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Prudinnik DS, Kussanova A, Vorobjev IA, Tikhonov A, Ataullakhanov FI, Barteneva NS. Deformability of Heterogeneous Red Blood Cells in Aging and Related Pathologies. Aging Dis 2025:AD.2024.0526. [PMID: 39012672 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is interrelated with changes in red blood cell parameters and functionality. In this article, we focus on red blood cells (RBCs) and provide a review of the known changes associated with the characterization of RBC deformability in aging and related pathologies. The biophysical parameters complement the commonly used biochemical parameters and may contribute to a better understanding of the aging process. The power of the deformability measurement approach is well established in clinical settings. Measuring RBCs' deformability has the advantage of relative simplicity, and it reflects the complex effects developing in erythrocytes during aging. However, aging and related pathological conditions also promote heterogeneity of RBC features and have a certain impact on the variance in erythrocyte cell properties. The possible applications of deformability as an early biophysical biomarker of pathological states are discussed, and modulating PIEZO1 as a therapeutic target is suggested. The changes in RBCs' shape can serve as a proxy for deformability evaluation, leveraging single-cell analysis with imaging flow cytometry and artificial intelligence algorithms. The characterization of biophysical parameters of RBCs is in progress in humans and will provide a better understanding of the complex dynamics of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S Prudinnik
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Kussanova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander Tikhonov
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Fazly I Ataullakhanov
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Natasha S Barteneva
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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2
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Bergamaschi G, Taris KKH, Biebricher AS, Seymonson XMR, Witt H, Peterman EJG, Wuite GJL. Viscoelasticity of diverse biological samples quantified by Acoustic Force Microrheology (AFMR). Commun Biol 2024; 7:683. [PMID: 38834871 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of soft matter and cellular mechanics, microrheology - the use of micron-sized particles to probe the frequency-dependent viscoelastic response of materials - is widely used to shed light onto the mechanics and dynamics of molecular structures. Here we present the implementation of active microrheology in an Acoustic Force Spectroscopy setup (AFMR), which combines multiplexing with the possibility of probing a wide range of forces ( ~ pN to ~nN) and frequencies (0.01-100 Hz). To demonstrate the potential of this approach, we perform active microrheology on biological samples of increasing complexity and stiffness: collagen gels, red blood cells (RBCs), and human fibroblasts, spanning a viscoelastic modulus range of five orders of magnitude. We show that AFMR can successfully quantify viscoelastic properties by probing many beads with high single-particle precision and reproducibility. Finally, we demonstrate that AFMR to map local sample heterogeneities as well as detect cellular responses to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bergamaschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees-Karel H Taris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas S Biebricher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xamanie M R Seymonson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Witt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin J G Peterman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs J L Wuite
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Mantskava M, Chkhitauri L, Shekiladze E, Tskhvediani N, Kalmakhelidze S, Momtselidze N, Prantl L, Jung F, Machaliński B, Wojciech P, Sanikidze T. Impact of different severity hyperglycemia on erythrocyte rheological properties1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024; 87:271-281. [PMID: 38363605 DOI: 10.3233/ch-239104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triad "insulin resistance, prediabetes, diabetes" is three independent neologies with characteristic features and development. In addition, each are characterized by progression and the possibility of transition from one form to other. Due to the fact that diabetes is one of the common diseases associated with high rates of disability, it is necessary to improve diagnostic methods and educational regimens for successful prevention and treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVE We investigated Band 3 protein (B3p) level, osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, the total antioxidant activity (TAA) of blood serum, level of HbA1 in group patients with insulin resistance (IR), prediabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and comparative with health control group. METHODS We used original, accurate research methods that measure the essence of the studied quantities. RESULTS Disruptions of glucose and insulin homeostasis ay lead to the initiation of oxidative stress (in our study demonstrated by a decrease of TAA of blood serum) increased redox-sensitive PTP activity and aberrant band 3 phosphorylation, potentially leading to reduced erythrocyte deformability. At the same time glycation of Hb during T2DM may affect its cross-link with membrane proteins, in particular with B3p, and although appears to limit its cross-linking and decrease its clusterization ability, induces alterations in the cytoskeletal matrix, and thereby decrease erythrocytes' osmotic resistance making them more susceptible to hemolysis. CONCLUSIONS The osmotic resistance of the erythrocytes can be used as a sensitive marker for the detection of the early stages of hyperglycemia (prediabetes). This set of clinical trials will make it possible to identify diseases that make up the triad at an early stage. Early detection of disorders and continued research in this direction will help in the development of a diagnostic scheme for the prevention of such patients. Based on our data, research into anti-oxidation drugs is very important. With the help of the array of studies described in the article and antioxidant treatment, the likelihood of successful treatment will increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mantskava
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - L Chkhitauri
- Ivane Javakhishvili State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - E Shekiladze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - S Kalmakhelidze
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - N Momtselidze
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - L Prantl
- University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Jung
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus Senftenberg, Germany
| | | | - P Wojciech
- Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - T Sanikidze
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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4
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Petrone P, Fortunato M, Paccagnini E, Gentile M, De Felice C, Lupetti P. A novel mini-invasive finger-prick protocol for preparing blood micro-samples for morphological analysis of human erythrocytes by scanning electron microscopy. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102189. [PMID: 37549512 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the development and optimization of a new protocol for the preparation and surface imaging by scanning electron microscope of human erythrocytes from blood micro-samples obtained by finger prick. By testing several key pre-analytical conditions for blood sampling, erythrocyte preservation, storage and imaging, we designed a rapid new minimally-invasive reproducible method for obtaining uniform deposition of an adequate number of erythrocytes with well-preserved morphology on a substrate. The possibility of obtaining reliable reproducible high resolution morphometric data on peripheral erythrocytes makes this protocol valuable for diagnostic and basic research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Petrone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Claudio De Felice
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Lupetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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5
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Taneva SG, Todinova S, Andreeva T. Morphometric and Nanomechanical Screening of Peripheral Blood Cells with Atomic Force Microscopy for Label-Free Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14296. [PMID: 37762599 PMCID: PMC10531602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are complex, multifactorial disorders with significant social and economic impact in today's society. NDDs are predicted to become the second-most common cause of death in the next few decades due to an increase in life expectancy but also to a lack of early diagnosis and mainly symptomatic treatment. Despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, there are yet no reliable biomarkers identifying the complex pathways contributing to these pathologies. The development of new approaches for early diagnosis and new therapies, together with the identification of non-invasive and more cost-effective diagnostic biomarkers, is one of the main trends in NDD biomedical research. Here we summarize data on peripheral biomarkers, biofluids (cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma), and peripheral blood cells (platelets (PLTs) and red blood cells (RBCs)), reported so far for the three most common NDDs-Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). PLTs and RBCs, beyond their primary physiological functions, are increasingly recognized as valuable sources of biomarkers for NDDs. Special attention is given to the morphological and nanomechanical signatures of PLTs and RBCs as biophysical markers for the three pathologies. Modifications of the surface nanostructure and morphometric and nanomechanical signatures of PLTs and RBCs from patients with AD, PD, and ALS have been revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM is currently experiencing rapid and widespread adoption in biomedicine and clinical medicine, in particular for early diagnostics of various medical conditions. AFM is a unique instrument without an analog, allowing the generation of three-dimensional cell images with extremely high spatial resolution at near-atomic scale, which are complemented by insights into the mechanical properties of cells and subcellular structures. Data demonstrate that AFM can distinguish between the three pathologies and the normal, healthy state. The specific PLT and RBC signatures can serve as biomarkers in combination with the currently used diagnostic tools. We highlight the strong correlation of the morphological and nanomechanical signatures between RBCs and PLTs in PD, ALS, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefka G. Taneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bontchev” Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Svetla Todinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bontchev” Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Tonya Andreeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bontchev” Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, D-72762 Reutlingen, Germany
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6
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Williams A, Bissinger R, Shamaa H, Patel S, Bourne L, Artunc F, Qadri SM. Pathophysiology of Red Blood Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes and Its Complications. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:327-345. [PMID: 37606388 PMCID: PMC10443300 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with multiple microvascular complications leading to nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Mounting evidence suggests that red blood cell (RBC) alterations are both a cause and consequence of disturbances related to DM-associated complications. Importantly, a significant proportion of DM patients develop varying degrees of anemia of confounding etiology, leading to increased morbidity. In chronic hyperglycemia, RBCs display morphological, enzymatic, and biophysical changes, which in turn prime them for swift phagocytic clearance from circulation. A multitude of endogenous factors, such as oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, uremic toxins, extracellular hypertonicity, sorbitol accumulation, and deranged nitric oxide metabolism, have been implicated in pathological RBC changes in DM. This review collates clinical laboratory findings of changes in hematology indices in DM patients and discusses recent reports on the putative mechanisms underpinning shortened RBC survival and disturbed cell membrane architecture within the diabetic milieu. Specifically, RBC cell death signaling, RBC metabolism, procoagulant RBC phenotype, RBC-triggered endothelial cell dysfunction, and changes in RBC deformability and aggregation in the context of DM are discussed. Understanding the mechanisms of RBC alterations in DM provides valuable insights into the clinical significance of the crosstalk between RBCs and microangiopathy in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Williams
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hala Shamaa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Shivani Patel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Lavern Bourne
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M. Qadri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
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7
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Mikowska L, Grynko V, Shepelytskyi Y, Ruset IC, Deschamps J, Aalto H, Targosz-Korecka M, Balamore D, Harańczyk H, Albert MS. Revealing a Third Dissolved-Phase Xenon-129 Resonance in Blood Caused by Hemoglobin Glycation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11311. [PMID: 37511071 PMCID: PMC10380088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) xenon-129 (129Xe), when dissolved in blood, has two NMR resonances: one in red blood cells (RBC) and one in plasma. The impact of numerous blood components on these resonances, however, has not yet been investigated. This study evaluates the effects of elevated glucose levels on the chemical shift (CS) and T2* relaxation times of HP 129Xe dissolved in sterile citrated sheep blood for the first time. HP 129Xe was mixed with sheep blood samples premixed with a stock glucose solution using a liquid-gas exchange module. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on a 3T clinical MRI scanner using a custom-built quadrature dual-tuned 129Xe/1H coil. We observed an additional resonance for the RBCs (129Xe-RBC1) for the increased glucose levels. The CS of 129Xe-RBC1 and 129Xe-plasma peaks did not change with glucose levels, while the CS of 129Xe-RBC2 (original RBC resonance) increased linearly at a rate of 0.015 ± 0.002 ppm/mM with glucose level. 129Xe-RBC1 T2* values increased nonlinearly from 1.58 ± 0.24 ms to 2.67 ± 0.40 ms. As a result of the increased glucose levels in blood samples, the novel additional HP 129Xe dissolved phase resonance was observed in blood and attributed to the 129Xe bound to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutosława Mikowska
