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Lopes-Virella MF, Hammad SM, Baker NL, Klein RL, Hunt KJ. Circulating Lipoprotein Sphingolipids in Chronic Kidney Disease with and without Diabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:190. [PMID: 38255295 PMCID: PMC10813484 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of sphingolipid metabolism play an important role in diabetes. We compared sphingolipid levels in plasma and in isolated lipoproteins between healthy control subjects and two groups of patients, one with chronic kidney disease without diabetes (ND-CKD), and the other with type 2 diabetes and macroalbuminuria (D-MA). Ceramides, sphingomyelins, and sphingoid bases and their phosphates in LDL were higher in ND-CKD and in D-MA patients compared to controls. However, ceramides and sphingoid bases in HDL2 and HDL3 were lower in ND-CKD and in D-MA patients than in controls. Sphingomyelins in HDL2 and HDL3 were lower in D-MA patients than in controls but were normal in ND-CKD patients. Compared to controls, lactosylceramides in LDL and VLDL were higher in ND-CKD patients but not in D-MA patients. However, lactosylceramides in HDL2 and HDL3 were lower in both ND-CKD and D-MA patients than in controls. Plasma hexosylceramides in ND-CKD patients were increased and sphingoid bases decreased in both ND-CKD and D-MA patients. However, hexosylceramides in LDL, HDL2, and HDL3 were higher in ND-CKD patients than in controls. In D-MA patients, only C16:0 hexosylceramide in LDL was higher than in controls. The data suggest that sphingolipid measurement in lipoproteins, rather than in whole plasma, is crucial to decipher the role of sphingolipids in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA;
| | - Samar M. Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Nathaniel L. Baker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Richard L. Klein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA;
| | - Kelly J. Hunt
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA;
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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2
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Denimal D. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of High-Density Lipoprotein in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:57. [PMID: 38247481 PMCID: PMC10812436 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that play an important role in preventing the development of atherosclerotic lesions and possibly also diabetes. In turn, both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are susceptible to having deleterious effects on these HDL functions. The objectives of the present review are to expound upon the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of HDLs in both diabetes in the setting of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and discuss the contributions of these HDL functions to the onset of diabetes. (2) Methods: this narrative review is based on the literature available from the PubMed database. (3) Results: several antioxidant functions of HDLs, such as paraoxonase-1 activity, are compromised in T2D, thereby facilitating the pro-atherogenic effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. In addition, HDLs exhibit diminished ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory pathways in the vessels of individuals with T2D. Although the literature is less extensive, recent evidence suggests defective antiatherogenic properties of HDL particles in T1D. Lastly, substantial evidence indicates that HDLs play a role in the onset of diabetes by modulating glucose metabolism. (4) Conclusions and perspectives: impaired HDL antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions present intriguing targets for mitigating cardiovascular risk in individuals with diabetes. Further investigations are needed to clarify the influence of glycaemic control and nephropathy on HDL functionality in patients with T1D. Furthermore, exploring the effects on HDL functionality of novel antidiabetic drugs used in the management of T2D may provide intriguing insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Denimal
- Unit 1231, Center for Translational and Molecular Medicine, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France
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Widjaja NA, Caesar LA, Nova S, Ardianah E. Beyond the Scale: Investigating Adiponectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 as Metabolic Markers in Obese Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome. J Obes 2023; 2023:4574042. [PMID: 37822716 PMCID: PMC10564580 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4574042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adiponectin acts to prevent vascular dysfunction due to obesity by inhibiting ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions. Objective We investigate adiponectin ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study with healthy obese adolescents aged 13 to 18 years was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020. Statistical analysis conducted was a test of normality and homogeneity tests, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis, independent sample T-test/Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation and determined as significant if p value <0.05. Results 125 obese adolescents were recruited. 42 (33.6%) were obese with MetS (we grouped as MetS) and 83 (66.4%) subjects without MetS (non-MetS group). VCAM-1 was significantly higher on boys with MetS compared to girls with MetS, and even girls with MetS had lower levels of VCAM-1 than boys with non-MetS. ICAM-1 was significantly higher in boys with low-level HDL-c (p < 0.05) and correlated weakly with HDL-c, while adiponectin levels were significantly lower in girls with central obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. Path analysis showed that triglyceride had a direct effect on ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1 in both obese boys and girls. Adiponectin had a negative direct effect on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in girls. However, on boys, diastole blood pressure had a negative direct effect, which might be the role of sex hormones indirectly. Conclusion VCAM-1 was significantly higher in boys than girls, which showed that boys had a higher risk of atherosclerosis. ICAM-1 showed no significant difference in both gender and metabolic states. Adiponectin showed a protective effect by lowering ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 directly on girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aisiyah Widjaja
- Faculty of Medicine, Child Health Department, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Leonardo Alexander Caesar
- Faculty of Medicine, Child Health Department, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Suhasta Nova
- Faculty of Medicine, Child Health Department, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Eva Ardianah
- Ikatan Dokter Indonesia Surabaya, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 117, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
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Hammad SM, Lopes-Virella MF. Circulating Sphingolipids in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes and Associated Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14015. [PMID: 37762318 PMCID: PMC10531201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids play an important role in the development of diabetes, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as in the development of both micro- and macro-vascular complications. Several reviews have been published concerning the role of sphingolipids in diabetes but most of the emphasis has been on the possible mechanisms by which sphingolipids, mainly ceramides, contribute to the development of diabetes. Research on circulating levels of the different classes of sphingolipids in serum and in lipoproteins and their importance as biomarkers to predict not only the development of diabetes but also of its complications has only recently emerged and it is still in its infancy. This review summarizes the previously published literature concerning sphingolipid-mediated mechanisms involved in the development of diabetes and its complications, focusing on how circulating plasma sphingolipid levels and the relative content carried by the different lipoproteins may impact their role as possible biomarkers both in the development of diabetes and mainly in the development of diabetic complications. Further studies in this field may open new therapeutic avenues to prevent or arrest/reduce both the development of diabetes and progression of its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M. Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Denimal D, Monier S, Bouillet B, Vergès B, Duvillard L. High-Density Lipoprotein Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020253. [PMID: 36837872 PMCID: PMC9967905 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations affecting high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are one of the various abnormalities observed in dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Kinetic studies have demonstrated that the catabolism of HDL particles is accelerated. Both the size and the lipidome and proteome of HDL particles are significantly modified, which likely contributes to some of the functional defects of HDLs. Studies on cholesterol efflux capacity have yielded heterogeneous results, ranging from a defect to an improvement. Several studies indicate that HDLs are less able to inhibit the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) proinflammatory pathway, and subsequently, the adhesion of monocytes on endothelium and their recruitment into the subendothelial space. In addition, the antioxidative function of HDL particles is diminished, thus facilitating the deleterious effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins on vasculature. Lastly, the HDL-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is less effective in T2DM and metabolic syndrome, contributing to several HDL functional defects, such as an impaired capacity to promote vasodilatation and endothelium repair, and difficulty counteracting the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Denimal
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Serge Monier
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
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6
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Levesque MV, Hla T. Signal Transduction and Gene Regulation in the Endothelium. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:cshperspect.a041153. [PMID: 35667710 PMCID: PMC9722983 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signals act on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to regulate homeostasis and adapt to stress. This involves rapid intracellular post-translational responses and long-lasting gene-expression changes that ultimately determine cellular phenotype and fate changes. The lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors (S1PRs) are examples of well-studied GPCR signaling axis essential for vascular development, homeostasis, and diseases. The biochemical cascades involved in rapid S1P signaling are well understood. However, gene-expression regulation by S1PRs are less understood. In this review, we focus our attention to how S1PRs regulate nuclear chromatin changes and gene transcription to modulate vascular and lymphatic endothelial phenotypic changes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Because S1PR-targeted drugs approved for use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases cause substantial vascular-related adverse events, these findings are critical not only for general understanding of stimulus-evoked gene regulation in the vascular endothelium, but also for therapeutic development of drugs for autoimmune and perhaps vascular diseases.
