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Caballero Cerbon DA, Widmann J, Weuster-Botz D. Metabolic control analysis enabled the improvement of the L-cysteine production process with Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:108. [PMID: 38212968 PMCID: PMC10784400 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
L-cysteine is an amino acid with relevance to the pharmaceutical, food, feed, and cosmetic industry. The environmental and societal impact of its chemical production has led to the development of more sustainable fermentative L-cysteine production processes with engineered E. coli based on glucose and thiosulfate as sulphur source. Still, most of the published processes show low yields. For the identification of further metabolic engineering targets, engineered E. coli cells were withdrawn from a fed-batch production process, followed by in vivo metabolic control analysis (MCA) based on the data of short-term perturbation experiments, metabolomics (LC-MS), and thermodynamic flux analysis (TFA). In vivo MCA indicated that the activities of the L-cysteine synthases of the cells withdrawn from the production process might be limiting, and we hypothesised that the L-cysteine precursor O-acetylserine (OAS) might be exported from the cells faster than it took to transform OAS into L-cysteine. By increasing the expression of the L-cysteine synthases, either sulfocysteine synthase or L-cysteine synthase, which transform OAS into L-cysteine, an improvement of up to 70% in specific L-cysteine productivity and up to 47% in the final L-cysteine concentration was achieved in standardised fed-batch processes thereby increasing the yield on glucose by more than 85 to 9.2% (w/w). KEY POINTS: • Metabolic control analysis was applied to analyse L-cysteine production with E. coli • OAS export was faster than its transformation to L-cysteine • Overexpression of L-cysteine synthases improved L-cysteine productivity and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alejandro Caballero Cerbon
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jeremias Widmann
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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2
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Qian L, Yan B, Zhou J, Fan Y, Tao M, Zhu W, Wang C, Tu Q, Tian Y, He Q, Wu K, Niu M, Yan Q, Nikoloski Z, Liu G, Yu X, He Z. Comprehensive profiles of sulfur cycling microbial communities along a mangrove sediment depth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173961. [PMID: 38876338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The sulfur (S) cycle is an important biogeochemical cycle with profound implications for both cellular- and ecosystem-level processes by diverse microorganisms. Mangrove sediments are a hotspot of biogeochemical cycling, especially for the S cycle with high concentrations of S compounds. Previous studies have mainly focused on some specific inorganic S cycling processes without paying specific attention to the overall S-cycling communities and processes as well as organic S metabolism. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the distribution, ecological network and assembly mechanisms of S cycling microbial communities and their changes with sediment depths using metagenome sequencing data. The results showed that the abundance of gene families involved in sulfur oxidation, assimilatory sulfate reduction, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) cleavage and demethylation decreased with sediment depths, while those involved in S reduction and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) transformation showed an opposite trend. Specifically, glpE, responsible for converting S2O32- to SO32-, showed the highest abundance in the surface sediment and decreased with sediment depths; in contrast, high abundances of dmsA, responsible for converting dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to DMS, were identified and increased with sediment depths. We identified Pseudomonas and Streptomyces as the main S-cycling microorganisms, while Thermococcus could play an import role in microbial network connections in the S-cycling microbial community. Our statistical analysis showed that both taxonomical and functional compositions were generally shaped by stochastic processes, while the functional composition of organic S metabolism showed a transition from stochastic to deterministic processes. This study provides a novel perspective of diversity distribution of S-cycling functions and taxa as well as their potential assembly mechanisms, which has important implications for maintaining mangrove ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bozhi Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiayin Zhou
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yijun Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mei Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wengen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qichao Tu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingyang Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Guangli Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhili He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marine Synthetic Ecology Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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3
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Verschueren KHG, Dodson EJ, Wilkinson AJ. The Structure of the LysR-type Transcriptional Regulator, CysB, Bound to the Inducer, N-acetylserine. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2024; 53:311-326. [PMID: 38976018 PMCID: PMC11329422 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-024-01716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
In Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, cysteine biosynthesis requires the products of 20 or more cys genes co-ordinately regulated by CysB. Under conditions of sulphur limitation and in the presence of the inducer, N-acetylserine, CysB binds to cys promoters and activates the transcription of the downstream coding sequences. CysB is a homotetramer, comprising an N-terminal DNA binding domain (DBD) and a C-terminal effector binding domain (EBD). The crystal structure of a dimeric EBD fragment of CysB from Klebsiella aerogenes revealed a protein fold similar to that seen in Lac repressor but with a different symmetry in the dimer so that the mode of DNA binding was not apparent. To elucidate the subunit arrangement in the tetramer, we determined the crystal structure of intact CysB in complex with N-acetylserine. The tetramer has two subunit types that differ in the juxtaposition of their winged helix-turn-helix DNA binding domains with respect to the effector binding domain. In the assembly, the four EBDs form a core with the DNA binding domains arranged in pairs on the surface. N-acetylserine makes extensive polar interactions in an enclosed binding site, and its binding is accompanied by substantial conformational rearrangements of surrounding residues that are propagated to the protein surface where they appear to alter the arrangement of the DNA binding domains. The results are (i) discussed in relation to the extensive mutational data available for CysB and (ii) used to propose a structural mechanism of N-acetylserine induced CysB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen H G Verschueren
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eleanor J Dodson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Anthony J Wilkinson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Xu Y, Wang H, Xing C, Zhang J, Yan W. Antibacterial Mechanism of d-Cysteine/Polyethylene Glycol-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Their Potential for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:37722-37733. [PMID: 39001807 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infection has always posed a severe threat to public health. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) exhibit exceptional biocompatibility and hold immense potential in biomedical applications. However, their antibacterial effectiveness is currently unsatisfactory. Herein, a chiral antibacterial agent with high stability was prepared by the modification of Au NPs with d-cysteine with the assistance of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The as-synthesized d-cysteine/PEG-Au NPs (D/P-Au NPs) exhibited a stronger (99.5-99.9%) and more stable (at least 14 days) antibacterial performance against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-positive (Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, compared with other groups. The analysis of the antibacterial mechanism revealed that the D/P-Au NPs mainly affected the assembly of ribosomes, the biosynthesis of amino acids and proteins, as well as the DNA replication and mismatch repair, ultimately leading to bacterial death, which is significantly different from the mechanism of reactive oxygen species-activated metallic antibacterial NPs. In particular, the D/P-Au NPs were shown to effectively accelerate the healing of S. aureus-infected wounds in mice to a rate comparable to or slightly higher than that of vancomycin. This work provides a novel approach to effectively design chiral antibacterial agents for bacterial infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelong Xu
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - He Wang
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changrui Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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5
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Zhou Z, Li Z, Zhong Y, Xu S, Li Z. Engineering of the Lrp/AsnC-type transcriptional regulator DecR as a genetically encoded biosensor for multilevel optimization of L-cysteine biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2133-2146. [PMID: 38634289 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
L-cysteine is an important sulfur-containing amino acid being difficult to produce by microbial fermentation. Due to the lack of high-throughput screening methods, existing genetically engineered bacteria have been developed by simply optimizing the expression of L-cysteine-related genes one by one. To overcome this limitation, in this study, a biosensor-based approach for multilevel biosynthetic pathway optimization of L-cysteine from the DecR regulator variant of Escherichia coli was applied. Through protein engineering, we obtained the DecRN29Y/C81E/M90Q/M99E variant-based biosensor with improved specificity and an 8.71-fold increase in dynamic range. Using the developed biosensor, we performed high-throughput screening of the constructed promoter and RBS combination library, and successfully obtained the optimized strain, which resulted in a 6.29-fold increase in L-cysteine production. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) showed that the N29Y/C81E/M90Q/M99E variant had enhanced induction activity. This enhancement may be due to the increased binding of the variant to DNA in the presence of L-cysteine, which enhances transcriptional activation. Overall, our biosensor-based strategy provides a promising approach for optimizing biosynthetic pathways at multiple levels. The successful implementation of this strategy demonstrates its potential for screening improved recombinant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zonglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Shanghai, China
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6
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Wang L, Guo Y, Shen Y, Yang K, Cai X, Zhang B, Liu Z, Zheng Y. Microbial production of sulfur-containing amino acids using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108353. [PMID: 38593935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
L-Cysteine and L-methionine, as the only two sulfur-containing amino acids among the canonical 20 amino acids, possess distinct characteristics and find wide-ranging industrial applications. The use of different organisms for fermentative production of L-cysteine and L-methionine is gaining increasing attention, with Escherichia coli being extensively studied as the preferred strain. This preference is due to its ability to grow rapidly in cost-effective media, its robustness for industrial processes, the well-characterized metabolism, and the availability of molecular tools for genetic engineering. This review focuses on the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the production of these sulfur-containing amino acids in E. coli. Additionally, we systematically summarize the metabolic engineering strategies employed to enhance their production, including the identification of new targets, modulation of metabolic fluxes, modification of transport systems, dynamic regulation strategies, and optimization of fermentation conditions. The strategies and design principles discussed in this review hold the potential to facilitate the development of strain and process engineering for direct fermentation of sulfur-containing amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Yingying Guo
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Yizhou Shen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Kun Yang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Xue Cai
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China.
