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Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU. Type 1 diabetes mellitus: Roles of neutrophils in the pathogenesis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36245. [PMID: 38115297 PMCID: PMC10727583 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating neutrophil counts are reduced both in healthy autoantibody-positive individuals and in patients with type 1 diabetes, which may be related on cell-specific autoimmunity. This paper was written to give an update on roles of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Different research search engines like PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science, Researchgate, Google Scholar etc were utilised for writing this paper. A drop in blood neutrophil counts in type 1 diabetes may be caused by decreased neutrophil generation and maturation, tissue maintenance, consumption, or peripheral damage. Neutrophil count variations between studies may be explained by results from various stages of diabetes or by ethnic groups. Neutrophils can induce type 1 diabetes by colonizing pancreatic islets and interacting with other immune cells, according to exciting findings that shed new light on their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Knowing more about the function of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes will help in early diagnosis, treatment, and even prevention of the disease.
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2
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Cartland SP, Stanley CP, Bursill C, Passam F, Figtree GA, Patel S, Loa J, Golledge J, Robinson DA, Aitken SJ, Kavurma MM. Sex, Endothelial Cell Functions, and Peripheral Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17439. [PMID: 38139267 PMCID: PMC10744086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by blocked arteries due to atherosclerosis and/or thrombosis which reduce blood flow to the lower limbs. It results in major morbidity, including ischemic limb, claudication, and amputation, with patients also suffering a heightened risk of heart attack, stroke, and death. Recent studies suggest women have a higher prevalence of PAD than men, and with worse outcomes after intervention. In addition to a potential unconscious bias faced by women with PAD in the health system, with underdiagnosis, and lower rates of guideline-based therapy, fundamental biological differences between men and women may be important. In this review, we highlight sexual dimorphisms in endothelial cell functions and how they may impact PAD pathophysiology in women. Understanding sex-specific mechanisms in PAD is essential for the development of new therapies and personalized care for patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân P. Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (S.P.C.); (C.P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Christopher P. Stanley
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (S.P.C.); (C.P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Christina Bursill
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Freda Passam
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (F.P.); (G.A.F.); (S.J.A.)
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (F.P.); (G.A.F.); (S.J.A.)
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2064, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (S.P.C.); (C.P.S.); (S.P.)
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia (D.A.R.)
| | - Jacky Loa
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia (D.A.R.)
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia
| | | | - Sarah J. Aitken
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (F.P.); (G.A.F.); (S.J.A.)
- Concord Institute of Academic Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Mary M. Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (S.P.C.); (C.P.S.); (S.P.)
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3
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Pruc M, Peacock FW, Rafique Z, Swieczkowski D, Kurek K, Tomaszewska M, Katipoglu B, Koselak M, Cander B, Szarpak L. The Prognostic Role of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6903. [PMID: 37959368 PMCID: PMC10650024 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential prognostic role of the platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratio in patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS). A systematic search of PubMed Central, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from conception through 20 August 2023 was conducted. We used odds ratios (OR) as the effect measure with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous data and mean differences (MD) with a 95% CI for continuous data. If I2 was less than 50% or the p value of the Q tests was less than 0.05, a random synthesis analysis was conducted. Otherwise, a fixed pooled meta-analysis was performed. Nineteen studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. PLR was higher in MACE-positive (164.0 ± 68.6) than MACE-negative patients (115.3 ± 36.9; MD = 40.14; 95% CI: 22.76 to 57.52; p < 0.001). Pooled analysis showed that PLR was higher in AMI patients who died (183.3 ± 30.3), compared to survivors (126.2 ± 16.8; MD = 39.07; 95% CI: 13.30 to 64.84; p = 0.003). It was also higher in the ACS vs. control group (168.2 ± 81.1 vs. 131.9 ± 37.7; MD = 39.01; 95% CI: 2.81 to 75.21; p = 0.03), STEMI vs. NSTEMI cohort (165.5 ± 92.7 vs. 159.5 ± 87.8; MD = 5.98; 95% CI: -15.09 to 27.04; p = 0.58), and MI vs. UAP populations (162.4 ± 90.0 vs. 128.2 ± 64.9; MD = 18.28; 95% CI: -8.16 to 44.71; p = 0.18). Overall, our findings confirmed the potential prognostic role of the plate-let-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratio in patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Its use as a risk stratification tool should be examined prospectively to define its capability for evaluation in cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pruc
