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Willig JB, de Couto NMG, Vianna DRB, Mariot CDS, Gnoatto SCB, Buffon A, Pilger DA. Betulinic Acid-Brosimine B Hybrid Compound Has a Synergistic Effect with Imatinib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line, Modulating Apoptosis and Autophagy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040586. [PMID: 37111343 PMCID: PMC10142704 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease characterized by the formation of the BCR-ABL (breakpoint cluster region-Abelson) oncoprotein. As many patients display therapeutic resistance, the development of new drugs based on semisynthetic products represents a new potential therapeutic approach for treating the disease. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic activity, possible mechanism of action of a hybrid compound of betulinic acid (BA) and brosimine B in CML cell lines that are sensitive (K-562) and resistant (K-562R) to imatinib, in addition to evaluating lower doses of imatinib in combination with the hybrid compound. The effects of the compound, and its combination with imatinib, on apoptosis, cell cycle, autophagy and oxidative stress were determined. The compound was cytotoxic in K-562 (23.57 ± 2.87 μM) and K-562R (25.80 ± 3.21 μM) cells, and a synergistic effect was observed when it was associated with imatinib. Apoptosis was mediated by the caspase 3 and 9 intrinsic pathway, and cell cycle evaluation showed arrest at G0/G1. In addition, the hybrid compound increased the production of reactive oxygen species and induced autophagy by increasing LC3II and Beclin-1 mRNA levels. Results suggest that this hybrid compound causes the death of both imatinib-sensitive and -resistant cell lines and may hold potential as a new anticancer treatment against CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Biz Willig
- Post-Graduation of Pharmaceutical Science Program, Faculty of Farmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
- Laboratory Biochemical and Cytological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Nádia Miléo Garcês de Couto
- Post-Graduation of Pharmaceutical Science Program, Faculty of Farmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Débora Renz Barreto Vianna
- Post-Graduation of Pharmaceutical Science Program, Faculty of Farmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
- Laboratory Biochemical and Cytological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Camila da Silveira Mariot
- Laboratory Biochemical and Cytological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto
- Post-Graduation of Pharmaceutical Science Program, Faculty of Farmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Andréia Buffon
- Laboratory Biochemical and Cytological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Diogo André Pilger
- Post-Graduation of Pharmaceutical Science Program, Faculty of Farmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
- Laboratory Biochemical and Cytological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
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Oleszek M, Kowalska I, Bertuzzi T, Oleszek W. Phytochemicals Derived from Agricultural Residues and Their Valuable Properties and Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:342. [PMID: 36615534 PMCID: PMC9823944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Billions of tons of agro-industrial residues are produced worldwide. This is associated with the risk of pollution as well as management and economic problems. Simultaneously, non-edible portions of many crops are rich in bioactive compounds with valuable properties. For this reason, developing various methods for utilizing agro-industrial residues as a source of high-value by-products is very important. The main objective of the paper is a review of the newest studies on biologically active compounds included in non-edible parts of crops with the highest amount of waste generated annually in the world. The review also provides the newest data on the chemical and biological properties, as well as the potential application of phytochemicals from such waste. The review shows that, in 2020, there were above 6 billion tonnes of residues only from the most popular crops. The greatest amount is generated during sugar, oil, and flour production. All described residues contain valuable phytochemicals that exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial and very often anti-cancer activity. Many studies show interesting applications, mainly in pharmaceuticals and food production, but also in agriculture and wastewater remediation, as well as metal and steel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Iwona Kowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Terenzio Bertuzzi
- DIANA, Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Potential of Triterpenic Natural Compound Betulinic Acid for Neglected Tropical Diseases New Treatments. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040831. [PMID: 35453582 PMCID: PMC9027248 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases are one of the most important public health problems in many countries around the world. Among them are leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and malaria, which contribute to more than 250 million infections worldwide. There is no validated vaccine to prevent these infections and the treatments available are obsolete, highly toxic, and non-effective due to parasitic drug resistance. Additionally, there is a high incidence of these diseases, and they may require hospitalization, which is expensive to the public health systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new treatments to improve the management of infected people, control the spread of resistant strains, and reduce health costs. Betulinic acid (BA) is a triterpene natural product which has shown antiparasitic activity against Leishmania, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Plasmodium. Here, we review the main results regarding the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity of BA and its derivatives against these parasites. Some chemical modifications of BA have been shown to improve its activities against the parasites. Further improvement on studies of drug-derived, as well as structure–activity relationship, are necessary for the development of new betulinic acid-based treatments.
