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Jayabalan T, Pandard P, Binotto G, Gomes J, Ceschini X, Aube A, Gondelle F, Pion F, Baumberger S, Jongerius A, Gosselink R, Cozzoni E, Marlair G. Safety profiling of technical lignins originating from various bioresources and conversion processes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32131. [PMID: 38988522 PMCID: PMC11233868 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, a set of eight technical lignin samples from various botanical origins and production processes were characterized for their chemical composition, higher heating value, size distribution, dust explosion sensitivity and severity, thermal hazard characteristics and biodegradability, in further support of their sustainable use. More specifically, safety-focused parameters have been assessed in terms of consistency with relating physico-chemical properties determined for the whole set of technical lignins. The results emphasized the heterogeneity and variability of technical lignins and the subsequent need for a comprehensive characterization of new lignin feedstocks arising from novel biorefineries. Indeed, significant differences were revealed between the samples in terms of hazards sensitivity. This first comparative physico-chemical safety profiling of technical lignins could be useful for the hazard analysis and the safe design of the facilities associated with large scale valorisation of biomass residues such as lignins, targeting "zero waste" sustainable conversion of bioresources.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Jayabalan
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (Ineris), Parc Technologique Alata, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - P. Pandard
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (Ineris), Parc Technologique Alata, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - G. Binotto
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (Ineris), Parc Technologique Alata, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - J. Gomes
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (Ineris), Parc Technologique Alata, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - X. Ceschini
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (Ineris), Parc Technologique Alata, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - A. Aube
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (Ineris), Parc Technologique Alata, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - F. Gondelle
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (Ineris), Parc Technologique Alata, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - F. Pion
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - S. Baumberger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - A. Jongerius
- Avantium Chemicals B.V., Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R.J.A. Gosselink
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E. Cozzoni
- BEES Design, Via Bargellini n. 7, 50059 Vinci, Florence, Italy
| | - G. Marlair
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (Ineris), Parc Technologique Alata, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
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2
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Uekert T, Walzberg J, Wikoff HM, Doyle MM, Carpenter AC. Strategies for Considering Environmental Justice in the Early-Stage Development of Circular Economy Technologies. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:8307-8312. [PMID: 38845759 PMCID: PMC11151278 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The circular economy could transform how industry and society approach resources and waste, resulting in significant environmental justice (EJ) implications. However, there are few resources for analyzing the EJ impacts of new circular economy technologies before they are deployed. This work presents an EJ framework tailored for early stage circular economy technologies and showcases its capabilities through a case study on enzymatic plastic recycling. By providing concise, actionable, and accessible guidelines based on technology readiness levels and a series of 20 questions, the framework empowers both experts and nonexperts to evaluate the justice implications of circular economy solutions. Preliminary user feedback highlights the approachability of the framework and its corresponding interactive worksheet, as well as their potential to stimulate innovative thinking toward a more just and sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Uekert
- Strategic
Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Bio-Optimized
Technologies to keep Thermoplastics out of Landfills and the Environment
(BOTTLE) Consortium, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Julien Walzberg
- Strategic
Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hope M. Wikoff
- Strategic
Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Meredith M. Doyle
- Bio-Optimized
Technologies to keep Thermoplastics out of Landfills and the Environment
(BOTTLE) Consortium, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Bioenergy
Science and Technology Department, National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alberta C. Carpenter
- Strategic
Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Bio-Optimized
Technologies to keep Thermoplastics out of Landfills and the Environment
(BOTTLE) Consortium, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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3
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Cannon AS, Anderson KR, Enright MC, Kleinsasser DG, Klotz AR, O’Neil NJ, Tucker LJ. Green Chemistry Teacher Professional Development in New York State High Schools: A Model for Advancing Green Chemistry. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2023; 100:2224-2232. [PMID: 37334056 PMCID: PMC10269322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Teaching green chemistry within the K-12 classroom has a positive impact on attitudes and perceptions of chemistry in society for future scientists and professionals, resulting in safer, less hazardous chemistry experiments and demonstrations. The state of New York has taken advantage of the benefits that green chemistry provide in the classroom and is a leader in professional development for high school teachers throughout the state. Between 2011 and 2016, Beyond Benign and Siena College implemented 14 workshops across the state as part of New York's Department of Environmental Conservation goal of reducing hazardous chemicals in schools. At these workshops, 224 teachers were introduced to green chemistry principles and practices and provided resources for replacing traditional laboratory experiments with alternatives that used safer materials. Two professional development models were implemented, a one-day introductory workshop and a three-day train-the-trainer style in-depth workshop, using collaborative, hands-on, intensive, and peer-learning techniques. In response to a 2021 follow-up survey, participants shared that they continue to use skills from the professional development they received and reported sharing about green chemistry with peers, parents, and administrators. The long-term engagement of the participants indicates that successful models were implemented to provide a path to develop teacher leaders. Professional development models are presented herein for sharing best practices and approaches for training high school teachers on green chemistry, providing numerous benefits to both teachers and students in high school classrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Cannon