- Department of Public Health, International European University, 03187 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Frank William Peacock
- Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zubaid Rafique
- Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Damian Swieczkowski
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurek
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, LUXMED Group, 02-676 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Tomaszewska
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, LUXMED Group, 02-676 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Burak Katipoglu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ufuk University Medical Faculty, 06510 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maciej Koselak
- Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 00-136 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Basar Cander
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lukasz Szarpak
- Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, LUXMED Group, 02-676 Warsaw, Poland
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Sabetta A, Lombardi L, Stefanini L. Sex differences at the platelet-vascular interface. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:1267-1276. [PMID: 35576047 PMCID: PMC9352612 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-02994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are multifunctional cells that ensure the integrity of the vascular wall and modulate the immune response at the blood/vascular interface. Their pathological activation results in both thrombosis and inflammation and implicates them in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Vascular diseases are sexually dimorphic in terms of incidence, clinical presentation, outcome, and efficacy of anti-platelet therapy. We here provide an overview of what is known about the role of platelets in the initiation and progression of vascular diseases and summarize what is known about the sex differences in platelet reactivity and in the thromboinflammatory mechanisms that drive these diseases, with a particular focus on atherosclerosis, obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease, and ischemic stroke. Understanding the sex differences at the platelet-vascular interface is clinically relevant as it will enable: (1) to design new therapeutic strategies that prevent the detrimental effects of the immune-modulatory function of platelets taking sex into account, and (2) to evaluate if sex-specific anti-platelet drug regimens should be used to reduce the risk not only of thrombosis but also of vascular disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Sabetta
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 37, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Lombardi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 37, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Stefanini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 37, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Platelet-Neutrophil Interactions and Thrombo-inflammatory Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-022-00229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kanai T, Takeshita S, Kawamura Y, Kinoshita K, Nakatani K, Iwashima S, Takizawa Y, Hirono K, Mori K, Yoshida Y, Nonoyama S. The combination of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios as a novel predictor of intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in patients with Kawasaki disease: a multicenter study. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:1463-1472. [PMID: 32449049 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been reported to be a predictor for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) recently. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the predictive validity of this new marker in a multicenter study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 520 consecutive KD patients (development data set) and 332 subsequent patients (validation data set) at 7 hospitals in Japan. RESULTS Both NLR and PLR were significantly higher in the IVIG-resistant group than in the IVIG-responsive group. When we set the cut-off point as NLR ≥ 4.11 and PLR ≥ 119, multiple logistic regression analyses showed that a high NLR and PLR before initial IVIG were independent predictors of IVIG resistance, and their combination was a stronger predictor than either alone. The sensitivity and specificity of the combination of NLR ≥ 4.11 and PLR ≥ 119 were 0.58 and 0.73 in the development data set. Validated using an independent data set, they were 0.54 and 0.72 in the validation data set. On comparing the AUC of this predictor with those of the Gunma and Kurume scores, the AUC was highest for this predictor, followed by the Gunma score and Kurume score (0.70, 0.68, and 0.64, respectively). DISCUSSION The predictive validity of the combination of a high NLR and PLR, which is a simple and convenient indicator, was equal to or better than that of the existing scoring systems. The new predictive marker may be a suitable indicator for predicting IVIG resistance in KD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Seiichiro Takeshita
- Division of Nursing, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Keiji Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatrics, Koshigaya Municipal Hospital, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Keigo Nakatani
- Department of Pediatrics, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Satoru Iwashima