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Santos BM, Dias BKM, Nakabashi M, Garcia CRS. The Knockout for G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Like PfSR25 Increases the Susceptibility of Malaria Parasites to the Antimalarials Lumefantrine and Piperaquine but Not to Medicine for Malaria Venture Compounds. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638869. [PMID: 33790879 PMCID: PMC8006397 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we have reported that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-like PfSR25 in Plasmodium falciparum is a potassium (K+) sensor linked to intracellular calcium signaling and that knockout parasites (PfSR25-) are more susceptible to oxidative stress and antimalarial compounds. Here, we explore the potential role of PfSR25 in susceptibility to the antimalarial compounds atovaquone, chloroquine, dihydroartemisinin, lumefantrine, mefloquine, piperaquine, primaquine, and pyrimethamine and the Medicine for Malaria Venture (MMV) compounds previously described to act on egress/invasion (MMV006429, MMV396715, MMV019127, MMV665874, MMV665878, MMV665785, and MMV66583) through comparative assays with PfSR25- and 3D7 parasite strains, using flow cytometry assays. The IC50 and IC90 results show that lumefantrine and piperaquine have greater activity on the PfSR25- parasite strain when compared to 3D7. For MMV compounds, we found no differences between the strains except for the compound MMV665831, which we used to investigate the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mechanism. The results suggest that PfSR25 may be involved in the mechanism of action of the antimalarials lumefantrine and piperaquine. Our data clearly show that MMV665831 does not affect calcium entry in parasites after we depleted their internal calcium pools with thapsigargin. The results demonstrated here shed light on new possibilities on the antimalarial mechanism, bringing evidence of the involvement of the GPCR-like PfSR25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedito M Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara K M Dias
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Myna Nakabashi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celia R S Garcia
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chemical Strategies towards the Synthesis of Betulinic Acid and Its More Potent Antiprotozoal Analogues. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041081. [PMID: 33670791 PMCID: PMC7922983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA, 3β-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid present predominantly in Betula ssp. (Betulaceae) and is also widely spread in many species belonging to different plant families. BA presents a wide spectrum of remarkable pharmacological properties, such as cytotoxic, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities, including antiprotozoal effects. The present review first describes the sources of BA and discusses the chemical strategies to produce this molecule starting from betulin, its natural precursor. Next, the antiprotozoal properties of BA are briefly discussed and the chemical strategies for the synthesis of analogues displaying antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities are systematically presented. The antiplasmodial activity described for BA was moderate, nevertheless, some C-3 position acylated analogues showed an improvement of this activity and the hybrid models—with artesunic acid—showed the most interesting properties. Some analogues also presented more intense antileishmanial activities compared with BA, and, in addition to these, heterocycles fused to C-2/C-3 positions and amide derivatives were the most promising analogues. Regarding the antitrypanosomal activity, some interesting antitrypanosomal derivatives were prepared by amide formation at the C-28 carboxylic group of the lupane skeleton. Considering that BA can be produced either by isolation of different plant extracts or by chemical transformation of betulin, easily obtained from Betula ssp., it could be said that BA is a molecule of great interest as a starting material for the synthesis of novel antiprotozoal agents.
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Majhi S, Das D. Chemical derivatization of natural products: Semisynthesis and pharmacological aspects- A decade update. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Garcês de Couto NM, Willig JB, Ruaro TC, de Oliveira DL, Buffon A, Pilger DA, Arruda MS, Miron D, Zimmer AR, Gnoatto SC. Betulinic Acid and Brosimine B Hybrid Derivatives as Potential Agents against Female Cancers. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:622-633. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200124111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a multifactorial disease, representing one of the leading causes of death
worldwide. On a global estimate, breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in women and cervical
cancer, the fourth most common. Both types of cancer remain the major cause of cancer-related mortality in
developing countries. A strategy for rational drug design is hybridization, which aims to bring together in one
molecule, two or more pharmacophores in order to reach several biological targets.
Objective:
The objective of this work was to develop new hybrids based on natural pharmacophores: Betulinic
acid (1) and brosimine b (2), active in female cancer cell lines.
Methods:
The coupling reactions were carried out by Steglich esterification. Different compounds were designed
for the complete and simplified structural hybridization of molecules. The anticancer activities of the
compounds were evaluated in human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human cervical metastatic epidermoid
carcinoma (ME-180), and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines.
