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Afrifa-Yamoah E, Nunfam VF, Kwanin BA, Frimpong K. Ecology of emergency care in lower-tier healthcare providers in Ghana: an empirical data-driven Bayesian network analytical approach. Intern Emerg Med 2024:10.1007/s11739-024-03607-6. [PMID: 38684643 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The healthcare landscape in Ghana is primarily composed of lower-tier providers, which serve as the initial point of contact for most medical emergencies. This study aimed to assess the emergency care preparedness and readiness of primary healthcare providers using a robust evaluation approach. A multicentre retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 460 healthcare facilities using the standardised Health Facilities Emergency Preparedness Assessment Tool (HeFEPAT). Data were analysed via Bayesian Belief network. Emergency preparedness was associated with facility location, type, ownership, and in-charge personnel. Over 70% of facilities lacked specialised emergency/critical care personnel. Although 65% of in-charges reported protocol knowledge, only 7.8% could execute cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 90% of facilities lacked onsite defibrillators, and over 80% had no cerebrovascular accident medications. Road traffic accident protocols were largely unavailable, with an estimated 53% probability of lacking such protocols. Private-owned facilities were more likely to lack protocols for road traffic accidents (76% vs 20% probability) and general acute care (62% vs 32%) compared to government-owned facilities. Significant gaps in emergency preparedness were identified across the studied health facilities, indicating limited capacity to manage critical situations effectively. Urgent investments in emergency medicine training, essential resources, and evidence-based protocols are needed. Standardised emergency preparedness assessments should be implemented for accreditation and quality improvement. Further research can inform the development of national guidelines and targeted interventions to strengthen emergency response capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Fannam Nunfam
- Social Development, Takoradi Technical University, Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana
- School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bernard Agyei Kwanin
- Social Development, Takoradi Technical University, Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana.
- Health Facilities Regulatory Agency, Greater Accra, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Kwasi Frimpong
- School of Public Service and Governance, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota, Accra, Ghana
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Hung KKC, MacDermot MK, Hui TSI, Chan SY, Mashino S, Mok CPY, Leung PH, Kayano R, Abrahams J, Wong CS, Chan EYY, Graham CA. Mapping study for health emergency and disaster risk management competencies and curricula: literature review and cross-sectional survey. Global Health 2024; 20:15. [PMID: 38383465 PMCID: PMC10880341 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-01010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing threat of hazardous events at local, national, and global levels, an effective workforce for health emergency and disaster risk management (Health EDRM) in local, national, and international communities is urgently needed. However, there are no universally accepted competencies and curricula for Health EDRM. This study aimed to identify Health EDRM competencies and curricula worldwide using literature reviews and a cross-sectional survey. METHODS Literature reviews in English and Japanese languages were performed. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL (English), and the ICHUSHI (Japanese) databases for journal articles published between 1990 and 2020. Subsequently, a cross-sectional survey was sent to WHO Health EDRM Research Network members and other recommended experts in October 2021 to identify competency models and curricula not specified in the literature search. RESULTS Nineteen studies from the searches were found to be relevant to Health EDRM competencies and curricula. Most of the competency models and curricula were from the US. The domains included knowledge and skills, emergency response systems (including incident management principles), communications, critical thinking, ethical and legal aspects, and managerial and leadership skills. The cross-sectional survey received 65 responses with an estimated response rate of 25%. Twenty-one competency models and 20 curricula for managers and frontline personnel were analyzed; managers' decision-making and leadership skills were considered essential. CONCLUSION An increased focus on decision-making and leadership skills should be included in Health EDRM competencies and curricula to strengthen the health workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K C Hung
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and Chinese University of Hong Kong for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Makiko K MacDermot
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Theresa S I Hui
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Suet Yi Chan
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Sonoe Mashino
- Research Institute of Nursing Care for People and Community, University of Hyogo, Akashi, 673-8588, Japan
| | - Catherine P Y Mok
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Pak Ho Leung
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ryoma Kayano
- World Health Organization Centre for Health Development, Kobe, 651-0073, Japan
| | - Jonathan Abrahams
- Monash University Disaster Resilience Initiative, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Chi Shing Wong
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and Chinese University of Hong Kong for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emily Y Y Chan
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and Chinese University of Hong Kong for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Colin A Graham
- Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Trauma & Emergency Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and Chinese University of Hong Kong for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Samei B, Babaie J, Tabrizi JS, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Aghdash SA, Derakhshani N, Rezapour R. Exploring hospitals' functional preparedness effective factors in response to disasters: a qualitative study in a lower middle-income country. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:197. [PMID: 38350908 PMCID: PMC10865653 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical services are among the most urgent needs of the disaster-affected population. Consequently, hospital preparedness -as the main health services provider- is one of the vital factors in effective response to disasters. The present study aims to explore the perspectives of study participants about the influential factors of hospital functional preparedness in a lower middle-income country. METHODS In this qualitative study, data were collected through 17 semi-structured interviews with disaster management authorities selected by purposive sampling. Content-Analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS 138 codes were developed and categorized into ten categories and 34 subcategories. The main categories were: 1- leadership, command, and coordination (4 subcategories); 2- risk assessment (3 subcategories); 3- legislating and developing protocols, guidelines, and programs (3 subcategories); 4- estimating and storing the necessary supplies and equipment (3 subcategories); 5- human resource management (4 subcategories); 6- education, training, and development of staff (6 subcategories); 7- vital routes and facilities (3 subcategories); 8- communication (3 subcategories); 9- security, safety and locating of safe zones (3 subcategories); 10- underlying disaster risk factors (2 subcategories). CONCLUSION According to the participants of this study, ten categories of factors can affect hospitals' functional preparedness; hospital managers and decision-makers can consider these factors to ensure the proper provision of medical services during disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Samei
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Babaie
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Centre, School of Management & Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Saber Azami Aghdash
- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Derakhshani
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezapour
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mani Z, Kuhn L, Plummer V. Emergency Nurse Roles, Challenges, and Preparedness in Hospitals in the Context of Armed Conflict. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e21. [PMID: 38344868 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An understanding of emergency nurses' roles, challenges, and preparedness in the context of armed conflict is necessary to capture in-depth insights into this specialty and their preparational needs when working in these unique environments. Unfortunately, the evidence about emergency nurses' work in the context of armed conflict is scant. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The COREQ guideline for reporting qualitative research was followed. RESULTS The emergency nurses' roles, challenges, and preparedness in hospitals in the context of armed conflict were explored in detail. The main challenges that these nurses faced included poor orientation, access block, and communication barriers. Various perspectives about preparation, including education, training, and strategies for preparing emergency nurses were identified. The most striking findings in these settings were the diversity of armed conflict injuries, clinical profiles of patients, triage of mass casualties, trauma care, surge capacity, orientation, communication, and strategies for preparing nurses. CONCLUSIONS This study provided an exploration of the scope of emergency nurses' roles, and how they were prepared and expected to function across multiple hospitals in armed conflict areas. The resultant snapshot of their experiences, challenges, and responsibilities provides an informative resource and outlines essential information for future emergency nursing workforce preparedness. There is a broad range of preparational courses being undertaken by emergency nurses to work effectively in settings of armed conflict; however, required education and training should be carefully planned according to their actual roles and responsibilities in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Mani
- Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lisa Kuhn
- Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, Australia
- Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Virginia Plummer
- Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
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Saeed H, Hamid S, Zoukar I, Khiami A, Al Hawat L, Khoja M, Khawatmy H, Abdalnour H, Dashash M. Post-quake call for action: developing core competencies matrix for Syrian health workers in emergency time. Confl Health 2024; 18:5. [PMID: 38178240 PMCID: PMC10768459 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-023-00567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent earthquake in Syria has caused widespread devastation, leading to extensive damage and loss of life. Considering the diverse range of disasters and conflicts that have affected Syrian society, health workers must possess essential competencies to effectively manage various types of disasters, including earthquakes. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify the specific competencies required by Syrian health workers to respond efficiently and effectively to earthquakes. METHODS An exploratory qualitative study was conducted at the Medical Education Program MEP of the Syrian Virtual University SVU. Nine members of the research team of the MEP, who represent various health specializations in medicine, dentistry, nursing, and pharmacy, accepted to take part in this study. Among these, three members have been actively involved in providing health care in hospitals and the field during the Syrian earthquake on 6 February 2023. The Delphi process was adopted to identify competencies. Health workers involved in earthquake response were categorized into nine groups including medical doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, psychological support professionals, medical students, allied healthcare professionals, on-site disaster teams, and managers. The final list was accepted if it achieved more than 80% agreement among the participants in the first, second, and final rounds. RESULTS The study identified 74 competencies (12 knowledge items, 35 skills, and 27 attitudes) essential for health workers to respond effectively to earthquakes. They are categorized into five domains: "Preparing the team for the rescue process during and, after earthquakes, Implementation of the rescue process, Education and psychological support, Research, and development". CONCLUSION A list of earthquake competencies was identified for health workers. It is hoped that this list will enhance a country's resilience and will enable decision-makers to support health workers in acquiring these competencies within a very strained health system in Syria and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Saeed
- Medical Education Program, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria
- Faculty of Nursing, Latakia, Syria
| | - Sulaf Hamid
- Medical Education Program, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Qasyoun Private University for Science and Technology, Damascus, Syria
| | - Imad Zoukar
- Medical Education Program, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria
- Department of Pediatrics, Damascus Hospital, Damascus, Syria
| | - Adel Khiami
- Medical Education Program, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria
- Research Department, Demonstration Training and Research Oral Health Center (DTROHC), Ministry of Education, Damascus, Syria
| | - Lama Al Hawat
- Medical Education Program, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mohammed Khoja
- Medical Education Program, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Hossam Khawatmy
- Medical Education Program, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Hani Abdalnour
- Medical Education Program, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mayssoon Dashash
- Medical Education Program, Syrian Virtual University, Damascus, Syria.