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Dai X, Zhou G, Xu L. Associations between red blood cell count and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279274. [PMID: 36574367 PMCID: PMC9794081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies found that red blood cell count (RBC) was an unrecognized risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While the epidemiological data underpinning the evidence is very limited. As there are some differences between the latest criteria of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and NAFLD, itis necessary to evaluate the relationship between RBC and MAFLD. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES)2017-2018 cohort, including 4477 participants. Hepatic steatosis was determined when the value of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) obtained by Fibroscan was ≥274 dB/m. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between RBC and MAFLD. We estimated the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of RBC for MAFLD, and the nonlinear relationship between RBC and MAFLD was further described using smooth curve fittings and threshold-effect analysis. RESULTS We found that MAFLD risk was significantly higher according to RBC quartiles. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)for the highest RBC quartile were 1.5(1.0, 2.3) for male and 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) for female, respectively. As for male, a non-linear relationship was discovered between RBCs and MAFLD, with a RBC threshold of 4.2. The effect sizes and confidence intervals on the right side of the inflection point were 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) (P for nonlinearity = 0.027). The sensitivity analysis showed a similar result. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that that elevated RBC level is associated with the higher risk of MAFLD in male. The positive relationship was not significant in females after full adjustment. Our finding provided novel evidence indicating that RBCs might be a potential biomarker for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Dai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Luzhou Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Chakrabarty S, Bui Q, Badeanlou L, Hester K, Chun J, Ruf W, Ciaraldi TP, Samad F. S1P/S1PR3 signalling axis protects against obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. Adipocyte 2022; 11:69-83. [PMID: 35094654 PMCID: PMC8803104 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.2021700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that interacts via 5 G-protein coupled receptors, S1PR1-5, to regulate signalling pathways critical to biological processes including cell growth, immune cell trafficking, and inflammation.We demonstrate that in Type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects, plasma S1P levels significantly increased in response to the anti-diabetic drug, rosiglitazone, and, S1P levels correlated positively with measures of improved glucose homeostasis. In HFD-induced obese C57BL/6 J mice S1PR3 gene expression was increased in adipose tissues (AT) and liver compared with low fat diet (LFD)-fed counterparts. On a HFD, weight gain was similar in both S1PR3-/- mice and WT littermates; however, HFD-fed S1PR3-/- mice exhibited a phenotype of partial lipodystrophy, exacerbated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. This worsened metabolic phenotype of HFD-fed S1PR3-/- mice was mechanistically linked with increased adipose inflammation, adipose macrophage and T-cell accumulation, hepatic inflammation and hepatic steatosis. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes S1P increased adipogenesis and S1P-S1PR3 signalling regulated the expression of PPARγ, suggesting a novel role for this signalling pathway in the adipogenic program. These results reveal an anti-diabetic role for S1P, and, that S1P-S1PR3 signalling in the adipose and liver defends against excessive inflammation and steatosis to maintain metabolic homeostasis at key regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell Biology, San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Quyen Bui
- Department of Cell Biology, San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Leylla Badeanlou
- Department of Cell Biology, San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Hester
- Department of Cell Biology, San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, Ca and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fahumiya Samad
- Department of Cell Biology, San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
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Chu KO, Chan TI, Chan KP, Yip YW, Bakthavatsalam M, Wang CC, Pang CP, Brelen ME. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of aqueous humor in diabetic macular edema. Mol Vis 2022; 28:230-244. [PMID: 36284671 PMCID: PMC9514551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of diabetic macular edema (DME) was explored by comparing the intraocular metabolite profiles of the aqueous humor of patients with DME to those of diabetic patients without DME using untargeted metabolomic analysis. METHODS Aqueous samples from 18 type 2 diabetic patients with DME and 18 type 2 diabetic patients without DME used as controls were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). The two groups of patients were age and gender matched and had no systemic diseases other than diabetes mellitus (DM). The metabolites were analyzed using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. RESULTS The metabolite profiles in DME patients differed from those in DM controls. This indicates the following metabolic derangements in DME: (a) a higher amount of oxidized fatty acids but a lower amount of endogenous antioxidants (oxidative stress); (b) higher levels of β-glucose and homocysteine but a lower level of sorbitol (hyperglycemia); (c) a higher amount of prostaglandin metabolites (inflammation); (d) higher amounts of acylcarnitines, odd-numbered fatty acids, and 7,8-diaminononanoate (respiration deterioration); (e) a higher amount of neurotransmitter metabolites and homovanillic acid (neuronal damage); (f) a lower amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents (ECM deterioration); and (g) a higher amount of di-amino peptides (microvascular damage). CONCLUSIONS The change in the metabolic profiles in the aqueous humor of DME patients compared to DM controls without DME indicates that DME patients may have less capability to resist various stresses or damaging pathological conditions, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial insufficiency, inflammation, and ECM deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Tina InLam Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Ping Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Yolanda WongYing Yip
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Malini Bakthavatsalam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong,School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Marten E. Brelen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
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Denimal D, Benanaya S, Monier S, Simoneau I, Pais de Barros JP, Le Goff W, Bouillet B, Vergès B, Duvillard L. Normal HDL Cholesterol Efflux and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities in Type 2 Diabetes Despite Lipidomic Abnormalities. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3816-e3823. [PMID: 35647758 PMCID: PMC9387699 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether, in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, lipidomic abnormalities in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are associated with impaired cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory effect, 2 pro-atherogenic abnormalities. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a secondary analysis of the Lira-NAFLD study, including 20 T2D patients at T0 and 25 control subjects. Using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, we quantified 110 species of the main HDL phospholipids and sphingolipids. Cholesterol efflux capacity was measured on THP-1 macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effect of HDL was measured as their ability to inhibit the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS The cholesterol-to-triglyceride ratio was decreased in HDL from T2D patients compared with controls (-46%, P = 0.00008). As expressed relative to apolipoprotein AI, the amounts of phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and sphingosine-1-phosphate were similar in HDL from T2D patients and controls. Phosphatidylethanolamine-based plasmalogens and ceramides (Cer) were, respectively, 27% (P = 0.038) and 24% (P = 0.053) lower in HDL from T2D patients than in HDL from controls, whereas phosphatidylethanolamines were 41% higher (P = 0.026). Cholesterol efflux capacity of apoB-depleted plasma was similar in T2D patients and controls (36.2 ± 4.3 vs 35.5 ± 2.8%, P = 0.59). The ability of HDL to inhibit the TNFα-induced expression of both VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at the surface of HUVECs was similar in T2D patients and controls (-70.6 ± 16.5 vs -63.5 ± 18.7%, P = 0.14; and -62.1 ± 13.2 vs -54.7 ± 17.7%, P = 0.16, respectively). CONCLUSION Despite lipidomic abnormalities, the cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory capacities of HDL are preserved in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Denimal
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Sara Benanaya
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Serge Monier
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Flow Cytometry Platform, Fédération de Recherche Santé STIC/DIMACELL, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Simoneau
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Lipidomic Analytical Platform, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, INSERM-UMR_S1166, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- Correspondence: Laurence Duvillard, MD, PhD, Biochimie Médicale, Plateau Technique de Biologie, 2, rue Angélique Ducoudray, BP 37013, 21070 Dijon Cédex, France.