- Beyond
Benign, 18 Church Street PO Box 1016, Wilmington, Massachusetts 01887, United States
| | - Kate R. Anderson
- Beyond
Benign, 18 Church Street PO Box 1016, Wilmington, Massachusetts 01887, United States
| | - Mollie C. Enright
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | | | - Ann R. Klotz
- Siena
College, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, New York 12211, United
States
| | - Natalie J. O’Neil
- Beyond
Benign, 18 Church Street PO Box 1016, Wilmington, Massachusetts 01887, United States
| | - Lucas J. Tucker
- Siena
College, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, New York 12211, United
States
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4
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Boobier S, Davies JC, Derbenev IN, Handley CM, Hirst JD. AI4Green: An Open-Source ELN for Green and Sustainable Chemistry. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2895-2901. [PMID: 37155346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An Electronic Laboratory Notebook (ELN) combining features, including data archival, collaboration tools, and green and sustainability metrics for organic chemistry, is presented. AI4Green is a web-based application, available as open-source code and free to use. It offers the core functionality of an ELN, namely, the ability to store reactions securely and share them among different members of a research team. As users plan their reactions and record them in the ELN, green and sustainable chemistry is encouraged by automatically calculating green metrics and color-coding hazards, solvents, and reaction conditions. The interface links a database constructed from data extracted from PubChem, enabling the automatic collation of information for reactions. The application's design facilitates the development of auxiliary sustainability applications, such as our Solvent Guide. As more reaction data are captured, subsequent work will include providing "intelligent" sustainability suggestions to the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Boobier
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph C Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan N Derbenev
- Digital Research Service, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG8 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Handley
- Digital Research Service, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG8 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Hirst
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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5
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Soong YHV, Sobkowicz MJ, Xie D. Recent Advances in Biological Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Wastes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:98. [PMID: 35324787 PMCID: PMC8945055 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most commonly used polyester plastics worldwide but is extremely difficult to be hydrolyzed in a natural environment. PET plastic is an inexpensive, lightweight, and durable material, which can readily be molded into an assortment of products that are used in a broad range of applications. Most PET is used for single-use packaging materials, such as disposable consumer items and packaging. Although PET plastics are a valuable resource in many aspects, the proliferation of plastic products in the last several decades have resulted in a negative environmental footprint. The long-term risk of released PET waste in the environment poses a serious threat to ecosystems, food safety, and even human health in modern society. Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts. Current clean-up strategies have attempted to alleviate the adverse impacts of PET pollution but are unable to compete with the increasing quantities of PET waste exposed to the environment. In this review paper, current PET recycling methods to improve life cycle and waste management are discussed, which can be further implemented to reduce plastics pollution and its impacts on health and environment. Compared with conventional mechanical and chemical recycling processes, the biotechnological recycling of PET involves enzymatic degradation of the waste PET and the followed bioconversion of degraded PET monomers into value-added chemicals. This approach creates a circular PET economy by recycling waste PET or upcycling it into more valuable products with minimal environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hue Valerie Soong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Margaret J. Sobkowicz
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Dongming Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
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6
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Occupational Health and Safety Scope Significance in Achieving Sustainability. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A safe and healthy working environment is vital for overall sustainability, due to the fact that it affects opportunities of economic and social development. However, according to the International Labour Organization (ILO), despite the international commitment to Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) via the 2030’s Agenda Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), work-related accidents are still far too common. Work-related mortality accounts for 5% of all deaths worldwide; a toll which has increased dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, in the context of COVID-19, new demands on the labour market, such as teleworking, adequate protective measures, and proper use of personal protective equipment when physical presence cannot be avoided, are necessitating new approaches to ensure health and safety. Arguably, education can be viewed as a cross-cutting strategy in advance of a culture of safety for future generations, through strengthening skills and broadening knowledge. Indeed, even though education cannot be considered a panacea, related to SDG 4, which seeks to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all, it can be considered a critical component to deal with OSH issues using a preventive, rather than a reactive, approach. Given this fact, European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) has stressed the prevention approach through mainstreaming OSH in education at all levels, and in all fields of vocational and academic training. Aware of the potential of universities to provide graduates the broad-based knowledge to produce labour-market skills including OSH, the aim of this study is to contribute to the discussion on mainstreaming OSH into Greek university education, using Harokopio University (HUA) as a case study. For this purpose, a web-based survey was conducted to address HUA’s students, faculty members, and staff OSH knowledge, risks awareness, and attitudes, as well as their perceptions, opinions, and beliefs about the role of OSH for academia. A statistical analysis depicted respondents’ high level of willingness to contribute to the promotion of OSH, while additional evidence suggests a considerable commitment of the respondents to participate in HUA’s OSH-related training and education.
