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Min CY, Gao Y, Jiang YN, Guo YK, Shi K, Yang ZG, Li Y. The additive effect of metabolic syndrome on left ventricular impairment in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease assessed by 3.0 T cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:133. [PMID: 38654269 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease and obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD), which usually have a poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the impact of MetS on left ventricular (LV) deformation and function in OCAD patients and investigate the independent factors of impaired LV function and deformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 121 patients with OCAD and 52 sex- and age-matched controls who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance scanning were enrolled in the study. All OCAD patients were divided into two groups: OCAD with MetS [OCAD(MetS+), n = 83] and OCAD without MetS [OCAD(MetS-), n = 38]. LV functional and global strain parameters were measured and compared among the three groups. Multivariable linear regression analyses were constructed to investigate the independent factors of LV impairment in OCAD patients. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to test the prediction efficiency of MetS for LV impairment. RESULTS From controls to the OCAD(MetS-) group to the OCAD(MetS+) group, LV mass (LVM) increased, and LV global function index (LVGFI) and LV global longitudinal peak strain (GLPS) decreased (all p < 0.05). Compared with the OCAD(MetS-) group, the LV GLPS declined significantly (p = 0.027), the LVM increased (p = 0.006), and the LVGFI decreased (p = 0.043) in the OCAD(MetS+) group. After adjustment for covariates in OCAD patients, MetS was an independent factor of decreased LV GLPS (β = - 0.211, p = 0.002) and increased LVM (β = 0.221, p = 0.003). The logistic multivariable regression analysis and ROC analysis showed that combined MetS improved the efficiency of predicting LV GLPS reduction (AUC = 0.88) and LVM (AUC = 0.89) increase. CONCLUSIONS MetS aggravated the damage of LV deformation and function in OCAD patients and was independently associated with LV deformation and impaired LV strain. Additionally, MetS increased the prediction efficiency of increased LVM and decreased LV GLPS. Early detection and intervention of MetS in patients with OCAD is of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Min
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Ning Jiang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying-Kun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 20# Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37# Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Li J, Feng Z, Lu B, Fang X, Huang D, Wang B. Resveratrol alleviates high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cell through AMPK/Sirt1 activation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101444. [PMID: 36926277 PMCID: PMC10011188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication of diabetes. DCM causes extensive lesions on cardiac microvasculature that is predominantly cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Reducing high glucose (HG)-induced damage such as oxidative damage and apoptosis could alleviate the development of DCM. The natural polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) is widely suggested as a cardioprotective agent that protect against DCM. However, limited evidence supports the protection of RSV against oxidative damage and apoptosis and study on the direct effects of RSV in CMEC is missing. Therefore, the current paper aimed to illustrate if RSV could attenuate oxidative stress and apoptosis in CMEC and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our data showed that HG elevated reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, decreased superoxide dismutase activity, increased apoptotic cell percentage in CMEC, which were reversed by RSV administration. In addition, RSV demonstrated antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in CMEC through AMPK/Sirt1 activation, further confirmed by AMPK inhibition or Sirt1 silencing. This study provides new evidence to support RSV as a potential cardioprotective alternative in treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Zikai Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Binger Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinzhe Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Danmei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Corresponding author.
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The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Its Therapeutic Implications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3790721. [PMID: 36111168 PMCID: PMC9470324 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3790721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the precise molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear, and it is still a challenging disease to diagnose and treat. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical part of the innate immune system in the host to defend against endogenous danger and pathogenic microbial infections. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in the overproduction of cytokines, primarily IL-1β and IL-18, and eventually, inflammatory cell death-pyroptosis. A series of studies have indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome activation participates in the development of DCM, and that corresponding interventions could mitigate disease progression. Accordingly, this narrative review is aimed at briefly summarizing the cell-specific role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DCM and provides novel insights into developing DCM therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Espírito-Santo DA, Cordeiro GS, Oliveira TWS, Santos LS, Silva RT, Costa CAS, Boaventura GT, Barreto-Medeiros JM. Exposure to a high-fat diet during intrauterine life and post-birth causes cardiac histomorphometric changes in rats: A systematic review. Life Sci 2022; 303:120658. [PMID: 35662554 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac histomorphometric changes are conditions present as an adaptive response to increased cardiovascular demand, such as in obesity or the consumption of a high-fat diet. Epidemiologic studies show an increase in maternal obese individuals, with repercussions on offspring cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to systematically review studies that evaluated cardiac histomorphometric changes in rodents exposed to a high-fat diet. DATA SOURCE PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science and Lilacs. DATA EXTRACTION Animal species, percentage of dietary fat, period and time of exposure and main cardiac change results were extracted. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 1687 studies were found, and 20 met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. A maternal high-fat diet was started 3 to 4 weeks before mating in most (70%) of the studies. Nutritional manipulation of offspring was initiated during pregnancy and maintained until the end of lactation in most (45%) of the studies. The fat percentage of high-fat diets ranged between 20% and 62%. The studies showed increases in cardiomyocytes, left ventricle size, and whole heart hypertrophy. Some studies showed increased thickness of the middle intima layer of the aorta and atherosclerosis. Studies that maintained a high-fat diet after the lactation period also showed an increase in cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSION Maternal exposure to a hyperlipidic diet in the fetal stages of cardiac development causes cardiac hypertrophy in offspring. The high variation in the dietary fat and the difference in the time and period of exposure of the offspring to the high - fat diet suggest the high degree of sensitivity of the cardiac structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djane A Espírito-Santo
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Gabriele S Cordeiro
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael T Silva
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos A S Costa
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo Baiano, Santo Antonio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gilson T Boaventura
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jairza M Barreto-Medeiros
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
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Yang Z, Xu R, Wang JR, Xu HY, Fu H, Xie LJ, Yang MX, Zhang L, Wen LY, Liu H, Li H, Yang ZG, Guo YK. Association of myocardial fibrosis detected by late gadolinium-enhanced MRI with clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055374. [PMID: 35017252 PMCID: PMC8753417 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis assessed the associations of myocardial fibrosis detected by late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE)-MRI with the risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with diabetes. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis reported in accordance with the guidelines of the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. DATA SOURCES We searched the Medline, Embase and Cochrane by Ovid databases for studies published up to 27 August 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Prospective or respective cohort studies were included if they reported the HR and 95% CIs for MACCEs/MACEs in patients with either type 1 or 2 diabetes and LGE-MRI-detected myocardial fibrosis compared with patients without LGE-MRI-detected myocardial fibrosis and if the articles were published in the English language. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies. Pooled HRs and 95% CIs were analysed using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using forest plots and I2 statistics. RESULTS Eight studies with 1121 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were included in this meta-analysis, and the follow-up ranged from 17 to 70 months. The presence of myocardial fibrosis detected by LGE-MRI was associated with an increased risk for MACCEs (HR: 2.58; 95% CI 1.42 to 4.71; p=0.002) and MACEs (HR: 5.28; 95% CI 3.20 to 8.70; p<0.001) in patients with diabetes. Subgroup analysis revealed that ischaemic fibrosis detected by LGE was associated with MACCEs (HR 3.80, 95% CI 2.38 to 6.07; p<0.001) in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that ischaemic myocardial fibrosis detected by LGE-MRI was associated with an increased risk of MACCEs/MACEs in patients with diabetes and may be an imaging biomarker for risk stratification. Whether LGE-MRI provides incremental prognostic information with respect to MACCEs/MACEs over risk stratification by conventional cardiovascular risk factors requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Rong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua-Yan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Fu