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Chutoen General Medical Center, Kakegawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Takizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Nishisaitama-Chuo National Hospital, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuetsu Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nonoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Abstract
Programming of inflammation resolution is governed by a class of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that act in concert to modulate epithelial, endothelial, and immune cell function for restoration of homeostasis. The resolution circuits are altered in obesity and associated morbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), through reduced production and/or action of SPMs, which can be rescued by therapeutic SPM delivery or up-regulation of SPM receptors. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), an eicosapentaenoic acid derivative, has potent pro-resolving and insulin-sensitizing actions mediated by BLT1 and ERV1 receptors in the vasculature and metabolic organs. Nonetheless, the RvE1-mediated increase in protective adipokines such as adiponectin in white adipose tissues, the enhancement of monocyte patrolling function in the vasculature, as well as the macrophage-clearing functions improve metabolic control in obese-prone conditions. RvE1-enhanced resolving function in obesity prevents dysbiosis of the gut microflora and increased gut permeability. These functions suggest that RE1 has therapeutic potential for immunometabolic alterations associated with T2D in patients with reduced inflammation resolving capacity. SPM profiling in individuals at risk for T2D and associated complications will help to advance personalized disease management and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Sima
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce Paster
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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8
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Van Dyke TE. Pro-resolving mediators in the regulation of periodontal disease. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:21-36. [PMID: 28483532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the dentition that is initiated by bacteria that form a biofilm on the surface of the teeth. The pathogenesis of the disease is a result of complex interactions between the biofilm and the host response that results in dysbiosis of the microbiome and dysregulation of the inflammatory response. Current data suggest that the excess inflammation associated with periodontitis is due to a failure of resolution of inflammation pathways. In this review, the relationship between inflammation and microbial dysbiosis is examined in the context of pro-inflammation and pro-resolution mediators and their ability to modify the course of disease. The impact of local oral inflammation on systemic inflammation and the relationship of periodontitis to other inflammatory diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease is reviewed. Active resolvers of inflammation, including the lipoxins and resolvins, show great promise as therapeutics for the treatment of periodontitis and other inflammatory diseases.
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9
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Ritter LS, Stempel KM, Coull BM, McDonagh PF. Leukocyte-Platelet Aggregates in Rat Peripheral Blood After Ischemic Stroke and Reperfusion. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 6:281-8. [PMID: 15788737 DOI: 10.1177/1099800405274579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke and reperfusion (ISR) is associated with an inflammatory response characterized, in part, by the formation of leukocyte-platelet aggregates (LPA). Aggregate formation may amplify the immunologic and hemostatic functions of both cell types and thus exacerbate reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke. LPA formation in peripheral blood may also serve as a biomarker of the severity of injury. However, it is not fully known whether ISR causes LPA formation that can be detected in the peripheral blood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure LPA in the peripheral blood after ISR using a rat model. The filament method was used to perform ISR. Blood was collected from the jugular vein before ischemia, after 4 hours of ischemia, and after 1 hour of reperfusion. Flow cytometry was used to quantify LPA in peripheral blood. Separate ISR groups were treated with tirofiban, a platelet GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor, and fucoidan, a selectin adhesion molecule inhibitor, and analyzed for LPA. Leukocyte CD11b expression and reactive oxygen species production were also analyzed to note the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic (PMN) activation on LPA formation. After ISR, LPA levels in peripheral blood were twice as large as preischemic levels. Both GPIIb/IIIa and selectin adhesion molecule inhibition (p < .05) decreased LPA to preischemic values. PMN CD11b expression was increased above baseline but did not differ between groups. Reactive oxygen species production did not differ between groups during reperfusion. These data suggest that ischemic stroke and reperfusion results in an increase in LPA that can be consistently measured in peripheral blood. LPA formation may be a useful biomarker and potential therapeutic target after ischemic stroke and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S Ritter
- University of Arizona, College of Nursing, Department of Neurology, Sarver Heart Center, PO Box 245023, Tucson, AZ 85724-5023, USA.
