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Lee S, Ko K, Shin S, Park HS, Hong N, Rhee Y. Adipopenia is associated with osteoporosis in community-dwelling non-underweight adults independent of sarcopenia. Arch Osteoporos 2023; 18:44. [PMID: 36949274 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of fat deficit on bone metabolism is understudied. This study showed that low body fat percent (adipopenia) in non-underweight community adults was associated with elevated odds of osteoporosis independent of low lean mass, highlighting potential clinical importance of adipopenia as an osteoporosis risk factor particularly in older adults. PURPOSE Although underweight is risk factor for osteoporosis, the association of low body fat percent (adipopenia) with osteoporosis in non-underweight adults remains unclear. METHODS Among individuals aged ≥ 50 years with body mass index ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and body fat percent (BFP) were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Low lean mass was defined as ALM/height2 < 7.0 kg/m2 and < 5.4 kg/m2 in men and women, respectively. Osteoporosis was defined as a bone mineral density (BMD) T-score ≤ -2.5 at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total hip. Participants were grouped into adipopenia (BFP < 17% in men; < 30%, in women; 1 standard deviation below the mean), normal, and obesity (BFP > 30% in men; > 40% in women) groups. RESULTS Of the 5,830 participants (women 50.2%, mean age 63.9 years), 793 had adipopenia. The adipopenia group had a higher prevalence of osteoporosis (31%) than the normal (21%) or obesity groups (27%; p < 0.001). The presence of adipopenia was associated with 61% elevated odds of prevalent osteoporosis (p < 0.001) independent of low lean mass and covariates, which remained robust using different thresholds for adipopenia. Individuals with adipopenia and low lean mass had 3.5-fold elevated odds of osteoporosis compared to those with normal lean mass and fat percent. The association between adipopenia and osteoporosis was stronger in older women compared to middle-aged women (OR 1.93 vs. 0.99, P for interaction = 0.023). CONCLUSION Adipopenia was associated with osteoporosis in non-underweight adults, independent of low lean mass and covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | | | - Sungjae Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Hayashi D, Noguchi E, Maruo K, Hara M, Nakayama SF, Takada H. Maternal BMI and allergy in children until 3 years of age (JECS). THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2022; 1:43-50. [PMID: 37780583 PMCID: PMC10510001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) may influence allergic diseases in the children who are the product of those pregnancies. Objective The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between mothers' prepregnancy BMI and the risk of physician-diagnosed asthma, food allergy (FA), and atopic dermatitis (AD) in their children during the first 3 years of life. Methods Data on mothers' prepregnancy BMI and physician-diagnosed asthma, FA, and AD in their children until the age of 3 years were obtained from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide birth cohort study that has recruited 103,099 pregnant women between 2011 and 2014. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the results. Results We analyzed 67,204 mother-child pairs with available information on physician-diagnosed allergic diseases. The risk of asthma was significantly higher in children born to overweight mothers (adjusted OR [aOR] =1.17 [95% CI = 1.07-1.28]) and obese mothers (aOR = 1.28 [95% CI = 1.08-1.50]), whereas the risk of FA, cow's milk allergy, and egg allergy decreased significantly in children born to overweight mothers (aOR = 0.84 [95% CI = 0.76-0.92]; aOR = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.64-0.93]; and aOR = 0.83 [95% CI = 0.74-0.94]) and obese mothers (aOR = 0.81 [95% CI = 0.67-0.97]; aOR = 0.58 [95% CI = 0.36-0.87]; and aOR = 0.73 [95% CI = 0.56-0.93]) compared with in children born to normal weight mothers, respectively. Associations between AD and maternal BMI were not detected. Conclusion Our study showed that an increase in mothers' prepregnancy BMI was associated with an increase in asthma prevalence and a decrease in FA prevalence in their children. Further studies are needed to reveal the mechanisms associated with maternal BMI and pediatric allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hayashi
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Program Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Emiko Noguchi
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Program Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Monami Hara