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Alessenko AV, Shupik MA, Gutner UA, Zateyshchikov DA, Minushkina LO, Rogozhina AA, Lebedev AT, Maloshitskaya OA, Sokolov SA, Kurochkin IN. Prospects for Using Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Lipids in Clinical Cardiolipidology. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Qiu Y, Shen J, Jiang W, Yang Y, Liu X, Zeng Y. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and its regulatory role in vascular endothelial cells. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:213-225. [PMID: 35118637 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive metabolite of sphingomyelin. S1P activates a series of signaling cascades by acting on its receptors S1PR1-3 on endothelial cells (ECs), which plays an important role in endothelial barrier maintenance, anti-inflammation, antioxidant and angiogenesis, and thus is considered as a potential therapeutic biomarker for ischemic stroke, sepsis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cancers, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We presently review the levels of S1P in those vascular and vascular-related diseases. Plasma S1P levels were reduced in various inflammation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and sepsis, but were increased in other diseases including type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular damages such as acute ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, angina, heart failure, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, community-acquired pneumonia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Then, we highlighted the molecular mechanism by which S1P regulated EC biology including vascular development and angiogenesis, inflammation, permeability, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), which might provide new ways for exploring the pathogenesis and implementing individualized therapy strategies for those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Orthopeadics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Rotheudt L, Moritz E, Markus MR, Albrecht D, Völzke H, Friedrich N, Schwedhelm E, Daum G, Schminke U, Felix SB, Rauch BH, Dörr M, Bahls M. Sphingosine-1-phosphate and vascular disease in the general population. Atherosclerosis 2022; 350:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Hammad SM, Hunt KJ, Baker NL, Klein RL, Lopes-Virella MF. Diabetes and kidney dysfunction markedly alter the content of sphingolipids carried by circulating lipoproteins. J Clin Lipidol 2022; 16:173-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Semler A, Hammad S, Lopes-Virella MF, Klein RL, Huang Y. Deoxysphingolipids Upregulate MMP-1, Downregulate TIMP-1, and Induce Cytotoxicity in Human Schwann Cells. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 24:352-362. [PMID: 34853975 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a heterogeneous class of lipids and essential components of the plasma membrane and plasma lipoproteins. Studies have shown that plasma deoxysphingolipid (DSL), a newly identified sphingolipid class, is increased in diabetic patients and associated with diabetic neuropathy. However, it remains unknown if there is a causal relationship between plasma DSL increase and diabetic neuropathy. Since matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in diabetic neuropathy by degrading extracellular matrix in the peripheral nervous system, we investigated the effect of DSLs on the expression of MMPs and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMPs), and cytotoxicity in human Schwann cells. We quantified protein secretion, gene expression, and collagenase activity, and performed cytotoxicity assays. Results showed that DSLs upregulated MMP-1, downregulated TIMP-1, and induced cytotoxicity in Schwann cells. Furthermore, we quantified DSLs in VLDL, LDL, HDL2, and HDL3 isolated from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with or without neuropathy. Interestingly, lipidomic analysis showed that only HDL2 isolated from T2DM patients with neuropathy contains significantly higher level of DSLs than that isolated from T2DM patients without neuropathy. Additionally, results showed that HDL2 isolated from T2DM patients with neuropathy was more potent than that isolated from T2DM patients without neuropathy in upregulating MMP-1, downregulating TIMP-1, and stimulating collagenase activity in Schwann cell. Taken together, this study demonstrated for the first time a potential causal relationship between DSLs and diabetic neuropathy and that DSL-containing HDL2 from T2DM patients with neuropathy was more potent than that from T2DM patients without neuropathy in stimulating collagenase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Semler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Samar Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Richard L Klein
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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16
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Breakfast partly restores the anti-inflammatory function of high-density lipoproteins from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2021; 44:43-50. [PMID: 36644668 PMCID: PMC9833245 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims High-density lipoproteins (HDL) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have impaired anti-inflammatory activities. The anti-inflammatory activity of HDL has been determined ex vivo after isolation by different methods from blood mostly obtained after overnight fasting. We first determined the effect of the HDL isolation method, and subsequently the effect of food intake on the anti-inflammatory function of HDL from T2DM patients. Methods Blood was collected from healthy controls and T2DM patients after an overnight fast, and from T2DM patients 3 h after breakfast (n = 17 each). HDL was isolated by a two-step density gradient ultracentrifugation in iodixanol (HDLDGUC2), by sequential salt density flotation (HDLSEQ) or by PEG precipitation (HDLPEG). The anti-inflammatory function of HDL was determined by the reduction of the TNFα-induced expression of VCAM-1 in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and retinal endothelial cells (REC). Results HDL isolated by the three different methods from healthy controls inhibited TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression in HCAEC. With apoA-I at 0.7 μM, HDLDGUC2 and HDLSEQ were similarly effective (16% versus 14% reduction; n = 3; p > 0.05) but less effective than HDLPEG (28%, p < 0.05). Since ultracentrifugation removes most of the unbound plasma proteins, we used HDLDGUC2 for further experiments. With apoA-I at 3.2 μM, HDL from fasting healthy controls and T2DM patients reduced TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression in HCAEC by 58 ± 13% and 51 ± 20%, respectively (p = 0.35), and in REC by 42 ± 13% and 25 ± 18%, respectively (p < 0.05). Compared to preprandial HDL, postprandial HDL from T2DM patients reduced VCAM-1 expression by 56 ± 16% (paired test: p < 0.001) in HCAEC and by 34 ± 13% (paired test: p < 0.05) in REC. Conclusions The ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity of HDL is affected by the HDL isolation method. Two-step ultracentrifugation in an iodixanol gradient is a suitable method for HDL isolation when testing HDL anti-inflammatory function. The anti-inflammatory activity of HDL from overnight fasted T2DM patients is significantly impaired in REC but not in HCAEC. The anti-inflammatory function of HDL is partly restored by food intake.
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17
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Mastrocola R, Dal Bello F, Cento AS, Gaens K, Collotta D, Aragno M, Medana C, Collino M, Wouters K, Schalkwijk CG. Altered hepatic sphingolipid metabolism in insulin resistant mice: Role of advanced glycation endproducts. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:425-435. [PMID: 33905864 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High plasma levels of the sphingolipid intermediates ceramide (Cer) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are suggested to be involved in the development of insulin resistance (IR). Recent evidence indicates that advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) can alter the sphingolipids metabolism equilibrium. Since enzymes responsible for sphingolipid rheostat maintenance are highly expressed in liver, we thus investigated whether AGEs accumulation can affect hepatic sphingolipids metabolism in insulin resistant mice. Two different models of IR were examined: genetically diabetic LeptrDb-/- (DbDb) and diet-induced insulin resistant C57Bl/6J mice fed a 60% trans-fat diet (HFD). In addition, a group of HFD mice was supplemented with the anti-AGEs compound pyridoxamine. AGEs were evaluated in the liver by western blotting. Cer and S1P were measured by UHPLC-MS/MS. The expression of RAGE and of enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism were assessed by RT-PCR and western blotting. HepG2 cells were used to study the effect of the major AGE Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML)-albumin on sphingolipid metabolism and the role of the receptor of AGEs (RAGE). High levels of AGEs and RAGE were detected in the liver of both DbDb and HFD mice in comparison to controls. The expression of enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism was altered in both models, accompanied by increased levels of Cer and S1P. Specifically, ceramide synthase 5 and sphingosine kinase 1 were increased, while neutral ceramidase was reduced. Pyridoxamine supplementation to HFD mice diminished hepatic AGEs and prevented alterations of sphingolipid metabolism and the development of IR. CML administration to HepG2 cells evoked alterations similar to those observed in vivo, that were in part mediated by the binding to RAGE. The present study shows a direct involvement of AGEs in alterations of sphingolipid metabolism associated to the development of IR. The modulation of sphingolipids metabolism through the prevention of AGEs accumulation by pyridoxamine may reduce the development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mastrocola
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Dept. of Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands.
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia S Cento
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Katrien Gaens
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands
| | - Debora Collotta
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Medana
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Collino
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Kristiaan Wouters
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands
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18
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Stadler JT, Wadsack C, Marsche G. Fetal High-Density Lipoproteins: Current Knowledge on Particle Metabolism, Composition and Function in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040349. [PMID: 33808220 PMCID: PMC8067099 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol and other lipids carried by lipoproteins play an indispensable role in fetal development. Recent evidence suggests that maternally derived high-density lipoprotein (HDL) differs from fetal HDL with respect to its proteome, size, and function. Compared to the HDL of adults, fetal HDL is the major carrier of cholesterol and has a unique composition that implies other physiological functions. Fetal HDL is enriched in apolipoprotein E, which binds with high affinity to the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Thus, it appears that a primary function of fetal HDL is the transport of cholesterol to tissues as is accomplished by low-density lipoproteins in adults. The fetal HDL-associated bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate shows strong vasoprotective effects at the fetoplacental vasculature. Moreover, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 carried by fetal-HDL exerts anti-oxidative and athero-protective functions on the fetoplacental endothelium. Notably, the mass and activity of HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 are about 5-fold lower in the fetus, accompanied by an attenuation of anti-oxidative activity of fetal HDL. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity is reduced in fetal circulation despite similar amounts of the enzyme in maternal and fetal serum. This review summarizes the current knowledge on fetal HDL as a potential vasoprotective lipoprotein during fetal development. We also provide an overview of whether and how the protective functionalities of HDL are impaired in pregnancy-related syndromes such as pre-eclampsia or gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.T.S.); (G.M.); Tel.: +43-316-385-74115 (J.T.S.); +43-316-385-74128 (G.M.)
