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Xie Z, Liu J, Xie T, Liu P, Hui X, Zhang Q, Xiao X. Integration of proteomics and metabolomics reveals energy and metabolic alterations induced by glucokinase (GCK) partial inactivation in hepatocytes. Cell Signal 2024; 114:111009. [PMID: 38092300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Glucokinase (GCK) acts as the glucose sensor in maintaining glucose homeostasis. The inactivating mutation of the GCK gene leads to glucokinase-maturity onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY). This study aims to gain further insights into the molecular alterations triggered by GCK partial inactivation in hepatocytes, potentially underlying the favorable prognosis of GCK-MODY. MAIN METHODS A GCK knockdown HepG2 cell model was established, and the integration of proteomics and metabolomics was used to gain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathway changes caused by GCK inactivation in the liver. KEY FINDINGS Proteomic analysis identified 257 differential proteins. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that protein expression changes in the GCK knockdown group were significantly enriched in central carbon metabolism, the TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Among them, enzymes in the TCA cycle (PC, IDH2, SDH) were significantly downregulated in GCK-knockdown group. Targeted metabolomics revealed that in the GCK knockdown hepatocytes, TCA cycle intermediates were significantly decreased, including pyruvate, oxaloacetate, citrate and succinic acid, and three metabolites increased including glycine, betaine and homocysteine. These metabolic alterations in turn reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in GCK knockdown hepatocytes. Correlation analysis indicated that TCA cycle metabolites were positively correlated with proteins involved in the TCA cycle, carbon metabolism, glycolysis, Ras signaling, fibrosis and inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, GCK knockdown reduced TCA cycle flux and oxidative stress in hepatocytes by influencing the levels of key transcription factors and enzymes, providing a comprehensive understanding of the effects of GCK partial inactivation on liver metabolism and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Xie
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ting Xie
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiangyi Hui
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- China Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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Effects of starch-rich or fat-rich diets on metabolism, adiposity, and glycemia in immune-biased, C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109086. [PMID: 35691592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diet is an essential factor to maintain health by regulating host metabolism and immunity. Host immunity acts as a critical regulator of metabolic changes. By using differentially immune-biased mice C57BL/6 and BALB/c, we demonstrated the metabolic consequence of consuming diets rich in non-resistant starch (starch-rich), unsaturated fat (sunflower oil-rich), and saturated fat (coconut oil-rich) for shorter (four weeks) or longer (eight weeks) duration. Time kinetics of various diets on two differentially immune-biased mice revealed that starch-rich and unsaturated fat-rich diets reduced insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adiposity in BALB/c mice. In contrast, a saturated fat-rich diet enhanced both parameters. In C57BL/6 mice, a fat-rich diet enhanced IR with time while visceral adiposity remained unchanged. Eight weeks' consumption of a saturated fat-rich diet led to the highest visceral adiposity in C57BL/6 mice, while the same diet resulted in the maximum IR in BALB/c mice. The current report presented a detailed metabolomic analysis of treatments with various diets using a) uni- and b) multi-variate analyses. We also calculated the differential index for each treatment for each mouse strain using a vector analysis of the multivariate linear discriminant data. The outcome of the vector analysis of metabolite profiles identified metabolites that affected lipid and glucose metabolism to establish the inter-strain physiological differences.
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Mukherjee R, Aich P. The starch-rich diet causes lipidemia while the fat-rich diet induces visceral adiposity, meta-inflammation, and insulin resistance differentially in immune biased mouse strains. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Baker PR, Friedman JE. Mitochondrial role in the neonatal predisposition to developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3692-3703. [PMID: 30168806 DOI: 10.1172/jci120846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global epidemic in obese children and adults, and the onset might have fetal origins. A growing body of evidence supports the role of developmental programming, whereby the maternal environment affects fetal and infant development, altering the risk profile for disease later in life. Human and nonhuman primate studies of maternal obesity demonstrate that risk factors for pediatric obesity and NAFLD begin in utero. The pathologic mechanisms for NAFLD are multifactorial but have centered on altered mitochondrial function/dysfunction that might precede insulin resistance. Compared with the adult liver, the fetal liver has fewer mitochondria, low activity of the fatty acid metabolic enzyme carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase-1, and little or no gluconeogenesis. Exposure to excess maternal fuels during fetal life uniquely alters hepatic fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, de novo lipogenesis, and mitochondrial health. These events promote increased oxidative stress and excess triglyceride storage, and, together with altered immune function and epigenetic changes, they prime the fetal liver for NAFLD and might drive the risk for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Baker
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Choi JW, Moon S, Jang EJ, Lee CH, Park JS. Association of prediabetes-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms with microalbuminuria. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171367. [PMID: 28158221 PMCID: PMC5291388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased glycemic exposure, even below the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus, is crucial in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications represented by microalbuminuria. Nonetheless, there is limited evidence regarding which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with prediabetes and whether genetic predisposition to prediabetes is related to microalbuminuria, especially in the general population. Our objective was to answer these questions. We conducted a genomewide association study (GWAS) separately on two population-based cohorts, Ansung and Ansan, in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The initial GWAS was carried out on the Ansung cohort, followed by a replication study on the Ansan cohort. A total of 5682 native Korean participants without a significant medical illness were classified into either control group (n = 3153) or prediabetic group (n = 2529). In the GWAS, we identified two susceptibility loci associated with prediabetes, one at 17p15.3-p15.1 in the GCK gene and another at 7p15.1 in YKT6. When variations in GCK and YKT6 were used as a model of prediabetes, this genetically determined prediabetes increased microalbuminuria. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that fasting glucose concentration in plasma and SNP rs2908289 in GCK were associated with microalbuminuria, and adjustment for age, gender, smoking history, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and serum triglyceride levels did not attenuate this association. Our results suggest that prediabetes and the associated SNPs may predispose to microalbuminuria before the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Further studies are needed to explore the details of the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying this genetic association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wook Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinje Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jang
