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Bhandari K, Ding WQ. Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: New Molecular Targets for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3958. [PMID: 38612768 PMCID: PMC11011826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignant disease with a low 5-year overall survival rate. It is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The lack of robust therapeutics, absence of effective biomarkers for early detection, and aggressive nature of the tumor contribute to the high mortality rate of PDAC. Notably, the outcomes of recent immunotherapy and targeted therapy against PDAC remain unsatisfactory, indicating the need for novel therapeutic strategies. One of the newly described molecular features of PDAC is the altered expression of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). PRMTs are a group of enzymes known to methylate arginine residues in both histone and non-histone proteins, thereby mediating cellular homeostasis in biological systems. Some of the PRMT enzymes are known to be overexpressed in PDAC that promotes tumor progression and chemo-resistance via regulating gene transcription, cellular metabolic processes, RNA metabolism, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Small-molecule inhibitors of PRMTs are currently under clinical trials and can potentially become a new generation of anti-cancer drugs. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of PRMTs in PDAC, focusing on their pathological roles and their potential as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, BMSB401A, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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2
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Wang Y, Wang C, Guan X, Ma Y, Zhang S, Li F, Yin Y, Sun Z, Chen X, Yin H. PRMT3-Mediated Arginine Methylation of METTL14 Promotes Malignant Progression and Treatment Resistance in Endometrial Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303812. [PMID: 37973560 PMCID: PMC10754120 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) plays essential roles in tumor initiation and progression, but its underlying mechanisms in the treatment sensitivity of endometrial cancer (EC) remain unclear and warrant further investigation. Here, a comprehensive analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas database and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium database identifies that PRMT3 plays an important role in EC. Specifically, further experiments show that PRMT3 inhibition enhances the susceptibility of EC cells to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, PRMT3 interacts with Methyltransferase 14 (METTL14) and is involved in its arginine methylation. In addition, PRMT3 inhibition-mediated METTL14 overexpression promotes methylation modification via an m6 A-YTHDF2-dependent mechanism, reducing Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mRNA stability, increasing lipid peroxidation levels, and accelerating ferroptosis. Notably, combined PRMT3 blockade and anti-PD-1 therapy display more potent antitumor effects by accelerating ferroptosis in cell-derived xenograft models. The specific PRMT3 inhibitor SGC707 exerts the same immunotherapeutic sensitizing effect in a patient-derived xenograft model. Notably, blocking PRMT3 improves tumor suppression in response to cisplatin and radiation therapy. Altogether, this work demonstrates that PRMT3 depletion is a promising target for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Wang
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiang150000China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiang150000China
| | - Xue Guan
- Animal Laboratory CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang150000China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiang150000China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Radiation OncologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiang150000China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiang150000China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiang150000China
| | - Zhenxing Sun
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiang150000China
| | - Xiuwei Chen
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiang150000China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Radiation OncologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiang150000China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and TherapyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang150000China
- Department of Health Technology and InformaticsHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong27665111China
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3
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Harada K, Carr SM, Shrestha A, La Thangue NB. Citrullination and the protein code: crosstalk between post-translational modifications in cancer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220243. [PMID: 37778382 PMCID: PMC10542456 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are central to epigenetic regulation and cellular signalling, playing an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases. Growing evidence indicates that protein arginine citrullination, catalysed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), is involved in many aspects of molecular and cell biology and is emerging as a potential druggable target in multiple diseases including cancer. However, we are only just beginning to understand the molecular activities of PADs, and their underlying mechanistic details in vivo under both physiological and pathological conditions. Many questions still remain regarding the dynamic cellular functions of citrullination and its interplay with other types of PTMs. This review, therefore, discusses the known functions of PADs with a focus on cancer biology, highlighting the cross-talk between citrullination and other types of PTMs, and how this interplay regulates downstream biological events. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'The virtues and vices of protein citrullination'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyo Harada
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Simon M. Carr
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Amit Shrestha
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nicholas B. La Thangue
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Angarola BL, Sharma S, Katiyar N, Gu Kang H, Nehar-Belaid D, Park S, Gott R, Eryilmaz GN, LaBarge MA, Palucka K, Chuang JH, Korstanje R, Ucar D, Anczukow O. Comprehensive single cell aging atlas of mammary tissues reveals shared epigenomic and transcriptomic signatures of aging and cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.20.563147. [PMID: 37961129 PMCID: PMC10634680 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for breast cancer; however, how age-related cellular and molecular events impact cancer initiation is unknown. We investigate how aging rewires transcriptomic and epigenomic programs of mouse mammary glands at single cell resolution, yielding a comprehensive resource for aging and cancer biology. Aged epithelial cells exhibit epigenetic and transcriptional changes in metabolic, pro-inflammatory, or cancer-associated genes. Aged stromal cells downregulate fibroblast marker genes and upregulate markers of senescence and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Among immune cells, distinct T cell subsets (Gzmk+, memory CD4+, γδ) and M2-like macrophages expand with age. Spatial transcriptomics reveal co-localization of aged immune and epithelial cells in situ. Lastly, transcriptional signatures of aging mammary cells are found in human breast tumors, suggesting mechanistic links between aging and cancer. Together, these data uncover that epithelial, immune, and stromal cells shift in proportions and cell identity, potentially impacting cell plasticity, aged microenvironment, and neoplasia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neerja Katiyar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Hyeon Gu Kang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - SungHee Park
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Giray N Eryilmaz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Chuang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Olga Anczukow
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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Marzochi LL, Cuzziol CI, Nascimento Filho CHVD, Dos Santos JA, Castanhole-Nunes MMU, Pavarino ÉC, Guerra ENS, Goloni-Bertollo EM. Use of histone methyltransferase inhibitors in cancer treatment: A systematic review. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175590. [PMID: 36775112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications are an epigenetic mechanism, and the dysregulation of these proteins is known to be associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. In the search for the development of new and more effective drugs, histone modifications were identified as possible therapeutic targets. Histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitors correspond to the third generation of epigenetic drugs capable of writing or deleting epigenetic information. This systematic review summarized the development and prospect for the use of different HMT inhibitors in cancer therapy. An electronic search was applied across CENTRAL, Clinical Trials, Embase, LILACS, LIVIVO, Open Gray, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Based on the title and abstracts, two authors independently selected eligible studies. After the complete reading of the articles, based on the eligibility criteria, 11 studies were included in the review. Different inhibitors of HMT have been explored in multiple clinical studies, and have shown considerable anti-tumor effects. However, few phase 2 studies have been completed and/or have available results. The most advanced clinical trials mainly include tazemetostat, an Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor approved for follicular lymphoma (FL). The use of HMT inhibitors has presented, so far, concise results in the treatment of hematological cancers, moreover, the adverse effects presented after the use of these medicines (alone or in combination) did not show a high level of risk for the patient. These findings, in addition to ongoing clinical studies, can represent a promising future regarding the use of HMT inhibitors in treating different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludimila Leite Marzochi
- Research Unit of Genetics and Molecular Biology (UPGEM), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Izak Cuzziol
- Research Unit of Genetics and Molecular Biology (UPGEM), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, 15090-000, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Amorim Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria Urbanin Castanhole-Nunes
- Research Unit of Genetics and Molecular Biology (UPGEM), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Érika Cristina Pavarino
- Research Unit of Genetics and Molecular Biology (UPGEM), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo
- Research Unit of Genetics and Molecular Biology (UPGEM), Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, 15090-000, Brazil.
