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Zhang C, Wang K, Wang H. Adenosine in cancer immunotherapy: Taking off on a new plane. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189005. [PMID: 37913941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
As a new pillar of cancer therapy, tumor immunotherapy has brought irreplaceable durable responses in tumors. Considering its low response rate, additional immune regulatory mechanisms will be critical for the development of next-generation immune therapeutics. As a key regulatory mechanism, adenosine (ADO) protects tissues from excessive immune responses, but as a metabolite highly concentrated in tumor microenvironments, extracellular adenosine acts on adenosine receptors (mainly A2A receptors) expressed on MDSCs, Tregs, NK cells, effector T cells, DCs, and macrophages to promote tumor cell escape from immune surveillance by inhibiting the immune response. Amounting preclinical studies have demonstrated the adenosine pathway as a novel checkpoint for immunotherapy. Large number of adenosine pathway targeting clinical trials are now underway, including antibodies against CD39 and CD73 as well as A2A receptor inhibitors. There has been evidence of antitumor efficacy of these inhibitors in early clinical trials among a variety of tumors such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, etc. As more clinical trial results are published, the combination of blockade of this pathway with immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted drugs, traditional chemotherapy medications, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy will provide cancer patients with better clinical outcomes. We would elaborate on the role of CD39-CD73-A2AR pathway in the contribution of tumor microenvironment and the targeting of the adenosinergic pathway for cancer therapy in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Wang J, Dong L, Liu S, Li S, Wu Q. Purinergic signaling: A gatekeeper of blood-brain barrier permeation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1112758. [PMID: 36825149 PMCID: PMC9941648 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review outlined evidence that purinergic signaling is involved in the modulation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. The functional and structural integrity of the BBB is critical for maintaining the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment. BBB integrity is maintained primarily by endothelial cells and basement membrane but also be regulated by pericytes, neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. In this review, we summarized the purinergic receptors and nucleotidases expressed on BBB cells and focused on the regulation of BBB permeability by purinergic signaling. The permeability of BBB is regulated by a series of purinergic receptors classified as P2Y1, P2Y4, P2Y12, P2X4, P2X7, A1, A2A, A2B, and A3, which serve as targets for endogenous ATP, ADP, or adenosine. P2Y1 and P2Y4 antagonists could attenuate BBB damage. In contrast, P2Y12-mediated chemotaxis of microglial cell processes is necessary for rapid closure of the BBB after BBB breakdown. Antagonists of P2X4 and P2X7 inhibit the activation of these receptors, reduce the release of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and promote the function of BBB closure. In addition, the CD39/CD73 nucleotidase axis participates in extracellular adenosine metabolism and promotes BBB permeability through A1 and A2A on BBB cells. Furthermore, A2B and A3 receptor agonists protect BBB integrity. Thus, the regulation of the BBB by purinergic signaling is complex and affects the opening and closing of the BBB through different pathways. Appropriate selective agonists/antagonists of purinergic receptors and corresponding enzyme inhibitors could modulate the permeability of the BBB, effectively delivering therapeutic drugs/cells to the central nervous system (CNS) or limiting the entry of inflammatory immune cells into the brain and re-establishing CNS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junmeng Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Longcong Dong
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sihui Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kiełbowski K, Bakinowska E, Pawlik A. The Potential Role of Connexins in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032600. [PMID: 36768920 PMCID: PMC9916887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cx) are members of a protein family which enable extracellular and intercellular communication through hemichannels and gap junctions (GJ), respectively. Cx take part in transporting important cell-cell messengers such as 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), among others. Therefore, they play a significant role in regulating cell homeostasis, proliferation, and differentiation. Alterations in Cx distribution, degradation, and post-translational modifications have been correlated with cancers, as well as cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Depending on the isoform, Cx have been shown either to promote or suppress the development of atherosclerosis, a progressive inflammatory disease affecting large and medium-sized arteries. Cx might contribute to the progression of the disease by enhancing endothelial dysfunction, monocyte recruitment, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation, or by inhibiting VSMC autophagy. Inhibition or modulation of the expression of specific isoforms could suppress atherosclerotic plaque formation and diminish pro-inflammatory conditions. A better understanding of the complexity of atherosclerosis pathophysiology linked with Cx could result in developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review aims to present the role of Cx in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and discusses whether they can become novel therapeutic targets.