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7
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Milliken S, Thiessen AN, Cheong IT, O'Connor KM, Li Z, Hooper RW, Robidillo CJT, Veinot JGC. "Turning the dials": controlling synthesis, structure, composition, and surface chemistry to tailor silicon nanoparticle properties. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16379-16404. [PMID: 34492675 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) can be challenging to prepare with defined size, crystallinity, composition, and surface chemistry. As is the case for any nanomaterial, controlling these parameters is essential if SiNPs are to realize their full potential in areas such as alternative energy generation and storage, sensors, and medical imaging. Numerous teams have explored and established innovative synthesis methods, as well as surface functionalization protocols to control these factors. Furthermore, substantial effort has been expended to understand how the abovementioned parameters influence material properties. In the present review we provide a commentary highlighting the benefits and limitations of available methods for preparing silicon nanoparticles as well as demonstrations of tailoring optical and electronic properties through definition of structure (i.e., crystalline vs. amorphous), composition and surface chemistry. Finally, we highlight potential opportunities for future SiNP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Milliken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | | | - I Teng Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Kevin M O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Riley W Hooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
| | | | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry, Edmonton, Canada.
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8
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Speaking Up about Workplace Safety: An Experimental Study on Safety Leadership. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we test whether different types of safety leadership styles predict different employees’ change-oriented discretionary communications about safety (i.e., safety voice) after controlling for proactive personality disposition to improve organizational sustainability. Building upon a multidimensional model of safety voice, which attempts to conceptualize different ways in which employees make suggestions about safety procedures, we developed four realistic scenarios in which we manipulated the supervisor’s safety leadership style, including: (1) transformational safety leadership, (2) transactional safety leadership, (3) passive safety leadership, and (4) control group (i.e., no leadership at all). We randomly assigned 103 participants to two of four scenarios and measured four facets of safety voice and proactive personality dispositions. The findings showed that after controlling for the respondents’ proactive personality, transformative safety leadership predicted promotive safety voice, transactional safety leadership predicted preventive safety voice, and passive safety leadership predicted hostile safety voice. These findings have a number of implications for our understanding of safety leadership and employees’ safety communications.
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9
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Development of BIM-Based Risk Rating Estimation Automation and a Design-for-Safety Review System. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Various laws and guidelines on designing for safety have been developed world-wide, and these were used to identify risks at construction sites in advance through qualitative and quantitative safe management. In other words, attention is being paid to safe management based on design drawings and models rather than field visits. It was predicted that the introduction of the concept of design-for-safety would minimize risk at construction sites through safe management in the design phase. This is because the efficiency and reliability of such a strategy has been demonstrated in various cases abroad. However, domestic design-for-safety suggests a very limited range of evaluation items, so there is a limit to using such strategies in construction sites. Building information modeling (BIM) technology is attracting attention in situations when safe management must also be based on design proposals. Although previous studies on the identification of falling disasters and automatic identification of hazards have been conducted, these studies only deal with a limited range of items for identifying risk items. For example, BIM-based risk extraction, which is limited to falling disasters, is only at the level of risk recognition that can be derived based on the process table, and evaluation is not made accordingly. It is difficult to assess the overall disaster risk in many of the items required for risk rating estimation. In this paper, we solve the above problems by deriving a BIM-based risk rating estimation scenario based on the disaster scenario for automating BIM-based risk rating estimation, and we developed an evaluation system using this method. The BIM-based risk rating estimation methodology was presented through BIM-based hazard extraction, evaluation of requirement information, evaluation item selection, and using the evaluation system in a design-for-safety review.
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10
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Kühlborn J, Groß J, Opatz T. Making natural products from renewable feedstocks: back to the roots? Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:380-424. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the utilization of biomass-derived building blocks in the total synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kühlborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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11
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Semenzin E, Giubilato E, Badetti E, Picone M, Volpi Ghirardini A, Hristozov D, Brunelli A, Marcomini A. Guiding the development of sustainable nano-enabled products for the conservation of works of art: proposal for a framework implementing the Safe by Design concept. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26146-26158. [PMID: 31280439 PMCID: PMC6717188 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology provides innovative and promising solutions for the conservation of cultural heritage, but the development and application of new nano-enabled products pose concerns regarding their human health and environmental risks. To address these issues, we propose a sustainability framework implementing the Safe by Design concept to support product developers in the early steps of product development, with the aim to provide safer nano-formulations for conservation, while retaining their functionality. In addition, this framework can support the assessment of sustainability of new products and their comparison to their conventional chemical counterparts if any. The goal is to promote the selection and use of safer and more sustainable nano-based products in different conservation contexts. The application of the proposed framework is illustrated through a hypothetical case which provides a realistic example of the methodological steps to be followed, tailored and iterated along the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy.