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
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Mori H, Matsui M, Bamba T, Hori Y, Kitamura S, Toya Y, Hidese R, Yasueda H, Hasunuma T, Shimizu H, Taoka N, Kobayashi S. Engineering Escherichia coli for efficient glutathione production. Metab Eng 2024; 84:180-190. [PMID: 38969164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione is a tripeptide of excellent value in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries that is currently produced during yeast fermentation. In this case, glutathione accumulates intracellularly, which hinders high production. Here, we engineered Escherichia coli for the efficient production of glutathione. A total of 4.3 g/L glutathione was produced by overexpressing gshA and gshB, which encode cysteine glutamate ligase and glutathione synthetase, respectively, and most of the glutathione was excreted into the culture medium. Further improvements were achieved by inhibiting degradation (Δggt and ΔpepT); deleting gor (Δgor), which encodes glutathione oxide reductase; attenuating glutathione uptake (ΔyliABCD); and enhancing cysteine production (PompF-cysE). The engineered strain KG06 produced 19.6 g/L glutathione after 48 h of fed-batch fermentation with continuous addition of ammonium sulfate as the sulfur source. We also found that continuous feeding of glycine had a crucial role for effective glutathione production. The results of metabolic flux and metabolomic analyses suggested that the conversion of O-acetylserine to cysteine is the rate-limiting step in glutathione production by KG06. The use of sodium thiosulfate largely overcame this limitation, increasing the glutathione titer to 22.0 g/L, which is, to our knowledge, the highest titer reported to date in the literature. This study is the first report of glutathione fermentation without adding cysteine in E. coli. Our findings provide a great potential of E. coli fermentation process for the industrial production of glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mori
- Agri-Bio Research Center, KANEKA CORPORATION, 1-8, Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan
| | - Misato Matsui
- Agri-Bio Research Center, KANEKA CORPORATION, 1-8, Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan
| | - Takahiro Bamba
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Hori
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kitamura
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Toya
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Hidese
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yasueda
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8550, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoaki Taoka
- Agri-Bio Research Center, KANEKA CORPORATION, 1-8, Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Agri-Bio Research Center, KANEKA CORPORATION, 1-8, Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan.
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Ikei M, Miyazaki R, Monden K, Naito Y, Takeuchi A, Takahashi YS, Tanaka Y, Murata K, Mori T, Ichikawa M, Tsukazaki T. YeeD is an essential partner for YeeE-mediated thiosulfate uptake in bacteria and regulates thiosulfate ion decomposition. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002601. [PMID: 38656967 PMCID: PMC11073785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Uptake of thiosulfate ions as an inorganic sulfur source from the environment is important for bacterial sulfur assimilation. Recently, a selective thiosulfate uptake pathway involving a membrane protein YeeE (TsuA) in Escherichia coli was characterized. YeeE-like proteins are conserved in some bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. However, the precise function of YeeE, along with its potential partner protein in the thiosulfate ion uptake pathway, remained unclear. Here, we assessed selective thiosulfate transport via Spirochaeta thermophila YeeE in vitro and characterized E. coli YeeD (TsuB) as an adjacent and essential protein for YeeE-mediated thiosulfate uptake in vivo. We further showed that S. thermophila YeeD possesses thiosulfate decomposition activity and that a conserved cysteine in YeeD was modified to several forms in the presence of thiosulfate. Finally, the crystal structures of S. thermophila YeeE-YeeD fusion proteins at 3.34-Å and 2.60-Å resolutions revealed their interactions. The association was evaluated by a binding assay using purified S. thermophila YeeE and YeeD. Based on these results, a model of the sophisticated uptake of thiosulfate ions by YeeE and YeeD is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ikei
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryoji Miyazaki
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Monden
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yusuke Naito
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Azusa Takeuchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yutaro S Takahashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tanaka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Keina Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaharu Mori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Ichikawa
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tomoya Tsukazaki
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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9
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Harting C, Teleki A, Braakmann M, Jankowitsch F, Takors R. Systemic intracellular analysis for balancing complex biosynthesis in a transcriptionally deregulated Escherichia coli l-Methionine producer. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14433. [PMID: 38528766 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
l-Methionine (l-Met) has gained remarkable interest due to its multifaceted and versatile applications in the fields of nutrition, pharmaceuticals and clinical practice. In this study, the fluxes of the challenging l-Met biosynthesis in the producer strain Escherichia coli (E. coli) DM2853 were fine-tuned to enable improved l-Met production. The potential bottlenecks identified in sulfur assimilation and l-Met synthesis downstream of O-succinyl-l-homoserine (OSHS) were addressed by overexpressing glutaredoxin 1 (grxA), thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (pspE) and O-succinylhomoserine lyase (metB). Although deemed as a straightforward target for improving glucose-to-Met conversion, the yields remained at approximately 12%-13% (g/g). Instead, intracellular l-Met pools increased by up to four-fold with accelerated kinetics. Overexpression of the Met exporter ygaZH may serve as a proper valve for releasing the rising internal Met pressure. Interestingly, the export kinetics revealed maximum saturated export rates already at low growth rates. This scenario is particularly advantageous for large-scale fermentation when product formation is ideally uncoupled from biomass formation to achieve maximum performance within the technical limits of large-scale bioreactors.
