immune-Stimulating Effects on Macrophages. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:228-236. [PMID: 38974589 PMCID: PMC11223925 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The ginger leaves contain terpenoids and phenolic compounds, such as gingerol and shogaol, which exert various physiological effects. This study focused on determining the optimal conditions for an enzyme (Ultimase MFC) extraction to enhance the bioactive components of underutilized ginger leaves using the response surface method. The extracted material was evaluated in terms of its yield and antioxidant capacity (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). As a result, the optimal conditions included an enzyme concentration of 0.1% (v/v), a liquid-solid ratio of 33.939 mL/g, and an extraction time of 4 h. The optimized conditions resulted in an improvement in yield and antioxidant capacity, except for the total phenolic content of ginger leaves, when compared to the reference control extract. Additionally, the possibility of improving immunity was confirmed as nitric oxide and cytokines increased in macrophage cells compared with non-treatment control. Therefore, these extraction conditions enhance the potential industrial value of ginger leaves and underscore their promise as a natural ingredient for functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbi Kim
- Division of Functional Food and Nutrition, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Division of Functional Food and Nutrition, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonbuk 55069, Korea
| | - Yujin Hwang
- Division of Functional Food and Nutrition, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Choe
- Division of Functional Food and Nutrition, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
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Xiang S, Jian Q, Chen W, Xu Q, Li J, Wang C, Wang R, Zhang D, Lin J, Zheng C. Pharmacodynamic components and mechanisms of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117733. [PMID: 38218504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginger is a "medicine-food homology" natural herb and has a longstanding medicinal background in treating intestinal diseases. Its remarkable bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, flora regulatory, intestinal protective, and anticancer properties, make it a promising natural medicine for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention and treatment. AIM OF THE REVIEW The purpose is to review the relevant literature on ginger and pharmacodynamic components for CRC prevention and treatment, summarize the possible mechanisms of ginger from clinical studies and animal and in vitro experiments, to provide theoretical support for the use of ginger preparations in the daily prevention and clinical treatment of CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literatures about ginger and CRC were searched from electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). RESULTS This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms of ginger and its pharmacodynamic components in the prevention and treatment of CRC, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, flora regulatory, intestinal protective, inhibit CRC cell proliferation, induce CRC cell cycle blockage, promote CRC cell apoptosis, suppress CRC cell invasion and migration, enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. CONCLUSIONS Ginger has potential for daily prevention and clinical treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Xiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Qin Jian
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Wu Chen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jia Li
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Chuchu Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Rongrong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Elarabany N, Hamad A, Alzamel NM. Antitumor and Phytochemical Properties of Ferula assa-foetida L. Oleo-Gum-Resin against HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro and in a Xenograft Mouse Model. Molecules 2023; 28:8012. [PMID: 38138502 PMCID: PMC10746072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently occurring tumors. Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin (OGR) extract is a traditional cooking spice known for its broad spectrum of biological activities such as antifungal, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study evaluated the antitumor effect of OGR extract against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. The OGR chemical composition was analyzed using LC-ESI-MS/MS; MTT, clonogenic assays, and a xenograft model were used to measure cytotoxicity, while apoptotic proteins were detected using Western blotting. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the extract was a rich source of isoflavones, xanthones, and other derivatives. In a dose-dependent manner, the OGR extract significantly inhibited colony formation ability and HT-29 cell growth (IC50 was 3.60 ± 0.02 and 10.5 ± 0.1 mg/mL, respectively). On the other hand, the OGR extract significantly induced apoptosis and increased the expression of some pro-death proteins involved in cellular apoptosis including PUMA, BIM, BIK, and BAK. Moreover, in a subcutaneous HT-29 xenograft model, the tumor volume and burden decreased after treatment with the OGR extract (550 ± 32 mm3 and 16.3 ± 3.6, respectively) This study demonstrated that Ferula assa-foetida OGR ethanolic extract has potential antitumor effects against HT-29 CRC cell lines by reducing cell viability and the function of apoptosis. More studies are needed to reveal the underlying mechanisms related to cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Elarabany
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Abeer Hamad
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, College of Applied and Industrial Science, Bahri University, Khartoum 1660, Sudan
| | - Nurah M. Alzamel
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
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Khdary NH, Alangari AA, Katubi KM, Alanazi M, Alhassan A, Alzahrani SD, Khan Z, Alanazi IO. Synthesis of Gingerol-Metals Complex and in-vitro Cytotoxic Activity on Human Colon Cancer Cell Line. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:87-98. [PMID: 36733670 PMCID: PMC9888304 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s391546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herbs are excellent sources of medicinal substances, and their curative abilities have been recognized to treat many ailments and are used for example as antioxidants, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, antipyretics, and many other medicinal uses. The properties of natural compounds and their health effects have been studied extensively, especially those that originate from plant sources such as ginger. The ginger plant contains many chemical compounds, such as 6-gingerol, which is characterized by containing active groups such as carbonyl and hydroxide, which can be attached to metal molecules. This is what was done in this study, where the formation of complexes with a group of metals was studied and their effect on cancer cells was investigated. These complexes will open new horizons for further study of medicinal uses. Methods The synthesis of gingerol-metal complexes was carried out by conjugating gingerol molecules with Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn metal ions. The extracted gingerol was transferred to culture tubes and deionized water-DMSO were added followed by sonication. The tubes were incubated at 90°C for two days as well as the control sample. The samples were then filtered and the complex solutions were transferred into new tubes for further studies. Different characterization techniques such as FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, FESEM, and EDX are used to confirm the formation of the complexes. The in vitro of the complexes was tested by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay against the human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 which exhibited strong cytotoxicity. Results The gingerol-metal complexes showed an enhancement as an anticancer agent compared to the control. The in vitro anticancer activity showed that the Ag-gingerol complex showed the most activity among the other complexes. Discussion Gingerol-metal complexes can inhibit cancer cells, noting that the potency of the complex depends on the type of metal used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezar H Khdary