| | - Elisa Giubilato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Badetti
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Marco Picone
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Danail Hristozov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Brunelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
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12
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Verma A, Gautam SP, Bansal KK, Prabhakar N, Rosenholm JM. Green Nanotechnology: Advancement in Phytoformulation Research. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E39. [PMID: 30875823 PMCID: PMC6473607 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of any scientific development is to increase well-being and human health. Novel strategies are required for the achievement of safe and effective therapeutic treatments beyond the conventional ones, and society needs new requirements for new technologies, moving towards clean and green technology development. Green nanotechnology is a branch of green technology that utilizes the concepts of green chemistry and green engineering. It reduces the use of energy and fuel by using less material and renewable inputs wherever possible. Green nanotechnology, in phytoformulations, significantly contributes to environmental sustainability through the production of nanomaterials and nanoproducts, without causing harm to human health or the environment. The rationale behind the utilization of plants in nanoparticle formulations is that they are easily available and possess a broad variability of metabolites, such as vitamins, antioxidants, and nucleotides. For instance, gold (Au) nanoparticles have attracted substantial attention for their controllable size, shape, and surface properties. A variety of copper (Cu) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles have also been synthesized from plant extracts. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles are also important metal oxide nanomaterials that have been synthesized from a number of plant extracts. International and domestic laws, government and private-party programs, regulations and policies are being carefully reviewed and revised to increase their utility and nurture these nanoscale materials for commercialization. Inspiring debates and government initiatives are required to promote the sustainable use of nanoscale products. In this review, we will discuss the potential of the utilization of plant extracts in the advancement of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Verma
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Surya P Gautam
- CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jalandhar 144020, India.
| | - Kuldeep K Bansal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Neeraj Prabhakar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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13
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Lakshmidevi J, Appa RM, Naidu BR, Prasad SS, Sarma LS, Venkateswarlu K. WEPA: a bio-derived medium for added base, π-acid and ligand free Ullmann coupling of aryl halides using Pd(OAc) 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12333-12336. [PMID: 30320316 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A bio-derived sustainable medium based on water extract of pomegranate ash (WEPA) has, for the first time, been developed for the homocoupling of aryl halides under palladium-assistance. Avoiding the requirement of an external base, ligand and π-acid, the use of the proposed renewable medium offers remarkable attributes like wide substrate scope, good to nearly quantitative yields of biphenyls with exceptional chemoselectivity and scale up viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangam Lakshmidevi
- Laboratory for Synthetic & Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516005, India.
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14
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Zardad A, Mabrouk M, Marimuthu T, du Toit L, Kumar P, Choonara Y, Kondiah P, Badhe R, Chejara D, Pillay V. Synthesis and biocompatibility of dual-responsive thermosonic injectable organogels based on crosslinked N-(isopropyl acrylamide) for tumour microenvironment targeting. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:148-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Zhou LJ, Cao QG, Yu K, Wang LL, Wang HB. Research on Occupational Safety, Health Management and Risk Control Technology in Coal Mines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E868. [PMID: 29701715 PMCID: PMC5981907 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the occupational safety and health management methods as well as risk control technology associated with the coal mining industry, including daily management of occupational safety and health, identification and assessment of risks, early warning and dynamic monitoring of risks, etc.; also, a B/S mode software (Geting Coal Mine, Jining, Shandong, China), i.e., Coal Mine Occupational Safety and Health Management and Risk Control System, is developed to attain the aforementioned objectives, namely promoting the coal mine occupational safety and health management based on early warning and dynamic monitoring of risks. Furthermore, the practical effectiveness and the associated pattern for applying this software package to coal mining is analyzed. The study indicates that the presently developed coal mine occupational safety and health management and risk control technology and the associated software can support the occupational safety and health management efforts in coal mines in a standardized and effective manner. It can also control the accident risks scientifically and effectively; its effective implementation can further improve the coal mine occupational safety and health management mechanism, and further enhance the risk management approaches. Besides, its implementation indicates that the occupational safety and health management and risk control technology has been established based on a benign cycle involving dynamic feedback and scientific development, which can provide a reliable assurance to the safe operation of coal mines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Jie Zhou
- College of Minging and Safety Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Qing-Gui Cao
- College of Minging and Safety Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Kai Yu
- College of Minging and Safety Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- College of Minging and Safety Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Hai-Bin Wang
- Geting Coal Mine, Zibo Mining Group Company, Jining 272053, China.