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10
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Iizuka R, Hattori S, Kosaka Y, Masaki Y, Kawano Y, Ohtsu I, Hibbett D, Katayama Y, Yoshida M. Sulfur assimilation using gaseous carbonyl sulfide by the soil fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0201523. [PMID: 38299812 PMCID: PMC10880591 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02015-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungi have the capacity to assimilate a diverse range of both inorganic and organic sulfur compounds. It has been recognized that all sulfur sources taken up by fungi are in soluble forms. In this study, we present evidence that fungi can utilize gaseous carbonyl sulfide (COS) for the assimilation of a sulfur compound. We found that the filamentous fungus Trichoderma harzianum strain THIF08, which has constitutively high COS-degrading activity, was able to grow with COS as the sole sulfur source. Cultivation with 34S-labeled COS revealed that sulfur atom from COS was incorporated into intracellular metabolites such as glutathione and ergothioneine. COS degradation by strain THIF08, in which as much of the moisture derived from the agar medium as possible was removed, indicated that gaseous COS was taken up directly into the cell. Escherichia coli transformed with a COS hydrolase (COSase) gene, which is clade D of the β-class carbonic anhydrase subfamily enzyme with high specificity for COS but low activity for CO2 hydration, showed that the COSase is involved in COS assimilation. Comparison of sulfur metabolites of strain THIF08 revealed a higher relative abundance of reduced sulfur compounds under the COS-supplemented condition than the sulfate-supplemented condition, suggesting that sulfur assimilation is more energetically efficient with COS than with sulfate because there is no redox change of sulfur. Phylogenetic analysis of the genes encoding COSase, which are distributed in a wide range of fungal taxa, suggests that the common ancestor of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota acquired COSase at about 790-670 Ma.IMPORTANCEThe biological assimilation of gaseous CO2 and N2 involves essential processes known as carbon fixation and nitrogen fixation, respectively. In this study, we found that the fungus Trichoderma harzianum strain THIF08 can grow with gaseous carbonyl sulfide (COS), the most abundant and ubiquitous gaseous sulfur compound, as a sulfur source. When the fungus grew in these conditions, COS was assimilated into sulfur metabolites, and the key enzyme of this assimilation process is COS hydrolase (COSase), which specifically degrades COS. Moreover, the pathway was more energy efficient than the typical sulfate assimilation pathway. COSase genes are widely distributed in Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota and also occur in some Chytridiomycota, indicating that COS assimilation is widespread in fungi. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that the acquisition of COSase in filamentous fungi was estimated to have occurred at about 790-670 Ma, around the time that filamentous fungi transitioned to a terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuka Iizuka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Hattori
- International Center for Isotope Effects Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yusuke Kosaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Masaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Euglena Co., Ltd., Minato‑ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Euglena Co., Ltd., Minato‑ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Hibbett
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoko Katayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Independent Administrative Institution, Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Taito-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Caballero Cerbon DA, Gebhard L, Dokuyucu R, Ertl T, Härtl S, Mazhar A, Weuster-Botz D. Challenges and Advances in the Bioproduction of L-Cysteine. Molecules 2024; 29:486. [PMID: 38257399 PMCID: PMC10821248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
L-cysteine is a proteogenic amino acid with many applications in the pharmaceutical, food, animal feed, and cosmetic industries. Due to safety and environmental issues in extracting L-cysteine from animal hair and feathers, the fermentative production of L-cysteine offers an attractive alternative using renewable feedstocks. Strategies to improve microbial production hosts like Pantoea ananatis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Pseudomonas sp., and Escherichia coli are summarized. Concerning the metabolic engineering strategies, the overexpression of feedback inhibition-insensitive L-serine O-acetyltransferase and weakening the degradation of L-cysteine through the removal of L-cysteine desulfhydrases are crucial adjustments. The overexpression of L-cysteine exporters is vital to overcome the toxicity caused by intracellular accumulating L-cysteine. In addition, we compiled the process engineering aspects for the bioproduction of L-cysteine. Utilizing the energy-efficient sulfur assimilation pathway via thiosulfate, fermenting cheap carbon sources, designing scalable, fed-batch processes with individual feedings of carbon and sulfur sources, and implementing efficient purification techniques are essential for the fermentative production of L-cysteine on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alejandro Caballero Cerbon
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Leon Gebhard
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ruveyda Dokuyucu
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, D-94315 Straubing, Germany; (R.D.); (T.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Theresa Ertl
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, D-94315 Straubing, Germany; (R.D.); (T.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Sophia Härtl
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, D-94315 Straubing, Germany; (R.D.); (T.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Ayesha Mazhar
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, D-94315 Straubing, Germany; (R.D.); (T.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany;
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12
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Li Y, Yan Y, Chen J, Zhang Z, Hu W. Enhancement effect of l-cysteine on lactic acid fermentation production. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300110. [PMID: 37533375 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental stress resistance is still a bottleneck for economical process for l-lactic acid fermentation. Chronological lifespan (CLS) extension has represented a promising strategy for improving stress resistance of microbial cell factories. MAIN METHODS AND MAJOR RESULTS In this study, addition of anti-aging drug cysteine, a kind of extending CLS of microbial cell factories, was systematically evaluated on cell viability and l-lactic acid production in Bacillus coagulans CICC 23843. The results revealed that 16 mm l-cysteine supplement significantly improved l-lactic acid titer in B. coagulans. The enhanced total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and key enzymes activities involving in glycolytic pathway as well as differentially expressed genes involved in cysteine synthesize and cysteine precursor synthesize pathways, and fatty acid degradation pathway may help to further understand the relative mechanism of l-cysteine effect on improving l-lactic acid accumulation. Finally, based on 16 mm l-cysteine supplement, a final l-lactic acid titer of 130.5 g L-1 with l-lactic acid productivity of 4.07 g L-1 h-1 and the conversion rate of 0.94 g g-1 total sugar was achieved in a 5 L bioreactor. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study provided a valuable option for engineering lactic acid bacteria lifespan for enhancement of lactic acid yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongda Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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13
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Maurya S, Arya CK, Parmar N, Sathyanarayanan N, Joshi CG, Ramanathan G. Genomic profiling and characteristics of a C1 degrading heterotrophic fresh-water bacterium Paracoccus sp. strain DMF. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:6. [PMID: 38015256 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Paracoccus species are metabolically versatile gram-negative, aerobic facultative methylotrophic bacteria showing enormous promise for environmental and bioremediation studies. Here we report, the complete genome analysis of Paracoccus sp. strain DMF (P. DMF) that was isolated from a domestic wastewater treatment plant in Kanpur, India (26.4287 °N, 80.3891 °E) based on its ability to degrade a recalcitrant organic solvent N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The results reveal a genome size of 4,202,269 base pairs (bp) with a G + C content of 67.9%. The assembled genome comprises 4141 coding sequences (CDS), 46 RNA sequences, and 2 CRISPRs. Interestingly, catabolic operons related to the conventional marine-based methylated amines (MAs) degradation pathway were functionally annotated within the genome of an obligated aerobic heterotroph that is P. DMF. The genomic data-based characterization presented here for the novel heterotroph P. DMF aims to improve the understanding of the phenotypic gene products, enzymes, and pathways involved with greater emphasis on facultative methylotrophic motility-based latent pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwangi Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Chetan Kumar Arya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Nidhi Parmar
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 011, India
| | - Nitish Sathyanarayanan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 011, India
| | - Gurunath Ramanathan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India.
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Liu S, Xue R, Qin W, Yang X, Ye Q, Wu Q. Performance and transcriptome analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis PT 30 under persistent desiccation stress: Cultured by lawn and broth methods. Food Microbiol 2023; 115:104323. [PMID: 37567618 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Lawn-harvest method uses a solid medium (e.g., tryptic soy agar, TSA) to produce bacterial lawns and is widely accepted for the culture of microorganisms in microbial studies of low-moisture foods (LMFs, foods with water activity less than 0.85). It produces desiccation-tolerant cells with higher D-values in LMFs; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial resistance. Salmonella enterica Enteritidis PT 30 (S. Enteritidis), the most pertinent pathogen in LMFs, was cultured in TSA and tryptic soy broth (TSB). Cells were harvested and inoculated on filter papers to assess their performance under a relative humidity of 32 ± 2%. Transcriptome analysis of cultured cells during long-term desiccation (24, 72, and 168 h) was conducted in TruSeq PE Cluster Kit (Illumina) by paired-end methods. Lawn-cultured S. Enteritidis cells have stronger survivability (only decreased by 0.78 ± 0.12 log after 130 d of storage) and heat tolerance (higher D/β value) than those from the broth method. More desiccation genes of lawn-cultured cells were significantly upregulated from growth to long-term desiccation. Differentially expressed genes were the most enriched in the ribosome and sulfur metabolism pathways in the lawn- and broth-cultured groups. This study tracked the transcriptomic differences between two cultured groups in response to long-term desiccation stress and revealed some molecular mechanisms underlying their different suitability in microbial studies of LMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Ruimin Xue
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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15