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.T.S.); (G.M.); Tel.: +43-316-385-74115 (J.T.S.); +43-316-385-74128 (G.M.)
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19
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Ozanimod to Treat Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Disease, Drug Efficacy and Side Effects. Neurol Int 2020; 12:89-108. [PMID: 33287177 PMCID: PMC7768354 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint12030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent and debilitating neurologic condition characterized by widespread neurodegeneration and the formation of focal demyelinating plaques in the central nervous system. Current therapeutic options are complex and attempt to manage acute relapse, modify disease, and manage symptoms. Such therapies often prove insufficient alone and highlight the need for more targeted MS treatments with reduced systemic side effect profiles. Ozanimod is a novel S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate) receptor modulator used for the treatment of clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing–remitting, and secondary progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. It selectively modulates S1P1 and S1P5 receptors to prevent autoreactive lymphocytes from entering the CNS where they can promote nerve damage and inflammation. Ozanimod was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for the management of multiple sclerosis in March 2020 and has been proved to be both effective and well tolerated. Of note, ozanimod is associated with the following complications: increased risk of infections, liver injury, fetal risk, increased blood pressure, respiratory effects, macular edema, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, among others. Further investigation including head-to-head clinical trials is warranted to evaluate the efficacy of ozanimod compared with other S1P1 receptor modulators.
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20
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Chabowski DS, Cohen KE, Abu-Hatoum O, Gutterman DD, Freed JK. Crossing signals: bioactive lipids in the microvasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1185-H1197. [PMID: 32243770 PMCID: PMC7541955 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00706.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary function of the arterial microvasculature is to ensure that regional perfusion of blood flow is matched to the needs of the tissue bed. This critical physiological mechanism is tightly controlled and regulated by a variety of vasoactive compounds that are generated and released from the vascular endothelium. Although these substances are required for modulating vascular tone, they also influence the surrounding tissue and have an overall effect on vascular, as well as parenchymal, homeostasis. Bioactive lipids, fatty acid derivatives that exert their effects through signaling pathways, are included in the list of vasoactive compounds that modulate the microvasculature. Although lipids were identified as important vascular messengers over three decades ago, their specific role within the microvascular system is not well defined. Thorough understanding of these pathways and their regulation is not only essential to gain insight into their role in cardiovascular disease but is also important for preventing vascular dysfunction following cancer treatment, a rapidly growing problem in medical oncology. The purpose of this review is to discuss how biologically active lipids, specifically prostanoids, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, sphingolipids, and lysophospholipids, contribute to vascular function and signaling within the endothelium. Methods for quantifying lipids will be briefly discussed, followed by an overview of the various lipid families. The cross talk in signaling between classes of lipids will be discussed in the context of vascular disease. Finally, the potential clinical implications of these lipid families will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid S. Chabowski
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,2Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Katie E. Cohen
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,2Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ossama Abu-Hatoum
- 4Department of Surgery, HaEmek Medical Center, Technion Medical School, Haifa, Israel
| | - David D. Gutterman
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,2Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Julie K. Freed
- 2Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,3Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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21
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Obinata H, Hla T. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and inflammation. Int Immunol 2020; 31:617-625. [PMID: 31049553 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid mediator, regulates various cellular functions via high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors, S1P1-5. The S1P-S1P receptor signaling system plays important roles in lymphocyte trafficking and maintenance of vascular integrity, thus contributing to the regulation of complex inflammatory processes. S1P is enriched in blood and lymph while maintained low in intracellular or interstitial fluids, creating a steep S1P gradient that is utilized to facilitate efficient egress of lymphocytes from lymphoid organs. Blockage of the S1P-S1P receptor signaling system results in a marked decrease in circulating lymphocytes because of a failure of lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs. This provides a basis of immunomodulatory drugs targeting S1P1 receptor such as FTY720, an immunosuppressive drug approved in 2010 as the first oral treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The S1P-S1P receptor signaling system also plays important roles in maintenance of vascular integrity since it suppresses sprouting angiogenesis and regulates vascular permeability. Dysfunction of the S1P-S1P receptor signaling system results in various vascular defects, such as exaggerated angiogenesis in developing retina and augmented inflammation due to increased permeability. Endothelial-specific deletion of S1P1 receptor in mice fed high-fat diet leads to increased formation of atherosclerotic lesions. This review highlights the importance of the S1P-S1P receptor signaling system in inflammatory processes. We also describe our recent findings regarding a specific S1P chaperone, apolipoprotein M, that anchors to high-density lipoprotein and contributes to shaping the endothelial-protective and anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideru Obinata
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Del Gaudio I, Sreckovic I, Zardoya-Laguardia P, Bernhart E, Christoffersen C, Frank S, Marsche G, Illanes SE, Wadsack C. Circulating cord blood HDL-S1P complex preserves the integrity of the feto-placental vasculature. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158632. [PMID: 31954174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal and long-term offspring morbidities are strongly dependent on the preservation of placental vascular homeostasis during pregnancy. In adults, the HDL-apoM-S1P complex protects the endothelium and maintains vascular integrity. However, the metabolism and biology of cord blood-derived HDLs (referred to as neonatal HDL, nHDL) strikingly differ from those in adults. Here, we investigate the role of neonatal HDLs in the regulation of placental vascular function. We show that nHDL is a major carrier of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which is anchored to the particle through apoM (rs = 0.90, p < 0.0001) in the fetal circulation. Furthermore, this complex interacts with S1P receptors on the feto-placental endothelium and activates specifically extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK) and phospholipase C (PLC) downstream signaling, promotes endothelial cell proliferation and calcium flux. Notably, the nHDL-S1P complex triggers actin filaments reorganization, leading to an enhancement of placental endothelial barrier function. Additionally, nHDL induces vasorelaxation of isolated placental chorionic arteries. Taken together, these results suggest that circulating nHDL exerts vasoprotective effects on the feto-placental endothelial barrier mainly via S1P signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Del Gaudio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ivana Sreckovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Eva Bernhart
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saša Frank
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian E Illanes
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinica Davila, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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23
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Tan-Chen S, Guitton J, Bourron O, Le Stunff H, Hajduch E. Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling in Skeletal Muscle: From Physiology to Physiopathology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:491. [PMID: 32849282 PMCID: PMC7426366 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids represent one of the major classes of eukaryotic lipids. They play an essential structural role, especially in cell membranes where they also possess signaling properties and are capable of modulating multiple cell functions, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. Many sphingolipid derivatives, such as ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and ganglioside, have been shown to play many crucial roles in muscle under physiological and pathological conditions. This review will summarize our knowledge of sphingolipids and their effects on muscle fate, highlighting the role of this class of lipids in modulating muscle cell differentiation, regeneration, aging, response to insulin, and contraction. We show that modulating sphingolipid metabolism may be a novel and interesting way for preventing and/or treating several muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tan-Chen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Guitton
- Université Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Bourron
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Eric Hajduch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Eric Hajduch