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Iavicoli I, Leso V, Beezhold DH, Shvedova AA. Nanotechnology in agriculture: Opportunities, toxicological implications, and occupational risks. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 329:96-111. [PMID: 28554660 PMCID: PMC6380358 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to make a beneficial impact on several agricultural, forestry, and environmental challenges, such as urbanization, energy constraints, and sustainable use of resources. However, new environmental and human health hazards may emerge from nano-enhanced applications. This raises concerns for agricultural workers who may become primarily exposed to such xenobiotics during their job tasks. The aim of this review is to discuss promising solutions that nanotechnology may provide in agricultural activities, with a specific focus on critical aspects, challenging issues, and research needs for occupational risk assessment and management in this emerging field. Eco-toxicological aspects were not the focus of the review. Nano-fertilizers, (nano-sized nutrients, nano-coated fertilizers, or engineered metal-oxide or carbon-based nanomaterials per se), and nano-pesticides, (nano-formulations of traditional active ingredients or inorganic nanomaterials), may provide a targeted/controlled release of agrochemicals, aimed to obtain their fullest biological efficacy without over-dosage. Nano-sensors and nano-remediation methods may detect and remove environmental contaminants. However, limited knowledge concerning nanomaterial biosafety, adverse effects, fate, and acquired biological reactivity once dispersed into the environment, requires further scientific efforts to assess possible nano-agricultural risks. In this perspective, toxicological research should be aimed to define nanomaterial hazards and levels of exposure along the life-cycle of nano-enabled products, and to assess those physico-chemical features affecting nanomaterial toxicity, possible interactions with agro-system co-formulants, and stressors. Overall, this review highlights the importance to define adequate risk management strategies for workers, occupational safety practices and policies, as well as to develop a responsible regulatory consensus on nanotechnology in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health, Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Donald H Beezhold
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 9229, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE "Green collar" workers serve in occupations that directly improve environmental quality and sustainability. This study estimates and compares the prevalence of select physical and chemical exposures among green versus non-green U.S. workers. METHODS Data from the U.S. 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Occupational Health Supplement were linked to the Occupational Information Network (ONET) Database. We examined four main exposures: 1) vapors, gas, dust, fumes (VGDF); 2) secondhand tobacco smoke; 3) skin hazards; 4) outdoor work. RESULTS Green-collar workers were significantly more likely to report exposure to VGDF and outdoor work than nongreen-collar workers [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.40; AOR = 1.44 (1.26 to 1.63), respectively]. Green-collar workers were less likely to be exposed to chemicals (AOR = 0.80; 0.69 to 0.92). CONCLUSIONS Green-collar workers appear to be at a greater risk for select workplace exposures. As the green industry continues to grow, it is important to identify these occupational hazards in order to maximize worker health.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe the socio-demographic, occupational, and health characteristics of "green collar" workers, a vital and emerging workforce in energy-efficiency and sustainability. METHODS We linked data from the 2004 to 2012 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) and US Occupational Information Network (O*NET). Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted using green collar worker status as the outcome (n = 143,346). RESULTS Green collar workers are more likely than non-green workers to be men, age 25 to 64 years, obese, and with less than or equal to high school (HS) education. They are less likely to be racial/ethnic minorities and employed in small companies or government jobs. CONCLUSIONS Green collar workers have a distinct socio-demographic and occupational profile, and this workforce deserves active surveillance to protect its workers' safety. The NHIS-O*NET linkage represents a valuable resource to further identify the unique exposures and characteristics of this occupational sector.
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Alves VM, Muratov EN, Zakharov A, Muratov NN, Andrade CH, Tropsha A. Chemical toxicity prediction for major classes of industrial chemicals: Is it possible to develop universal models covering cosmetics, drugs, and pesticides? Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:526-534. [PMID: 28412406 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Computational models have earned broad acceptance for assessing chemical toxicity during early stages of drug discovery or environmental safety assessment. The majority of publicly available QSAR toxicity models have been developed for datasets including mostly drugs or drug-like compounds. We have evaluated and compared chemical spaces occupied by cosmetics, drugs, and pesticides, and explored whether current computational models of toxicity endpoints can be universally applied to all these chemicals. Our analysis of the chemical space overlap and applicability domain (AD) of models built previously for twenty different toxicity endpoints showed that most of these models afforded high coverage (>90%) for all three classes of compounds analyzed herein. Only T. pyriformis models demonstrated lower coverage for drugs and pesticides (38% and 54%, respectively). These results show that, for the most part, historical QSAR models built with data available for different toxicity endpoints can be used for toxicity assessment of novel chemicals irrespective of the intended commercial use; however, the AD restriction is necessary to assure the expected prediction accuracy. Local models may need to be developed to capture chemicals that appear as outliers with respect to global models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius M Alves
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Eugene N Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Chemical Technology, Odessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa, 65000, Ukraine
| | - Alexey Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Nail N Muratov
- Department of Chemical Technology, Odessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa, 65000, Ukraine
| | - Carolina H Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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20
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Kumar S, Das G, Shin HS, Patra JK. Dioscorea spp. (A Wild Edible Tuber): A Study on Its Ethnopharmacological Potential and Traditional Use by the Local People of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, India. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:52. [PMID: 28261094 PMCID: PMC5306286 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of wild crops remain unexplored in this world and among them some have excellent medicinal and nutritional properties. India is a harbor of biodiversity in general and phytodiversity in particular. The plant diversity is distributed from the Western Ghats to Eastern Ghats, along with the North-Eastern region and from the Greater Himalayas to the plain of Ganga. Among these distributed floral regions of the country, the Eastern Ghats are important due to their rich floral diversity. The forests of Odisha form a major part of Eastern Ghats in general and the Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR) in particular. The SBR is inhabited by many local communities. The food and medicinal habits of these communities are not fully explored even today. They are dependent on the forests of SBR for their food and medicine. Among their collections from forests, root and tuberous plants play a significant role. The local communities of SBR use about 89 types of tuberous plants for various purposes. Dioscorea is one such tuber, having maximum use among the local of SBR. However, less documentation and no specific reports are available on the food and medicinal values of the species available in this part of the World. Dioscorea species, popularly known as Yam worldwide and as Ban Aalu in Odisha, India, is a prime staple medicinal-food substitute for the majority of rural and local people of the state of India. Of the 13 Dioscorea species available in SBR, 10 species are known to be bitter in taste and unpalatable when taken raw. Since less documentation is available on the Dioscorea species of SBR and their traditional uses, the present study was focused on the ethnobotany, nutritional and pharmacological values of these species along its nutraceutical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeet Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University Cuttack, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul Goyang-si, South Korea