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Vira Grynko
- Chemistry and Material Science Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
| | - Yurii Shepelytskyi
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Deschamps
- Applied Life Sciences Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Hannah Aalto
- Applied Life Sciences Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Marta Targosz-Korecka
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dilip Balamore
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Technology, Nassau Community College, New York, NY 11530, USA
| | - Hubert Harańczyk
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mitchell S Albert
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Thunder Bay, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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8
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Giosheva I, Strijkova V, Komsa-Penkova R, Krumova S, Langari A, Danailova A, Taneva SG, Stoyanova T, Topalova L, Gartchev E, Georgieva G, Todinova S. Membrane Lesions and Reduced Life Span of Red Blood Cells in Preeclampsia as Evidenced by Atomic Force Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087100. [PMID: 37108270 PMCID: PMC10138579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) presents with maternal de novo hypertension and significant proteinuria and is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality with unknown etiology. The disease is associated with inflammatory vascular response and severe red blood cell (RBC) morphology changes. This study examined the nanoscopic morphological changes of RBCs from PE women versus normotensive healthy pregnant controls (PCs) and non-pregnant controls (NPCs) applying atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The results revealed that the membrane of fresh PE RBCs differed significantly from healthy ones by the presence of invaginations and protrusions and an increased roughness value (Rrms) (4.7 ± 0.8 nm for PE vs. 3.8 ± 0.5 nm and 2.9 ± 0.4 nm for PCs and NPCs, respectively). PE-cells aging resulted in more pronounced protrusions and concavities, with exponentially increasing Rrms values, in contrast to the controls, where the Rrms parameter decreased linearly with time. The Rrms, evaluated on a 2 × 2 µm2 scanned area, for senescent PE cells (13 ± 2.0 nm) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of PCs (1.5 ± 0.2 nm) and NPCs (1.9 ± 0.2 nm). Furthermore, the RBCs from PE patients appeared fragile, and often only ghosts were observed instead of intact cells at 20-30 days of aging. Oxidative-stress simulation on healthy cells led to RBC membrane features similar to those observed for PE cells. The results demonstrate that the most pronounced effects on RBCs in PE patients are related to impaired membrane homogeneity and strongly altered roughness values, as well as to vesiculation and ghost formation in the course of cell aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Giosheva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- University Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital "Maichin Dom", 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Velichka Strijkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. Yordan Malinovski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Sashka Krumova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ariana Langari
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Avgustina Danailova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefka G Taneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lora Topalova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emil Gartchev
- University Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital "Maichin Dom", 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Galya Georgieva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University-Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Todinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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9
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Scanning Electron and Atomic Force Microscopic Analysis of Erythrocytes in a Cohort of Atopic Asthma Patients—A Pilot Study. HEMATO 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/hemato4010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases are often associated with chronic inflammation, placing patients suffering from these conditions at a higher risk of thrombosis and other complications. The pathophysiology of asthma and/or atopic asthma is also linked to chronic inflammation, which consequently may alter blood parameters including erythrocyte structure and function. Methodology: The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in erythrocytes between patients with atopic asthma (n = 30) and healthy individuals (n = 30) by evaluating routine haematological parameters; structures and axial ratios of erythrocytes using light microscopy; erythrocyte membrane elasticity using atomic force microscopy; and erythrocyte ultrastructure using scanning electron microscopy. Results: The haematological findings of healthy participants and patients suffering from asthma were within normal clinical ranges together with significantly higher levels of circulating monocytes (p = 0.0066), erythrocytes (p = 0.0004), haemoglobin (p = 0.0057), and haematocrit (p = 0.0049) in asthma patients. The analysis of eosin-stained erythrocytes by light microscopy showed more echinocytes, acanthocytes, and ovalocytes compared to controls and a significant difference in axial ratios (p < 0.0001). Atomic force microscopy findings showed reduced erythrocyte membrane elasticity in asthmatic erythrocytes (p = 0.001). Ultrastructural differences in erythrocytes were visible in the asthma group compared to controls. Conclusion: Altered erythrocyte ultrastructural morphology and a significant change in the haematological profile are evident in atopic asthma and may influence common complications associated with asthma. The impact of these changes on the physiological mechanisms of coagulation and the pathophysiology of asthma needs to be further elucidated.
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10
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Nardini M, Ciasca G, Lauria A, Rossi C, Di Giacinto F, Romanò S, Di Santo R, Papi M, Palmieri V, Perini G, Basile U, Alcaro FD, Di Stasio E, Bizzarro A, Masullo C, De Spirito M. Sensing red blood cell nano-mechanics: Toward a novel blood biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:932354. [PMID: 36204549 PMCID: PMC9530048 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.932354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are characterized by a remarkable elasticity, which allows them to undergo very large deformation when passing through small vessels and capillaries. This extreme deformability is altered in various clinical conditions, suggesting that the analysis of red blood cell (RBC) mechanics has potential applications in the search for non-invasive and cost-effective blood biomarkers. Here, we provide a comparative study of the mechanical response of RBCs in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy subjects. For this purpose, RBC viscoelastic response was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the force spectroscopy mode. Two types of analyses were performed: (i) a conventional analysis of AFM force-distance (FD) curves, which allowed us to retrieve the apparent Young's modulus, E; and (ii) a more in-depth analysis of time-dependent relaxation curves in the framework of the standard linear solid (SLS) model, which allowed us to estimate cell viscosity and elasticity, independently. Our data demonstrate that, while conventional analysis of AFM FD curves fails in distinguishing the two groups, the mechanical parameters obtained with the SLS model show a very good classification ability. The diagnostic performance of mechanical parameters was assessed using receiving operator characteristic (ROC) curves, showing very large areas under the curves (AUC) for selected biomarkers (AUC > 0.9). Taken all together, the data presented here demonstrate that RBC mechanics are significantly altered in AD, also highlighting the key role played by viscous forces. These RBC abnormalities in AD, which include both a modified elasticity and viscosity, could be considered a potential source of plasmatic biomarkers in the field of liquid biopsy to be used in combination with more established indicators of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Nardini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lauria
- Unitá Operativa Complessa Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensitá, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Rossi
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Santo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi (ISC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca D. Alcaro
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Stasio
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bizzarro
- Unitáă Operativa Complessa Continuità assistenziale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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11
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Besedina NA, Skverchinskaya EA, Shmakov SV, Ivanov AS, Mindukshev IV, Bukatin AS. Persistent red blood cells retain their ability to move in microcapillaries under high levels of oxidative stress. Commun Biol 2022; 5:659. [PMID: 35787676 PMCID: PMC9253111 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the key factors that leads to red blood cells (RBCs) aging, and impairs their biomechanics and oxygen delivery. It occurs during numerous pathological processes and causes anaemia, one of the most frequent side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Here, we used microfluidics to simulate the microcirculation of RBCs under oxidative stress induced by tert-Butyl hydroperoxide. Oxidative stress was expected to make RBCs more rigid, which would lead to decrease their transit velocity in microfluidic channels. However, single-cell tracking combined with cytological and AFM studies reveals cell heterogeneity, which increases with the level of oxidative stress. The data indicates that the built-in antioxidant defence system has a limit exceeding which haemoglobin oxidation, membrane, and cytoskeleton transformation occurs. It leads to cell swelling, increased stiffness and adhesion, resulting in a decrease in the transit velocity in microcapillaries. However, even at high levels of oxidative stress, there are persistent cells in the population with an undisturbed biophysical phenotype that retain the ability to move in microcapillaries. Developed microfluidic analysis can be used to determine RBCs' antioxidant capacity for the minimization of anaemia during cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander S Ivanov
- Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor V Mindukshev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton S Bukatin
- Department of Physics, Alferov University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia. .,Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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12
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Manis C, Manca A, Murgia A, Uras G, Caboni P, Congiu T, Faa G, Pantaleo A, Cao G. Understanding the Behaviour of Human Cell Types under Simulated Microgravity Conditions: The Case of Erythrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126876. [PMID: 35743319 PMCID: PMC9224527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes are highly specialized cells in human body, and their main function is to ensure the gas exchanges, O2 and CO2, within the body. The exposure to microgravity environment leads to several health risks such as those affecting red blood cells. In this work, we investigated the changes that occur in the structure and function of red blood cells under simulated microgravity, compared to terrestrial conditions, at different time points using biochemical and biophysical techniques. Erythrocytes exposed to simulated microgravity showed morphological changes, a constant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), a significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), a remarkable and constant decrease in total glutathione (GSH) concentration, and an augmentation in malondialdehyde (MDA) at increasing times. Moreover, experiments were performed to evaluate the lipid profile of erythrocyte membranes which showed an upregulation in the following membrane phosphocholines (PC): PC16:0_16:0, PC 33:5, PC18:2_18:2, PC 15:1_20:4 and SM d42:1. Thus, remarkable changes in erythrocyte cytoskeletal architecture and membrane stiffness due to oxidative damage have been found under microgravity conditions, in addition to factors that contribute to the plasticity of the red blood cells (RBCs) including shape, size, cell viscosity and membrane rigidity. This study represents our first investigation into the effects of microgravity on erythrocytes and will be followed by other experiments towards understanding the behaviour of different human cell types in microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Manis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.M.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.M.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Uras
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University of College London, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.M.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato’s Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (T.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato’s Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (T.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Giacomo Cao
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Loc. Piscina Manna, Building 1, 09050 Pula, Italy
- Sardinia AeroSpace District (DASS), at Sardegna Ricerche, Via G. Carbonazzi 14, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (G.C.)