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24
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Diarte-Añazco EMG, Méndez-Lara KA, Pérez A, Alonso N, Blanco-Vaca F, Julve J. Novel Insights into the Role of HDL-Associated Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246273. [PMID: 31842389 PMCID: PMC6940915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are key signaling molecules involved in the regulation of cell physiology. These species are found in tissues and in circulation. Although they only constitute a small fraction in lipid composition of circulating lipoproteins, their concentration in plasma and distribution among plasma lipoproteins appears distorted under adverse cardiometabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), one of their main representatives, is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte homeostasis in different models of experimental cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and represents a main risk factor for heart failure. Notably, plasma concentration of S1P, particularly high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound S1P, may be decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus, and hence, inversely related to cardiac alterations. Despite this, little attention has been given to the circulating levels of either total S1P or HDL-bound S1P as potential biomarkers of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Thus, this review will focus on the potential role of HDL-bound S1P as a circulating biomarker in the diagnosis of main cardiometabolic complications frequently associated with systemic metabolic syndromes with impaired insulin signaling. Given the bioactive nature of these molecules, we also evaluated its potential of HDL-bound S1P-raising strategies for the treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. G. Diarte-Añazco
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
| | - Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
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Alessenko AV, Zateyshchikov DA, Lebedev AТ, Kurochkin IN. Participation of Sphingolipids in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:77-87. [DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.8.10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. A. Zateyshchikov
- City Clinical Hospital № 51; Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs
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26
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Mihanfar A, Nejabati HR, Fattahi A, Latifi Z, Pezeshkian M, Afrasiabi A, Safaie N, Jodati AR, Nouri M. The role of sphingosine 1 phosphate in coronary artery disease and ischemia reperfusion injury. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2083-2094. [PMID: 30341893 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerotic plaques, as a hallmark of CAD, cause chronic narrowing of coronary arteries over time and could also result in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The standard treatments for ameliorating AMI are reperfusion strategies, which paradoxically result in ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), as a potent lysophospholipid, plays an important role in various organs, including immune and cardiovascular systems. In addition, high-density lipoprotein, as a negative predictor of atherosclerosis and CAD, is a major carrier of S1P in blood circulation. S1P mediates its effects through binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors, and its signaling contributes to a variety of responses, including cardiac inflammation, dysfunction, and I/R injury protection. In this review, we will focus on the role of S1P in CAD and I/R injury as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Latifi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Pezeshkian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Afrasiabi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Safaie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Jodati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Liu D, Ji L, Zhao M, Wang Y, Guo Y, Li L, Zhang D, Xu L, Pan B, Su J, Xiang S, Pennathur S, Li J, Gao J, Liu P, Willard B, Zheng L. Lysine glycation of apolipoprotein A-I impairs its anti-inflammatory function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 122:47-57. [PMID: 30092227 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein compontent of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), exerts many anti-atherogenic functions. This study aimed to reveal whether nonenzymatic glycation of specific sites of apoA-I impaired its anti-inflammatory effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LC-MS/MS was used to analyze the specific sites and the extent of apoA-I glycation either modified by glucose in vitro or isolated from T2DM patients. Cytokine release in THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages was tested by ELISA. Activation of NF-kappa B pathway was detected by western blot. The binding affinity of apoA-I to THP-1 cells was measured using 125I-labeled apoA-I. We identified seven specific lysine (Lys, K) residues of apoA-I (K12, K23, K40, K96, K106, K107 and K238) that were susceptible to be glycated either in vitro or in vivo. Glycation of apoA-I impaired its abilities to inhibit the release of TNF-α and IL-1β against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in THP-1 cells. Besides, the glycation levels of these seven K sites in apoA-I were inversely correlated with its anti-inflammatory abilities. Furthermore, glycated apoA-I had a lower affinity to THP-1 cells than native apoA-I had. We generated mutant apoA-I (K107E, M-apoA-I) with a substitution of glutamic acid (Glu, E) for lysine at the 107th site, and found that compared to wild type apoA-I (WT-apoA-I), M-apoA-I decreased its anti-inflammatory effects in THP-1 cells. We also modeled the location of these seven K residues on apoA-I which allowed us to infer the conformational alteration of glycated apoA-I and HDL. In summary, glycation of these seven K residues altered the conformation of apoA-I and consequently impaired the protective effects of apoA-I, which may partly account for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Liang Ji
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yansong Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Proteomics Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Proteomics Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Jinzi Su
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Song Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Jingxuan Li
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China.
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28
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Wong NKP, Nicholls SJ, Tan JTM, Bursill CA. The Role of High-Density Lipoproteins in Diabetes and Its Vascular Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1680. [PMID: 29874886 PMCID: PMC6032203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 600 million people are predicted to have diabetes mellitus (DM) by 2035. Diabetic patients suffer from increased rates of microvascular and macrovascular complications, associated with dyslipidaemia, impaired angiogenic responses to ischaemia, accelerated atherosclerosis, and inflammation. Despite recent treatment advances, many diabetic patients remain refractory to current approaches, highlighting the need for alternative agents. There is emerging evidence that high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are able to rescue diabetes-related vascular complications through diverse mechanisms. Such protective functions of HDL, however, can be rendered dysfunctional within the pathological milieu of DM, triggering the development of vascular complications. HDL-modifying therapies remain controversial as many have had limited benefits on cardiovascular risk, although more recent trials are showing promise. This review will discuss the latest data from epidemiological, clinical, and pre-clinical studies demonstrating various roles for HDL in diabetes and its vascular complications that have the potential to facilitate its successful translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K P Wong
- Immunobiology Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Joanne T M Tan
- Immunobiology Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Immunobiology Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Myeloperoxidase mediated HDL oxidation and HDL proteome changes do not contribute to dysfunctional HDL in Chinese subjects with coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193782. [PMID: 29505607 PMCID: PMC5837105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) are inversely correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) derived oxidants and HDL proteome changes are implicated in HDL dysfunction in subjects with CAD in the United States; however, the effect of MPO on HDL function and HDL proteome in ethnic Chinese population is unknown. We recruited four matched ethnic Chinese groups (20 patients each): subjects with 1) low HDL levels (HDL levels in men <40mg/dL and women <50mg/dL) and non-CAD (identified by coronary angiography or cardiac CT angiography); 2) low HDL and CAD; 3) high HDL (men >50mg/dL; women >60mg/dL) with no CAD; and 4) high HDL with CAD. Serum cytokines, serum MPO levels, serum CEC, MPO-oxidized HDL tyrosine moieties, and HDL proteome were assessed by mass spectrometry individually in the four groups. The cytokines, MPO levels, and HDL proteome profiles were not significantly different between the four groups. As expected, CEC was depressed in the entire CAD group but more specifically in the CAD low-HDL group. HDL of CAD subjects had significantly higher 3-nitrotyrosine than non-CAD subjects, but the MPO-specific 3-chlorotyrosine was unchanged; CEC in the CAD low-HDL group did not correlate with either HDL 3-chlorotyrosine or 3-nitrotyrosine levels. Neither 3-chlorotyrosine, which is MPO-specific, nor 3-nitrotyrosine generated from MPO or other reactive nitrogen species was associated with CEC. MPO mediated oxidative stress and HDL proteome composition changes are not the primary cause HDL dysfunction in Chinese subjects with CAD. These studies highlight ethnic differences in HDL dysfunction between United States and Chinese cohorts raising possibility of unique pathways of HDL dysfunction in this cohort.