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21
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Maksimović M, Omanović-Mikličanin E. Towards green nanotechnology: maximizing benefits and minimizing harm. IFMBE PROCEEDINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4166-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Alves VM, Capuzzi SJ, Muratov E, Braga RC, Thornton T, Fourches D, Strickland J, Kleinstreuer N, Andrade CH, Tropsha A. QSAR models of human data can enrich or replace LLNA testing for human skin sensitization. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2016; 18:6501-6515. [PMID: 28630595 PMCID: PMC5473635 DOI: 10.1039/c6gc01836j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Skin sensitization is a major environmental and occupational health hazard. Although many chemicals have been evaluated in humans, there have been no efforts to model these data to date. We have compiled, curated, analyzed, and compared the available human and LLNA data. Using these data, we have developed reliable computational models and applied them for virtual screening of chemical libraries to identify putative skin sensitizers. The overall concordance between murine LLNA and human skin sensitization responses for a set of 135 unique chemicals was low (R = 28-43%), although several chemical classes had high concordance. We have succeeded to develop predictive QSAR models of all available human data with the external correct classification rate of 71%. A consensus model integrating concordant QSAR predictions and LLNA results afforded a higher CCR of 82% but at the expense of the reduced external dataset coverage (52%). We used the developed QSAR models for virtual screening of CosIng database and identified 1061 putative skin sensitizers; for seventeen of these compounds, we found published evidence of their skin sensitization effects. Models reported herein provide more accurate alternative to LLNA testing for human skin sensitization assessment across diverse chemical data. In addition, they can also be used to guide the structural optimization of toxic compounds to reduce their skin sensitization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius M. Alves
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Stephen J. Capuzzi
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Eugene Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Chemical Technology, Odessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa, 65000, Ukraine
| | - Rodolpho C. Braga
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Thomas Thornton
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Denis Fourches
- Department of Chemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Judy Strickland
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Carolina H. Andrade
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Air Pollution Monitoring Changes to Accompany the Transition from a Control to a Systems Focus. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8121216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alves V, Muratov E, Capuzzi S, Politi R, Low Y, Braga R, Zakharov AV, Sedykh A, Mokshyna E, Farag S, Andrade C, Kuz'min V, Fourches D, Tropsha A. Alarms about structural alerts. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2016; 18:4348-4360. [PMID: 28503093 PMCID: PMC5423727 DOI: 10.1039/c6gc01492e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Structural alerts are widely accepted in chemical toxicology and regulatory decision support as a simple and transparent means to flag potential chemical hazards or group compounds into categories for read-across. However, there has been a growing concern that alerts disproportionally flag too many chemicals as toxic, which questions their reliability as toxicity markers. Conversely, the rigorously developed and properly validated statistical QSAR models can accurately and reliably predict the toxicity of a chemical; however, their use in regulatory toxicology has been hampered by the lack of transparency and interpretability. We demonstrate that contrary to the common perception of QSAR models as "black boxes" they can be used to identify statistically significant chemical substructures (QSAR-based alerts) that influence toxicity. We show through several case studies, however, that the mere presence of structural alerts in a chemical, irrespective of the derivation method (expert-based or QSAR-based), should be perceived only as hypotheses of possible toxicological effect. We propose a new approach that synergistically integrates structural alerts and rigorously validated QSAR models for a more transparent and accurate safety assessment of new chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Alves
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Design, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Eugene Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Chemical Technology, Odessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa, 65000, Ukraine
| | - Stephen Capuzzi
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Regina Politi
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yen Low
- Netflix, San Francisco, CA 94123, USA
| | - Rodolpho Braga
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Design, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Alexey V. Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Elena Mokshyna
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, A.V. Bogatsky Physical-Chemical Institute NAS of Ukraine, Odessa, 65080, Ukraine
| | - Sherif Farag
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Carolina Andrade
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Design, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Victor Kuz'min
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, A.V. Bogatsky Physical-Chemical Institute NAS of Ukraine, Odessa, 65080, Ukraine
| | - Denis Fourches
- Department of Chemistry and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Cheneval E, Busque MA, Ostiguy C, Lavoie J, Bourbonnais R, Labrèche F, Bakhiyi B, Zayed J. Green Jobs: Definition and Method of Appraisal of Chemical and Biological Risks. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2016; 60:290-304. [PMID: 26718400 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mev089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the wake of sustainable development, green jobs are developing rapidly, changing the work environment. However a green job is not automatically a safe job. The aim of the study was to define green jobs, and to establish a preliminary risk assessment of chemical substances and biological agents for workers in Quebec. An operational definition was developed, along with criteria and sustainable development principles to discriminate green jobs from regular jobs. The potential toxicity or hazard associated with their chemical and biological exposures was assessed, and the workers' exposure appraised using an expert assessment method. A control banding approach was then used to assess risks for workers in selected green jobs. A double entry model allowed us to set priorities in terms of chemical or biological risk. Among jobs that present the highest risk potential, several are related to waste management. The developed method is flexible and could be adapted to better appraise the risks that workers are facing or to propose control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Cheneval