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
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Shanableh S, Alomar MJ, Palaian S, Al-Ahmad MM, Ibrahim MIM. Knowledge, attitude, and readiness towards disaster management: A nationwide survey among healthcare practitioners in United Arab Emirates. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278056. [PMID: 36795695 PMCID: PMC9934416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Health professionals are expected to be knowledgeable on disaster medicine and prepared to deal with medicine disasters. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and readiness to practice disaster medicine among health care workers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and determine the influence of sociodemographic factors on the practice of disaster medicine. A cross-sectional survey conducted among various healthcare professionals in different healthcare facilities in the UAE. An electronic questionnaire was used and randomly distributed throughout the country. Data were collected from March to July 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 53 questions distributed among four sections: demographic information, knowledge, attitude and readiness to practice. The questionnaire distribution involved a 5-item of demographic information, a 21-item of knowledge, a 16-item of attitude and an 11-item of practice. A total of 307 (participation rate ~80.0%, n = 383) health professionals practicing in the UAE responded. Of these, 191 (62.2%) were pharmacists, 52 (15.9%) were physicians, 17 (5.5%) were dentists, 32 (10.4%) were nurses, and 15 (4.9%) were others. The mean experience was 10.9 years [SD ±7.6] (median 10, IQR 4-15). The median (IQR) overall knowledge level was 12 (8-16) and the maximum knowledge level was 21. The overall knowledge level differed significantly between the age groups of the participants (p = 0.002). The median (IQR) of overall attitude was (57, 50-64) for pharmacists, (55, 48-64) for physicians, (64, 44-68) for dentists, (64, 58-67) for nurses, and (60, 48-69) for others. The total attitude score differed significantly between the different professional groups (p = 0.034), gender (p = 0.008) and workplace (p = 0.011). In terms of readiness to practice, respondents' scores were high and not significantly related to age (p = 0.14), gender (p = 0.064), professional groups (p = 0.0.762), and workplace (p = 0.149). This study showed that health professionals in the UAE have moderate levels of knowledge, positive attitudes, and high readiness to engage in disaster management. Gender and place of work can be considered as influencing factors. Professional training courses and educational curriculums related to disaster medicine can be beneficial to further reduce the knowledge-attitude gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Shanableh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Muaed Jamal Alomar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- * E-mail:
| | - Subish Palaian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Mohammad Majed Al-Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, Al Ain, UAE
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Alruwaili AS, Islam MS, Usher K. Factors Influencing Hospitals' Disaster Preparedness in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e301. [PMID: 36785527 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to identify the factors that influence the disaster preparedness of hospitals and validate an evaluation framework to assess hospital disaster preparedness (HDP) capability in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of all hospitals (n = 72) in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia was conducted. A factor analysis method was used to identify common factors and validate the evaluation framework to assess HDP capacity. RESULTS Sixty-three (63) hospitals responded to the survey. A 3-factor structure was identified as key predicators of HDP capacity. The first factor was the most highly weighted factor, which included education and training (0.849), monitoring and assessing HDP (0.723), disaster planning (0.721), and command and control (0.713). The second factor included surge capacity (0.708), triage system (0.844), post-disaster recovery (0.809), and communication (0.678). The third factor represented safety and security (0.638) as well as logistics, equipment, and supplies (0.766). CONCLUSION The identified 3-factor structure provides an innovative approach to assist the operationalization of the concept of HDP capacity building and service improvement, as well as serve as a groundwork to further develop instrument for assessing HDP in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Saleh Alruwaili
- Emergency Medical Services Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2350, Australia
| | - Kim Usher
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2350, Australia
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A Scoping Review of the Essential Components of Emergency Medical Response Systems for Mass Casualty Incidents. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e274. [PMID: 36597790 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emergency medical (EM) response systems require extensive coordination, particularly during mass casualty incidents (MCIs). The recognition of preparedness gaps and contextual priorities to MCI response capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) can be better understood through the components of EM reponse systems. This study aims to delineate essential components and provide a framework for effective emergency medical response to MCIs. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using 4 databases. Title and abstract screening was followed by full-text review. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes pertaining to the essential components and integration of EM response systems. RESULTS Of 20,456 screened citations, 181 articles were included in the analysis. Seven major and 40 sub-themes emerged from the content analysis as the essential components and supportive elements of MCI medical response. The essential components of MCI response were integrated into a framework demonstrating interrelated connections between essential and supportive elements. CONCLUSIONS Definitions of essential components of EM response to MCIs vary considerably. Most literature pertaining to MCI response originates from high income countries with far fewer reports from LMICs. Integration of essential components is needed in different geopolitical and economic contexts to ensure an effective MCI emergency medical response.
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Samei B, Babaie J, Sadegh Tabrizi J, Sadeghi-bazargani H, Azami-Aghdash S, Derakhshani N, Rezapour R. Factors Affecting the Functional Preparedness of Hospitals in Response to Disasters: A Systematic Review. Bull Emerg Trauma 2023; 11:109-118. [PMID: 37525651 PMCID: PMC10387338 DOI: 10.30476/beat.2023.97841.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to comprehensively determine the factors that affect the hospitals' functional preparedness in response to disasters. Methods A systematic review of studies published in English and Persian up to the end of 2022 was performed by searching PubMed Central, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, SID, and Elmnet databases. Articles that assessed hospitals' functional preparedness were searched by using a combination of medical subject heading terms and keywords including disaster, emergency, preparedness, hospital preparedness, health care facilities preparedness, hospital functional preparedness, health care facilities functional preparedness, readiness, and effective factors. Additionally, journals and gray literature were manually searched. Two independent reviewers screened the eligible papers. The inclusion criteria were the full text should be published up to the end of 2022, in both Persian and English, and focus on hospital preparedness. The extracted data were manually analyzed, summarized, and reported using the content analysis method. Results Of the 3465 articles, 105 studies were eventually included in the final analysis. Eighty-two influential factors were identified and classified into seven categories: government, coordination, control, and commanding (7 factors), existing guidelines and preparedness plans (12 factors), regulations (6 factors), supplying of resources (37 factors), education and training (8 factors), multi-layered information management and communication systems (8 factors), and contextual factors (4 factors). Conclusion There are different dimensions of hospital preparedness for disasters, each of which is influenced by several independent factors. Addressing these factors will enhance the actual functional preparedness of hospitals encountering disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Samei
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Babaie
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Centre, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Saber Azami-Aghdash
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Derakhshani
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezapour
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Alrayyes MA, Alaila BH, Aldalou MRR, Omamalin NGD. The Emergency Preparedness of Level-Four Primary Health Care Centers in the Gaza Strip, the Occupied Palestinian Territory: An Assessment of Primary Care Providers' Competencies and Facilities Preparedness. Prehosp Disaster Med 2022; 38:1-10. [PMID: 36537158 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x22002357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Gaza Strip lives in a protracted emergency crisis and experienced several Israeli escalations. These escalations have overwhelmed the hospitals and highlighted the need to optimize Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) to form part of the emergency response system. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the emergency preparedness of the Ministry of Health (MoH)-run level-four PHCCs in the Gaza Strip (where Emergency Medical Services are provided along with preventive and curative services). METHODS The study was cross-sectional, used quantitative methods, and utilized two tools. The first tool was a self-administered structured questionnaire exploring Primary Care Providers' ([PCPs]; doctors and nurses) experiences, perceived capabilities, and training needs. The second tool was an observational checklist used to assess the preparedness of the emergency rooms (ERs) at level-four PHCCs in the Gaza Strip. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-eight PCPs (34.5% doctors and 65.5% nurses) working in 16 level-four PHCCs were included. Overall, 64.4% of the participants had experience working in PHCCs during Israeli escalations, though 35.3% of them were unaware of the contingency plan (CP) of PHCCs. More nurses were aware of CPs than doctors (66.9% versus 42.7%; P <.001). Moreover, 65.7%, 46.7%, and 42.5% of the participants were trained in Basic Life Support (BLS), Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), and Primary Trauma Care (PTC), respectively. However, many had received the training for more than two years, and none of the PHCCs had all its staff trained. Only 36.8% of the participants were trained in Post-Trauma/Post-Operative Care (wound care and dressing), and the percentage of trained nurses was significantly higher than those of doctors (36.8% versus 13.9%; P <.001). The majority of the participants admitted they need ACLS training (89.2%), PTC training (89%), BLS training (81.1%), and Post-Trauma/Post-Operative Care training (76.8%). Only 29.63% of emergency drugs and 37.5% of the equipment and disposables were available in the ERs of all PHCCs, and none of the PHCCs had all the essential emergency drugs, equipment, and disposables available. CONCLUSION Level-four PHCCs in the Gaza Strip are not adequately prepared to respond to emergencies. Generally, PCPs lack appropriate competencies for emergency response, and many PHCCs lack the infrastructure to support Primary Emergency Care (PEC). Thus, PCPs need continuous education and training in disaster preparedness and response and PEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisara A Alrayyes
- Médecins du Monde-France, Mission Palestine, Gaza, the Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Basel H Alaila
- Médecins du Monde-France, Mission Palestine, Gaza, the Gaza Strip, Palestine
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Pfenninger EG, Villhauer S, Königsdorfer M. [Hospital disaster planning in south-western Germany. A survey of 214 clinics]. Notf Rett Med 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35991807 PMCID: PMC9380686 DOI: 10.1007/s10049-022-01065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Due to legal regulations in Germany, public acute and emergency (A&E) hospitals-along with responsible authorities, emergency medical services, and other institutions such as the state medical associations-are committed to participate in civil protection. This participation includes the need to create and update emergency plans for external and internal crises and to take part in disaster drills. In fact, so far there is only little literature to prove whether and to what extent hospitals fulfill their obligations on this topic. Objectives Using a standardized survey, the state of emergency planning in hospitals in Baden-Wuerttemberg was evaluated. Materials and methods Based on a listing provided by the Hospital Society of Baden-Wuerttemberg (BWKG), all 214 hospitals in Baden-Wuerttemberg were identified. The standardized questionnaire inquired about specific characteristics of the emergency plan, the availability and knowledge of this plan by the hospital workforce and other local institutions that take part in civil protection and, finally, participation in disaster drills were queried. Results Of the 214 hospitals in Baden-Wuerttemberg, 135 (63%) provided information using the questionnaire. Except for one hospital, all other clinics indicated having a special emergency plan ready. In most cases (79.3%), both external (e.g., mass casualty incidents) and internal (e.g., fire, failure of technical equipment) crises are covered. In the vast majority of cases (94%), the hospitals also indicated that they regularly update their emergency plan, whereby the frequency of updates varied markedly. Three quarters of the hospitals said that they also regularly simulate the use of the emergency plan in disaster drills. In two thirds of the cases, external forces such as emergency medical services or the fire department also take part in these drills along with the hospitals themselves. In some cases, knowledge gained from the drills was incorporated into the emergency plan or led to improvements in staff training. Conclusions The willingness of public hospitals to establish comprehensive disaster planning and to take part in related drills seems to have improved noticeably in recent years. However, there is still the need for improvement in keeping the concepts up to date at some hospitals. Especially smaller hospitals showed deficits in emergency planning, particularly concerning preparedness for internal crises, resulting from failure of technical equipment. More regular drills should be used to test existing concepts and to familiarize employees with the processes on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst G. Pfenninger