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The Role of Cytoskeleton Protein 4.1 in Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043777. [PMID: 36835189 PMCID: PMC9961941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton protein 4.1 is an essential class of skeletal membrane protein, initially found in red blood cells, and can be classified into four types: 4.1R (red blood cell type), 4.1N (neuronal type), 4.1G (general type), and 4.1B (brain type). As research progressed, it was discovered that cytoskeleton protein 4.1 plays a vital role in cancer as a tumor suppressor. Many studies have also demonstrated that cytoskeleton protein 4.1 acts as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for tumors. Moreover, with the rise of immunotherapy, the tumor microenvironment as a treatment target in cancer has attracted great interest. Increasing evidence has shown the immunoregulatory potential of cytoskeleton protein 4.1 in the tumor microenvironment and treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of cytoskeleton protein 4.1 within the tumor microenvironment in immunoregulation and cancer development, with the intention of providing a new approach and new ideas for future cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Hsu SH, Hung WC. Protein arginine methyltransferase 3: A crucial regulator in metabolic reprogramming and gene expression in cancers. Cancer Lett 2023; 554:216008. [PMID: 36400311 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins increases proteome diversity, which is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The importance of protein methylation in the regulation of diverse biological processes has been highlighted in the past decades. Methylation of the arginine residue on proteins is catalyzed by members of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family. PRMTs play indispensable roles in various pathways that regulate cancer development, progression, and drug response. In this review, we discuss the role of PRMT3, a member of the PRMT family, in controlling oncogenic processes. Additionally, the effects of PRMT3 on the methylation of regulatory proteins involved in transcription, post-transcriptional control, ribosomal maturation, translation, biological synthesis, and metabolic signaling are summarized. Moreover, recent progresses in the development of PRMT3 inhibitors are introduced. Overall, this review highlights the importance of PRMT3 in tumorigenesis and discusses the underlying mechanisms by which PRMT3 modulates cellular metabolism and gene expression. These results also provide a molecular basis for therapeutic modalities by targeting PRMT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Han Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 802, Taiwan.
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HDAC10 Inhibits Cervical Cancer Progression through Downregulating the HDAC10-microRNA-223-EPB41L3 Axis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8092751. [PMID: 35075362 PMCID: PMC8783137 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8092751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Although the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer (CC) has been widely investigated and recognized, the study of the systematic impact of histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10), microRNA, and downstream molecular mechanisms in CC is still limited. Herein, cervical cancer, precancer lesions, and normal cervical tissues were collected to test the expression level of HDAC10, miR-223, and EPB41L3. The mechanism of HDAC10, miR-223, and EPB41L3 was interpreted in cervical cancer cells after HDAC10, miR-223, or EPB41L3 expression was altered. Results HDAC10 was poorly expressed in cervical cancer and precancer lesions, while miR-223 was highly expressed in cervical cancer. HDAC10 bound to miR-223, and miR-223 targeted EPB41L3. HDAC10 depressed the invasion property and tumorigenesis of cervical cancer via downregulating miR-223 and subsequently targeting EPB41L3. Conclusion The study clarifies that HDAC10 inhibits cervical cancer by downregulating miR-223 and subsequently targeting EPB41L3 expression, which might provide a new insight for management upon cervical cancer and precancer lesions.
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Proteomic Signatures of Diffuse and Intestinal Subtypes of Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235930. [PMID: 34885041 PMCID: PMC8656738 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of death from cancer globally. Gastric cancer is classified into intestinal, diffuse and indeterminate subtypes based on histology according to the Laurén classification. The intestinal and diffuse subtypes, although different in histology, demographics and outcomes, are still treated in the same fashion. This study was designed to discover proteomic signatures of diffuse and intestinal subtypes. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics using tandem mass tags (TMT)-based multiplexed analysis was used to identify proteins in tumor tissues from patients with diffuse or intestinal gastric cancer with adjacent normal tissue control. A total of 7448 or 4846 proteins were identified from intestinal or diffuse subtype, respectively. This quantitative mass spectrometric analysis defined a proteomic signature of differential expression across the two subtypes, which included gremlin1 (GREM1), bcl-2-associated athanogene 2 (BAG2), olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) and melanoma-associated antigen 9 (MAGE-A9) proteins. Although GREM1, BAG2, OLFM4, TRIP6 and MAGE-A9 have all been previously implicated in tumor progression and metastasis, they have not been linked to intestinal or diffuse subtypes of gastric cancer. Using immunohistochemical labelling of a tissue microarray comprising of 124 cases of gastric cancer, we validated the proteomic signature obtained by mass spectrometry in the discovery cohort. Our findings should help investigate the pathogenesis of these gastric cancer subtypes and potentially lead to strategies for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Yang Q, Liu J, Wang Z. 4.1N-Mediated Interactions and Functions in Nerve System and Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:711302. [PMID: 34589518 PMCID: PMC8473747 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffolding protein 4.1N is a neuron-enriched 4.1 homologue. 4.1N contains three conserved domains, including the N-terminal 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin (FERM) domain, internal spectrin–actin–binding (SAB) domain, and C-terminal domain (CTD). Interspersed between the three domains are nonconserved domains, including U1, U2, and U3. The role of 4.1N was first reported in the nerve system. Then, extensive studies reported the role of 4.1N in cancers and other diseases. 4.1N performs numerous vital functions in signaling transduction by interacting, locating, supporting, and coordinating different partners and is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of various diseases. In this review, recent studies on the interactions between 4.1N and its contactors (including the α7AChr, IP3R1, GluR1/4, GluK1/2/3, mGluR8, KCC2, D2/3Rs, CASK, NuMA, PIKE, IP6K2, CAM 1/3, βII spectrin, flotillin-1, pp1, and 14-3-3) and the 4.1N-related biological functions in the nerve system and cancers are specifically and comprehensively discussed. This review provides critical detailed mechanistic insights into the role of 4.1N in disease relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Medical Laboratory, Shao Yang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Thomas T, Khalaf S, Grigorenko EL. A systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging genetics studies of specific reading disorder. Cogn Neuropsychol 2021; 38:179-204. [PMID: 34529546 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2021.1969900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The imaging genetics of specific reading disabilities (SRD) is an emerging field that aims to characterize the disabilities' neurobiological causes, including atypical brain structure and function and distinct genetic architecture. The present review aimed to summarize current imaging genetics studies of SRD, characterize the effect sizes of reported results by calculating Cohen's d, complete a Fisher's Combined Probability Test for genes featured in multiple studies, and determine areas for future research. Results demonstrate associations between SRD risk genes and reading network brain phenotypes. The Fisher's test revealed promising results for the genes DCDC2, KIAA0319, FOXP2, SLC2A3, and ROBO1. Future research should focus on exploratory approaches to identify previously undiscovered genes. Using comprehensive neuroimaging (e.g., functional and effective connectivity) and genetic (e.g., sequencing and epigenetic) techniques, and using larger samples, diverse stages of development, and longitudinal investigations, would help researchers understand the neurobiological correlates of SRD to improve early identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Thomas
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiva Khalaf
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elena L Grigorenko
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Kumar U, Khandia R, Singhal S, Puranik N, Tripathi M, Pateriya AK, Khan R, Emran TB, Dhama K, Munjal A, Alqahtani T, Alqahtani AM. Insight into Codon Utilization Pattern of Tumor Suppressor Gene EPB41L3 from Different Mammalian Species Indicates Dominant Role of Selection Force. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112739. [PMID: 34205890 PMCID: PMC8198080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study envisaged the codon usage pattern analysis of tumor suppressor gene EPB41L3 for the human, brown rat, domesticated cattle, and Sumatran orangutan. Most amino acids are coded by more than one synonymous codon, but they are used in a biased manner. The codon usage bias results from multiple factors like compositional properties, dinucleotide abundance, neutrality, parity, tRNA pool, etc. Understanding codon bias is central to fields as diverse as molecular evolution, gene expressivity, protein translation, and protein folding. This kind of studies is important to see the effects of various evolutionary forces on codon usage. The present study indicated that the selection force is dominant over other forces shaping codon usage in the envisaged organisms. Abstract Uneven codon usage within genes as well as among genomes is a usual phenomenon across organisms. It plays a significant role in the translational efficiency and evolution of a particular gene. EPB41L3 is a tumor suppressor protein-coding gene, and in the present study, the pattern of codon usage was envisaged. The full-length sequences of the EPB41L3 gene for the human, brown rat, domesticated cattle, and Sumatran orangutan available at the NCBI were retrieved and utilized to analyze CUB patterns across the selected mammalian species. Compositional properties, dinucleotide abundance, and parity analysis showed the dominance of A and G whilst RSCU analysis indicated the dominance of G/C-ending codons. The neutrality plot plotted between GC12 and GC3 to determine the variation between the mutation pressure and natural selection indicated the dominance of selection pressure (R = 0.926; p < 0.00001) over the three codon positions across the gene. The result is in concordance with the codon adaptation index analysis and the ENc-GC3 plot analysis, as well as the translational selection index (P2). Overall selection pressure is the dominant pressure acting during the evolution of the EPB41L3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsang Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462026, India; (U.K.); (S.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462026, India; (U.K.); (S.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Shailja Singhal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462026, India; (U.K.); (S.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Nidhi Puranik
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462026, India; (U.K.); (S.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Meghna Tripathi
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal 462043, India; (M.T.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Atul Kumar Pateriya
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal 462043, India; (M.T.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Raju Khan
- Microfluidics & MEMS Center, (MRS & CFC), CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh;
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462026, India; (U.K.); (S.S.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Ali M. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (A.M.A.)