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Program Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shoji F. Nakayama
- Japan Environment and Children’s Study Program Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Takada
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
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Maffei M, Giordano A. Leptin, the brain and energy homeostasis: From an apparently simple to a highly complex neuronal system. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:87-101. [PMID: 33822303 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, produced and secreted by white adipose tissue in tight relationship with adipose mass, informs the brain about the status of the energy stores serving as the main peripheral signal for energy balance regulation through interaction with a multitude of highly interconnected neuronal populations. Most obese patients display resistance to the anorectic effect of the hormone. The present review unravels the multiple levels of complexity that trigger hypothalamic response to leptin with the objective of highlighting those critical hubs that, mainly in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, may undergo obesity-induced alterations and create an obstacle to leptin action. Several mechanisms underlying leptin resistance have been proposed, possibly representing useful targets to empower leptin effects. Among these, a special focus is herein dedicated to detail how leptin gains access into the brain and how neuronal plasticity may interfere with leptin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maffei
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
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Hancerliogullari N, Kansu-Celik H, Asli Oskovi Kaplan Z, Oksuzoglu A, Ozgu-Erdinc AS, Engin-Ustun Y. Correlation of Maternal Neck/Waist Circumferences and Fetal Macrosomia in Low-Risk Turkish Pregnant Women, a Preliminary Study. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2021; 40:181-188. [PMID: 31603015 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1675831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Goals: Our aim in this study was to determine if the maternal neck and waist circumference measured in the first three months of pregnancy were effective in prediction of fetal macrosomia.Material and methods In this retrospective cohort study; body mass index, neck circumference (NC) and waist circumference (WC) was measured in low risk pregnant women at 11-13+6th weeks of pregnancy.Results Among the 361 women, 8% of newborns were over 4000 grams. The rate of fetal macrosomia increased with the increased NC and WC. In ROC analysis, optimum cutoff value of NC was >36.5 cm to predict fetal macrosomia with 68.97% sensitivity and 66.97% specifity and for WC it was >88 cm with 62.07% sensitivity and 61.26% specifity.Conclusion Risk of fetal macrosomia increased with the increased maternal NC and WC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A Seval Ozgu-Erdinc
- Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Care, Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Cocoa-rich chocolate and body composition in postmenopausal women: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:548-556. [PMID: 32746952 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During menopause, women undergo a series of physiological changes that include a redistribution of fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women daily on body composition. We conducted a 6-month, two-arm randomised, controlled trial. Postmenopausal women (57·2 (sd 3·6) years, n 132) were recruited in primary care clinics. Participants in the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Those of the intervention group (IG) received 10 g daily of 99 % cocoa chocolate in addition to their habitual diet for 6 months. This quantity comprises 247 kJ (59 kcal) and 65·4 mg of polyphenols. The primary outcomes were the between-group differences in body composition variables, measured by impendancemetry at the end of the study. The main effect of the intervention showed a favourable reduction in the IG with respect to the CG in body fat mass (-0·63 kg (95 % CI -1·15, -0·11), P = 0·019; Cohen's d = -0·450) and body fat percentage (-0·79 % (95 % CI -1·31, -0·26), P = 0·004; Cohen's d = -0·539). A non-significant decrease was also observed in BMI (-0·20 kg/m2 (95 % CI -0·44, 0·03), P = 0·092; Cohen's d = -0·345). Both the body fat mass and the body fat percentage showed a decrease in the IG for the three body segments analysed (trunk, arms and legs). Daily addition of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women reduces their body fat mass and body fat percentage without modifying their weight.