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Du H, Qi Y, Qiao J, Li L, Xu N, Shao L, Wei L, Liu J. Balancing Redox Homeostasis to Improve l-Cysteine Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13848-13856. [PMID: 37669547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
l-Cysteine is a valuable sulfur-containing amino acid with applications across a wide range of fields. Recently, microbial fermentation has emerged as a method to produce l-cysteine. However, cellular redox stress from high levels of l-cysteine is a bottleneck for achieving efficient production. In this study, we aimed to facilitate l-cysteine biosynthesis by modulating cellular redox homeostasis through the introduction of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in Corynebacterium glutamicum. To achieve this, we first introduced an exogenous astaxanthin synthesis module in C. glutamicum. Then, an l-cysteine-dependent autonomous bifunctional genetic switch was developed to dynamically regulate the l-cysteine and astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. This regulation system achieved high biosynthesis of astaxanthin, which significantly facilitated l-cysteine production. Finally, engineered strain Cg-10 produced 8.45 g/L l-cysteine and 95 mg/L astaxanthin in a 5 L bioreactor, both of which are the highest reported levels in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanmin Du
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Qi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinfang Qiao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lingcong Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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16
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Yang H, Zhang B, Wu ZD, Chen LF, Pan JY, Xiu XL, Cai X, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Combinatorial Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Enhanced L-Cysteine Production: Insights into Crucial Regulatory Modes and Optimization of Carbon-Sulfur Metabolism and Cofactor Availability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13409-13418. [PMID: 37639615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microbial production of valuable compounds can be enhanced by various metabolic strategies. This study proposed combinatorial metabolic engineering to develop an effective Escherichia coli cell factory dedicated to L-cysteine production. First, the crucial regulatory modes that control L-cysteine levels were investigated to guide metabolic modifications. A two-stage fermentation was achieved by employing multi-copy gene expression, improving the balance between production and growth. Subsequently, carbon flux distribution was further optimized by modifying the C1 unit metabolism and the glycolytic pathway. The modifications of sulfur assimilation demonstrated superior performance of thiosulfate utilization pathways in enhancing L-cysteine titer. Furthermore, the studies focusing on cofactor availability and preference emphasized the vital role of synergistic enhancement of sulfur-carbon metabolism in L-cysteine overproduction. In a 5 L bioreactor, the strain BW15-3/pED accumulated 12.6 g/L of L-cysteine. This work presented an effective metabolic engineering strategy for the development of L-cysteine-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Dan Wu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Li-Feng Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yuan Pan
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xiu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xue Cai
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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17
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Yu M, Tang Y, Lu L, Kong W, Ye J. CysB Is a Key Regulator of the Antifungal Activity of Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK-SH007. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098067. [PMID: 37175772 PMCID: PMC10179380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK-SH007 can effectively control poplar canker caused by pathogenic fungi. Its antifungal mechanism remains to be explored. Here, we characterized the functional role of CysB in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007. This protein was shown to be responsible for the synthesis of cysteine and the siderophore ornibactin, as well as the antifungal activity of B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007. We found that deletion of the cysB gene reduced the antifungal activity and production of the siderophore ornibactin in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007. However, supplementation with cysteine largely restored these two abilities in the mutant. Further global transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the amino acid metabolic pathway was significantly affected and that some sRNAs were significantly upregulated and targeted the iron-sulfur metabolic pathway by TargetRNA2 prediction. Therefore, we suggest that, in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007, CysB can regulate the expression of genes related to Fe-S clusters in the iron-sulfur metabolic pathway to affect the antifungal activity of B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007. These findings provide new insights into the various biological functions regulated by CysB in B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007 and the relationship between iron-sulfur metabolic pathways and fungal inhibitory substances. Additionally, they lay the foundation for further investigation of the main antagonistic substances of B. pyrrocinia JK-SH007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuwei Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lanxiang Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weiliang Kong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianren Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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18
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Zhang B, Yang H, Wu Z, Pan J, Li S, Chen L, Cai X, Liu Z, Zheng Y. Spatiotemporal Gene Expression by a Genetic Circuit for Chemical Production in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:768-779. [PMID: 36821871 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression in spatiotemporal distribution improves the ability of cells to respond to changing environments. For microbial cell factories in artificial environments, reconstruction of the target compound's biosynthetic pathway in a new spatiotemporal dimension/scale promotes the production of chemicals. Here, a genetic circuit based on the Esa quorum sensing and lac operon was designed to achieve the dynamic temporal gene expression. Meanwhile, the pathway was regulated by an l-cysteine-specific sensor and relocalized to the plasma membrane for further flux enhancement to l-cysteine and toxicity reduction on a spatial scale. Finally, the integrated spatiotemporal regulation circuit for l-cysteine biosynthesis enabled a 14.16 g/L l-cysteine yield in Escherichia coli. Furthermore, this spatiotemporal regulation circuit was also applied in our previously constructed engineered strain for pantothenic acid, methionine, homoserine, and 2-aminobutyric acid production, and the titer increased by 29, 33, 28, and 41%, respectively. These results highlighted the applicability of our spatiotemporal regulation circuit to enhance the performance of microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zidan Wu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jiayuan Pan
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shirong Li
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xue Cai
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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19
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NMR study of thiosulfate-assisted oxidation of L-cysteine. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Han S, Li Y, Gao H. Generation and Physiology of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Sulfur Species in Bacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122487. [PMID: 36552695 PMCID: PMC9774590 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is not only one of the most abundant elements on the Earth, but it is also essential to all living organisms. As life likely began and evolved in a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-rich environment, sulfur metabolism represents an early form of energy generation via various reactions in prokaryotes and has driven the sulfur biogeochemical cycle since. It has long been known that H2S is toxic to cells at high concentrations, but now this gaseous molecule, at the physiological level, is recognized as a signaling molecule and a regulator of critical biological processes. Recently, many metabolites of H2S, collectively called reactive sulfur species (RSS), have been gradually appreciated as having similar or divergent regulatory roles compared with H2S in living organisms, especially mammals. In prokaryotes, even in bacteria, investigations into generation and physiology of RSS remain preliminary and an understanding of the relevant biological processes is still in its infancy. Despite this, recent and exciting advances in the fields are many. Here, we discuss abiotic and biotic generation of H2S/RSS, sulfur-transforming enzymes and their functioning mechanisms, and their physiological roles as well as the sensing and regulation of H2S/RSS.
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21
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Huang LH, Li XJ, Wang YT, Jia SR, Xin B, Zhong C. Enhancing bacterial cellulose production with hypoxia-inducible factors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7099-7112. [PMID: 36184690 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Komagataeibacter xylinus is an aerobic strain that produces bacterial cellulose (BC). Oxygen levels play a critical role in regulating BC synthesis in K. xylinus, and an increase in oxygen tension generally means a decrease in BC production. Fumarate nitrate reduction protein (FNR) and aerobic respiration control protein A (ArcA) are hypoxia-inducible factors, which can signal whether oxygen is present in the environment. In this study, FNR and ArcA were used to enhance the efficiency of oxygen signaling in K. xylinus, and globally regulate the transcription of the genome to cope with hypoxic conditions, with the goal of improving growth and BC production. FNR and ArcA were individually overexpressed in K. xylinus, and the engineered strains were cultivated under different oxygen tensions to explore how their overexpression affects cellular metabolism and regulation. Although FNR overexpression did not improve BC production, ArcA overexpression increased BC production by 24.0% and 37.5% as compared to the control under oxygen tensions of 15% and 40%, respectively. Transcriptome analysis showed that FNR and ArcA overexpression changed the way K. xylinus coped with oxygen tension changes, and that both FNR and ArcA overexpression enhanced the BC synthesis pathway. The results of this study provide a new perspective on the effect of oxygen signaling on growth and BC production in K. xylinus and suggest a promising strategy for enhancing BC production through metabolic engineering. KEY POINTS: • K. xylinus BC production increased after overexpression of ArcA • The young's modulus is enhanced by the ArcA overexpression • ArcA and FNR overexpression changed how cells coped with changes in oxygen tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition & Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Pregnon G, Minton NP, Soucaille P. Genome Sequence of Eubacterium limosum B2 and Evolution for Growth on a Mineral Medium with Methanol and CO2 as Sole Carbon Sources. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091790. [PMID: 36144392 PMCID: PMC9503626 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eubacterium limosum is an acetogen that can produce butyrate along with acetate as the main fermentation end-product from methanol, a promising C1 feedstock. Although physiological characterization of E. limosum B2 during methylotrophy was previously performed, the strain was cultured in a semi-defined medium, limiting the scope for further metabolic insights. Here, we sequenced the complete genome of the native strain and performed adaptive laboratory evolution to sustain growth on methanol mineral medium. The evolved population significantly improved its maximal growth rate by 3.45-fold. Furthermore, three clones from the evolved population were isolated on methanol mineral medium without cysteine by the addition of sodium thiosulfate. To identify mutations related to growth improvement, the whole genomes of wild-type E. limosum B2, the 10th, 25th, 50th, and 75th generations, and the three clones were sequenced. We explored the total proteomes of the native and the best evolved clone (n°2) and noticed significant differences in proteins involved in gluconeogenesis, anaplerotic reactions, and sulphate metabolism. Furthermore, a homologous recombination was found in subunit S of the type I restriction-modification system between both strains, changing the structure of the subunit, its sequence recognition and the methylome of the evolved clone. Taken together, the genomic, proteomic and methylomic data suggest a possible epigenetic mechanism of metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pregnon
