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Behl T, Sehgal A, Bala R, Chadha S. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and role of autophagy in obesity. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2881-2895. [PMID: 33797660 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vital for growth, proliferation, subsistence, and thermogenesis, autophagy is the biological cascade, which confers defence against aging and various pathologies. Current research has demonstrated de novo activity of autophagy in stimulation of biological events. There exists a significant association between autophagy activation and obesity, encompassing expansion of adipocytes which facilitates β cell activity. The main objective of the manuscript is to enumerate intrinsic role of autophagy in obesity and associated complications. The peer review articles published till date were searched using medical databases like PubMed and MEDLINE for research, primarily in English language. Obesity is characterized by adipocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which leads to imbalance of lipid absorption, free fatty acid release, and mitochondrial activity. Detailed evaluation of obesity progression is necessary for its treatment and related comorbidities. Data collected in regard to etiological sustaining of obesity, has revealed hypothesized energy misbalance and neuro-humoral dysfunction, which is stimulated by autophagy. Autophagy regulates chief salvaging events for protein clustering, excessive triglycerides, and impaired mitochondria which is accompanied by oxidative and genotoxic stress in mammals. Autophagy is a homeostatic event, which regulates biological process by eliminating lethal cells and reprocessing physiological constituents, comprising of proteins and fat. Unquestionably, autophagy impairment is involved in metabolic syndromes, like obesity. According to an individual's metabolic outline, autophagy activation is essential for metabolism and activity of the adipose tissue and to retard metabolic syndrome i.e. obesity. The manuscript summarizes the perception of current knowledge on autophagy stimulation and its effect on the obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajni Bala
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Swati Chadha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Castañeda D, Gabani M, Choi SK, Nguyen QM, Chen C, Mapara A, Kassan A, Gonzalez AA, Ait-Aissa K, Kassan M. Targeting Autophagy in Obesity-Associated Heart Disease. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1050-1058. [PMID: 30938942 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the increasing rates of obesity have led to an alarming obesity epidemic worldwide. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases; thus, it is essential to define the molecular mechanisms by which obesity affects heart function. Individuals with obesity and overweight have shown changes in cardiac structure and function, leading to cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, and arrhythmia. Autophagy is a highly conserved recycling mechanism that delivers proteins and damaged organelles to lysosomes for degradation. In the hearts of patients and mouse models with obesity, this process is impaired. Furthermore, it has been shown that autophagy flux restoration in obesity models improves cardiac function. Therefore, autophagy may play an important role in mitigating the adverse effects of obesity on the heart. Throughout this review, we will discuss the benefits of autophagy on the heart in obesity and how regulating autophagy might be a therapeutic tool to reduce the risk of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Castañeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohanad Gabani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Quynh My Nguyen
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China, Shanghai
| | - Ayesha Mapara
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam Kassan
- School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Modar Kassan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Deus AF, Vileigas DF, Silva DCT, Tomasi LC, Campos DHS, Okoshi K, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC. Cardiac function and intracellular Ca2+ handling proteins are not impaired by high-saturated-fat diet-induced obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8085. [PMID: 31141087 PMCID: PMC6542093 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with changes in cardiac function; however, the mechanisms responsible for functional abnormalities have not yet been fully clarified. Considering the lack of information regarding high-saturated-fat diet-induced obesity, heart function, and the proteins involved in myocardial calcium (Ca2+) handling, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that this dietary model of obesity leads to cardiac dysfunction resulting from alterations in the regulatory proteins of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: control (C, n=18; standard diet) and obese (Ob, n=19; high-saturated-fat diet), which were fed for 33 weeks. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated using echocardiographic and isolated papillary muscle analyses. Myocardial protein expressions of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, phospholamban (PLB), PLB serine-16 phosphorylation, PLB threonine-17 phosphorylation, ryanodine receptor, calsequestrin, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, and L-type Ca2+ channel were assessed by western blot. Obese rats presented 104% increase in the adiposity index (C: 4.5±1.4 vs Ob: 9.2±1.5%) and obesity-related comorbidities compared to control rats. The left atrium diameter (C: 5.0±0.4 vs Ob: 5.5±0.5 mm) and posterior wall shortening velocity (C: 36.7±3.4 vs Ob: 41.8±3.8 mm/s) were higher in the obese group than in the control. The papillary muscle function was similar between the groups at baseline and after inotropic and lusitropic maneuvers. Obesity did not lead to changes in myocardial Ca2+ handling proteins expression. In conclusion, the hypothesis was not confirmed, since the high-saturated-fat diet-induced obese rats did not present cardiac dysfunction or impaired intracellular Ca2+ handling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Deus
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - D F Vileigas
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - D C T Silva
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - L C Tomasi
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - D H S Campos
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - K Okoshi
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - C R Padovani
- Departamento de Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - A C Cicogna
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Dong S, Zhang R, Liang Y, Shi J, Li J, Shang F, Mao X, Sun J. Changes of myocardial lipidomics profiling in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy using UPLC/Q-TOF/MS analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:56. [PMID: 28736579 PMCID: PMC5520292 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious cardiac dysfunction induced by changes in the structure and contractility of the myocardium that are initiated in part by alterations in energy substrates. The underlying mechanisms of DCM are still under controversial. The observation of lipids, especially lipidomics profiling, can provide an insight into the know the biomarkers of DCM. The aim of our research was to detect changes of myocardial lipidomics profiling in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced by feeding a high-sucrose/fat diet (HSFD) for 28 weeks and streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to quadruple time-of flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer was used to acquire and analyze the lipidomics profiling of myocardial tissue. Meanwhile, parameters of cardiac function were collected using cardiac catheterization, and the cardiac index was calculated, and fasting blood glucose and lipid levels were measured by an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. RESULTS We detected 3023 positive ion peaks and 300 negative ion peaks. Levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (22:6/18:2), PC (22:6/18:1), PC (20:4/16:1), PC (16:1/18:3), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (20:4/18:2), and PE (20:4/16:0) were down-regulated, and PC (20:2/18:2), PC (18:0/16:0), and PC (20:4/18:0) were up-regulated in DCM model rats, when compared with control rats. Cardiac functions signed as values of left ventricular systolic pressure, maximal uprising velocity of left ventricular pressure and maximal decreasing velocity of left ventricular pressure were injured by 21-44%, and the cardiac index was increased by 25%, and fasting blood glucose and lipids were increased by 34-368%. Meanwhile, the cardiac lipid-related biomarkers have significant correlation with changes of cardiac function and cardiac index. CONCLUSIONS UPLC/Q-TOF/MS analysis data suggested changes of some potential lipid biomarkers in the development of cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may serve as potential important targets for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of DCM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifen Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Yaoyue Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Fei Shang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xuezhou Mao
- Biostatistics and Programming, Sanofi U.S., Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA
| | - Jianning Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
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Abdesselam I, Pepino P, Troalen T, Macia M, Ancel P, Masi B, Fourny N, Gaborit B, Giannesini B, Kober F, Dutour A, Bernard M. Time course of cardiometabolic alterations in a high fat high sucrose diet mice model and improvement after GLP-1 analog treatment using multimodal cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:95. [PMID: 26546347 PMCID: PMC4636800 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular complications of obesity and diabetes are major health problems. Assessing their development, their link with ectopic fat deposition and their flexibility with therapeutic intervention is essential. The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate cardiac alterations and ectopic fat accumulation associated with diet-induced obesity using multimodal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in mice. The second objective was to monitor cardiac response to exendin-4 (GLP-1 receptor agonist). METHODS Male C57BL6R mice subjected to a