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Choi M, Yang YB, Park S, Rahaman S, Tripathi G, Lee BT. Effect of Co-culture of mesenchymal stem cell and glomerulus endothelial cell to promote endothelialization under optimized perfusion flow rate in whole renal ECM scaffold. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100464. [PMID: 36325425 PMCID: PMC9619032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent era, many researches on implantable bio-artificial organs has been increased owing to large gap between donors and receivers. Comprehensive organ based researches on perfusion culture for cell injury using different flow rate have not been conducted at the cellular level. The present study investigated the co-culture of rat glomerulus endothelial cell (rGEC) and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC) to develop micro vascularization in the kidney scaffolds culturing by bioreactor system. To obtain kidney scaffold, extracted rat kidneys were decellularized by 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 1% triton X-100, and distilled water. Expanded rGECs were injected through decellularized kidney scaffold artery and cultured using bioreactor system. Vascular endothelial cells adhered and proliferated on the renal ECM scaffold in the bioreactor system for 3, 7 and 14 days. Static, 1 ml/min and 2 ml/min flow rates (FR) were tested and among them, 1 ml/min flow rate was selected based on cell viability, glomerulus character, inflammation/endothelialization proteins expression level. However, the flow injury was still existed on primary cell cultured at vessel in kidney scaffold. Therefore, co-culture of rGEC + rBMSC found suitable to possibly solve this problem and resulted increased cell proliferation and micro-vascularization in the glomerulus, reducing inflammation and cell death which induced by flow injury. The optimized perfusion rate under rGEC + rBMSC co-culture conditions resulted in enhanced endocellularization to make ECM derived implantable renal scaffold and might be useful as a way of treatment of the acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Choi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea
| | - Yu-Bin Yang
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Seongsu Park
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea
| | - Sohanur Rahaman
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea
| | - Garima Tripathi
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea,Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University.
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Shahbaz S, Okoye I, Blevins G, Elahi S. Elevated ATP via enhanced miRNA-30b, 30c, and 30e downregulates the expression of CD73 in CD8+ T cells of HIV-infected individuals. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010378. [PMID: 35325005 PMCID: PMC8947394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a crucial role against chronic viral infections, however, their effector functions are influenced by the expression of co-stimulatory/inhibitory receptors. For example, CD73 works with CD39 to convert highly inflammatory ATP to adenosine. However, its expression on T cells in the context of viral infections has not been well defined. Here, we analyzed the expression of CD73 on human T cells in a cohort of 102 HIV-infected individuals including those on antiretroviral therapy (ART), ART-naïve, and long-term non-progressors who were not on ART. We found that the frequency of CD73+ T cells was markedly lower among T cell subsets (e.g. naïve, effector or memory) in the peripheral blood of all HIV-infected individuals. Notably, CD73 was decreased at the cell surface, intracellular and gene levels. Functionally, CD8+CD73+ T cells exhibited decreased cytokine expression (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2) upon global or antigen-specific stimulation and impaired expression of cytolytic molecules at the gene and protein levels. In contrast, CD8+CD73+ T cells expressed elevated levels of homing receptors such as CCR7, α4β7 integrin, which suggests a migratory advantage for these cells as observed in vitro. We also observed significant migration of CD73+CD8+ T cells into the cerebrospinal fluids of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients at the time of disease relapse. Moreover, we found that elevated levels of ATP in the plasma of HIV-infected individuals upregulates the expression of miRNA30b-e in T cells in vitro. In turn, inhibition of miRNAs (30b, 30c and 30e) resulted in significant upregulation of CD73 mRNA in CD8+ T cells. Therefore, we provide a novel mechanism for the downregulation of CD73 via ATP-induced upregulation of miRNA30b, 30c and 30e in HIV infection. Finally, these observations imply that ATP-mediated downregulation of CD73 mainly occurs via its receptor, P2X1/P2RX1. Our results may in part explain why HIV-infected individuals have reduced risk of developing MS considering the role of CD73 for efficient T cell entry into the central nervous system. CD8+ T cells (killer T cells) play an important role against chronic viral infections, however, their functional properties get compromised during the course of HIV infection. CD73, is one of molecules that influences T cell functions, however, its role in the context of viral infections has not been well defined. Here, we analyzed the expression of CD73 on T cells in a cohort of 102 HIV-infected individuals including those on antiretroviral therapy (ART), ART-naïve, and long-term non-progressors who were not on ART. We found that the frequency of T cells expressing this molecule was markedly lower among different T cell subsets obtained from the blood of HIV-infected individuals. Notably, CD73 was decreased at the intracellular protein and gene levels. Furthermore, we found that T cells expressing this molecule (CD73) had impaired functional properties. In contrast, we observed that T cells expressing CD73 had elevated levels of homing receptors, which suggests a migratory advantage for these cells. This was also supported by increased CD73+ T cells in the cerebrospinal fluids of multiple sclerosis patients when they experienced disease replace. Moreover, we found that the elevated level of ATP in the plasma of HIV-infected individuals is responsible for the upregulation of miRNA30b, 30c and 30e, resulting in reduced expression of CD73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shahbaz