- INSA, UPS, INP, Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Nigel P. Minton
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, University Park, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philippe Soucaille
- INSA, UPS, INP, Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, University Park, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-561-559-452
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23
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Nishikawa M, Noda S, Henmi K, Ogawa K. Sulphate repression of ssuD-dependent alkanesulphonate-sulphur assimilation in Escherichia coli. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35704379 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli cells utilize alkanesulphonates including taurine as the sulphur source. We previously reported that when E. coli cells carrying a double deletion in tauD and cysN were inoculated into a taurine-containing minimal medium, they started to grow only after long-term incubation (Nishikawa et al. 2018, Microbiology 164: 1446-1456). We show here that cells that can induce ssuD-dependent alkanesulphonate-sulphur assimilation (SASSA) are essentially rare, but suppressors that can induce SASSA appear during long-term incubation. Mutant cells carrying ΔtauD and ΔcysN, ΔcysC or ΔcysH generated suppressor cells that can induce SASSA at a frequency of about 10-6 in a population. Whereas ΔtauD ΔcysN cells without prior SASSA did not express ssuD even when necessary, the cells with prior SASSA properly expressed ssuD. Whole-genome DNA sequencing of a clone isolated from ΔtauD ΔcysN cells with prior SASSA revealed that the influx of sulphate or thiosulphate may be related to the regulation of SASSA. To clarify whether sulphate or thiosulphate affects the induction of SASSA, the effect of mutations in sbp and cysP, which are responsible for sulphate and thiosulphate uptake with different preferences for substrates, was examined. Only the ΔtauD ΔcysN Δsbp mutant did not show repression of SASSA when no sulphate was added to the medium. When the concentration of the sulphate added was over 10 μM, the Δsbp mutant showed repression of SASSA. Therefore, it was considered that the influx of extracellular sulphate resulted in repression of SASSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Nishikawa
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences Okayama (RIBS Okayama), Okayama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Noda
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences Okayama (RIBS Okayama), Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Henmi
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences Okayama (RIBS Okayama), Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken'ichi Ogawa
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences Okayama (RIBS Okayama), Okayama, Japan
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24
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Genome analysis of Pseudomonas sp. 14A reveals metabolic capabilities to support epiphytic behavior. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:49. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Genetic Determinants of Stress Resistance in Desiccated Salmonella enterica. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0168321. [PMID: 34586905 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01683-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric pathogens, including Salmonella, are capable of long-term survival after desiccation and resist heat treatments that are lethal to hydrated cells. The mechanisms of dry-heat resistance differ from those of wet-heat resistance. To elucidate the mechanisms of dry-heat resistance in Salmonella, screening of the dry-heat resistance of 108 Salmonella strains, representing 39 serotypes, identified the 22 most resistant and the 8 most sensitive strains for comparative genome analysis. A total of 289 genes of the accessory genome were differently distributed between resistant and sensitive strains. Among these genes, 28 proteins with a putative relationship to stress resistance were selected for to quantify relative gene expression before and after desiccation and expression by solid-state cultures on agar plates relative to cultures growing in liquid culture media. Of these 28 genes, 15 genes were upregulated (P < 0.05) after desiccation or by solid-state cultures on agar plates. These 15 genes were cloned into the low-copy-number vector pRK767 under the control of the lacZ promoter. The expression of 6 of these 15 genes increased (P < 0.05) resistance to dry heat and to treatment with pressure of 500 MPa. Our finding extends the knowledge of mechanisms of stress resistance in desiccated Salmonella to improve control of this bacterium in dry food. IMPORTANCE This study directly targeted an increasing threat to food safety and developed knowledge and targeted strategies that can be used by the food industry to help reduce the risk of foodborne illness in their dry products and thereby reduce the overall burden of foodborne illness. Genomic and physiological analyses have elucidated mechanisms of bacterial resistance to many food preservation technologies, including heat, pressure, disinfection chemicals, and UV light; however, information on bacterial mechanisms of resistance to dry heat is scarce. Mechanisms of tolerance to desiccation likely also contribute to resistance to dry heat, but this assumption has not been verified experimentally. It remains unclear how mechanisms of resistance to wet heat relate to dry-heat resistance. Thus, this study will fill a knowledge gap to improve the safety of dry foods.
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26
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Imura M, Etoh S, Iwakiri R, Okano K, Honda K. Improvement of production yield of l-cysteine through in vitro metabolic pathway with thermophilic enzymes. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:585-591. [PMID: 34600806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The demand for the amino acid l-cysteine is increasing in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Conventionally, the commercial production of l-cysteine is achieved by its extraction from the acid hydrolysate of hair and feathers. However, this production method is associated with the release of environmentally hazardous wastewater. Additionally, l-cysteine produced from animal sources cannot be halal-certified, which limits the market size. Although recent studies have developed an alternative commercial l-cysteine production method based on microbial fermentation, the production yield was insufficient owing to the cytotoxicity of l-cysteine against the host cells. In a previous study, we had developed an in vitrol-cysteine production method with a combination of 11 thermophilic enzymes, which yielded 10.5 mM l-cysteine from 20 mM glucose. In this study, we performed re-screening for enzymes catalyzing the rate-limiting steps of the in vitro pathway. Subsequently, the genes encoding enzymes necessary for the in vitro synthesis of l-cysteine were assembled in an expression vector and co-expressed in a single strain. To prevent the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is a byproduct and inhibits the enzyme activity, the redox balance in this biosynthetic pathway was maintained by replacing the H2O2-forming NADH oxidase with another enzymatic reaction in which pyruvate was used as a sacrificial substrate. The re-designed in vitro synthetic pathway resulted in the production of 28.2 mM l-cysteine from 20 mM glucose with a molar yield of 70.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Imura
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, 1-6 Higashihama, Saiki, Oita 876-8580, Japan
| | - Shinichi Etoh
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, 1-6 Higashihama, Saiki, Oita 876-8580, Japan
| | - Ryo Iwakiri
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, 1-6 Higashihama, Saiki, Oita 876-8580, Japan
| | - Kenji Okano
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Honda
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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27
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Vallée Y, Youssef-Saliba S. Sulfur Amino Acids: From Prebiotic Chemistry to Biology and Vice Versa. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1472-7914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo sulfur-containing amino acids are included in the list of the 20 classical protein amino acids. A methionine residue is introduced at the start of the synthesis of all current proteins. Cysteine, thanks to its thiol function, plays an essential role in a very large number of catalytic sites. Here we present what is known about the prebiotic synthesis of these two amino acids and homocysteine, and we discuss their introduction into primitive peptides and more elaborate proteins.1 Introduction2 Sulfur Sources3 Prebiotic Synthesis of Cysteine4 Prebiotic Synthesis of Methionine5 Homocysteine and Its Thiolactone6 Methionine and Cystine in Proteins7 Prebiotic Scenarios Using Sulfur Amino Acids8 Introduction of Cys and Met in the Genetic Code9 Conclusion
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28
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Morigasaki S, Umeyama A, Kawano Y, Aizawa Y, Ohtsu I. Defect of RNA pyrophosphohydrolase RppH enhances fermentative production of L-cysteine in Escherichia coli. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2021; 66:307-314. [PMID: 32779574 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fermentative production of L-cysteine has been established using Escherichia coli. In that procedure, thiosulfate is a beneficial sulfur source, whereas repressing sulfate utilization. We first found that thiosulfate decreased transcript levels of genes related to sulfur assimilation, particularly whose expression is controlled by the transcription factor CysB. Therefore, a novel approach, i.e. increment of expression of genes involved in sulfur-assimilation, was attempted for further improvement of L-cysteine overproduction. Disruption of the rppH gene significantly augmented transcript levels of the cysD, cysJ, cysM and yeeE genes (≥1.5-times) in medium containing sulfate as a sole sulfur source, probably because the rppH gene encodes mRNA pyrophosphohydrolase that triggers degradation of certain mRNAs. In addition, the ΔrppH strain appeared to preferentially uptake thiosulfate rather than sulfate, though thiosulfate dramatically reduced expression of the known sulfate/thiosulfate transporter complexes in both ΔrppH and wild-type cells. We also found that both YeeE and YeeD are required for the strain without the transporters to grow in the presence of thiosulfate as a sole sulfur source. Therefore, yeeE and yeeD are assigned as genes responsible for thiosulfate uptake (tsuA and tsuB, respectively). In final, we applied the ΔrppH strain to the fermentative production of L-cysteine. Disruption of the rppH gene enhanced L-cysteine biosynthesis, as a result, a strain producing approximately twice as much L-cysteine as the control strain was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Morigasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | | | - Yusuke Kawano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | | | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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29