high fat (35 %) high sucrose (34 %) (HFHSD) or a standard diet (SD) during 4 months were explored every month with multimodal CMR to determine hepatic and myocardial triglyceride content (HTGC, MTGC) using proton MR spectroscopy, cardiac function with cine cardiac MR (CMR) and myocardial perfusion with arterial spin labeling CMR. Furthermore, mice treated with exendin-4 (30 μg/kg SC BID) after 4 months of diet were explored before and 14 days post-treatment with multimodal CMR. RESULTS HFHSD mice became significantly heavier (+33 %) and displayed glucose homeostasis impairment (1-month) as compared to SD mice, and developed early increase in HTGC (1 month, +59 %) and MTGC (2-month, +63 %). After 3 months, HFHSD mice developed cardiac dysfunction with significantly higher diastolic septum wall thickness (sWtnD) (1.28 ± 0.03 mm vs. 1.12 ± 0.03 mm) and lower cardiac index (0.45 ± 0.06 mL/min/g vs. 0.68 ± 0.07 mL/min/g, p = 0.02) compared to SD mice. A significantly lower cardiac perfusion was also observed (4 months:7.5 ± 0.8 mL/g/min vs. 10.0 ± 0.7 mL/g/min, p = 0.03). Cardiac function at 4 months was negatively correlated to both HTGC and MTGC (p < 0.05). 14-day treatment with Exendin-4 (Ex-4) dramatically reversed all these alterations in comparison with placebo-treated HFHSD. Ex-4 diminished myocardial triglyceride content (-57.8 ± 4.1 %), improved cardiac index (+38.9 ± 10.9 %) and restored myocardial perfusion (+52.8 ± 16.4 %) under isoflurane anesthesia. Interestingly, increased wall thickness and hepatic steatosis reductions were independent of weight loss and glycemia decrease in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CMR longitudinal follow-up of cardiac consequences of obesity and diabetes showed early accumulation of ectopic fat in mice before the occurrence of microvascular and contractile dysfunction. This study also supports a cardioprotective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Abdesselam
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Pepino
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Troalen
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Michael Macia
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Ancel
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Brice Masi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Natacha Fourny
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
- Endocrinology, Metabolic diseases and nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Benoît Giannesini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Frank Kober
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, Inserm U1062/Inra1260, 13385, Marseille, France
- Endocrinology, Metabolic diseases and nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM, UMR7339, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France.
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Abdurrachim D, Luiken JJFP, Nicolay K, Glatz JFC, Prompers JJ, Nabben M. Good and bad consequences of altered fatty acid metabolism in heart failure: evidence from mouse models. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:194-205. [PMID: 25765936 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The shift in substrate preference away from fatty acid oxidation (FAO) towards increased glucose utilization in heart failure has long been interpreted as an oxygen-sparing mechanism. Inhibition of FAO has therefore evolved as an accepted approach to treat heart failure. However, recent data indicate that increased reliance on glucose might be detrimental rather than beneficial for the failing heart. This review discusses new insights into metabolic adaptations in heart failure. A particular focus lies on data obtained from mouse models with modulations of cardiac FA metabolism at different levels of the FA metabolic pathway and how these differently affect cardiac function. Based on studies in which these mouse models were exposed to ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart failure, we discuss whether and when modulations in FA metabolism are protective against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Abdurrachim
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, PO BOX 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, PO BOX 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, PO BOX 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE, PO BOX 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abdurrachim D, Ciapaite J, Wessels B, Nabben M, Luiken JJ, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ. Cardiac diastolic dysfunction in high-fat diet fed mice is associated with lipotoxicity without impairment of cardiac energetics in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1842:1525-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Schlater AE, De Miranda MA, Frye MA, Trumble SJ, Kanatous SB. Changing the paradigm for myoglobin: a novel link between lipids and myoglobin. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:307-15. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00973.