Results:
Hybrid 3 presented higher potency (IC50 = 9.2 ± 0.5μM) and SI (43.5) selectively in MCF-7 cells (in
relation to Vero cells) with its cytotoxic effect occurring via apoptosis. In addition, compound 6 showed activity
in MCF-7 and HeLa cells with intermediate potency, but with high efficacy, acting via apoptosis as well.
Conclusion:
In this context, we showed that the combination of two complex structures generated the development
of hybrids with differing inhibitory profiles and apoptotic modes of action, thus representing potential
alternatives in female cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia M. Garcês de Couto
- Post-graduation of Pharmaceutical Science Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlia B. Willig
- Post-graduation of Pharmaceutical Science Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thaís C. Ruaro
- Post-graduation of Pharmaceutical Science Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Buffon
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Cytological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo A. Pilger
- Post-graduation of Pharmaceutical Science Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mara S.P. Arruda
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Brazil
| | - Diogo Miron
- Post-graduation of Pharmaceutical Science Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline R. Zimmer
- Post-graduation of Pharmaceutical Science Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone C.B. Gnoatto
- Post-graduation of Pharmaceutical Science Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Kong KW, Mat Junit S, Aminudin N, Abdul Aziz A. Phytochemicals in Barringtonia species: Linking their traditional uses as food and medicine with current research. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Birrell GW, Challis MP, De Paoli A, Anderson D, Devine SM, Heffernan GD, Jacobus DP, Edstein MD, Siddiqui G, Creek DJ. Multi-omic Characterization of the Mode of Action of a Potent New Antimalarial Compound, JPC-3210, Against Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:308-325. [PMID: 31836637 PMCID: PMC7000111 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of antimalarial drug resistance to the first-line artemisinin combination therapies underpins an urgent need for new antimalarial drugs, ideally with a novel mode of action. The recently developed 2-aminomethylphenol, JPC-3210, (MMV 892646) is an erythrocytic schizonticide with potent in vitro antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum lines, low cytotoxicity, potent in vivo efficacy against murine malaria, and favorable preclinical pharmacokinetics including a lengthy plasma elimination half-life. To investigate the impact of JPC-3210 on biochemical pathways within P. falciparum-infected red blood cells, we have applied a "multi-omics" workflow based on high resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry combined with biochemical approaches. Metabolomics, peptidomics and hemoglobin fractionation analyses revealed a perturbation in hemoglobin metabolism following JPC-3210 exposure. The metabolomics data demonstrated a specific depletion of short hemoglobin-derived peptides, peptidomics analysis revealed a depletion of longer hemoglobin-derived peptides, and the hemoglobin fractionation assay demonstrated decreases in hemoglobin, heme and hemozoin levels. To further elucidate the mechanism responsible for inhibition of hemoglobin metabolism, we used in vitro β-hematin polymerization assays and showed JPC-3210 to be an intermediate inhibitor of β-hematin polymerization, about 10-fold less potent then the quinoline antimalarials, such as chloroquine and mefloquine. Further, quantitative proteomics analysis showed that JPC-3210 treatment results in a distinct proteomic signature compared with other known antimalarials. While JPC-3210 clustered closely with mefloquine in the metabolomics and proteomics analyses, a key differentiating signature for JPC-3210 was the significant enrichment of parasite proteins involved in regulation of translation. These studies revealed that the mode of action for JPC-3210 involves inhibition of the hemoglobin digestion pathway and elevation of regulators of protein translation. Importantly, JPC-3210 demonstrated rapid parasite killing kinetics compared with other quinolones, suggesting that JPC-3210 warrants further investigation as a potentially long acting partner drug for malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Birrell
- Australian Defense Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew P Challis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Amanda De Paoli
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dovile Anderson
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shane M Devine
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | - Michael D Edstein
- Australian Defense Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ghizal Siddiqui
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Darren J Creek
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
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Freire RT, Bero J, Beaufay C, Selegato DM, Coqueiro A, Choi YH, Quetin-Leclercq J. Identification of antiplasmodial triterpenes from Keetia species using NMR-based metabolic profiling. Metabolomics 2019; 15:27. [PMID: 30830464 PMCID: PMC6394458 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increase in multidrug resistance and lack of efficacy in malaria therapy has propelled the urgent discovery of new antiplasmodial drugs, reviving the screening of secondary metabolites from traditional medicine. In plant metabolomics, NMR-based strategies are considered a golden method providing both a holistic view of the chemical profiles and a correlation between the metabolome and bioactivity, becoming a corner stone of drug development from natural products. OBJECTIVE Create a multivariate model to identify antiplasmodial metabolites from 1H NMR data of two African medicinal plants, Keetia leucantha and K. venosa. METHODS The extracts of twigs and leaves of Keetia species were measured by 1H NMR and the spectra were submitted to orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) for antiplasmodial correlation. RESULTS Unsupervised 1H NMR analysis showed that the effect of tissues was higher than species and that triterpenoids signals were more associated to Keetia twigs than leaves. OPLS-DA based on Keetia species correlated triterpene signals to K. leucantha, exhibiting a higher concentration of triterpenoids and phenylpropanoid-conjugated triterpenes than K. venosa. In vitro antiplasmodial correlation by OPLS, validated for all Keetia samples, revealed that phenylpropanoid-conjugated triterpenes were highly correlated to the bioactivity, while the acyclic squalene was found as the major metabolite in low bioactivity samples. CONCLUSION NMR-based metabolomics combined with supervised multivariate data analysis is a powerful strategy for the identification of bioactive metabolites in plant extracts. Moreover, combination of statistical total correlation spectroscopy with 2D NMR allowed a detailed analysis of different triterpenes, overcoming the challenge posed by their structure similarity and coalescence in the aliphatic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Teixeira Freire