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Dimitriadis GK, Adya R, Tan BK, Jones TA, Menon VS, Ramanjaneya M, Kaltsas G, Miras AD, Randeva HS. Effects of visfatin on brown adipose tissue energy regulation using T37i cells. Cytokine 2018; 113:248-255. [PMID: 30060995 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in pathological states of energy homeostasis and impaired adipocyte function, such as obesity has been a major area of research interest in recent years. Herein, we sought to determine the direct effects of adipokines, visfatin and leptin on BAT thermogenesis. The effects of mouse recombinant visfatin, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and leptin with or without FK866 were studied on differentiated T37i cells. Treated cells were analyzed for key genes and proteins regulating BAT [UCP-1, PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain-containing 16 (PRDM-16), PPARgamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) and receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP-140)] using quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Data is presented as mean P-values. Both visfatin and leptin had significant concentration dependent effects on thermogenesis in brown pre-adipocytes and at physiological levels, increased uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) levels in brown adipocytes. These effects of visfatin were similar to that of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), further strengthening the enzymatic role of visfatin. We also showed that leptin induced UCP-1 mRNA expression and protein production appears to be mediated by visfatin. High concentrations of both visfatin and leptin led to a dramatic decrease in UCP-1 protein levels, supporting the notion that visfatin levels are raised in obesity and that obese people have reduced BAT activity, plausibly through a reduction in UCP-1 levels. Additionally, we found differential regulation of key brown adipogenic genes, specifically, PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain-containing 16 (PRDM-16), PPARgamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) and receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP-140) by visfatin. Our observations provide novel insights in the potential actions of visfatin in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Division of Endocrinology and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK; WISDEM Centre, Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Raghu Adya
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Sciences and Leicester Diabetes Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester, Leicestershire LE1 5WW, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Terence A Jones
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Vinod S Menon
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alexander D Miras
- Division of Endocrinology and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; WISDEM Centre, Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Division of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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Marino-Ortega LA, Molina-Bello A, Polanco-García JC, Muñoz-Valle JF, Salgado-Bernabé AB, Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Parra-Rojas I. Correlation of leptin and soluble leptin receptor levels with anthropometric parameters in mother-newborn pairs. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:11260-11267. [PMID: 26379933 PMCID: PMC4565316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if anthropometric parameters are associated with both leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sLEPR) levels in newborns and their mothers. This cross-sectional study was performed in 118 mother-newborn pairs. The venous blood sample of mothers was taken before delivery and immediately after delivery an umbilical cord blood sample was collected. Levels of leptin and sLEPR in maternal and umbilical cord sera were assessed by ELISA. Maternal serum concentration of leptin and sLEPR (6.2 and 25.7 ng/ml, respectively) were higher than in umbilical cord blood (2.4 and 14.2 ng/ml, respectively). However, the newborns and their mothers had higher sLEPR levels than leptin levels. In mothers was observed that leptin levels increase with weight gain in pregnancy and decreased sLEPR levels. Cord leptin levels correlated with neonatal birth weight and length, the body circumferences, placental weight and maternal leptin levels. Cord sLEPR levels correlated with maternal sLEPR and leptin levels. Maternal serum concentration of leptin correlated with pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain, cord sLEPR and leptin levels. Maternal sLEPR concentration correlated with cord sLEPR levels. The leptin and sLEPR levels in mother-newborn pairs are related with anthropometric parameters and an inverse correlation between leptin levels and sLEPR was observed in pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Marino-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Adiel Molina-Bello
- Hospital de la Madre y el Niño Guerrerense (HMNG), Ciudad de los ServiciosChilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Julio C Polanco-García
- Hospital de la Madre y el Niño Guerrerense (HMNG), Ciudad de los ServiciosChilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Aralia B Salgado-Bernabé
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Iris P Guzmán-Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingo, Guerrero, México
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La leptine : un modulateur de l’activité des cellules Natural Killer ? NUTR CLIN METAB 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Evaluation of growth patterns and body composition in C57Bl/6J mice using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:253067. [PMID: 25110666 PMCID: PMC4119710 DOI: 10.1155/2014/253067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The normal growth pattern of female C57BL/6J mice, from 5 to 30 weeks of age, has been investigated in a longitudinal study. Weight, body surface area (BS), and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated in forty mice. Lean mass and fat mass, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) were monitored by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Weight and BS increased linearly (16.15 ± 0.64-27.64 ± 1.42 g; 51.13 ± 0.74-79.57 ± 2.15 cm(2), P < 0.01), more markedly from 5 to 9 weeks of age (P < 0.001). BMD showed a peak at 17 weeks (0.0548 ± 0.0011 g/cm(2) ∗ m, P < 0.01). Lean mass showed an evident gain at 9 (15.8 ± 0.8 g, P < 0.001) and 25 weeks (20.5 ± 0.3 g, P < 0.01), like fat mass from 13 to 17 weeks (2.0 ± 0.4-3.6 ± 0.7 g, P < 0.01). BMI and lean mass index (LMI) reached the highest value at 21 weeks (3.57 ± 0.02-0.284 ± 0.010 g/cm(2), resp.), like fat mass index (FMI) at 17 weeks (0.057 ± 0.009 g/cm(2)) (P < 0.01). BMI, weight, and BS showed a moderate positive correlation (0.45-0.85) with lean mass from 5 to 21 weeks. Mixed linear models provided a good prediction for lean mass, fat mass, and BMD. This study may represent a baseline reference for a future comparison of wild-type C57BL/6J mice with models of altered growth.
