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Ribeiro G, Monge J, Postolache O, Pereira JMD. A Novel AI Approach for Assessing Stress Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on the Acquisition of Physiological Parameters Acquired during Daily Life. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4175. [PMID: 39000954 PMCID: PMC11243842 DOI: 10.3390/s24134175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Stress is the inherent sensation of being unable to handle demands and occurrences. If not properly managed, stress can develop into a chronic condition, leading to the onset of additional chronic health issues, such as cardiovascular illnesses and diabetes. Various stress meters have been suggested in the past, along with diverse approaches for its estimation. However, in the case of more serious health issues, such as hypertension and diabetes, the results can be significantly improved. This study presents the design and implementation of a distributed wearable-sensor computing platform with multiple channels. The platform aims to estimate the stress levels in diabetes patients by utilizing a fuzzy logic algorithm that is based on the assessment of several physiological indicators. Additionally, a mobile application was created to monitor the users' stress levels and integrate data on their blood pressure and blood glucose levels. To obtain better performance metrics, validation experiments were carried out using a medical database containing data from 128 patients with chronic diabetes, and the initial results are presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Ribeiro
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT), Instituto Superior Técnico, North Tower, 10th Floor, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Monge
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT), Instituto Superior Técnico, North Tower, 10th Floor, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Octavian Postolache
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT), Instituto Superior Técnico, North Tower, 10th Floor, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Dias Pereira
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
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Tirandi A, Sgura C, Carbone F, Montecucco F, Liberale L. Inflammatory biomarkers of ischemic stroke. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:723-732. [PMID: 36745280 PMCID: PMC10082112 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains the second leading cause of death and among the major causes of morbidity worldwide. Therapeutic options are currently limited to early reperfusion strategies, while pharmacological neuroprotective strategies despite showing promising results in the experimental setting constantly failed to enter the clinical arena. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and mediators of inflammation have been longtime investigated as possible prognostic marker and therapeutic target for stroke patients. Here, we summarized available evidence on the role of cytokines, soluble adhesion molecules and adipokines in the pathophysiology, prognosis and therapy of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Tirandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cosimo Sgura
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Italian Cardiovascular Network, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Italian Cardiovascular Network, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Luca Liberale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Italian Cardiovascular Network, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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3
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Maida CD, Daidone M, Pacinella G, Norrito RL, Pinto A, Tuttolomondo A. Diabetes and Ischemic Stroke: An Old and New Relationship an Overview of the Close Interaction between These Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042397. [PMID: 35216512 PMCID: PMC8877605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a comprehensive expression to identify a condition of chronic hyperglycemia whose causes derive from different metabolic disorders characterized by altered insulin secretion or faulty insulin effect on its targets or often both mechanisms. Diabetes and atherosclerosis are, from the point of view of cardio- and cerebrovascular risk, two complementary diseases. Beyond shared aspects such as inflammation and oxidative stress, there are multiple molecular mechanisms by which they feed off each other: chronic hyperglycemia and advanced glycosylation end-products (AGE) promote ‘accelerated atherosclerosis’ through the induction of endothelial damage and cellular dysfunction. These diseases impact the vascular system and, therefore, the risk of developing cardio- and cerebrovascular events is now evident, but the observation of this significant correlation has its roots in past decades. Cerebrovascular complications make diabetic patients 2–6 times more susceptible to a stroke event and this risk is magnified in younger individuals and in patients with hypertension and complications in other vascular beds. In addition, when patients with diabetes and hyperglycemia experience an acute ischemic stroke, they are more likely to die or be severely disabled and less likely to benefit from the one FDA-approved therapy, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Experimental stroke models have revealed that chronic hyperglycemia leads to deficits in cerebrovascular structure and function that may explain some of the clinical observations. Increased edema, neovascularization, and protease expression as well as altered vascular reactivity and tone may be involved and point to potential therapeutic targets. Further study is needed to fully understand this complex disease state and the breadth of its manifestation in the cerebrovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Domenico Maida
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Programme, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.D.M.); (A.T.)
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Mario Daidone
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.N.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gaetano Pacinella
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Rosario Luca Norrito
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Pinto
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Programme, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.D.M.); (A.T.)
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (R.L.N.); (A.P.)
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4
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Lee KO, Lee KY, Lee CY, Kim JH, Kang J, Lee HY, Na SJ, Oh SH, Heo JH. High Serum Levels of Resistin is Associated With Acute Cerebral Infarction. Neurologist 2021; 27:41-45. [PMID: 34842580 PMCID: PMC8900991 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory process is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and brain tissue injury following cerebral ischemia. Human resistin is a member of small cysteine-rich secreted proteins and has been implicated in inflammatory responses. This study investigated the association of serum resistin level with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). We also investigated its association with the short-term functional outcome. METHODS This study included 106 patients with ACI and 106 age-matched and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Serum resistin level was assessed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent sandwich assay. The association of serum resistin levels with ACI was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The serum resistin level was significantly higher in patients with ACI than the control group [median (interquartile range), 35.7 ng/mL (13.0 to 70.5) ng/mL vs. 10.5 ng/ml (15.4 to 16.6), P<0.001]. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum resistin level was associated with an ACI (odds ratio=1.055, 95% confidence interval: 1.035-1.074, P<0.001). Among stroke subtypes, the serum resistin level was higher in the patients with large artery atherosclerosis than those with other subtypes (P=0.013). High resistin levels were also significantly associated with unfavorable functional outcome at discharge (odds ratio=1.043, 95% confidence interval: 1.024-1.063, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the potential association of resistin with stroke and cerebral atherosclerosis. Increased serum resistin levels were also associated with early unfavorable neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Ook Lee
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute
| | - Kyung-Yul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Sun Hospital, Daejeon
| | | | | | - Sang-Jun Na
- Neurology, Konyang University College of Medicine
| | - Seung-Hun Oh
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam
| | - Ji Hoe Heo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Andone S, Bajko Z, Motataianu A, Mosora O, Balasa R. The Role of Biomarkers in Atherothrombotic Stroke-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169032. [PMID: 34445740 PMCID: PMC8396595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents the primary debilitating disease in adults and is the second-highest cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the most prevalent etiology for vascular conditions, is a continuous process that gradually creates and develops endothelial lesions known as atherosclerotic plaques. These lesions lead to the appearance of atherothrombotic stroke. In the last decades, the role of biological biomarkers has emerged as either diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic targets. This article aims to create a list of potential biomarkers related to atherothrombotic stroke by reviewing the currently available literature. We identified 23 biomarkers and assessed their roles as risk factors, detection markers, prognostic predictors, and therapeutic targets. The central aspect of these biomarkers is related to risk stratification, especially for patients who have not yet suffered a stroke. Other valuable data are focused on the predictive capabilities for stroke patients regarding short-term and long-term prognosis, including their influence over the acute phase treatment, such as rt-PA thrombolysis. Although the role of biomarkers is anticipated to be of extreme value in the future, they cannot yet compete with traditional stroke neuroimaging markers but could be used as additional tools for etiological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Andone
- Doctoral School, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (S.A.); (R.B.)