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Isobel Okoye
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gregg Blevins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Grunwell JR, Rad MG, Stephenson ST, Mohammad AF, Opolka C, Fitzpatrick AM, Kamaleswaran R. Machine Learning-Based Discovery of a Gene Expression Signature in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Crit Care Explor 2021; 3:e0431. [PMID: 34151274 PMCID: PMC8208445 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify differentially expressed genes and networks from the airway cells within 72 hours of intubation of children with and without pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. To test the use of a neutrophil transcription reporter assay to identify immunogenic responses to airway fluid from children with and without pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Thirty-six bed academic PICU. PATIENTS Fifty-four immunocompetent children, 28 with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, who were between 2 days to 18 years old within 72 hours of intubation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We applied machine learning methods to a Nanostring transcriptomics on primary airway cells and a neutrophil reporter assay to discover gene networks differentiating pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome from no pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. An analysis of moderate or severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome versus no or mild pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome was performed. Pathway network visualization was used to map pathways from 62 genes selected by ElasticNet associated with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway emerged. Support vector machine performed best for the primary airway cells and the neutrophil reporter assay using a leave-one-out cross-validation with an area under the operating curve and 95% CI of 0.75 (0.63-0.87) and 0.80 (0.70-1.0), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We identified gene networks important to the pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome airway immune response using semitargeted transcriptomics from primary airway cells and a neutrophil reporter assay. These pathways will drive mechanistic investigations into pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and to test our models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn R Grunwell
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Egleston Hospital, Atlanta, GA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Milad G Rad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan T Stephenson
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ahmad F Mohammad
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Cydney Opolka
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Egleston Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rishikesan Kamaleswaran
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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Vašíček J, Baláži A, Bauer M, Svoradová A, Tirpáková M, Tomka M, Chrenek P. Molecular Profiling and Gene Banking of Rabbit EPCs Derived from Two Biological Sources. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030366. [PMID: 33806502 PMCID: PMC7998175 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been broadly studied for several years due to their outstanding regenerative potential. Moreover, these cells might be a valuable source of genetic information for the preservation of endangered animal species. However, a controversy regarding their characterization still exists. The aim of this study was to isolate and compare the rabbit peripheral blood- and bone marrow-derived EPCs with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in terms of their phenotype and morphology that could be affected by the passage number or cryopreservation as well as to assess their possible neuro-differentiation potential. Briefly, cells were isolated and cultured under standard endothelial conditions until passage 3. The morphological changes during the culture were monitored and each passage was analyzed for the typical phenotype using flow cytometry, quantitative real–time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and novel digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), and compared to HUVECs. The neurogenic differentiation was induced using a commercial kit. Rabbit cells were also cryopreserved for at least 3 months and then analyzed after thawing. According to the obtained results, both rabbit EPCs exhibit a spindle-shaped morphology and high proliferation rate. The both cell lines possess same stable phenotype: CD14−CD29+CD31−CD34−CD44+CD45−CD49f+CD73+CD90+CD105+CD133−CD146−CD166+VE-cadherin+VEGFR-2+SSEA-4+MSCA-1−vWF+eNOS+AcLDL+ALDH+vimentin+desmin+α-SMA+, slightly different from HUVECs. Moreover, both induced rabbit EPCs exhibit neuron-like morphological changes and expression of neuronal markers ENO2 and MAP2. In addition, cryopreserved rabbit cells maintained high viability (>85%) and endothelial phenotype after thawing. In conclusion, our findings suggest that cells expanded from the rabbit peripheral blood and bone marrow are of the endothelial origin with a stable marker expression and interesting proliferation and differentiation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromír Vašíček
- NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (P.C.); Tel.: +421-37-654-6600 (J.V.); +421-37-641-4274 (P.C.)