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Mohammadzadeh G, Ghaffari MA, Bafandeh A, Hosseini SM. Association of serum soluble leptin receptor and leptin levels with breast cancer. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 19:433-8. [PMID: 25097626 PMCID: PMC4116575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin plays a key role in the regulation of energy expenditure and is known to circulate in both free and bound forms. Soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) is a unique circulating form of leptin receptor that can bind to leptin. Leptin and leptin receptor have been implicated in processes leading to breast cancer initiation and progression. Our study was aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of sOB-R and leptin with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum leptin and sOB-R levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 100 women with breast cancer cases compared with 100 age and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls without cancer. Lipid profiles were measured by enzymatic method. RESULTS The median serum levels of sOB-R in controls were significantly higher than that in breast cancer cases (odds ratio [OR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77-188.2) versus (OR, 0.140; 95% CI = 0.09-98.1). Conversely, the median serum level of leptin in breast cancer cases was significantly higher than that in controls (OR, 67.90; 95% CI = 2.77-129.9) vs. (OR, 28.30; 95% CI = 0.60-113.1). Breast cancer was significantly associated with higher serum level of leptin (OR = 1.027, 95% CI = 1.017-1.038). Conversely, breast cancer was correlated with lower serum level of sOB-R (OR = 0.983, 95% CI = 0.969-0.997). Moreover, free leptin index (FLI) (leptin/sOB-R ratio) was associated with breast cancer (OR = 1.028, 95% CI = 1.015-1.042). The serum sOB-R level was negatively associated with leptin, BMI, and high density lipoprotein (r = -0.238, -0.186, and -0.168, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that FLI and serum leptin level rather than serum level of sOB-R was associated with the breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghorban Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ghorban Mohammadzadeh, Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mohammad-Ali Ghaffari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmmad Bafandeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed-Mohammad Hosseini
- Department of Radiation and Oncology of Gholestan University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Zuo H, Shi Z, Yuan B, Dai Y, Wu G, Hussain A. Association between serum leptin concentrations and insulin resistance: a population-based study from China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54615. [PMID: 23349940 PMCID: PMC3551759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance contributes to the cardio-metabolic risk. The effect of leptin in obese and overweight population on insulin resistance was seldom reported. Methods A total of 1234 subjects (572 men and 662 women) aged ≥18 y was sampled by the procedure. Adiposity measures included BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold and body fat percentage. Serum leptin concentrations were measured by an ELISA method. The homeostasis model (HOMA-IR) was applied to estimate insulin resistance. Results In men, BMI was the variable which was most strongly correlated with leptin, whereas triceps skinfold was most sensitive for women. More importantly, serum leptin levels among insulin resistant subjects were almost double compared to the subjects who had normal insulin sensitivity at the same level of adiposity in both men and women, after controlling for potential confounders. In addition, HOMA-IR increased significantly across leptin quintiles after adjustment for age, BMI, total energy intake, physical activity and smoking status in both men and women (p for trend <0.0001). Conclusions There was a significant association between HOMA-IR and serum leptin concentrations in Chinese men and women, independently of adiposity levels. This may suggest that serum leptin concentration is an important predictor of insulin resistance and other metabolic risks irrespective of obesity levels. Furthermore, leptin levels may be used to identify the cardio-metabolic risk in obese and overweight population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zuo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