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13
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Yuan X, Piao L, Wang L, Han X, Zhuang M, Liu Z. Pivotal roles of protein 4.1B/DAL‑1, a FERM‑domain containing protein, in tumor progression (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:979-987. [PMID: 31545421 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.1B/DAL‑1, encoded by erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1‑like 3 (EPB41L3), belongs to the protein 4.1 superfamily, a group of proteins that share a conserved four.one‑ezrin‑radixin‑moesin (FERM) domain. Protein 4.1B/DAL‑1 serves a crucial role in cytoskeletal organization and a number of processes through multiple interactions with membrane proteins via its FERM, spectrin‑actin‑binding and C‑terminal domains. A number of studies have indicated that a loss of EPB41L3 expression is commonly observed in lung cancer, breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and meningiomas. DNA methylation and a loss of heterozygosity have been reported to contribute to the downregulation of EPB41L3. To date, the biological functions of protein 4.1B/DAL‑1 in carcinogenesis remain unknown. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the role of protein 4.1B/DAL‑1 in cancer and highlights its potential as a cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Lianhua Piao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P.R. China
| | - Luhui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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14
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Xue F, An C, Chen L, Liu G, Ren F, Guo X, Sun H, Mei L, Sun X, Li J, Tang Y, An X, Zheng P. 4.1B suppresses cancer cell proliferation by binding to EGFR P13 region of intracellular juxtamembrane segment. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:115. [PMID: 31492173 PMCID: PMC6731589 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) has high incidence and mortality worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate gastric carcinogenesis are largely undefined. 4.1B is an adaptor protein found at the interface of membrane and the cytoskeleton. Previous studies demonstrated that 4.1B serves as tumor suppressor. RESULTS We showed that 4.1B expression was decreased or lost in most GC patients. The expression pattern of it was tightly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage and overall survival (OS). We further showed that 4.1B inhibited the proliferation of two GC cell lines, MGC-803 and MKN-45, by impeding the EGFR/MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. A similar phenotype was also observed in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) derived from wild type (WT) and 4.1B knock-out (BKO) mice. Additionally, immunofluorescence (IF) staining and Co-IP showed that protein 4.1B bound to EGFR. Furthermore, the FERM domain of 4.1B interacted with EGFR through the initial 13 amino acids (P13) of the intracellular juxtamembrane (JM) segment of EGFR. The binding of 4.1B to EGFR inhibited dimerization and autophosphorylation of EGFR. CONCLUSION Our present work revealed that 4.1B plays important regulatory roles in the proliferation of GC cells by binding to EGFR and inhibiting EGFR function through an EGFR/MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. Our results provide novel insight into the mechanism of the development and progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of H. pylori and Gastrointestinal Microecology of Henan Province, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chao An
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Public Health, Zibo Integrate traditional Chinese & Western Medicine Hospital, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Key Laboratory of H. pylori and Gastrointestinal Microecology of Henan Province, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinhua Guo
- Red Cell Physiology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Haibin Sun
- Department of Pathology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lu Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- Key Laboratory of H. pylori and Gastrointestinal Microecology of Henan Province, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Youcai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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15
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Lim JO, Ko JW, Shin NR, Jung TY, Moon C, Kim HC, Shin IS, Kim JC. Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity involves interaction of PRMT3 and cannabinoid system. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2335-2346. [PMID: 31256211 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) and the cannabinoid system are involved in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Cisplatin increased cytosine-cytosine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein expression. This effect is indicative of an increase in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis signaling including cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9, poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase, and phospho-p53, as well as expression of PRMT3, PRMT4 and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)1 in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells. In addition, overexpression of PRMT3 or PRMT4 increased the expression of FAAH1 expression, apoptosis, and ER stress signaling in HEI-OC1 cells, whereas PRMT3 or PRMT4 knockdown had the opposite effect. Furthermore, overexpression of FAAH1 increased apoptosis and ER stress, but expression of the PRMTs was unchanged. In addition, a cannabinoid 1 receptor agonist and FAAH inhibitor attenuated apoptosis and ER stress, while cisplatin increased the binding of PRMT3 with FAAH1. In the in vivo experiments, cisplatin was injected intraperitoneally at 6 mg/kg/day into C57BL/6 mice, and 7 days later, this study confirmed that PRMT3 and PRMT4 were upregulated in the organ of Corti of the mice. These results indicate that cisplatin-induced ototoxicity was correlated with PRMT3, PRMT4 and the cannabinoid system, and PRMT3 binding with FAAH1 was increased by cisplatin in HEI-OC1 cells. Therefore, this study suggests that PRMT3 mediates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity via interaction with FAAH1 in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Oh Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yang Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Wang SCM, Dowhan DH, Muscat GEO. Epigenetic arginine methylation in breast cancer: emerging therapeutic strategies. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:R223-R237. [PMID: 30620710 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the complexity of breast carcinogenesis is associated with epigenetic modification. There are several major classes of epigenetic enzymes that regulate chromatin activity. This review will focus on the nine mammalian protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and the dysregulation of PRMT expression and function in breast cancer. This class of enzymes catalyse the mono- and (symmetric and asymmetric) di-methylation of arginine residues on histone and non-histone target proteins. PRMT signalling (and R methylation) drives cellular proliferation, cell invasion and metastasis, targeting (i) nuclear hormone receptor signalling, (ii) tumour suppressors, (iii) TGF-β and EMT signalling and (iv) alternative splicing and DNA/chromatin stability, influencing the clinical and survival outcomes in breast cancer. Emerging reports suggest that PRMTs are also implicated in the development of drug/endocrine resistance providing another prospective avenue for the treatment of hormone resistance and associated metastasis. The complexity of PRMT signalling is further underscored by the degree of alternative splicing and the scope of variant isoforms (with distinct properties) within each PRMT family member. The evolution of PRMT inhibitors, and the ongoing clinical trials of PRMT inhibitors against a subgroup of solid cancers, coupled to the track record of lysine methyltransferases inhibitors in phase I/II clinical trials against cancer underscores the potential therapeutic utility of targeting PRMT epigenetic enzymes to improve survival outcomes in aggressive and metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching M Wang
- Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine Division, The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Dennis H Dowhan
- Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine Division, The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, Australia
| | - George E O Muscat
- Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine Division, The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, Australia
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17
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Prabhu L, Wei H, Chen L, Demir Ö, Sandusky G, Sun E, Wang J, Mo J, Zeng L, Fishel M, Safa A, Amaro R, Korc M, Zhang ZY, Lu T. Adapting AlphaLISA high throughput screen to discover a novel small-molecule inhibitor targeting protein arginine methyltransferase 5 in pancreatic and colorectal cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39963-39977. [PMID: 28591716 PMCID: PMC5522311 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are notoriously challenging for treatment. Hyperactive nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a common culprit in both cancers. Previously, we discovered that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) methylated and activated NF-κB. Here, we show that PRMT5 is highly expressed in PDAC and CRC. Overexpression of PRMT5 promoted cancer progression, while shRNA knockdown showed an opposite effect. Using an innovative AlphaLISA high throughput screen, we discovered a lead compound, PR5-LL-CM01, which exhibited robust tumor inhibition effects in both cancers. An in silico structure prediction suggested that PR5-LL-CM01 inhibits PRMT5 by binding with its active pocket. Importantly, PR5-LL-CM01 showed higher anti-tumor efficacy than the commercial PRMT5 inhibitor, EPZ015666, in both PDAC and CRC. This study clearly highlights the significant potential of PRMT5 as a therapeutic target in PDAC and CRC, and establishes PR5-LL-CM01 as a promising basis for new drug development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Prabhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Han Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lan Chen