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Zoltan Bajko
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.M.); (O.M.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Anca Motataianu
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.M.); (O.M.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Oana Mosora
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Rodica Balasa
- Doctoral School, ‘George Emil Palade’ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (S.A.); (R.B.)
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.M.); (O.M.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
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6
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Higashioka M, Hirakawa Y, Kawamura R, Honda T, Hata J, Yoshida D, Takata Y, Kitazono T, Osawa H, Ninomiya T. Ratios of serum eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid to arachidonic acid were inversely associated with serum resistin levels: The Hisayama Study. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:482-489. [PMID: 31433904 PMCID: PMC7078098 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Resistin is an adipocyte-derived polypeptide that leads to the progression of insulin resistance and subsequent atherosclerosis. Some studies have reported an association between self-reported intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and serum resistin levels. However, no studies have investigated the association between the ratio of serum levels of n-3 to serum n-6 PUFAs and the serum resistin concentration in the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study of 3,200 community-dwelling Japanese individuals aged ≥40 years in 2002-2003. The ratios of serum eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (AA) were categorized into quartiles. The associations of serum eicosapentaenoic acid/AA and docosahexaenoic acid/AA with the serum resistin concentration were assessed using linear regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. RESULTS The geometric mean of serum resistin was 10.3 ng/mL. The age- and sex-adjusted geometric mean of serum resistin decreased significantly with increased levels of serum eicosapentaenoic acid/AA (quartile 1: 11.3 ng/mL; quartile 2: 10.6 ng/mL; quartile 3: 10.3 ng/mL; quartile 4: 9.3 ng/mL; P for trend <0.001). A similar association was observed for serum docosahexaenoic acid/AA (quartile 1: 11.1 ng/mL; quartile 2: 10.6 ng/mL; quartile 3: 10.1 ng/mL; quartile 4: 9.7 ng/mL; P for trend <0.001). An adjustment for potential confounding factors did not change these associations. CONCLUSIONS Higher ratios of serum n-3 to n-6 PUFAs were associated with lower serum resistin levels. Consumption of a large amount of n-3 PUFAs might have desirable effects on resistin-mediated diseases.
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Grants
- JP16H02644 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP16H02692 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP16H05557 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP16H05850 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP16K09244 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP17H04126 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP17K01853 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP17K09113 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP17K09114 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP18H02737 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP18K07565 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP18K09412 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP18K17382 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP18K17925 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- H29-Junkankitou-Ippan-003 Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
- H30-Shokuhin-[Sitei]-005 Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
- JP18dk0207025 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP18ek0210080 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP18ek0210082 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP18ek0210083 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP18fk0108075 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP18gm0610007 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP18km0405202 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Higashioka
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular GeneticsEhime University Graduate School of MedicineEhimeJapan
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Ryoichi Kawamura
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular GeneticsEhime University Graduate School of MedicineEhimeJapan
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Center for Cohort StudiesGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Daigo Yoshida
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yasunori Takata
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular GeneticsEhime University Graduate School of MedicineEhimeJapan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Center for Cohort StudiesGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Haruhiko Osawa
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular GeneticsEhime University Graduate School of MedicineEhimeJapan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Center for Cohort StudiesGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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7
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Kapłon-Cieślicka A, Tymińska A, Rosiak M, Ozierański K, Peller M, Eyileten C, Kondracka A, Pordzik J, Mirowska-Guzel D, Opolski G, Postuła M, Filipiak KJ. Resistin is a prognostic factor for death in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3098. [PMID: 30447052 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association of leptin, resistin, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) with prognosis in type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Analysis included 284 T2D patients. Apart from routine laboratory parameters, baseline leptin, resistin, and TNF-α concentrations were measured. Patients were followed for a median of 5.4 years. The primary endpoint was all-cause death at follow-up. The secondary endpoint was a composite of death, acute coronary syndrome, and stroke or transient ischemic attack. RESULTS At baseline, median age was 68 years, and 48% of patients were female. Data on the primary endpoint were obtained for all patients: 32 (11%) died during follow-up. Data on the secondary endpoint were available for 230 patients, of whom 45 (20%) reached the secondary endpoint. In univariate analyses, older age, heart failure, lower-glomerular filtration rate, and higher resistin, TNF-α and NT-proBNP concentrations were predictors of the study endpoints. Of these variables, only resistin remained an independent predictor of both study endpoints in multivariate models. In receiver-operating characteristic analysis, area under the curve for resistin was 0.7. Resistin concentration of greater than or equal to 11.4 ng/mL had sensitivity of 41% and specificity of 91% for prediction of death at follow-up (Youden's index). CONCLUSIONS Higher resistin is associated with reduced survival in T2D, irrespectively of TNF-α. Resistin concentration of above 11 ng/mL indicates T2D patients at an increased risk of unfavourable outcomes. Leptin was not a prognostic factor. These results suggest that in T2D, association of resistin with unfavourable outcomes might, at least in part, result from its pro-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Tymińska
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Rosiak
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Central Clinical Hospital, the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ozierański
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Peller
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kondracka
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Pordzik
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Opolski
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Postuła
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J Filipiak
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Delitala AP, Sanciu FA, Errigo A, Delitala G, Pes GM. Leptin Levels and Insulin Dependence in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 37:550-556. [PMID: 29252126 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is an autoimmune type of diabetes accounting for up to 10% of all cases of diabetes initially diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been demonstrated that LADA patients with a lower body mass index (BMI) undergo a faster depletion of beta cell function and require insulin therapy earlier. In this study, we assayed a panel of adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, omentin, resistin, visfatin) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 2, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α) in 71 LADA patients and tested the association with a number of clinical and immunological features. Among men, leptin was positively and significantly correlated with BMI and fat mass (r = 0.487 and r = 0.664, respectively), resistin was positively and significantly correlated with total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.644 and r = 0.746, P < 0.0001) and with interleukin 2 (r = 0.688, P < 0.01). Omentin showed an inverse correlation with systolic blood pressure in women (r = -0.359, P < 0.001) and a positive correlation with interleukin 2 in both genders (r = 0.395, P < 0.01). The Cox regression analysis showed that leptin levels were inversely and significantly related with the risk of early insulin dependence. Higher leptin secretion may exert a direct effect on beta cell function leading to more insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franca A Sanciu