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Harpsøe MC, Basit S, Bager P, Wohlfahrt J, Benn CS, Nøhr EA, Linneberg A, Jess T. Maternal obesity, gestational weight gain, and risk of asthma and atopic disease in offspring: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 131:1033-40. [PMID: 23122630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are suggested to influence risk of asthma and atopic disease in offspring. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of BMI and GWG on risk of asthma, wheezing, atopic eczema (AE), and hay fever in children during the first 7 years of life. METHODS This was a cohort study of 38,874 mother-child pairs from the Danish National Birth Cohort (enrollment 1996-2002) with information from the 16th week of pregnancy and at age 6 months, 18 months, and 7 years of the child. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated by logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS During the first 7 years of life, 10.4% of children developed doctor-diagnosed asthma, 25.8% AE, and 4.6% hay fever. Maternal BMI and to a lesser extent GWG were associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma ever. In particular, BMI≥35 (adjusted OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 0.95-3.68) and GWG≥25 kg (adjusted OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.38-2.83) were associated with current severe asthma at age 7 years. Maternal BMI was also associated with wheezing in offspring, with the strongest association observed between BMI≥35 and late-onset wheezing (adjusted OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.28-2.73). Maternal BMI and GWG were not associated with AE or hay fever. CONCLUSIONS Maternal obesity during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of asthma and wheezing in offspring but not with AE and hay fever, suggesting that pathways may be nonallergic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Harpsøe
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lee SW, Jo HH, Kim MR, You YO, Kim JH. Association between metabolic syndrome and serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2012; 32:73-7. [PMID: 22185543 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2011.618893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Menopausal status is associated with weight gain, increased central fat mass, abnormal lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Leptin is synthesised and secreted by adipocytes. Serum leptin levels are highly correlated with fat mass. We determined the association between MetS and serum leptin levels in 153 postmenopausal women. The difference in serum leptin level between MetS and non-MetS groups showed a statistical significance after adjusting for body mass index (BMI; 19.9 ± 9.5 vs 12.1 ± 5.9 ng/ml, p = 0.013). The indicator of abdominal obesity, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and visceral fat area (VFA), had a positive correlation with serum leptin level in non-obese subjects after adjusting for BMI (p = 0.017, p < 0.001, respectively). Of the components of MetS, abdominal obesity and the number of MetS components had a positive correlation with serum leptin level (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent Hospital, Suwon, Korea
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Salem W, Adler AI, Lee C, Smith GCS. Maternal waist to hip ratio is a risk factor for macrosomia. BJOG 2011; 119:291-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Friedenreich CM, Neilson HK, Woolcott CG, McTiernan A, Wang Q, Ballard-Barbash R, Jones CA, Stanczyk FZ, Brant RF, Yasui Y, Irwin ML, Campbell KL, McNeely ML, Karvinen KH, Courneya KS. Changes in insulin resistance indicators, IGFs, and adipokines in a year-long trial of aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011; 18:357-69. [PMID: 21482635 PMCID: PMC3111235 DOI: 10.1530/erc-10-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is a known modifiable lifestyle means for reducing postmenopausal breast cancer risk, but the biologic mechanisms are not well understood. Metabolic factors may be involved. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of exercise on insulin resistance (IR) indicators, IGF1, and adipokines in postmenopausal women. The Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial was a two-armed randomized controlled trial in postmenopausal, inactive, cancer-free women. A year-long aerobic exercise intervention of 225 min/week (n=160) was compared with a control group asked to maintain usual activity levels (n=160). Baseline, 6- and 12-month serum levels of insulin, glucose, IGF1, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), adiponectin, and leptin were assayed, and after data collection, homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) scores were calculated. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed using linear mixed models. The treatment effect ratio (TER) of exercisers to controls was calculated. Data were available on 308 (96.3%) women at 6 months and 310 (96.9%) women at 12 months. Across the study period, statistically significant reductions in insulin (TER=0.87, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=0.81-0.93), HOMA-IR (TER=0.86, 95% CI=0.80-0.93), and leptin (TER=0.82, 95% CI=0.78-0.87), and an increase in the adiponectin/leptin ratio (TER=1.21, 95% CI=1.13-1.28) were observed in the exercise group compared with the control group. No significant differences were observed for glucose, IGF1, IGFBP3, adiponectin or the IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio. Previously inactive postmenopausal women who engaged in a moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise program experienced changes in insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, and adiponectin/leptin that might decrease the risk for postmenopausal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Population Health Research, Alberta Health Services-Cancer Care, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N2.