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Jun Xie
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Xi Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yi Wen
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying-Kun Guo
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
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许 笑, 储 全, 储 俊, 蔡 正, 轩 云, 罗 宝, 李 帅, 陈 静, 罗 世, 王 悦. [Effect of dissipating phlegm and blood stasis simultaneously on AGEs/RAGE axis and oxidative stress in rats with diabetic myocardial microangiopathy]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1527-1533. [PMID: 34755668 PMCID: PMC8586855 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.10.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of dissipating phlegm and blood stasis simultaneously for protecting cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) against high glucose-induced injury and the role of AGEs/RAGE axis in the underlying mechanism. METHODS The primary CMECs were isolated from rat heart by enzymatic digestion and identified by immunofluorescence assay. The CMECs exposed to 33 mmol/L glucose for 48 h were divided into model group (MC), resolving phlegm (RP) group, dissipating blood stasis (DBS) group, dissipating phlegm and blood stasis (RPDBS) group and ALT-711 group. After treatment with 10% drug-containing serum and ALT-711 for 48 h, the content of AGEs in the cells were measured with ELISA. The expressions of RAGE mRNA and protein were measured with real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting; The activity of NADPH oxidase and ROS level were measured by cytochrome c reduction and fluorescent probe DHE. RESULTS High glucose exposure significantly increased the content of AGEs, RAGE expressions at the protein and mRNA levels, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS level in the CMECs (P < 0.01). These changes were significantly mitigated by treatments with RP, DBS, RPDBS and ALT-711 (P < 0.01), among which RPDBS caused the most significant decrements in AGEs content, RAGE expression and NADPH oxidase activity (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The reduction of ROS level in the RPDBS group was significantly greater than that in RP group (P < 0.01), but similar to that in DBS group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Dissipating phlegm and blood stasis simultaneously can be helpful for prevention and treatment of diabetic myocardial microangiopathy by suppressing the excessive activation of AGEs-RAGE signal axis and oxidative stress, thus protecting CMECs against high glucose-induced damage. Dissipating phlegm and blood stasis simultaneously is better than either of the therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- 笑雯 许
- 安徽中医药大学,安徽 合肥 230038Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - 全根 储
- 安徽中医药大学,安徽 合肥 230038Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- 安徽中医药大学教育部新安医学重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230038Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - 俊 储
- 安徽中医药大学,安徽 合肥 230038Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- 安徽中医药大学教育部新安医学重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230038Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - 正银 蔡
- 安徽中医药大学,安徽 合肥 230038Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - 云 轩
- 安徽中医药大学,安徽 合肥 230038Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - 宝璐 罗
- 安徽中医药大学,安徽 合肥 230038Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - 帅 李
- 安徽中医药大学,安徽 合肥 230038Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - 静 陈
- 安徽中医药大学,安徽 合肥 230038Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - 世旷 罗
- 安徽中医药大学,安徽 合肥 230038Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - 悦琦 王
- 安徽中医药大学,安徽 合肥 230038Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
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Yagi K, Nagata Y, Yamagami T, Chujo D, Kamigishi M, Yokoyama‐Nakagawa M, Shikata M, Enkaku A, Takikawa‐Nishida A, Honoki H, Fujisaka S, Origasa H, Tobe K. High prevalence of fragmented QRS on electrocardiography in Japanese patients with diabetes irrespective of metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1680-1688. [PMID: 33567117 PMCID: PMC8409839 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiography is a marker of myocardial fibrosis and myocardial scar formation. This study aimed to clarify the relationship of fQRS with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Japanese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Approximately 702 individuals who had a routine health checkup at the Hokuriku Health Service Association (Toyama, Japan) in October 2014 were enrolled and categorized into one of the following four groups based on MetS and diabetes mellitus status: with diabetes mellitus (+) MetS+ (164 participants); diabetes mellitus+ without MetS (Mets-; 103 participants); diabetes mellitus- MetS+ (133 participants); and diabetes mellitus- MetS- (302 participants). fQRS was assessed using the results of electrocardiography. RESULTS The prevalence of fQRS was statistically higher in patients with diabetes mellitus+ MetS+ (37%) and diabetes mellitus+ MetS- (35%), than those with diabetes mellitus- MetS+ (14%) or diabetes mellitus- MetS- (10%; P < 0.0001). Significant differences were observed between the fQRS(+) and fQRS(-) groups for age, sex, waist circumference, heart rate, hypertension, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, MetS and diabetes mellitus. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for traditional risk factors and diabetes mellitus was 0.72 (P = 0.0007, 95% confidence interval 0.67-0.76), and for traditional risk factors and MetS it was 0.67 (P = 0.28, 95% confidence interval 0.62-0.72). Patients with diabetes mellitus had more than threefold higher likelihood of showing fQRS (odds ratio 3.41; 95% confidence interval 2.25-5.22; P < 0.0001) compared with the reference group without diabetes mellitus, after adjusting for age, sex, dyslipidemia, hypertension and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS fQRS was observed more frequently in diabetes mellitus patients than in MetS and control individuals. Diabetes mellitus was the most significant determinant for fQRS among MetS and other traditional metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunimasa Yagi
- 1st Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyamaJapan
| | - Yoshiki Nagata
- Laboratory of Preventive MedicineHokuriku Health Service AssociationToyamaJapan
| | - Takashi Yamagami
- Laboratory of Preventive MedicineHokuriku Health Service AssociationToyamaJapan
| | - Daisuke Chujo
- 1st Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyamaJapan
| | - Miki Kamigishi
- 1st Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyamaJapan
| | - Maki Yokoyama‐Nakagawa
- 1st Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyamaJapan
| | - Masataka Shikata
- 1st Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyamaJapan
| | - Asako Enkaku
- 1st Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyamaJapan
| | - Akiko Takikawa‐Nishida
- 1st Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyamaJapan
| | - Hisae Honoki
- 1st Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyamaJapan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- 1st Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyamaJapan
| | - Hideki Origasa
- Biostatistics and Clinical EpidemiologyUniversity of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyamaJapan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- 1st Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesToyamaJapan
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Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Heart Failure: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115863. [PMID: 34070765 PMCID: PMC8199383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) affects up to over 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), even more in the elderly. Although, in T2DM, both hyperglycemia and the proinflammatory status induced by insulin resistance are crucial in cardiac function impairment, SGLT2i cardioprotective mechanisms against HF are several. In particular, these beneficial effects seem attributable to the significant reduction of intracellular sodium levels, well-known to exert a cardioprotective role in the prevention of oxidative stress and consequent cardiomyocyte death. From a molecular perspective, patients’ exposure to gliflozins’ treatment mimics nutrient and oxygen deprivation, with consequent autophagy stimulation. This allows to maintain the cellular homeostasis through different degradative pathways. Thus, since their introduction in the clinical practice, the hypotheses on SGLT2i mechanisms of action have changed: from simple glycosuric drugs, with consequent glucose lowering, erythropoiesis enhancing and ketogenesis stimulating, to intracellular sodium-lowering molecules. This provides their consequent cardioprotective effect, which justifies its significant reduction in CV events, especially in populations at higher risk. Finally, the updated clinical evidence of SGLT2i benefits on HF was summarized. Thus, this review aimed to analyze the cardioprotective mechanisms of sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with HF, as well as their clinical impact on cardiovascular events.