- 1 Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Errigo
- 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delitala
- 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni M Pes
- 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari , Sassari, Italy
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9
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Lv Y, Yao Y, Ye J, Guo X, Dou J, Shen L, Zhang A, Xue Z, Yu Y, Jin L. Association of Blood Pressure with Fasting Blood Glucose Levels in Northeast China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7917. [PMID: 29784970 PMCID: PMC5962536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) have become major public health issues, and previous studies have shown that there is an association between hypertension and DM. However, there is a lack of detailed information about this association. This study aimed to explore how different blood pressure (BP) levels were associated with fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. A cross-sectional survey with adults aged 18 to 79 years was conducted in Jilin Province, China in 2012. Lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) was used to preliminarily explore the associations of BP with FBG. Quantile regression (QR) was performed to identify the specific associations by adjusting for confounding factors. The distributions of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (χ2 = 710.76, P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (χ2 = 460.20, P < 0.001) were different according to gender. LMS showed that the associations of BP with FBG became stronger when the FBG levels were close to 5.6 mmol/L. QR showed that FBG was positively associated with SBP (P30 to P90) and DBP (P20 to P90) in males. In females, FBG was positively associated with SBP from only P85 to P90. In summary, FBG was positively associated with BP in a gender-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaogai Lv
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Junsen Ye
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jing Dou
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Li Shen
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Anning Zhang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xue
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Lina Jin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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10
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Perovic E, Mrdjen A, Harapin M, Tesija Kuna A, Simundic AM. Diagnostic and prognostic role of resistin and copeptin in acute ischemic stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil 2017; 24:614-618. [DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2017.1367454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edi Perovic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, General Hospital Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | | | - Mladen Harapin
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Andrea Tesija Kuna
- Clinical Institute of Chemistry, University Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana-Maria Simundic
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh”, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Zhu J, Wu D, Zhao C, Luo M, Hamdy RC, Chua BHL, Xu X, Miao Z. Exogenous Adipokine Peptide Resistin Protects Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2949-2957. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Menzaghi C, Marucci A, Antonucci A, De Bonis C, Ortega Moreno L, Salvemini L, Copetti M, Trischitta V, Di Paola R. Suggestive evidence of a multi-cytokine resistin pathway in humans and its role on cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44337. [PMID: 28290549 PMCID: PMC5349527 DOI: 10.1038/srep44337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In cells and tissues resistin affects IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-α expression, thus suggesting the existence of a multi-cytokine “resistin pathway”. We investigated whether such pathway does exist in humans and, if so, if it is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Serum cytokines were measured in 280 healthy subjects from the Gargano Study 2 (GS2) whose BMI, waist circumference, HOMAIR, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure data were available and in 353 patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease from the Gargano Heart Study (GHS)-prospective design (follow-up 5.4 ± 2.5 years; 71 MACE). In GS2, cytokines mRNA levels in white blood cells were also measured. In GS2, resistin mRNA was correlated with all cytokines expression (all p < 0.001), but IL-12B. Consistently, serum resistin was correlated with all serum cytokines (all p < 0.001), but IL-12. Expression (eRPS) and serum (sRPS) resistin pathway scores (excluding IL-12) were each other correlated (p < 0.001) and both associated with cardiovascular risk factors (all p < 0.01). In GHS, sRPS was independently associated with MACE (HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.10–1.90). Our data indicate the existence of a resistin pathway, which is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and which strongly and independently predicts MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Menzaghi
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Antonucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Concetta De Bonis
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lorena Ortega Moreno
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lucia Salvemini
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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13
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Tuttolomondo A, Casuccio A, Guercio G, Maida C, Del Cuore A, Di Raimondo D, Simonetta I, Di Bona D, Pecoraro R, Della Corte V, Gulotta E, Gulotta G, Pinto A. Arterial stiffness, endothelial and cognitive function in subjects with type 2 diabetes in accordance with absence or presence of diabetic foot syndrome. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:2. [PMID: 28056981 PMCID: PMC5217198 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of cardiovascular disease so endothelial and arterial stiffness indexes are good indicators of vascular health. We aimed to assess whether the presence of diabetic foot is associated with arterial stiffness and endothelial function impairment. Methods We studied 50 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) compared to 50 diabetic subjects without diabetic foot, and 53 patients without diabetes mellitus, by means of the mini mental state examination (MMSE) administered to evaluate cognitive performance. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Aix) were also evaluated by Applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor version 7.1), and the RH-PAT data were digitally analyzed online by Endo-PAT2000 using reactive hyperemia index (RHI) values. Results In comparison to diabetic subjects without diabetic foot the subjects with diabetic foot had higher mean values of PWV, lower mean values of RHI, and lower mean MMSE. At multinomial logistic regression PWV and RHI were significantly associated with diabetic foot presence, whereas ROC curve analysis had good sensitivity and specificity in arterial PWV and RHI for diabetic foot presence. Conclusions Pulse wave velocity and augmentation index, mean RHI values, and mean MMSE were effective indicators of diabetic foot. Future research could address these issues by means of longitudinal studies to evaluate cardiovascular event incidence in relation to arterial stiffness, endothelial and cognitive markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. .,U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche, n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother Child, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guercio
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e d'Urgenza, Policlinico Universitario "Paolo GiacconeUniversity of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Maida
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Cuore
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Irene Simonetta
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Pecoraro
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittoriano Della Corte
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Eliana Gulotta
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e d'Urgenza, Policlinico Universitario "Paolo GiacconeUniversity of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Gulotta
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e d'Urgenza, Policlinico Universitario "Paolo GiacconeUniversity of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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14
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Letra L, Sena C. Cerebrovascular Disease: Consequences of Obesity-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 19:163-189. [PMID: 28933065 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63260-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known global impact of overweight and obesity in the incidence of cerebrovascular disease, many aspects of this association are still inconsistently defined. In this chapter we aim to present a critical review on the links between obesity and both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and discuss its influence on functional outcomes, survival, and current treatments to acute and chronic stroke. The role of cerebrovascular endothelial function and respective modulation is also described as well as its laboratory and clinical assessment. In this context, the major contributing mechanisms underlying obesity-induced cerebral endothelial function (adipokine secretion, insulin resistance, inflammation, and hypertension) are discussed. A special emphasis is given to the participation of adipokines in the pathophysiology of stroke, namely adiponectin, leptin, resistin, apelin, and visfatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Letra