| | - Andrej Baláži
- NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Miroslav Bauer
- NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Svoradová
- NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Mária Tirpáková
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- AgroBioTech Research Center, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marián Tomka
- NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Peter Chrenek
- NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (P.C.); Tel.: +421-37-654-6600 (J.V.); +421-37-641-4274 (P.C.)
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Zefferino R, Piccoli C, Di Gioia S, Capitanio N, Conese M. How Cells Communicate with Each Other in the Tumor Microenvironment: Suggestions to Design Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052550. [PMID: 33806300 PMCID: PMC7961918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin- and pannexin (Panx)-formed hemichannels (HCs) and gap junctions (GJs) operate an interaction with the extracellular matrix and GJ intercellular communication (GJIC), and on account of this they are involved in cancer onset and progression towards invasiveness and metastatization. When we deal with cancer, it is not correct to omit the immune system, as well as neglecting its role in resisting or succumbing to formation and progression of incipient neoplasia until the formation of micrometastasis, nevertheless what really occurs in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which are the main players and which are the tumor or body allies, is still unclear. The goal of this article is to discuss how the pivotal players act, which can enhance or contrast cancer progression during two important process: "Activating Invasion and Metastasis" and the "Avoiding Immune Destruction", with a particular emphasis on the interplay among GJIC, Panx-HCs, and the purinergic system in the TME without disregarding the inflammasome and cytokines thereof derived. In particular, the complex and contrasting roles of Panx1/P2X7R signalosome in tumor facilitation and/or inhibition is discussed in regard to the early/late phases of the carcinogenesis. Finally, considering this complex interplay in the TME between cancer cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and focusing on their means of communication, we should be capable of revealing harmful messages that help the cancer growth and transform them in body allies, thus designing novel therapeutic strategies to fight cancer in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zefferino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0881-884673
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.C.)
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, D'Antongiovanni V, Turiello R, Morello S, Haskó G, Blandizzi C. Adenosine Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:145-167. [PMID: 33123998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine, deriving from ATP released by dying cancer cells and then degradated in the tumor environment by CD39/CD73 enzyme axis, is linked to the generation of an immunosuppressed niche favoring the onset of neoplasia. Signals delivered by extracellular adenosine are detected and transduced by G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors, classified into four subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. A critical role of this nucleoside is emerging in the modulation of several immune and nonimmune cells defining the tumor microenvironment, providing novel insights about the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at undermining the immune-privileged sites where cancer cells grow and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Turiello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,PhD Program in Drug discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Eichin D, Pessia A, Takeda A, Laakkonen J, Bellmann L, Kankainen M, Imhof BA, Stoitzner P, Tang J, Salmi M, Jalkanen S. CD73 contributes to anti-inflammatory properties of afferent lymphatic endothelial cells in humans and mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:231-246. [PMID: 32970335 PMCID: PMC7821194 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CD73 is an important ectoenzyme responsible for the production of extracellular adenosine. It is involved in regulating inflammatory responses and cell migration and is overexpressed in various cancers. The functions of CD73 in blood endothelial cells are understood in detail, but its role on afferent lymphatics remains unknown. Moreover, anti-CD73 antibodies are now used in multiple clinical cancer trials, but their effects on different endothelial cell types have not been studied. This study reveals that a previously unknown role of CD73 on afferent lymphatics is to dampen immune responses. Knocking it out or suppressing it by siRNA leads to the upregulation of inflammation-associated genes on lymphatic endothelial cells and a more pro-inflammatory phenotype of interacting dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo. In striking contrast, anti-CD73 antibodies had only negligible effects on the gene expression of lymphatic- and blood-endothelial cells. Our data thus reveal new functions of lymphatic CD73 and indicate a low likelihood of endothelial cell-related adverse effects by CD73 targeting therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Eichin