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Nezar H Khdary, Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +966-114814236, Email
| | | | - Khadijah M Katubi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alanazi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alhassan
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami D Alzahrani
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim O Alanazi
- Institute of Materials Science, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Ibrahim O Alanazi, Aging institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +966114813289, Email
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Hsu CM, Su HC, Yang MY, Tsai YT, Tsai MS, Yang YH, Wu CY, Chang SF. 6-shogaol is a potential treatment for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:238-246. [PMID: 36794162 PMCID: PMC9925991 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.80542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Natural products in diet have shown a potential role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a great candidate because of its properties of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer, but little is known about its effect on head and neck cancer. 6-Shogaol is an active compound derived from Ginger. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the possible anticancer effects of 6-shogaol, a major ginger derivate, on head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and the underlying mechanisms. Material and Methods: Two HNSCC cell lines, SCC4 and SCC25, were used in this study. Both SCC4 and SCC25 cells were kept as control or treated with 6-shogaol for 8 and 24 hours and then the cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression of treated cells were examined by PI and Annexin V-FITC double stain and flow cytometry analysis. The Cleaved caspase 3, phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38 kinases were examined by Western blot analysis. Results: The results showed that 6-shogaol significantly initiated the G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis to inhibit the survival of both cell lines. Moreover, these responses could be regulated by ERK1/2 and p38 signaling. And, finally, we also demonstrated that 6-shogaol could enhance the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in HNSCC cells. Conclusion: Our data provided new insights to understand the potential pharmaceutical efficacy of a ginger derivate, 6-shogaol, in antagonizing HNSCC survival. The present study suggests that 6-shogaol is a potential novel candidate for anti-HNSCCs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Su
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Te Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, No 6, Sec. West, Jiapu Rd., Puzi-City, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
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6
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Gao Y, Lu Y, Zhang N, Udenigwe CC, Zhang Y, Fu Y. Preparation, pungency and bioactivity of gingerols from ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2708-2733. [PMID: 36135317 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ginger has been widely used for different purposes, such as condiment, functional food, drugs, and cosmetics. Gingerols, the main pungent component in ginger, possess a variety of bioactivities. To fully understand the significance of gingerols in the food and pharmaceutical industry, this paper first recaps the composition and physiochemical properties of gingerols, and the major extraction and synthesis methods. Furthermore, the pungency and bioactivity of gingerols are reviewed. In addition, the food application of gingerols and future perspectives are discussed. Gingerols, characterized by a 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl moiety, are divided into gingerols, shogaols, paradols, zingerone, gingerdiones and gingerdiols. At present, gingerols are extracted by conventional, innovative, and integrated extraction methods, and synthesized by chemical, biological and in vitro cell synthesis methods. Gingerols can activate transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and induce signal transduction, thereby exhibiting its pungent properties and bioactivity. By targeted mediation of various cell signaling pathways, gingerols display potential anticancer, antibacterial, blood glucose regulatory, hepato- and renal-protective, gastrointestinal regulatory, nerve regulatory, and cardiovascular protective effects. This review contributes to the application of gingerols as functional ingredients in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Gao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujia Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Chibuike C Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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7
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Sun W, Zhang J, Xu Q, Zhou X, Mao L. Ferroptosis in colorectal cancer: Potential mechanisms and effective therapeutic targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Medicinal plants with anti-colorectal cancer bioactive compounds: Potential game-changers in colorectal cancer management. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113383. [PMID: 35820316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Development and identification of molecular compounds capable of killing or inhibiting transformed cells promoting carcinogenesis without inducing toxic effects to the normal cells are of utmost significance. A systematic review was conducted in screening for important literature was extensively performed by searching the Web of Science, Ovid, BMC Springer, Elsevier, Embase, and MEDLINE databases for optimum selectivity. Google Scholar was also used to supplement information. Pharmacotherapeutic biomolecules active against colon cancer carcinogenesis in Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana (bananas), Punica granatum L (pomegranate), Glycine max (Soybean), Brassica oleracea L var. italica Plenck (Broccoli), and Hibiscus rosa-sinesis and Hibiscus sabdariffa (hibiscus) were evaluated. Signaling pathways like phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (AKT), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) correlate the mediation of COX-2 expression. Increased levels of COX-2 are correlated with the occurrence and progression of colon cancer. Natural antioxidants in herbal plants including polyphenols and carotenoids inhibit the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and thereby preventing the initiation of oxidizing chain reactions. These bioactive compounds should be considered an important dietary supplement.