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Yan A, Cai G, Fu N, Feng Y, Sun J, Maimaiti Y, Zhou W, Fu Y. Relevance Study on Cerebral Infarction and Resistin Gene Polymorphism in Chinese Han Population. Aging Dis 2016; 7:593-603. [PMID: 27699082 PMCID: PMC5036954 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on genome-wide associations has implicated that the serum resistin level and its gene polymorphism are associated with cerebral infarction (CI) morbidity and prognosis, and could thereby regulate CI. This study aimed to investigate the association between the resistin single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the susceptibility to CI in the Chinese Han population. A total of 550 CI patients and 313 healthy controls were genotyped. Nine SNPs of the resistin gene previously shown were sequenced and assessed for an association with CI. The numbers of GG genotype carriers of rs3219175 and rs3486119 in the CI group were significantly higher than those in the control group among the middle-aged group (aged 45-65), at 76% vs 67.9% (P=0.025) and 75.5% vs 67.9% (P=0.031). rs3219175 and rs34861192 were associated with CI in the dominant and superdominant models according to the genetic model analysis (P<0.05). Meanwhile, there was strong linkage disequilibrium among the rs34124816, rs3219175, rs34861192, rs1862513, rs3745367, 180C/G and rs3745369 sites. In a haplotype analysis, the occurrence rate of the haplotype AGGCAGC was 1.97 times (P<0.05) higher in the patient group than in the control group. In addition, the numbers of GG genotype carriers of rs3219175 and rs3486119 in the middle-aged male CI patients and the middle-aged small artery occlusion (SAO) CI patients were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the Chinese Han middle-aged population, the GG gene type carriers of the resistin gene sites rs3219175 and rs34861192 had a high risk for CI onset, especially in middle-aged male patients and SAO CI in all middle-aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Yan
- 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, and
| | - Gaoyu Cai
- 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, and
| | - Ningzhen Fu
- 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, and
| | - Yulan Feng
- 3Department of Neurology, Minhang Central Hospital, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Jialan Sun
- 4Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yiming Maimaiti
- 5Department of Neurology, the Second People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashgar 844000, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- 2Emergency Department, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Fu
- 1Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, and
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16
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Kawamura R, Tabara Y, Tsukada A, Igase M, Ohashi J, Yamada R, Takata Y, Kawamoto R, Saito I, Onuma H, Tanigawa T, Yamada K, Kato N, Ohyagi Y, Miki T, Kohara K, Osawa H. Genome-wide association study of plasma resistin levels identified rs1423096 and rs10401670 as possible functional variants in the Japanese population. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:874-881. [PMID: 27664181 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00040.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistin is a cytokine inducing insulin resistance in mice. We previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at -420 (rs1862513) and -358 (rs3219175) located in the human resistin gene (RETN) promoter as strong determinants for circulating resistin in the Japanese population. The objective was to identify additional functional variants for circulating resistin. We conducted a genome-wide association study in 448 Japanese subjects. A peak association signal was found on chromosome 19 where RETN is located. The top-hit SNP was SNP -358 G>A, followed by rs1423096 C>T, SNP -420 C>G, and rs10401670 C>T (P = 5.39×10-47, 1.81×10-22, 2.09×10-16, and 9.25×10-15, respectively). Meta-analysis including another two independent general Japanese populations showed that circulating resistin was most strongly associated with SNP-358, followed by SNP-420, rs1423096, and rs10401670. Rs1423096 and rs10401670 were located in the 3'-region of RETN and were in strong linkage disequilibrium. Although these SNPs were also in linkage disequilibrium with the promoter SNPs, conditional and haplotype association analyses identified rs1423096 and rs10401670 as independent determinants for circulating resistin. Functionally, nuclear proteins specifically recognized T but not C at rs10401670 as evidenced by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The promoter activity of a luciferase reporter with T at either rs1423096 or rs10401670 was lower than that with C in THP-1 human monocytes. Therefore, rs1423096 and rs10401670, in addition to SNP-420 and SNP-358, were identified as possible functional variants affecting circulating resistin by the genome-wide search in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Kawamura
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsukada
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, Nagano, Japan
| | - Michiya Igase
- Department of Geriatric Medicine & Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun Ohashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takata
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kawamoto
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Community Health Systems Nursing, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onuma
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Kazuya Yamada
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, Nagano, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ohyagi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine & Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine & Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kohara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine & Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Osawa
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan;
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17
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Gasbarrino K, Mantzoros C, Gorgui J, Veinot JP, Lai C, Daskalopoulou SS. Circulating Chemerin Is Associated With Carotid Plaque Instability, Whereas Resistin Is Related to Cerebrovascular Symptomatology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1670-8. [PMID: 27312219 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rupture of unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques is one of the main causes of cerebrovascular ischemic events. There is need for circulating markers that can predict plaque instability and risk of stroke. Proinflammatory chemerin, leptin, and resistin, along with anti-inflammatory adiponectin, are adipokines with direct influence on vascular function. We investigated the association of circulating adipokines with carotid plaque instability and cerebrovascular symptomatology. APPROACH AND RESULTS Neurologically symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (n=165) scheduled for carotid endarterectomy were recruited. Fasting blood samples were collected preoperatively; adiponectin and leptin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay; and chemerin and resistin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The instability of plaque specimens was assessed using gold-standard histological classifications. Chemerin was significantly associated with plaque instability. The fully adjusted model, accounting for age, sex, body mass index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and circulating adiponectin, leptin, and resistin, yielded an odds ratio of 0.991 (95% confidence interval 0.985-0.998) for plaque instability per unit increase in chemerin. High leptin levels were significantly associated with presence of specific features of plaque instability. In subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, resistin levels were significantly elevated in symptomatic when compared with asymptomatic subjects (P=0.001) and increased the risk of cerebrovascular symptomatology (adjusted odds ratio 1.264, 95% confidence interval 1.004-1.594). CONCLUSIONS Low chemerin and high resistin levels were associated with carotid disease severity, suggesting that these adipokines may act as potential markers for plaque instability and stroke risk. Future studies are needed to assess causation between circulating adipokines and plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Gasbarrino
- From the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (K.G., J.G., S.S.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.M.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.)
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- From the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (K.G., J.G., S.S.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.M.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.)
| | - Jessica Gorgui
- From the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (K.G., J.G., S.S.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.M.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.)
| | - John P Veinot
- From the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (K.G., J.G., S.S.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.M.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.)
| | - Chi Lai
- From the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (K.G., J.G., S.S.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.M.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.)