- Stabsstelle Katastrophenschutz, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 29, 89081 Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Sabine Villhauer
- Stabsstelle Katastrophenschutz, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 29, 89081 Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Manuel Königsdorfer
- Stabsstelle Katastrophenschutz, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 29, 89081 Ulm, Deutschland
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
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12
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Dadario NB, Bellido S, Restivo A, Kulkarni M, Singh M, Yoon A, Shapiro J, Quintero F, Tagami T, Yang CJ, Jafri FN. Using a Logic Model to Enable and Evaluate Long-Term Outcomes of a Mass Casualty Training Program: A Single Center Case Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 16:1116-1122. [PMID: 34044903 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Global health disasters are on the rise and can occur at any time with little advance warning, necessitating preparation. The authors created a comprehensive evidence-based Emergency Preparedness Training Program focused on long-term retention and sustained learner engagement. METHOD A prospective observational study was conducted of a simulation-based mass casualty event training program designed using an outcomes-based logic model. A total of 25 frontline healthcare workers from multiple hospital sites in the New York metropolitan area participated in an 8-hour immersive workshop. Data was collected from assessments, and surveys provided to participants 3 weeks prior to the workshop, immediately following the workshop, and 3 months after completion of the workshop. RESULTS The mean percentage of total knowledge scores improved across pre-workshop, post-workshop and retention (3 months post-workshop) assessments (53.2% vs. 64.8% vs. 67.6%, P < 0.05). Average comfort scores in the core MCI competencies increased across pre-workshop, post-workshop and retention self-assessments (P < 0.01). Of the participants assessed at 3 months retention (n = 14, 56%), 50.0% (n = 7) assisted in updating their hospital's emergency operations plan and 50.0% (n = 7) pursued further self-directed learning in disaster preparedness medicine. CONCLUSIONS The use of the logic model provided a transparent framework for the design, implementation, and evaluation of a competency-based EPT program at a single academic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Dadario
- Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Simon Bellido
- White Plains Hospital Center, Emergency Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Restivo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Weiler Division, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Kulkarni
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St. John's Riverside Hospital, Yonkers, NY, USA
| | - Maninder Singh
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Yoon
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Moses Division, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jared Shapiro
- Environmental Health and Safety, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Frank Quintero
- White Plains Hospital Center, Emergency Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Tianna Tagami
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
- Pearson Education, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina J Yang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Farrukh N Jafri
- White Plains Hospital Center, Emergency Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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13
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Chang Q, Su H, Xia Y, Gao S, Zhang M, Ma X, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Association Between Clinical Competencies and Mental Health Symptoms Among Frontline Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:760521. [PMID: 35558425 PMCID: PMC9086962 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.760521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In China, mental health of frontline medical staff might be influenced by clinicians' ability to handle the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Few studies to-date have addressed the association between clinicians' competencies and mental health in this context. This cross-sectional study was to examine the prevalence of mental health symptoms among frontline medical staff that fought against the COVID-19 outbreak, and explore the associations between their competencies, and separate and concurrent depressive and anxiety symptoms. Methods A total of 623 frontline medical staff was included in this study. Competencies, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were assessed using a self-reported short form of the Chinese clinical physicians' competency model, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire, respectively. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between one SD increase in competency scores and the prevalence of mental health problems. Results The prevalence of depressive, anxiety, and comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms was 40.93, 31.78, and 26.00%, respectively. Among the medical staff with higher total competency scores, the prevalence of depressive [odds ratios (ORs) = 0.67, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.55-0.81], anxiety (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.56-0.83), and comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55-0.83) was lower than among their lower-scoring counterparts. Subgroup analyses stratified by core competency scores revealed similar associations as the main analyses. Conclusion The present findings highlight the association between high core competency scores and lower prevalence of depressive, anxiety, and comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Han Su
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanyan Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Office of Medical Administration and Management, Health Commission of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yashu Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Gathen M, Welle K, Jaenisch M, Kasapovic A, Rommelspacher C, Novosel S, Roos J, Kabir K. Are orthopaedic surgeons prepared? An analysis of severe casualties from the 2021 flash flood and mudslide disaster in Germany. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022; 48:4233-4241. [PMID: 35426505 PMCID: PMC9532313 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-022-01967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to describe and analyse the most severe casualties from the flash flood and mudslides occurring on 14 July 2021 in Germany, focusing on patients who were treated in the closest and largest level I trauma centre in the region the disaster occurred.
Methods
A single-centre retrospective study design was employed, and all patients treated because of the flooding and mudslides who needed inpatient treatment were documented. Data on each patient’s demographic characteristics, type of injury, number of surgeries, duration of hospitalisation, operation time, revision rate, injury severity score (ISS), and complications were collected. The primary outcome measure was status at discharge.
Results
Within the first week after the flood, a total of 63 patients were documented. Forty-one patients were treated on an outpatient basis in the emergency unit, and 22 patients were hospitalised. Of those hospitalised, 15 patients needed surgical treatment in the operation theatre. The most common injuries were fractures of the lower extremity (n = 7) and soft tissue wounds (n = 4). Overall, 20 surgeries were performed; the mean hospital stay was 7.2 ± 6.4 days, and the mean ISS was 5.7 ± 2.7.
Conclusion
The July 2021 flood disaster was one of the largest in German history. The included patients showed complex injuries of various types. Because of the effects of climate change, orthopaedic surgeons might face higher numbers of casualties affected by natural disasters. Learning more about the management and profile of these injuries can become a future challenge for orthopaedic and trauma surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gathen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Kristian Welle
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Jaenisch
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adnan Kasapovic
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charlotte Rommelspacher
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Suncana Novosel
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Roos
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Koroush Kabir
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Sayeb Y, Jebri M, Ghezala HB. A graph based recommender system for managing Covid-19 Crisis. PROCEDIA COMPUTER SCIENCE 2022; 196:348-355. [PMID: 35035620 PMCID: PMC8745932 DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The paper aims to present a graph based recommender system for managing the Covid-19 crisis by considering patient and medical staff data. Working with limited number of medical staff, require optimization when creating the appropriate medical staff to assist patient. Patient medical files usually contain more information about the patient diseases and symptoms. In this paper the recommender system at first analyses the patient medical files to find and decide which profile of medical staff could assist efficiency this patient in a crisis situation. Second the recommender system by taking into account the availability of the medical staff will try to propose others doctors with the same profile and the nearest competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemna Sayeb
- RIADI, National School of Computer Sciences, Manouba University, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Jebri
- RIADI, National School of Computer Sciences, Manouba University, Tunisia
| | - Henda Ben Ghezala
- RIADI, National School of Computer Sciences, Manouba University, Tunisia
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16
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Redwood-Campbell L, Arora N, Hunt M, Schwartz L, Vanstone M, Hildebrand A, Sharma S, Sohani S. Domestic application of lessons learned by Canadian health care professionals working in international disaster settings: a qualitative research study. CMAJ Open 2022; 10:E213-E219. [PMID: 35292479 PMCID: PMC8929424 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with prior experience in international disaster response represent an essential source of expertise to support disaster response in their home countries. Our objective was to explore the experiences of personnel involved in international emergency health response regarding their perceptions of essential disaster response attributes and capacities and determine how these competencies apply to the Canadian context. METHODS For this qualitative study, we conducted semistructured interviews with key informants in person or over the telephone from May to December 2018. Participants were delegates deployed as part of the Canadian Red Cross medical response team in a clinical or technical, or administrative role within the last 5 years. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Conventional content analysis was performed on the transcripts, and themes were developed. RESULTS Eighteen key informants from 4 Canadian provinces provided perspectives on individual attributes acquired during international deployments, such as agility and stress management, and team capacities developed, including collaboration and conflict management. Key informants, including administrators (n = 5), technicians (n = 4), nurses (n = 4), physicians (n = 3) and psychosocial support workers (n = 2), described these experiences as highly relevant to the Canadian domestic context. INTERPRETATION Canadian physicians and health care workers involved with international disaster response have already acquired essential capacities, and this experience can be vital to building efficient disaster response teams in Canada. These findings complement the Canadian Medical Education Directives for Specialists (CanMEDS) roles and can inform course design, competency and curriculum development for physician and professional training programs related to disaster response and preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Redwood-Campbell
- Department of Family Medicine (Redwood-Campbell, Arora, Vanstone), McMaster University, David Barley Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University (Hunt); Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (Hunt), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University (Schwartz, Hildebrand), Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Sharma), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Global Health Unit (Sohani), Canadian Red Cross National Office, Ottawa, Ont.