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13
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Maciel-Silva VL, da Rocha CQ, Alencar LMR, Castelo-Branco PV, Sousa IHD, Azevedo-Santos AP, Vale AAM, Monteiro SG, Soares REP, Guimarães SJA, Nascimento JRD, Pereira SRF. Unusual dimeric flavonoids (brachydins) induce ultrastructural membrane alterations associated with antitumor activity in cancer cell lines. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35635136 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2080217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the advances in molecular target-based drugs, chemotherapy remains the most common cancer treatment, despite its high toxicity. Consequently, effective anticancer therapies with fewer adverse effects are needed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of the dichloromethane fraction (DCMF) isolated from Arrabidae brachypoda roots, whose components are three unusual dimeric flavonoids. The toxicity of DCMF was investigated in breast (MCF-7), prostate (DU145), and cervical (HeLa) tumor cells, as well as non-tumor cells (PNT2), using sulforhodamine B (cell viability), Comet (genotoxicity), clonogenicity (reproductive capacity) and wound healing (cell migration) assays, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for ultrastructural cell membrane alterations. Molecular docking revealed affinity between albumin and each rare flavonoid, supporting the impact of fetal bovine serum in DCMF antitumor activity. The IC50 values for MCF7, HeLa, and DU145 were 2.77, 2.46, and 2.51 µg/mL, respectively, and 4.08 µg/mL for PNT2. DCFM was not genotoxic to tumor or normal cells when exposed to twice the IC50 for up to 24 h, but it inhibited tumor cell migration and reproduction compared to normal cells. Additionally, AFM revealed alterations in the ultrastructure of tumor nuclear membrane surfaces, with a positive correlation between DCMF concentration and tumor cell roughness. Finally, we found a negative correlation between roughness and the ability of DCMF-treated tumor cells to migrate and form colonies with more than 50 cells. These findings suggest that DCFM acts by causing ultrastructural changes in tumor cell membranes while having fewer toxicological effects on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lucia Maciel-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology-Bionorte, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil.,Department of Biology, State University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Claudia Quintino da Rocha
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | - Israel Higino de Sousa
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Azevedo-Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Cancer, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil
| | - André Alvares Marques Vale
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Cancer, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Silvio Gomes Monteiro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Rossy-Eric Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Sulayne Janayna Araujo Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Cancer, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Silma Regina Ferreira Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil
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14
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Structural Configuration of Blood Cell Membranes Determines Their Nonlinear Deformation Properties. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1140176. [PMID: 35480142 PMCID: PMC9038403 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1140176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of neutrophils and red blood cells (RBCs) to undergo significant deformations is a key to their normal functioning. Disruptions of these processes can lead to pathologies. This work studied the influence of structural configuration rearrangements of membranes after exposure to external factors on the ability of native membranes of neutrophils and RBCs to undergo deep deformation. The rearrangement of the structural configuration of neutrophil and RBC membranes under the influence of cytological fixatives caused nonlinear deformation phenomena. There were an increase in Young's modulus, a decrease in the depth of homogeneous bending, and a change in the distance between cytoskeletal junctions. Based on the results of the analysis of experimental data, a mathematical model was proposed that describes the process of deep bending of RBСs and neutrophil membranes.
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15
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Abstract
Blood cell analysis is essential for the diagnosis and identification of hematological malignancies. The use of digital microscopy systems has been extended in clinical laboratories. Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has attracted wide attention in the medical field due to its nanoscale spatial resolution and high sensitivity. It is considered to be a potential method of blood cell analysis that may have more advantages than traditional approaches such as conventional optical microscopy and hematology analyzers in certain examination projects. In this review, we firstly summarize several common blood cell analysis technologies in the clinic, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. Then, we focus on the basic principles and characteristics of three representative SRM techniques, as well as the latest advances in these techniques for blood cell analysis. Finally, we discuss the developmental trend and possible research directions of SRM, and provide some discussions on further development of technologies for blood cell analysis.
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16
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Matthews K, Lamoureux ES, Myrand-Lapierre ME, Duffy SP, Ma H. Technologies for measuring red blood cell deformability. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1254-1274. [PMID: 35266475 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human red blood cells (RBCs) are approximately 8 μm in diameter, but must repeatedly deform through capillaries as small as 2 μm in order to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. The loss of this capability is associated with the pathology of many diseases, and is therefore a potential biomarker for disease status and treatment efficacy. Measuring RBC deformability is a difficult problem because of the minute forces (∼pN) that must be exerted on these cells, as well as the requirements for throughput and multiplexing. The development of technologies for measuring RBC deformability date back to the 1960s with the development of micropipette aspiration, ektacytometry, and the cell transit analyzer. In the past 10 years, significant progress has been made using microfluidics by leveraging the ability to precisely control fluid flow through microstructures at the size scale of individual RBCs. These technologies have now surpassed traditional methods in terms of sensitivity, throughput, consistency, and ease of use. As a result, these efforts are beginning to move beyond feasibility studies and into applications to enable biomedical discoveries. In this review, we provide an overview of both traditional and microfluidic techniques for measuring RBC deformability. We discuss the capabilities of each technique and compare their sensitivity, throughput, and robustness in measuring bulk and single-cell RBC deformability. Finally, we discuss how these tools could be used to measure changes in RBC deformability in the context of various applications including pathologies caused by malaria and hemoglobinopathies, as well as degradation during storage in blood bags prior to blood transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryn Matthews
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erik S Lamoureux
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Myrand-Lapierre
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Simon P Duffy
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Institute of Technology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongshen Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Sergunova V, Leesment S, Kozlov A, Inozemtsev V, Platitsina P, Lyapunova S, Onufrievich A, Polyakov V, Sherstyukova E. Investigation of Red Blood Cells by Atomic Force Microscopy. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22052055. [PMID: 35271203 PMCID: PMC8914789 DOI: 10.3390/s22052055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, much research is devoted to the study of biological objects using atomic force microscopy (AFM). This method’s resolution is superior to the other non-scanning techniques. Our study aims to further emphasize some of the advantages of using AFM as a clinical screening tool. The study focused on red blood cells exposed to various physical and chemical factors, namely hemin, zinc ions, and long-term storage. AFM was used to investigate the morphological, nanostructural, cytoskeletal, and mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBCs). Based on experimental data, a set of important biomarkers determining the status of blood cells have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Sergunova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Cell Membranes under Critical State, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (S.L.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-985-724-1827
| | - Stanislav Leesment
- NT-MDT Spectrum Instruments, Proezd 4922, 4/3 Zelenograd, 124460 Moscow, Russia; (S.L.); (V.P.)
| | - Aleksandr Kozlov
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Inozemtsev
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Cell Membranes under Critical State, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (S.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Polina Platitsina
- Institute of Biotechnical Systems and Technologies National Research“MIET”, Shokin Sq., Build.1, 124498 Zelenograd, Russia;
| | - Snezhanna Lyapunova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Cell Membranes under Critical State, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (S.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Alexander Onufrievich
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital” of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Hospital Sq., Build. 3, 105094 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vyacheslav Polyakov
- NT-MDT Spectrum Instruments, Proezd 4922, 4/3 Zelenograd, 124460 Moscow, Russia; (S.L.); (V.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Sherstyukova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Cell Membranes under Critical State, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (S.L.); (E.S.)
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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18
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The Toxic Influence of Excess Free Iron on Red Blood Cells in the Biophysical Experiment: An In Vitro Study. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:7113958. [PMID: 35256882 PMCID: PMC8898121 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is needed for life-essential processes, but free iron overload causes dangerous clinical consequences. The study of the role of red blood cells (RBCs) in the influence of excess free iron in the blood on the pathological consequences in an organism is relevant. Here, in a direct biophysical experiment in vitro, we studied the action of free iron overload on the packed red blood cell (pRBC) characteristics. In experiments, we incubated pRBCs with the ferrous sulfate solution (Fe2+). Wе used free iron in a wide range of concentrations. High Fe2+ concentrations made us possible to establish the pattern of the toxic effect of excess iron on pRBCs during a reduced incubation time in a biophysical experiment in vitro. It was found that excess free iron causes changes in pRBC morphology, the appearance of bridges between cells, and the formation of clots, increasing the membrane stiffness and methemoglobin concentration. We created a kinetic model of changes in the hemoglobin derivatives. The complex of simultaneous distortions of pRBCs established in our experiments can be taken into account when studying the mechanism of the toxic influence of excess free iron in the blood on pathological changes in an organism.