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Bero
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 72, B1.72.03, B- 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claire Beaufay
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 72, B1.72.03, B- 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denise Medeiros Selegato
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aline Coqueiro
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 72, B1.72.03, B- 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Silva GNSD, Primon-Barros M, Macedo AJ, Gnoatto SCB. Triterpene Derivatives as Relevant Scaffold for New Antibiofilm Drugs. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E58. [PMID: 30754716 PMCID: PMC6406419 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
New medicines for the treatment of bacterial biofilm formation are required. For thisreason, this study shows the in vitro activity of betulinic acid (BA), ursolic acid (UA) and their twentyderivatives against planktonic and biofilm cells (gram-positive bacterial pathogens: Enterococcusfaecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis). We evaluated the antibiofilm activity(through the crystal violet method), as well as the antibacterial activity via absorbance (OD600) atconcentrations of 5, 25 and 100 μM. Likewise, the cytotoxicity of all compounds was evaluated on akidney African green monkey (VERO) cell line at the same concentration, by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) methodology. We verified for the first timewhether different groups at carbon 3 (C-3) of triterpenes may interfere in the antibiofilm activity withminimal or no antibacterial effect. After the screening of 22 compounds at three distinctconcentrations, we found antibiofilm activity for eight distinct derivatives without antibiotic effect.In particular, the derivative 2f, with an isopentanoyl ester at position C-3, was an antibiofilm activityagainst S. aureus without any effect upon mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Narjara Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federaldo Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Brasil.
| | - Muriel Primon-Barros
- Laboratório de Biofilmes e Diversidade, Faculdade de Farmácia and Centro de Biotecnologia, UniversidadeFederal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brasil.
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Laboratório de Biofilmes e Diversidade, Faculdade de Farmácia and Centro de Biotecnologia, UniversidadeFederal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brasil.
| | - Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federaldo Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Brasil.
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Sousa JLC, Freire CSR, Silvestre AJD, Silva AMS. Recent Developments in the Functionalization of Betulinic Acid and Its Natural Analogues: A Route to New Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020355. [PMID: 30669472 PMCID: PMC6359067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) and its natural analogues betulin (BN), betulonic (BoA), and 23-hydroxybetulinic (HBA) acids are lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenoids. They are present in many plants and display important biological activities. This review focuses on the chemical transformations used to functionalize BA/BN/BoA/HBA in order to obtain new derivatives with improved biological activity, covering the period since 2013 to 2018. It is divided by the main chemical transformations reported in the literature, including amination, esterification, alkylation, sulfonation, copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling, hydroxylation, and aldol condensation reactions. In addition, the synthesis of heterocycle-fused BA/HBA derivatives and polymer‒BA conjugates are also addressed. The new derivatives are mainly used as antitumor agents, but there are other biological applications such as antimalarial activity, drug delivery, bioimaging, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana L C Sousa
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carmen S R Freire
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Cargnin ST, Staudt AF, Menezes C, Azevedo APD, Fialho SN, Tasca T, Teles CBG, Gnoatto SB. Evaluation of triterpenes derivatives in the viability of Leishmania amazonensis and Trichomonas vaginalis. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000317481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tiana Tasca
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
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Santos da Silva GN, Monti Atik D, Antunes Fernandes JL, de Freitas do Nascimento D, Fazolo T, Duarte de Souza AP, Baggio Gnoatto SC. Synthesis of three triterpene series and their activity against respiratory syncytial virus. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800108. [PMID: 29999539 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization due to acute lower respiratory infection especially in infants and young children, sometimes causing fatal cases. The monoclonal antibody palivizumab is one of the available options for preventing this virus, and at the moment there are several hRSV vaccine trials underway. Unfortunately, the only drug option to treat hRSV infection is ribavirin, which can be used in severe high-risk cases. For this reason, new medicines are needed and, in this context, the triterpenes and their derivatives are promising alternatives, since many of them have shown important antiviral activity, such as bevirimat. Therefore, we report three series of triterpene (betulin (BE), betulinic acid (BA), and ursolic acid (UA)) derivatives tested against hRSV. The derivatives were synthesized by using commercial anhydrides in an easy and inexpensive step reaction. For the antiviral assay, A549 cells were infected by hRSV and after 96 h of compound or ribavirin (positive control) treatment, the cell viability was tested by MTT assay. DMSO, non-infected cells and infected cells without treatment were used as negative control. The triterpene esterification at the hydroxyl group resulted in 17 derivatives. The 3,28-di-O-acetylbetulin derivative (1a) showed the best results for cell viability, and real-time PCR amplification was performed for 1a treatment. Remarkably, one new anti-hRSV prototype was obtained through an easy synthesis of BE, which shall represent an alternative for a new lead compound for anti-hRSV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria N Santos da Silva
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diana Monti Atik
- Clinical and Immunology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jheini L Antunes Fernandes
- Clinical and Immunology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Deise de Freitas do Nascimento
- Clinical and Immunology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fazolo
- Clinical and Immunology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
- Clinical and Immunology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone C Baggio Gnoatto
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Bitencourt FG, de Brum Vieira P, Meirelles LC, Rigo GV, da Silva EF, Gnoatto SCB, Tasca T. Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of ursolic acid derivative: a promising alternative. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1573-1580. [PMID: 29572567 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is an extracellular parasite that binds to the epithelium of the human urogenital tract and causes the sexually transmitted infection, trichomoniasis. In view of increased resistance to drugs belonging to the 5-nitroimidazole class, new treatment alternatives are urgently needed. In this study, eight semisynthetized triterpene derivatives were evaluated for in vitro anti-T. vaginalis activity. Ursolic acid and its derivative, 3-oxime-urs-12-en-28-oic-ursolic acid (9), presented the best anti-T. vaginalis activity when compared to other derivatives, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 25 μM. Moreover, 9 was active against several T. vaginalis fresh clinical isolates. Hemolysis assay demonstrated that 9 presented a low hemolytic effect. Importantly, 25 μM 9 was not cytotoxic against the Vero cell lineage. Finally, we demonstrated that compound 9 acts synergistically with metronidazole against a T. vaginalis metronidazole-resistant isolate. This report reveals the high potential of the triterpenoid derivative 9 as trichomonicidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gobbi Bitencourt
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Brum Vieira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Lucia Collares Meirelles
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Graziela Vargas Rigo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Elenilson Figueiredo da Silva
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Tiana Tasca
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
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16
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Diedrich D, Wildner AC, Silveira TF, Silva GNS, Santos FD, da Silva EF, do Canto VP, Visioli F, Gosmann G, Bergold AM, Zimmer AR, Netz PA, Gnoatto SCB. SERCA plays a crucial role in the toxicity of a betulinic acid derivative with potential antimalarial activity. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 287:70-77. [PMID: 29604267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most significant infectious diseases that affect poor populations in tropical areas throughout the world. Plants have been shown to be a good source for the development of new antimalarial chemotherapeutic agents, as shown for the discovery of quinine and artemisinin derivatives. Our research group has been working with semisynthetic triterpene derivatives that show potential antimalarial activity toward different strains of Plasmodium falciparum by specifically modulating calcium pathways in the parasite. Promising results were obtained for nanomolar concentrations of the semisynthetic betulinic acid derivative LAFIS13 against the P. falciparum 3D7 strain in vitro, with a selectivity index of 18 compared to a mammalian cell line. Continuing these studies, we present here in vitro and in vivo toxicological evaluations of this compound, followed by docking studies with PfATP6, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca+2-ATPase (SERCA) protein. LAFIS13 showed an LD50 between 300 and 50 mg/kg, and the acute administration of 50 mg/kg (i.p.) had no negative effects on hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Based on the results of the in vitro assays, LAFIS13 not exerted significant effects on coagulation parameters of human peripheral blood, but a hemolytic activity was verified at higher concentrations. According to the molecular docking study, the PfATP6 protein may be a target for LAFIS13, which corroborates its previously reported modulatory effects on calcium homeostasis in the parasite. Notably, LAFIS13 showed a higher selectivity for the mammalian SERCA protein than for PfATP6, thus impairing the selectivity between parasite and host. In summary, the direct interaction with calcium pumps and the hemolytic potential of the compound proved to be plausible mechanism of LAFIS13 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Diedrich
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Andreia C Wildner
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Thayse F Silveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Gloria N S Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Francine Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Elenilson F da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa P do Canto
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Ana M Bergold
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Netz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Simone C B Gnoatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil.