| | - Neha Arora
- Department of Family Medicine (Redwood-Campbell, Arora, Vanstone), McMaster University, David Barley Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University (Hunt); Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (Hunt), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University (Schwartz, Hildebrand), Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Sharma), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Global Health Unit (Sohani), Canadian Red Cross National Office, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Matthew Hunt
- Department of Family Medicine (Redwood-Campbell, Arora, Vanstone), McMaster University, David Barley Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University (Hunt); Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (Hunt), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University (Schwartz, Hildebrand), Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Sharma), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Global Health Unit (Sohani), Canadian Red Cross National Office, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Lisa Schwartz
- Department of Family Medicine (Redwood-Campbell, Arora, Vanstone), McMaster University, David Barley Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University (Hunt); Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (Hunt), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University (Schwartz, Hildebrand), Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Sharma), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Global Health Unit (Sohani), Canadian Red Cross National Office, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Meredith Vanstone
- Department of Family Medicine (Redwood-Campbell, Arora, Vanstone), McMaster University, David Barley Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University (Hunt); Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (Hunt), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University (Schwartz, Hildebrand), Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Sharma), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Global Health Unit (Sohani), Canadian Red Cross National Office, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Alexandra Hildebrand
- Department of Family Medicine (Redwood-Campbell, Arora, Vanstone), McMaster University, David Barley Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University (Hunt); Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (Hunt), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University (Schwartz, Hildebrand), Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Sharma), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Global Health Unit (Sohani), Canadian Red Cross National Office, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Simran Sharma
- Department of Family Medicine (Redwood-Campbell, Arora, Vanstone), McMaster University, David Barley Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University (Hunt); Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (Hunt), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University (Schwartz, Hildebrand), Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Sharma), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Global Health Unit (Sohani), Canadian Red Cross National Office, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Salim Sohani
- Department of Family Medicine (Redwood-Campbell, Arora, Vanstone), McMaster University, David Barley Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University (Hunt); Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (Hunt), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University (Schwartz, Hildebrand), Hamilton, Ont.; School of Medicine (Sharma), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Global Health Unit (Sohani), Canadian Red Cross National Office, Ottawa, Ont
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Chu E, Lubis N, Alcock R. Improving mass casualty planning in low resource settings: Médecins Sans Frontières and International Committee of the Red Cross perspective. Br J Anaesth 2021; 128:e92-e96. [PMID: 34872720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass casualty events occur on a regular although unpredictable basis within the contexts of both Mèdecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) activities. The frequency of both natural disasters and other mass casualty incidents is increasing with urbanisation and industrialisation, compounded by climate change and conflict. Both organisations have recognised that the historical training focus on full-scale mass casualty simulations has not always been followed through to the resolution of action points and dissemination of learning. Staff training for mass casualty management has been variable. This led MSF and ICRC to develop a multimodal approach to assist development of mass casualty plans and preparedness. Capitalising on our presence in these contexts we are incorporating our experience of quality improvement and change management to complement simulation to 'stress and test' systems. We examine the challenges and share our efforts to improve training of staff in field projects across both MSF and ICRC and discussing future innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Chu
- Médecins Sans Frontières Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Médecins Sans Frontières Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Alcock
- International Committee of the Red Cross Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Preparedness for Mass Casualty Incidents: The Effectiveness of Current Training Model. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:2120-2128. [PMID: 34711298 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The importance of MCI organization and training was highlighted by the events of September 11, 2001. Training focuses on the management of physical injuries caused by a single traumatic event over a well-defined, relatively short timeframe. MCI management is integrated into surgical and trauma training, with disaster management training involving the emergency services, law enforcement, and state infrastructure agencies. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed gaps in the preparedness of nation states and global partners in disaster management. The questions that arose include 'has training really prepared us for an actual emergency,' 'what changes need to be made to training to make it more effective,' and 'who else should training be extended to?' This article focuses on the importance of involving multiple sectors in mass casualty training and asks whether greater involvement of non-medical agencies and the public, in operational drills might improve preparedness for global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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19
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Ardekani A, Rahimian Z, Feili A, Amini M, Tabari P, Moosavi M. Competencies required for medical students to confront the COVID-19 pandemic: A needs assessment study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:326. [PMID: 34761012 PMCID: PMC8552280 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1358_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has turned attention to the essential competencies needed to confront pandemics for a physician. However, medical students, as future physicians, are not adequately trained for such a situation. This study aimed to determine the essential competencies for a medical student to face the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed this mixed-method needs assessment study at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in May-June 2020 in three steps: the first step was a brainstorming session followed by a nominal group technique with the experts' participation. The second step was determining the validity of competencies by calculating the content validity ratio. In the third and last step, three rounds of the modified Delphi technique were held with the participation of 22 medical faculty members and 45 undergraduate medical students to reach a consensus about the competencies utilizing quantitative analysis. RESULTS A total of 30 key competencies essential for a medical student were obtained through the current study. They were categorized into four major themes: (1) developing knowledge and abilities for effective diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, (2) demonstrating safety principles correctly, (3) demonstrating effective behavior, and (4) determining the meta-competencies. CONCLUSIONS Although medical students will be the frontline physicians in the future pandemics, they are not prepared to display the diversity of requisite skills to practice effectively and safely. This study provides essential competencies for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic and underlines the importance of a paradigm shift from traditional time-based to competency-based education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ardekani
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimian
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afrooz Feili
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Amini
- Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parinaz Tabari
- Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Moosavi
- Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Hugelius K, Edelbring S, Blomberg K. Prehospital major incident management: how do training and real-life situations relate? A qualitative study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048792. [PMID: 34556511 PMCID: PMC8461747 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between preparations and real-life experiences among prehospital major incident commanders. DESIGN An explorative, qualitative design was used. SETTING Prehospital major incidents in Sweden. Data were collected between December 2019 and August 2020. PARTICIPANTS Prehospital major incident commanders (n=15) with real-life experiences from major events, such as fires, bus accidents, a bridge collapse and terrorist attacks, were included. All but one had participated in 2-day training focusing on the prehospital management of major incidents. In addition, about half of the participants had participated in simulation exercises, academic courses and other training in the management of major incidents. METHODS Data from two-session individual interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS The conformity between real-life major incidents and preparations was good regarding prehospital major incident commanders' knowledge of the operational procedures applied in major incidents. However, the preparations did not allow for the complexities and endurance strategies required in real-life incidents. Personal preparations, such as mental preparedness or stress management, were not sufficiently covered in the preparations. To some extent, professional experience (such as training) could compensate for the lack of formal preparations. CONCLUSIONS This study identified perceived gaps between preparations and real-life experiences of being a prehospital major incident commander. To minimise the gaps between demands and expectations on perceived control and to better prepare individuals for being prehospital major incident commanders, the training and other preparations should reflect complexities of real-life incidents. Preparations should develop both technical skills required, such as principles and methodology used, and personal preparedness. Personal preparations should include improving one's mental preparedness, self-knowledge and professional self-confidence required to successfully act as a prehospital incident commander. Since little is known about what pedagogical methods that should be used to enhance this, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hugelius
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Samuel Edelbring
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Karin Blomberg
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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21
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Ponampalam R, Pong JZ, Wong XY. Medical students as disaster volunteers: A strategy for improving emergency department surge response in times of crisis. World J Crit Care Med 2021; 10:163-169. [PMID: 34616653 PMCID: PMC8462026 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i5.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disasters resulting in mass casualty incidents can rapidly overwhelm the Emergency Department (ED). To address critical manpower needs in the ED’s disaster response, medical student involvement has been advocated. Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School is in proximity to Singapore General Hospital and represents an untapped manpower resource. With appropriate training and integration into ED disaster workflows, medical students can be leveraged upon as qualified manpower. This review provides a snapshot of the conceptualization and setting up of the Disaster Volunteer Corps – a programme where medical students were recruited to receive regular training and assessment from emergency physicians on disaster response principles to fulfil specific roles during a crisis, while working as part of a team under supervision. We discuss overall strategy and benefits to stakeholders, emphasizing the close symbiotic relationship between academia and healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ponampalam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Zhenwen Pong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Xiang-Yi Wong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Brunero S, Dunn S, Lamont S. Development and effectiveness of tabletop exercises in preparing health practitioners in violence prevention management: A sequential explanatory mixed methods study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 103:104976. [PMID: 34051542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence in healthcare remains a significant issue for healthcare professional, in terms of risk to patients and staff. One part of a workplace violence prevention and management programme is to educate staff in their response to critical events. Drawn from the disaster management literature, tabletop exercises were used in this study to simulate workplace violence and educate staff on the appropriate emergency response during a violent event. The use of tabletop exercise in this context is a novel approach to workplace violence prevention management. AIM AND OBJECTIVE This study describes the development and effectiveness of tabletop exercises in preparing health practitioners in violence prevention and management emergency response systems. METHODS Using a sequential explanatory mixed method design. The study comprised of two phases 1) quasi-experimental (quantitative) and 2) focus group (qualitative) to evaluate the effectiveness of the violence prevention management tabletop exercises. COREQ guidelines were followed the qualitative arm of the study and the TREND statement for the quantitative part of the study. RESULTS Statistically significant improvements in healthcare professional confidence levels were found two weeks post the tabletop exercises. A post focus group revealed three categories concerning the participant's experiences of the tabletop exercises, (role clarity, adult learning and organisational support). CONCLUSION Tabletop exercise may provide a, low cost, context specific novel approach to educating staff in emergency violence response systems at a tertiary referral hospital. Educators and policy makers may consider the use of tabletop exercises in the ongoing work in preparing health care staff for workplace violence. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Successful tabletop exercises should consider a local ward level context, the use of adult learning principles, have high level organisational support and cover role clarity as a key learning area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Brunero
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia..
| | - Sarah Dunn
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| | - Scott Lamont
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW, Australia.