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Hossain MS, Kader MA, Goh KW, Islam M, Khan MS, Harun-Ar Rashid M, Ooi DJ, Melo Coutinho HD, Al-Worafi YM, Moshawih S, Lim YC, Kibria KMK, Ming LC. Herb and Spices in Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865801. [PMID: 35846992 PMCID: PMC9280164 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly cancer worldwide. CRC management is challenging due to late detection, high recurrence rate, and multi-drug resistance. Herbs and spices used in cooking, practised for generations, have been shown to contain CRC protective effect or even be useful as an anti-CRC adjuvant therapy when used in high doses. Herbs and spices contain many bioactive compounds and possess many beneficial health effects. The chemopreventive properties of these herbs and spices are mainly mediated by the BCL-2, K-ras, and MMP pathways, caspase activation, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and the regulation of ER-stress-induced apoptosis. As a safer natural alternative, these herbs and spices could be good candidates for chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents for CRC management because of their antiproliferative action on colorectal carcinoma cells and inhibitory activity on angiogenesis. Therefore, in this narrative review, six different spices and herbs: ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), and flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) used in daily cuisine were selected for this study and analyzed for their chemoprotective or chemotherapeutic roles in CRC management with underlying molecular mechanisms of actions. Initially, this study comprehensively discussed the molecular basis of CRC development, followed by culinary and traditional uses, current scientific research, and publications of selected herbs and spices on cancers. Lead compounds have been discussed comprehensively for each herb and spice, including anti-CRC phytoconstituents, antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory properties, and finally, anti-CRC effects with treatment mechanisms. Future possible works have been suggested where applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sanower Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Sristy College of Tangail, Tangail, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Sanower Hossain, ; Long Chiau Ming,
| | - Md. Abdul Kader
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | | | - Md. Sharif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Harun-Ar Rashid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Der Jiun Ooi
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular—LMBM, Universidade Regional Do Cariri, URCA, Crato, Brazil
| | - Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
- College of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Amran, Yemen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Ya Chee Lim
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - K. M. Kaderi Kibria
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- *Correspondence: Md. Sanower Hossain, ; Long Chiau Ming,
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AL-ataby IA, Talib WH. Daily Consumption of Lemon and Ginger Herbal Infusion Caused Tumor Regression and Activation of the Immune System in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer. Front Nutr 2022; 9:829101. [PMID: 35495945 PMCID: PMC9043650 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.829101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet includes the consumption of various fruits and vegetables. Lemon and ginger are highly popular in Mediterranean cuisine. The current study aims to evaluate both anticancer and immunomodulatory activities of lemon and ginger combination. The antiproliferative activities of the combination were tested against different cancer cell lines using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The degree of apoptosis induction and vascular endothelial growth factor expression were detected using ELISA. Balb/C mice were inoculated with the EMT6/P breast cancer cells and received combination water extract orally for 14 days. The effect of the water extract on splenocytes proliferation was measured using the mitogen proliferation assay. Macrophage function was evaluated using the nitro blue tetrazolium assay and pinocytosis was assessed using the neutral red method. Gas chromatography coupled to the tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the composition of the combination. The lemon and ginger combination showed significant apoptosis induction and angiogenesis suppression effects. Fifty percent of the mice taking this combination did not develop tumors with a percentage of tumor reduction of 32.8%. This combination showed a potent effect in stimulating pinocytosis. Alpha-pinene and α-terpineol were detected in high percentages in the combination water extract. The lemon and ginger combination represents promising options to develop anticancer infusions for augmenting conventional anticancer therapies. Further testing is required to understand the exact molecular mechanisms of this combination.
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Patel P, Patel V, Modi A, Kumar S, Shukla YM. Phyto-factories of anti-cancer compounds: a tissue culture perspective. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is one of the most critical but ubiquitous causes of death grappled from past decades. Widely used chemotherapy with cytotoxic activity blocks/ kills the cancer cell. The compounds targeted for anticancerous activity are either derived synthetically or naturally (through plants or microbial origin). Current day, versatile role of plants in medicinal field has been attributed to the secondary metabolites it produces, known for their anticancer activity. Therefore, discovery, identification and commercial production of such novel anticancer drugs is escalated and are centerpiece for pharmaceuticals.
Main body
A biotechnological approach, principally tissue culture, leads the candidacy to be an alternative method for production of anticancer compounds. A wide range of bioactive agents like alkaloids, steroids, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids are in huge demand commercially. Plant tissue culture applications are constructively more advantageous over conventional methods in terms of their continuous, controlled, aseptic production, large scale and de novo synthesis opportunity. Various bioreactors are used for mass cultivation of bioactive compound at commercial level. For example: stirred tank reactors are used for production of shikonin from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, vincristine from Catharanthus roseus, podophyllotoxin from Podophyllum etc. Strategies like callus culture, suspension culture and hairy root culture are opted for mass cultivation of these bioactives.
Conclusions
This review summarizes plant tissue culture as a promising strategy proven to be a colossal breakthrough in reliable and continuous production of existing and novel anticancer compounds and help in combating the increasing future demands.
