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Al-Onaizi M, Braysh K, Alkafeef SS, Altarrah D, Dannoon S, Alasousi D, Adel H, Al-Ajmi M, Kandari A, Najem R, Nizam R, Williams MR, John S, Thanaraj TA, Ahmad R, Al-Hussaini H, Al-Mulla F, Alzaid F. Glucose intolerance induces anxiety-like behaviors independent of obesity and insulin resistance in a novel model of nutritional metabolic stress. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:1143-1161. [PMID: 38319634 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2310419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease of major public health concern. It impacts peripheral tissues and the central nervous system, leading to systemic dysmetabolism and neurocognitive impairments, including memory deficits, anxiety, and depression. The metabolic determinants of these neurocognitive impairments remain unidentified. Here, we sought to address this question by developing a proprietary (P-) high-fat diet (HFD), in which glucose intolerance precedes weight gain and insulin resistance. METHODS The P-HFD model was nutritionally characterized, and tested in vivo in mice that underwent behavioral and metabolic testing. The diet was benchmarked against reference models. . RESULTS P-HFD has 42% kcal from fat, high monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio, and 10% (w/v) sucrose in drinking water. When administered, from the early stages of glucose intolerance alone, animals exhibit anxiety-like behavior, without depression nor recognition memory deficits. Long-term P-HFD feeding leads to weight gain, brain glucose hypometabolism as well as impaired recognition memory. Using an established genetic model of T2D (db/db) and of diet-induced obesity (60% kcal from fat) we show that additional insulin resistance and obesity are associated with depressive-like behaviors and recognition memory deficits. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that glucose intolerance alone can elicit anxiety-like behavior. Through this study, we also provide a novel nutritional model (P-HFD) to characterize the discrete effects of glucose intolerance on cognition, behavior, and the physiology of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Kawthar Braysh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Selma S Alkafeef
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dana Altarrah
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Shorouk Dannoon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dalal Alasousi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hawraa Adel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mariam Al-Ajmi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anwar Kandari
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rawan Najem
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Sumi John
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Heba Al-Hussaini
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Makhlouf M, Souza DG, Kurian S, Bellaver B, Ellis H, Kuboki A, Al-Naama A, Hasnah R, Venturin GT, Costa da Costa J, Venugopal N, Manoel D, Mennella J, Reisert J, Tordoff MG, Zimmer ER, Saraiva LR. Short-term consumption of highly processed diets varying in macronutrient content impair the sense of smell and brain metabolism in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101837. [PMID: 37977411 PMCID: PMC10724696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food processing greatly contributed to increased food safety, diversity, and accessibility. However, the prevalence of highly palatable and highly processed food in our modern diet has exacerbated obesity rates and contributed to a global health crisis. While accumulating evidence suggests that chronic consumption of such foods is detrimental to sensory and neural physiology, it is unclear whether its short-term intake has adverse effects. Here, we assessed how short-term consumption (<2 months) of three diets varying in composition and macronutrient content influence olfaction and brain metabolism in mice. METHODS The diets tested included a grain-based standard chow diet (CHOW; 54% carbohydrate, 32% protein, 14% fat; #8604 Teklad Rodent diet , Envigo Inc.), a highly processed control diet (hpCTR; 70% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 10% fat; #D12450B, Research Diets Inc.), and a highly processed high-fat diet (hpHFD; 20% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 60% fat; #D12492, Research Diets Inc.). We performed behavioral and metabolic phenotyping, electro-olfactogram (EOG) recordings, brain glucose metabolism imaging, and mitochondrial respirometry in different brain regions. We also performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) in the nose and across several brain regions, and conducted differential expression analysis, gene ontology, and network analysis. RESULTS We show that short-term consumption of the two highly processed diets, but not the grain-based diet, regardless of macronutrient content, adversely affects odor-guided behaviors, physiological responses to odorants, transcriptional profiles in the olfactory mucosa and brain regions, and brain glucose metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. CONCLUSIONS Even short periods of highly processed food consumption are sufficient to cause early olfactory and brain abnormalities, which has the potential to alter food choices and influence the risk of developing metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Débora G Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Bellaver