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Richmond JG, Tochkin J, Hertelendy AJ. Canadian health emergency management professionals' perspectives on the prevalence and effectiveness of disaster preparedness activities in response to COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2021; 60:102325. [PMID: 36570631 PMCID: PMC9764162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Emergency management (EM) professionals play an integral role in preparing healthcare organizations for disasters but evidence of their pervasiveness in Canadian healthcare is limited. Through an exploratory Canada-wide survey of EM in healthcare organizations, we aim to develop understanding of the prevalence and effectiveness of the disaster preparedness activities enacted in preparation for COVID-19. The online survey generated 161 responses; 150 (93%) had EM responsibility. EM reported that reviewing infectious disease (pandemic) plans and protocols was the most widespread activity (82%), while simulation-based exercises was the least (26%). Organizational incident management response to COVID-19 was led by a sole 'incident commander' 61% of the time, while 39% of 'incident commands' were led by multiple individuals. Of all those assigned to lead IM, only 68% received training in that role. Overall, the prevalence of disaster preparedness activities in healthcare organizations was positively associated with leaders who received training in incident response and having a dedicated EM resource. Meanwhile, the overall effectiveness of activities was positively correlated with having a sole 'incident commander' and was found to improve as the overall prevalence of activities rose. The study provides strong evidence for regional, organizational, and EM resource variation in the delivery of disaster preparedness activities and training for leaders in Canadian healthcare. Hence, we recommend the creation of a national health emergency preparedness system which includes legislated standards and a national training centre to ensure Canadian healthcare is bolstered against future disasters including pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Richmond
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Attila J Hertelendy
- Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, College of Business, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chou WK, Cheng MT, Lin CH, Shih FY. The Effectiveness of Functional Exercises for Teaching Method Disaster Medicine to Medical Students. Cureus 2021; 13:e15151. [PMID: 34178486 PMCID: PMC8216576 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Functional exercises are effective for testing disaster management training. Previously, we found that functional exercises promote student engagement and improve the perception of learning after exercise. Objective The study objective is to investigate whether functional exercise is effective for teaching disaster medicine. Methods Students who partook in a two-day course of disaster medicine were recruited. The course consisted of lectures and workshops followed by a half-day functional exercise and was designed based on four core competency domains which included major disaster medicine concepts. After the lectures and workshops, participants completed a test to assess their knowledge of the core competency domains and a questionnaire to evaluate their willingness to pursue further training and participate in a disaster medical assistance team (DMAT) and their interest in disaster exercises. The functional exercise involved the scenario of an earthquake and mass-casualty incident and participants acted as DMAT members in the exercise. A post-exercise debrief was conducted by the evaluators to discuss performance and evaluate the results of the exercise. Participants then completed the same tests and questionnaires as before the exercise. Results Ninety-seven students were recruited, 72 of which were medical students. Pre- and post-exercise tests and questionnaires were completed by 48. We found disaster scene safety knowledge to be significantly improved after the functional exercise. Students’ willingness for further training and participation in a DMAT as well as their interest in disaster training was high before and after the exercise. Conclusion Disaster scene safety is a vital element of disaster medicine training but it is difficult to teach. Functional exercises represent a good tool for this purpose and can maintain enthusiasm for learning and participating in disaster medicine-related activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kuo Chou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, TWN
| | - Ming-Tai Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, TWN
| | - Chien-Hao Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, TWN
| | - Fuh-Yuan Shih
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, TWN
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Health Workforce Development in Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management: The Need for Evidence-Based Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073382. [PMID: 33805225 PMCID: PMC8037083 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 placed human health at the centre of disaster risk reduction, calling for the global community to enhance local and national health emergency and disaster risk management (Health EDRM). The Health EDRM Framework, published in 2019, describes the functions required for comprehensive disaster risk management across prevention, preparedness, readiness, response, and recovery to improve the resilience and health security of communities, countries, and health systems. Evidence-based Health EDRM workforce development is vital. However, there are still significant gaps in the evidence identifying common competencies for training and education programmes, and the clarification of strategies for workforce retention, motivation, deployment, and coordination. Initiated in June 2020, this project includes literature reviews, case studies, and an expert consensus (modified Delphi) study. Literature reviews in English, Japanese, and Chinese aim to identify research gaps and explore core competencies for Health EDRM workforce training. Thirteen Health EDRM related case studies from six WHO regions will illustrate best practices (and pitfalls) and inform the consensus study. Consensus will be sought from global experts in emergency and disaster medicine, nursing, public health and related disciplines. Recommendations for developing effective health workforce strategies for low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries will then be disseminated.
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Goniewicz K, Goniewicz M, Włoszczak-Szubzda A, Burkle FM, Hertelendy AJ, Al-Wathinani A, Molloy MS, Khorram-Manesh A. The importance of pre-training gap analyses and the identification of competencies and skill requirements of medical personnel for mass casualty incidents and disaster training. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:114. [PMID: 33422033 PMCID: PMC7796807 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective preparedness to respond to mass casualty incidents and disasters requires a well-planned and integrated effort by all involved professionals, particularly those who are working in healthcare, who are equipped with unique knowledge and skills for emergencies. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the level of knowledge and skills related to mass casualty and disaster management in a cohort of healthcare professionals. Methods A cross-sectional brief study was conducted using a validated and anonymous questionnaire, with a sample of 134 employees at a clinical hospital in Lublin, Poland. Results The findings of this study may indicate a need for standardization of training for hospitals employees. It also suggests a knowledge gap between different professional groups, which calls for adjusting such general training, to at least, the weakest group, while special tasks and mission can be given to other groups within the training occasion. Conclusion Pre-Training gap analyses and identification of participants’ competencies and skills should be conducted prior to training in mass casualty incidents and disasters. Such analyses provides an opportunity to develop training curriculum at various skill and knowledge levels from basic to advance. All training in mass casualty incidents and disasters should be subject to ongoing, not just periodic, evaluation, in order to assess continued competency. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10165-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Goniewicz
- Department of Aviation Security, Military University of Aviation, 08-521, Dęblin, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Goniewicz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Frederick M Burkle
- Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Attila J Hertelendy
- Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, College of Business, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Wathinani
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Sean Molloy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wexford General Hospital, Wexford, Y35 Y17D, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Donnybrook, D4, Ireland.,BIDMC Fellowship in Disaster Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, 457 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amir Khorram-Manesh
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Research Advisor, Department of Development and Research, Armed Forces Center for Defense Medicine, 426 76, Gothenburg, Västra Frölunda, Sweden
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Yokogawa T, Yoshikawa E, Abe H, Tateishi S, Mori K. Competencies of occupational health professionals for disaster management based on their own experiences. ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1539/eohp.2020-0023-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yokogawa
- Shizuoka Health Care Office, Health Care Center, Central Japan Railway Company
| | | | - Hitomi Abe
- Tokai University, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Seiichiro Tateishi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Koji Mori
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Global Research on Public Health Emergency Preparedness From 1997 to 2019: A Bibliometric Analysis. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 16:153-162. [PMID: 32892768 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To access the trends and focuses of publications on public health emergency preparedness in the timeframe 1997-2019. METHODS Publications related to public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analyses including output statistics, co-authorship analysis, citation analysis, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence analysis were performed and mapped using VOSviewer. RESULTS A total of 1058 publications on PHEP were included in this study. There was an increasing trend of publication output and citations since 2002. A total of 4605 authors from 1587 institutes and 92 countries contributed to the publications, and the United States lead the field. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness was the most active and co-cited journal among 243 journals. The knowledge foundation mainly focused on the professionals' capacity, education, and conceptions of PHEP. Epidemics, natural disasters, terrorism, education, and communication were the principle topics; while "vulnerable populations," "disaster medicine," and "hurricane" were the recent hotspots in this field. CONCLUSIONS Significant progresses had been achieved worldwide in the past 2 decades, however, improvement of research activity and international collaboration is still a need for most countries.
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Sheng Q, Zhang X, Wang X, Cai C. The influence of experiences of involvement in the COVID-19 rescue task on the professional identity among Chinese nurses: A qualitative study. J Nurs Manag 2020; 28:1662-1669. [PMID: 32770772 PMCID: PMC7436396 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims To explore the influence of experiences of involvement in the COVID‐19 rescue task on professional identity among Chinese nurses from a qualitative method perspective. Background Professional identity of nurses is not static and easily affected by many factors. The COVID‐19 epidemic brings the tremendous physical and psychological challenges for rescue nurses. At present, there are limited data on the influence of rescue experiences on the nurses’ professional identity. Methods This study used a face‐to‐face interview with semi‐structured questions to learn about the influence of rescue experiences on the professional identity of nurses. Purposeful sampling was used to collect participants (n = 14), and interview data were analysed following the Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis. Results The ‘impression of exhaustion and fear’, ‘feeling the unfairness’, ‘perceiving incompetence in rescue task’ and ‘unexpected professional benefits’ were the main factors affecting the professional identity of rescue nurses. Conclusion The present study showed that special attention and targeted support measures should be provided to improve the professional identity of rescue nurses. Implications for Nursing Management Nurse managers should make a post‐epidemic recovery plan to help nurses to improve the professional identity. Designed education programmes and complete disaster response system should be developed to deal with infection disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sheng
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuchang, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuchang, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuchang, China
| | - Chunfeng Cai
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuchang, China
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Lavin RP, Veenema TG, Langan JC, Charney RL, Zimmerman RS, Bender A. Zika and Flint Water Public Health Emergencies: Disaster Training Tool Kits Relevant to Pregnant Women and Children. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2020; 33:229-237. [PMID: 31335850 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant women and children and individuals suffering from chronic illness are disproportionally impacted by public health emergencies. To meet the healthcare needs of these populations, the nursing workforce must be capable of responding in a timely and appropriate manner. The goal of this project was to create interactive and engaging evidence-based educational tool kits to advance healthcare provider readiness in the management of population health in response to the Zika and Flint Water crises. A multipronged, mixed-methods approach was used to identify essential education needs and required core competencies. Data were synthesized from discussion with key informants, review of relevant documents, and surveys of schools of nursing, public health, and medicine. The ADDIE model was used to integrate results into the development of the online learning tool kits using the ThingLink software program. An innovative online educational program to prepare healthcare providers to rapidly identify, mitigate, and manage the impact of the Zika and Flint Water crises upon pregnant women and children was implemented by the Society for the Advancement of Disaster Nursing. Innovative online learning tool kits can advance healthcare provider readiness by increasing knowledge and understanding of key components of specific public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta P Lavin