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Li B, Yin J, Chang J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Huang H, Wang W, Zeng X. Apelin/APJ relieve diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing microvascular dysfunction. J Endocrinol 2021; 249:1-18. [PMID: 33504680 PMCID: PMC8052525 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microcirculatory injuries had been reported to be involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy, which was mainly related to endothelial cell dysfunction. Apelin, an adipokine that is upregulated in diabetes mellitus, was reported to improve endothelial cell dysfunction and attenuate cardiac insufficiency induced by ischemia and reperfusion. Therefore, it is hypothesized that apelin might be involved in alleviating endothelial cell dysfunction and followed cardiomyopathy in diabetes mellitus. The results showed that apelin improved endothelial cell dysfunction via decreasing apoptosis and expression of adhesion molecules and increasing proliferation, angiogenesis, and expression of E-cadherin, VEGFR 2 and Tie-2 in endothelial cells, which resulted in the attenuation of the capillary permeability in cardiac tissues and following diabetic cardiomyopathy. Meanwhile, the results from endothelial cell-specific APJ knockout mice and cultured endothelial cells confirmed that the effects of apelin on endothelial cells were dependent on APJ and the downstream NFκB pathways. In conclusion, apelin might reduce microvascular dysfunction induced by diabetes mellitus via improving endothelial dysfunction dependent on APJ activated NFκB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiming Yin
- Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangjia Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to X Zeng:
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Karwi QG, Ho KL, Pherwani S, Ketema EB, Sun QY, Lopaschuk GD. Concurrent diabetes and heart failure: interplay and novel therapeutic approaches. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:686-715. [PMID: 33783483 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing heart failure, and the co-existence of both diseases worsens cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalization and the progression of heart failure. Despite current advancements on therapeutic strategies to manage hyperglycemia, the likelihood of developing diabetes-induced heart failure is still significant, especially with the accelerating global prevalence of diabetes and an ageing population. This raises the likelihood of other contributing mechanisms beyond hyperglycemia in predisposing diabetic patients to cardiovascular disease risk. There has been considerable interest in understanding the alterations in cardiac structure and function in the diabetic patients, collectively termed as "diabetic cardiomyopathy". However, the factors that contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathies is not fully understood. This review summarizes the main characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathies, and the basic mechanisms that contribute to its occurrence. This includes perturbations in insulin resistance, fuel preference, reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, cell death pathways, neurohormonal mechanisms, advanced glycated end-products accumulation, lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, and posttranslational modifications in the heart of the diabetic. This review also discusses the impact of antihyperglycemic therapies on the development of heart failure, as well as how current heart failure therapies influence glycemic control in diabetic patients. We also highlight the current knowledge gaps in understanding how diabetes induces heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim L Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simran Pherwani
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ezra B Ketema
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qiu Yu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is an immunoglobulin-like receptor present on cell surface. RAGE binds to an array of structurally diverse ligands, acts as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and is expressed on cells of different origin performing different functions. RAGE ligation leads to the initiation of a cascade of signaling events and is implicated in diseases, such as inflammation, cancer, diabetes, vascular dysfunctions, retinopathy, and neurodegenerative diseases. Because of the significant involvement of RAGE in the progression of numerous diseases, RAGE signaling has been targeted through use of inhibitors and anti-RAGE antibodies as a treatment strategy and therapy. Here in this review, we have summarized the physical and physiological aspects of RAGE biology in mammalian system and the importance of targeting this molecule in the treatment of various RAGE mediated pathologies. Highlights Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of immunoglobulin superfamily of receptors and involved in many pathophysiological conditions. RAGE ligation with its ligands leads to initiation of distinct signaling cascades and activation of numerous transcription factors. Targeting RAGE signaling through inhibitors and anti-RAGE antibodies can be promising treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Jangde
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rashmi Ray
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vivek Rai
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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12
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Dang Z, Avolio E, Thomas AC, Faulkner A, Beltrami AP, Cervellin C, Carrizzo A, Maciag A, Gu Y, Ciaglia E, Finato N, Damato A, Spinetti G, Alenzi A, Paisey SJ, Vecchione C, Puca AA, Madeddu P. Transfer of a human gene variant associated with exceptional longevity improves cardiac function in obese type 2 diabetic mice through induction of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signalling pathway. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:1568-1581. [PMID: 32384208 PMCID: PMC8220375 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Homozygosity for a four-missense single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype of the human BPIFB4 gene is enriched in long-living individuals. Delivery of this longevity-associated variant (LAV) improved revascularisation and reduced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in mice through a mechanism involving the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). Here, we investigated if delivery of the LAV-BPIFB4 gene may attenuate the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with age-matched lean controls, diabetic db/db mice showed altered echocardiographic indices of diastolic and systolic function and histological evidence of microvascular rarefaction, lipid accumulation, and fibrosis in the myocardium. All these alterations, as well as endothelial dysfunction, were prevented by systemic LAV-BPIFB4 gene therapy using an adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV9). In contrast, AAV9 wild-type-BPIFB4 exerted no benefit. Interestingly, LAV-BPIFB4-treated mice showed increased SDF-1 levels in peripheral blood and myocardium and up-regulation of the cardiac myosin heavy chain isoform alpha, a contractile protein that was reduced in diabetic hearts. SDF-1 up-regulation was instrumental to LAV-BPIFB4-induced benefit as both haemodynamic and structural improvements were inhibited by an orally active antagonist of the SDF-1 CXCR4 receptor. CONCLUSIONS In mice with type-2 diabetes, LAV-BPIFB4 gene therapy promotes an advantageous remodelling of the heart, allowing it to better withstand diabetes-induced stress. These results support the viability of transferring healthy characteristics of longevity to attenuate diabetic cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Dang
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Anita C. Thomas
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Ashton Faulkner
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | | | | | - Anna Maciag
- Cardiovascular DepartmentIRCCS MultimedicaMilanItaly
| | - Yue Gu
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”University of SalernoBaronissi (SA)Italy
| | | | - Antonio Damato
- Vascular Pathophysiology Unit, IRCCS NeuromedPozzilliItaly
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Cardiovascular DepartmentIRCCS MultimedicaMilanItaly
| | - Aishah Alenzi
- PETIC, School of MedicineUniversity of CardiffCardiffUK
| | | | - Carmine Vecchione
- Vascular Pathophysiology Unit, IRCCS NeuromedPozzilliItaly
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”University of SalernoBaronissi (SA)Italy
| | - Annibale A. Puca
- Cardiovascular DepartmentIRCCS MultimedicaMilanItaly
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”University of SalernoBaronissi (SA)Italy
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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13
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Krog S, Ludvigsen TP, Nielsen OL, Kirk RK, Lykkegaard K, Wulff EM, Møller JE, Pedersen HD, Olsen LH. Myocardial Changes in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Nonhuman Primates. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:332-343. [PMID: 32096447 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820901332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic human patients have increased risk of heart failure compared to healthy subjects. The underlying mechanisms for this are not fully understood, and to help develop improved treatment strategies, well-characterized animal models are essential. To investigate cardiac dysfunction in diabetes, this study evaluated myocardial changes in 10 aging rhesus monkeys with and without diabetes. Based on evaluation of plasma glycosylated hemoglobin and glucose, 7 of 10 rhesus macaques had diabetes for a minimum of 11 months, while 3 of 10 were categorized as nondiabetic. A detailed histological examination of formalin-fixed left ventricular myocardial samples was followed by a semiquantitative evaluation of myocardial fibrosis and fat infiltration; digital quantifications of myocardial collagen, lipofuscin, and nuclear area fractions; and measurements of cardiomyocyte diameter. Histological myocardial evaluation revealed the presence of lipofuscin; large nuclei; interstitial, replacement, and vascular fibrosis; adipocyte infiltration; and vacuolar degeneration with atrophy of cardiomyocytes and fibrosis. However, there were no differences between groups for semiquantitative fat infiltration, fibrosis, cardiomyocyte size, collagen, or nuclear and lipofuscin area fraction. Lipofuscin area fraction correlated with plasma insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. In conclusion, myocardial pathological changes were found in left ventricular myocardium in aged rhesus macaques, independent of the stage of diabetes. The duration of diabetes might have been too short to cause differences between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Krog
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Ole L Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rikke K Kirk
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Drug Discovery, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Erik M Wulff
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Global Drug Discovery, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Jacob E Møller
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik D Pedersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Ellegaard Göttingen Minipigs A/S, Dalmose, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth H Olsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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14
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Ran Q, Wang J, Wang L, Zeng HR, Yang XB, Huang QW. Rhizoma coptidis as a Potential Treatment Agent for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:805. [PMID: 31396083 PMCID: PMC6661542 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has become a significant public health burden. Rhizoma coptidis (RC), known as Huang Lian, is widely used for treating diabetes in China. The bioactive compounds of RC, especially alkaloids, have the potential to suppress T2DM-induced lesions, including diabetic vascular dysfunction, diabetic heart disease, diabetic hyperlipidemia, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic encephalopathy, diabetic osteopathy, diabetic enteropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. This review summarizes the effects of RC and its bioactive compounds on T2DM and T2DM complications. Less research has been conducted on non-alkaloid fractions of RC, which may exert synergistic action with alkaloids. Moreover, we summarized the pharmacokinetic properties and structure-activity relationships of RC on T2DM with reference to extant literature and showed clearly that RC has potential therapeutic effect on T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Rong Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang-Bo Yang
- Ya'an Xun Kang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ya'an, China
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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15
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Bell DSH, Goncalves E. Heart failure in the patient with diabetes: Epidemiology, aetiology, prognosis, therapy and the effect of glucose-lowering medications. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1277-1290. [PMID: 30724013 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In people with type 2 diabetes the frequency of heart failure (HF) is increased and mortality from HF is higher than with non-diabetic HF. The increased frequency of HF is attributable to the cardiotoxic tetrad of ischaemic heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and an extracellular volume expansion resistant to atrial natriuretic peptides. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous systems results in cardiac remodelling, which worsens cardiac function. Reversal of remodelling can be achieved, and cardiac function improved in people with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) by treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-blockers. However, with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), only therapy for the underlying risk factors helps. Blockers of mineralocorticoid receptors may be beneficial in both HFrEF and HFpEF. Glucose-lowering drugs can have a negative effect (insulin, sulphonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and thiazolidinediones), a neutral effect (α-glucosidase inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) or a positive effect (sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and metformin).