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hillary Ellis
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Akihito Kuboki
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Reem Hasnah
- Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gianina Teribele Venturin
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Julie Mennella
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Johannes Reisert
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael G Tordoff
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Luis R Saraiva
- Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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3
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Mota-Ramírez LD, Escobar C. Postweaning cafeteria diet induces a short-term metabolic disfunction and a differential vulnerability to develop anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors in male but not female rats. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22392. [PMID: 37073591 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Children and adolescents are high consumers of Western diets (rich in fat and sugars), which is a risk factor for overweight and obesity. Moreover, the presence of anxiety and depression among this population has increased significantly. This study explores in young postweaning rats the association between Western diet consumption and the development of metabolic and behavioral disturbances. At postnatal day (PN) 24, Wistar rats of both sexes were weaned and assigned to a control or cafeteria diet (CAF) group. After short-term exposure, a group of rats was euthanized at PN31 to obtain abdominal fat pads and blood samples. Another group of rats was tested in the open-field test, splash test, anhedonia test, and social play across 11 days (PN32-42). The CAF groups exhibited a significantly high level of body fat, serum glucose, triglycerides, leptin, and HOMA index when compared to the control groups. Only CAF males exhibited anxiety-like and depression-like behavior. Present results indicate that postweaning short-term exposure to a CAF diet has immediate detrimental effects on metabolism in both sexes. However, only CAF males showed mood disturbances. This study provides evidence that a CAF diet exerts immediate effects on behavior and metabolism in the postweaning period and that sexes present differential vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz D Mota-Ramírez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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Silva SP, Beserra-Filho JIA, Kubota MC, Cardoso GN, Freitas FRS, Gonçalves BSM, Vicente-Silva W, Silva-Martins S, Custódio-Silva AC, Soares-Silva B, Maria-Macêdo A, Santos JR, Estadella D, Ribeiro AM. Palatable high-fat diet intake influences mnemonic and emotional aspects in female rats in an estrous cycle-dependent manner. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1717-1727. [PMID: 34406559 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the excessive consumption of fat and/or sugar has increased considerably. Palatable high-fat diets (HFDs) lead to metabolic disturbances and obesity, and impact emotional and cognitive processes. Previous studies in rodent models suggested that HFDs often cause multiple behavioral alterations, such as learning and memory deficits, and anxiety-like behaviors. Different sexes imply different behavioral and cognitive abilities; yet, most of these studies dealt with male or ovariectomized rats. We evaluated HFD effects in female rats submitted to different behavioral tasks, considering the effects of endogenous hormonal variations throughout estrous cycle. Female Wistar rats in each phase of the estrous cycle using commercial chow (CC) or HFD for 32 days. During treatment, behavioral assessments using sucrose preference (SP), elevated plus-maze (EPM), open field (OF) and novel-object recognition (NOR). At the end of the behavioral tests, animals were euthanized, and performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the brains by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The main results demonstrated that (1) HFD-fed rats had higher body mass gain and food intake, without altering caloric intake, (2) rats in diestrus had lower sucrose intake, (3) females in metestrus and diestrus showed deficits in the novel-object recognition memory. Furthermore, TH-immunoreactivity decreased in the dorsal striatum and BDNF in the hippocampus in HFD-fed females. These results suggest that HFD alters neurochemical and metabolic aspects that may induce phase-dependent behavioral changes in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Ivo Araújo Beserra-Filho
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Melina Chiemi Kubota
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nascimento Cardoso
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisca Rayanne Silva Freitas
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Santos Martins Gonçalves
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Vicente-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Suellen Silva-Martins
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claúdia Custódio-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Soares-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maria-Macêdo
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Ronaldo Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Debora Estadella