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19
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Manna S, Biswas P, Haldar R, Naskar TK, Law S. Cord and peripheral blood erythrocyte analysis by scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44:679-687. [PMID: 35150189 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human umbilical cord blood is rich in hematopoietic cells. We aimed to focus on the morphological, biochemical, membrane protein profile and surface protein expression differences of erythrocytes, isolated from cord and adult peripheral blood using techniques such as high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and flow cytometry. METHODS Adult peripheral blood was collected from consenting adults, and umbilical cord blood was procured from consenting mothers, post-delivery at Medical College, Kolkata. We emphasized on cord and adult peripheral blood erythrocytes' morphological variations using SEM images and protein expression by flow cytometric analysis. Some conventional biochemical analyses such as osmotic fragility of the cell membrane, haemoglobin co-oxidation study and lipid peroxidation assay were done for supporting evidence along with membrane protein content using gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Our SEM images indicated clear morphological variations in cord erythrocyte with a higher degree of cellular deformities and difference in membrane texture. Flow cytometric analysis of cord erythrocyte showed a significant difference in CD235a expression than adults. We observed an overexpression of GLUT1 and decreased expression of Band 3 in cord erythrocyte membrane. Our results also showed cord erythrocytes have low osmotic fragility, a slower rate of co-oxidation of cord haemoglobin and a lesser lipid peroxidation level than that of adults. CONCLUSION Cord blood erythrocytes have deeper indentations leading to higher flexibility, more oxygen-carrying capacity and less osmotic fragility in comparison with adult erythrocytes. The expression of CD235a and Band 4.5 (GLUT 1) was significantly higher in cord erythrocytes than peripheral adult erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Manna
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | - Payel Biswas
- Biophysics and Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajen Haldar
- Biophysics and Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Naskar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujata Law
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
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20
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Topological Relationships Cytoskeleton-Membrane Nanosurface-Morphology as a Basic Mechanism of Total Disorders of RBC Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042045. [PMID: 35216154 PMCID: PMC8876224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The state of red blood cells (RBCs) and their functional possibilities depend on the structural organization of the membranes. Cell morphology and membrane nanostructure are compositionally and functionally related to the cytoskeleton network. In this work, the influence of agents (hemin, endogenous oxidation during storage of packed RBCs, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature, and potential of hydrogen (pH) changes) on the relationships between cytoskeleton destruction, membrane nanostructure, and RBC morphology was observed by atomic force microscope. It was shown that the influence of factors of a physical and biochemical nature causes structural rearrangements in RBCs at all levels of organization, forming a unified mechanism of disturbances in relationships “cytoskeleton-membrane nanosurface-cell morphology”. Filament ruptures and, consequently, large cytoskeleton pores appeared. The pores caused membrane topological defects in the form of separate grain domains. Increasing loading doses led to an increase in the number of large cytoskeleton pores and defects and their fusion at the membrane nanosurfaces. This caused the changes in RBC morphology. Our results can be used in molecular cell biology, membrane biophysics, and in fundamental and practical medicine.
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21
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Morphometry and Stiffness of Red Blood Cells—Signatures of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010227. [PMID: 35008653 PMCID: PMC8745649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human red blood cells (RBCs) are unique cells with the remarkable ability to deform, which is crucial for their oxygen transport function, and which can be significantly altered under pathophysiological conditions. Here we performed ultrastructural analysis of RBCs as a peripheral cell model, looking for specific signatures of the neurodegenerative pathologies (NDDs)—Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), utilizing atomic force (AFM) and conventional optical (OM) microscopy. We found significant differences in the morphology and stiffness of RBCs isolated from patients with the selected NDDs and those from healthy individuals. Neurodegenerative pathologies’ RBCs are characterized by a reduced abundance of biconcave discoid shape, lower surface roughness and a higher Young’s modulus, compared to healthy cells. Although reduced, the biconcave is still the predominant shape in ALS and AD cells, while the morphology of PD is dominated by crenate cells. The features of RBCs underwent a marked aging-induced transformation, which followed different aging pathways for NDDs and normal healthy states. It was found that the diameter, height and volume of the different cell shape types have different values for NDDs and healthy cells. Common and specific morphological signatures of the NDDs were identified.
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22
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In vitro effect of high glucose concentrations on erythrocyte morphology assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Micron 2021; 154:103179. [PMID: 34895961 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the in vitro effect of different glucose concentrations and the time series in erythrocyte cell viability and morphology parameters. METHODS Different glucose concentrations were assessed, from a normal physiological glucose concentration (5 mM) to a diabetes scenario (100 mM). Cell viability was obtained by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The erythrocyte morphology (diameter, height, and axial ratio) was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS A significant decrease in cell viability was observed in erythrocytes with higher glucose concentration (100 mM). There was also a significant increase in the cells' diameter and height exposed to 100 mM, vs. those cultured with 5, 20, and 45 mM glucose, but only at 24 and 48 h. When comparing the same glucose concentration by a time series, it was observed that erythrocytes from the culture with 45 and 100 mM of glucose had a significant continuous decrease (approximately -0.40 μm) in diameter and height (24, 48, and 72 h), but there was no difference in the axial ratio observed. CONCLUSION Continuous exposure to high glucose concentrations in diabetes models produced less cell viability and changes in erythrocyte morphology (larger and scrambled cells), which in vivo might impact in microvascular complications.
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23
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Kostara CE, Tsiafoulis CG, Bairaktari ET, Tsimihodimos V. Altered RBC membrane lipidome: A possible etiopathogenic link for the microvascular impairment in Type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107998. [PMID: 34334328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Disturbances in red blood cells' (RBCs) membrane structure, that result in altered rheological properties, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus(T2DM). However, the compositional alterations in RBCs membranes of T2DM patients have not been characterized in detail. METHODS NMR-based lipidomic approach used for the global investigation of the lipidome of RBCs membrane in 20 newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Twenty healthy individuals served as controls. RESULTS In the lipidomic analysis, the discrimination power among the two groups was of high significance. T2DM patients characterized by an increased content of cholesterol, total sphingolipids, sphingomyelin and glycolipids, and decreased total phospholipids, mainly due to phosphatidylethanolamine, total ether glycerolipids and plasmalogen-phospholipids, and higher cholesterol-to-phospholipids molecular ratio compared to controls. In T2DM, lipids were esterified with saturated rather than unsaturated fatty acids, an atherogenic pattern that may be involved in the impairment of membrane fluidity and rigidity. CONCLUSIONS NMR-based lipidomic analysis of RBCs can provide insights into molecular lipid features of membrane microenvironment that influence their vital function and rheological behavior in microvascular network in T2DM.Early identification of these disturbances, even before the onset of diabetes, could critically help to the development of novel preventative and curative therapies for reducing the risk of microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Kostara
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Constantinos G Tsiafoulis
- NMR Center and Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry University of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni T Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasilis Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
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N M, Lukose J, Mohan G, Shastry S, Chidangil S. Single cell spectroscopy of red blood cells in intravenous crystalloid fluids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 257:119726. [PMID: 33848954 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crystalloid fluids, a subset of intravenous (IV) fluid solutions are commonly used in clinical settings. The influence of these fluids on the functions of blood components are least explored. Raman spectroscopy combined with optical trapping has been widely used to evaluate the impact of external stress agents on red blood cells. The present study investigates the impact of commonly used crystalloid fluids on red blood cells in comparison with that of blood plasma using Raman Tweezers spectroscopy. The red blood cells suspended in crystalloid fluids undergo deoxygenation readily than that in blood plasma. In addition, cells in blood plasma were able to withstand laser induced deoxygenation comparatively better than that in crystalloid fluids at higher laser powers. Principle component analysis of the Raman spectral data has clearly demonstrated the discrimination of cells in plasma with that of crystalloid fluids demonstrating the effect of external induced stress on RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun N
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Ganesh Mohan
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Shamee Shastry
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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25
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Livshits L, Barshtein G, Arbell D, Gural A, Levin C, Guizouarn H. Do We Store Packed Red Blood Cells under "Quasi-Diabetic" Conditions? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070992. [PMID: 34356616 PMCID: PMC8301930 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is one of the most common therapeutic procedures in modern medicine. Although frequently lifesaving, it often has deleterious side effects. RBC quality is one of the critical factors for transfusion efficacy and safety. The role of various factors in the cells’ ability to maintain their functionality during storage is widely discussed in professional literature. Thus, the extra- and intracellular factors inducing an accelerated RBC aging need to be identified and therapeutically modified. Despite the extensively studied in vivo effect of chronic hyperglycemia on RBC hemodynamic and metabolic properties, as well as on their lifespan, only limited attention has been directed at the high sugar concentration in RBCs storage media, a possible cause of damage to red blood cells. This mini-review aims to compare the biophysical and biochemical changes observed in the red blood cells during cold storage and in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Given the well-described corresponding RBC alterations in NIDDM and during cold storage, we may regard the stored (especially long-stored) RBCs as “quasi-diabetic”. Keeping in mind that these RBC modifications may be crucial for the initial steps of microvascular pathogenesis, suitable preventive care for the transfused patients should be considered. We hope that our hypothesis will stimulate targeted experimental research to establish a relationship between a high sugar concentration in a storage medium and a deterioration in cells’ functional properties during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Livshits
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Gregory Barshtein
- Biochemistry Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2-6758309
| | - Dan Arbell
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Alexander Gural
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Carina Levin
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel;
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Hélène Guizouarn
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, 28 Av. Valrose, 06100 Nice, France;
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Krajčíková K, Semančíková E, Zakutanská K, Kondrakhova D, Mašlanková J, Stupák M, Talian I, Tomašovičová N, Kimáková T, Komanický V, Dubayová K, Breznoščáková D, Pálová E, Semančík J, Tomečková V. Tear fluid biomarkers in major depressive disorder: Potential of spectral methods in biomarker discovery. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:75-82. [PMID: 33836432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic methods represent a group of analytical methods that demonstrate high potential in providing clinically relevant diagnostic information, such as biochemical, functional or structural changes of macromolecular complexes that might occur due to pathological processes or therapeutic intervention. Although application of these methods in the field of psychiatric research is still relatively recent, the preliminary results show that they have the capacity to detect subtle neurobiological abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods of mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), zymography, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to analyze the human tear fluid of subjects with MDD. Using MALDI-TOF MS, two diagnostically significant peaks (3747 and 16 411 m/z) were identified with an AUC value of 0.89 and 0.92 in tear fluid of subjects with MDD vs controls, respectively. We also identified various forms of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in subjects with MDD using zymography and synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS) showed a significant increase in fluorescence intensity at 280 nm. CD spectra were redshifted in tear fluid of subjects with MDD vs healthy controls. FTIR spectroscopy showed changes in the positions of peaks for amide A, I, II in tear fluid of subjects with MDD vs controls. Moreover, atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed different pattern in the crystal structures of tear fluid components in subjects with MDD. SFS, CD, FTIR spectroscopy, AFM and MALDI-TOF MS confirmed, that the human tear fluid proteome could be helpful in discriminating between the group of subjects with MDD and healthy controls. These preliminary findings suggest that spectral methods could represent a useful tool in clinical psychiatry, especially in establishing differential diagnosis, monitoring illness progression and the effect of psychiatric treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Krajčíková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Erika Semančíková
- 2(nd) Department of Psychiatry, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Rastislavova 43, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia; EPAMED s.r.o., Private Psychiatric Practice, Hlavná 68, Košice, 040 01, Slovakia.