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16
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Onal EM, Afsar B, Covic A, Vaziri ND, Kanbay M. Gut microbiota and inflammation in chronic kidney disease and their roles in the development of cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:123-140. [PMID: 30504819 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The health and proper functioning of the cardiovascular and renal systems largely depend on crosstalk in the gut-kidney-heart/vessel triangle. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota has an integral function in this crosstalk. Mounting evidence indicates that the development of chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases follows chronic inflammatory processes that are affected by the gut microbiota via various immune, metabolic, endocrine, and neurologic pathways. Additionally, deterioration of the function of the cardiovascular and renal systems has been reported to disrupt the original gut microbiota composition, further contributing to the advancement of chronic cardiovascular and renal diseases. Considering the interaction between the gut microbiota and the renal and cardiovascular systems, we can infer that interventions for the gut microbiota through diet and possibly some medications can prevent/stop the vicious cycle between the gut microbiota and the cardiovascular/renal systems, leading to a decrease in chronic cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine M Onal
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Afsar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, 'C.I. PARHON' University Hospital, and 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Schools of Medicine and Biological Science, University of California, California, CA, USA
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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17
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Gong FF, Campbell DJ, Prior DL. Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging and the Prediction of Heart Failure Progression in Preclinical Stage A/B Subjects. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 10:1504-1519. [PMID: 29216977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) continues to grow as a cause of morbidity and mortality in our community and presents a significant public health problem, predominantly in individuals ≥65 years of age. Early intervention in asymptomatic HF subjects (Stage A/B) at risk of progression to symptomatic HF (Stage C/D) may provide an opportunity to halt this epidemic. The ability of cardiac imaging to assess cardiac structure and function permits early identification of those at increased risk of developing symptomatic HF. Systolic, diastolic, and structural left ventricular parameters each predict symptomatic HF, but no single parameter has sufficient sensitivity for screening to identify individuals with Stage A/B HF who are at increased risk of disease progression. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) has the advantage over other imaging modalities in being able to measure systolic, diastolic, and structural left ventricular parameters, and it identified at least 1 abnormal parameter in >50% of individuals with Stage A/B HF ≥65 years of age. Moreover, identification of at least 1 abnormality according to TTE in individuals with Stage A/B HF ≥65 years of age had 72% to 82% sensitivity for detection of those who subsequently developed symptomatic HF. Therefore, a case can be made for cardiac imaging by using TTE for community-dwelling populations with Stage A/B HF ≥65 years of age to identify those with increased risk of symptomatic HF who can be offered preventative therapies. Further studies are required to determine the best strategy for identifying the risk of symptomatic HF in younger individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei Gong
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia; St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Duncan J Campbell
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia; St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - David L Prior
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia; Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy Australia.
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18
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LeWinter MM, Taatjes D, Ashikaga T, Palmer B, Bishop N, VanBuren P, Bell S, Donaldson C, Meyer M, Margulies KB, Redfield M, Bull DA, Zile M. Abundance, localization, and functional correlates of the advanced glycation end-product carboxymethyl lysine in human myocardium. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/20/e13462. [PMID: 29066596 PMCID: PMC5661230 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) play a role in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and possibly hypertension (HTN). In experimental DM, AGEs accumulate in myocardium. Little is known about AGEs in human myocardium. We quantified abundance, localization, and functional correlates of the AGE carboxymethyl lysine (CML) in left ventricular (LV) myocardium from patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting (CBG). Immunoelectron microscopy was used to quantify CML in epicardial biopsies from 98 patients (71 M, 27 F) with HTN, HTN + DM or neither (controls), all with normal LV ejection fraction. Myofilament contraction‐relaxation function was measured in demembranated myocardial strips. Echocardiography was used to quantify LV structure and function. We found that CML was abundant within cardiomyocytes, but minimally associated with extracellular collagen. CML counts/μm2 were 14.7% higher in mitochondria than the rest of the cytoplasm (P < 0.001). There were no significant sex or diagnostic group differences in CML counts [controls 45.6 ± 3.6/μm2 (±SEM), HTN 45.8 ± 3.6/μm2, HTN + DM 49.3 ± 6.2/μm2; P = 0.85] and no significant correlations between CML counts and age, HgbA1c or myofilament function indexes. However, left atrial volume was significantly correlated with CML counts (r = 0.41, P = 0.004). We conclude that in CBG patients CML is abundant within cardiomyocytes but minimally associated with collagen, suggesting that AGEs do not directly modify the stiffness of myocardial collagen. Coexistent HTN or HTN + DM do not significantly influence CML abundance. The correlation of CML counts with LAV suggests an influence on diastolic function independent of HTN, DM or sex whose mechanism remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M LeWinter
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont .,NHLBI Heart Failure Research Network, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas Taatjes
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Takamaru Ashikaga
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Bradley Palmer
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nicole Bishop
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Peter VanBuren
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.,NHLBI Heart Failure Research Network, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen Bell
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Cameron Donaldson
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Markus Meyer
- Cardiology Unit University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | | | - David A Bull
- NHLBI Heart Failure Research Network, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Zile
- Cardiology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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19
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Implications of Underlying Mechanisms for the Recognition and Management of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 71:339-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Senatus LM, Schmidt AM. The AGE-RAGE Axis: Implications for Age-Associated Arterial Diseases. Front Genet 2017; 8:187. [PMID: 29259621 PMCID: PMC5723304 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of advanced glycation leads to the generation and accumulation of an heterogeneous class of molecules called advanced glycation endproducts, or AGEs. AGEs are produced to accelerated degrees in disorders such as diabetes, renal failure, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and in aging. Further, AGEs are present in foods and in tobacco products. Hence, through both endogenous production and exogenous consumption, AGEs perturb vascular homeostasis by a number of means; in the first case, AGEs can cause cross-linking of long-lived molecules in the basement membranes such as collagens, thereby leading to “vascular stiffening” and processes that lead to hyperpermeability and loss of structural integrity. Second, AGEs interaction with their major cell surface signal transduction receptor for AGE or RAGE sets off a cascade of events leading to modulation of gene expression and loss of vascular and tissue homeostasis, processes that contribute to cardiovascular disease. In addition, it has been shown that an enzyme, which plays key roles in the detoxification of pre-AGE species, glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), is reduced in aged and diabetic tissues. In the diabetic kidney devoid of Ager (gene encoding RAGE), higher levels of Glo1 mRNA and GLO1 protein and activity were observed, suggesting that in conditions of high AGE accumulation, natural defenses may be mitigated, at least in part through RAGE. AGEs are a marker of arterial aging and may be detected by both biochemical means, as well as measurement of “skin autofluorescence.” In this review, we will detail the pathobiology of the AGE-RAGE axis and the consequences of its activation in the vasculature and conclude with potential avenues for therapeutic interruption of the AGE-RAGE ligand-RAGE pathways as means to forestall the deleterious consequences of AGE accumulation and signaling via RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Senatus
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Kidney, heart and brain: three organs targeted by ageing and glycation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1069-1092. [PMID: 28515343 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) is the generic term for a heterogeneous group of derivatives arising from a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins. In recent years, evidence has accumulated that incriminates AGEs in pathogenic processes associated with both chronic hyperglycaemia and age-related diseases. Regardless of their exogenous or endogenous origin, the accumulation of AGEs and their derivatives could promote accelerated ageing by leading to protein modifications and activating several inflammatory signalling pathways via AGE-specific receptors. However, it remains to be demonstrated whether preventing the accumulation of AGEs and their effects is an important therapeutic option for successful ageing. The present review gives an overview of the current knowledge on the pathogenic role of AGEs by focusing on three AGE target organs: kidney, heart and brain. For each of these organs we concentrate on an age-related disease, each of which is a major public health issue: chronic kidney disease, heart dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Even though strong connections have been highlighted between glycation and age-related pathogenesis, causal links still need to be validated. In each case, we report evidence and uncertainties suggested by animal or epidemiological studies on the possible link between pathogenesis and glycation in a chronic hyperglycaemic state, in the absence of diabetes, and with exogenous AGEs alone. Finally, we present some promising anti-AGE strategies that are currently being studied.