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10
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Huang J, Xiao Y, Xu A, Zhou Z. Neutrophils in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 7:652-63. [PMID: 27181374 PMCID: PMC5009125 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that afflicts millions of people worldwide. It occurs as the consequence of destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells triggered by genetic and environmental factors. The initiation and progression of the disease involves a complicated interaction between β-cells and immune cells of both innate and adaptive systems. Immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, have been well documented to play crucial roles in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. However, the particular actions of neutrophils, which are the most plentiful immune cell type and the first immune cells responding to inflammation, in the etiology of this disease might indeed be unfairly ignored. Progress over the past decades shows that neutrophils might have essential effects on the onset and perpetuation of type 1 diabetes. Neutrophil-derived cytotoxic substances, including degranulation products, cytokines, reactive oxygen species and extracellular traps that are released during the process of neutrophil maturation or activation, could cause destruction to islet cells. In addition, these cells can initiate diabetogenic T cell response and promote type 1 diabetes development through cell-cell interactions with other immune and non-immune cells. Furthermore, relevant antineutrophil therapies have been shown to delay and dampen the progression of insulitis and autoimmune diabetes. Here, we discuss the relationship between neutrophils and autoimmune type 1 diabetes from the aforementioned aspects to better understand the roles of these cells in the initiation and development of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Abstract
Diabetic complications involve inflammation-mediated microvascular and macrovascular damage, disruption of lipid metabolism, glycosylation of proteins, and abnormalities of neutrophil-mediated events. Resolution of inflamed tissues to health and homeostasis is an active process mediated by endogenous lipid agonists, including lipoxins and resolvins. This proresolution system appears to be compromised in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The goal of this study was to investigate unresolved inflammation in T2D. Wild-type (WT) and genetically engineered mice, including T2D mice (db/db), transgenic mice overexpressing the human resolvin E1 (RvE1) receptor (ERV1), and a newly bred strain of db/ERV1 mice, were used to determine the impact of RvE1 on the phagocytosis of Porphyromonas gingivalis in T2D. Neutrophils were isolated and incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled P. gingivalis, and phagocytosis was measured in a fluorochrome-based assay by flow cytometry. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p42 and p44) and Akt (Thr308 and Ser473) phosphorylation was analyzed by Western blotting. The mouse dorsal air pouch model was used to evaluate the in vivo impact of RvE1. Results revealed that RvE1 increased the neutrophil phagocytosis of P. gingivalis in WT animals but had no impact in db/db animals. In ERV1-transgenic and ERV1-transgenic diabetic mice, phagocytosis was significantly increased. RvE1 decreased Akt and MAPK phosphorylation in the transgenic animals. In vivo dorsal air pouch studies revealed that RvE1 decreases neutrophil influx into the pouch and increases neutrophil phagocytosis of P. gingivalis in the transgenic animals; cutaneous fat deposition was reduced, as was macrophage infiltration. The results suggest that RvE1 rescues impaired neutrophil phagocytosis in obese T2D mice overexpressing ERV1.
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12
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Burgess JL, Duncan MD, Hu C, Littau SR, Caseman D, Kurzius-Spencer M, Davis-Gorman G, McDonagh PF. Acute cardiovascular effects of firefighting and active cooling during rehabilitation. J Occup Environ Med 2012; 54:1413-20. [PMID: 23090161 PMCID: PMC3493856 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3182619018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the cardiovascular and hemostatic effects of fire suppression and postexposure active cooling. METHODS Forty-four firefighters were evaluated before and after a 12-minute live-fire drill. Next, 50 firefighters performing the same drill were randomized to undergo postfire forearm immersion in 10 °C water or standard rehabilitation. RESULTS In the first study, heart rate and core body temperature increased and serum C-reactive protein decreased but there were no significant changes in fibrinogen, sE-selectin, or sL-selectin. The second study demonstrated an increase in blood coagulability, leukocyte count, factors VIII and X, cortisol, and glucose, and a decrease in plasminogen and sP-selectin. Active cooling reduced mean core temperature, heart rate, and leukocyte count. CONCLUSIONS Live-fire exposure increased core temperature, heart rate, coagulability, and leukocyte count; all except coagulability were reduced by active cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferey L Burgess
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz 85724, USA.