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Alberto Pessia
- Research Program in Systems OncologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Akira Takeda
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Joni Laakkonen
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Lydia Bellmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Matti Kankainen
- Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Hematology Research Unit HelsinkiUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Immunology ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Beat A. Imhof
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Medical FacultyUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems OncologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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Sutton NR, Bouïs D, Mann KM, Rashid IM, McCubbrey AL, Hyman MC, Goldstein DR, Mei A, Pinsky DJ. CD73 Promotes Age-Dependent Accretion of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:61-71. [PMID: 31619062 PMCID: PMC7956240 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD73 is an ectonucleotidase which catalyzes the conversion of AMP (adenosine monophosphate) to adenosine. Adenosine has been shown to be anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxant. The impact of ectonucleotidases on age-dependent atherosclerosis remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the role of CD73 in age-dependent accumulation of atherosclerosis. Approach and results: Mice doubly deficient in CD73 and ApoE (apolipoprotein E; (cd73-/-/apoE-/-) were generated, and the extent of aortic atherosclerotic plaque was compared with apoE-/- controls at 12, 20, 32, and 52 weeks. By 12 weeks of age, cd73-/-/apoE-/- mice exhibited a significant increase in plaque (1.4±0.5% of the total vessel surface versus 0.4±0.1% in apoE-/- controls, P<0.005). By 20 weeks of age, this difference disappeared (2.9±0.4% versus 3.3±0.7%). A significant reversal in phenotype emerged at 32 weeks (9.8±1.2% versus 18.3±1.4%; P<0.0001) and persisted at the 52 week timepoint (22.4±2.1% versus 37.0±2.1%; P<0.0001). The inflammatory response to aging was found to be comparable between cd73-/-/apoE-/- mice and apoE-/- controls. A reduction in lipolysis in CD73 competent mice was observed, even with similar plasma lipid levels (cd73-/-/apoE-/- versus apoE-/- at 12 weeks [16.2±0.7 versus 9.5±1.4 nmol glycerol/well], 32 weeks [24.1±1.5 versus 7.4±0.4 nmol/well], and 52 weeks [13.8±0.62 versus 12.7±2.0 nmol/well], P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS At early time points, CD73 exerts a subtle antiatherosclerotic influence, but with age, the pattern reverses, and the presence of CD73 promoted suppression of lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia R. Sutton
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Diane Bouïs
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Kris M. Mann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Imran M. Rashid
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Alexandra L. McCubbrey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (A.L.M.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Matt C. Hyman
- the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.C.H., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Annie Mei
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - David J. Pinsky
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.R.S., D.B., K.M.M., A.M., I.M.R., D.R.G., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
- the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.C.H., D.J.P.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
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12
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Vigano S, Alatzoglou D, Irving M, Ménétrier-Caux C, Caux C, Romero P, Coukos G. Targeting Adenosine in Cancer Immunotherapy to Enhance T-Cell Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:925. [PMID: 31244820 PMCID: PMC6562565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in cancer control, but a range of potent immunosuppressive mechanisms can be upregulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to abrogate their activity. While various immunotherapies (IMTs) aiming at re-invigorating the T-cell-mediated anti-tumor response, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and the adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of natural or gene-engineered ex vivo expanded tumor-specific T cells, have led to unprecedented clinical responses, only a small proportion of cancer patients benefit from these treatments. Important research efforts are thus underway to identify biomarkers of response, as well as to develop personalized combinatorial approaches that can target other inhibitory mechanisms at play in the TME. In recent years, adenosinergic signaling has emerged as a powerful immuno-metabolic checkpoint in tumors. Like several other barriers in the TME, such as the PD-1/PDL-1 axis, CTLA-4, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), adenosine plays important physiologic roles, but has been co-opted by tumors to promote their growth and impair immunity. Several agents counteracting the adenosine axis have been developed, and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated important anti-tumor activity, alone and in combination with other IMTs including ICB and ACT. Here we review the regulation of adenosine levels and mechanisms by which it promotes tumor growth and broadly suppresses protective immunity, with extra focus on the attenuation of T cell function. Finally, we present an overview of promising pre-clinical and clinical approaches being explored for blocking the adenosine axis for enhanced control of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Vigano