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30
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Chantzichristos VG, Gkrozou F, Stellos K, Paschopoulos ME, Tselepis AD. Comparative Anti-Platelet Profiling Reveals a Potent Anti-Aggregatory Effect of CD34+ Progenitor Cell-Derived Late-Outgrowth Endothelial Cells in vitro. J Vasc Res 2017; 55:13-25. [DOI: 10.1159/000481779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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31
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Mărginean CO, Meliţ LE, Dobreanu M, Mărginean MO. Type V hypertriglyceridemia in children, a therapeutic challenge in pediatrics: A case report and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8864. [PMID: 29390422 PMCID: PMC5758124 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypertriglyceridemia is defined as a level of triglycerides above 150 mg/dL. The complex causes and classification of hypertriglyceridemia lead to difficulties in the diagnosis and management of this condition. PATIENT CONCERNS We present the case of a 15 years and 6 months old female teenager, admitted in our clinic for the following complaints: severe abdominal pain predominantly in the lateral left quadrant, nausea, vomiting, and the lack of stools for 2 days. The clinical exam showed: impaired general status, painful abdomen at superficial and deep palpation in the left and upper abdominal quadrants, the absence of stools for 2 days. DIAGNOSES The laboratory parameters revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, high level of serum amylase and triglycerides, and increased inflammatory biomarkers. The imagistic investigations showed ascites and paralytic ileus. INTERVENTIONS The management was burdened by the side-effects of hypolipidemic drugs impairing the liver function and leading to rhabdomyolysis, but eventually the patient's outcome was good. OUTCOMES Type V hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare condition accounting for approximately 5% of the cases. The risk for acute pancreatitis is well-known to be associated with hypertriglyceridemia, even though in rare cases. LESSONS The prognosis of hypertriglyceridemia is pediatrics is burdened not only by the long-term risk factors associated to the diseases itself, but also by the negative effects of long-term hypolipidemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Elena Meliţ
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Minodora Dobreanu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Maria Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mureş, Romania
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32
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Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent lipid mediator that works on five kinds of S1P receptors located on the cell membrane. In the circulation, S1P is distributed to HDL, followed by albumin. Since S1P and HDL share several bioactivities, S1P is believed to be responsible for the pleiotropic effects of HDL. Plasma S1P levels are reportedly lower in subjects with coronary artery disease, suggesting that S1P might be deeply involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In basic experiments, however, S1P appears to possess both pro-atherosclerotic and anti-atherosclerotic properties; for example, S1P possesses anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and vaso-relaxation properties and maintains the barrier function of endothelial cells, while S1P also promotes the egress and activation of lymphocytes and exhibits pro-thrombotic properties. Recently, the mechanism for the biased distribution of S1P on HDL has been elucidated; apolipoprotein M (apoM) carries S1P on HDL. ApoM is also a modulator of S1P, and the metabolism of apoM-containing lipoproteins largely affects the plasma S1P level. Moreover, apoM modulates the biological properties of S1P. S1P bound to albumin exerts both beneficial and harmful effects in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, while S1P bound to apoM strengthens anti-atherosclerotic properties and might weaken the pro-atherosclerotic properties of S1P. Although the detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated, apoM and S1P might be novel targets for the alleviation of atherosclerotic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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Książek M, Charmas M, Klusiewicz A, Zabielski P, Długołęcka B, Chabowski A, Baranowski M. Endurance training selectively increases high-density lipoprotein-bound sphingosine-1-phosphate in the plasma. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:57-64. [PMID: 28493600 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lysosphingolipid that is found in relatively high concentration in human plasma. Erythrocytes, endothelial cells, and activated platelets are the main sources of circulating S1P. The majority of plasma S1P is transported bound to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and albumin. In recent years, HDL-bound S1P attracted much attention due to its cardioprotective and anti-atherogenic properties. We have previously found that endurance-trained athletes are characterized by higher plasma S1P concentration compared to untrained individuals. This finding prompted us to examine the effect of endurance training on S1P metabolism in blood. Thirteen healthy, untrained, male subjects completed an 8-week training program on a rowing ergometer. Three days before the first, and 3 days after the last training session, blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein. We found that total plasma S1P concentration was increased after the training. Further analysis of different plasma fractions showed that the training selectively elevated HDL-bound S1P. This effect was associated with activation of sphingosine kinase in erythrocytes and platelets and enhanced S1P release from red blood cells. We postulate that increase in HDL-bound S1P level is one of the mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Książek
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - M Charmas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - A Klusiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - P Zabielski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - B Długołęcka
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - A Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - M Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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34
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The anti-inflammatory function of high-density lipoprotein in type II diabetes: A systematic review. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:712-724.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Chen Z, Sun H, Wang J, Ni L, Gu X, Ge S, Chen Q, Mu L, Cheng X. Role of Ketotifen on metabolic profiles, inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Endocr J 2017; 64:411-416. [PMID: 28321031 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to explore effects of Ketotifen on metabolic profiles, inflammation and oxidative stress. Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC) and experimental groups, and experimental group rats were fed with high-sugar and fat diet for 6 weeks. Then, experimental group rats were divided into diabetes group (DM) and ketotifen treatment group (KT). KT group was given ketotifen via Intragastric for 8 weeks with the dosage of 0.09 mg/kg/d. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured using glucose oxidase-phenol amino phenazone method. Fasting insulin (FINS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were quantified by spectrophotometer method. Before Ketotifen administration, compared with NC group, DM and KT groups showed significantly high levels of body weight, FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA, and lower levels of HDL and SOD (All p <0.05). After 4 weeks of Ketotifen administration, levels of body weight, FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL, IL-6, TNF-α in KT group decreased significantly, and levels of HDL and SOD elevated significantly (All p <0.05). After 8 weeks of Ketotifen administration, levels of body weight, FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA in KT group decreased more obviously, and levels of HDL and SOD elevated significantly further (All p <0.05). Ketotifen improved metabolic profiles, and ameliorated status of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimiao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liansong Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangshan Mu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
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36
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Ng ML, Wadham C, Sukocheva OA. The role of sphingolipid signalling in diabetes‑associated pathologies (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:243-252. [PMID: 28075451 PMCID: PMC5358714 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is an important signalling enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of sphingosine (Sph) to form sphingosine‑1‑phosphate (S1P). The multifunctional lipid, S1P binds to a family of five G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). As an intracellular second messenger, S1P activates key signalling cascades responsible for the maintenance of sphingolipid metabolism, and has been implicated in the progression of cancer, and the development of other inflammatory and metabolic diseases. SphK and S1P are critical molecules involved in the regulation of various cellular metabolic processes, such as cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, adhesion and migration. There is strong evidence supporting the critical roles of SphK and S1P in the progression of diabetes mellitus, including insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, pancreatic β‑cell apoptosis, and the development of diabetic inflammatory state. In this review, we summarise the current state of knowledge for SphK/S1P signalling effects, associated with the development of insulin resistance, pancreatic β‑cell death and the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li Ng
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Sydney, NSW 2050
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia
- Correspondence to: Dr Mei Li Ng, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, No. 1-8 (Lot 8), Persiaran Seksyen 4, 1, Bandar Putra Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia, E-mail:
| | - Carol Wadham
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2031
| | - Olga A. Sukocheva
- School of Social Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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Lee MH, Appleton KM, El-Shewy HM, Sorci-Thomas MG, Thomas MJ, Lopes-Virella MF, Luttrell LM, Hammad SM, Klein RL. S1P in HDL promotes interaction between SR-BI and S1PR1 and activates S1PR1-mediated biological functions: calcium flux and S1PR1 internalization. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:325-338. [PMID: 27881715 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m070706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL normally transports about 50-70% of plasma sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and the S1P in HDL reportedly mediates several HDL-associated biological effects and signaling pathways. The HDL receptor, SR-BI, as well as the cell surface receptors for S1P (S1PRs) may be involved partially and/or completely in these HDL-induced processes. Here we investigate the nature of the HDL-stimulated interaction between the HDL receptor, SR-BI, and S1PR1 using a protein-fragment complementation assay and confocal microscopy. In both primary rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and HEK293 cells, the S1P content in HDL particles increased intracellular calcium concentration, which was mediated by S1PR1. Mechanistic studies performed in HEK293 cells showed that incubation of cells with HDL led to an increase in the physical interaction between the SR-BI and S1PR1 receptors that mainly occurred on the plasma membrane. Model recombinant HDL (rHDL) particles formed in vitro with S1P incorporated into the particle initiated the internalization of S1PR1, whereas rHDL without supplemented S1P did not, suggesting that S1P transported in HDL can selectively activate S1PR1. In conclusion, these data suggest that S1P in HDL stimulates the transient interaction between SR-BI and S1PRs that can activate S1PRs and induce an elevation in intracellular calcium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hye Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kathryn M Appleton