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Bundy V, Johnson M, Gutin B, Zhu H, Stallmann-Jorgensen I, Dong Y. Adiponectin moderates the relationship between adiposity and leptin in adolescents regardless of gender or race. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2011; 24:119-24. [PMID: 21648277 PMCID: PMC3909950 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2011.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine gender or race differences in associations between adiposity and leptin, and whether adiponectin moderates these relationships. METHODS Subjects were 441 adolescents, 14-18 years old (44% black, 56% white; 50% female, 50% male). Percent body fat (%BF) was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Leptin and adiponectin were measured using immunoassays. RESULTS Among the four groups (white boys, white girls, black boys and black girls), white girls had the highest adiponectin (p = 0.0017) and black girls had the highest leptin (p = 0.0164). Percent BF and leptin were positively correlated (p = 0.0164). The %BF-leptin relationship was stronger in boys than girls (p < 0.0001). Those with lower adiponectin had a stronger %BF-leptin relationship than those with high adiponectin in the entire sample (p = 0.0220). Statistical models were adjusted for age, race, gender and the interaction between race and gender. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a protective metabolic interaction for adiponectin and lend additional support for obesity prevention strategies in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bundy
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Marques-Vidal P, Pécoud A, Hayoz D, Paccaud F, Mooser V, Waeber G, Vollenweider P. Normal weight obesity: relationship with lipids, glycaemic status, liver enzymes and inflammation. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:669-675. [PMID: 19748248 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Normal weight obesity (NWO) is defined as an excessive body fat associated with a normal body mass index (BMI) and has been associated with early inflammation, but its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors await investigation. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional study including 3213 women and 2912 men aged 35-75 years to assess the clinical characteristics of NWO in Lausanne, Switzerland. Body fat was assessed by bioimpedance. NWO was defined as a BMI<25 kg/m(2) and a % body fat ≥66(th) gender-specific percentiles. The prevalence of NWO was 5.4% in women and less than 3% in men, so the analysis was restricted to women. NWO women had a higher % of body fat than overweight women. After adjusting for age, smoking, educational level, physical activity and alcohol consumption, NWO women had higher blood pressure and lipid levels and a higher prevalence of dyslipidaemia (odds-ratio=1.90 [1.34-2.68]) and fasting hyperglycaemia (odds-ratio=1.63 [1.10-2.42]) than lean women, whereas no differences were found between NWO and overweight women. Conversely, no differences were found between NWO and lean women regarding levels of CRP, adiponectin and liver markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase). Using other definitions of NWO led to similar conclusions, albeit some differences were no longer significant. CONCLUSION NWO is almost nonexistent in men. Women with NWO present with higher cardiovascular risk factors than lean women, while no differences were found for liver or inflammatory markers. Specific screening of NWO might be necessary in order to implement cardiovascular prevention.
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Tan BK, Chen J, Brown J, Adya R, Ramanjaneya M, Menon V, Bailey CJ, Lehnert H, Randeva HS. In vivo and ex vivo regulation of visfatin production by leptin in human and murine adipose tissue: role of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways. Endocrinology 2009; 150:3530-9. [PMID: 19389835 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Visfatin is an adipogenic adipokine with increased levels in obesity, properties common to leptin. Thus, leptin may modulate visfatin production in adipose tissue (AT). Therefore, we investigated the effects of leptin on visfatin levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and human/murine AT, with or without a leptin antagonist. The potential signaling pathways and mechanisms regulating visfatin production in AT was also studied. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess the relative mRNA and protein expression of visfatin. ELISA was performed to measure visfatin levels in conditioned media of AT explants, and small interfering RNA technology was used to reduce leptin receptor expression. Leptin significantly (P < 0.01) increased visfatin levels in human and murine AT with a maximal response at leptin 10(-9) M, returning to baseline at leptin 10(-7) M. Importantly, ip leptin administration to C57BL/6 ob/ob mice further supported leptin-induced visfatin protein production in omental AT (P < 0.05). Additionally, soluble leptin receptor levels rose with concentration dependency to a maximal response at leptin 10(-7) M (P < 0.01). The use of a leptin antagonist negated the induction of visfatin and soluble leptin receptor by leptin. Furthermore, leptin-induced visfatin production was significantly decreased in the presence of MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors. Also, when the leptin receptor gene was knocked down using small interfering RNA, leptin-induced visfatin expression was significantly decreased. Thus, leptin increases visfatin production in AT in vivo and ex vivo via pathways involving MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. The pleiotropic effects of leptin may be partially mediated by visfatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee K Tan