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee-Knoxville (Dr Lavin); Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Veenema); Schools of Nursing (Dr Langan) and Medicine (Dr Charney), Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri; LSU Health School of Nursing, New Orleans, Louisiana (Dr Zimmerman); and College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St Louis (Dr Bender)
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Rajesh G, Binnal A, H Pai MB, Nayak SV, Shenoy R, Rao A. Insights into Disaster Management Scenario among Various Health-Care Students in India: A Multi-Institutional, Multi-Professional Study. Indian J Community Med 2020; 45:220-224. [PMID: 32905107 PMCID: PMC7467202 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_104_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The frequency of occurrence of disasters is on the rise all over the world. Workforce shortage can be a major impediment toward efficient disaster management. Incorporation of other health-care workers along with conventional medical personnel might be critical for efficient and effective management of disasters. Objective The objective of this study was to assess various aspects pertaining to disaster management among various health-care students in India. Methods Final-year students pursuing medicine, dentistry, nursing, physiotherapy, pharmacy, Ayurveda, and homeopathy at various institutions in Mangalore, India, were the study participants. Participants' willingness to partake in disaster management and knowledge, attitude, behavior, and perceived effectiveness pertaining to disaster management was ascertained by a questionnaire method. Their previous history of training and familiarity with standard operating procedures was assessed. Results A total of 437 students belonging to seven health-care institutions participated in the study. Overall, 98.40% of the participants were willing to partake in disaster management. The mean knowledge, attitude, behavior, and perceived effectiveness scores were 49.19%, 81.75%, 47.28%, and 66.20%, respectively. Step-wise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that course (β = 0.247, P < 0.001), attitude (β = 0.154,P = 0.001), and behavior (β = 0.284, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of perceived effectiveness. Conclusions Participants in the present study revealed that they were willing to partake in disaster management. The participants also reported poor behavior and knowledge scores but appropriate attitude scores. The present study highlights the need for curriculum changes and policy implications for effective integration of various sectors for disaster management, particularly in developing nations such as India, which have a definite scarcity of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaghavendran Rajesh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Almas Binnal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mithun B H Pai
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S Vijayendranath Nayak
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Bukit Baru, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Ramya Shenoy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Rao
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Nybo SE, Klepser SA, Klepser M. Design of a disaster preparedness escape room for first and second-year pharmacy students. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2020; 12:716-723. [PMID: 32482275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Educational escape rooms assist students with the development of teamwork, augmentation of problem-solving skills, and reinforcement of key course concepts. In this report, we examined the feasibility of creating a bioterror preparedness escape room in a small enrollment pharmacy public health elective course. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING A bioterror preparedness escape room was developed for pharmacy students in a health elective course. The instructional objectives of training students in disaster preparedness were assessed via group readiness assessment tests in the scenario and individual readiness assessment tests after the completion of the activity. FINDINGS Twenty-eight students participated in the escape room activity in groups of 6 to 8 students (n = 4 observations) and all groups escaped. Student performance was higher on the initial attempts of three group readiness assessment tests (88 ± 16.0%, 82 ± 7.1%, 78 ± 12.0%) than in the final individual readiness assessment test (73.4 ± 20.4%). Students indicated that they found the educational escape room to be enjoyable (95.7%) and felt that all members of the team were involved in solving the problems (86.9%). SUMMARY A disaster preparedness educational escape room was designed and implemented in a public health elective for pharmacy students. Findings indicate that the educational escape room format is an effective method for reinforcing course content, however additional improvements could be made to the instructional design to enhance individual student knowledge retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eric Nybo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ferris State University College of Pharmacy, 220 Ferris Drive, Room PHR 211, Big Rapids, MI 49307, United States.
| | - Stephanie A Klepser
- OptiMed Health Partners, 6480 Technology Avenue, Suite A, Kalamazoo, MI 49009, United States
| | - Michael Klepser
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Ferris State University College of Pharmacy, United States.
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de Rooij D, Rebel R, Raab J, Hadjichristodoulou C, Belfroid E, Timen A. Development of a competency profile for professionals involved in infectious disease preparedness and response in the air transport public health sector. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233360. [PMID: 32437384 PMCID: PMC7241746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent infectious disease outbreaks highlight the importance of competent professionals with expertise on public health preparedness and response at airports. The availability of a competency profile for this workforce supports efficient education and training. Although competency profiles for infectious disease control professionals are available, none addresses the complex airport environment. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to develop a competency profile for professionals involved in infectious disease preparedness and response at airports in order to stimulate and direct further education and training. METHODS We developed the competency profile through the following steps: 1) extraction of competencies from relevant literature, 2) assessment of the profile in a national RAND modified Delphi study with an interdisciplinary expert group (n = 9) and 3) assessment of the profile in an international RAND modified Delphi study with an airport infectious disease management panel of ten European countries (n = 10). RESULTS We systematically studied two competency profiles on infectious disease control and three air transport guidelines on event management, and extracted 61 relevant competencies for airports. The two RAND modified Delphi procedures further refined the profile, mainly by specifying a competency's target group, the organizational level it should be present on, and the exact actions that should be mastered. The final profile, consisting of 59 competencies, covers the whole process from infectious disease preparedness, through the response phase and the recovery at airports. CONCLUSION We designed a profile to support training and exercising the multidisciplinary group of professionals in infectious disease management in the airport setting, and which is ready for use in practice. The many adaptations and adjustments that were needed to develop this profile out of existing profiles and air transport guidelines suggest that other setting-specific profiles in infectious disease control are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doret de Rooij
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Athena Institute, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebekka Rebel
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Athena Institute, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Raab
- Department of Organization Studies, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Evelien Belfroid
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aura Timen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Athena Institute, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Common Domains of Core Competencies for Hospital Health Care Providers in Armed Conflict Zones: A Systematic Scoping Review. Prehosp Disaster Med 2020; 35:442-446. [PMID: 32338234 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x20000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High rates of mortality and morbidity result from disasters of all types, including armed conflicts. Overwhelming numbers of casualties with a myriad of illnesses and patterns of injuries are common in armed conflicts, leading to unpredictable workloads for hospital health care providers (HCPs). Identifying domains of hospital HCPs' core competency for armed conflicts is essential to inform standards of care, educational requirements, and to facilitate the translation of knowledge into safe and quality care. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify the common domains of core competencies among HCPs working in hospitals in armed conflict areas. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework. The review considered primary research and peer-reviewed literature from the following databases: Ovid Medline, Ovid EmCare, Embase, and CINAHL, as well as the reference lists of articles identified for full-text review. Eligibility criteria were outlined a priori to guide the literature selection. RESULTS Four articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted in different countries and were published from 2011 through 2017. The methods included three surveys and one Delphi study. CONCLUSION This review maps the scope of knowledge, skills, and attitudes required by HCPs who are practicing in hospitals in areas of major armed conflict. Incorporation of identified core competency domains can improve the future planning, education, and training, and may enhance the HCPs' response in armed conflicts.
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Hu X, Chen H, Yu M. Exploring the non-technical competencies for on-scene public health responders in chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear emergencies: a qualitative study. Public Health 2020; 183:23-29. [PMID: 32413805 PMCID: PMC7167558 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to define and delineate specific non-technical competencies for first-line public health responders in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) emergencies in China. Study design A qualitative study was conducted in China involving interviews with key informants in the field of health response to CBRN disasters. Methods One-on-one in-depth interviews were carried out with 20 participants, including expert members of National Medical Response Teams for CBRN disasters, officials at emergency management authorities, and scholars of academic institutions related to CBRN emergency. Interviews were recorded using audio equipment, transcribed, and coded into codable passages as per grounded theory using NVivo software. Themes were identified within the transcriptions by using thematic analysis. Results A total of 159 codable passages were produced. Eight domains of non-technical core competencies were identified: (1) situation awareness, (2) communication skills, (3) collaboration, (4) resource management, (5) task management, (6) cultural competency, (7) austere environment skills, and (8) physical stamina. Conclusions The study identified a variety of competencies for on-scene public health responders in CBRN emergencies. The findings of this study could specifically benefit development of strategy and improvement of content of education and training. Further research that involves input from the disaster response community at large is needed for the validation of these competencies. Non-technical competencies affect performance of health response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) disasters. Austere environment skills and physical stamina are priority non-technical competencies for on-site public health responders in CBRN events. Effective CBRN health emergency training should integrate and synchronize courses based on non-technical/technical competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hu
- Department of Health Services Administration, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Health Services Administration, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - M Yu
- Department of Health Services Administration, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Health Services Administration, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Nontechnical Competency Framework for Health Professionals in All-Hazard Emergency Environment: A Systematic Review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 15:255-265. [PMID: 32029017 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize characteristics and commonalities of non-technical competency frameworks for health professionals in emergency and disaster. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Scopus, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar to identify original English-language articles related to development, evaluation or application of the nontechnical competency frameworks. Reviewers assessed identified articles for exclusion/inclusion criteria and abstracted data on study design, framework characteristics, and reliability/validity evidence. RESULTS Of the 9627 abstracts screened, 65 frameworks were identified from 94 studies that were eligible for result extraction. Sixty (63.8%) studies concentrated on clinical settings. Common scenarios of the studies were acute critical events in hospitals (44;46.8%) and nonspecified disasters (39;41.5%). Most of the participants (76; 80.9%) were clinical practitioners, and participants in 36 (38.3%) studies were multispecialty. Thirty-three (50.8%) and 42 (64.6%) frameworks had not reported evidence on reliability and validity, respectively. Fourteen of the most commonly involved domains were identified from the frameworks. CONCLUSIONS Nontechnical competency frameworks applied to multidisciplinary emergency health professionals are heterogeneous in construct and application. A fundamental framework with standardized terminology for the articulation of competency should be developed and validated so as to be accepted and adapted universally by health professionals in all-hazard emergency environment.