| | - Katarína Zakutanská
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Department of Magnetism, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, Košice, 040 01, Slovakia
| | - Daria Kondrakhova
- Institute of Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Park Angelinum 9, Košice, 041 54, Slovakia
| | - Jana Mašlanková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Marek Stupák
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Talian
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Natália Tomašovičová
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Department of Magnetism, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, Košice, 040 01, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Kimáková
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárová 2, 041 80, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Komanický
- Institute of Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Park Angelinum 9, Košice, 041 54, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Dubayová
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Breznoščáková
- 1(st) Department of Psychiatry, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Eva Pálová
- EPAMED s.r.o., Private Psychiatric Practice, Hlavná 68, Košice, 040 01, Slovakia; 1(st) Department of Psychiatry, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Semančík
- 4(th) Clinic of Internal Medicine, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Vladimíra Tomečková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
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Haze A, Gavish L, Elishoov O, Shorka D, Tsohar T, Gellman YN, Liebergall M. Treatment of diabetic foot ulcers in a frail population with severe co-morbidities using at-home photobiomodulation laser therapy: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot clinical study. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:919-928. [PMID: 34052927 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an at-home photobiomodulation (PBM) device for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in a frail population with severe comorbidities. METHODS Prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot study. Patients (age = 63 ± 11 years, male:female 13:7) with insulin-dependent diabetes type 2, neuropathy, peripheral artery disease, significant co-morbidities, and large osteomyelitis-associated DFUs (University of Texas grade ≥ III) were randomized to receive active (n = 10) or sham (n = 10) at-home daily PBM treatments (pulsed near-infrared 808 nm Ga-Al-As laser, 250 mW, 8.8 J/cm2) for up to 12 weeks in addition to standard care. The primary outcome was the %wound size reduction. The secondary was adverse events. RESULTS With the numbers available, PBM-treated group had significantly greater %reduction compared to sham (area [cm2], baseline vs endpoint: PBM 10[20.3] cm2 vs 0.2[2.4] cm2; sham, 7.9 [12.0] cm2 vs 4.6 [13.8] cm2, p = 0.018 by Mann-Whitney U test). Wound closure > 90% occurred in 7 of 10 PBM-treated patients but in only 1 of 10 sham patients (p = 0.006). No adverse device effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Photobiomodulation at home, in addition to standard care, may be effective for the treatment of severe DFUs in frail patients with co-morbidities and is particularly relevant at these times of social distancing. Our preliminary results justify the conduction of a larger clinical trial. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01493895.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Haze
- Orthopedic Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lilach Gavish
- Institute for Research in Military Medicine (IRMM) of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12272, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
| | - Ofer Elishoov
- Orthopedic Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dorit Shorka
- Orthopedic Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Tsohar
- Orthopedic Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechiel N Gellman
- Orthopedic Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Meir Liebergall
- Orthopedic Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
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28
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Turpin C, Catan A, Meilhac O, Bourdon E, Canonne-Hergaux F, Rondeau P. Erythrocytes: Central Actors in Multiple Scenes of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115843. [PMID: 34072544 PMCID: PMC8198892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of atherosclerosis (ATH) involves lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and both vascular and blood cell dysfunction. Erythrocytes, the main circulating cells in the body, exert determinant roles in the gas transport between tissues. Erythrocytes have long been considered as simple bystanders in cardiovascular diseases, including ATH. This review highlights recent knowledge concerning the role of erythrocytes being more than just passive gas carriers, as potent contributors to atherosclerotic plaque progression. Erythrocyte physiology and ATH pathology is first described. Then, a specific chapter delineates the numerous links between erythrocytes and atherogenesis. In particular, we discuss the impact of extravasated erythrocytes in plaque iron homeostasis with potential pathological consequences. Hyperglycaemia is recognised as a significant aggravating contributor to the development of ATH. Then, a special focus is made on glycoxidative modifications of erythrocytes and their role in ATH. This chapter includes recent data proposing glycoxidised erythrocytes as putative contributors to enhanced atherothrombosis in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Turpin
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis, France; (C.T.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Aurélie Catan
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis, France; (C.T.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis, France; (C.T.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (E.B.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourdon
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis, France; (C.T.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (E.B.)
| | | | - Philippe Rondeau
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis, France; (C.T.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +262(0)-2-62-93-88-43; Fax: +262-(0)-2-62-93-88-01
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29
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Lahoti S, Nashawi M, Sheikh O, Massop D, Mir M, Chilton R. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and diabetic retinopathy: insights into preservation of sight and looking beyond. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2021; 10:3-13. [PMID: 33634250 PMCID: PMC7901818 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) were initially developed as therapeutic options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, randomized clinical trials have investigated their effects in cardiorenal protection through major adverse cardiovascular event reduction and reductions in diabetic nephropathy. While multiple mechanisms are proposed for this protection, microvascular protection is the primary component of their efficacy. While not primarily emphasized in clinical trials, evidence in other studies suggests that SGLT2i may confer retinoprotective effects via some of the same mechanisms in the aforementioned cardiorenal trials. Diabetic patients are susceptible to vision loss with chronic hyperglycemia promoting inflammation, edema, and retinal pathological changes. Targeting these pathways via SGLT2i may represent opportunities for providers to decrease retinopathy in high-risk T2DM patients, reduce disease progression, and lower drug burden in diabetic retinopathy patients. Further comprehensive clinical trials investigating these associations are needed to establish the potential retinoprotective effects of SGLT2i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Lahoti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio
| | - Mouhamed Nashawi
- Division of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Omar Sheikh
- Division of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - David Massop
- Department of Ophthalmology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio
| | - Mahnoor Mir
- Division of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Chilton
- Division of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Knychala MA, Garrote-Filho MDS, Batista da Silva B, Neves de Oliveira S, Yasminy Luz S, Marques Rodrigues MO, Penha-Silva N. Red cell distribution width and erythrocyte osmotic stability in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2505-2516. [PMID: 33591627 PMCID: PMC7933938 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between red cell distribution width (RDW) and erythrocyte osmotic stability in non‐diabetic and diabetic individuals in both sexes. The study sample (N = 122) was constituted by 53 type 2 diabetics (DM) and 69 non‐diabetics (ND), being 21 and 22 men in each group, respectively. The osmotic stability of erythrocytes was obtained by the variation in saline concentration (dX) capable of determining hypoosmotic lysis. Higher RDW values and lower serum iron concentrations were found in the diabetic group when compared to the non‐diabetic volunteers. In the group of diabetic women, RDW was positively correlated with the reticulocyte index, and both RDW and dX were negatively correlated with iron, haemoglobin, transferrin saturation index, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. In all the groups studied, RDW was positively correlated with dX, especially in the diabetic group, where the correlation was the strongest. RDW elevation in both women and men with type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with decreased serum iron indicators. Furthermore, RDW has a similar meaning to dX, as small erythrocytes have less haemoglobin, resulting in both an increase of RDW and dX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Yasminy Luz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Nilson Penha-Silva
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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31
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Demchenkov EL, Nagdalian AA, Budkevich RO, Oboturova NP, Okolelova AI. Usage of atomic force microscopy for detection of the damaging effect of CdCl 2 on red blood cells membrane. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111683. [PMID: 33396015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of detecting the damaging effect of cadmium salts on red blood cells (RBC) membrane by atomic force microscopy and light microscopy was studied. White wistar rats RBC were incubated with cadmium chloride in concentrations of 1 μg/l, 10 μg/l, 100 μg/l, and 1000 μg/l for the research. A comparison of sample preparation methods proposed by other authors in previous studies is made. The optimal method that does not significantly affect the change in the morphological features of the cell is selected. The quantitative assessment of damaged and destroyed RBC depending on the concentration of cadmium was performed by optical microscopy. The study showed that CdCl2 has a damaging effect on the RBC membrane, which leads to the formation of non-specific cell forms. A comparative assessment was made between the methods of optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy for the suitability of studying the morphological characteristics of abnormal forms of the RBC. It is shown that the method of atomic force microscopy allows registering morphological changes in the RBC that cannot be registered by optical microscopy. It is pointed that CdCl2 has effect on destruction of the RBC and the formation of specific bulges on the RBC membrane. Influence of CdCl2 on the RBC mechanical properties was studied using atomic force microscopy. The possibility of using atomic force microscopy in studies of morphology and mechanical properties of the RBC under toxicity effect of cadmium is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A A Nagdalian
- North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russian Federation.