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Hesham M El-Shewy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Michael J Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Samar M Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Richard L Klein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC .,Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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Karathanasis SK, Freeman LA, Gordon SM, Remaley AT. The Changing Face of HDL and the Best Way to Measure It. Clin Chem 2016; 63:196-210. [PMID: 27879324 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.257725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is a commonly used lipid biomarker for assessing cardiovascular health. While a central focus has been placed on the role of HDL in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process, our appreciation for the other cardioprotective properties of HDL continues to expand with further investigation into the structure and function of HDL and its specific subfractions. The development of novel assays is empowering the research community to assess different aspects of HDL function, which at some point may evolve into new diagnostic tests. CONTENT This review discusses our current understanding of the formation and maturation of HDL particles via RCT, as well as the newly recognized roles of HDL outside RCT. The antioxidative, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, antithrombotic, antiinfective, and vasoprotective effects of HDL are all discussed, as are the related methodologies for assessing these different aspects of HDL function. We elaborate on the importance of protein and lipid composition of HDL in health and disease and highlight potential new diagnostic assays based on these parameters. SUMMARY Although multiple epidemiologic studies have confirmed that HDL-C is a strong negative risk marker for cardiovascular disease, several clinical and experimental studies have yielded inconsistent results on the direct role of HDL-C as an antiatherogenic factor. As of yet, our increased understanding of HDL biology has not been translated into successful new therapies, but will undoubtedly depend on the development of alternative ways for measuring HDL besides its cholesterol content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lita A Freeman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Scott M Gordon
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
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Zhao D, Yang LY, Wang XH, Yuan SS, Yu CG, Wang ZW, Lang JN, Feng YM. Different relationship between ANGPTL3 and HDL components in female non-diabetic subjects and type-2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:132. [PMID: 27620179 PMCID: PMC5020513 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is a major lipoprotein regulator and shows positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) in population studies and ANGPTL3 mutated subjects. However, no study has looked its correlation with HDL components nor with HDL function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods We studied 298 non-diabetic subjects and 300 T2DM patients who were randomly recruited in the tertiary referral centre. Plasma levels of ANGPTL3 were quantified by ELISA. Plasma samples were fractionated to obtain HDLs. HDL components including apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), triglyceride, serum amyloid A (SAA), phospholipid and Sphingosine-1-phosphate were measured. HDLs were isolated from female controls and T2DM patients by ultracentrifugation to assess cholesterol efflux against HDLs. A Pearson unadjusted correlation analysis and a linear regression analysis adjusting for age, body mass index and lipid lowering drugs were performed in male or female non-diabetic participants or diabetic patients, respectively. Results We demonstrated that plasma level of ANGPTL3 was lower in female T2DM patients than female controls although no difference of ANGPTL3 levels was detected between male controls and T2DM patients. After adjusting for confounding factors, one SD increase of ANGPTL3 (164.6 ng/ml) associated with increase of 2.57 mg/dL cholesterol and 1.14 μg/mL apoA-I but decrease of 47.07 μg/L of SAA in HDL particles of non-diabetic females (p < 0.05 for cholesterol and SAA; p < 0.0001 for apoA-I). By contrast, 1-SD increase of ANGPTL3 (159.9 ng/ml) associated with increase of 1.69 mg/dl cholesterol and 1.25 μg/mL apoA-I but decrease of 11.70 μg/L of SAA in HDL particles of female diabetic patients (p < 0.05 for cholesterol; p < 0.0001 for apoA-I; p = 0.676 for SAA). Moreover, one SD increase of ANGPTL3 associated with increase of 2.11 % cholesterol efflux against HDLs in non-diabetic females (p = 0.071) but decrease of 1.46 % in female T2DM patients (p = 0.13) after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions ANGPTL3 is specifically correlated with HDL-c, apoA-I, SAA and HDL function in female non-diabetic participants. The decrease of ANGPTL3 level in female T2DM patients might contribute to its weak association to HDL components and function. ANGPTL3 could be considered as a novel therapeutic target for HDL metabolism for treating diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0450-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Long-Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Xu-Hong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Sha-Sha Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Cai-Guo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Zong-Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Jia-Nan Lang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Ying-Mei Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China. .,Stem Cell Institute, University of Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
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40
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Chen W, Lu H, Yang J, Xiang H, Peng H. Sphingosine 1-phosphate in metabolic syndrome (Review). Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1030-8. [PMID: 27600830 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of components, is closely associated with the development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lysophospholipid with paracrine and autocrine effects, which is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension through extracellular and intracellular signals to achieve a variety of biological functions. However, there is controversy regarding the role of S1P in MetS; the specific role played by S1P remains unclear. It ameliorates abnormal energy metabolism and deviant adipogenesis and mediates inflammation in obesity. Despite the fact that sphingosine kinase (SphK)2/S1P increases the glucose‑stimulated insulin secretion of β-cells, more evidence showed that activation of the SphK1/S1P/S1P2R pathway inhibited the feedback loop of insulin secretion and sensitivity. The majority of S1P1R activation improves diabetes whereas S1P2R activation worsens the condition. In hyperlipidemia, S1P binds to high-density lipoprotein, low‑density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein exerting different effects. Moreover, low concentrations of S1P lead to vasodilation whereas high concentrations of S1P result in vasocontraction of isolated arterioles. This review discusses the means by which different SphKs, S1P concentrations or S1P receptor subtypes results to diverse result in MetS, and then examines the role of S1P in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Peng
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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41
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Lim NSJ, Sham A, Chee SML, Chan C, Raghunath M. Combination of ciclopirox olamine and sphingosine-1-phosphate as granulation enhancer in diabetic wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:795-809. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sheng Jie Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National University of Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Programme; Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore
| | - Adeline Sham
- Institute of Medical Biology, Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National University of Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Programme; Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore
| | - Stella Min Ling Chee
- Institute of Medical Biology, Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National University of Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Programme; Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore
| | - Casey Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National University of Singapore
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Institute of Medical Biology, Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National University of Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Programme; Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
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42
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Machida T, Matamura R, Iizuka K, Hirafuji M. Cellular function and signaling pathways of vascular smooth muscle cells modulated by sphingosine 1-phosphate. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 132:211-217. [PMID: 27581589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays important roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology. S1P1 and/or S1P3, rather than S1P2 receptors, seem to be predominantly expressed in vascular endothelial cells, while S1P2 and/or S1P3, rather than S1P1 receptors, seem to be predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). S1P has multiple actions, such as proliferation, inhibition or stimulation of migration, and vasoconstriction or release of vasoactive mediators. S1P induces an increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in many cell types, including VSMCs. Activation of S1P3 seems to play an important role in Ca2+ mobilization. S1P induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in VSMCs via both S1P2 and S1P3 receptors. S1P2 receptor activation in VSMCs inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. At the local site of vascular injury, vasoactive mediators such as prostaglandins and NO produced by VSMCs are considered primarily as a defensive and compensatory mechanism for the lack of endothelial function to prevent further pathology. Therefore, selective S1P2 receptor antagonists may have the potential to be therapeutic agents, in view of their antagonism of iNOS inhibition by S1P. Further progress in studies of the precise mechanisms of S1P may provide useful knowledge for the development of new S1P-related drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Machida
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Matamura
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kenji Iizuka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hirafuji
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
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43
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Nagahashi M, Tsuchida J, Moro K, Hasegawa M, Tatsuda K, Woelfel IA, Takabe K, Wakai T. High levels of sphingolipids in human breast cancer. J Surg Res 2016; 204:435-444. [PMID: 27565080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingolipids, including sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide, have emerged as key regulatory molecules that control various aspects of cell growth and proliferation in cancer. Although important roles of sphingolipids in breast cancer progression have been reported in experimental models, their roles in human patients have yet to be determined. The aims of this study were to determine the levels of sphingolipids including S1P, ceramides, and other sphingolipids, in breast cancer and normal breast tissue and to compare the difference in levels of each sphingolipid between the two tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor and noncancerous breast tissue were obtained from 12 patients with breast cancer. Sphingolipids including S1P, ceramides, and their metabolites of sphingosine, sphingomyelin, and monohexosylceramide were measured by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The levels of S1P, ceramides, and other sphingolipids in the tumor were significantly higher than those in normal breast tissue. There was a relatively strong correlation in the levels of S1P between the tumor and those of normal breast tissue from the same person. On the other hand, there was no correlation in the levels of most of the ceramide species between the tumor and those of normal breast tissue from the same person. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal that levels of sphingolipids in cancer tissue are generally higher than those of normal breast tissue in patients with breast cancer. The correlation of S1P levels in these tissues implicates the role of S1P in interaction between cancer and the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan.