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Identification of Five Flavonoid Compounds from the Remaining Ginger Powder Purified by Using High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography and Their Bioactivity. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Safriani N, Rungkat FZ, Yuliana ND, Prangdimurti E. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activities of Select Indonesian Vegetables, Herbs, and Spices on Human Lymphocytes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:6340476. [PMID: 33748265 PMCID: PMC7960050 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6340476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Edible plants have attracted increasing attention as functional foods as they are rich in bioactive compounds with health benefits, including antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. However, scientific evidence of these health effects is limited. This study is aimed at determining antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of 25 select vegetables, herbs, and spices commonly consumed in Indonesia. Phytochemical profiles were determined by measuring total flavonoid content and 1H-NMR. Human blood lymphocyte cells were used to probe the immunomodulatory potency and treated with the methanol extract of these vegetables, herbs, and spices. The results showed the enhanced propensity for all tested plant extracts to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation, except Pandanus amaryllifolius. Etlingera elatior, Ocimum xcitriodorum, Kaempferia galanga, and Apium graveolens had the highest lymphocyte cell proliferation stimulation index (SI) at concentrations of 41.67, 16.67, 4.17, and 2.5 mg/mL culture, respectively (SI 2.21 ± 0.05, 2.62 ± 0.12, 3 ± 0.05, and 2.64 ± 0.07, respectively). The NMR spectra of these four most potent plants showed low peaks in the aromatic/phenolic area and several other peaks indicating the presence of terpenoid, steroid, amino acid, and sugar compounds. The results demonstrate the immunomodulatory potential of all vegetables, herbs, and spices, except P. amaryllifolius, although this potential did not necessarily correlate with flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, this research showed promising health effect, particularly immunomodulation, of the various local plants. Further elaboration on the specific immunomodulatory activity will be interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novi Safriani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Indonesia
- Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia
| | - Fransiska Zakaria Rungkat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Indonesia
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Indonesia
| | - Endang Prangdimurti
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Indonesia
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Zhang M, Zhao R, Wang D, Wang L, Zhang Q, Wei S, Lu F, Peng W, Wu C. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and its bioactive components are potential resources for health beneficial agents. Phytother Res 2021; 35:711-742. [PMID: 32954562 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberacae), commonly known as ginger, is a perennial and herbaceous plant with long cultivation history. Ginger rhizome is one of the most popular food spices with unique pungent flavor and is prescribed as a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine. To date, over 160 constituents, including volatile oil, gingerol analogues, diarylheptanoids, phenylalkanoids, sulfonates, steroids, and monoterpenoid glycosides compounds, have been isolated and identified from ginger. Increasing evidence has revealed that ginger possesses a broad range of biological activities, especially gastrointestinal-protective, anti-cancer, and obesity-preventive effects. In addition, gingerol analogues such as 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol can be rapidly eliminated in the serum and detected as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Structural variation would be useful to improve the metabolic characteristics and bioactivities of lead compounds derived from ginger. Furthermore, some clinical trials have indicated that ginger can be consumed for attenuating nausea and vomiting during early pregnancy; however, there is not sufficient data available to rule out its potential toxicity, which should be monitored especially over longer periods. This review provides an up-to-date understanding of the scientific evidence on the development of ginger and its active compounds as health beneficial agents in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujun Wei
- Basic Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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15
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Mahomoodally MF, Aumeeruddy MZ, Rengasamy KRR, Roshan S, Hammad S, Pandohee J, Hu X, Zengin G. Ginger and its active compounds in cancer therapy: From folk uses to nano-therapeutic applications. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 69:140-149. [PMID: 31412298 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ginger is a spice that is renowned for its characteristic aromatic fragrance and pungent taste, with documented healing properties. Field studies conducted in several Asian and African countries revealed that ginger is used traditionally in the management of cancer. The scientific community has probed into the biological validation of its extracts and isolated compounds including the gingerols, shogaols, zingiberene, and zingerone, through in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Nonetheless, an updated compilation of these data together with a deep mechanistic approach is yet to be provided. Accordingly, this review highlights the mechanisms and therapeutics of ginger and its bioactive compounds focused on a cancer context and these evidence are based on the (i) cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines, (ii) enzyme inhibitory action, (iii) combination therapy with chemotherapeutic and phenolic compounds, (iv) possible links to the microbiome and (v) the use of nano-formulations of ginger bioactive compounds as a more effective drug delivery strategy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - M Z Aumeeruddy
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Bionanotechnology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - S Roshan
- Deccan School of Pharmacy, Darussalam, Aghapura, Hyderabad, 500001, Telangana, India
| | - S Hammad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - J Pandohee
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius; Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Xuebo Hu
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - G Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Turkey
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16
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Malami I, Jagaba NM, Abubakar IB, Muhammad A, Alhassan AM, Waziri PM, Yakubu Yahaya IZ, Mshelia HE, Mathias SN. Integration of medicinal plants into the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of cancer in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04830. [PMID: 32939417 PMCID: PMC7479351 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore and record various medicinal plants integrated into the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of cancer. The traditional system of medicine is a routine practiced among the indigenous ethnic groups of Sokoto state. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed and used for data collection around the selected Local Government Areas. A substantial number of plant species were identified, recorded, and collected for preservation. Data collected for each specie was analysed to assess its frequent use among the medicinal plants. A total of 67 species belonging to 31 families have been identified and recorded. Out of the 473 frequency of citation (FC), Acacia nilotica was the most frequently cited specie (32 FC, 64% FC, 0.6 RFC), followed by Guiera senegalensis (27 FC, 54% FC, 0.5 RFC), Erythrina sigmoidea (17 FC, 34% FC, 0.3 RFC), and subsequently Combretum camporum (15 FC, 30% FC, 0.3 RFC). The most common parts of the plants used include the barks (55.2%), the roots (53.2%), and the leaves (41.8%). Additionally, decoction (74.6%), powdered form (49.3%), and maceration (46.3%) are the most frequently used mode of preparation. The historical knowledge of a traditional system of medicine practiced by the native traditional healers of Sokoto for the treatment of cancer has been documented. The present study further provides a baseline for future pharmacological investigations into the beneficial effects of such medicinal plants for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Nasiru Muhammad Jagaba
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 810271, Nigeria