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Liu H, Wang Y, Hou Y, Li Z. Fitness of Chassis Cells and Metabolic Pathways for l-Cysteine Overproduction in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14928-14937. [PMID: 33264003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
l-Cysteine is a ubiquitous and unique sulfur-containing amino acid with numerous applications in agricultural and food industries. The efficient production of l-cysteine via microbial fermentation has received a great deal of attention. In this study, the fitness of different Escherichia coli K-12 strains harboring plasmid pLH03 was investigated. The enhancement of the precursor synthetic pathway and thiosulfate assimilation pathway resulted in the good performance of the E. coli BW25113 strain. The expression levels of synthetic pathway genes were optimized by two constitutive promoters to assess their effects on cysteine production. In conjunction, the main degradation pathway genes were also deleted for more efficient production of cysteine. l-Cysteine production was further increased through the manipulation of the sulfur transcription regulator cysB and sulfur supplementation. After process optimization in a 1.5 L bioreactor, LH2A1M0BΔYTS-pLH03 [BW25113 Ptrc2-serA Ptrc1-cysMPtrc-cysBΔyhaMΔtnaAΔsdaA-(pLH03)] accumulated 8.34 g/L cysteine, laying a foundation for application in the cysteine fermentation industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yehua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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30
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Du W, Li G, Ho N, Jenkins L, Hockaday D, Tan J, Cao H. CyanoPATH: a knowledgebase of genome-scale functional repertoire for toxic cyanobacterial blooms. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:6035272. [PMID: 33320930 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CyanoPATH is a database that curates and analyzes the common genomic functional repertoire for cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in eutrophic waters. Based on the literature of empirical studies and genome/protein databases, it summarizes four types of information: common biological functions (pathways) driving CyanoHABs, customized pathway maps, classification of blooming type based on databases and the genomes of cyanobacteria. A total of 19 pathways are reconstructed, which are involved in the utilization of macronutrients (e.g. carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur), micronutrients (e.g. zinc, magnesium, iron, etc.) and other resources (e.g. light and vitamins) and in stress resistance (e.g. lead and copper). These pathways, comprised of both transport and biochemical reactions, are reconstructed with proteins from NCBI and reactions from KEGG and visualized with self-created transport/reaction maps. The pathways are hierarchical and consist of subpathways, protein/enzyme complexes and constituent proteins. New cyanobacterial genomes can be annotated and visualized for these pathways and compared with existing species. This set of genomic functional repertoire is useful in analyzing aquatic metagenomes and metatranscriptomes in CyanoHAB research. Most importantly, it establishes a link between genome and ecology. All these reference proteins, pathways and maps and genomes are free to download at http://www.csbg-jlu.info/CyanoPATH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas Ho
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics at Arizona State University
| | - Landon Jenkins
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics at Arizona State University
| | - Drew Hockaday
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics at Arizona State University
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31
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Burin R, Shah DH. Global transcriptional profiling of tyramine and d-glucuronic acid catabolism in Salmonella. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151452. [PMID: 33091748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella has evolved various metabolic pathways to scavenge energy from the metabolic byproducts of the host gut microbiota, however, the precise metabolic byproducts and pathways utilized by Salmonella remain elusive. Previously we reported that Salmonella can proliferate by deriving energy from two metabolites that naturally occur in the host as gut microbial metabolic byproducts, namely, tyramine (TYR, an aromatic amine) and d-glucuronic acid (DGA, a hexuronic acid). Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 13 (SPI-13) plays a critical role in the ability of Salmonella to derive energy from TYR and DGA, however the catabolic pathways of these two micronutrients in Salmonella are poorly defined. The objective of this study was to identify the specific genetic components and construct the regulatory circuits for the TYR and DGA catabolic pathways in Salmonella. To accomplish this, we employed TYR and DGA-induced global transcriptional profiling and gene functional network analysis approaches. We report that TYR induced differential expression of 319 genes (172 up-regulated and 157 down-regulated) when Salmonella was grown in the presence of TYR as a sole energy source. These included the genes originally predicted to be involved in the classical TYR catabolic pathway. TYR also induced expression of majority of genes involved in the acetaldehyde degradation pathway and aided identification of a few new genes that are likely involved in alternative pathway for TYR catabolism. In contrast, DGA induced differential expression of 71 genes (58 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated) when Salmonella was grown in the presence of DGA as a sole energy source. These included the genes originally predicted to be involved in the classical pathway and a few new genes likely involved in the alternative pathway for DGA catabolism. Interestingly, DGA also induced expression of SPI-2 T3SS, suggesting that DGA may also influence nutritional virulence of Salmonella. In summary, this is the first report describing the global transcriptional profiling of TYR and DGA catabolic pathways of Salmonella. This study will contribute to the better understanding of the role of TYR and DGA in metabolic adaptation and virulence of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Burin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, United States
| | - Devendra H Shah
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, United States; Paul Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, United States.
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32
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Tanaka Y, Yoshikaie K, Takeuchi A, Ichikawa M, Mori T, Uchino S, Sugano Y, Hakoshima T, Takagi H, Nonaka G, Tsukazaki T. Crystal structure of a YeeE/YedE family protein engaged in thiosulfate uptake. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba7637. [PMID: 32923628 PMCID: PMC7449682 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba7637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that a bacterial membrane protein, YeeE, mediates thiosulfate uptake. Thiosulfate is used for cysteine synthesis in bacteria as an inorganic sulfur source in the global biological sulfur cycle. The crystal structure of YeeE at 2.5-Å resolution reveals an unprecedented hourglass-like architecture with thiosulfate in the positively charged outer concave side. YeeE is composed of loops and 13 helices including 9 transmembrane α helices, most of which show an intramolecular pseudo 222 symmetry. Four characteristic loops are buried toward the center of YeeE and form its central region surrounded by the nine helices. Additional electron density maps and successive molecular dynamics simulations imply that thiosulfate can remain temporally at several positions in the proposed pathway. We propose a plausible mechanism of thiosulfate uptake via three important conserved cysteine residues of the loops along the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Tanaka
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | | | - Azusa Takeuchi
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Mori
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Sayaka Uchino
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sugano
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Toshio Hakoshima
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Gen Nonaka
- Ajinomoto-Genetika Research Institute, Moscow 117545, Russia
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tsukazaki
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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33
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Liu H, Hou Y, Wang Y, Li Z. Enhancement of Sulfur Conversion Rate in the Production of l-Cysteine by Engineered Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:250-257. [PMID: 31823602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine is a commercially important sulfur-containing amino acid widely used as a supplement in the agricultural and food industries. It is extremely desirable to achieve a high sulfur conversion rate in the fermentation-based cysteine production. Here, the metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli was performed to enhance the sulfur conversion rate in cysteine biosynthesis. Accordingly, the reduction of sulfur loss by the regulator decR and its yhaOM operons were deleted. serACB was integrated into chromosome with constitutive promoter to coordinately increase sulfur utilization. The sulfur assimilation pathways and sulfur transcriptional regulator cysB were overexpressed to regulate sulfur metabolism and enhance sulfur conversion significantly. After the process optimization in fed-batch fermentation, LH16 [SLH02 ΔyhaM Ptrc1-serACB-cysM-nrdH-(pLH03, pTrc99a-cysB)] produced 7.5 g/L of cysteine with a sulfur conversion rate of 90.11%. These results indicate that cysteine production by LH16 is a valuable process in the agricultural and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yehua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
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34
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Liu W, Zhu X, Lian J, Huang L, Xu Z. Efficient production of glutathione with multi-pathway engineering in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1685-1695. [PMID: 31420796 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione is a bioactive tripeptide composed of glycine, L-cysteine, and L-glutamate, and has been widely used in pharmaceutical, food, and healthy products. The current metabolic studies of glutathione were mainly focused on the native producing strains with precursor amino acid supplementation. In the present work, Corynebacterium glutamicum, a workhorse for industrial production of a series of amino acids, was engineered to produce glutathione. First, the introduction of glutathione synthetase gene gshF from Streptococcus agalactiae fulfilled the ability of glutathione production in C. glutamicum and revealed that L-cysteine was the limiting factor. Then, considering the inherent capability of L-glutamate synthesis and the availability of external addition of low-cost glycine, L-cysteine biosynthesis was enhanced using a varieties of pathway engineering methods, such as disrupting the degradation pathways of L-cysteine and L-serine, and removing the repressor responsible for sulfur metabolism. Finally, the simultaneously introduction of gshF and enhancement of cysteine formation enabled C. glutamicum strain to produce glutathione greatly. Without external addition of L-cysteine and L-glutamate, 756 mg/L glutathione was produced. This is first time to demonstrate the potential of the glutathione non-producing strain C. glutamicum for glutathione production and provide a novel strategy to construct glutathione-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Center for Synthetic Biology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,Center for Synthetic Biology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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35