| | - Junko Tsuchida
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Kazuki Moro
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Miki Hasegawa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Kumiko Tatsuda
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Ingrid A Woelfel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 mediates endothelial cells dysfunction by PI3K-Akt pathway under high glucose condition. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 776:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Levkau B. HDL-S1P: cardiovascular functions, disease-associated alterations, and therapeutic applications. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:243. [PMID: 26539121 PMCID: PMC4611146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid contained in High-density lipoproteins (HDL) and has drawn considerable attention in the lipoprotein field as numerous studies have demonstrated its contribution to several functions inherent to HDL. Some of them are partly and some entirely due to the S1P contained in HDL (HDL-S1P). Despite the presence of over 1000 different lipids in HDL, S1P stands out as it possesses its own cell surface receptors through which it exercises key physiological functions. Most of the S1P in human plasma is associated with HDL, and the amount of HDL-S1P influences the quality and quantity of HDL-dependent functions. The main binding partner of S1P in HDL is apolipoprotein M but others may also exist particularly under conditions of acute S1P elevations. HDL not only exercise functions through their S1P content but have also an impact on genuine S1P signaling by influencing S1P bioactivity and receptor presentation. HDL-S1P content is altered in human diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus. Low HDL-S1P has also been linked to impaired HDL functions associated with these disorders. Although the pathophysiological and molecular reasons for such disease-associated shifts in HDL-S1P are little understood, there have been successful approaches to circumvent their adverse implications by pharmacologically increasing HDL-S1P as means to improve HDL function. This mini-review will cover the current understanding of the contribution of HDL-S1P to physiological HDL function, its alteration in disease and ways for its restoration to correct HDL dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen , Essen, Germany
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46
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Zhang C, Gao F, Luo H, Zhang CT, Zhang R. Differential response in levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to one-year metformin treatment in prediabetic patients by race/ethnicity. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:79. [PMID: 26068179 PMCID: PMC4465464 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a first-line diabetes drug that is widely prescribed around the world, metformin has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing microvascular risk, in addition to lowering glucose levels. Specifically, metformin use has been shown to be associated with improved lipid profiles, such as increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, no study has been performed to examine the differential response in HDL-C levels to metformin treatment by race/ethnicity. Methods Here, based on a re-analysis of the data from the Diabetes Prevention Program, which involved pre-diabetic participants receiving 850 mg of metformin twice daily, we compared the lipid profile changes following the metformin use. The participants were composed of 602 Whites, 221 African Americans (AAs) and 162 Hispanics. Results We found that the one-year metformin treatment resulted in a significant increase in HDL-C levels in Whites (p = 0.002) and AAs (p = 0.016), but not in Hispanics. Consistently, both Whites (p = 0.018) and AAs (p = 0.020) had more pronounced changes in HDL-C levels than Hispanics following metformin treatment. Conclusion This result suggests a notion that Whites and AAs are more responsive than Hispanics to one-year metformin use in HDL-C level changes, and that racial and ethnic identity is a factor to consider when interpreting the effects of metformin treatment on lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Physics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ren Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Eren E, Yılmaz N, Aydin O, Ellidağ HY. Anticipatory role of high density lipoprotein and endothelial dysfunction: an overview. Open Biochem J 2014; 8:100-6. [PMID: 25598849 PMCID: PMC4293742 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01408010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) has been witnessed to possess a range of different functions that contribute to its atheroprotective effects. These functions are: the promotion of macrophage cholesterol efflux, reverse cholesterol transport, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-apoptotic, pro-fibrinolytic and anti-oxidative functions. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an HDL associated enzyme esterase/homocysteinethiolactonase that contributes to the anti-oxidant and anti-atherosclerotic capabilities of HDL. PON1 is directly involved in the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis through the modulation of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of HDL on endothelial homeostasis, and also to describe the recently characterized molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Eren
- Laboratory of Atatürk Hospital, Antalya/Turkey
| | - Necat Yılmaz
- Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya/Turkey
| | - Ozgur Aydin
- Laboratory of Batman Maternity and Children's Hospital, Batman/Turkey
| | - Hamit Y Ellidağ
- Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya/Turkey
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Roles of lipid-modulating enzymes diacylglycerol kinase and cyclooxygenase under pathophysiological conditions. Anat Sci Int 2014; 90:22-32. [PMID: 25471593 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-014-0265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipid not only represents a constituent of the plasma membrane, but also plays a pivotal role in intracellular signaling. Lipid-mediated signaling system is strictly regulated by several enzymes, which act at various steps of the lipid metabolism. Under pathological conditions, prolonged or insufficient activation of this system results in dysregulated signaling, leading to diseases such as cancer or metabolic syndrome. Of the lipid-modulating enzymes, diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) and cyclooxygenase (COX) are intimately involved in the signaling system. DGK consists of a family of enzymes that phosphorylate a second messenger diacylglycerol (DG) to produce phosphatidic acid (PA). Both DG and PA are known to activate signaling molecules such as protein kinase C. COX catalyzes the committed step in prostanoid biosynthesis, which involves the metabolism of arachidonic acid to produce prostaglandins. Previous studies have shown that the DGK and COX are engaged in a number of pathological conditions. This review summarizes the functional implications of these two enzymes in ischemia, liver regeneration, vascular events, diabetes, cancer and inflammation.
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Tenenbaum A, Klempfner R, Fisman EZ. Hypertriglyceridemia: a too long unfairly neglected major cardiovascular risk factor. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:159. [PMID: 25471221 PMCID: PMC4264548 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of an independent association between elevated triglyceride (TG) levels, cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality has been largely controversial. The main difficulty in isolating the effect of hypertriglyceridemia on CV risk is the fact that elevated triglyceride levels are commonly associated with concomitant changes in high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and other lipoproteins. As a result of this problem and in disregard of the real biological role of TG, its significance as a plausible therapeutic target was unfoundedly underestimated for many years. However, taking epidemiological data together, both moderate and severe hypertriglyceridaemia are associated with a substantially increased long term total mortality and CV risk. Plasma TG levels partially reflect the concentration of the triglyceride-carrying lipoproteins (TRL): very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), chylomicrons and their remnants. Furthermore, hypertriglyceridemia commonly leads to reduction in HDL and increase in atherogenic small dense LDL levels. TG may also stimulate atherogenesis by mechanisms, such excessive free fatty acids (FFA) release, production of proinflammatory cytokines, fibrinogen, coagulation factors and impairment of fibrinolysis. Genetic studies strongly support hypertriglyceridemia and high concentrations of TRL as causal risk factors for CV disease. The most common forms of hypertriglyceridemia are related to overweight and sedentary life style, which in turn lead to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Intensive lifestyle therapy is the main initial treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. Statins are a cornerstone of the modern lipids-modifying therapy. If the primary goal is to lower TG levels, fibrates (bezafibrate and fenofibrate for monotherapy, and in combination with statin; gemfibrozil only for monotherapy) could be the preferable drugs. Also ezetimibe has mild positive effects in lowering TG. Initial experience with en ezetimibe/fibrates combination seems promising. The recently released IMPROVE-IT Trial is the first to prove that adding a non-statin drug (ezetimibe) to a statin lowers the risk of future CV events. In conclusion, the classical clinical paradigm of lipids-modifying treatment should be changed and high TG should be recognized as an important target for therapy in their own right. Hypertriglyceridemia should be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tenenbaum
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel. .,Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Foundation, 58484, Holon, Israel.
| | - Robert Klempfner
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Enrique Z Fisman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel. .,Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Foundation, 58484, Holon, Israel.
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Liang Y, Huang B, Song E, Bai B, Wang Y. Constitutive activation of AMPK α1 in vascular endothelium promotes high-fat diet-induced fatty liver injury: role of COX-2 induction. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:498-508. [PMID: 24372551 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important regulator of energy metabolism, comprises three (α, β and γ) subunits, each with a unique tissue distribution. As AMPK has a wide range of protein and gene targets, defining its role has been difficult. Here, we have studied a transgenic mouse model overexpressing the constitutively active α1 subunit of AMPK in endothelial cells (EC-AMPK) to elucidate its role in energy homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wild-type and EC-AMPK mice were fed with a high fat diet for 16 weeks. Drugs (or vehicles) were given daily by oral gavage. Body weight, fat mass composition, glucose and lipid levels were monitored regularly. Tissues including aortae and liver were collected for quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, elisa, histological and biochemical evaluations. KEY RESULTS Compared with wild-type animals, high fat diet caused more severe metabolic defects in EC-AMPK mice, which exhibited increased body weight and fat mass, elevated blood pressure, augmented glucose and lipid levels, impaired glucose tolerance, hepatomegaly and steatohepatitis. Constitutive activation of AMPK α1 in endothelial cells induced COX-2 expression and arterial inflammation. Genes involved in lipid metabolism were down-regulated in aortae and livers of EC-AMPK mice. Chronic treatment with selective COX-2 inhibitors, celecoxib or nimesulide, significantly ameliorated arterial inflammation, steatohepatitis and hyperlipidaemia in EC-AMPK mice, without altering their blood pressure or clotting. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Constitutive activation of endothelial AMPK α1 promotes vascular inflammation and the development of obesity-induced fatty livers largely via induction of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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