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) is an oxygen-binding muscular hemeprotein regulated via Ca2+-signaling pathways involving calcineurin (CN), with Mb increases attributed to hypoxia, exercise, and nitric oxide. Here, we show a link between lipid supplementation and increased Mb in skeletal muscle. C2C12 cells were cultured in normoxia or hypoxia with glucose or 5% lipid. Mb assays revealed that lipid cohorts had higher Mb than control cohorts in both normoxia and hypoxia, whereas Mb Western blots showed lipid cohorts having higher Mb than control cohorts exclusively under hypoxia. Normoxic cells were compared with soleus tissue from normoxic rats fed high-fat diets; whereas tissue sample cohorts showed no difference in CO-binding Mb, fat-fed rats showed increases in total Mb protein (similar to hypoxic cells), suggesting increases in modified Mb. Moreover, Mb increases did not parallel CN increases but did, however, parallel oxidative stress marker augmentation. Addition of antioxidant prevented Mb increases in lipid-supplemented normoxic cells and mitigated Mb increases in lipid-supplemented hypoxic cells, suggesting a pathway for Mb regulation through redox signaling independent of CN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melinda A. Frye
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Leptin induces cardiac fibrosis through galectin-3, mTOR and oxidative stress. J Hypertens 2014; 32:1104-14; discussion 1114. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Neves FA, Cortez E, Bernardo AF, Mattos ABM, Vieira AK, Malafaia TDO, Thole AA, Rodrigues-Cunha ACDS, Garcia-Souza EP, Sichieri R, Moura AS. Heart energy metabolism impairment in Western-diet induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 25:50-7. [PMID: 24314865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional transition has contributed to growing obesity, mainly by changing eating habits of the population. The mechanisms by which diet-induced obesity leads to cardiac injury are not completely understood, but it is known that obesity is associated to impaired cardiac function and energy metabolism, increasing morbidity and mortality. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolism impairment related to Western diet-induced obesity. After weaning, male Swiss mice were fed a Western diet for 16 weeks in order to induce obesity. After this period, the content of proteins involved in heart energy metabolism GLUT1, cytosolic lysate and plasma membrane GLUT4, AMPK, pAMPK, IRβ, IRS-1, PGC-1α, CPT1 and UCP2 was evaluated. Also, the oxidative phosphorylation of myocardial fibers was measured by high-resolution respirometry. Mice in the Western diet group (WG) presented altered biometric parameters compared to those in control group, including higher body weight, increased myocardial lipid deposition and glucose intolerance, which demonstrate the obesogenic role of Western diet. WG presented increased CPT1 and UCP2 contents and decreased IRS-1, plasma membrane GLUT4 and PGC-1α contents. In addition, WG presented cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced biogenesis, demonstrating a lower capacity of carbohydrates and fatty acid oxidation and also decreased coupling between oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate synthesis. Cardiac metabolism impairment related to Western diet-induced obesity is probably due to damaged myocardial oxidative capacity, reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondria uncoupling, which compromise the bioenergetic metabolism of heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana A Neves
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kim OY, Jung YS, Cho Y, Chung JH, Hwang GS, Shin MJ. Altered heart and kidney phospholipid fatty acid composition are associated with cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive rats. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1111-1117. [PMID: 23608354 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association of cardiac hypertrophy or fibrosis with the phospholipid fatty acid (FA) composition of heart and kidney in hypertensive rats. DESIGN AND METHODS Eight-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) (n=8) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs, n=8) as a normotensive control, were fed ad libitum for 6 weeks with regular AIN-76 diet. Phospholipid FA compositions in the left ventricle and kidney were measured and histological analyses were performed. RESULTS Compared with WKYs, SHRs had lower proportions of γ-linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, dihomo-γ-linoleic acid, docosadienoic acid and nervonic acid in heart, and stearic acid (SA), γ-linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in kidney. After adjusting for food intake, SHRs still maintained higher proportions of SA, and total saturated FAs in the heart and a lower proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid in the kidney. Additionally, compared with WKYs, SHRs showed larger cardiomyocyte diameters in the left ventricles, indicating cardiac hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Cardiomyocyte diameters also positively correlated with cardiac SA (r=0.550, p<0.05) and negatively with kidney EPA (r=-0.575, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Tissue FA compositions were associated with cardiac hypertrophy in a hypertensive setting, implicating the pathogenic role of tissue FAs in hypertension and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sang Jung
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsu Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Hospital and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea.