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Busque
- Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 De Maisonneuve BlvdWest, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Ostiguy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 De Maisonneuve BlvdWest, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Lavoie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 De Maisonneuve BlvdWest, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Bourbonnais
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - France Labrèche
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 De Maisonneuve BlvdWest, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bouchra Bakhiyi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joseph Zayed
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 De Maisonneuve BlvdWest, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockström J, Cornell SE, Fetzer I, Bennett EM, Biggs R, Carpenter SR, de Vries W, de Wit CA, Folke C, Gerten D, Heinke J, Mace GM, Persson LM, Ramanathan V, Reyers B, Sörlin S. Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science 2015. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1259855 10.1126/science.1259855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Crossing the boundaries in global sustainability
The planetary boundary (PB) concept, introduced in 2009, aimed to define the environmental limits within which humanity can safely operate. This approach has proved influential in global sustainability policy development. Steffen
et al.
provide an updated and extended analysis of the PB framework. Of the original nine proposed boundaries, they identify three (including climate change) that might push the Earth system into a new state if crossed and that also have a pervasive influence on the remaining boundaries. They also develop the PB framework so that it can be applied usefully in a regional context.
Science
, this issue
10.1126/science.1259855
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Steffen
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Katherine Richardson
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Rockström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah E. Cornell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingo Fetzer
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena M. Bennett
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, 21, 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Reinette Biggs
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Studies in Complexity, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Stephen R. Carpenter
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Wim de Vries
- Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Cynthia A. de Wit
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Folke
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dieter Gerten
- Research Domain Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegraphenberg A62, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jens Heinke
- Research Domain Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegraphenberg A62, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
- CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization), St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Georgina M. Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Linn M. Persson
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, SE-10451 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veerabhadran Ramanathan
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, Delhi 110070, India
| | - Belinda Reyers
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Sverker Sörlin
- Division of History of Science, Technology and Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockstrom J, Cornell SE, Fetzer I, Bennett EM, Biggs R, Carpenter SR, de Vries W, de Wit CA, Folke C, Gerten D, Heinke J, Mace GM, Persson LM, Ramanathan V, Reyers B, Sorlin S. Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science 2015; 347:1259855. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1259855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5235] [Impact Index Per Article: 581.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Lentz TJ, Dotson GS, Williams PR, Maier A, Gadagbui B, Pandalai SP, Lamba A, Hearl F, Mumtaz M. Aggregate Exposure and Cumulative Risk Assessment--Integrating Occupational and Non-occupational Risk Factors. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S112-26. [PMID: 26583907 PMCID: PMC4654690 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1060326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure limits have traditionally focused on preventing morbidity and mortality arising from inhalation exposures to individual chemical stressors in the workplace. While central to occupational risk assessment, occupational exposure limits have limited application as a refined disease prevention tool because they do not account for all of the complexities of the work and non-occupational environments and are based on varying health endpoints. To be of greater utility, occupational exposure limits and other risk management tools could integrate broader consideration of risks from multiple exposure pathways and routes (aggregate risk) as well as the combined risk from exposure to both chemical and non-chemical stressors, within and beyond the workplace, including the possibility that such exposures may cause interactions or modify the toxic effects observed (cumulative risk). Although still at a rudimentary stage in many cases, a variety of methods and tools have been developed or are being used in allied risk assessment fields to incorporate such considerations in the risk assessment process. These approaches, which are collectively referred to as cumulative risk assessment, have potential to be adapted or modified for occupational scenarios and provide a tangible path forward for occupational risk assessment. Accounting for complex exposures in the workplace and the broader risks faced by the individual also requires a more complete consideration of the composite effects of occupational and non-occupational risk factors to fully assess and manage worker health problems. Barriers to integrating these different factors remain, but new and ongoing community-based and worker health-related initiatives may provide mechanisms for identifying and integrating risk from aggregate exposures and cumulative risks from all relevant sources, be they occupational or non-occupational.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Lentz
- Education and Information Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - G. S. Dotson
- Education and Information Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - A. Maier
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - B. Gadagbui
- Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - S. P. Pandalai
- Education and Information Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - A. Lamba
- Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
| | - F. Hearl
- Office of the Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC
| | - M. Mumtaz
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Abstract
Chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate, known as PET, has been the subject of increased interest as a valuable feedstock for different chemical processes. In this work, glycolysis of PET waste granules was carried out using excess ethylene glycol in the presence of different simple chemicals acting as catalysts, which are, namely, categorized in ionic liquids, metal salts, hydrotalcites, and enzymes. From every category, some materials as a sample were used, and the one which is going to bring the best result is noted. The effect of some parameters such as temperature, pressure, amount of sample, material ratio, and stirring rate was investigated. As a result we compared the best of each category with the others and final result is shown.