| | - Alhassan Muhammad Alhassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Peter Maitama Waziri
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, PMB 2336, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Zakiyya Yakubu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Halilu Emmanuel Mshelia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Nefy Mathias
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Wu Q, Dai T, Song J, Liu X, Song S, Li L, Liu J, Pugazhendhi A, Jacob JA. Effects of herbal and mushroom formulations used in Traditional Chinese Medicine on in vitro human cancer cell lines at the preclinical level: An empirical review of the cell killing mechanisms. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bioassay-Guided Isolation and HPLC Quantification of Antiproliferative Metabolites from Stahlianthus Thorelii. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030551. [PMID: 32012805 PMCID: PMC7038115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In folk medicine, Stahlianthus thorelii Gagnep. has been used to treat diseases related to inflammation, ulcers, and cancer. There are no reports concerning the chemical components and bioactivities of S. thorelii; thus, this study aims to explore the phytochemicals, quantify the main compounds, and test the anticancer activity of isolates from S. thorelii. Dried rhizomes were extracted with 95% ethanol and, then, partitioned, fractionated, and isolated. On the basis of the result of the antiproliferative activity of the fractions, seven isolates were yielded and were identified by spectroscopic analyses. The inhibition of cancer proliferation was determined by an MTT assay and the deployed IC50 to value their efficacy. Seven compounds containing one new C-benzylated dihydrochalcone derivative, thorechalcone A (1) and 2–7 were isolated from S. thorelii. In terms of the bioactivity, compounds 1 and 3 displayed promising antiproliferative activity (WiDr, A549, and HepG2), with IC50 values <40 µM. The HPLC-UV method of quantification of two major compounds (3 and 4) was also validated. This study presented the isolations of antiproliferative potentials of new chalcone and known flavonoid derivatives from S. thorelii. The validated simple, accurate, and rapid HPLC method could be deployed for the quality control of herbal drugs.
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19
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Gan H, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Zheng L, Xie X, Veeraraghavan VP, Mohan SK. Zingerone induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 cells and prevents 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in experimental rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22387. [PMID: 31476248 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prevalent of tumoregenesis in women and reports for the maximum mortality and morbidity in the global. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is the mainly widespread spice and herbal remedies used in the world. Since antique periods, ginger has been used in Greece, India and China for the curing of upset stomach, nausea, diarrhea, colds, and headaches. The current work was planned to explore the anticancer properties of zingerone (ZO) toward 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-treated mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and MCF-7 mammary cancer cells. The mammary carcinogenesis was produced through a single dosage of DMBA (20 mg/kg bwt) mixed in soya oil (1 mL) administrated intragastrically with a gavage. We found improved concentrations of lipid peroxidation (LOOH and TBARS), carcinoembryonic antigen, lowered levels of enzymatic (CAT, GPx, and SOD), and nonenzymatic (vitamin E, GSH, and vitamin C) antioxidant in mammary tissues and plasma of DMBA-induced cancer bearing animals. Moreover, augmented concentrations of phase I (Cyt-b5 and CYP450 ) and reduced levels of phase II (GR and GST) detoxification microsomal proteins in mammary tissues were noticed. ZO administrations significantly reverted back to all these parameters in this way, showing efficient of anticancer effect. Furthermore, our in vitro study also supported the anticancer effect of the treatment of ZO were noticed loss of cell viability, improved reactive oxygen species formation, and reduced MMP. Furthermore, the status of apoptosis proteins such as Bcl-2, Bax, and Bid expressions was determined by using Western blot analysis techniques. Overall, these results proposed the anticancer effect of ZO toward DMBA-induced mammary cancer in SD animals and Michigan cancer foundation-7 mammary cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Gan
- Medical College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Medical College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qingyun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lierui Zheng
- Medical College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xie
- Medical College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Applied Medical Sciences - Jubail (CAMSJ), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Al Hroob AM, Abukhalil MH, Alghonmeen RD, Mahmoud AM. Ginger alleviates hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis and protects rats against diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:381-389. [PMID: 29966984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, the potential protective effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome extract on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis was investigated. An experimental diabetic rat model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were treated orally with 400 or 800 mg/kg/day Z. officinale extract for six weeks. Diabetic animals exhibited elevated blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with altered lipid profile. Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and urea, and urine albumin levels were significantly increased in diabetic rats. Treatment with Z. officinale ameliorated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and kidney function. In addition, Z. officinale minimized the histological alterations in the kidney of diabetic rats. Chronic hyperglycemia resulted in a significant increase in malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, pro-inflammatory cytokines, cytochrome c and caspase-3 in the kidney of rats. Z. officinale extract significantly attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and enhanced antioxidant defenses in the diabetic kidney. In conclusion, this study strongly suggests that Z. officinale rhizome extract exerts a protective role against diabetes-induced renal injury by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Al Hroob
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan
| | | | - Reham D Alghonmeen
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
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Association of herbal/botanic supplement use with quality of life, recurrence, and survival in newly diagnosed stage II colon cancer patients: A 2-y follow-up study. Nutrition 2018; 54:1-6. [PMID: 29674230 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to investigate the association between herbal/botanic supplement use and perceived quality of life (QoL), cancer recurrence, and all-cause mortality in colon cancer patients. METHODS Patients (n = 453) newly diagnosed with stage II adenocarcinoma of the colon between 2009 and 2011 were recruited from the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry. Data including demographic variables, herbal medicine use and frequency, lifestyle, diet, cancer treatment, and QoL were collected by interviews at diagnosis (baseline) and 1 and 2 y after diagnosis. Mortality information was obtained via the National Death Index. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal (FACT-C) and Medical Outcomes Short Form 12 (SF-12) were used to evaluate QoL. RESULTS At baseline, herbal/botanic supplement users were more likely to have a healthier lifestyle than non-users, including more physical activity (P <0.01), more fruit and vegetable consumption (P = 0.01), less smoking (P <0.01), and less energy intake from fat (P = 0.02). After adjustment for potential confounders, no significant association was found between herbal/botanic supplement use and QoL assessed by FACT-C and SF-12. Similarly, herbal/botanic supplement use was not associated with the risk of recurrence, all-cause mortality or the combined. CONCLUSION In this study, patients with stage II colon cancer using herbal/botanic supplements had no significant improvement in their QoL and no difference in odds of colon cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality over 2 y after diagnosis compared with those who did not use herbs/botanicals. Further studies are warranted to confirm the findings and to focus on types of herbal/botanic supplements.