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Alatzoglou
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Ménétrier-Caux
- Department of Immunology Virology and Inflammation, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Department of Immunology Virology and Inflammation, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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de Lourdes Mora-García M, López-Cisneros S, Gutiérrez-Serrano V, García-Rocha R, Weiss-Steider B, Hernández-Montes J, Sánchez-Peña HI, Ávila-Ibarra LR, Don-López CA, Muñóz-Godínez R, Pineda DBT, Chacón-Salinas R, Vallejo-Castillo L, Pérez-Tapia SM, Monroy-García A. HPV-16 Infection Is Associated with a High Content of CD39 and CD73 Ectonucleotidases in Cervical Samples from Patients with CIN-1. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4651627. [PMID: 31205451 PMCID: PMC6530152 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4651627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cervical cancer (CeCa) is associated with high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) infections, mainly HPV-16, which is present in more than 50% of cases. The presence of immunosuppressive factors in the early stages of the disease is also strongly linked to CeCa progression. In this context, it is unknown whether ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which are involved in the production of adenosine (Ado) that suppresses the specific antitumor immune response, are present in precursor lesions of CeCa. In this pilot study, we analyzed the presence of CD39 and CD73 and their capacity to generate Ado in 25 cervical samples from patients with grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN-1) and 25 samples from normal donors (NDs) free of HPV infection. Cells obtained from cervical samples of CIN-1 patients positive for HPV-16 showed higher CD39 and CD73 contents compared to samples obtained from CIN-1 patients negative for HPV-16 and NDs. Interestingly, solubilized cervical mucus from these patients also showed higher contents of soluble CD39 and CD73, which were associated with a greater capacity to produce Ado from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). In addition, serum samples of these patients showed higher levels of TGF-β than those of CIN-1 patients negative for HPV-16 and ND. These results suggest that persistent infection with HR-HPV, mostly HPV-16, in CIN-1 patients may promote the expression of CD39 and CD73 through the production of TGF-β in precursor lesions to generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment and allow its progression to CeCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofía López-Cisneros
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vianey Gutiérrez-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosario García-Rocha
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Hernández-Montes
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Roberto Ávila-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo Muñóz-Godínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniela Berenice Torres Pineda
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Vallejo-Castillo
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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14
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Jones TPW, Buckland M, Breuer J, Lowe DM. Viral infection in primary antibody deficiency syndromes. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2049. [PMID: 31016825 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with primary antibody deficiency syndromes such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) are at increased risk of severe and invasive infection. Viral infection in these populations has been of increasing interest as evidence mounts that viruses contribute significant morbidity and mortality: this is mediated both directly and via aberrant immune responses. We explain the importance of the humoral immune system in defence against viral pathogens before highlighting several significant viral syndromes in patients with antibody deficiency. We explore historical cases of hepatitis C via contaminated immunoglobulin products, the predisposition to invasive enteroviral infections, prolonged excretion of vaccine-derived poliovirus, the morbidity of chronic norovirus infection, and recent literature revealing the importance of respiratory viral infections. We discuss evidence that herpesviruses may play a role in driving the inflammatory disease seen in a subset of patients. We explore the phenomenon of within-host evolution during chronic viral infection and the potential emergence of new pathogenic strains. We highlight novel and emerging viruses identified via deep sequencing techniques. We describe the treatment strategies that have been attempted in all these scenarios and the urgent outstanding questions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P W Jones