- Chemical Genomics Core Facility, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Özlem Demir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emily Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jessica Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lifan Zeng
- Chemical Genomics Core Facility, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ahmad Safa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rommie Amaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Murray Korc
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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18
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Zeng R, Liu Y, Jiang ZJ, Huang JP, Wang Y, Li XF, Xiong WB, Wu XC, Zhang JR, Wang QE, Zheng YF. EPB41L3 is a potential tumor suppressor gene and prognostic indicator in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1443-1454. [PMID: 29568917 PMCID: PMC5873871 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there have been reports about the role of erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 3 (EPB41L3) in several types of cancer, primarily in non-small-cell lung carcinoma, the molecular function and modulatory mechanisms of EPB41L3 remain unclear. In specific, the functional and clinical significance of EPB41L3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been explored to date. In the present study, reduced EPB41L3 expression was demonstrated in ESCC cell lines and tissues, which was due to its high methylation rate. Ectopic expression of EPB41L3 in ESCC cells inhibited cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In addition, EPB41L3 overexpression induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest by activating Caspase-3/8/9 and Cyclin-dependent kinase 1/Cyclin B1 signaling, respectively. Notably, patients with higher EPB41L3 expression had markedly higher overall survival rates compared with patients with lower EPB41L3 expression. In summary, the present results suggest that EPB41L3 may be a tumor suppressor gene in ESCC development, representing a potential therapeutic target and a prognostic indicator for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zeng
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Jing Jiang
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Peng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Feng Li
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Bin Xiong
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Cong Wu
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ren Zhang
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiobiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yan-Fang Zheng
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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19
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Kaniskan HÜ, Eram MS, Zhao K, Szewczyk MM, Yang X, Schmidt K, Luo X, Xiao S, Dai M, He F, Zang I, Lin Y, Li F, Dobrovetsky E, Smil D, Min SJ, Lin-Jones J, Schapira M, Atadja P, Li E, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Arrowsmith CH, Brown PJ, Liu F, Yu Z, Vedadi M, Jin J. Discovery of Potent and Selective Allosteric Inhibitors of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3). J Med Chem 2018; 61:1204-1217. [PMID: 29244490 PMCID: PMC5808361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PRMT3 catalyzes the asymmetric dimethylation of arginine residues of various proteins. It is crucial for maturation of ribosomes and has been implicated in several diseases. We recently disclosed a highly potent, selective, and cell-active allosteric inhibitor of PRMT3, compound 4. Here, we report comprehensive structure-activity relationship studies that target the allosteric binding site of PRMT3. We conducted design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel compounds in biochemical, selectivity, and cellular assays that culminated in the discovery of 4 and other highly potent (IC50 values: ∼10-36 nM), selective, and cell-active allosteric inhibitors of PRMT3 (compounds 29, 30, 36, and 37). In addition, we generated compounds that are very close analogs of these potent inhibitors but displayed drastically reduced potency as negative controls (compounds 49-51). These inhibitors and negative controls are valuable chemical tools for the biomedical community to further investigate biological functions and disease associations of PRMT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ümit Kaniskan
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Mohammad S Eram
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kehao Zhao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Magdalena M Szewczyk
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Xiaobao Yang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Keith Schmidt
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Xiao Luo
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sean Xiao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Miao Dai
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng He
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Irene Zang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Elena Dobrovetsky
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David Smil
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | | | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter Atadja
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - En Li
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , 101 College Street, MaRS South Tower, Suite 707, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Peter J Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhengtian Yu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (China), Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jian Jin
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
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20
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Kentala H, Koponen A, Kivelä AM, Andrews R, Li C, Zhou Y, Olkkonen VM. Analysis of ORP2-knockout hepatocytes uncovers a novel function in actin cytoskeletal regulation. FASEB J 2018; 32:1281-1295. [PMID: 29092904 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700604r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ORP2 is implicated in cholesterol transport, triglyceride metabolism, and adrenocortical steroid hormone production. We addressed ORP2 function in hepatocytes by generating ORP2-knockout (KO) HuH7 cells by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, followed by analyses of transcriptome, F-actin morphology, migration, adhesion, and proliferation. RNA sequencing of ORP2-KO cells revealed >2-fold changes in 579 mRNAs. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) uncovered alterations in the following functional categories: cellular movement, cell-cell signaling and interaction, cellular development, cellular function and maintenance, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell morphology. Many pathways in these categories involved actin cytoskeleton, cell migration, adhesion, or proliferation. Analysis of the ORP2 interactome uncovered 109 putative new partners. Their IPA analysis revealed Ras homolog A (RhoA) signaling as the most significant pathway. Interactions of ORP2 with SEPT9, MLC12, and ARHGAP12 were validated by independent assays. ORP2-KO resulted in abnormal F-actin morphology characterized by impaired capacity to form lamellipodia, migration defect, and impaired adhesion and proliferation. Rescue of the migration phenotype and generation of typical cell surface morphology required an intact ORP2 phosphoinositide binding site, suggesting that ORP2 function involves phosphoinositide binding and transport. The results point at a novel function of ORP2 as a lipid-sensing regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, with impacts on hepatocellular migration, adhesion, and proliferation.-Kentala, H., Koponen, A., Kivelä, A. M., Andrews, R., Li, C., Zhou, Y., Olkkonen, V. M. Analysis of ORP2-knockout hepatocytes uncovers a novel function in actin cytoskeletal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriikka Kentala
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annika Koponen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka M Kivelä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Andrews
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - ChunHei Li
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - You Zhou
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Cai Q, Tu M, Xu-Monette ZY, Sun R, Manyam GC, Xu X, Tzankov A, Hsi ED, Møller MB, Medeiros LJ, Ok CY, Young KH. NF-κB p50 activation associated with immune dysregulation confers poorer survival for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with wild-type p53. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:854-876. [PMID: 28281555 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated NF-κB signaling is critical for lymphomagenesis, however, the expression and clinical relevance of NF-κB subunit p50 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma have not been evaluated. In this study, we analyzed the prognostic significance and gene expression signatures of p50 nuclear expression as a surrogate for p50 activation in 465 patients with de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We found that p50+ nuclear expression, observed in 34.6% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, predominantly composed of activated B-cell-like subtype, was an independent adverse prognostic factor in patients with activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It was also an adverse prognostic factor in patients with wild-type TP53 independent of the activated B-cell-like and germinal center B-cell-like subtypes, even though p50 activation correlated with significantly lower levels of Myc, PI3K, phospho-AKT, and CXCR4 expression and less frequent BCL2 translocations. In contrast, in germinal center B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with TP53 mutations, p50+ nuclear expression correlated with significantly better clinical outcomes, and decreased p53, Bcl-2, and Myc expression. Gene expression profiling revealed multiple signaling pathways potentially upstream the p50 activation through either canonical or noncanonical NF-κB pathways, and suggested that immune suppression, including that by the immune checkpoint TIM-3 and that through leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors, but not antiapoptosis and proliferation, may underlie the observed poorer survival rates associated with p50+ nuclear expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In conclusion, these data show that p50 is important as a unique mechanism of R-CHOP-resistance in activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and in patients without TP53 mutations. The results also provide insights into the regulation and function of p50 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its cross talk with the p53 pathway with important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meifeng Tu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Eric D Hsi