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22
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Lee WS, Kim J. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: where we are and where we are going. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:404-421. [PMID: 28415836 PMCID: PMC5432803 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of diabetes mellitus and its related complications are currently increasing. Diabetes mellitus affects the heart through various mechanisms including microvascular impairment, metabolic disturbance, subcellular component abnormalities, cardiac autonomic dysfunction, and a maladaptive immune response. Eventually, diabetes mellitus can cause functional and structural changes in the myocardium without coronary artery disease, a disorder known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). There are many diagnostic tools and management options for DCM, although it is difficult to detect its development and effectively prevent its progression. In this review, we summarize the current research regarding the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of DCM. Moreover, we discuss emerging diagnostic evaluation methods and treatment strategies for DCM, which may help our understanding of its underlying mechanisms and facilitate the identification of possible new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Jaetaek Kim, M.D. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea Tel: +82-2-6299-1397 Fax: +82-2-6299-1390 E-mail:
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23
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Linssen PB, Henry RM, Schalkwijk CG, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Stehouwer CDA. Serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with left ventricular dysfunction in normal glucose metabolism but not in type 2 diabetes: The Hoorn Study. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2016; 13:278-85. [PMID: 27190078 DOI: 10.1177/1479164116640680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in participants with normal glucose metabolism, impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Participants from a cross-sectional, population-based study (n = 280 with normal glucose metabolism, n = 171 with impaired glucose metabolism, n = 242 with type 2 diabetes mellitus) underwent echocardiography. Serum protein-bound advanced glycation endproducts [i.e. Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, pentosidine and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine] were measured. Linear regression analyses were used and stratified according to glucose metabolism status. RESULTS In normal glucose metabolism, higher Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine and pentosidine levels were associated with worse diastolic function (left atrial volume index and left atrial volume × left ventricular mass index product term) and higher Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine levels with worse systolic function (ejection fraction). In impaired glucose metabolism, a similar pattern emerged, though less consistent. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, these associations were non-existent for diastolic function or even reversed for systolic function. CONCLUSION This suggests that serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with impaired left ventricular function in normal glucose metabolism, but that with deteriorating glucose metabolism status, serum advanced glycation endproducts may not mirror heart failure risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bc Linssen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Ma Henry
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Dekker
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Nijpels
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen DA Stehouwer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Neviere R, Yu Y, Wang L, Tessier F, Boulanger E. Implication of advanced glycation end products (Ages) and their receptor (Rage) on myocardial contractile and mitochondrial functions. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:607-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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The Type 2 Diabetic Heart: Its Role in Exercise Intolerance and the Challenge to Find Effective Exercise Interventions. Sports Med 2016; 46:1605-1617. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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The lysyl oxidase inhibitor (β-aminopropionitrile) reduces leptin profibrotic effects and ameliorates cardiovascular remodeling in diet-induced obesity in rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:96-104. [PMID: 26780438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an extracellular matrix (ECM)-modifying enzyme that has been involved in cardiovascular remodeling. We explore the impact of LOX inhibition in ECM alterations induced by obesity in the cardiovascular system. LOX is overexpressed in the heart and aorta from rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an inhibitor of LOX activity, significantly attenuated the increase in body weight and cardiac hypertrophy observed in HFD rats. No significant differences were found in cardiac function or blood pressure among any group. However, HFD rats showed cardiac and vascular fibrosis and enhanced levels of superoxide anion (O2(-)), collagen I and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in heart and aorta and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in aorta, effects that were attenuated by LOX inhibition. Interestingly, BAPN also prevented the increase in circulating leptin levels detected in HFD fed animals. Leptin increased protein levels of collagen I, TGF-β and CTGF, Akt phosphorylation and O2(-) production in both cardiac myofibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells in culture, while LOX inhibition ameliorated these alterations. LOX knockdown also attenuated leptin-induced collagen I production in cardiovascular cells. Our findings indicate that LOX inhibition attenuates the fibrosis and the oxidative stress induced by a HFD on the cardiovascular system. The reduction of leptin levels by BAPN in vivo and the ability of this compound to inhibit leptin-induced profibrotic mediators and ROS production in cardiac and vascular cells suggest that interactions between leptin and LOX regulate downstream events responsible for myocardial and vascular fibrosis in obesity.
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Hofmann B, Jacobs K, Navarrete Santos A, Wienke A, Silber R, Simm A. Relationship between cardiac tissue glycation and skin autofluorescence in patients with coronary artery disease. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2015; 41:410-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang Z, Song HY, An MM, Zhu LL. Association of serum SPARC level with severity of coronary artery lesion in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:19290-19296. [PMID: 26770566 PMCID: PMC4694466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of serum SPARC level with the severity of coronary artery lesion in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS 120 patients with type 2 diabetic patients were the subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect levels of serum SPARC and Gensini score was used to assess extent of coronary artery lesions. The patients were divided into 4 groups: A group was the healthy control group with 40 patients. According to angiography and the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for diabetes the rest were divided into B, C, D group: there were 40 cases in group B (simple type 2 diabetes mellitus group), 40 cases were in group C (simple CHD group), and 40 cases were in D group (type 2 diabetes combined with coronary heart disease group). RESULTS Compared with that in group A, the serum SPARC level in group B, C and D increased significantly (4.22±1.19) μg/L, (3.71±1.05) μg/L and (5.96±1.40) μg/L vs (3.60±0.40) μg/L (P<0.05 ). Moreover, the serum SPARC level in group D was the highest (P<0.05). Serum SPARC level, insulin resistance (IR), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were the vital factors contributing to coronary heart disease. Serum SPARC level was positively correlated with the Gensini scores in group D (r=0.770, P<0.05), whereas it was not related to the Gensini scores in group C (r=0.520, P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum SPARC level was positively correlated with triglyceride, fasting insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance Index (r=0.780, 0.762 and 0.891, respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSION Serum SPARC level elevated in T2DM patients with coronary heart disease, which was correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Hormone and Endocrinology Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University Xuefu Road 246, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hai-Yan Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Hormone and Endocrinology Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University Xuefu Road 246, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Meng-Meng An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Hormone and Endocrinology Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University Xuefu Road 246, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Li-Li Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Hormone and Endocrinology Key Laboratory of Harbin Medical University Xuefu Road 246, Harbin 150080, China