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El-Ashmawy NE, Khedr NF, El-Bahrawy HA, Abo Mansour HE. Ginger extract adjuvant to doxorubicin in mammary carcinoma: study of some molecular mechanisms. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:981-989. [PMID: 28229277 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer properties of ginger extract (GE) in mice bearing solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) and to evaluate the use of GE in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) as a complementary therapy against SEC. METHODS SEC was induced in 60 female mice. Mice were divided into four equal groups: SEC, GE, DOX and GE + DOX. GE (100 mg/kg orally day after day) and DOX (4 mg/kg i.p. for 4 cycles every 5 days) were given to mice starting on day 12 of inoculation. On the 28th day, blood samples were collected, mice were scarified, tumor volume was measured, and tumor tissues were excised. RESULTS The anti-cancer effect of GE was mediated by activation of adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) and down-regulation of cyclin D1 gene expression. GE also showed pro-apoptotic properties as evidenced by elevation of the P53 and suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) content in tumor tissue. Co-administration of GE alongside DOX markedly increased survival rate, decreased tumor volume, and increased the level of phosphorylated AMPK (PAMPK) and improved related pathways compared to DOX group. In addition, the histopathological results demonstrated enhanced apoptosis and absence of multinucleated cells in tumor tissue of GE + DOX group. CONCLUSION AMPK pathway and cyclin D1 gene expression could be a molecular therapeutic target for the anticancer effect of GE in mice bearing SEC. Combining GE and DOX revealed a greater efficacy as anticancer therapeutic regimen.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/diet therapy
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cyclin D1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclin D1/genetics
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Dietary Supplements
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Zingiber officinale/chemistry
- Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/diet therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Necrosis
- Neoplasm Proteins/agonists
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Rhizome/chemistry
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla E El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hoda A El-Bahrawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hend E Abo Mansour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt.
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23
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Donovan MG, Selmin OI, Doetschman TC, Romagnolo DF. Mediterranean Diet: Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. Front Nutr 2017; 4:59. [PMID: 29259973 PMCID: PMC5723389 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosis and the second and third leading cause of cancer mortality in men and women, respectively. However, the majority of CRC cases are the result of sporadic tumorigenesis via the adenoma–carcinoma sequence. This process can take up to 20 years, suggesting an important window of opportunity exists for prevention such as switching toward healthier dietary patterns. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a dietary pattern associated with various health benefits including protection against cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and various cancers. In this article, we review publications available in the PubMed database within the last 10 years that report on the impact of a MD eating pattern on prevention of CRC. To assist the reader with interpretation of the results and discussion, we first introduce indexes and scoring systems commonly used to experimentally determine adherence to a MD, followed by a brief introduction of the influence of the MD pattern on inflammatory bowel disease, which predisposes to CRC. Finally, we discuss key biological mechanisms through which specific bioactive food components commonly present in the MD are proposed to prevent or delay the development of CRC. We close with a discussion of future research frontiers in CRC prevention with particular reference to the role of epigenetic mechanisms and microbiome related to the MD eating pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah G Donovan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ornella I Selmin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Tom C Doetschman
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Donato F Romagnolo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Salafzoon S, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Halabian R. Evaluation of the antioxidant impact of ginger-based kombucha on the murine breast cancer model. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 15:/j/jcim.2018.15.issue-1/jcim-2017-0071/jcim-2017-0071.xml. [PMID: 29055172 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Abnormal metabolism is a common event in cancerous cells. For example, the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, particularly due to aerobic respiration during invasive stage, results in cancer progression. Herein, the impact of kombucha tea prepared from ginger on the alteration of antioxidant agents was assessed in the breast cancer animal model. Methods Two types of kombucha tea with or without ginger were administered to BALB/c mice before and after tumor challenge. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in tumor, liver and kidney. Results Administration of kombucha ginger tea significantly decreased catalase activity as well as GSH and MDA level in tumor homogenate (p<0.001). A significant decrease in SOD activity and increase in MDA quantity was determined in the kidney which had received kombucha ginger tea (p<0.01). Conclusions The consumption of kombucha prepared from ginger could exert minor antioxidant impacts by balancing multi antioxidant factors in different tissues in the breast cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Salafzoon
- Pharmaceutical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jin SJ, Yang Y, Ma L, Ma BH, Ren LP, Guo LC, Wang WB, Zhang YX, Zhao ZJ, Cui M. In vivo and in vitro induction of the apoptotic effects of oxysophoridine on colorectal cancer cells via the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8000-8006. [PMID: 29344242 PMCID: PMC5755128 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysophoridine (OSR) is a major active alkaloid extracted from Sophoraalopecuroides L. The aim of the present study was to investigate the induction of the apoptotic effects of OSR on colorectal cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The results of the MTT and colony formation assays demonstrated that the proliferation of HCT116 cells was inhibited by OSR in vitro. The characteristics of cellular apoptosis in OSR-treated HCT116 cells were analyzed by Hoechst 33258 staining. It was also observed that the expression of caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) associated X protein (Bax) and cytochrome c increased significantly upon OSR treatment. However, the expression of Bcl-2 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) was downregulated in OSR-treated cells compared with untreated cells. The in vivo experiments identified that OSR significantly inhibited the growth of the transplanted mouse CT26 tumor tissue, upregulated the expression of caspase-3, Bax and cytochrome c and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and PARP-1, as detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. It may be concluded that OSR significantly induced apoptotic effects on colorectal cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, and that its mechanism may be associated with the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ju Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ben-Hui Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China