| | - R O Budkevich
- North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russian Federation
| | - N P Oboturova
- North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russian Federation
| | - A I Okolelova
- Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
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32
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Inanc MT, Demirkan I, Ceylan C, Ozkan A, Gundogdu O, Goreke U, Gurkan UA, Unlu MB. Quantifying the influences of radiation therapy on deformability of human red blood cells by dual-beam optical tweezers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15519-15527. [PMID: 35481205 PMCID: PMC9029388 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is widely used as a treatment tool for malignancies. However, radiation-related complications are still unavoidable risks for off-target cells. Little is known about radiation therapy's possible effects on mechanical features of the off-target cells such as human red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs are nucleus-free circulating cells that can deform without losing functionality in healthy conditions. Thus, to evaluate in vitro effects of radiation therapy on the healthy plasma membrane of cells, RBCs were selected as a primary test model. RBCs were exposed to clinically prescribed radiotherapy doses of 2 Gy, 12 Gy and, 25 Gy, and each radiotherapy dose group was compared to a non-irradiated group. Cells were characterized by stretching using dual-beam optical tweezers and compared using the resulting deformability index. The group receiving the highest radiation dose was found statistically distinguishable from the control group (DI0Gy = 0.33 ± 0.08), and revealed the highest deformability index (DI25Gy = 0.38 ± 0.11, p = 0.0068), while no significant differences were found for 2 Gy (DI2Gy = 0.33 ± 0.08, p = 0.9) and 12 Gy (DI12Gy = 0.31 ± 0.09, p = 0.2) dose groups. Based on these findings, we conclude that radiotherapy exposure may alter the deformability of red blood cells depending on the dose amount, and measurement of deformability index by dual-beam optical tweezers can serve as a sensitive biomarker to probe responses of cells to the radiotherapy. Little is known about radiation therapy's possible effects on mechanical features of off-target cells such as human red blood cells. Here, irradiated human red blood cells were stretched using dual-beam optical tweezers and compared using the resulting deformability index.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irem Demirkan
- Department of Physics
- Bogazici University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Cemile Ceylan
- Istanbul Oncology Hospital
- Istanbul
- Turkey
- Health Sciences Institute
- Yeditepe University
| | | | | | - Utku Goreke
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - Umut A. Gurkan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
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Dimitriou E, Sergentanis TN, Lambadiari V, Theodossiadis G, Theodossiadis P, Chatziralli I. Correlation between Imaging Morphological Findings and Laboratory Biomarkers in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:6426003. [PMID: 34423046 PMCID: PMC8378977 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6426003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential association between peripheral blood biomarkers and morphological characteristics of retinal imaging in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS Participants in this cross-sectional study were 36 consecutive patients (36 eyes) with treatment-naïve DME, who underwent spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus photography, and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). In addition, peripheral blood samples were taken to evaluate full blood count and biochemical parameters. Correlation between imaging characteristics and laboratory parameters was examined. RESULTS Eyes with central subfield thickness greater than 405 μm presented significantly higher neutrophils/lymphocytes (p = 0.043) and higher lipoprotein (a) compared to eyes with CST < 405 μm (p = 0.003). Presence of hyperreflective foci on SD-OCT was associated with significantly higher white blood cell count (p = 0.028). Ellipsoid zone disruption was associated with significantly lower hematocrit (p = 0.012), hemoglobin (p = 0.009), and red blood cell count (p = 0.026), as well as with higher lipoprotein (a) (p = 0.015). Macular ischemia on FFA was associated with significantly higher monocytes (p = 0.027) and monocytes/HDL (p = 0.019). No significant associations were found between laboratory parameters and subretinal fluid, intraretinal fluid, exudates, cysts, disorganization of inner retinal layers, epiretinal membrane, and external limiting membrane condition. CONCLUSION Specific imaging morphological characteristics were found to be associated with laboratory parameters in patients with DME. These findings may shed light on the pathophysiology of DME and its correlation with the development of specific clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dimitriou
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros N. Sergentanis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Theodossiadis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Irini Chatziralli
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ünal A, Kocahan Ö, Altunan B, Aksoy Gündoğdu A, Uyanık M, Özder S. Quantitative phase imaging of erythrocyte in epilepsy patients. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:1172-1180. [PMID: 33340178 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the quantitative phase imaging of erythrocytes with the aim to compare the morphological differences between epilepsy patients under antiepileptic treatment, who have no other disease which may affect the erythrocyte morphology, and the healthy control group. The white light diffraction phase microscopy (WDPM) has been used to obtain the interferogram of the erythrocyte surfaces. The continuous wavelet transform with Paul wavelet has been chosen to calculate the surface profiles from this interferogram image. For the determination of alteration in morphology, besides WDPM, erythrocyte surfaces have been investigated by light microscope and scanning electron microscope. In this way, it has been possible to see the difference in terms of precision and implementation between the most commonly used methods with regard to the quantitative phase imaging. Erythrocytes from all the samples have been examined and displayed in both two- and three-dimensional way. We have observed that erythrocytes of patients with effective antiepileptic blood levels were more affected in morphology than healthy subjects. When we compared the erythrocyte morphological changes of patients who received monotherapy or polytherapy, no difference was observed. In conclusion, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) cause red blood cell (RBC) morphological changes and a combined usage of WDPM with Paul wavelet and light microscopy methods are very convenient for studying the erythrocyte morphologies on multiple patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Ünal
- Department of Neurology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Özlem Kocahan
- Department of Physics, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Bengü Altunan
- Department of Neurology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | | | - Merve Uyanık
- Department of Physics, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Serhat Özder
- Department of Physics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Loyola-Leyva A, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Terán-Figueroa Y, Camacho-Lopez S, González FJ, Barquera S. Application of atomic force microscopy to assess erythrocytes morphology in early stages of diabetes. A pilot study. Micron 2020; 141:102982. [PMID: 33227627 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to assess the application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to evaluate erythrocyte morphology in early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the association with biochemical, anthropometric, diet, and physical activity indicators. This was a pilot cross-sectional study with four groups: healthy individuals, people with prediabetes (PDG), metabolic syndrome (MSG), and diabetes mellitus group (DMG). Blood samples were obtained to assess the erythrocyte morphology and biochemical parameters. Anthropometrical measurements were taken. Besides, a diet and a physical activity questionnaire were applied. The evaluation of the erythrocyte morphology through the AFM showed quantitative and qualitative alterations in the cell's form and size. Compared to the healthy group, the PDG had a reduction in height (-0.80 μm, p < 0.05), and an increase in axial ratio (-0.09 μm, p < 0.05); the MSG had lower concave depth (-0.19 μm, p < 0.05); and the DMG had a decreased height (-0.46 μm, p < 0.05) and concave depth (-0.29 μm, p < 0.05), and higher axial ratio (+0.08 μm) and thickness (+0.32 μm, p < 0.05). The PDG vs. DMG had a statistically significant difference in concave depth (+0.23 μm, p < 0.05) and thickness (-0.26 μm, p < 0.05). The MSG was different than the DMG in variables like axial ratio (-0.05 μm) and thickness (-0.25 μm). Besides, higher values of age, HbA1c, triglycerides, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and physical inactivity were associated with altered erythrocyte morphology. AFM is a promising instrument to assess early but subtle changes in erythrocyte morphology (height, axial ratio, concave depth, thickness) before significant pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. HbA1c might have a major effect in altered morphology, vs. metabolic parameters like high triglycerides, body mass index, waist, and physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Loyola-Leyva
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, CIACyT), Avenida Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico.
| | - Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Popular Autonomous University of the State of Puebla, 21 sur 1103, Barrio de Santiago, 72410, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Yolanda Terán-Figueroa
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí), Lateral Av. Salvador Nava, Lomas, 78290, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico.
| | - Santiago Camacho-Lopez
- Department of Optics, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918. Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Javier González
- Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología, CIACyT), Avenida Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico.