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Nakajima T, Kawano Y, Ohtsu I, Maruyuama-Nakashita A, Allahham A, Sato M, Sawada Y, Hirai MY, Yokoyama T, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. Effects of Thiosulfate as a Sulfur Source on Plant Growth, Metabolites Accumulation and Gene Expression in Arabidopsis and Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1683-1701. [PMID: 31077319 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants are considered to absorb sulfur from their roots in the form of sulfate. In bacteria like Escherichia coli, thiosulfate is a preferred sulfur source. It is converted into cysteine (Cys). This transformation consumes less NADPH and ATP than sulfate assimilation into Cys. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thiosulfate promoted growth more than sulfate. In the present study, the availability of thiosulfate, the metabolite transformations and gene expressions it induces were investigated in Arabidopsis and rice as model dicots and monocots, respectively. In Arabidopsis, the thiosulfate-amended plants had lower biomass than those receiving sulfate when sulfur concentrations in the hydroponic medium were above 300 μM. In contrast, rice biomass was similar for plants raised on thiosulfate and sulfate at 300 μM sulfur. Therefore, both plants can use thiosulfate but it is a better sulfur source for rice. In both plants, thiosulfate levels significantly increased in roots following thiosulfate application, indicating that the plants absorbed thiosulfate into their root cells. Thiosulfate is metabolized in plants by a different pathway from that used for sulfate metabolism. Thiosulfate increases plant sulfide and cysteine persulfide levels which means that plants are in a more reduced state with thiosulfate than with sulfate. The microarray analysis of Arabidopsis roots revealed that 13 genes encoding Cys-rich proteins were upregulated more with thiosulfate than with sulfate. These results together with those of the widely targeted metabolomics analysis were used to proposes a thiosulfate assimilation pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Nakajima
- Graduate school of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Alaa Allahham
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Muneo Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Yokoyama
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Tanaka N, Kawano Y, Satoh Y, Dairi T, Ohtsu I. Gram-scale fermentative production of ergothioneine driven by overproduction of cysteine in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1895. [PMID: 30760790 PMCID: PMC6374457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG), a unique thiol compound, is suggested to function as an antioxidant and cytoprotectant. Despite several recent attempts to produce ERG using various organisms, its yield was still very low and the costs remained high. Since the level of ERG produced depends strictly on the availability of three distinct precursor amino acids (l-cysteine (Cys), l-histidine, and l-methionine (Met)), metabolic engineering for enhancement of the flux toward ERG biosynthesis is required. Herein, we took advantage of a high-Cys production system using Escherichia coli cells, in which Cys biosynthesis and excretion were activated, and applied it to the fermentative production of ERG from glucose. The Cys overproduction in E. coli cells carrying the egtBCDE genes from Mycobacterium smegmatis was effective for ERG production. Furthermore, coexpression of the egtA gene, which encodes γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase that synthesizes the γ-glutamylcysteine used as a sulfur source of ERG biosynthesis, enhanced ERG production even though E. coli intrinsically has γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Additionally, disruption of the metJ gene that encodes the transcriptional repressor involved in Met metabolism was effective in further increasing the production of ERG. Finally, we succeeded in the high-level production of 1.31 g/L ERG in a fed-batch culture process using a jar fermenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Tanaka
- Gradutate of School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawano
- Gradutate of School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Satoh
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 & W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tohru Dairi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 & W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Gradutate of School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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37
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Tanaka N, Hatano T, Saito S, Wakabayashi Y, Abe T, Kawano Y, Ohtsu I. Generation of hydrogen sulfide from sulfur assimilation in Escherichia coli. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2019; 65:234-239. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Tanaka
- Gradutate of School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Tomoyuki Hatano
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick
| | - Soshi Saito
- Technical Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Bio, Ltd
| | | | - Tetsuya Abe
- Technical Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Bio, Ltd
| | - Yusuke Kawano
- Gradutate of School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Gradutate of School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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38
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Wei L, Wang H, Xu N, Zhou W, Ju J, Liu J, Ma Y. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for l-cysteine production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1325-1338. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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The Complete Pathway for Thiosulfate Utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01241-18. [PMID: 30217845 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01241-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to grow with thiosulfate as a sulfur source, and it produces more ethanol when using thiosulfate than using sulfate. Here, we report how it assimilates thiosulfate. S. cerevisiae absorbed thiosulfate into the cell through two sulfate permeases, Sul1 and Sul2. Two rhodaneses, Rdl1 and Rdl2, converted thiosulfate to a persulfide and sulfite. The persulfide was reduced by cellular thiols to H2S, and sulfite was reduced by sulfite reductase to H2S. Cysteine synthase incorporated H2S into O-acetyl-l-homoserine to produce l-homocysteine, which is the precursor for cysteine and methionine in S. cerevisiae Several other rhodaneses replaced Rdl1 and Rdl2 for thiosulfate utilization in the yeast. Thus, any organisms with the sulfate assimilation system potentially could use thiosulfate as a sulfur source, since rhodaneses are common in most organisms.IMPORTANCE The complete pathway of thiosulfate assimilation in baker's yeast is determined. The finding reveals the extensive overlap between sulfate and thiosulfate assimilation. Rhodanese is the only additional enzyme for thiosulfate utilization. The common presence of rhodanese in most organisms, including Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, suggests that most organisms with the sulfate assimilation system also use thiosulfate. Since it takes less energy to reduce thiosulfate than sulfate for assimilation, thiosulfate has the potential to become a choice of sulfur in optimized media for industrial fermentation.
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40
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Ma W, Wang J, Li Y, Wang X. Cysteine synthase A overexpression in Corynebacterium glutamicum enhances l-isoleucine production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 66:74-81. [PMID: 30311712 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine synthase A (CysK) catalyzes the last reaction of l-cysteine synthesis in bacteria, but its moonlighting functions have been revealed recently. In this study, CysK was overexpressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum IWJ001, an l-isoleucine producer. Compared with the control IWJ001/pDXW-8, IWJ001/pDXW-8-cysK cells grew fast during log phase, and produced 26.5% more l-isoleucine in flask fermentation and 23.5% more l-isoleucine in fed-batch fermentation. The key genes aspC, lysC, hom, thrB, ilvA, and ilvBN involved in l-isoleucine biosynthesis were all upregulated in IWJ001/pDXW-8-cysK, compared with IWJ001/pDXW-8. In addition, IWJ001/pDXW-8-cysK cells were longer and thicker than IWJ001/pDXW-8 cells. Compared with IWJ001/pDXW-8, the membrane permeability increased 15.8% and biofilm formation ability decreased 71.3% for IWJ001/pDXW-8-cysK cells. The results demonstrate that CysK overexpression in C. glutamicum is a good approach to enhance l-isoleucine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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41
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Kawano Y, Suzuki K, Ohtsu I. Current understanding of sulfur assimilation metabolism to biosynthesize L-cysteine and recent progress of its fermentative overproduction in microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8203-8211. [PMID: 30046857 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To all organisms, sulfur is an essential and important element. The assimilation of inorganic sulfur molecules such as sulfate and thiosulfate into organic sulfur compounds such as L-cysteine and L-methionine (essential amino acid for human) is largely contributed by microorganisms. Of these, special attention is given to thiosulfate (S2O32-) assimilation, because thiosulfate relative to often utilized sulfate (SO42-) as a sulfur source is proposed to be more advantageous in microbial growth and biotechnological applications like L-cysteine fermentative overproduction toward industrial manufacturing. In Escherichia coli as well as other many bacteria, the thiosulfate assimilation pathway is known to depend on O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase B. Recently, another yet-unidentified CysM-independent thiosulfate pathway was found in E. coli. This pathway is expected to consist of the initial part of the thiosulfate to sulfite (SO32-) conversion, and the latter part might be shared with the final part of the known sulfate assimilation pathway [sulfite → sulfide (S2-) → L-cysteine]. The catalysis of thiosulfate to sulfite is at least partly mediated by thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (GlpE). In this mini-review, we introduce updated comprehensive information about sulfur assimilation in microorganisms, including this topic. Also, we introduce recent advances of the application study about L-cysteine overproduction, including the GlpE overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawano
- Innovation Medical Research Institute, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Euglena Co., Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Innovation Medical Research Institute, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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42