| | - Mingchen Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China.,Tumor Occurrence and Prevention Research Innovation Team of Luohe, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462002, P.R. China
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Mannarreddy P, Denis M, Munireddy D, Pandurangan R, Thangavelu KP, Venkatesan K. Cytotoxic effect of Cyperus rotundus rhizome extract on human cancer cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1375-1387. [PMID: 28946185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The wild weed Cyperus rotundus is commonly used as traditional medicine in different parts of the world. Sequential extraction of C. rotundus rhizome with solvents of different polarity namely hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were prepared and the free radical scavenging activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Based on high antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of C. rotundus rhizome (MRCr) was further investigated for its cytotoxic effect on different human cancer cell lines-breast (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa), liver (Hep G2), prostate (PC-3), colorectal (HT-29) and normal cell line (MCF-12A) by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay evaluated as 50% inhibition of growth (IC50). Apoptosis cells were analysed by flow cytometry stained with annexin V-Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (AF) and propidium iodide (PI). The cellular and nuclear changes were examined under light and fluorescent microscope using 4', 6' diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stain, dual stains of AF/PI and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB). The cytotoxic effects on the tested cancer cell lines ranged from 4.52±0.57 to 9.85±0.68μgml-1. The migration assay was showed the inhibitory effect with MRCr. The MRCr showed significant anticancer activity against all the tested cancer cell lines and also protected the non-cancer cells. The anticancer activity suggests further elucidation for the formulation of natural pharmaceutical products in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabu Mannarreddy
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India.
| | - Maghil Denis
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - Durgadevi Munireddy
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - Ranjani Pandurangan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | | | - Kaviyarasan Venkatesan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
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Zheng J, Zhou Y, Li Y, Xu DP, Li S, Li HB. Spices for Prevention and Treatment of Cancers. Nutrients 2016; 8:E495. [PMID: 27529277 PMCID: PMC4997408 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spices have been widely used as food flavorings and folk medicines for thousands of years. Numerous studies have documented the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of spices, which might be related to prevention and treatment of several cancers, including lung, liver, breast, stomach, colorectum, cervix, and prostate cancers. Several spices are potential sources for prevention and treatment of cancers, such as Curcuma longa (tumeric), Nigella sativa (black cumin), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Allium sativum (garlic), Crocus sativus (saffron), Piper nigrum (black pepper) and Capsicum annum (chili pepper), which contained several important bioactive compounds, such as curcumin, thymoquinone, piperine and capsaicin. The main mechanisms of action include inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion of tumors, and sensitizing tumors to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review summarized recent studies on some spices for prevention and treatment of cancers, and special attention was paid to bioactive components and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Ali-Shtayeh MS, Jamous RM, Salameh NMY, Jamous RM, Hamadeh AMA. Complementary and alternative medicine use among cancer patients in Palestine with special reference to safety-related concerns. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:104-122. [PMID: 27125594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of CAM including herbal medicine as the most preferred CAM modality, among cancer patients who are taking prescription medications has shown to be highly prevalent worldwide as well as in several Middle Eastern countries, with a high percentage of the patients do not disclose their CAM use to treating physician. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study aimed to evaluate the patterns of CAM use among two cohorts of cancer patients in Palestine over a three-year period, and to identify socio-demographic factors that are associated with CAM use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Across-sectional survey of patients attending outpatient cancer clinics. The method was based on a semi-structured questionnaire. In order to identify safety-related concerns associated with the products listed, a literature search was conducted using different databases (PubMed, Micromedex, AltMedDex, and the Natural Medicine Comprehensive Database). RESULTS In 472 cancer patients including 372 of the 2011 cohort; and 100 of the 2014 cohort, the overall prevalence of CAM use was 69.5%. CAM users were more likely to be ≤65 years old, village resident, being in the midst of chemotherapy, to have high interest spiritual quest, and to have no other chronic diseases. A significant number of CAM users reported using herbal preparations (98.3%, and 89.6% in the two study cohorts, respectively). In the current study, a total of 40 plant taxa belonging to 23 botanical families were reported by ≥3 cancer patients in the two cohort groups. The top most commonly used plant in the 2011 cohort group was Arum palaestinum (43.5%), while Ephedra foeminea emerged as the top most commonly utilized plant (from 0.0% in 2011 to 55.2% in the 2014 cohort), mainly due to a recent publicizing and portraying of the plant in the local media as an effective cancer herbal remedy. Safety-related concerns were associated with 33 (82.5%) herbs, including herb-drug interactions with altered pharmacokinetics (8, 20% herbs), direct toxic effects (16, 40% herbs), and increased in vitro response of cancer cells to chemotherapy (30, 75% herbs). CONCLUSIONS CAM use, especially herbal medicine in cancer is highly prevalent in Palestine. This study has demonstrated the role of the media on the emergence of new CAM herbal therapies among cancer patients in Palestine, and discussed its potential implications on patients and for oncologists who are treating them. Some of the most widely used herbal medicines by cancer patients in the present work are known to interact with conventional anticancer drugs. Hence, the disclosure of the use of herbal remedies by patients to health professionals with sufficient training in CAM use is important for the later in order to assess whether there are any possible herbal drug interactions and/or harmful drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana M Jamous