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Matthew Buckland
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Campus, University College, London, UK
| | - Judith Breuer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Lowe
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Campus, University College, London, UK
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15
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Ávila-Ibarra LR, Mora-García MDL, García-Rocha R, Hernández-Montes J, Weiss-Steider B, Montesinos JJ, Lizano Soberon M, García-López P, López CAD, Torres-Pineda DB, Chacón-Salinas R, Vallejo-Castillo L, Pérez-Tapia SM, Monroy-García A. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Normal Cervix and Cervical Cancer Tumors Increase CD73 Expression in Cervical Cancer Cells Through TGF-β1 Production. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:477-488. [PMID: 30696359 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) participate together with tumor cells to suppress antitumor effector cells through the production of immunosuppressive factors, such as transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). Furthermore, TGF-β1 can induce 5'-nucleotidase (CD73) expression in various cell types; this functional activity is associated with the production of adenosine (Ado), which is an immunosuppressive nucleoside. In this study, we provide evidence that coculture of MSCs derived from cervical tumors (CeCa-MSC) with CeCa tumor cells increases CD73 expression in tumor cells and the capacity of these cells to generate Ado in a MSC ratio-dependent manner. Interestingly, the increase in CD73 in the CeCa cell membrane corresponded to an increase in the TGF-β1 expression level in the tumor cells and the TGF-β1 content in the supernatants of the CeCa/CeCa-MSC cocultures. The addition of anti-hTGF-β neutralizing antibodies strongly reversed CD73 expression in the tumor cells. This phenomenon was not exclusive to CeCa-MSCs; coculture of MSCs derived from the normal cervix with CeCa cells produced similar results. These results suggest that the interaction of MSCs with CeCa tumor cells in the TME may condition higher TGF-β1 production to maintain an immunosuppressive status not only through the activity of this cytokine per se but also through its ability to induce CD73 expression in tumor cells and generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment rich in Ado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Roberto Ávila-Ibarra
- 1 Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.,2 Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México.,3 Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Rosario García-Rocha
- 2 Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Hernández-Montes
- 2 Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- 2 Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- 4 Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marcela Lizano Soberon
- 5 Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia García-López
- 6 Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Daniela Berenice Torres-Pineda
- 1 Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.,3 Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- 7 Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,8 Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Vallejo-Castillo
- 7 Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,9 Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- 7 Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,8 Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- 1 Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.,2 Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
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16
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Cervical cancer cells produce TGF-β1 through the CD73-adenosine pathway and maintain CD73 expression through the autocrine activity of TGF-β1. Cytokine 2018; 118:71-79. [PMID: 30301599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In cancer, the adenosinergic pathway participates in the generation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and in the promotion of tumor growth through the generation of adenosine (Ado). The present study analyzed the participation of Ado, generated through the functional activity of the cervical cancer (CeCa) pathway in CeCa cells, to induce the expression and secretion of TGF-β1, as well as the participation of this factor to maintain CD73 expression. Ado concentrations greater than 10 μM were necessary to induce an increase of over 50% in the production and expression of TGF-β1 in CeCa tumor cells. Blockade of A2AR and A2BR with the specific antagonists, ZM241385 and MRS1754, respectively, strongly reversed the production of TGF-β1. TGF-β1 produced by CeCa cells was necessary to maintain CD73 expression because the addition of anti-TGF-β neutralizing antibodies or the inhibition of TGF-βRI strongly reversed the expression of CD73 in the CeCa cells. These results suggested a feedback loop in CeCa cells that favors immunosuppressive activity through the production of TGF-β1 and Ado as well as the autocrine activity of TGF-β1 and expression of CD73.