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Ughasoro MD, Esangbedo DO, Udorah IM. Health-Care Workers' Perspectives on Preparedness of Health-Care Facilities for Outbreak of Communicable Diseases in Nigeria: A Qualitative Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:1022-1028. [PMID: 30652657 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A high probability of another outbreak of communicable disease exists in sub-Saharan African countries, after the Ebola virus disease outbreak of 2014. Thus, health-care facility (HCF) preparedness for a prompt and effective response to disease outbreaks needs to be ascertained. In this study, Nigerian health-care workers' (HCWs) knowledge of preparedness, perception of the level of preparedness existing in these HCFs, militating factors, and possible ways to improve, were evaluated through qualitative data collection, using focus group discussion and in-depth interview. Among the 193 HCWs which participated in the study, the perception of 190 (98.4%) was that their HCFs were insufficiently equipped to respond to disease outbreaks. None of the facilities had an emergency operation unit (EOU). Most HCWs perceived preparedness as observation of universal precautions. Other aspects of preparedness, such as training, routine emergency drills, disease surveillance, waste management, and design and location of HCFs were minimally mentioned. None of the participants had undergone any form of emergency drill training. Among the suggestions of how to improve on preparedness were immunization of staff, improved inter-departmental communication within the HCF, and routine training. The overall poor level of preparedness which exists in the HCFs means that they cannot prevent or contain a communicable disease outbreak. There is a need to improve universal precautions, communication within the HCFs, and routine interpretation of surveillance data by epidemiologists. There is also a need for the establishment of EOU in every HCF, a system that responds to, and manages emergency response to disease outbreaks, which also must be functional during non-outbreak periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maduka D Ughasoro
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
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Defining and Operationalizing Disaster Preparedness in Hospitals: A Systematic Literature Review. Prehosp Disaster Med 2019; 35:61-68. [PMID: 31826788 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x19005181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Societies invest substantial amounts of resources on disaster preparedness of hospitals. However, the concept is not clearly defined nor operationalized in the international literature. AIM This review aims to systematically assess definitions and operationalizations of disaster preparedness in hospitals, and to develop an all-encompassing model, incorporating different perspectives on the subject. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in five databases: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Disaster Information Management Research Centre, and SafetyLit. Peer-reviewed articles containing definitions and operationalizations of disaster preparedness in hospitals were included. Articles published in languages other than English, or without available full-text, were excluded, as were articles on prehospital care. The findings from literature were used to build a model for hospital disaster preparedness. RESULTS In the included publications, 13 unique definitions of disaster preparedness in hospitals and 22 different operationalizations of the concept were found. Although the definitions differed in emphasis and width, they also reflected similar elements. Based on an analysis of the operationalizations, nine different components could be identified that generally were not studied in relation to each other. Moreover, publications primarily focused on structure and process aspects of disaster preparedness. The aim of preparedness was described in seven articles. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This review points at an absence of consensus on the definition and operationalization of disaster preparedness in hospitals. By combining elements of definitions and components operationalized, disaster preparedness could be conceptualized in a more comprehensive and complete way than before. The model presented can guide future disaster preparedness activities and research.
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Characterizing the Current State of Training Courses Available to US Disaster Professionals. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 13:920-926. [DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective:The objective of this study is to characterize US-based disaster training courses available to disaster response and disaster health professionals. Its purpose is to better inform policies and decision-making regarding workforce and professional development to improve performance.Methods:Courses were identified from 4 inventories of courses: (1) National Library of Medicine Disaster Lit database; (2) TRAIN National Learning Network; (3) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) National Preparedness Course Catalog; and (4) Preparedness and Emergency Response Learning Centers. An online search used 30 disaster-related key words. Data included the course title, description, target audience, and delivery modality. Levels of learning, target capability, and function were categorized by 3 expert reviewers. Descriptive statistics were used.Results:There were 3662 trainings: 2380 (65%) for professionals (53% for public health); 83% of the courses were distance learning, with 16% via classroom. Half of all trainings focused on 3 of 37 disaster capabilities and 38% of them were related to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE). The educational approach was knowledge-based for all courses and 99.6% imparted only lower levels of learning.Conclusion:Despite thousands of courses available, there remain significant gaps in target audience, subject matter content, educational approaches, and delivery modalities, particularly for health and public health professionals.
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Yoon HY, Choi YK. The Development and Validation of the Perceived Competence Scale for Disaster Mental Health Workforce. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:816-828. [PMID: 31760717 PMCID: PMC6877459 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to validate a Perceived Competence Scale for Disaster Mental Health Workforce (PCS-DMHW) designed to measure the core competences of mental health workers in disaster response situations at individual and organizational levels. core competences essentially required in disaster response situations were defined on the basis of literature review, focus-group interview with disaster response professionals, and expert judgment. METHODS The preliminary items of the PCS-DMHW thus generated were administered to 509 participants consisted of mental health professionals and semi-professionals. The data retrieved from questionnaires were equally divided by two halves. The final items were determined through the exploratory factor analysis of the half data (n=255), and the construct validity was tested by performing the confirmatory factor analysis and criterion-related validity test of the remaining half data (n=254). RESULTS Three factors were derived from the individual competences scale; 1) perceived competence of knowledge and skill, 2) ethic, and 3) qualification. And three factors were derived from the organizational competence scale; 1) teamwork, 2) network, and 3) followship. CONCLUSION The PCS-DMHW demonstrated fairly high reliability and validity. Finally, the necessity of continuous validation study and the application modalities of this scale in education and training settings were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyae-Young Yoon
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyeung Choi
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Core Disaster Medicine Education (CDME) for Emergency Medicine Residents in the United States. Prehosp Disaster Med 2019; 34:473-480. [PMID: 31455462 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x19004746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disaster Medicine (DM) education for Emergency Medicine (EM) residents is highly variable due to time constraints, competing priorities, and program expertise. The investigators' aim was to define and prioritize DM core competencies for EM residency programs through consensus opinion of experts and EM professional organization representatives. METHODS Investigators utilized a modified Delphi methodology to generate a recommended, prioritized core curriculum of 40 DM educational topics for EM residencies. RESULTS The DM topics recommended and outlined for inclusion in EM residency training included: patient triage in disasters, surge capacity, introduction to disaster nomenclature, blast injuries, hospital disaster mitigation, preparedness, planning and response, hospital response to chemical mass-casualty incident (MCI), decontamination indications and issues, trauma MCI, disaster exercises and training, biological agents, personal protective equipment, and hospital response to radiation MCI. CONCLUSIONS This expert-consensus-driven, prioritized ranking of DM topics may serve as the core curriculum for US EM residency programs.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Teamwork is a critical aspect of patient care and is especially salient in response to multiple patient casualties. Effective training and measurement improve team performance. However, the literature currently lacks a scientifically developed measure of team performance within multiple causality scenarios, making training and feedback efforts difficult. The present effort addresses this gap by integrating the input of subject matter experts and the science of multicasualty teams and training to (1) identify overarching teamwork processes and corresponding behaviors necessary for team performance and (2) develop a behavioral observation tool to optimize teamwork in multicasualty training efforts. METHOD A search of articles including team performance frameworks associated with team training was conducted, leading to the identification of a total of 14 articles. Trained coders extracted teamwork processes and the corresponding team behaviors indicative of effective performance from these articles. Five subject matter experts were interviewed using the critical incident technique to identify additional behaviors. RESULTS Team situation awareness, team leadership, coordination, and information exchange emerged as the four core team processes required for team performance in scenarios with multiple patient casualties. Relevant behaviors and subbehaviors within these overarching processes were identified to inform a pilot behavioral framework of team performance. CONCLUSIONS The processes and associated behaviors identified within this effort serve as scientifically grounded behaviors of team performance in the case of multiple patient casualties simulated training scenarios. Future work can use and further refine these results to ensure that measures of team performance are grounded in specific, observable, and scientifically delineated behaviors.
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Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst-An Assessment of Flood Preparedness at Primary Health Care Facilities in Central Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122689. [PMID: 30501022 PMCID: PMC6313744 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Floods affect over 85 million people every year and are one of the deadliest types of natural disasters. The health effects of floods are partly due to a loss of access to health care. This loss can be limited with proper flood preparedness. Flood preparedness is especially needed at the primary health care (PHC) level. Flood preparedness assessments can be used to identify vulnerable facilities and help target efforts. The existing research on PHC flood preparedness is limited. We aimed to assess the flood preparedness of PHC facilities in a flood-prone province in central Vietnam. Methods: Based on flood experience, the PHC facilities in the province were grouped as "severe" (n = 23) or "non-severe" (n = 129). Assessments were conducted during monsoon season at five facilities from each group, using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Data were checked against official records when possible. Results: Nine of the ten facilities had a flood plan and four received regular flood preparedness training. Six facilities reported insufficient preparedness support. Half of the facilities had additional funding available for flood preparedness, or in case of a flood. Flood preparedness training had been received by 21/28 (75%) of the staff at the facilities with severe flood experience, versus 15/25 (52%) of the staff at the non-severe experience facilities. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the assessed PHC facilities were not sufficiently prepared for the expected floods during monsoon season. PHC flood preparedness assessments could be used to identify vulnerable facilities and populations in flood-prone areas. More research is needed to further develop and test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire.