- Biodiversity and Environmental Research Center-BERC, Til-Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nihaya M Y Salameh
- Biodiversity and Environmental Research Center-BERC, Til-Nablus, Palestine; Palestinian Military Services, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Rania M Jamous
- Biodiversity and Environmental Research Center-BERC, Til-Nablus, Palestine; Palestinian Military Services, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Amneh M A Hamadeh
- Biodiversity and Environmental Research Center-BERC, Til-Nablus, Palestine
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Wang CZ, Qi LW, Yuan CS. Cancer Chemoprevention Effects of Ginger and its Active Constituents: Potential for New Drug Discovery. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1351-63. [PMID: 26477795 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ginger is a commonly used spice and herbal medicine worldwide. Besides its extensive use as a condiment, ginger has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the management of various medical conditions. In recent years, ginger has received wide attention due to its observed antiemetic and anticancer activities. This paper reviews the potential role of ginger and its active constituents in cancer chemoprevention. The phytochemistry, bioactivity, and molecular targets of ginger constituents, especially 6-shogaol, are discussed. The content of 6-shogaol is very low in fresh ginger, but significantly higher after steaming. With reported anti-cancer activities, 6-shogaol can be served as a lead compound for new drug discovery. The lead compound derivative synthesis, bioactivity evaluation, and computational docking provide a promising opportunity to identify novel anticancer compounds originating from ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA
- ‡ State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, JS 210009, China
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- * Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, USA
- † Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Lee JW, Park GH, Eo HJ, Song HM, Kim MK, Kwon MJ, Koo JS, Lee JR, Lee MH, Jeong JB. Anti-Cancer Activity of the Flower Bud of Sophora japonica L. through Upregulating Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7732/kjpr.2015.28.3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pu H, Wang X, Su L, Ma C, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Li X, Wang H, Liu X, Zhang J. Heroin activates ATF3 and CytC via c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways to mediate neuronal apoptosis. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2015; 21:53-62. [PMID: 25848832 PMCID: PMC4400970 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.893827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug abuse and addiction has become a major public health problem that impacts all societies. The use of heroin may cause spongiform leukoencephalopathy (SLE). Material/Methods Cerebellar granule cells were derived from 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups. Neurons were dissociated from freshly dissected cerebella by mechanical disruption in the presence of 0.125% trypsin and DNaseI and then seeded at a density of 4×106 cells/ml in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/nutrient mixture F-12 ham’s containing 10% fetal bovine serum and Arc-C(sigma) at concentrations to inhibit glial cell growth inoculated into 6-well plates and a small dish. Results We found that heroin induces the apoptosis of primary cultured cerebellar granule cells (CGCS) and that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway was activated under heroin treatment and stimulated obvious increases in the levels of C-jun, Cytc, and ATF3mRNA. CYTC and ATF3 were identified as candidate targets of the JNK/c-Jun pathway in this process because the specificity inhibitors SP600125 of JNK/C-jun pathways reduced the levels of C-jun, Cytc, and ATF3mRNA. The results suggested that SP600125 of JNK/C-jun can inhibit heroin-induced apoptosis of neurons. Conclusions The present study analyzes our understanding of the critical role of the JNK pathway in the process of neuronal apoptosis induced by heroin, and suggests a new and effective strategy to treat SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Pu
- Department of Science and Research Education Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Liping Su
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Chuang Ma
- Department of Micro-Reconstructive Surgery of Orthopedics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of International Education, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Liping Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- Department of Forensic Science, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jianlong Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Sinciang, China (mainland)
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Ginger and its constituents: role in prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:142979. [PMID: 25838819 PMCID: PMC4369959 DOI: 10.1155/2015/142979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, a cancer of different organs of the digestive system, is one of the most common cancers around the world. The incidence and death rate of some of these cancers are very high. Although a large variety of chemotherapeutic agents have been introduced since the last few decades to combat GI cancer, most of them are very expensive and have side effects. Therefore, the compounds derived from natural sources, which are considered to be safe and cost effective, are needed. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most widely used natural products consumed as a spice and medicine for treating nausea, dysentery, heartburn, flatulence, diarrhea, loss of appetite, infections, cough, and bronchitis. Experimental studies showed that ginger and its active components including 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol exert anticancer activities against GI cancer. The anticancer activity of ginger is attributed to its ability to modulate several signaling molecules like NF-κB, STAT3, MAPK, PI3K, ERK1/2, Akt, TNF-α, COX-2, cyclin D1, cdk, MMP-9, survivin, cIAP-1, XIAP, Bcl-2, caspases, and other cell growth regulatory proteins. In this review, the evidences for the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential of ginger extract and its active components using in vitro, animal models, and patients have been described.
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