| | - Simón Barquera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research. National Institute of Public Health. Address: Av. Universidad No.655 Col Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Sparrow RL, Payne KA, Adams GG. Higher donor body mass index is associated with increased hemolysis of red blood cells at 42-days of storage: A retrospective analysis of routine quality control data. Transfusion 2020; 61:449-463. [PMID: 33231302 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For reasons unclear, some stored red blood cells (RBCs) have low hemolysis, while others have high hemolysis, which impacts quality consistency. To identify variables that influence hemolysis, routine quality control (QC) data for 42-days-stored RBCs with corresponding donor information were analyzed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS RBC QC and donor data were obtained from a national blood supplier. Regression models and analyses were performed on total cohort stratified by donor sex and by high hemolysis (≥90th percentile) vs control (<90th percentile) samples, including matching. RESULTS Data included 1734 leukoreduced RBCs (822 female, 912 male), processed by buffy coat-poor or whole blood filtration methods. Male RBCs had larger volume, hemoglobin content, and higher hemolysis than female RBCs (median hemolysis, 0.24% vs 0.21%; all P < .0001). Multivariable regression identified increased body mass index (BMI) and RBC variables were associated with higher hemolysis (P < .0001), along with older female age and buffy coat-poor processing method (P < .002). Logistic regression models comparing the high and control hemolysis subsets, matched for RBC component variables and processing method, identified overweight-obese BMI (>27 kg/m2 ) in males remained the single donor-related variable associated with higher hemolysis (P < .0001); odds ratio, 3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-6.7), increasing to 4 (95% CI, 1.8-8.6) for obese males (BMI > 30 kg/m2 ). Female donor obesity and older age trended toward higher hemolysis. CONCLUSION Donor BMI, sex, and female age influence the level of hemolysis of 42-days-stored RBCs. Other factors, not identified in this study, also influence the level of hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary L Sparrow
- Formerly Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, West Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine A Payne
- Formerly Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, West Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Manufacturing and Quality Division, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey G Adams
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Pretorius E, Venter C, Laubscher GJ, Lourens PJ, Steenkamp J, Kell DB. Prevalence of readily detected amyloid blood clots in 'unclotted' Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 plasma: a preliminary report. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:193. [PMID: 33203441 PMCID: PMC7670290 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a well-known comorbidity to COVID-19 and coagulopathies are a common accompaniment to both T2DM and COVID-19. In addition, patients with COVID-19 are known to develop micro-clots within the lungs. The rapid detection of COVID-19 uses genotypic testing for the presence of SARS-Cov-2 virus in nasopharyngeal swabs, but it can have a poor sensitivity. A rapid, host-based physiological test that indicated clotting severity and the extent of clotting pathologies in the individual who was infected or not would be highly desirable. Methods Platelet poor plasma (PPP) was collected and frozen. On the day of analysis, PPP samples were thawed and analysed. We show here that microclots can be detected in the native plasma of twenty COVID-19, as well as ten T2DM patients, without the addition of any clotting agent, and in particular that such clots are amyloid in nature as judged by a standard fluorogenic stain. Results were compared to ten healthy age-matched individuals. Results In COVID-19 plasma these microclots are significantly increased when compared to the levels in T2DM. Conclusions This fluorogenic test may provide a rapid and convenient test with 100% sensitivity (P < 0.0001) and is consistent with the recognition that the early detection and prevention of such clotting can have an important role in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Chantelle Venter
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Gert Jacobus Laubscher
- Mediclinic Stellenbosch, Suite 104, 1 Elsie du Toit Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Petrus Johannes Lourens
- Mediclinic Stellenbosch, Suite 104, 1 Elsie du Toit Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Janami Steenkamp
- PathCare Laboratories, PathCare Business Centre, Neels Bothma Street, N1 City, 7460, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa. .,Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK. .,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Building 220, Kemitorvet, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Paul R, Zhou Y, Nikfar M, Razizadeh M, Liu Y. Quantitative absorption imaging of red blood cells to determine physical and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38923-38936. [PMID: 33240491 PMCID: PMC7685304 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells or erythrocytes, constituting 40 to 45 percent of the total volume of human blood are vesicles filled with hemoglobin with a fluid-like lipid bilayer membrane connected to a 2D spectrin network. The shape, volume, hemoglobin mass, and membrane stiffness of RBCs are important characteristics that influence their ability to circulate through the body and transport oxygen to tissues. In this study, we show that a simple two-LED set up in conjunction with standard microscope imaging can accurately determine the physical and mechanical properties of single RBCs. The Beer–Lambert law and undulatory motion dynamics of the membrane have been used to measure the total volume, hemoglobin mass, membrane tension coefficient, and bending modulus of RBCs. We also show that this method is sensitive enough to distinguish between the mechanical properties of RBCs during morphological changes from a typical discocyte to echinocytes and spherocytes. Measured values of the tension coefficient and bending modulus are 1.27 × 10−6 J m−2 and 7.09 × 10−20 J for discocytes, 4.80 × 10−6 J m−2 and 7.70 × 10−20 J for echinocytes, and 9.85 × 10−6 J m−2 and 9.69 × 10−20 J for spherocytes, respectively. This quantitative light absorption imaging reduces the complexity related to the quantitative imaging of the biophysical and mechanical properties of a single RBC that may lead to enhanced yet simplified point of care devices for analyzing blood cells. The constant thickness in the microfluidic channel is used for controlled absorption of red and blue light to measure red blood cell hemoglobin and height mapping. High speed recording of the height mapping provides us the membrane fluctuation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Meghdad Razizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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A C-peptide complex with albumin and Zn 2+ increases measurable GLUT1 levels in membranes of human red blood cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17493. [PMID: 33060722 PMCID: PMC7566639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) require exogenous administration of insulin, which stimulates the translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to cell membranes. However, most bloodstream cells contain GLUT1 and are not directly affected by insulin. Here, we report that C-peptide, the 31-amino acid peptide secreted in equal amounts with insulin in vivo, is part of a 3-component complex that affects red blood cell (RBC) membranes. Multiple techniques were used to demonstrate saturable and specific C-peptide binding to RBCs when delivered as part of a complex with albumin. Importantly, when the complex also included Zn2+, a significant increase in cell membrane GLUT1 was measured, thus providing a cellular effect similar to insulin, but on a transporter on which insulin has no effect.
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40
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Di Giacinto F, Tartaglione L, Nardini M, Mazzini A, Romanò S, Rizzo GE, Papi M, De Spirito M, Pitocco D, Ciasca G. Searching for the Mechanical Fingerprint of Pre-diabetes in T1DM: A Case Report Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:569978. [PMID: 33117782 PMCID: PMC7552738 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.569978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 38 year-old Caucasian man enrolled in a study aimed at investigating the physical properties of red blood cells (RBCs) using advanced microscopy techniques, including Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). At the time of his first enrolment in the study, he had normal Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) values, a BMI of 24.1, and no other symptoms of diabetes, including fatigue, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and altered inflammatory and corpuscular RBC indices. The subject reported no family history of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite his apparently healthy conditions, the biomechanics of his RBCs was altered, showing increased values of stiffness and viscosity. More than 1 year after the mechanical measurements, the subject was admitted to the Operational Unit of Diabetology of the Policlinico Gemelli Hospital with high blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Here, we show these data, and we discuss the hypothesis that RBC mechanical properties could be sensitive to changes occurring during the pre-diabetic phase of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Di Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Tartaglione
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University School of Medicine and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Nardini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Mazzini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Emanuele Rizzo
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University School of Medicine and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Pitocco
- Diabetes Care Unit, Catholic University School of Medicine and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Chu YH, Tai YH, Yeh CC, Tsou MY, Lee HS, Ho ST, Li MH, Lin TC, Lu CC. Glucose reduces the osmopressor response in connection with the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in red blood cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2020; 63:128-136. [PMID: 32594066 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_32_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose ingestion attenuates the water ingestion-induced increase in the total peripheral vascular resistance and orthostatic tolerance. We investigated the gastrointestinal physiology of glucose by examining the effect of glucose ingestion on the functional expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in red blood cell (RBC) membrane. This study was performed in 24 young, healthy subjects. Blood samples were collected at 5 min before and 25 min and 50 min after an ingestion of 10% glucose water 500 mL, water 500 mL, or normal saline 500 mL. We determined glucose and osmolality in plasma, and phosphorylation of aquaporin 1 (AQP1), glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), and FAK in RBC membrane. Our results showed that glucose ingestion reduced the rise of peripheral vascular resistance after water ingestion and upregulated the serine phosphorylation of Glut1. It also lowered both the serine phosphorylation of FAK and tyrosine phosphorylation of AQP1, compared with the ingestion of either water or saline. In an ex vivo experiment, glucose activated the Glut1 receptor and subsequently reduced the expression of FAK compared with 0.8% saline alone. We concluded that glucose activates Glut1 and subsequently lowers the functional expression of FAK, a cytoskeleton protein of RBCs. The functional change in the RBC membrane proteins in connection with the attenuation of osmopressor response may elucidate the pathophysiology of glucose in postprandial hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Hsiang Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsuan Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chang Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yung Tsou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Herng-Sheng Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Tai Ho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei; Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung; Institute of Aerospace Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Chou Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cherng Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center; Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mudali D, Jeevanandam J, Danquah MK. Probing the characteristics and biofunctional effects of disease-affected cells and drug response via machine learning applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:951-977. [PMID: 32633615 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1789062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced transformations in disease characteristics at the cellular and molecular level offers the opportunity to predict and evaluate the efficacy of pharmaceutical ingredients whilst enabling the optimal design of new and improved drugs with enhanced pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Machine learning is a promising in-silico tool used to simulate cells with specific disease properties and to determine their response toward drug uptake. Differences in the properties of normal and infected cells, including biophysical, biochemical and physiological characteristics, plays a key role in developing fundamental cellular probing platforms for machine learning applications. Cellular features can be extracted periodically from both the drug treated, infected, and normal cells via image segmentations in order to probe dynamic differences in cell behavior. Cellular segmentation can be evaluated to reflect the levels of drug effect on a distinct cell or group of cells via probability scoring. This article provides an account for the use of machine learning methods to probe differences in the biophysical, biochemical and physiological characteristics of infected cells in response to pharmacokinetics uptake of drug ingredients for application in cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mudali