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13
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Zivković M, Kolaković A, Radak D, Dinčić D, Radak S, Djurić T, Stanković A. The sex-specific association of Met62Ile gene polymorphism in P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL-1) with carotid plaque presence: preliminary study. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:6479-85. [PMID: 22307784 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is known as an inflammatory disease in which a recruitment of leukocytes to the endothelium wall represents a preliminary step of the initiation and the development of disease. The P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL-1) seems to be the major molecule mediating leukocyte-endothelium interactions and leukocyte rolling on stimulated endothelium. There are limited number of studies reporting on association of Met62Ile SNP in PSGL-1 gene and the risk for atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to analyze possible association of this polymorphism with an advanced carotid atherosclerosis and biochemical markers of inflammation and haemostasis. The 275 patients consecutively admitted for carotid endarterectomy with stenosis >70% and 256 controls of the same ethnic origin were included in the study. The Met62Ile genotypes were determined by PCR RFLP. The Ile/Ile homozygotes had significantly higher CRP compared to the other genotypes in patients. Female patients had Ile allele dose-dependent association with the carotid plaque presence (Met/Met vs. Met/Ile vs. Ile/Ile; OR 1, OR 2.02, CI 1.0-4.08, OR 4.08, CI 1.0-16.81, respectively, p = 0.04). Our results suggest the impact of PSGL-1 Met62Ile polymorphism on inflammation in advanced atherosclerosis. We observed the sex-differential association of Met62Ile with advanced carotid atherosclerosis. Studies in larger and different populations should validate and further examine the suggested role of genetic variations in PSGL-1 with atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Zivković
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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14
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Le Guyader A, Pacheco G, Seaver N, Davis-Gorman G, Copeland J, McDonagh PF. Inhibition of platelet GPIIb-IIIa and P-selectin expression by aspirin is impaired by stress hyperglycemia. J Diabetes Complications 2009; 23:65-70. [PMID: 18413191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased aspirin resistance may contribute to the increase in thrombotic events observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, we examined if acute exposure to increased plasma glucose impaired the inhibitory effects of aspirin on platelet activation. Whole-blood samples were incubated with 100 (euglycemia), 200, 300, and 600 mg/dl glucose followed by incubation with aspirin [acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)]. Using flow cytometry, GPIIb-IIIa and P-selectin were analyzed in unstimulated and arachidonic acid (AA)-stimulated platelets. In euglycemic blood, AA caused a significant increase in platelet GPIIb-IIIa expression [unstimulated: 59.5+/-8.2 total fluorescence intensity (TFI), AA stimulated: 319.6+/-42.7 TFI, P=.002] and P-selectin (4.4+/-0.7 and 179.5+/-38.5 TFI, P<.001). In vitro, ASA significantly inhibited both GPIIb-IIIa expression (36.5%) and P-selectin expression (81%; P<.005). However, increased blood glucose (200 mg/dl) significantly impaired the inhibitory effect of ASA (84% for GPIIb-IIIa, P<.005; 48% for P-selectin, P=NS). Increasing glucose to 600 mg/dl completely overwhelmed the inhibitory effect of ASA. A statistically significant interaction between glucose concentration and ASA dose was found (P<.001 for GPIIb-IIIa and P=.004 for P-selectin). In vitro, concentration-dependent stress hyperglycemia significantly impaired the inhibitory effects of aspirin on human platelet GPIIb-IIIa and P-selectin expression. Under acute hyperglycemic conditions, the effectiveness of ASA to inhibit platelets via the AA-activation pathway may be significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Le Guyader
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery and the Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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15
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Vanichakarn P, Blair P, Wu C, Freedman JE, Chakrabarti S. Neutrophil CD40 enhances platelet-mediated inflammation. Thromb Res 2008; 122:346-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2007.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Finnerty K, Choi JE, Lau A, Davis-Gorman G, Diven C, Seaver N, Linak WP, Witten M, McDonagh PF. Instillation of coarse ash particulate matter and lipopolysaccharide produces a systemic inflammatory response in mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2007; 70:1957-1966. [PMID: 17966067 DOI: 10.1080/15287390701549229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Coronary ischemic events increase significantly following a "bad air" day. Ambient particulate matter (PM10) is the pollutant most strongly associated with these events. PM10 produces inflammatory injury to the lower airways. It is not clear, however, whether pulmonary inflammation translates to a systemic response. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a proinflammatory molecule often associated with the coarse fraction of PM. It was hypothesized that PM>2.5 from coal plus LPS induce pulmonary inflammation leading to a systemic inflammatory response. Mice were intratracheally instilled with saline, PM (200 microg), PM + LPS10 (PM + 10 microg LPS), or PM + LPS100 (PM + 100 microg LPS). Eighteen hours later, histologic analysis was performed on lungs from each group. Pulmonary and systemic inflammation were assessed by measuring the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 in the pulmonary supernatant and plasma. In a follow-up study, the effects of LPS alone were assessed. Histologic analysis revealed a dose-dependent elevation in pulmonary inflammation with all treatments. Pulmonary TNF-alpha and IL-6 both increased significantly with PM + LPS100 treatment. Regarding plasma, TNF-alpha significantly increased in both PM + LPS10 and PM + LPS100 treatments. For plasma IL-6, all groups tended to rise with a significant increase in the PM + LPS100 group. The results of the follow-up study indicate that the responses to PM + LPS were not due to LPS alone. These results suggest that coarse coal fly ash PM>2.5 combined with LPS produced pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses. The resulting low-level systemic inflammation may contribute to the increased severity of ischemic heart disease observed immediately following a bad air day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Finnerty
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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17
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Rahman S, Rahman T, Ismail AAS, Rashid ARA. Diabetes-associated macrovasculopathy: pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 9:767-80. [PMID: 17924861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2006.00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The complications associated with diabetic vasculopathy are commonly grouped into two categories: microvascular and macrovascular complications. In diabetes, macrovascular disease is the commonest cause of mortality and morbidity and is responsible for high incidence of vascular diseases such as stroke, myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular diseases. Macrovascular diseases are traditionally thought of as due to underlying obstructive atherosclerotic diseases affecting major arteries. Pathological changes of major blood vessels leading to functional and structural abnormalities in diabetic vessels include endothelial dysfunction, reduced vascular compliance and atherosclerosis. Besides, advanced glycation end product formation interacts with specific receptors that lead to overexpression of a range of cytokines. Haemodynamic pathways are activated in diabetes and are possibly amplified by concomitant systemic hypertension. Apart from these, hyperglycaemia, non-enzymatic glycosylation, lipid modulation, alteration of vasculature and growth factors activation contribute to development of diabetic vasculopathy. This review focuses on pathophysiology and pathogenesis of diabetes-associated macrovasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeeda Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Kubang Kerian, University Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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18
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Hatmi M, Samama MM, Elalamy I. Prévention de la thrombose et de l’inflammation vasculaire : place des inhibiteurs mixtes des cyclooxygénases et de la 5-lipoxygénase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 31:4-9. [PMID: 16609625 DOI: 10.1016/s0398-0499(06)76511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin, a standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is currently used in antithrombotic treatment. However, its use is limited by largely recognized gastrotoxicity and recommended doses are low. The major side effect of aspirin is related to its ability to suppress prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). Specific inhibitors of COX-2, the inducible isoform of COX which was more recently described, have potent antiinflammatory effects. They are associated with minor risk of gastric tractus toxicity and reduced inflammatory leukocyte components known for their proatherothrombotic properties. Nevertheless, recent findings attributed a significant cardiovascular risk to some of them. 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), an enzyme mainly expressed by leukocytes, is responsible for the generation of leukotrienes, the major lipidic proinflammatory mediators. Development of combined inhibitors of 5-LOX and COX isoforms 1 and 2 inaugurate an interesting new therapeutic pathway. Indeed, such inhibitors suppress not only the activation of platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells but also prevent their metabolic and functional interactions. In addition to their broad spectrum inhibition, they may be associated with the minor gastrotoxic effect. Thus, platelet-leukocyte interactions which dominate the underlying inflammatory process particularly in atherosclerosis, might reinforce the benefits of such inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hatmi
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôtel-Dieu, 1 Place du Parvis Notre Dame, 75181 Paris Cedex 4
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Abstract
Using the in vitro reaction of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction we showed that blood coagulation stimulates production of reactive oxygen species by human neutrophils. Heparin and chondroitin sulfate produced by thrombin-activated basophils are good candidates for inductors of these processes. Similar activation probably occurs in vivo under the influence of inductors secreted by mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Gerasimov
- Institute for Medical Problems of Family, M. Gorky Donetsk State Medical University
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