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- From the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (K.G., J.G., S.S.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.M.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (J.P.V., C.L.).
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18
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Jung CC, Su HJ. Long-term allergen exposure induces adipose tissue inflammation and circulatory system injury. Cell Immunol 2016; 303:34-42. [PMID: 27004794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to study whether allergen exposure can induce inflammation and lower the anti-inflammation levels in serum and in adipose tissues, and further develop cardiovascular injury. Our data showed that heart rate was significantly higher in the OVA-challenged mice compared to control mice. Moreover, there were higher expressions of pro-inflammation genes in the OVA-challenged mice in adipose tissues, and the expressions of anti-inflammation genes were lower. The levels of inflammation mediators were associated in serum and adipose tissues. The level of circulatory injury lactate dehydrogenase was significantly associated with the levels of E-selectin, resistin and adiponectin in the serum. The hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry stains indicated the OVA-challenged mice had higher levels of inflammation. In summary, the current study demonstrated allergen exposure can cause cardiovascular injury, and inflammatory mediators in adipose tissues play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Jung
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Out-Patient Building, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Jen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Out-Patient Building, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
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19
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Xie D, Deng L, Liu XD, Li JM, Zhang YB. Role of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and other risk factors in intracranial and extracranial artery occlusion in patients with ischaemic stroke. J Int Med Res 2015; 43:711-7. [PMID: 26130785 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515586246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A retrospective case–control study to identify stroke-associated risk factors and quantify serum C-reactive protein in patients with ischaemic stroke, with or without intracranial and/or extracranial artery occlusion (IEAO). Methods Patients with ischaemic stroke and internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO), middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), ICAO + MCAO, or no IEAO (control patients) were retrospectively recruited. Data regarding stroke-associated risk factors were retrieved from medical records. High sensitivity (hs)-CRP was quantified within 3 days of hospital admission. Results Patients with ICAO ( n = 89), MCAO ( n = 74) and ICAO + MCAO ( n = 29) had significantly higher serum hs-CRP concentrations, and were significantly more likely to have coronary heart disease, a history of stroke, and more than three stroke-associated risk factors than control patients ( n = 84). Conclusions Coronary heart disease and a history of stroke are risk factors for ischaemic stroke with IEAO. Hs-CRP may be used as a marker for IEAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-dong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-mei Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Moreno LO, Salvemini L, Mendonca C, Copetti M, De Bonis C, De Cosmo S, Doria A, Trischitta V, Menzaghi C. Serum resistin and glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119529. [PMID: 25811174 PMCID: PMC4374786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High serum levels of the pro-inflammatory adipokine resistin have been associated with decreased renal function in the general population. The goal of this study was to investigate whether such association is also present among diabetic subjects, who are at increased risk of renal function loss. Methods The cross-sectional association between serum resistin levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was investigated in 1,560 type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients of European ancestry comprised in two different cohorts: 762 patients from San Giovanni Rotondo (SGR; Italy) and 798 patients from Boston (US). Results Serum resistin was inversely associated with eGFR in SGR [β (SE) for one SD of resistin increment = -1.01 (0.70) ml/min/1.73m2, p = 0.019] and in Boston [β (SE) = -5.31 (0.74) ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001] samples, as well as in the two studies combined [β (SE) = -3.42 (0.52) ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001]. The association was unaffected by adjustment for smoking habits, BMI, waist circumference, diabetes duration, HbA1c, insulin treatment, hypertension and lipid-lowering therapy: β (SE) for one SD of resistin increment = -1.07 (0.70), p = 0.02; -5.50 (0.88), p < 0.001; and -2.81 (0.55) ml/min/1.73m2, p < .001, in SGR, Boston and the two studies combined, respectively. The association was significantly stronger in men than in women (p for resistin-by-gender interaction = 0.003). For each resistin SD increment, the odds of having eGFR < 0 ml/min/1.73m2 increased by 22% (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.02–1.44; p = 0.025) in SGR sample, 69% (OR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.38–2.07; p < 0.001) in Boston sample, and 47% (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.29–1.68; p < 0.001) in the two studies considered together. Similar associations were observed in the adjusted model: OR 95% CI for each SD resistin increment being 1.23 (1.03–1.46), p = 0.021; 1.52 (1.20–1.92), p < 0.001; 1.33 (1.16–1.53), p < 0.001, in SGR, Boston and the two studies combined, respectively. Conclusions This is the first report of an association between high serum resistin and low eGFR in patients with T2D of European ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ortega Moreno
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lucia Salvemini
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Christine Mendonca
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Concetta De Bonis
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (C. Menzaghi); (VT)
| | - Claudia Menzaghi
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- * E-mail: (C. Menzaghi); (VT)
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Tuttolomondo A, Maida C, Pinto A. Diabetic foot syndrome as a possible cardiovascular marker in diabetic patients. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:268390. [PMID: 25883983 PMCID: PMC4391526 DOI: 10.1155/2015/268390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcerations have been extensively reported as vascular complications of diabetes mellitus associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality; in fact, some authors showed a higher prevalence of major, previous and new-onset, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular events in diabetic patients with foot ulcers than in those without these complications. This is consistent with the fact that in diabetes there is a complex interplay of several variables with inflammatory metabolic disorders and their effect on the cardiovascular system that could explain previous reports of high morbidity and mortality rates in diabetic patients with amputations. Involvement of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 plasma levels and resistin in diabetic subjects confirmed the pathogenetic issue of the "adipovascular" axis that may contribute to cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. In patients with diabetic foot, this "adipovascular axis" expression in lower plasma levels of adiponectin and higher plasma levels of IL-6 could be linked to foot ulcers pathogenesis by microvascular and inflammatory mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to focus on the immune inflammatory features of DFS and its possible role as a marker of cardiovascular risk in diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, U.O.C di Medicina Interna e Cardioangiologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, No. 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- *Antonino Tuttolomondo:
| | - Carlo Maida