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, USA
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Pernow J, Mahdi A, Yang J, Zhou Z. Red blood cell dysfunction: a new player in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1596-1605. [PMID: 31198931 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary role of red blood cells (RBCs) is to transport oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs. However, emerging evidence suggests an important role of the RBC beyond being just a passive carrier of the respiratory gases. The RBCs are of importance for redox balance and are actively involved in the regulation of vascular tone, especially during hypoxic and ischaemic conditions by the release of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and adenosine triphosphate. The role of the RBC has gained further interest after recent discoveries demonstrating a markedly altered function of the cell in several pathological conditions. Such alterations include increased adhesion capability, increased formation of reactive oxygen species as well as altered protein content and enzymatic activities. Beyond signalling increased oxidative stress, the altered function of RBCs is characterized by reduced export of NO bioactivity regulated by increased arginase activity. Of further importance, the altered function of RBCs has important implications for several cardiovascular disease conditions. RBCs have been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction and to increase cardiac injury during ischaemia-reperfusion in diabetes mellitus. Finally, this new knowledge has led to novel therapeutic possibilities to intervene against cardiovascular disease by targeting signalling in the RBC. These novel data open up an entirely new view on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind the cardiovascular disease processes in diabetes mellitus mediated by the RBC. This review highlights the current knowledge regarding the role of RBCs in cardiovascular regulation with focus on their importance for cardiovascular dysfunction in pathological conditions and therapeutic possibilities for targeting RBCs in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Heart and Vascular Division, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Mahdi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiangning Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Beyond the myocardium? SGLT2 inhibitors target peripheral components of reduced oxygen flux in the diabetic patient with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 27:219-234. [PMID: 32583230 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent cardiovascular outcome trials have highlighted the propensity of the antidiabetic agents, SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2is or -flozin drugs), to exert positive clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease at risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Of interest in cardiac diabetology is the physiological status of the patient with T2DM and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a well-examined association. Underlying this pathologic tandem are the effects that long-standing hyperglycemia has on the ability of the HFpEF heart to adequately deliver oxygen. It is believed that shortcomings in oxygen diffusion or utilization and the resulting hypoxia thereafter may play a role in underlying the clinical sequelae of patients with T2DM and HFpEF, with implications in the long-term decline of extra-cardiac tissue. Oxygen consumption is one of the most critical factors in indexing heart failure disease burden, warranting a probe into the role of SGLT2i on oxygen utility in HFpEF and T2DM. We investigated the role of oxygen flux in the patient with T2DM and HFpEF extending beyond the heart with focuses on cellular metabolism, perivascular fibrosis with endothelial dysfunction, hematologic changes, and renal effects with neurohormonal considerations in the patient with HFpEF and T2DM. Moreover, we give a commentary on potential therapeutic targets of these components with SGLT2i to gain insight into disease burden amelioration in patients with HFpEF and T2DM.
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Faivre M, Renoux C, Bessaa A, Da Costa L, Joly P, Gauthier A, Connes P. Mechanical Signature of Red Blood Cells Flowing Out of a Microfluidic Constriction Is Impacted by Membrane Elasticity, Cell Surface-to-Volume Ratio and Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:576. [PMID: 32595519 PMCID: PMC7303906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that Red Blood Cells (RBCs) have been intensively studied in the past 50 years to characterize mechanical phenotypes associated with both healthy and pathological states, only ektacytometry (i.e., laser diffractometry) is currently used by hematologists to screen for RBC membrane disorders. Therefore, the development of new diagnostic tools able to perform analysis at the scale of a single cell, over a statistically relevant population, would provide important complementary information. But these new diagnostic tools would have to be able to discriminate between different disorders causing a change in RBCs mechanical properties. We evaluated the mechanical response of artificially rigidified RBCs flowing through a microfluidic constriction. The geometry consists in a 50 μm wide channel with a succession of 14 tooth-like patterns, each composed of a 5 μm wide and 10 μm long constriction, associated with a 25 μm wide and 10 μm long enlargement. RBCs deformability was altered using two chemical treatments, known to affect RBCs membrane surface area and membrane deformability, lysolecithine (LPC) and diamide, respectively. Differences between samples were highlighted by the representation of the inverse of the shape recovery time (1/τ r ), versus the extension at the exit of the constriction, D out . The results demonstrate that our approach is able to provide a direct signature of RBCs membrane composition and architecture, as it allows discriminating the effect of changes in RBCs membrane surface area from changes in RBCs membrane deformability. Finally, in order to evaluate the potential of our microsystem to detect pathological cells, we have performed preliminary experiments on patients with Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) or Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Faivre
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon INL-UMR 5270 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Céline Renoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Equipe “Biologie Vasculaire et du Globule Rouge”, UCBL1, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence (Labex) GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Biochimie des Pathologies Érythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, HCL, Bron, France
| | - Amel Bessaa
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Equipe “Biologie Vasculaire et du Globule Rouge”, UCBL1, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence (Labex) GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Da Costa
- Laboratoire d’Excellence (Labex) GR-Ex, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1149, CRI, Faculté de Médecine Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Joly
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Equipe “Biologie Vasculaire et du Globule Rouge”, UCBL1, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence (Labex) GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Biochimie des Pathologies Érythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, HCL, Bron, France
| | - Alexandra Gauthier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Equipe “Biologie Vasculaire et du Globule Rouge”, UCBL1, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence (Labex) GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Institut d’Hématologie et d’Oncologie Pédiatrique (IHOP), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Equipe “Biologie Vasculaire et du Globule Rouge”, UCBL1, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence (Labex) GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Guizouarn H, Allegrini B. Erythroid glucose transport in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1371-1383. [PMID: 32474749 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transport is intimately linked to red blood cell physiology. Glucose is the unique energy source for these cells, and defects in glucose metabolism or transport activity are associated with impaired red blood cell morphology and deformability leading to reduced lifespan. In vertebrate erythrocytes, glucose transport is mediated by GLUT1 (in humans) or GLUT4 transporters. These proteins also account for dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) transport through erythrocyte membrane. The peculiarities of glucose transporters and the red blood cell pathologies involving GLUT1 are summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Guizouarn
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 28 av. Valrose, 06100, Nice, France.
| | - Benoit Allegrini
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 28 av. Valrose, 06100, Nice, France
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Chen R, Xiang Z, Xia Y, Ma Z, Shi Q, Wong S, Yin J. Thermal and Reactive Oxygen Species Dual‐Responsive OEGylated Polysulfides with Oxidation‐Tunable Lower Critical Solution Temperatures. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000206. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runhai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zehong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Shing‐Chung Wong
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Akron Akron OH 44325‐3903 USA
| | - Jinghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
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Asaro RJ, Zhu Q. Vital erythrocyte phenomena: what can theory, modeling, and simulation offer? Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 19:1361-1388. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Visser MJ, Pretorius E. Atomic Force Microscopy: The Characterisation of Amyloid Protein Structure in Pathology. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 19:2958-2973. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191121143240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
:
Proteins are versatile macromolecules that perform a variety of functions and participate in
virtually all cellular processes. The functionality of a protein greatly depends on its structure and alterations
may result in the development of diseases. Most well-known of these are protein misfolding disorders,
which include Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus, where
soluble proteins transition into insoluble amyloid fibrils. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is capable of
providing a topographical map of the protein and/or its aggregates, as well as probing the nanomechanical
properties of a sample. Moreover, AFM requires relatively simple sample preparation, which presents
the possibility of combining this technique with other research modalities, such as confocal laser
scanning microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and stimulated emission depletion microscopy. In this review,
the basic principles of AFM are discussed, followed by a brief overview of how it has been applied
in biological research. Finally, we focus specifically on its use as a characterisation method to
study protein structure at the nanoscale in pathophysiological conditions, considering both molecules
implicated in disease pathogenesis and the plasma protein fibrinogen. In conclusion, AFM is a userfriendly
tool that supplies multi-parametric data, rendering it a most valuable technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J.E. Visser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Arakawa C, Gunnarsson C, Howard C, Bernabeu M, Phong K, Yang E, DeForest CA, Smith JD, Zheng Y. Biophysical and biomolecular interactions of malaria-infected erythrocytes in engineered human capillaries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay7243. [PMID: 32010773 PMCID: PMC6968943 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microcirculatory obstruction is a hallmark of severe malaria, but mechanisms of parasite sequestration are only partially understood. Here, we developed a robust three-dimensional microvessel model that mimics the arteriole-capillary-venule (ACV) transition consisting of a narrow 5- to 10-μm-diameter capillary region flanked by arteriole- or venule-sized vessels. Using this platform, we investigated red blood cell (RBC) transit at the single cell and at physiological hematocrits. We showed normal RBCs deformed via in vivo-like stretching and tumbling with negligible interactions with the vessel wall. By comparison, Plasmodium falciparum-infected RBCs exhibited virtually no deformation and rapidly accumulated in the capillary-sized region. Comparison of wild-type parasites to those lacking either cytoadhesion ligands or membrane-stiffening knobs showed highly distinctive spatial and temporal kinetics of accumulation, linked to velocity transition in ACVs. Our findings shed light on mechanisms of microcirculatory obstruction in malaria and establish a new platform to study hematologic and microvascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Arakawa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Celina Gunnarsson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Caitlin Howard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Maria Bernabeu
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kiet Phong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Eric Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Cole A. DeForest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joseph D. Smith
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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