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Casagrande BP, Pisani LP, Estadella D. AMPK in the gut-liver-brain axis and its influence on OP rats in an HSHF intake and WTD rat model. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1199-1211. [PMID: 34075446 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesogenic diets (ODs) can affect AMPK activation in several sites as the colon, liver, and hypothalamus. OD intake can impair the hypothalamic AMPK regulation of energy homeostasis. Despite consuming ODs, not all subjects have the propensity to develop or progress to obesity. The obesity propensity is more associated with energy intake than expenditure dysregulations and may have a link with AMPK activity. While the effects of ODs are studied widely, few evaluate the short-term effects of terminating OD intake. Withdrawing from OD (WTD) is thought to improve or reverse the damages caused by the intake. Therefore, here we applied an OD intake and WTD protocol aiming to evaluate AMPK protein content and phosphorylation in the colon, liver, and hypothalamus and their relationship with obesity propensity. To this end, male Wistar rats (60 days) received control or high-sugar/high-fat (HSHF) OD for 30 days. Half of the animals were OD-withdrawn and fed the control diet for 48 h. After intake, we found a reduction in AMPK phosphorylation in the hypothalamus and colon, and after WTD, we found an increase in its hepatic and hypothalamic phosphorylation. The decrease in colon pAMPK/AMPK could be linked with hypothalamic pAMPK/AMPK after HSHF intake, while the increase in hepatic pAMPK/AMPK could have prevented the increase in hypothalamic pAMPK/AMPK. In the obesity-prone rats, we found higher levels of hypothalamic and colon pAMPK/AMPK despite the higher body mass gain. Our results highlight the relevance in multi-organ investigations and animal phenotype evaluation when studying the energy metabolism regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno Picin Casagrande
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP/BS, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP/BS, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Debora Estadella
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP/BS, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil.
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Casagrande BP, Gomes MFP, Moura EOC, Santos ACC, Kubota MC, Ribeiro DA, Pisani LP, Medeiros A, Estadella D. Age-dependent hepatic alterations induced by a high-fat high-fructose diet. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:359-368. [PMID: 30874869 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate and clarify how the age at which the intake of a high-fat and high-fructose diet begins can affect animals' livers. METHODS Thirty-eight male wistar rats aged 6 and 12 weeks were fed a high-fat and high-fructose diet for 13 weeks. Inflammatory cytokines, hepatic glycogen, serum and hepatic triacylglycerol and pAkt protein content in the liver were assessed. Percentage of weight gained, and visceral adiposity were also evaluated. RESULTS Young animal presented increased hepatic triacylglycerol and decreased glycogen, while adult animals had no significant alterations regarding its contents. IL6 and IL10 to IL6 ratio were also altered in young animals exposed to HFHF, while adult animals fed with HFHF had only increases in TNF-α. Both groups which received HFHF had increased serum triacylglycerol and visceral adiposity. However, only young animals gained more relative weight and had greater final body weight, gains which were related to alterations found in hepatic triacylglycerol and glycogen. CONCLUSION Age of which consumption begins interferes in how the liver deals with an excess of nutrient and subsequent proinflammatory stimulation, leading to different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Casagrande
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - M F P Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - E O C Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - A C C Santos
- Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - M C Kubota
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - D A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - L P Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - A Medeiros
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - D Estadella
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Oishi JC, Castro CA, Silva KA, Fabricio V, Cárnio EC, Phillips SA, Duarte ACGDO, Rodrigues GJ. Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation Precedes Elevations in Blood Pressure Induced by a High-Fat Diet. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 110:558-567. [PMID: 30226915 PMCID: PMC6023639 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity leads to a chronic inflammatory state, endothelial dysfunction and
hypertension. Objective To establish the time-course of events regarding inflammatory markers,
endothelial dysfunction, systolic blood pressure (SBP) in obesity in only
one experimental model. Methods We fed male Wistar rats (eight-week age) with a standard diet (Control - CT,
n = 35), or palatable high-fat diet (HFD, n = 35) for 24 weeks. Every six
weeks, 7 animals from each group were randomly selected for euthanasia. SBP
and serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α,
C-reactive protein, adiponectin and nitric oxide were determined.
Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle functions were determined in
dissected aorta and lipid peroxidation was measured. Statistical
significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines began to increase after six weeks of a
high-fat diet, while those of the anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin
decreased. Interestingly, the endothelial function and serum nitric oxide
began to decrease after six weeks in HFD group. The SBP and lipid
peroxidation began to increase at 12 weeks in HFD group. In addition, we
showed that total visceral fat mass was negatively correlated with
endothelial function and positively correlated with SBP. Conclusion Our results show the time-course of deleterious effects and their correlation
with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karina Ana Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Victor Fabricio
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, SP - Brazil
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Gondim PN, Rosa PV, Okamura D, Silva VDO, Andrade EF, Biihrer DA, Pereira LJ. Benefits of Fish Oil Consumption over Other Sources of Lipids on Metabolic Parameters in Obese Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010065. [PMID: 29320433 PMCID: PMC5793293 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the consumption of different levels and sources of lipids on metabolic parameters of Wistar rats. Animals were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) containing 20% of lard for 12 weeks to cause metabolic obesity. Subsequently, the animals were divided into six groups and were fed diets with lipid concentrations of 5% or 20% of lard (LD), soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO), for 4 weeks. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (two-way) followed by Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05). The groups that consumed FO showed less weight gain and lower serum levels of triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol and fractions, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, atherogenic index, less amount of fat in the carcass, decreased Lee index and lower total leukocyte counting (p < 0.05). These same parameters were higher in LD treatment (p < 0.05). In the concentration of 20%, carcass fat content, blood glucose levels, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased in FO groups (p < 0.05). The SO group had intermediate results regarding the other two treatments (FO and LD). We concluded that fish oil intake was able to modulate positively the metabolic changes resulting from HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Novato Gondim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Vieira Rosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Okamura
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Viviam De Oliveira Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Eric Francelino Andrade
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Arrais Biihrer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil.
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de Souza ILL, Barros BC, de Oliveira GA, Queiroga FR, Toscano LT, Silva AS, Silva PM, Interaminense LFL, Cavalcante FDA, da Silva BA. Hypercaloric Diet Establishes Erectile Dysfunction in Rat: Mechanisms Underlying the Endothelial Damage. Front Physiol 2017; 8:760. [PMID: 29085300 PMCID: PMC5649200 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive increase in body mass, leading to endothelial damage that may favor the development of erectile dysfunction (ED). ED is defined as the inability to achieve or maintain a penile erection long enough to have a sexual intercourse. In this context, different ED models were developed, however the high price of special animals or the long period to establish the disease has limited studies in this field. Therefore, this study proposed to establish and characterize a novel model of ED in rats associated to a hypercaloric diet consumption. Animals were randomly divided into control group (CG), which received a standard diet, and obese group (OG), fed with a hypercaloric diet during 8 weeks. Rat's erectile function was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Food and caloric intake of OG were reduced compared to CG, due to an increased diet energy efficiency. However, OG presented an increased body mass, inguinal, retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues, as well as body adiposity index at the end of experimental protocol. In erectile function analysis, there was a decrease in the number and the latency of penile erections in OG. Additionally, the contractile reactivity of corpus cavernosum was increased in OG, favoring penile detumescence and related to a reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and an increased in contractile prostaglandins levels as a consequence of endothelial damage. Moreover, the endothelium-relaxation reactivity of corpus cavernosum was attenuated in OG associated to the oxidative stress. Thus, it was provided a model for advances in sexual dysfunction field and drug discovery for ED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara L. L. de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bárbara C. Barros
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando R. Queiroga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Lydiane T. Toscano
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S. Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M. Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana de Andrade Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia A. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Effects of high-fat diet on somatic growth, metabolic parameters and function of peritoneal macrophages of young rats submitted to a maternal low-protein diet. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:796-803. [PMID: 28412994 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of a post-weaning high-fat (HF) diet on somatic growth, food consumption, metabolic parameters, phagocytic rate and nitric oxide (NO) production of peritoneal macrophages in young rats submitted to a maternal low-protein (LP) diet. Male Wistar rats (aged 60 d) were divided in two groups (n 22/each) according to their maternal diet during gestation and lactation: control (C, dams fed 17 % casein) and LP (dams fed 8 % casein). At weaning, half of the groups were fed HF diet and two more groups were formed (HF and low protein-high fat (LP-HF)). Somatic growth, food and energy intake, fat depots, serum glucose, cholesterol and leptin concentrations were evaluated. Phagocytic rate and NO production were analysed in peritoneal macrophages under stimulation of zymosan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+interferon γ (IFN-γ), respectively. The maternal LP diet altered the somatic parameters of growth and development of pups. LP and LP-HF pups showed a higher body weight gain and food intake than C pups. HF and LP-HF pups showed increased retroperitoneal and epididymal fat depots, serum level of TAG and total cholesterol compared with C and LP pups. After LPS+IFN-γ stimulation, LP and LP-HF pups showed reduced NO production when compared with their pairs. Increased phagocytic activity and NO production were seen in LP but not LP-HF peritoneal macrophages. However, peritoneal macrophages of LP pups were hyporesponsive to LPS+IFN-γ induced NO release, even after a post-weaning HF diet. Our data demonstrated that there was an immunomodulation related to dietary fatty acids after the maternal LP diet-induced metabolic programming.