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Prior DL, Somaratne JB, Jenkins AJ, Yii M, Newcomb AE, Schalkwijk CG, Black MJ, Kelly DJ, Campbell DJ. Calibrated integrated backscatter and myocardial fibrosis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Open Heart 2015; 2:e000278. [PMID: 26339497 PMCID: PMC4555070 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The reported association between calibrated integrated backscatter (cIB) and myocardial fibrosis is based on study of patients with dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and extensive (mean 15–34%) fibrosis. Its association with lesser degrees of fibrosis is unknown. We examined the relationship between cIB and myocardial fibrosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods Myocardial histology was examined in left ventricular epicardial biopsies from 40 patients (29 men and 11 women) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, who had preoperative echocardiography with cIB measurement. Results Total fibrosis (picrosirius red staining) varied from 0.7% to 4%, and in contrast to previous reports, cIB showed weak inverse associations with total fibrosis (r=−0.32, p=0.047) and interstitial fibrosis (r=−0.34, p=0.03). However, cIB was not significantly associated with other histological parameters, including immunostaining for collagens I and III, the advanced glycation end product (AGE) Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). When biomarkers were examined, cIB was weakly associated with log plasma levels of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (r=0.34, p=0.03), creatinine (r=0.33, p=0.04) and glomerular filtration rate (r=−0.33, p=0.04), and was more strongly associated with log plasma levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) (r=0.44, p=0.01) and soluble RAGE (r=0.53, p=0.002). Conclusions Higher cIB was not a marker of increased myocardial fibrosis in patients with coronary artery disease, but was associated with higher plasma levels of sVEGFR-1 and soluble RAGE. The role of cIB as a non-invasive index of fibrosis in clinical studies of patients without extensive fibrosis is, therefore, questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Prior
- Department of Cardiology , St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy , Australia ; Department of Medicine , University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy , Australia ; St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Fitzroy , Australia
| | | | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine , University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy , Australia
| | - Michael Yii
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy , Australia ; Department of Surgery , University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy , Australia
| | - Andrew E Newcomb
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery , St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy , Australia ; Department of Surgery , University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy , Australia
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine , University of Maastricht , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Mary J Black
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
| | - Darren J Kelly
- Department of Medicine , University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy , Australia
| | - Duncan J Campbell
- Department of Medicine , University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy , Australia ; St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Fitzroy , Australia
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Waddingham MT, Edgley AJ, Tsuchimochi H, Kelly DJ, Shirai M, Pearson JT. Contractile apparatus dysfunction early in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:943-960. [PMID: 26185602 PMCID: PMC4499528 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i7.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and heart failure in patients. Independent of hypertension and coronary artery disease, diabetes is associated with a specific cardiomyopathy, known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Four decades of research in experimental animal models and advances in clinical imaging techniques suggest that DCM is a progressive disease, beginning early after the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, ahead of left ventricular remodeling and overt diastolic dysfunction. Although the molecular pathogenesis of early DCM still remains largely unclear, activation of protein kinase C appears to be central in driving the oxidative stress dependent and independent pathways in the development of contractile dysfunction. Multiple subcellular alterations to the cardiomyocyte are now being highlighted as critical events in the early changes to the rate of force development, relaxation and stability under pathophysiological stresses. These changes include perturbed calcium handling, suppressed activity of aerobic energy producing enzymes, altered transcriptional and posttranslational modification of membrane and sarcomeric cytoskeletal proteins, reduced actin-myosin cross-bridge cycling and dynamics, and changed myofilament calcium sensitivity. In this review, we will present and discuss novel aspects of the molecular pathogenesis of early DCM, with a special focus on the sarcomeric contractile apparatus.
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Lee CH, Lee WC, Chang SH, Wen MS, Hung KC. The N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a link between left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and cardiovascular events. PLoS One 2015; 10:e114097. [PMID: 25559610 PMCID: PMC4283957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the usefulness of N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) in detecting enhanced collagen turnover in patients with congestive heart failure, the value added by PIIINP to the use of clinical variables and echocardiography in relation to directly measured left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure (EDP) and the outcome of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been clearly defined. Methods and Results This study involved 168 adult patients with ACS, who underwent echocardiography, measurement of serum PIIINP levels, and cardiac catheterization. Pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging (PWTDI), which revealed mean peak systolic (s′), early (e′), and late diastolic (a′) velocities, was carried out and the eas index of LV function was evaluated: e′/(a′×s′). The patients were divided into three study groups based on the degree of LVEDP – normal (<16 mmHg), intermediate (16–30 mmHg), and high (>30 mmHg) LVEDP. All patients were followed-up to determine cardiac-related death and revascularization. Patients with high LVEDP had significantly more PIIINP than those with intermediate or normal LVEDP (all post hoc p<0.05). The presence of coronary artery disease, the left atrial volume index (LAVI), the ratio of transmitral early and late diastolic flow velocities, a′, and the eas index were significantly correlated with LVEDP. According to multiple stepwise analysis, PIIINP, LAVI and the eas index were the three independent predictors of the level of LVEDP (PIIINP, p <0.001; LAVI, p = 0.007; eas index, p = 0.021). During follow-up (median, 24 months), 32 participants suffered from cardiac events, PIIINP and LAVI were significant predictors of cardiac mortality and hospitalization (PIIINP, hazard ratio (HR) 2.589, p = 0.002; LAVI, HR 1.040, p = 0.027). Conclusions PIIINP is a highly effective means to evaluate LVEDP in patients with ACS. The PIIINP is also correlated with cardiac mortality and revascularization, providing an additional means of evaluating and managing patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hung Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shien Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chun Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disorder currently affecting over 250 million people globally. It costs the worldwide health services almost £800 billion annually to diagnose, treat and care for patients with diabetes. DM is predicted to rise to 350 million by 2030. If left unmanaged, DM can lead to numerous long-term complications including micro- and macro-angiopathy and heart failure (HF). Most diabetics usually die as a result of HF resulting from diabetes-induced coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy. Coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy are normally preceded by hyperglycaemia (HG). This review examines the structural changes, which occur within the myocardium and cardiomyocytes during exposure of the heart to diabetes-induced HG and HG-induced oxidative stress. HG and the resulting oxidative stress are associated with marked myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis compared to control heart. At the ultrastructural level, cardiomyocytes subjected to chronic HG and subsequent oxidative stress display swollen mitochondria, reduced mitochondrial number and defective myofibrils and intercalated discs. Evidence from many studies shows that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes-induced HG can cause myocardial fibrosis, mitochondriopathy, myocyte hypertrophy and deranged myofibrils. All of these structural changes may eventually result in HF if left untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates,
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Effect of high-fat diet upon inflammatory markers and aortic stiffening in mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:914102. [PMID: 25013811 PMCID: PMC4071860 DOI: 10.1155/2014/914102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes in lifestyle such as increase in high-fat food consumption are an important cause for vascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of ACE and TGF-β in the aorta stiffness induced by high-fat diet. C57BL/6 male mice were divided in two groups according to their diet for 8 weeks: standard diet (ST) and high-fat diet (HF). At the end of the protocol, body weight gain, adipose tissue content, serum lipids and glucose levels, and aorta morphometric and biochemical measurements were performed. Analysis of collagen fibers by picrosirius staining of aorta slices showed that HF diet promoted increase of thin (55%) and thick (100%) collagen fibers deposition and concomitant disorganization of these fibers orientations in the aorta vascular wall (50%). To unravel the mechanism involved, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) were evaluated by protein expression and enzyme activity. HF diet increased MPO (90%) and ACE (28%) activities, as well as protein expression of ACE. TGF-β was also increased in aorta tissue of HF diet mice after 8 weeks. Altogether, we have observed that the HF diet-induced aortic stiffening may be associated with increased oxidative stress damage and activation of the RAS in vascular tissue.