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Sung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Liang Y, Yuan W, Zhu W, Zhu J, Lin Q, Zou X, Deng C, Fu Y, Zheng X, Yang M, Wu S, Yu X, Shan Z. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes expression of GLUT4 glucose transporter through MEF2 and Zac1 in cardiomyocytes. Metabolism 2015; 64:1682-93. [PMID: 26455966 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence shows that both macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and GLUT4 glucose transporter are involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but it remains largely unknown whether and how MIF regulates GLUT4 expression in cardiomyocytes. The present study aims to investigate the mechanism underlying the modulation of GLUT4 by MIF in cardiomyocytes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Activations of AKT and AMPK signaling, and expressions of MIF, GLUT4 and the candidate GLUT4 regulation associated transcription factors in the diabetic mouse myocardium were determined. The screened transcription factors mediating MIF-promoted GLUT4 expression were verified by RNA interference (RNAi) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), respectively. RESULTS MIF was increased, but GLUT4 was decreased in the diabetic mouse myocardium. MIF could enhance glucose uptake and up-regulate GLUT4 expression in NMVCs. Expressions of transcription factor MEF2A, -2C, -2D and Zac1 were significantly up-regulated in MIF-treated neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVCs), and markedly reduced in the diabetic myocardium. Knockdown of MEF2A, -2C, -2D and Zac1 could significantly inhibit glucose uptake and GLUT4 expression in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, EMSA results revealed that transcriptional activities of MEF2 and Zac1 were significantly increased in MIF-treated NMVCs. AMPK signaling was activated in MIF-stimulated NMVCs, and AMPK activator AICAR could enhance MEF2A, -2C, -2D, Zac1 and GLUT4 expression. Additionally, MIF effects were inhibited by an AMPK inhibitor compound C and siRNA targeting MIF receptor CD74, suggesting the involvement of CD74-dependent AMPK activation. CONCLUSIONS Transcription factor MEF2 and Zac1 mediate MIF-induced GLUT4 expression through CD74-dependent AMPK activation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyou Liang
- Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiwei Yuan
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wensi Zhu
- Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiening Zhu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiuxiong Lin
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao Zou
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chunyu Deng
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yongheng Fu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xilong Zheng
- The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of AB, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Min Yang
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shulin Wu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhixin Shan
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Yan HM, Xia MF, Wang Y, Chang XX, Yao XZ, Rao SX, Zeng MS, Tu YF, Feng R, Jia WP, Liu J, Deng W, Jiang JD, Gao X. Efficacy of Berberine in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134172. [PMID: 26252777 PMCID: PMC4529214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A randomized, parallel controlled, open-label clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of a botanic compound berberine (BBR) on NAFLD. METHODS A randomized, parallel controlled, open-label clinical trial was conducted in three medical centers (NIH Registration number: NCT00633282). A total of 184 eligible patients with NAFLD were enrolled and randomly received (i) lifestyle intervention (LSI), (ii) LSI plus pioglitazone (PGZ) 15mg qd, and (iii) LSI plus BBR 0.5g tid, respectively, for 16 weeks. Hepatic fat content (HFC), serum glucose and lipid profiles, liver enzymes and serum and urine BBR concentrations were assessed before and after treatment. We also analyzed hepatic BBR content and expression of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism in an animal model of NAFLD treated with BBR. RESULTS As compared with LSI, BBR treatment plus LSI resulted in a significant reduction of HFC (52.7% vs 36.4%, p = 0.008), paralleled with better improvement in body weight, HOMA-IR, and serum lipid profiles (all p<0.05). BBR was more effective than PGZ 15mg qd in reducing body weight and improving lipid profile. BBR-related adverse events were mild and mainly occurred in digestive system. Serum and urine BBR concentrations were 6.99ng/ml and 79.2ng/ml, respectively, in the BBR-treated subjects. Animal experiments showed that BBR located favorably in the liver and altered hepatic metabolism-related gene expression. CONCLUSION BBR ameliorates NAFLD and related metabolic disorders. The therapeutic effect of BBR on NAFLD may involve a direct regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00633282.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ming-Feng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin-Xia Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Zhong Yao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Rao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meng-Su Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yin-Fang Tu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ru Feng
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei-Ping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of public health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (JJ)
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (JJ)
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Picatoste B, Gómez-Hernández A, Egido J, Tuñón J, Lorenzo Ó. Updating experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:656795. [PMID: 25973429 PMCID: PMC4417999 DOI: 10.1155/2015/656795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy entails a serious cardiac dysfunction induced by alterations in structure and contractility of the myocardium. This pathology is initiated by changes in energy substrates and occurs in the absence of atherothrombosis, hypertension, or other cardiomyopathies. Inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, steatosis, and apoptosis in the myocardium have been studied in numerous diabetic experimental models in animals, mostly rodents. Type I and type II diabetes were induced by genetic manipulation, pancreatic toxins, and fat and sweet diets, and animals recapitulate the main features of human diabetes and related cardiomyopathy. In this review we update and discuss the main experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, analysing the associated metabolic, structural, and functional abnormalities, and including current tools for detection of these responses. Also, novel experimental models based on genetic modifications of specific related genes have been discussed. The study of specific pathways or factors responsible for cardiac failures may be useful to design new pharmacological strategies for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fuentes-Antrás
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Picatoste
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gómez-Hernández
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Egido
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Tuñón
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó. Lorenzo
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *Ó. Lorenzo:
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