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Verson J, Dyga N, Agbayani N, Serafin F, Hondros L. Design and implementation of a medical student hazardous materials response team: the Medical Student HazMat Team. Int J Emerg Med 2018; 11:38. [PMID: 31179945 PMCID: PMC6326151 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-018-0195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To design and implement a replicable disaster training curriculum for the first on-call medical student hazardous materials response team. Methods Twenty-eight first-year medical students participated in a simulated citywide bioterrorism disaster drill. Students were notified of the Code Orange via email, a pager system, and group SMS text message. Twenty-five students participated in the drill, while the three remaining student leaders worked with the ED staff and HazMat Branch Director to ensure that all protocols were followed properly. Five groups of five students took turns donning HazMat gear, decontaminating three mannequins (an infant, a child, and an unconscious adult), and then safely removing the gear. Results All modes of communication were received within 5 min, and all the students arrived at the ED within 20 min. The decontamination was determined to be sufficient by the team leader, Emergency Department staff, and HazMat Branch Director and was completed approximately 10 min after the entrance to the decontamination chamber. Conclusions Current US medical school curricula lack emergency preparedness training in response to potential terrorist attacks and hazardous material exposures. Our program, while still in its early workings, not only allows students to develop critical knowledge and practical skills but also provides a unique opportunity to leverage much-needed manpower and resources during emergency situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Verson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1603 W. Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Nicholas Dyga
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1603 W. Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nestor Agbayani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1603 W. Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fred Serafin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1603 W. Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis Hondros
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1603 W. Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL, USA
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Olu O, Usman A, Kalambay K, Anyangwe S, Voyi K, Orach CG, Azazh A, Mapatano MA, Nsenga N, Manga L, Woldetsadik S, Nguessan F, Benson A. What should the African health workforce know about disasters? Proposed competencies for strengthening public health disaster risk management education in Africa. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:60. [PMID: 29609618 PMCID: PMC5879558 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of efforts to implement the human resources capacity building component of the African Regional Strategy on Disaster Risk Management (DRM) for the health sector, the African Regional Office of the World Health Organization, in collaboration with selected African public health training institutions, followed a multistage process to develop core competencies and curricula for training the African health workforce in public health DRM. In this article, we describe the methods used to develop the competencies, present the identified competencies and training curricula, and propose recommendations for their integration into the public health education curricula of African member states. METHODS We conducted a pilot research using mixed methods approaches to develop and test the applicability and feasibility of a public health disaster risk management curriculum for training the African health workforce. RESULTS We identified 14 core competencies and 45 sub-competencies/training units grouped into six thematic areas: 1) introduction to DRM; 2) operational effectiveness; 3) effective leadership; 4) preparedness and risk reduction; 5) emergency response and 6) post-disaster health system recovery. These were defined as the skills and knowledge that African health care workers should possess to effectively participate in health DRM activities. To suit the needs of various categories of African health care workers, three levels of training courses are proposed: basic, intermediate, and advanced. The pilot test of the basic course among a cohort of public health practitioners in South Africa demonstrated their relevance. CONCLUSIONS These competencies compare favourably to the findings of other studies that have assessed public health DRM competencies. They could provide a framework for scaling up the capacity development of African healthcare workers in the area of public health DRM; however further validation of the competencies is required through additional pilot courses and follow up of the trainees to demonstrate outcome and impact of the competencies and curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olushayo Olu
- World Health Organization, PO Box 1324, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Abdulmumini Usman
- WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Kalula Kalambay
- International Public Health Disaster Risk Management Consultant, Gatineau, Canada
| | - Stella Anyangwe
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kuku Voyi
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Aklilu Azazh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mala Ali Mapatano
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ngoy Nsenga
- WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | | | - Francois Nguessan
- WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Angela Benson
- International Public Health and Disaster Risk Management Consultant, Monrovia, Liberia
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Lam SKK, Kwong EWY, Hung MSY, Pang SMC, Chiang VCL. Nurses' preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks: A literature review and narrative synthesis of qualitative evidence. J Clin Nurs 2018; 27:e1244-e1255. [PMID: 29193397 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore the core components that constitute nurses' preparedness in an epidemic event. BACKGROUND Healthcare service providers have worked to augment efforts to protect the public from the impact of epidemic events. While constituting the major healthcare taskforce, nurses are frequently tasked with fronting the response to an infectious disease outbreak. Given the crucial role of nurses in the management of prevailing epidemics, the constituents of their preparedness in epidemic events should be identified. DESIGN A systematic search was undertaken to identify eligible studies from the literature. A narrative synthesis approach was employed to extract and synthesise findings of the reviewed qualitative studies. METHODS Seven qualitative studies on nurses' experience and perceptions of epidemic events were examined for scientific quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist. Findings of these studies were synthesised adopting a narrative synthesis approach. RESULTS Three interplaying themes were identified as follows: (i) personal resources, (ii) workplace resources and (iii) situational influences. The findings suggest that an effective epidemic outbreak response would require further effort to reinforce the interplay between individual nurses, healthcare institutions and the governments. CONCLUSIONS The practical interplay among individual nurses, healthcare institutions and the governments is crucial in establishing an effective epidemic response. Further research on the understanding of the dynamic process of preparedness development is recommended to set future directions in research. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study offers important insights for devising future strategies in enhancing nurses' preparedness and response to an epidemic event. These include recommendations on providing education and training to nurses regarding infectious diseases, fostering institutional assistance and support in an outbreak and revising government policies and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley K K Lam
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Enid W Y Kwong
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Samantha M C Pang
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Vico C L Chiang
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Hewett EK, Nagler J, Monuteaux MC, Morin M, Devine M, Carestia M, Chung S. A Hazardous Materials Educational Curriculum Improves Pediatric Emergency Department Staff Skills. AEM EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2018; 2:40-47. [PMID: 30051064 PMCID: PMC6001829 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emergency department (ED) providers require competency in responding to hazardous materials (HAZMAT) events. The optimal strategies to teach HAZMAT response principles to ED providers and to ensure skill retention are not known. Our aim was to design, implement, and evaluate a multifaceted, interprofessional educational curriculum for pediatric ED staff to improve their skills, knowledge, and confidence in responding to a HAZMAT event. METHODS In this longitudinal cohort study, we created and assessed a 3-hour educational curriculum comprised of didactics, skills stations, a tabletop exercise, and a simulated multivictim disaster. Learning objectives included critical aspects of pediatric HAZMAT incident response with an emphasis on donning personal protective equipment (PPE). The primary outcome was the number of HAZMAT PPE donning steps correctly completed within 10 minutes at pre- and postcurriculum assessments measured using a 32-item checklist. Secondary outcomes included skill retention at 3 months, change in knowledge assessed using multiple-choice questions, and change in participant confidence. RESULTS Eighty-one of 84 participants (96%) completed the entire curriculum. Compared to the precurriculum assessment, participants completed more donning steps correctly after the intervention (mean increase = 58%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 48%-70%). Relative to the baseline, more steps were also correctly completed at 3 months (mean increase = 49%, 95% CI = 38%-61%). Performance on multiple-choice knowledge questions and confidence in skills also significantly increased from the pre- to postcurriculum assessments. CONCLUSIONS A newly developed HAZMAT educational curriculum improved skills-based performance, knowledge, and confidence in PPE and decontamination skills. Brief, multifaceted educational interventions for ED staff can effectively develop sustainable skills needed for uncommon emergency events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Hewett
- Division of Emergency MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA
- Division of Emergency MedicineChildren's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMCPittsburghPA
| | - Joshua Nagler
- Division of Emergency MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA
| | | | - Michele Morin
- Department of NursingBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA
| | - Mary Devine
- Department of Emergency ManagementBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA
| | - Michelle Carestia
- Department of Emergency ManagementBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA
| | - Sarita Chung
- Division of Emergency MedicineBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA
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TIER competency-based training course for the first receivers of CBRN casualties. Eur J Emerg Med 2017; 24:371-376. [DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Veenema TG, Lavin RP, Griffin A, Gable AR, Couig MP, Dobalian A. Call to Action: The Case for Advancing Disaster Nursing Education in the United States. J Nurs Scholarsh 2017; 49:688-696. [PMID: 28834616 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Climate change, human conflict, and emerging infectious diseases are inexorable actors in our rapidly evolving healthcare landscape that are triggering an ever-increasing number of disaster events. A global nursing workforce is needed that possesses the knowledge, skills, and abilities to respond to any disaster or large-scale public health emergency in a timely and appropriate manner. The purpose of this article is to articulate a compelling mandate for the advancement of disaster nursing education within the United States with clear action steps in order to contribute to the achievement of this vision. DESIGN AND METHODS A national panel of invited disaster nursing experts was convened through a series of monthly semistructured conference calls to work collectively towards the achievement of a national agenda for the future of disaster nursing education. FINDINGS National nursing education experts have developed consensus recommendations for the advancement of disaster nursing education in the United States. This article proposes next steps and action items to achieve the desired vision of national nurse readiness. CONCLUSIONS Novel action steps for expanding disaster educational opportunities across the continuum of nursing are proposed in response to the current compelling need to prepare for, respond to, and mitigate the impact of disasters on human health. U.S. educational institutions and health and human service organizations that employ nurses must commit to increasing access to a variety of quality disaster-related educational programs for nurses and nurse leaders. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Opportunities exist to strengthen disaster readiness and enhance national health security by expanding educational programming and training for nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tener Goodwin Veenema
- Beta Nu, Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Department Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing Center for Refugee and Disaster Response, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roberta Proffitt Lavin
- Associate Dean for Academic Programs, University of Missouri-St. Louis, College of Nursing, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne Griffin
- Clinical Investigator and Senior Program Manager, Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center, Office of Patient Care Services, Veterans Health Administration, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, North Hills, CA, USA
| | - Alicia R Gable
- Senior Project Director, Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center, Office of Patient Care Services, Veterans Health Administration, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, North Hills, CA, USA
| | - Mary Pat Couig
- Program Manager/Emergency Preparedness & Nurse Residency, Office of Nursing Services (ONS), Veterans Health Administration, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aram Dobalian
- Director, Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center, Office of Patient Care Services, Veterans Health Administration, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Director, Division of Health Systems Management and Policy, University of Memphis School of Public Health, Memphis, TN, USA
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How Do Doctors and Nurses in Emergency Departments in Hong Kong View Their Disaster Preparedness? A Cross-Sectional Territory-Wide Online Survey. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017; 12:329-336. [DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjectivesTo assess the level of all-hazards disaster preparedness and training needs of emergency department (ED) doctors and nurses in Hong Kong from their perspective, and identify factors associated with high perceived personal preparedness.DesignThis study was a cross-sectional territory-wide online survey conducted from 9 September to 26 October, 2015.ParticipantsThe participants were doctors from the Hong Kong College of Emergency Medicine and nurses from the Hong Kong College of Emergency Nursing.MethodsWe assessed various components of all-hazards preparedness using a 25-item questionnaire. Backward logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with perceived preparedness.ResultsA total of 107 responses were analyzed. Respondents lacked training in disaster management, emergency communication, psychological first aid, public health interventions, disaster law and ethics, media handling, and humanitarian response in an overseas setting. High perceived workplace preparedness, length of practice, and willingness to respond were associated with high perceived personal preparedness.ConclusionsGiven the current gaps in and needs for increased disaster preparedness training, ED doctors and nurses in Hong Kong may benefit from the development of core-competency-based training targeting the under-trained areas, measures to improve staff confidence in their workplaces, and efforts to remove barriers to staff willingness to respond. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018; 12: 329–336)
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