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, U.O.C di Medicina Interna e Cardioangiologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, No. 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, U.O.C di Medicina Interna e Cardioangiologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, No. 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Codoñer-Franch P, Alonso-Iglesias E. Resistin: insulin resistance to malignancy. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 438:46-54. [PMID: 25128719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is recognized as an endocrine organ that secretes bioactive substances known as adipokines. Excess adipose tissue and adipose tissue dysfunction lead to dysregulated adipokine production that can contribute to the development of obesity-related co-morbidities. Among the various adipokines, resistin, which was initially considered as a determinant of the emergence of insulin resistance in obesity, has appeared as an important link between obesity and inflammatory processes. Several experimental and clinical studies have suggested an association between increased resistin levels and severe conditions associated with obesity such as cardiovascular disease and malignancies. In this review, we present the growing body of evidence that human resistin is an inflammatory biomarker and potential mediator of obesity-associated diseases. A common pathway seems to involve the combined alteration of immune and inflammatory processes that favor metabolic disturbances, atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis. The mode of action and the signaling pathways utilized by resistin in its interactions with target cells could involve oxidative and nitrosative stress. Therefore, resistin could function as a key molecule in the complications of obesity development and could potentially be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia 46017, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Eulalia Alonso-Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
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Bao YS, Jia XB, Ji Y, Yang J, Zhao SL, Na SP. High prevalence and risk factors for kidney dysfunction in patients with atherosclerotic cardio-cerebrovascular disease. QJM 2014; 107:443-9. [PMID: 24448380 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with atherosclerotic cardio-cerebrovascular disease are at high risk of kidney dysfunction because of the overlap of several risk factors. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence and characteristics and risk factors for kidney dysfunction in the cardio-cerebrovascular disease population. METHODS Renal functions of 1012 patients with the cardio-cerebrovascular disease were evaluated with the purpose of evaluating characteristics of the incidence, risk factors for kidney dysfunction in the cardio-cerebrovascular disease population. RESULTS In the univariate analysis, the major risk factors for kidney dysfunction in the patients with the cardio-cerebrovascular disease were age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and serum uric acid. In the patients with both hypertension and diabetes mellitus the percentages of significantly decreased eGFR were 25.6%. Results of multivariable analysis showed that diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR) 1.609, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.08-2.398, P = 0.019), hypertension (OR 1.547, 95% CI 1.049-2.281, P = 0.028) and serum uric acid (OR 1.009, 95% CI 1.007-1.010, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for reduced kidney function. CONCLUSIONS In the context of the cardio-cerebrovascular disease kidney dysfunction is common and has a high prevalence. Patients with both cardio-cerebrovascular disease and kidney dysfunction at any stage should be recognized as high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Bao
- From the Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - X-B Jia
- From the Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Y Ji
- From the Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - J Yang
- From the Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - S-L Zhao
- From the Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - S-P Na
- From the Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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Zheng J, Li G, Chen S, Bihl J, Buck J, Zhu Y, Xia H, Lazartigues E, Chen Y, Olson JE. Activation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas pathway reduces oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced tissue swelling, ROS production, and cell death in mouse brain with angiotensin II overproduction. Neuroscience 2014; 273:39-51. [PMID: 24814023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that mice which overexpress human renin and angiotensinogen (R+A+) show enhanced cerebral damage in both in vivo and in vitro experimental ischemia models. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) counteracts the effects of angiotensin (Ang-II) by transforming it into Ang-(1-7), thus reducing the ligand for the AT1 receptor and increasing stimulation of the Mas receptor. Triple transgenic mice, SARA, which specifically overexpress ACE2 in neurons of R+A+ mice were used to study the role of ACE2 in ischemic stroke using oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) of brain slices as an in vitro model. We examined tissue swelling, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell death in the cerebral cortex (CX) and the hippocampal CA1 region during OGD. Expression levels of NADPH oxidase (Nox) isoforms, Nox2 and Nox4 were measured using western blots. Results show that SARA mice and R+A+ mice treated with the Mas receptor agonist Ang-(1-7) had less swelling, cell death, and ROS production in CX and CA1 areas compared to those in R+A+ animals. Treatment of slices from SARA mice with the Mas antagonist A779 eliminated this protection. Finally, western blots revealed less Nox2 and Nox4 expression in SARA mice compared with R+A+ mice both before and after OGD. We suggest that reduced brain swelling and cell death observed in SARA animals exposed to OGD result from diminished ROS production coupled with lower expression of Nox isoforms. Thus, the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor pathway plays a protective role in brain ischemic damage by counteracting the detrimental effects of Ang-II-induced ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States; Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - S Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - J Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - J Buck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - H Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - E Lazartigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States.
| | - J E Olson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States.
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Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excess accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue and other organs, and chronic inflammation associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are major health concerns. Resistin was first discovered as an adipose-secreted hormone (adipokine) linked to obesity and insulin resistance in rodents. Adipocyte-derived resistin is increased in obese rodents and strongly related to insulin resistance. However, in contrast to rodents, resistin is expressed and secreted from macrophages in humans and is increased in inflammatory conditions. Some studies have also suggested an association between increased resistin levels and insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Genetic studies have provided additional evidence for a role of resistin in insulin resistance and inflammation. Resistin appears to mediate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by promoting endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, arterial inflammation, and formation of foam cells. Indeed, resistin is predictive of atherosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. There is also growing evidence that elevated resistin is associated with the development of heart failure. This review will focus on the biology of resistin in rodents and humans, and evidence linking resistin with type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bao YS, Song LT, Zhong D, Song AX, Jia XB, Liu RC, Xie RJ, Na SP. Epidemiology and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in patients with ischaemic stroke. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:829-35. [PMID: 23869408 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence for an association between chronic renal disease (CKD) and adverse cerebrovascular events because of the overlap of several risk factors. The purpose of this study is to examine the epidemiology of CKD and the characteristics of risk factors for CKD in the population with ischaemic stroke. METHODS This retrospective study included 571 patients with ischaemic stroke. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation. Renal function was assessed according to the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI)-CKD classification. RESULTS Study demonstrated that the major factors associated with CKD in the ischaemic stroke patients were age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and serum uric acid. Diabetes mellitus (OR 4·146, 95% CI 1·047-16·418, P = 0·043), hypertension and diabetes mellitus (OR 3·574, 95% CI 1·248-10·234, P = 0·018), serum uric acid (OR 1·010, 95% CI 1·006-1·013, P < 0·001) and LDL cholesterol (OR 1·431, 95% CI 1·063-1·928, P = 0·018) were independent risk factors associated with CKD in the patients with ischaemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS The patients with ischaemic stroke may be considered as a high-risk population for CKD and be aggressively managed for CKD prevention. The high prevalence of CKD in population with ischaemic stroke prompts the need for greater public awareness about risks of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Bao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Chitsaz A, Tolou-Ghamari Z, Ashtari F. Preliminary evaluations related to the ranges of hematological and biochemical variables in hospitalized patients with stroke. Int J Prev Med 2013; 4:S347-52. [PMID: 23776750 PMCID: PMC3678244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the international reports, brain stroke is the main reason of death and disability. In ischemic stroke, early and precise classification of patients who may profit from conflicting finest therapeutic interference is necessary if enhanced effects in terms of survival are to be talented. Due to uncomplicated, easy performance, and inexpensive method the aim of this preliminary study was to investigate changes related to biochemical and hematological variables in patients with stroke. METHODS A cross-sectional study located at the neurology ward of the Ayatolah Kashani and Alzahra Hospitals' (conducted to Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center) was carried out on fifty patients (females; n = 20 and males; n = 30) between April 1, 2012 and September 31, 2012. The data from subjects' records were taken for analyzing variables. The statistical analysis of d-base was performed using (SPSS) for windows. RESULTS Analysis of available data showed that with a mean of 182.4 mg/dl, blood sugar (BS) ranged from 75 to 300 mg/dl (n = 15/50). The changes in hemoglobin (Hgb) (mean 4.6 g/dl, n = 27/50), platelet (mean 210, 653/mm(3), n = 26/50) and lymphocyte (Lymph) (mean 37, n = 26/50) seems to be significant. The mean age of females was 76 years (ranged 46-93 years). The mean age of males was 70 years (ranged 31-90 years). Information related to previous drug history was available only in 24 patients. In 5 out of 22 cases ischemic heart disease (IHD) were positive. In 8 out of 29 cases, diabetes mellitus was positive. In 5 out of 28 cases, hypertension (HTN) was positive. In the four patients both IHD and HTN were positive. CONCLUSIONS Any considerable alter in patients' biochemical and hematological figures (BS, Hgb, Plt and Lymph) may necessitate further attention related to inter- and intra-individual variability in clinical supervision and drug's assortment. Therefore, success in treatment could be achieved by the close management of clinical, biochemical, hematological, and pharmacological manifestation. To reduce disability, mortality, and morbidity in Iranian stroke population further clinical studies are needed to correlate drugs and laboratory markers to associated clinical events in order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Chitsaz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Tolou-Ghamari
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Correspondence to: Dr. Zahra Tolou-Ghamari, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre (INRC), Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Fereshteh Ashtari
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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28
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Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease incidence in men with and without hypertension: the Suita study. Hypertens Res 2012; 36:58-64. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Resistin has been implicated in coronary atherosclerotic disease and congestive heart failure. Recent studies have extended its involvement in peripheral artery disease. Despite some controversial data, the mainstream clinical literature supports that resistin is associated with both coronary and peripheral artery diseases including ischemic stroke. In this review, the multiple roles of resistin as screening, diagnostic, and prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease are discussed. The independence of resistin in disease prediction and diagnosis appears complicated by its confounders, such as C-reactive protein. A clear-cut biomarker function of resistin in cardiovascular disease needs be clarified by additional large-scale, well-designed prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxue Ding
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94350, USA
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Hiroshima Y, Bando M, Inagaki Y, Mihara C, Kataoka M, Murata H, Shinohara Y, Nagata T, Kido J. Resistin in gingival crevicular fluid and induction of resistin release by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide in human neutrophils. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:554-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kogawa T, Nishimura M, Kurauchi S, Kashiwakura I. Characteristics of reactive oxygen metabolites in serum of early teenagers in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2011; 17:364-70. [PMID: 22207571 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-011-0261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between the incidence of cardiovascular disease and the state of oxidative stress in blood has been studied to some extent. Several lines of evidence underscore the importance of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease beginning in childhood. However, little is known about the current state of oxidative stress in childhood. This study was carried out to determine the current state of the level of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) in serum of early teenagers. METHODS This study enrolled 595 healthy junior high school students from the town of Nanbu located in northern Japan. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the serum level of ROM, and antioxidant capacity was evaluated by measuring the serum level of biological antioxidant potential (BAP). RESULTS Although the ROM level in female students [308.6 ± 63.1 Carratelli units (U.CARR)] was slightly higher than that in males (299.9 ± 55.2 U.CARR), the difference was not statistically significant. The BAP level in males was significantly higher than that in females. The levels of ROM and BAP detected in males in the first grade were higher than those in the other grades. In females, only first-graders' BAP was higher than that in other grades. CONCLUSIONS The current study found that the ROM level in males was negatively correlated with grade. These results suggest the presence of factor(s) that increase oxidative stress in Japanese puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumi Kogawa
- Department of Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori, Japan.
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Serum resistin in older patients with hip fracture: Relationship with comorbidity and biochemical determinants of bone metabolism. Cytokine 2011; 56:157-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kawamura R, Tabara Y, Onuma H, Kawamoto R, Ohashi J, Takata Y, Nishida W, Kohara K, Makino H, Miki T, Osawa H. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human THADA gene is associated with circulating resistin in the general Japanese population. Diabetol Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-011-0039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Baker JF, Morales M, Qatanani M, Cucchiara A, Nackos E, Lazar MA, Teff K, von Feldt JM. Resistin levels in lupus and associations with disease-specific measures, insulin resistance, and coronary calcification. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:2369-75. [PMID: 21885493 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate levels of resistin in female subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to age and race-matched controls and to determine the relationship between resistin and systemic inflammation, disease measures, and coronary artery calcification (CAC). METHODS Resistin levels were measured on stored samples from 159 women with SLE and 70 controls as an extension of a previous cross-sectional study. Spearman correlations and multivariable regressions were used to examine whether resistin levels were associated with SLE, disease-specific and inflammatory markers, insulin resistance, and CAC. RESULTS In a multivariable linear regression model, a diagnosis of SLE was significantly associated with higher resistin levels independent of age, race, renal function, body mass index (BMI), high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), hypertension, diabetes, and steroid use. In SLE, resistin levels correlated positively with Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), hsCRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, homocysteine, and disease duration (all p < 0.03). Resistin level did not correlate with markers of insulin resistance or body adiposity, including homeostatic model assessment or BMI. Resistin levels were significantly elevated in SLE cases with CAC compared to cases without CAC (16.58 vs 13.10 ng/ml, respectively; p = 0.04). In multivariate logistic regression, the association was not present after adjustment for age, race, and GFR. CONCLUSION SLE was independently associated with higher resistin levels. Among subjects with SLE, higher resistin level correlated positively with renal dysfunction, inflammatory markers, and disease damage but not with insulin resistance or BMI. SLE cases with CAC had higher resistin levels than cases without CAC; however, this relationship was dependent on other established risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Baker