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Bakhiyi B, Labrèche F, Zayed J. The photovoltaic industry on the path to a sustainable future--environmental and occupational health issues. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 73:224-234. [PMID: 25168128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As it supplies solar power, a priori considered harmless for the environment and human health compared with fossil fuels, the photovoltaic (PV) industry seems to contribute optimally to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, overall, to sustainable development. However, considering the forecast for rapid growth, its use of potentially toxic substances and manufacturing processes presenting health and safety problems may jeopardize its benefits. This paper aims to establish a profile of the PV industry in order to determine current and emerging environmental and health concerns. A review of PV system life cycle assessments, in light of the current state of the industry and its developmental prospects, reveals information deficits concerning some sensitive life cycle indicators and environmental impacts, together with incomplete information on toxicological data and studies of workers' exposure to different chemical and physical hazards. Although solar panel installation is generally considered relatively safe, the occupational health concerns related to the growing number of hazardous materials handled in the PV industry warrants an all-inclusive occupational health and safety approach in order to achieve an optimal equilibrium with sustainability. To prevent eco-health problems from offsetting the benefits currently offered by the PV industry, manufacturers should cooperate actively with workers, researchers and government agencies toward improved and more transparent research, the adoption of specific and stricter regulations, the implementation of preventive risk management of occupational health and safety and, lastly, greater responsibilization toward PV systems from their design until their end of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Bakhiyi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - France Labrèche
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph Zayed
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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31
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Iavicoli I, Leso V, Ricciardi W, Hodson LL, Hoover MD. Opportunities and challenges of nanotechnology in the green economy. Environ Health 2014; 13:78. [PMID: 25294341 PMCID: PMC4201727 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In a world of finite resources and ecosystem capacity, the prevailing model of economic growth, founded on ever-increasing consumption of resources and emission pollutants, cannot be sustained any longer. In this context, the "green economy" concept has offered the opportunity to change the way that society manages the interaction of the environmental and economic domains. To enable society to build and sustain a green economy, the associated concept of "green nanotechnology" aims to exploit nano-innovations in materials science and engineering to generate products and processes that are energy efficient as well as economically and environmentally sustainable. These applications are expected to impact a large range of economic sectors, such as energy production and storage, clean up-technologies, as well as construction and related infrastructure industries. These solutions may offer the opportunities to reduce pressure on raw materials trading on renewable energy, to improve power delivery systems to be more reliable, efficient and safe as well as to use unconventional water sources or nano-enabled construction products therefore providing better ecosystem and livelihood conditions.However, the benefits of incorporating nanomaterials in green products and processes may bring challenges with them for environmental, health and safety risks, ethical and social issues, as well as uncertainty concerning market and consumer acceptance. Therefore, our aim is to examine the relationships among guiding principles for a green economy and opportunities for introducing nano-applications in this field as well as to critically analyze their practical challenges, especially related to the impact that they may have on the health and safety of workers involved in this innovative sector. These are principally due to the not fully known nanomaterial hazardous properties, as well as to the difficulties in characterizing exposure and defining emerging risks for the workforce. Interestingly, this review proposes action strategies for the assessment, management and communication of risks aimed to precautionary adopt preventive measures including formation and training of employees, collective and personal protective equipment, health surveillance programs to protect the health and safety of nano-workers. It finally underlines the importance that occupational health considerations will have on achieving an effectively sustainable development of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- />Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco, Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Veruscka Leso
- />Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco, Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- />Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco, Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura L Hodson
- />National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA
| | - Mark D Hoover
- />National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS H2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
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