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Hofmann B, Yakobus Y, Indrasari M, Nass N, Santos AN, Kraus FB, Silber RE, Simm A. RAGE influences the development of aortic valve stenosis in mice on a high fat diet. Exp Gerontol 2014; 59:13-20. [PMID: 24818652 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end product (AGE) accumulations as well as a high fat diet are associated with cardiovascular diseases. AGEs are recognized by several receptor molecules of which the receptor of AGEs (RAGE) is currently the most intensively studied. Activation of RAGE causes an unfavorable pro-inflammatory state. The hypothesis of this study was that metabolic stress due to a high fat diet results in the development of aortic valve stenosis and that knockout of RAGE should be protective. Six week old male C57BL/6N and C57BL/6N RAGE-/- mice (n=28) were randomly assigned to 4 groups and fed with normal or high fat diet for 32weeks. Weight gain was determined weekly. At the start of the experiment and after 2, 4 and 7months, echocardiographic assessments of the aortic valve were made. At the end of the experiment, plasma lipid levels and histological changes of the valves were determined. The high fat diet resulted in accelerated weight gain. However, after 7month, only C57BL/6 mice developed increased trans-aortic-valve velocities, leaflet thickness and reduced valve area index (p<0.0001). Immunohistochemistry of the aortic valves revealed in C57BL/6N mice on a high fat diet more calcification, AGE accumulation and RAGE expression when compared to normal fed control. Hearts and aortic valves of RAGE-/- mice showed less morphometric changes, calcification and AGE accumulation. After 7months of high fat feeding C57BL/6 mice (p<0.0001) as well as RAGE-/- mice (p=0.007) had significantly increased cholesterol levels compared to normal fed control, however RAGE-/- mice were probably protected due to a better HDL/LDL ratio when compared to wild type animals (p=0.003). These data suggest that AGEs and RAGE are involved in the development of obesity, hypercholesterolemia and aortic valve changes due to metabolic stress from high fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Yuliana Yakobus
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mailiza Indrasari
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marien Hospital Siegen, Germany
| | - Norbert Nass
- Institute of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Rolf-Edgar Silber
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Simm
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Su G, Cao H, Xu S, Lu Y, Shuai X, Sun Y, Liao Y, Li J. Left Atrial Enlargement in the Early Stage of Hypertensive Heart Disease: A Common But Ignored Condition. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2014; 16:192-7. [PMID: 24708380 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Su
- Department of Cardiology; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Heng Cao
- Department of Cardiology; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Sudan Xu
- Department of Cardiology; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yongxin Lu
- Department of Cardiology; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xinxin Shuai
- Department of Cardiology; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yufei Sun
- Department of Cardiology; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Cardiology; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jingdong Li
- Department of Cardiology; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
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Jellis CL, Sacre JW, Wright J, Jenkins C, Haluska B, Jeffriess L, Martin J, Marwick TH. Biomarker and imaging responses to spironolactone in subclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 15:776-86. [PMID: 24472731 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is frequent in asymptomatic subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We sought the response of functional and fibrosis markers to therapy in a trial of aldosterone antagonism for treatment of DCM. METHODS Biochemical, anthropometric, and echocardiographic data were measured in 225 subjects with T2DM. Myocardial function was evaluated with standard echocardiography and myocardial deformation; ischaemia was excluded by exercise echocardiography. Calibrated integrated backscatter and post-contrast T1 mapping from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess myocardial structure. Amino-terminal propeptides of pro-collagen type I (PINP) and III (PIIINP), the carboxy-terminal propeptide of pro-collagen type I (PICP) and transforming growth factor beta-1 were measured from peripheral blood or urine to assess myocardial collagen turnover. RESULTS Diastolic dysfunction was identified in 81 individuals, of whom 49 (25 male, age 60 ± 10 years) were randomized to spironolactone 25 mg/day or placebo therapy for 6 months. Groups were well-matched at baseline. Spironolactone therapy was associated with improvements in diastolic filling profile (Δpeak E wave velocity -4 ± 15 vs. 9 ± 10 ms, P = 0.001; ΔE/A ratio -0.1 ± 0.3 vs. 0.2 ± 0.2, P < 0.001) and cIB values (-21.2 ± 4.5 dB vs. -18.0 ± 5.2 dB, P = 0.026; ΔcIB -5.1 ± 6.8 vs. -1.3 ± 5.2, P = 0.030). ΔcIB was independently associated with spironolactone therapy (β = 0.320, P = 0.026) but not Δblood pressure. With intervention, pro-collagen biomarkers (ΔPINP P = 0.92, ΔPICP P = 0.25, ΔPIIINP P = 0.52, and ΔTGF-β1 P = 0.71) and T1 values (P = 0.54) remained similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS Spironolactone-induced changes in myocardial structure and diastolic properties in DCM are small, and are unassociated with changes in collagen biomarkers or T1 values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian W Sacre
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeremy Wright
- Heart's 1st, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carly Jenkins
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brian Haluska
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Jeffriess
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer Martin
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas H Marwick
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Menzies Research Institute of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Campbell DJ, Somaratne JB, Prior DL, Yii M, Kenny JF, Newcomb AE, Kelly DJ, Black MJ. Obesity is associated with lower coronary microvascular density. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81798. [PMID: 24312359 PMCID: PMC3843695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with diastolic dysfunction, lower maximal myocardial blood flow, impaired myocardial metabolism and increased risk of heart failure. We examined the association between obesity, left ventricular filling pressure and myocardial structure. Methods We performed histological analysis of non-ischemic myocardium from 57 patients (46 men and 11 women) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery who did not have previous cardiac surgery, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation or loop diuretic therapy. Results Non-obese (body mass index, BMI, ≤30 kg/m2, n=33) and obese patients (BMI >30 kg/m2, n=24) did not differ with respect to myocardial total, interstitial or perivascular fibrosis, arteriolar dimensions, or cardiomyocyte width. Obese patients had lower capillary length density (1145±239, mean±SD, vs. 1371±333 mm/mm3, P=0.007) and higher diffusion radius (16.9±1.5 vs. 15.6±2.0 μm, P=0.012), in comparison with non-obese patients. However, the diffusion radius/cardiomyocyte width ratio of obese patients (0.73±0.11 μm/μm) was not significantly different from that of non-obese patients (0.71±0.11 μm/μm), suggesting that differences in cardiomyocyte width explained in part the differences in capillary length density and diffusion radius between non-obese and obese patients. Increased BMI was associated with increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP, P<0.0001), and lower capillary length density was associated with both increased BMI (P=0.043) and increased PCWP (P=0.016). Conclusions Obesity and its accompanying increase in left ventricular filling pressure were associated with lower coronary microvascular density, which may contribute to the lower maximal myocardial blood flow, impaired myocardial metabolism, diastolic dysfunction and higher risk of heart failure in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan J. Campbell
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Health, Fitzroy, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - David L. Prior
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Health, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Health, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Michael Yii
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Health, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Vincent's Health, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - James F. Kenny
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Vincent's Health, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Andrew E. Newcomb
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Health, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Vincent's Health, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Darren J. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Health, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Mary Jane Black
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Pappachan JM, Varughese GI, Sriraman R, Arunagirinathan G. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation and management. World J Diabetes 2013; 4:177-189. [PMID: 24147202 PMCID: PMC3797883 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i5.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects every organ in the body and cardiovascular disease accounts for two-thirds of the mortality in the diabetic population. Diabetes-related heart disease occurs in the form of coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiac autonomic neuropathy or diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). The prevalence of cardiac failure is high in the diabetic population and DbCM is a common but underestimated cause of heart failure in diabetes. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is yet to be clearly defined. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and inflammation are thought to play key roles in the generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species which are in turn implicated. The myocardial interstitium undergoes alterations resulting in abnormal contractile function noted in DbCM. In the early stages of the disease diastolic dysfunction is the only abnormality, but systolic dysfunction supervenes in the later stages with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction. Transmitral Doppler echocardiography is usually used to assess diastolic dysfunction, but tissue Doppler Imaging and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging are being increasingly used recently for early detection of DbCM. The management of DbCM involves improvement in lifestyle, control of glucose and lipid abnormalities, and treatment of hypertension and CAD, if present. The role of vasoactive drugs and antioxidants is being explored. This review discusses the pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation and management options of DbCM.