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rajpathak SN, Kaplan RC, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Cushman M, Rohan TE, McGinn AP, Wang T, Strickler HD, Scherer PE, Mackey R, Curb D, Ho GYF. Resistin, but not adiponectin and leptin, is associated with the risk of ischemic stroke among postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative. Stroke 2011; 42:1813-20. [PMID: 21546486 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.607853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adipose tissue is considered an endocrine organ that secretes adipokines, which possibly mediate the effects of obesity on the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there are yet limited prospective data on the association between circulating adipokine levels and the risk of ischemic stroke. We aimed to examine the associations of 3 adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) with the risk of ischemic stroke. METHODS We conducted a prospective nested case-control study (972 stroke cases and 972 matched control subjects) within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study cohort. The control subjects were matched to cases on age, race/ethnicity, date of study enrollment, and follow-up time. RESULTS Adipokine levels were associated with established stroke risk factors such as obesity and systolic blood pressure. Adjusted for body mass index, the ORs for incident ischemic stroke comparing the highest (Quartile 4) with the lowest quartile (Quartile 1) were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.61 to 1.08; P trend=0.068) for adiponectin, 1.15 (95% CI, 0.83 to 1.59; P trend=0.523) for leptin, and 1.57 (95% CI, 1.18 to 2.08; P trend=0.002) for resistin. The association for resistin remained significant even after accounting for established stroke risk factors (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.90; P trend=0.036). Further adjustment for markers for inflammation, angiogenesis, and endothelial function also did not affect our results. CONCLUSIONS Circulating levels of resistin, but not those of adiponectin or leptin, are associated with an increased risk of incident ischemic stroke in postmenopausal women, independent of obesity and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil N Rajpathak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Ike A, Nishikawa H, Shirai K, Mori K, Kuwano T, Fukuda Y, Takamiya Y, Yanagi D, Kubota K, Tsuchiya Y, Zhang B, Miura SI, Saku K. Impact of glycemic control on the clinical outcome in diabetic patients with percutaneous coronary intervention--from the FU-registry. Circ J 2011; 75:791-9. [PMID: 21427500 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not yet clear whether glycemic control affects the clinical outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in diabetic patients. METHODS AND RESULTS This study compared the effects of glycemic control on the clinical outcome in 2 groups of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who underwent PCI: a poor-glycemic-control group, who showed greater than 6.9% HbA(1c) at the time of PCI (Pre-HbA(1c)) (`≥6.9 group', n=334 patients) and a good-glycemic-control group, who showed less than <6.9% at Pre-HbA(1c) (`<6.9 group', n=212 patients). The patients in the ≥6.9 group were further divided into 2 groups for further comparisons: a `DM control group' and a `Poor control group'. At follow-up (300 days), the incidence of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the <6.9 group (18.4% vs. 26.2%). However, there was no difference in MACE between the DM control group and the Poor control group. In a multivariate analysis, there was no relationship between the incidence of MACE and Pre-HbA(1c), Pre-HbA(1c)≥6.9% or the HbA(1c) difference (Pre-HbA(1c)-HbA(1c) at follow-up). CONCLUSIONS Clinical outcomes in the <6.9 group were superior to those in the ≥6.9 group as pre-PCI glycemic control affected the baseline characteristics. The results suggested that glycemic control started at PCI was not associated with an improvement in the clinical outcome at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amane Ike
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Fisman EZ, Tenenbaum A. The ubiquitous interleukin-6: a time for reappraisal. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:62. [PMID: 20937099 PMCID: PMC2959009 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine regulating humoral and cellular responses and playing a central role in inflammation and tissue injury. Its effects are mediated through interaction with its receptor complex, IL-6Rβ (also known as gp130). It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and large quantities of IL-6 are found in human atherosclerotic plaques. IL-6 levels positively correlate with higher all-cause mortality, unstable angina, left ventricular dysfunction, propensity to diabetes and its complications, hypertension, obesity and several types of cancer. IL-6 levels augmentation demonstrates a remarkable parallel with another biomarkers reflecting harmful processes, like tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukins 8 and 18, YKL-40, C reactive protein and resistin. Due to these facts, IL-6 was classified as a noxious interleukin. Nonetheless, there are several facts that challenge this usually accepted point of view. Since IL-6 has also anti-inflammatory activity, it seems reasonable to assume that favorable aspects exist. These aspects are two: 1. protection against bacterial infections, inactivating proinflammatory mediators, mitigating the course of septic shock and inducing the production of cortisol; and 2. influence on insulin sensitivity during exercise; this aspect is even more important. During exercise IL-6 is synthesized and released by muscles, with enhanced insulin action immediately at early recovery. Skeletal muscle may be considered as an endocrine organ; contracting muscles produce IL-6 and release it into the blood exerting its effects on other organs. The increase in circulating levels of IL-6 after exercise is consistent and proportional to exercise duration, intensity, muscle mass involved and endurance capacity. Thus, the fascinating possibility that the plenteous beneficial health effects of exercise could be ultimately mediated by IL-6 merits further elucidation. Interleukins were termed "good" or "bad", probably due to a tendency to see things in black and white, with no gray area in between. Calling IL-6 "a molecule with both beneficial and destructive potentials" would be a more equitable approach. In the literary creatures of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, a good and an evil personality are found in the same individual. IL-6 playing the role of Dr. Jekyll is emerging; the time for IL-6 reappraisal is coming.
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Tuttolomondo A, La Placa S, Di Raimondo D, Bellia C, Caruso A, Lo Sasso B, Guercio G, Diana G, Ciaccio M, Licata G, Pinto A. Adiponectin, resistin and IL-6 plasma levels in subjects with diabetic foot and possible correlations with clinical variables and cardiovascular co-morbidity. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:50. [PMID: 20836881 PMCID: PMC2946274 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is very suggestive that diabetic foot is characterized by a pronounced inflammatory reaction and the pathogenic significance of this inflammation has received little attention. On this basis the aim of our study was to evaluate plasma levels of adiponectin, resistin and IL-6 in subjects with diabetic foot in comparison with subjects without foot complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 34 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and foot ulceration hospitalized for every condition related to diabetic disease, but not for new vascular events (group A). As controls we recruited 37 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without foot ulceration (group B) hospitalized for every condition related to diabetic disease, but not for new vascular events. Adiponectin, Resistin and IL-6 serum levels were evaluated. RESULTS Subjects of group A showed lower median plasma levels of adiponectin [7.7450 (4.47-12.17) μg/ml vs 8.480 (5.15-12.87) μg/ml], higher median plasma levels of IL-6 [3.21 (1.23-5.34) pg/ml vs 2.73 (1.24-3.97 pg/ml)] and of resistin [3.860 (2.96-6.29 ng/ml) vs 3.690 (2.,37-6.5 ng/ml)]. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that diabetic subjects with diabetic foot showed in comparison with diabetics without diabetic foot higher IL-6 and resistin plasma levels, lower adiponectin plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy.
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