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Cargnin ST, Staudt AF, Medeiros P, de Medeiros Sol Sol D, de Azevedo Dos Santos AP, Zanchi FB, Gosmann G, Puyet A, Garcia Teles CB, Gnoatto SB. Semisynthesis, cytotoxicity, antimalarial evaluation and structure-activity relationship of two series of triterpene derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:265-272. [PMID: 29326018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the semisynthesis of two series of ursolic and betulinic acid derivatives through designed by modifications at the C-3 and C-28 positions and demonstrate their antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum (W2 strain). Structural modifications at C-3 were more advantageous to antimalarial activity than simultaneous modifications at C-3 and C-28 positions. The ester derivative, 3β-butanoyl betulinic acid (7b), was the most active compound (IC50 = 3.4 µM) and it did not exhibit cytotoxicity against VERO nor HepG2 cells (CC50 > 400 µM), showing selectivity towards parasites (selectivity index > 117.47). In combination with artemisinin, compound 7b showed an additive effect (CI = 1.14). While docking analysis showed a possible interaction of 7b with the Plasmodium protease PfSUB1, with an optimum binding affinity of -7.02 kcal/mol, the rather low inhibition displayed on a Bacillus licheniformis subtilisin A protease activity assay (IC50 = 93 µM) and the observed accumulation of ring forms together with a delay of appearance of trophozoites in vitro suggests that the main target of 3β-butanoyl betulinic acid on Plasmodium may be related to other molecules and processes pertaining to the ring stage. Therefore, compound 7b is the most promising compound for further studies on antimalarial chemotherapy. The results obtained in this study provide suitable information about scaffolds to develop novel antimalarials from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tasca Cargnin
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Fármacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa Finkler Staudt
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Fármacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Medeiros
- Plataforma de Bioensaios de Malária e Leishmaniose, FIOCRUZ, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Grace Gosmann
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Fármacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Puyet
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Simone Baggio Gnoatto
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Fármacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Beaufay C, Hérent MF, Quetin-Leclercq J, Bero J. In vivo anti-malarial activity and toxicity studies of triterpenic esters isolated form Keetia leucantha and crude extracts. Malar J 2017; 16:406. [PMID: 29017554 PMCID: PMC5635585 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the need for new anti-malarial drugs, further investigations on Keetia leucantha (Rubiaceae), an in vitro antiplasmodial plant traditionally used to treat malaria, were carried out. This paper aimed to assess the in vivo anti-malarial efficacy of K. leucantha triterpenic esters previously identified as the most in vitro active components against Plasmodium falciparum and their potential toxicity as well as those of anti-malarial extracts. RESULTS These eight triterpenic esters and the major antiplasmodial triterpenic acids, ursolic and oleanolic acids, were quantified in the twigs dichloromethane extract by validated HPLC-UV methods. They account for about 19% of this extract (16.9% for acids and 1.8% for esters). These compounds were also identified in trace in the twigs decoction by HPLC-HRMS. Results also showed that extracts and esters did not produce any haemolysis, and were devoid of any acute toxicity at a total cumulative dose of 800 and 150 mg/kg respectively. Moreover, esters given intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg/day to Plasmodium berghei-infected mice showed a very significant (p < 0.01) parasitaemia inhibition (27.8 ± 5.4%) on day 4 post-infection compared to vehicle-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS These results bring out new information on the safety of K. leucantha use and on the identification of anti-malarial compounds from its dichloromethane extract. Its activity can be explained by the presence of triterpenic acids and esters which in vivo activity and safety were demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beaufay
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 72, B1.72.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-France Hérent
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 72, B1.72.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 72, B1.72.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joanne Bero