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael B Møller
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chi Young Ok
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Zeng Y, Sun S, Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhu M, Ouyang R, Ma B, Ye M, An X, Liu J. Knockout of 4.1B triggers malignant transformation in SV40T-immortalized mouse embryo fibroblast cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:538-549. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Yayue Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Shuming Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Ji Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Min Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Ruoyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Disease Research Institute; Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Bianyin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - Xiuli An
- College of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology; New York Blood Center; New York New York
| | - Jing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
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23
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Aberrant expression of the candidate tumor suppressor gene DAL-1 due to hypermethylation in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21755. [PMID: 26923709 PMCID: PMC4770418 DOI: 10.1038/srep21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
By allelotyping for loss of heterozygosity (LOH), we previously identified a deletion region that harbors the candidate tumor suppressor gene DAL-1 at 18p11.3 in sporadic gastric cancers (GCs). The expression and function of DAL-1 in GCs remained unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the absence of or notable decreases in the expression of DAL-1 mRNA and protein was highly correlated with CpG hypermethylation of the DAL-1 promoter in primary GC tissues and in GC cell lines. Furthermore, abnormal DAL-1 subcellular localization was also observed in GC cells. Exogenous DAL-1 effectively inhibited cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT); exogenous DAL-1 also promoted apoptosis in GC AGS cells. When endogenous DAL-1 was knocked down in GC HGC-27 cells, the cells appeared highly aggressive. Taken together, these findings provide solid evidence that aberrant expression of DAL-1 by hypermethylation in the promoter region results in tumor suppressor gene behavior that plays important roles in the malignancy of GCs. Understanding the role of it played in the molecular pathogenesis of GC, DAL-1 might be a potential biomarker for molecular diagnosis and evaluation of the GC.
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24
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Stopa N, Krebs JE, Shechter D. The PRMT5 arginine methyltransferase: many roles in development, cancer and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2041-59. [PMID: 25662273 PMCID: PMC4430368 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational arginine methylation is responsible for regulation of many biological processes. The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5, also known as Hsl7, Jbp1, Skb1, Capsuleen, or Dart5) is the major enzyme responsible for mono- and symmetric dimethylation of arginine. An expanding literature demonstrates its critical biological function in a wide range of cellular processes. Histone and other protein methylation by PRMT5 regulate genome organization, transcription, stem cells, primordial germ cells, differentiation, the cell cycle, and spliceosome assembly. Metazoan PRMT5 is found in complex with the WD-repeat protein MEP50 (also known as Wdr77, androgen receptor coactivator p44, or Valois). PRMT5 also directly associates with a range of other protein factors, including pICln, Menin, CoPR5 and RioK1 that may alter its subcellular localization and protein substrate selection. Protein substrate and PRMT5-MEP50 post-translation modifications induce crosstalk to regulate PRMT5 activity. Crystal structures of C. elegans PRMT5 and human and frog PRMT5-MEP50 complexes provide substantial insight into the mechanisms of substrate recognition and procession to dimethylation. Enzymological studies of PRMT5 have uncovered compelling insights essential for future development of specific PRMT5 inhibitors. In addition, newly accumulating evidence implicates PRMT5 and MEP50 expression levels and their methyltransferase activity in cancer tumorigenesis, and, significantly, as markers of poor clinical outcome, marking them as potential oncogenes. Here, we review the substantial new literature on PRMT5 and its partners to highlight the significance of understanding this essential enzyme in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Stopa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Jocelyn E. Krebs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - David Shechter
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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25
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Huisman C, van der Wijst MGP, Falahi F, Overkamp J, Karsten G, Terpstra MM, Kok K, van der Zee AGJ, Schuuring E, Wisman GBA, Rots MG. Prolonged re-expression of the hypermethylated gene EPB41L3 using artificial transcription factors and epigenetic drugs. Epigenetics 2015; 10:384-96. [PMID: 25830725 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1034415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is considered a significant event in the progression of cancer. For example, EPB41L3, a potential biomarker in cervical cancer, is often silenced by cancer-specific promoter methylation. Artificial transcription factors (ATFs) are unique tools to re-express such silenced TSGs to functional levels; however, the induced effects are considered transient. Here, we aimed to improve the efficiency and sustainability of gene re-expression using engineered zinc fingers fused to VP64 (ZF-ATFs) or DNA methylation modifiers (ZF-Tet2 or ZF-TDG) and/or by co-treatment with epigenetic drugs [5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or Trichostatin A (TSA)]. The EPB41L3-ZF effectively bound its methylated endogenous locus, as also confirmed by ChIP-seq. ZF-ATFs reactivated the epigenetically silenced target gene EPB41L3 (∼ 10-fold) in breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer cell lines. Prolonged high levels of EPB41L3 (∼ 150-fold) induction could be achieved by short-term co-treatment with epigenetic drugs. Interestingly, for otherwise ineffective ZF-Tet2 or ZF-TDG treatments, TSA facilitated re-expression of EPB41L3 up to twofold. ATF-mediated re-expression demonstrated a tumor suppressive role for EPB41L3 in cervical cancer cell lines. In conclusion, epigenetic reprogramming provides a novel way to improve sustainability of re-expression of epigenetically silenced promoters.
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26
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Morettin A, Baldwin RM, Cote J. Arginine methyltransferases as novel therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:177-89. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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27
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Maltseva DV, Galatenko VV, Samatov TR, Zhikrivetskaya SO, Khaustova NA, Nechaev IN, Shkurnikov MU, Lebedev AE, Mityakina IA, Kaprin AD, Schumacher U, Tonevitsky AG. miRNome of inflammatory breast cancer. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:871. [PMID: 25471792 PMCID: PMC4289319 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an extremely malignant form of breast cancer which can be easily misdiagnosed. Conclusive prognostic IBC molecular biomarkers which are also providing the perspectives for targeted therapy are lacking so far. The aim of this study was to reveal the IBC-specific miRNA expression profile and to evaluate its association with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS miRNA expression profiles of 13 IBC and 17 non-IBC patients were characterized using comprehensive Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 3.0 microarray platform. Bioinformatic analysis was used to reveal IBC-specific miRNAs, deregulated pathways and potential miRNA targets. RESULTS 31 differentially expressed miRNAs characterize IBC and mRNAs regulated by them and their associated pathways can functionally be attributed to IBC progression. In addition, a minimal predictive set of 4 miRNAs characteristic for the IBC phenotype and associated with the TP53 mutational status in breast cancer patients was identified. CONCLUSIONS We have characterized the complete miRNome of inflammatory breast cancer and found differentially expressed miRNAs which reliably classify the patients to IBC and non-IBC groups. We found that the mRNAs and pathways likely regulated by these miRNAs are highly relevant to cancer progression. Furthermore a minimal IBC-related predictive set of 4 miRNAs associated with the TP53 mutational status and survival for breast cancer patients was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timur R Samatov
- SRC Bioclinicum, Ugreshskaya str 2/85, 115088 Moscow, Russia.