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Jeckel KM, Veeramachaneni DNR, Chicco AJ, Chapman PL, Mulligan CM, Hegarty JR, Pagliassotti MJ, Ferguson LA, Bouma GJ, Frye MA. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation does not improve Western diet-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51994. [PMID: 23300587 PMCID: PMC3530602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases risk for cardiomyopathy in the absence of hypertension, diabetes or ischemia. The fatty acid milieu, modulated by diet, may modify myocardial structure and function, lending partial explanation for the array of cardiomyopathic phenotypy. We sought to identify gross, cellular and ultrastructural myocardial changes associated with Western diet intake, and subsequent modification with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation. Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received 1 of 3 diets: control (CON); Western (WES); Western + DHA (WES+DHA). After 12 weeks of treatment, echocardiography was performed and myocardial adiponectin, fatty acids, collagen, area occupied by lipid and myocytes, and ultrastructure were determined. Strain effects included higher serum adiponectin in Wistar rats, and differences in myocardial fatty acid composition. Diet effects were evident in that both WES and WES+DHA feeding were associated with similarly increased left ventricular (LV) diastolic cranial wall thickness (LVW(cr/d)) and decreased diastolic internal diameter (LVID(d)), compared to CON. Unexpectedly, WES+DHA feeding was associated additionally with increased thickness of the LV cranial wall during systole (LVW(cr/s)) and the caudal wall during diastole (LVW(ca/d)) compared to CON; this was observed concomitantly with increased serum and myocardial adiponectin. Diastolic dysfunction was present in WES+DHA rats compared to both WES and CON. Myocyte cross sectional area (CSA) was greater in WES compared to CON rats. In both fat-fed groups, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed myofibril degeneration, disorganized mitochondrial cristae, lipid inclusions and vacuolation. In the absence of hypertension and whole body insulin resistance, WES+DHA intake was associated with more global LV thickening and with diastolic dysfunction, compared to WES feeding alone. Myocyte hypertrophy, possibly related to subcellular injury, is an early change that may contribute to gross hypertrophy. Strain differences in adipokines and myocardial fatty acid accretion may underlie heterogeneous data from rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M. Jeckel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - D. N. Rao Veeramachaneni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Adam J. Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of Applied Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Phillip L. Chapman
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Mulligan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R. Hegarty
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Pagliassotti
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lindsay A. Ferguson
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Gerrit J. Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Melinda A. Frye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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13
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Mehlman E, Bright J, Jeckel K, Porsche C, Veeramachaneni D, Frye M. Echocardiographic Evidence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Obese Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Mehlman
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
| | - J.M. Bright
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
| | - K. Jeckel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
| | - C. Porsche
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
| | - D.N.R. Veeramachaneni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
| | - M. Frye
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
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14
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Adolphe JL, Drew MD, Huang Q, Silver TI, Weber LP. Postprandial impairment of flow-mediated dilation and elevated methylglyoxal after simple but not complex carbohydrate consumption in dogs. Nutr Res 2012; 32:278-84. [PMID: 22575041 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia produces oxidative stress, which may impair endothelial function. Methylglyoxal, a reactive intermediate metabolite of glucose, is known to cause oxidative stress and is produced when excess carbohydrate is consumed in diabetic patients, but postprandial responses in healthy patients are unknown. We hypothesize that methylglyoxal levels will cause impaired endothelial function via increased oxidative stress after consuming a high glycemic index meal in healthy animals. Normal-weight laboratory beagles (n = 6) were used in a crossover study that tested postprandial responses of 4 complex carbohydrate sources (barley, corn, peas, rice) vs a simple carbohydrate (glucose). Blood samples were taken prefeeding and at timed intervals after feeding to measure serum glucose, insulin, nitrotyrosine, and methylglyoxal. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), cardiac function (echocardiography), and blood pressure measurements were determined before and 60 minutes after feeding. The mean (±SEM) glycemic indices of the complex carbohydrate sources were 29 ± 5 for peas, 47 ± 10 for corn, 51 ± 7 for barley, and 55 ± 6 for rice. Postprandial FMD was lowest in the glucose group and significantly different from both the corn group and the FMD value for all complex carbohydrates combined. Methylglyoxal was significantly elevated at 60 minutes postprandial after glucose compared with the other carbohydrate sources. No significant effects of carbohydrate source were observed for blood pressure, nitrotyrosine, or echocardiographic variables. The novel finding of this study was that methylglyoxal levels increased after a single feeding of simple carbohydrate and may be linked to the observed postprandial decrease in endothelial function. Thus, consuming low-glycemic-index foods may protect the cardiovascular system by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Adolphe
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
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