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 72, B1.72.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Cargnin ST, Gnoatto SB. Ursolic acid from apple pomace and traditional plants: A valuable triterpenoid with functional properties. Food Chem 2017; 220:477-489. [PMID: 27855928 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apple juice production generates a large amount of residue comprising mainly peels, seeds, and pulp, known as apple pomace. In the global context, Brazil ranks 11th in apple production and thousands of tons of apple pomace are produced every year. This by-product is little explored, since it is a rich and heterogeneous mixture, containing interesting phytochemical groups. Among them, ursolic acid (UA) has attracted attention because of its therapeutic potential. UA is a pentacyclic triterpene found too in several traditional plants, and has shown several functional properties such as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory and antitumor. Therefore, this review attempts to shed some light on the economical viability of apple and apple pomace as sources of bioactive compounds, highlighting the UA extraction, and its main functional properties published in the last 5years (2010-2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tasca Cargnin
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Simone Baggio Gnoatto
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Hübner DPG, de Brum Vieira P, Frasson AP, Menezes CB, Senger FR, Santos da Silva GN, Baggio Gnoatto SC, Tasca T. Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of betulinic acid derivatives. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:476-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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da Silva GN, Trindade FT, Dos Santos F, Gosmann G, E Silva AA, Gnoatto SC. Larvicidal activity of natural and modified triterpenoids against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:1883-7. [PMID: 27501778 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance to commonly used substances demands new molecules for the chemical control of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Because natural product sources have been an alternative to obtain larvicidal compounds, the aim of this study was to evaluate the triterpenoids betulinic (BA) and ursolic (UA) acids and their semi-synthetic derivatives against larval Ae. aegypti. BA, UA, ten derivatives modified at the C-3 position and a positive control (diflubenzuron) were evaluated. Larvicidal assays were carried out with early fourth-instar larvae, and mortality was observed between 48 and 96 h. Doses from 200 to 10 ppm were used to calculate lethal concentrations (LCs). RESULTS Natural compounds, i.e. UA and BA, had the lowest LCs (LC50 of 112 and 142 ppm respectively), except for the modified compound 2b (LC50 of 130 ppm). Larvicidal activity increased significantly from 48 to 96 h for all the compounds evaluated, ranging from 20 to 50% after 48 h and from 48 to 76% after 96 h. Some derivatives, e.g. 2a and 2d, had up to a three-fold larvicidal activity increase from 48 to 96 h. CONCLUSION BA, UA and their derivatives showed larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti larvae, increasing significantly from 48 to 96 h. The presence of a hydroxyl group is essential for larvicidal potential in these triterpenoids. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ns da Silva
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Frances Tt Trindade
- Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Francine Dos Santos
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A E Silva
- Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Simone Cb Gnoatto
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chudzik M, Korzonek-Szlacheta I, Król W. Triterpenes as potentially cytotoxic compounds. Molecules 2015; 20:1610-25. [PMID: 25608043 PMCID: PMC6272502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20011610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenes are compounds of natural origin, which have numerously biological activities: anti-cancer properties, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-viral, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal. These substances can be isolated from plants, animals or fungi. Nowadays, when neoplasms are main cause of death, triterpenes can become an alternative method for treating cancer because of their cytotoxic properties and chemopreventive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Chudzik
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, Zabrze 41-808, Poland.
| | - Ilona Korzonek-Szlacheta
- Department of Nutrition-Associated Disease Prevention, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Piekarska 18, Bytom 41-902, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Król
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, Zabrze 41-808, Poland.