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28
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Ye M, Zhu M, Zhang B, Roy M, Liu J, An X. Tumor suppressor role of protein 4.1B/DAL-1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4815-30. [PMID: 25183197 PMCID: PMC11113756 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is a membrane skeletal protein that belongs to the protein 4.1 family. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is localized to sites of cell-cell contact and functions as an adapter protein, linking the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton or associated cytoplasmic signaling effectors and facilitating their activities in various pathways. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is involved in various cytoskeleton-associated processes, such as cell motility and adhesion. Moreover, protein 4.1B/DAL-1 also plays a regulatory role in cell growth, differentiation, and the establishment of epithelial-like cell structures. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is normally expressed in multiple human tissues, but loss of its expression or prominent down-regulation of its expression is frequently observed in corresponding tumor tissues and tumor cell lines, suggesting that protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors and acts as a potential tumor suppressor. This review will focus on the structure of protein 4.1B/DAL-1, 4.1B/DAL-1-interacting molecules, 4.1B/DAL-1 inactivation and tumor progression, and anti-tumor activity of the 4.1B/DAL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Mao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Min Zhu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Mridul Roy
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th Street, New York, 10065 USA
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29
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Baldwin RM, Morettin A, Côté J. Role of PRMTs in cancer: Could minor isoforms be leaving a mark? World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:115-29. [PMID: 24921003 PMCID: PMC4050107 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the methylation of a variety of protein substrates, many of which have been linked to the development, progression and aggressiveness of different types of cancer. Moreover, aberrant expression of PRMTs has been observed in several cancer types. While the link between PRMTs and cancer is a relatively new area of interest, the functional implications documented thus far warrant further investigations into its therapeutic potential. However, the expression of these enzymes and the regulation of their activity in cancer are still significantly understudied. Currently there are nine main members of the PRMT family. Further, the existence of alternatively spliced isoforms for several of these family members provides an additional layer of complexity. Specifically, PRMT1, PRMT2, CARM1 and PRMT7 have been shown to have alternative isoforms and others may be currently unrealized. Our knowledge with respect to the relative expression and the specific functions of these isoforms is largely lacking and needs attention. Here we present a review of the current knowledge of the known alternative PRMT isoforms and provide a rationale for how they may impact on cancer and represent potentially useful targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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30
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Guo H, Wang R, Zheng W, Chen Y, Blum G, Deng H, Luo M. Profiling substrates of protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3 with S-adenosyl-L-methionine analogues. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:476-84. [PMID: 24320160 DOI: 10.1021/cb4008259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) belongs to the family of type I PRMTs and harbors the activity to use S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as a methyl-donor cofactor for protein arginine labeling. However, PRMT3's functions remain elusive with the lacked knowledge of its target scope in cellular settings. Inspired by the emerging Bioorthogonal Profiling of Protein Methylation (BPPM) using engineered methyltransferases and SAM analogues for target identification, the current work documents the endeavor to systematically explore the SAM-binding pocket of PRMT3 and identify suitable PRMT3 variants for BPPM. The M233G single point mutation transforms PRMT3 into a promiscuous alkyltransferase using sp(2)-β-sulfonium-containing SAM analogues as cofactor surrogates. Here the conserved methionine was defined as a hot spot that can be engineered alone or in combination with nearby residues to render cofactor promiscuity of multiple type I PRMTs. With this promiscuous variant and the matched 4-propargyloxy-but-2-enyl (Pob)-SAM analogue as the BPPM reagents, more than 80 novel proteins were readily uncovered as potential targets of PRMT3 in the cellular context. Subsequent target validation and functional analysis correlated the PRMT3 methylation to several biological processes such as cytoskeleton dynamics, whose roles might be compensated by other PRMTs. These BPPM-revealed substrates are primarily localized but not restricted in cytoplasm, the preferred site of PRMT3. The broad localization pattern may implicate the diverse roles of PRMT3 in the cellular setting. The revelation of PRMT3 targets and the transformative character of BPPM for other PRMTs present unprecedented pathways toward elucidating physiological and pathological roles of diverse PRMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Wang
- Program
of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Science, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | | | - Yuling Chen
- School
of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Haiteng Deng
- School
of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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31
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Xi C, Ren C, Hu A, Lin J, Yao Q, Wang Y, Gao Z, An X, Liu C. Defective expression of Protein 4.1N is correlated to tumor progression, aggressive behaviors and chemotherapy resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 131:764-71. [PMID: 23994105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein 4.1N (4.1N) is a member of the Protein 4.1 family that is involved in cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration and signaling. In this study, we evaluated the expression of 4.1N protein and its potential roles in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tumorigenesis and progression. METHODS 4.1N protein expression was investigated in a total of 280 samples including 74 normal tissues, 35 benign, 30 borderline and 141 malignant epithelial ovarian tumors by immunohistochemistry. Correlation between 4.1N expression levels and clinicopathologic features was statistically analyzed. The expression of 4.1N in EOC cell lines was examined by western blotting. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that, although there was no loss of 4.1N expression in normal tissues and benign tumors, absence of Protein 4.1N was significantly more common in EOCs (44.0%) than in borderline tumors (3.3%) (p<0.001). Furthermore, loss or decreased expression of 4.1N protein expression was correlated with malignant potential of the tumors (14.3% in benign tumors, 56.7% in borderline tumors and 92.9% in malignancy) (p<0.001). In EOC samples, loss of 4.1N protein was significantly associated with advanced-stage (p=0.004), ascites (p=0.009), omental metastasis (p=0.018), suboptimal debulking (p=0.024), poorly histological differentiation (p=0.009), high-grade serous carcinoma (p=0.001), short progression-free-survival (p=0.018) and poor chemosensitivity to first-line chemotherapy (p=0.029). Moreover, western blotting analysis revealed that expression of 4.1N protein was lost in 4/8 (50%) EOC cell lines. CONCLUSIONS 4.1N protein expression level was significantly decreased during malignant transformation of epithelial ovarian tumors and that loss of 4.1N expression was closely correlated to poorly differentiated and biologically aggressive EOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Xi
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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32
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Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer identifies EPB41L3 as a functional suppressor of epithelial ovarian cancers. Neoplasia 2010; 12:579-89. [PMID: 20651987 DOI: 10.1593/neo.10340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a functional complementation approach to identify tumor-suppressor genes and putative therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. Microcell-mediated transfer of chromosome 18 in the ovarian cancer cell line TOV21G induced in vitro and in vivo neoplastic suppression. Gene expression microarray profiling in TOV21G(+18) hybrids identified 14 candidate genes on chromosome 18 that were significantly overexpressed and therefore associated with neoplastic suppression. Further analysis of messenger RNA and protein expression for these genes in additional ovarian cancer cell lines indicated that EPB41L3 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3, alternative names DAL-1 and 4.1B) was a candidate ovarian cancer-suppressor gene. Immunoblot analysis showed that EPB41L3 was activated in TOV21G(+18) hybrids, expressed in normal ovarian epithelial cell lines, but was absent in 15 (78%) of 19 ovarian cancer cell lines. Using immunohistochemistry, 66% of 794 invasive ovarian tumors showed no EPB41L3 expression compared with only 24% of benign ovarian tumors and 0% of normal ovarian epithelial tissues. EPB41L3 was extensively methylated in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian tumors compared with normal tissues (P = .00004), suggesting this may be the mechanism of gene inactivation in ovarian cancers. Constitutive reexpression of EPB41L3 in a three-dimensional multicellular spheroid model of ovarian cancer caused significant growth suppression and induced apoptosis. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated many similarities between EPB41L3-expressing cells and chromosome 18 donor-recipient hybrids, suggesting that EPB41L3 is the gene responsible for neoplastic suppression after chromosome 18 transfer. Finally, an inducible model of EPB41L3 expression in three-dimensional spheroids confirmed that reexpression of EPB41L3 induces extensive apoptotic cell death in ovarian cancers.