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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Pollock NK, Laing EM, Baile CA, Lewis RD, Hamrick MW, Hall DB. Reply to TJ Cole et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1959a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norman K Pollock
- The University of Georgia, Department of Foods and Nutrition, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Emma M Laing
- The University of Georgia, Department of Foods and Nutrition, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Clifton A Baile
- The University of Georgia, Department of Foods and Nutrition, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Richard D Lewis
- The University of Georgia, Department of Foods and Nutrition, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Daniel B Hall
- The University of Georgia, Department of Statistics, Athens, GA 30602
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Ritland LM, Alekel DL, Matvienko OA, Hanson KB, Stewart JW, Hanson LN, Reddy MB, Van Loan MD, Genschel U. Centrally located body fat is related to appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol 2008; 158:889-97. [PMID: 18390991 PMCID: PMC2668216 DOI: 10.1530/eje-07-0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Body composition and energy homeostasis are thought to affect the appetitive hormones: adiponectin, leptin, insulin, and ghrelin. This study examined whether centrally located fat and/or overall adiposity were related to these appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women. DESIGN Overall and regional body composition was assessed by dual-energy X ray absorptiometry in relation to plasma adiponectin, serum leptin, serum insulin, and plasma ghrelin in 242 postmenopausal women. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that the androidal-to-gynoidal fat mass ratio (18.0%), age (3.2%), and white blood cell count (1.8%) accounted for 28% of the variability in adiponectin (F=22.2; P<0.0001); androidal (waist+hip) fat mass (66.0%), androidal fat mass(2) (6.2%), whole-body lean mass (2.2%), and age (0.8%) accounted for 69% of the variability in leptin (F=102.5; P<0.0001). Regression analyses revealed that sagittal abdominal diameter (8.4%), glucose (5.4%), white blood cell count (2.6%), and dietary omega-3 fatty acids (2.0%) accounted for 32% of the variability in insulin (F=20.8; P<0.0001); waist circumference (12.7%), hip lean mass (2.0%), and white blood cell count (1.9%) accounted for 26% of the variability in ghrelin (F=20.7; P<0.0001). Our results indicated that centralized fat mass was the primary contributor to these appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION Since central adiposity in postmenopausal women was related to appetitive hormones, minimizing weight gain during the menopausal transition may optimize appetitive hormones, thereby facilitating appetite control and weight maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Ritland
- Human Metabolic Unit, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 1115 Human Nutritional Sciences Building, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Petzel M. ACTION OF LEPTIN ON BONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MENOPAUSE. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2007; 151:195-9. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2007.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Effect of a weight loss intervention on anthropometric measures and metabolic risk factors in pre- versus postmenopausal women. Nutr J 2007; 6:31. [PMID: 17961235 PMCID: PMC2164948 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-6-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examines changes in body weight, fat mass, metabolic and hormonal parameters in overweight and obese pre- and postmenopausal women who participated in a weight loss intervention. METHODS Seventy-two subjects were included in the analysis of this single arm study (premenopausal: 22 women, age 43.7 +/- 6.4 years, BMI 31.0 +/- 2.4 kg/m2; postmenopausal: 50 women, age 58.2 +/- 5.1 years, BMI 32.9 +/- 3.7 kg/m2). Weight reduction was achieved by the use of a meal replacement and fat-reduced diet. In addition, from week 6 to 24 participants attended a guided exercise program. Body composition was analyzed with the Bod Pod(R). Blood pressures were taken at every visit and blood was collected at baseline and closeout of the study to evaluate lipids, insulin, cortisol and leptin levels. RESULTS BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, leptin and cortisol were higher in the postmenopausal women at baseline. Both groups achieved a substantial and comparable weight loss (pre- vs. postmenopausal: 6.7 +/- 4.9 vs 6.7 +/- 4.4 kg; n.s.). However, in contrast to premenopausal women, weight loss in postmenopausal women was exclusively due to a reduction of fat mass (-5.3 +/- 5.1 vs -6.6 +/- 4.1 kg; p < 0.01). In premenopausal women 21% of weight loss was attributed to a reduction in lean body mass. Blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and glucose improved significantly only in postmenopausal women whereas total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were lowered significantly in both groups. CONCLUSION Both groups showed comparable weight loss and in postmenopausal women weight loss was associated with a pronounced improvement in metabolic risk factors thereby reducing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
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