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Kalani K, Cheema HS, Tripathi H, Khan F, Daroker MP, Srivastava SK. QSAR-guided semi-synthesis and in vitro validation of antiplasmodial activity in ursolic acid derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a part of antimalarial drug discovery programme, a QSAR model was developed for the prediction of antiplasmodial activity in ursolic acid derivatives, followed by semi-synthesis of virtually active derivatives and their biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kalani
- Medicinal Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Harveer Singh Cheema
- Molecular Bioprospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Himanshu Tripathi
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - M. P. Daroker
- Molecular Bioprospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Santosh Kumar Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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Silva GNS, Schuck DC, Cruz LN, Moraes MS, Nakabashi M, Gosmann G, Garcia CRS, Gnoatto SCB. Investigation of antimalarial activity, cytotoxicity and action mechanism of piperazine derivatives of betulinic acid. Trop Med Int Health 2014; 20:29-39. [PMID: 25308185 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To semisynthesise piperazine derivatives of betulinic acid to evaluate antimalarial activity, cytotoxicity and action mechanism. METHODS The new derivatives were evaluated against the CQ-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain by flow cytometry (FC) using YOYO-1 as stain. Cytotoxicity of 4a and 4b was performed with HEK293T cells for 24 and 48 h by MTT assay. The capability of compound 4a to modulate Ca(2+) in the trophozoite stage was investigated. The trophozoites were stained with Fluo4-AM and analysed by spectrofluorimetry. Effect on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was tested for 4a by FC with DiOC6 (3) as stain. For β-haematin assay, 4a was incubated for 24 h with reagents such as haemin, and the fluorescence was measured by FlexStation at an absorbance of 405 nm. RESULTS Antimalarial activity of 4a and 4b was IC50 = 1 and 4 μm, respectively. Compound 4a displayed cytotoxicity with IC50 = 69 and 29 μm for 24 and 48 h, respectively, and 4b was not cytotoxic at the tested concentrations. Addition of 4a leads to an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) . We have measured ΔΨm after treating parasites with the compound. Data on Figure 4a show that mitochondria were not affected. The action mechanism for 4a, inhibition of β-haematin formation (17%), was lower than CQ treatment (83%; IC50 = 3 mm). CONCLUSION Compound 4a showed excellent antimalarial activity, and its action mechanism is involved in Ca(2+) pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria N S Silva
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Plasmodium Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Parra A, Martin-Fonseca S, Rivas F, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Medina-O’Donnell M, Rufino-Palomares EE, Martinez A, Garcia-Granados A, Lupiañez JA, Albericio F. Solid-phase library synthesis of bi-functional derivatives of oleanolic and maslinic acids and their cytotoxicity on three cancer cell lines. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:428-47. [PMID: 24916186 DOI: 10.1021/co500051z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A wide set of 264 compounds has been semisynthesized with high yields and purities. These compounds have been obtained through easy synthetic processes based on a solid-phase combinatorial methodology. All the members of this library have one central core of a natural pentacyclic triterpene (oleanolic or maslinic acid) and differ by 6 amino acids, coupled with the carboxyl group at C-28 of the triterpenoid skeleton, and by 10 different acyl groups attached to the hydroxyl groups of the A-ring of these molecules. According to the literature on the outstanding and promising pharmacological activities of other similar terpene derivatives, some of these compounds have been tested for their cytotoxic effects on the proliferation of three cancer cell lines: B16-F10, HT29, and Hep G2. In general, we have found that around 70% of the compounds tested show cytotoxicity in all three of the cell lines selected; around 60% of the cytotoxic compounds are more effective than their corresponding precursors, that is, oleanolic (OA) or maslinic (MA) acids; and nearly 50% of the cytotoxic derivatives have IC50 values between 2- to 320-fold lower than their corresponding precursor (OA or MA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Parra
- Departamento
de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Samuel Martin-Fonseca
- Departamento
de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Rivas
- Departamento
de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita
- Departamento
de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Medina-O’Donnell
- Departamento
de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Eva E. Rufino-Palomares
- Departamento
de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Departamento
de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Andres Garcia-Granados
- Departamento
de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose A. Lupiañez
- Departamento
de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institut for Research in Biomedicine and CIBER BBN, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001 Durban, South Africa
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Synthesis and activity of new triphenylphosphonium derivatives of betulin and betulinic acid against Schistosoma mansoni in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6297-304. [PMID: 25245671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the antischistosomal activity of betulin, betulinic acid and its 9 triphenylphosphonium derivatives characterized by a covalently linkage of the hydrophobic fragment of triterpenoid at C(2)- or C(30)-position with the triphenylphosphonium moiety via a hydrocarbon bridge. The triphenylphosphonium salts showed in vitro antischistosomal activity against newly transformed schistosomula (NTS) and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni at low micromolar concentrations. In contrast betulin and betulinic acid were inactive against NTS and adult S. mansoni. Of the 9 triphenylphosphonium derivatives tested, the allyl salts 10 (IC50 of 0.76 μg/mL) and 11 (IC50 of 0.64 μg/mL) demonstrated the highest antischistosomal activity against adult S. mansoni. Low worm burden reductions of 22% were observed in vivo for these two compounds. In conclusion, triphenylphosphonium derivatives were obtained from available natural betulin by simple transformations, rendering it practical and useful for large scale application. However, further structural modifications are necessary to translate the promising antischistosomal in vitro activities into in vivo.
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