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Liu H, Fang G, Wu H, Li Z, Ye Q. L-Cysteine Production in Escherichia coli Based on Rational Metabolic Engineering and Modular Strategy. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700695. [PMID: 29405609 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
L-cysteine is an amino acid with important physiological functions and has a wide range of applications in medicine, food, animal feed, and cosmetics industry. In this study, the L-cysteine synthesis in Escherichia coliEscherichia coli is divided into four modules: the transport module, sulfur module, precursor module, and degradation module. The engineered strain LH03 (overexpression of the feedback-insensitive cysE and the exporter ydeD in JM109) accumulated 45.8 mg L-1 of L-cysteine in 48 hr with yield of 0.4% g/g glucose. Further modifications of strains and culture conditions which based on the rational metabolic engineering and modular strategy improved the L-cysteine biosynthesis significantly. The engineered strain LH06 (with additional overexpression of serA, serC, and serB and double mutant of tnaA and sdaA in LH03) produced 620.9 mg L-1 of L-cysteine with yield of 6.0% g/g glucose, which increased the production by 12 times and the yield by 14 times more than those of LH03 in the original condition. In fed-batch fermentation performed in a 5-L reactor, the concentration of L-cysteine achieved 5.1 g L-1 in 32 hr. This work demonstrates that the combination of rational metabolic engineering and module strategy is a promising approach for increasing the L-cysteine production in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guochen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Engineering of China National Light Industry Council, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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43
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Yeon JY, Yoo SJ, Takagi H, Kang HA. A Novel Mitochondrial Serine O-Acetyltransferase, OpSAT1, Plays a Critical Role in Sulfur Metabolism in the Thermotolerant Methylotrophic Yeast Ogataea parapolymorpha. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2377. [PMID: 29402922 PMCID: PMC5799214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In most bacteria and plants, direct biosynthesis of cysteine from sulfide via O-acetylserine (OAS) is essential to produce sulfur amino acids from inorganic sulfur. Here, we report the functional analysis of a novel mitochondrial serine O-acetyltransferase (SAT), responsible for converting serine into OAS, in the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Ogataea parapolymorpha. Domain analysis of O. parapolymorpha SAT (OpSat1p) and other fungal SATs revealed that these proteins possess a mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) at the N-terminus and an α/β hydrolase 1 domain at the C-terminal region, which is quite different from the classical SATs of bacteria and plants. Noticeably, OpSat1p is functionally interchangeable with Escherichia coli SAT, CysE, despite that it displays much less enzymatic activity, with marginal feedback inhibition by cysteine, compared to CysE. The Opsat1Δ-null mutant showed remarkably reduced intracellular levels of cysteine and glutathione, implying OAS generation defect. The MTS of OpSat1p directs the mitochondrial targeting of a reporter protein, thus, supporting the localization of OpSat1p in the mitochondria. Intriguingly, the OpSat1p variant lacking MTS restores the OAS auxotrophy, but not the cysteine auxotrophy of the Opsat1Δ mutant strain. This is the first study on a mitochondrial SAT with critical function in sulfur assimilatory metabolism in fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Yeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Su Jin Yoo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea.
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44
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Improved fermentative l-cysteine overproduction by enhancing a newly identified thiosulfate assimilation pathway in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6879-6889. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Joo YC, Hyeon JE, Han SO. Metabolic Design of Corynebacterium glutamicum for Production of l-Cysteine with Consideration of Sulfur-Supplemented Animal Feed. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4698-4707. [PMID: 28560868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
l-Cysteine is a valuable sulfur-containing amino acid widely used as a nutrition supplement in industrial food production, agriculture, and animal feed. However, this amino acid is mostly produced by acid hydrolysis and extraction from human or animal hairs. In this study, we constructed recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum strains that overexpress combinatorial genes for l-cysteine production. The aims of this work were to investigate the effect of the combined overexpression of serine acetyltransferase (CysE), O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (CysK), and the transcriptional regulator CysR on l-cysteine production. The CysR-overexpressing strain accumulated approximately 2.7-fold more intracellular sulfide than the control strain (empty pMT-tac vector). Moreover, in the resulting CysEKR recombinant strain, combinatorial overexpression of genes involved in l-cysteine production successfully enhanced its production by approximately 3.0-fold relative to that in the control strain. This study demonstrates a biotechnological model for the production of animal feed supplements such as l-cysteine using metabolically engineered C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chul Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Hyeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19702, United States
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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46
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Teleki A, Rahnert M, Bungart O, Gann B, Ochrombel I, Takors R. Robust identification of metabolic control for microbial l-methionine production following an easy-to-use puristic approach. Metab Eng 2017; 41:159-172. [PMID: 28389396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The identification of promising metabolic engineering targets is a key issue in metabolic control analysis (MCA). Conventional approaches make intensive use of model-based studies, such as exploiting post-pulse metabolic dynamics after proper perturbation of the microbial system. Here, we present an easy-to-use, purely data-driven approach, defining pool efflux capacities (PEC) for identifying reactions that exert the highest flux control in linear pathways. Comparisons with linlog-based MCA and data-driven substrate elasticities (DDSE) showed that similar key control steps were identified using PEC. Using the example of l-methionine production with recombinant Escherichia coli, PEC consistently and robustly identified main flux controls using perturbation data after a non-labeled 12C-l-serine stimulus. Furthermore, the application of full-labeled 13C-l-serine stimuli yielded additional insights into stimulus propagation to l-methionine. PEC analysis performed on the 13C data set revealed the same targets as the 12C data set. Notably, the typical drawback of metabolome analysis, namely, the omnipresent leakage of metabolites, was excluded using the 13C PEC approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Teleki
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Rahnert
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - O Bungart
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B Gann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - I Ochrombel
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Kantstr. 2, 33790 Halle, Germany
| | - R Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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47
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Yamazaki S, Takei K, Nonaka G. ydjN encodes an S-sulfocysteine transporter required by Escherichia coli for growth on S-sulfocysteine as a sulfur source. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw185. [PMID: 27481704 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential element for growth and many physiological functions. As sulfur sources for Escherichia coli and related bacteria, specific transporters import various sulfur-containing compounds from the environment. In this study, we identified and characterized an alternative function of the cystine transporter YdjN in E. coli as a transporter of S-sulfocysteine, a sulfur-containing intermediate in the assimilatory cysteine biosynthesis that is used as a sulfur source for the growth of E. coli We also demonstrated that the transport of S-sulfocysteine via YdjN depends on the transcriptional regulator CysB, a master regulator that controls most of the genes involved in sulfur assimilation and cysteine metabolism. We found that the use of S-sulfocysteine as a sulfur source depends on glutathione because mutations in glutathione biosynthetic genes abolish growth when S-sulfocysteine is used as a sole sulfur source, thereby supporting the previous findings that the conversion of S-sulfocysteine to cysteine is catalyzed by glutaredoxins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a functional S-sulfocysteine transporter across organisms, which strongly supports the hypothesis that S-sulfocysteine is not only a metabolic intermediate but also a physiologically significant substance in specific natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yamazaki
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Kensuke Takei
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Gen Nonaka
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
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48
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Hecklau C, Pering S, Seibel R, Schnellbaecher A, Wehsling M, Eichhorn T, Hagen JV, Zimmer A. S-Sulfocysteine simplifies fed-batch processes and increases the CHO specific productivity via anti-oxidant activity. J Biotechnol 2016; 218:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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l-Cysteine Metabolism and Fermentation in Microorganisms. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 159:129-151. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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50
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Funahashi E, Saiki K, Honda K, Sugiura Y, Kawano Y, Ohtsu I, Watanabe D, Wakabayashi Y, Abe T, Nakanishi T, Suematsu M, Takagi H. Finding of thiosulfate pathway for synthesis of organic sulfur compounds in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and improvement of ethanol production. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:666-9. [PMID: 26188417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We found that Saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizes thiosulfate as a sole sulfur source. The energetically-favored thiosulfate rather than sulfate as sulfur sources is also more effective for improving growth and ethanol-production rate in S. cerevisiae due to high levels of intracellular NADPH during thiosulfate utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Funahashi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kyohei Saiki
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kurara Honda
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawano
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yukari Wakabayashi
- Technical Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Bio Co. Ltd., 1-1 Kyowa-cho, Hofu, Yamaguchi 747-8522, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Abe
- Technical Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Bio Co. Ltd., 1-1 Kyowa-cho, Hofu, Yamaguchi 747-8522, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakanishi
- MS Business Unit, Shimadzu Co., 1 Nishinokyo, Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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