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33
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Shah JB, Margulis V. In search of a better crystal ball: recent advances in prognostic markers for clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2010; 10:837-42. [PMID: 20553209 DOI: 10.1586/era.10.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in imaging have led to a steady increase in the incidence of kidney cancer over the last two decades. There has been no corresponding improvement in our ability to predict the behavior of renal cell carcinoma. Patients with low-risk renal cell carcinoma have good long-term survival with only localized therapy but patients with aggressive disease do poorly, even with optimal multimodal treatment. Biomarkers to differentiate between these two very divergent populations have traditionally been of only limited utility. We review the recent advances in the development of molecular and immunologic markers aimed at improving prognostication of renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay B Shah
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9110, USA
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34
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Granzyme M: characterization with sites of post-translational modification and specific sites of interaction with substrates and inhibitors. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:2953-60. [PMID: 20107908 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-9959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Granzymes kill cells in a variety of ways. They induce mitochondrial dysfunction through caspase dependent and caspase-independent pathways and destroy DNA and the integrity of the nucleus. For gaining a better understanding of the molecular function of granzyme M and its NK cell specificity, structural characterization of this enzyme by molecular modeling as well as its detailed comparison with other granzymes is presented in this study. The study includes mode of action of granzyme M using cationic binding sites, substrate specificity, post-translational structural modification and its functional relationship and interaction of the enzyme with inhibitor in an attempt to explore how the activity of human granzyme M is controlled under physiological conditions. It is concluded from the present study that the post-translational modification, including Oglycosylation of serine, phosphorylation of serine and threonine and myristoylation of glycine, play an important role in the interaction of enzyme with the cell surface membrane and regulate protein trafficking and stability. Phosphorylated serine and threonine also plays a role in tumor elimination, viral clearance and tissue repair. In Gzm M there are cationic sites, cs1 and cs2 that may participate in binding of Gzm M to the cell surface, thereby promoting its uptake and eventual release into the cytoplasm. Gzm M shows apoptotic activity both by caspase dependent and independent pathways. Modeling of inhibitors bound to the granzyme active site shows that the dimer also contributes to substrate specificity in a unique manner by extending the active-site cleft.
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35
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Kuhn P, Xu W. Protein arginine methyltransferases: nuclear receptor coregulators and beyond. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2009; 87:299-342. [PMID: 20374708 DOI: 10.1016/s1877-1173(09)87009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in diverse cellular functions. Several PRMTs have been associated with gene expression regulation, in which PRMTs act as histone methyltransferases, secondary coregulators of transcription, or facilitate mRNA splicing and stability. Additional functions include modulation of protein localization, ribosomal assembly, and signal transduction. At the organismal level, several PRMTs appear to be important for development and may play an important role in cancer. The relationships between their cellular and organismal functions are poorly understood; at least in part due to the large body of enzymatic substrates for PRMTs and their transcriptional targets that remain to be determined. Specific PRMT inhibitors have been developed in recent years, which should help to shed light on their diverse biological roles. Connecting PRMT cellular functions with their global effects on an organism will facilitate development of novel treatments for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kuhn
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Fu L, Gao Z, Zhang X, Tsang YH, Goh HK, Geng H, Shimizu N, Tsuchiyama J, Srivastava G, Tao Q. Frequent concomitant epigenetic silencing of the stress-responsive tumor suppressor gene CADM1, and its interacting partner DAL-1 in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:1572-8. [PMID: 19115211 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NL) is a rare but clinically important entity of lymphoma. Its preferential incidence in Orientals but not Caucasians suggests possible genetic predisposition. 11q deletion is common in NL, indicating certain tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) at this locus involved in its pathogenesis. We investigated the expression and methylation of an 11q23.2 TSG, CADM1 (or TSLC1), and its partner DAL-1 (or EPB41L3) in NL. Methylation and silencing of CADM1 were detected in 2 NL and 4 of 8 (50%) of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines, but not in normal NK cells and normal PBMC. Absence of CADM1 protein was also detected in NL cell lines. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza) demethylation or genetic knockout of both DNMT1 and 3B genes restored CADM1 and DAL-1 expression. CADM1 methylation was further detected in 36 of 45 (80%) of NL tumors. Concomitantly, DAL-1 was epigenetically inactivated in NL cell lines and virtually all the tumors with methylated CADM1. A significant correlation between the methylation of both genes was found (p < 0.0001). Homozygous deletion of CADM1 was detected in only 3 of 18 (17%) of tumors. The stress-response of CADM1 was abolished when its promoter becomes methylated. Our results demonstrate a frequent, predominant epigenetic silencing of CADM1 and DAL-1 in NL, which likely play a synergic role in NL pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Johns Hopkins Singapore, Singapore
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Ohno N, Terada N, Komada M, Saitoh S, Costantini F, Pace V, Germann PG, Weber K, Yamakawa H, Ohara O, Ohno S. Dispensable role of protein 4.1B/DAL-1 in rodent adrenal medulla regarding generation of pheochromocytoma and plasmalemmal localization of TSLC1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:506-15. [PMID: 19321127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2008] [Revised: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein 4.1B is a membrane skeletal protein expressed in various organs, and is associated with tumor suppressor in lung cancer-1 (TSLC1) in vitro. Although involvement of 4.1B in the intercellular junctions and tumor-suppression was suggested, some controversial results posed questions to the general tumor-suppressive function of 4.1B and its relation to TSLC1 in vivo. In this study, the expression of 4.1B and its interaction with TSLC1 were examined in rodent adrenal gland, and the involvement of 4.1B in tumorigenesis and the effect of 4.1B deficiency on TSLC1 distribution were also investigated using rodent pheochromocytoma and 4.1B-knockout mice. Although plasmalemmal immunolocalization of 4.1B was shown in chromaffin cells of rodent adrenal medulla, expression of 4.1B was maintained in developed pheochromocytoma, and morphological abnormality or pheochromocytoma generation could not be found in 4.1B-deficient mice. Furthermore, molecular interaction and colocalization of 4.1B and TSLC1 were observed in mouse adrenal gland, but the immunolocalization of TSLC1 along chromaffin cell membranes was not affected in the 4.1B-deficient mice. These results suggest that the function of 4.1B as tumor suppressor might significantly differ among organs and species, and that plasmalemmal retention of TSLC1 would be maintained by molecules other than 4.1B interacting in rodent chromaffin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Bernkopf DB, Williams ED. Potential role of EPB41L3 (protein 4.1B/Dal-1) as a target for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:845-53. [PMID: 18554153 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.7.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3 (EPB41L3; aliases: protein 4.1B, differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung-1 (Dal-1)) expression has been implicated in tumor progression. OBJECTIVE To evaluate literature describing the role of EPB41L3 in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and to consider whether targeting this gene would be useful in the treatment of prostate cancer. METHODS A literature review of studies describing EPB41L3 and its aliases was conducted. Online databases (NCBI, SwissProt) were also interrogated to collect further data. RESULTS/CONCLUSION A growing body of evidence supports a role for loss of EPB41L3 in tumor progression, including in prostate cancer. Therapeutic strategies that could be harnessed to upregulate EPB41L3 gene expression in prostate cancer cells are currently being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic B Bernkopf
- Monash University, Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