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Miguel NA, Andrade SF, Nai G, Laposy CB, Nascimento FF, Dinallo HR, Melchert A. EFFECTS OF RESVERATROL ON LIVER FUNCTION OF OBESE FEMALE WISTAR RATS. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v17i332990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Resveratrol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipolytic, and antifibrotic properties, which may be useful in supplementation of obese patients and with liver problems. This study evaluated the effects of 6-week resveratrol supplementation on the lipid profile and liver function of female Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity. Sixty-four Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 16): the control group (C); the control obese group (CO); the resveratrol group (R); and the resveratrol obese group (RO). At the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized for blood collection and subsequent euthanasia for collection of liver biopsy. The parameters for body weight, liver weight, retroperitoneal fat weight, serum lipid and liver profiles and histopathological analysis were evaluated. The 6-week resveratrol administration did not induce weight loss nor did it reduce the lipid profile; however, it decreased the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and reduced the incidence of steatosis (75.0%) in group RO compared with group CO (81.2%). Thus, we concluded that resveratrol supplementation for the short period of six weeks had a beneficial effect on liver function by reducing hepatic steatosis and the liver enzymes AST and ALP in obese female rats.
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Vido DS, Nejm MB, Silva NR, Silva SMA, Cravo SL, Luz J. Maternal obesity and late effects on offspring metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 58:301-7. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the late effects of maternal obesity induced by lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus on offspring metabolism.Materials and methods : Thirty days after the bilateral lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus, female rats were mated and divided into 2 groups of pregnant animals: Control (C) – false lesion (sham) and Obese (OB) – lesion. Three months after that, with the groups of mothers, offspring were divided into control and obese animals that received a normocaloric diet (C-N and OB-N), and control and obese animals that received a hypercaloric diet (C-H and OB-H). At 120 days of age, the animals were euthanized and their carcasses, feces and food were submitted to calorimetric analysis to determine energy balance and body composition.Results : During the growth period, offspring from obese mothers showed higher values of body weight and food intake than controls. Obese animals showed higher body weight gain and gross food efficiency than control animals in adulthood. The hypercaloric diet led to increased metabolizable energy intake, percentage of absorbed energy and energy expenditure in both groups. Body composition was only affected by the association of hypercaloric diet and maternal obesity that led to increased body fat.Conclusions : Maternal obesity has led to the development of later overweight in offspring, suggesting fetal programming. According to the trend presented, it is believed that the prolonged intake of hypercaloric diets in adult animals may, as an additional effect, induce worsening of the overweight induced by maternal obesity. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):301-7
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Li H, Chen B, Shao X, Hu Z, Deng Y, Zhu R, Li Y, Zhang B, Hou J, Du C, Zhao Q, Fu D, Bu Q, Zhao Y, Cen X. 1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic analysis of brain in mice with nicotine treatment. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:32. [PMID: 24558969 PMCID: PMC3936859 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotine is rapidly absorbed from cigarette smoke and therefore induces a number of chronic illnesses with the widespread use of tobacco products. Studies have shown a few cerebral metabolites modified by nicotine; however, endogenous metabolic profiling in brain has not been well explored. Results H NMR-based on metabonomics was applied to investigate the endogenous metabolic profiling of brain hippocampus, nucleus acumens (NAc), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum. We found that nicotine significantly increased CPP in mice, and some specific cerebral metabolites differentially changed in nicotine-treated mice. These modified metabolites included glutamate, acetylcholine, tryptamine, glucose, lactate, creatine, 3-hydroxybutyrate and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which was closely associated with neurotransmitter and energy source. Additionally, glutathione and taurine in hippocampus and striatum, phosphocholine in PFC and glycerol in NAc were significantly modified by nicotine, implying the dysregulation of anti-oxidative stress response and membrane metabolism. Conclusions Nicotine induces significant metabonomic alterations in brain, which are involved in neurotransmitter disturbance, energy metabolism dysregulation, anti-oxidation and membrane function disruptions, as well as amino acid metabolism imbalance. These findings provide a new insight into rewarding effects of nicotine and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 28# Gaopeng Avenue, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Li H, Bu Q, Chen B, Shao X, Hu Z, Deng P, Lv L, Deng Y, Zhu R, Li Y, Zhang B, Hou J, Du C, Zhao Q, Fu D, Zhao Y, Cen X. Mechanisms of metabonomic for a gateway drug: nicotine priming enhances behavioral response to cocaine with modification in energy metabolism and neurotransmitter level. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87040. [PMID: 24489831 PMCID: PMC3904956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, one of the most commonly used drugs, has become a major concern because tobacco serves as a gateway drug and is linked to illicit drug abuse, such as cocaine and marijuana. However, previous studies mainly focused on certain genes or neurotransmitters which have already been known to participate in drug addiction, lacking endogenous metabolic profiling in a global view. To further explore the mechanism by which nicotine modifies the response to cocaine, we developed two conditioned place preference (CPP) models in mice. In threshold dose model, mice were pretreated with nicotine, followed by cocaine treatment at the dose of 2 mg/kg, a threshold dose of cocaine to induce CPP in mice. In high-dose model, mice were only treated with 20 mg/kg cocaine, which induced a significant CPP. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance based on metabonomics was used to investigate metabolic profiles of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striatum. We found that nicotine pretreatment dramatically increased CPP induced by 2 mg/kg cocaine, which was similar to 20 mg/kg cocaine-induced CPP. Interestingly, metabolic profiles showed considerable overlap between these two models. These overlapped metabolites mainly included neurotransmitters as well as the molecules participating in energy homeostasis and cellular metabolism. Our results show that the reinforcing effect of nicotine on behavioral response to cocaine may attribute to the modification of some specific metabolites in NAc and striatum, thus creating a favorable metabolic environment for enhancing conditioned rewarding effect of cocaine. Our findings provide an insight into the effect of cigarette smoking on cocaine dependence and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Bu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Shao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengtao Hu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengchi Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Lv
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Deng
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiming Zhu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baolai Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Hou
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changman Du
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dengqi Fu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Estadella D, da Penha Oller do Nascimento CM, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, Dâmaso AR, de Piano A. Lipotoxicity: effects of dietary saturated and transfatty acids. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:137579. [PMID: 23509418 PMCID: PMC3572653 DOI: 10.1155/2013/137579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ingestion of excessive amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and transfatty acids (TFAs) is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The focus of this paper was to elucidate the influence of dietary SFA and TFA intake on the promotion of lipotoxicity to the liver and cardiovascular, endothelial, and gut microbiota systems, as well as on insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The saturated and transfatty acids favor a proinflammatory state leading to insulin resistance. These fatty acids can be involved in several inflammatory pathways, contributing to disease progression in chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, allergy, cancer, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart hypertrophy as well as other metabolic and degenerative diseases. As a consequence, lipotoxicity may occur in several target organs by direct effects, represented by inflammation pathways, and through indirect effects, including an important alteration in the gut microbiota associated with endotoxemia. Interactions between these pathways may perpetuate a feedback process that exacerbates an inflammatory state. The importance of lifestyle modification, including an improved diet, is recommended as a strategy for treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Estadella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862 Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2 andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia M. da Penha Oller do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862 Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2 andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila M. Oyama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862 Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2 andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane B. Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862 Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2 andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana R. Dâmaso
- Departamento de Biociências, UNIFESP, Campus Baixada Santista, 11060-001 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline de Piano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862 Edifício de Ciências Biomédicas, 2 andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-060 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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