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Hofmann B, Adam AC, Jacobs K, Riemer M, Erbs C, Bushnaq H, Simm A, Silber RE, Santos AN. Advanced glycation end product associated skin autofluorescence: A mirror of vascular function? Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cavalcante JL, Tamarappoo BK, Hachamovitch R, Kwon DH, Alraies MC, Halliburton S, Schoenhagen P, Dey D, Berman DS, Marwick TH. Association of epicardial fat, hypertension, subclinical coronary artery disease, and metabolic syndrome with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Am J Cardiol 2012; 110:1793-8. [PMID: 22980968 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epicardial fat is a metabolically active fat depot that is strongly associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and coronary artery disease (CAD). The relation of epicardial fat to diastolic function is unknown. We sought to (1) understand the relation of epicardial fat volume (EFV) to diastolic function and (2) understand the role of EFV in relation to potential risk factors (hypertension, subclinical CAD, and metabolic syndrome) of diastolic dysfunction in apparently healthy subjects with preserved systolic function and no history of CAD. We studied 110 consecutive subjects (65% men, 55 ± 13 years old, mean body mass index 28 ± 5 kg/m(2)) who underwent cardiac computed tomography and transthoracic echocardiography within 6 months as part of a self-referred health screening program. Exclusion criteria included history of CAD, significant valvular disease, systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%). Diastolic function was defined according to American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. EFV was measured using validated cardiac computed tomographic software by 2 independent cardiologists blinded to clinical and echocardiographic data. Hypertension and metabolic syndrome were present in 60% and 45%, respectively. Subclinical CAD was identified in 20% of the cohort. Diastolic dysfunction was present in 45 patients. EFV was an independent predictor of diastolic dysfunction, mean peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity, and ratio of early diastolic filling to peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity (p = 0.01, <0.0001, and 0.001, respectively) with incremental contribution to other clinical factors. In conclusion, EFV is an independent predictor of impaired diastolic function in apparently healthy overweight patients even after accounting for associated co-morbidities such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and subclinical CAD.
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Yu W, Wu J, Cai F, Xiang J, Zha W, Fan D, Guo S, Ming Z, Liu C. Curcumin alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy in experimental diabetic rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52013. [PMID: 23251674 PMCID: PMC3522633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by myocardial structural and functional changes, is an independent cardiomyopathy that develops in diabetic individuals. The present study was sought to investigate the effect of curcumin on modulating DCM and the mechanisms involved. Methods An experimental diabetic rat model was induced by low dose of streptozoticin(STZ) combined with high energy intake on rats. Curcumin was orally administrated at a dose of 100 or 200 mg·kg−1·d−1, respectively. Cardiac function was evaluated by serial echocardiography. Myocardial ultrastructure, fibrosis area and apoptosis were assessed by histopathologic analyses. Metabolic profiles, myocardial enzymes and oxidative stress were examined by biochemical tests. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA, and interrelated proteins were measured by western blot. Results Rats with DCM showed declined systolic myocardial performance associated with myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, which were accompanied with metabolism abnormalities, aberrant myocardial enzymes, increased AGEs (advanced glycation end products) accumulation and RAGE (receptor for AGEs) expression, elevated markers of oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, the ratio of NADP+/NADPH, Rac1 activity, NADPH oxidase subunits expression of gp91phox and p47phox ), raised inflammatory factor (TNF-α and IL-1β), enhanced apoptotic cell death (ratio of bax/bcl-2, caspase-3 activity and TUNEL), diminished Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation. Remarkably, curcumin attenuated myocardial dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis, AGEs accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the heart of diabetic rats. The inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β was also restored by curcumin treatment. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that curcumin may have great therapeutic potential in the treatment of DCM, and perhaps other cardiovascular disorders, by attenuating fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death. Furthermore, Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway may be involved in mediating these effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Death/genetics
- Curcumin/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Fibrosis/drug therapy
- Fibrosis/genetics
- Fibrosis/metabolism
- Fibrosis/pathology
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/genetics
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
- Heart/drug effects
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Male
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/drug therapy
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiliang Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jizhou Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenliang Zha
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Dan Fan
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhangyin Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (CL); (ZM)
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- * E-mail: (CL); (ZM)
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Diastolic dysfunction of aging is independent of myocardial structure but associated with plasma advanced glycation end-product levels. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23189164 PMCID: PMC3506639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure is associated with abnormalities of myocardial structure, and plasma levels of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) correlate with the severity and prognosis of heart failure. Aging is associated with diastolic dysfunction and increased risk of heart failure, and we investigated the hypothesis that diastolic dysfunction of aging humans is associated with altered myocardial structure and plasma AGE levels. Methods We performed histological analysis of non-ischemic left ventricular myocardial biopsies and measured plasma levels of the AGEs CML and low molecular weight fluorophores (LMWFs) in 26 men undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery who had transthoracic echocardiography before surgery. None had previous cardiac surgery, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure. Results The patients were aged 43–78 years and increasing age was associated with echocardiographic indices of diastolic dysfunction, with higher mitral Doppler flow velocity A wave (r = 0.50, P = 0.02), lower mitral E/A wave ratio (r = 0.64, P = 0.001), longer mitral valve deceleration time (r = 0.42, P = 0.03) and lower early diastolic peak velocity of the mitral septal annulus, e’ (r = 0.55, P = 0.008). However, neither mitral E/A ratio nor mitral septal e’ was correlated with myocardial total, interstitial or perivascular fibrosis (picrosirius red), immunostaining for collagens I and III, CML, and receptor for AGEs (RAGE), cardiomyocyte width, capillary length density, diffusion radius or arteriolar dimensions. Plasma AGE levels were not associated with age. However, plasma CML levels were associated with E/A ratio (r = 0.44, P = 0.04) and e’ (r = 0.51, P = 0.02) and LMWF levels were associated with E/A ratio (r = 0.49, P = 0.02). Moreover, the mitral E/A ratio remained correlated with plasma LMWF levels in all patients (P = 0.04) and the mitral septal e’ remained correlated with plasma CML levels in non-diabetic patients (P = 0.007) when age was a covariate. Conclusions Diastolic dysfunction of aging was independent of myocardial structure but was associated with plasma AGE levels.
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McManus DD, Saczynski JS, Ward JA, Jaggi K, Bourrell P, Darling C, Goldberg RJ. The Relationship Between Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease : Epidemiologic and Pathophysiologic Considerations for a Dual Epidemic. J Atr Fibrillation 2012; 5:442. [PMID: 28496745 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) presently affects over 2 million Americans, and the magnitude and population burden from AF continues to increase concomitant with the aging of the U.S. POPULATION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is present in 13% of individuals in the U.S., and the prevalence of CKD is also rapidly increasing. The increasing population burden of CKD and AF will profoundly affect the clinical and public health, since CKD and AF are both associated with lower quality of life, increased hospitalization rates, and a greater risk of heart failure, stroke, and total mortality. AF and CKD often co-exist, each condition predisposes to the other, and the co-occurrence of these disorders worsens prognosis relative to either disease alone. The shared epidemiology of CKD and AF may be explained by the strong pathophysiologic connections between these diseases. In order to promote a better understanding of CKD and AF, we have reviewed their shared epidemiology and pathophysiology and described the natural history of patients affected by both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D McManus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Jane S Saczynski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Jeanine A Ward
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center
| | - Khushleen Jaggi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Peter Bourrell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Chad Darling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center
| | - Robert J Goldberg
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School
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Hegab Z, Gibbons S, Neyses L, Mamas MA. Role of advanced glycation end products in cardiovascular disease. World J Cardiol 2012; 4:90-102. [PMID: 22558488 PMCID: PMC3342583 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v4.i4.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are produced through the non enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Enhanced formation of AGEs occurs particularly in conditions associated with hyperglycaemia such as diabetes mellitus (DM). AGEs are believed to have a key role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease in patients with DM through the modification of the structure, function and mechanical properties of tissues through crosslinking intracellular as well as extracellular matrix proteins and through modulating cellular processes through binding to cell surface receptors [receptor for AGEs (RAGE)]. A number of studies have shown a correlation between serum AGE levels and the development and severity of heart failure (HF). Moreover, some studies have suggested that therapies targeted against AGEs may have therapeutic potential in patients with HF. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of AGEs in cardiovascular disease and in particular in heart failure, focussing on both cellular mechanisms of action as well as highlighting how targeting AGEs may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Hegab
- Zeinab Hegab, Stephen Gibbons, Ludwig Neyses, Mamas A Mamas, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
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