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Goulet I, Gauvin G, Boisvenue S, Côté J. Alternative Splicing Yields Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Isoforms with Distinct Activity, Substrate Specificity, and Subcellular Localization. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:33009-21. [PMID: 17848568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704349200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PRMT1 is the predominant member of a family of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) that have been implicated in various cellular processes, including transcription, RNA processing, and signal transduction. It was previously reported that the human PRMT1 pre-mRNA was alternatively spliced to yield three isoforms with distinct N-terminal sequences. Close inspection of the genomic organization in the 5'-end of the PRMT1 gene revealed that it can produce up to seven protein isoforms, all varying in their N-terminal domain. A detailed biochemical characterization of these variants revealed that unique N-terminal sequences can influence catalytic activity as well as substrate specificity. In addition, our results uncovered the presence of a functional nuclear export sequence in PRMT1v2. Finally, we find that the relative balance of PRMT1 isoforms is altered in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Goulet
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Tsujiuchi T, Masaoka T, Sugata E, Onishi M, Fujii H, Shimizu K, Honoki K. Hypermethylation of the Dal-1 gene in lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in rats. Mol Carcinog 2007; 46:819-23. [PMID: 17415786 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DAL-1 (differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung) is an actin-binding protein that has been shown to suppress growth in lung cancer cells. Recently, inactivation of the gene encoding DAL-1 due to hypermethylation has been found in several human malignancies, including lung cancers. To assess the involvement of the Dal-1 gene in rat lung carcinogenesis, we investigated the expression of Dal1 and its methylation status in rat lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP). Six-week old male Wistar rats (n = 11) were given 2,000 ppm BHP in their drinking water for 12 wk and maintained without further treatment until they were sacrificed at 25 wk. Total RNA was extracted from 11 lung adenocarcinomas, one from each BHP treated rat, and Dal-1 gene expression was analyzed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Dal-1 expression was significantly reduced in the lung adenocarcinomas compared with three normal lung tissues (P < 0.05). For methylation analysis, bisulfite sequencing was performed using normal lung tissue and tissue from 4 tumors, all of which showed reduced expression of Dal-1. The 5' upstream region was highly methylated in all four adenocarcinomas, whereas this region was unmethylated in normal lung tissue. These results suggest that aberrant methylation of the Dal-1 gene might be involved in the development of lung adenocarcinomas induced in rats by BHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
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Wong SY, Haack H, Kissil JL, Barry M, Bronson RT, Shen SS, Whittaker CA, Crowley D, Hynes RO. Protein 4.1B suppresses prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:12784-9. [PMID: 17640904 PMCID: PMC1924789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705499104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.1B is a 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin domain-containing protein whose expression is frequently lost in a variety of human tumors, including meningiomas, non-small-cell lung cancers, and breast carcinomas. However, its potential tumor-suppressive function under in vivo conditions remains to be validated. In a screen for genes involved with prostate cancer metastasis, we found that 4.1B expression is reduced in highly metastatic tumors. Down-regulation of 4.1B increased the metastatic propensity of poorly metastatic cells in an orthotopic model of prostate cancer. Furthermore, 4.1B-deficient mice displayed increased susceptibility for developing aggressive, spontaneous prostate carcinomas. In both cases, enhanced tumor malignancy was associated with reduced apoptosis. Because expression of Protein 4.1B is frequently down-regulated in human clinical prostate cancer, as well as in a spectrum of other tumor types, these results suggest a more general role for Protein 4.1B as a negative regulator of cancer progression to metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Y. Wong
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Herbert Haack
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Joseph L. Kissil
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Marc Barry
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Roderick T. Bronson
- **Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536
| | - Steven S. Shen
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Charles A. Whittaker
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Denise Crowley
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Richard O. Hynes
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Tsujiuchi T, Sugata E, Masaoka T, Onishi M, Fujii H, Shimizu K, Honoki K. Expression and DNA methylation patterns of Tslc1 and Dal-1 genes in hepatocellular carcinomas induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in rats. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:943-8. [PMID: 17428255 PMCID: PMC11158029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the involvement of the TSLC cascade in hepatocarcinogenesis, we investigated the expression and DNA methylation patterns of the genes Tslc1 and Dal-1 in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) induced using N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) in rats. Six-week-old male F344 rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, followed by combined treatment with partial hepatectomy and colchicine to induce cell-cycle disturbance and a selection procedure consisting of 2-acetylaminofluorene and carbon tetrachloride. Total RNA was extracted from 10 HCC, and the expression levels of Tslc1 and Dal-1 were measured using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Three of 10 HCC showed reduced expression of Tslc1, compared with normal liver tissues, but no changes in the expression level of Dal-1 were found. For DNA methylation analysis, bisulfite sequencing was performed. The 5' upstream region of Tslc1 was methylated in the three HCC in which its expression was reduced, but was unmethylated in normal liver tissue. Western blot analysis also revealed reduced expression of Tslc1 protein in the three HCC. These results suggest that alterations to the TSLC cascade might have a role in hepatocarcinogenesis using DEN in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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Haase D, Meister M, Muley T, Hess J, Teurich S, Schnabel P, Hartenstein B, Angel P. FRMD3, a novel putative tumour suppressor in NSCLC. Oncogene 2007; 26:4464-8. [PMID: 17260017 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) represents a leading cause of cancer death in Western countries. Yet, understanding its pathobiology to improve early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies is still a major challenge of today's biomedical research. We analyzed a set of differentially regulated genes that were identified in skin cancer by a comprehensive microarray study, for their expression in NSCLC. We found that ferm domain containing protein 3 (FRMD3), a member of the protein 4.1 superfamily, is expressed in normal lung tissue but silenced in 54 out of 58 independent primary NSCLC tumours compared to patient-matched normal lung tissue. FRMD3 overexpression in different epithelial cell lines resulted in a decreased clonogenicity as measured by colony formation assay. Although cell attachment capabilities and cell proliferation rate remained unchanged, this phenotype was most likely owing to induced apoptosis. Our data identify FRMD3 as a novel putative tumour suppressor gene suggesting an important role in the origin and progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Haase
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Heidelberg, Germany
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Heller G, Geradts J, Ziegler B, Newsham I, Filipits M, Markis-Ritzinger EM, Kandioler D, Berger W, Stiglbauer W, Depisch D, Pirker R, Zielinski CC, Zöchbauer-Müller S. Downregulation of TSLC1 and DAL-1 expression occurs frequently in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 103:283-91. [PMID: 17260099 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
TSLC1 and DAL-1 are tumor suppressor genes involved in cell adhesion. In this study, we examined the expression and methylation pattern of these genes in breast cancer cell lines and primary breast carcinomas. TSLC1 expression was lost in 5 of 8 (63%) and DAL-1 expression was lost in 6 of 8 (75%) breast cancer cell lines, respectively. Downregulation of TSLC1 expression was observed in 43 of 50 (86%) and of DAL-1 expression in 26 of 55 (47%) primary breast carcinomas. TSLC1 methylation was found in 4 of 8 (50%) and DAL-1 methylation was observed in 6 of 8 (75%) breast cancer cell lines, respectively. Of 95 primary breast carcinomas 46 (48%) were TSLC1 methylated and 26 (27%) were DAL-1 methylated. Twenty of 43 (47%) and 10 of 26 (38%) primary breast cancer samples which showed downregulation of TSLC1 and DAL-1 expression were unmethylated for these genes. Re-expression of TSLC1 and DAL-1 was observed after treatment of BT-20 cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and TSA. Samples from patients with grade 3 tumors were more frequently TSLC1 and TSLC1 and/or DAL-1 methylated than samples from patients with grade 1 and 2 tumors (P = 0.032, P = 0.023). Moreover, TSLC1 methylation correlated with loss of both ER and PgR staining (P = 0.011, P = 0.02). Our findings suggest that TSLC1 and DAL-1 are involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and are frequently inactivated by methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwin Heller
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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