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17
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Development of aortic endothelial cells to express CD37 and CD73 isolated from alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase knock-out and MCP expressing pig. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2018.33.3.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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18
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Jalkanen J, Hollmén M, Jalkanen S, Hakovirta H. Regulation of CD73 in the development of lower limb atherosclerosis. Purinergic Signal 2016; 13:127-134. [PMID: 27832456 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process of the arterial wall. CD73 (also known as ecto-5'-nucleotidase) is a key regulator of cell signaling in response to inflammation and hypoxia, and may be important in the development of atherosclerosis. Recently, we have shown that high CD73 activity can be detected in the serum of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Using this same PAD patient cohort of 226 subjects with 38 femoral artery samples obtained during surgical endarcterectomy and control artery samples taken during autopsy, we explored the association of serum CD73 activity with overall atherosclerotic burden and the expression of CD73 in mature and developing plaques. Interestingly, we found that CD73 activity had a tendency to increase along with more severe presentation of PAD (from 249 nmol/mL/h in moderate disease to 332 nmol/mL/h in severe disease; P = 0.013) and that CD73 expression is elevated in the vasa vasorum of developing plaques, but completely lost in mature occlusive plaques removed during endarcterectomy (P < 0.001). The current findings implicate that as a result of shedding and loss of CD73 from the arterial wall, CD73 activity is elevated in the serum of patients with widespread atherosclerosis. These findings highlight the importance of a better understanding of the local role of CD73 in the development and maturation of arterial atherosclerotic plaques in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Jalkanen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Hämeenkatu 11, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Tykistönkatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Tykistönkatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Hakovirta
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Hämeenkatu 11, 20521, Turku, Finland
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19
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de Lourdes Mora-García M, García-Rocha R, Morales-Ramírez O, Montesinos JJ, Weiss-Steider B, Hernández-Montes J, Ávila-Ibarra LR, Don-López CA, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Gutiérrez-Serrano V, Monroy-García A. Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from cervical cancer produce high amounts of adenosine to suppress cytotoxic T lymphocyte functions. J Transl Med 2016; 14:302. [PMID: 27782859 PMCID: PMC5080842 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, immunomodulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) from bone marrow and other "classic" sources have been described. However, the phenotypic and functional properties of tumor MSCs are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunosuppressive capacity of cervical cancer-derived MSCs (CeCa-MSCs) on effector T lymphocytes through the purinergic pathway. METHODS We determined the expression and functional activity of the membrane-associated ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 on CeCa-MSCs and normal cervical tissue-derived MSCs (NCx-MSCs). We also analyzed their immunosuppressive capacity to decrease proliferation, activation and effector cytotoxic T (CD8+) lymphocyte function through the generation of adenosine (Ado). RESULTS We detected that CeCa-MSCs express higher levels of CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases in cell membranes compared to NCx-MSCs, and that this feature was associated with the ability to strongly suppress the proliferation, activation and effector functions of cytotoxic T-cells through the generation of large amounts of Ado from the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and AMP nucleotides. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that CeCa-MSCs play an important role in the suppression of the anti-tumor immune response in CeCa through the purinergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosario García-Rocha
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cellular Differentiation and Cancer Unit, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.,Immunology and Cancer Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Morales-Ramírez
- Immunology and Cancer Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cellular Differentiation and Cancer Unit, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Hernández-Montes
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cellular Differentiation and Cancer Unit, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Roberto Ávila-Ibarra
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cellular Differentiation and Cancer Unit, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.,Immunology and Cancer Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Vianey Gutiérrez-Serrano
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cellular Differentiation and Cancer Unit, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.,Immunology and Cancer Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cellular Differentiation and Cancer Unit, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Immunology and Cancer Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico. .,, Oriente 170 No. 160 Colonia Moctezuma 2a Sección Delegación Venustiano Carranza, 15530, Mexico City, Mexico.
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20
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Bao R, Shui X, Hou J, Li J, Deng X, Zhu X, Yang T. Adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680, upregulate CD39 and CD73 expression through E2F-1 and CREB in regulatory T cells isolated from septic mice. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:969-75. [PMID: 27430240 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and the expression of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1; also known as CD39) and 5'-ectonucleotidase (NT5E; also known as CD73) on the Treg cell surface are increased during sepsis. In this study, to determine the factors leading to the high expression of CD39 and CD73, and the regulation of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway in Treg cells under septic conditions, we constructed a mouse model of sepsis and separated the Treg cells using a flow cytometer. The Treg cells isolated from the peritoneal lavage and splenocytes of the mice were treated with adenosine or the specific adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680, and were transfected with specific siRNA targeting E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F-1) or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), which are predicted transcription regulatory factors of CD39 or CD73. The regulatory relationships among these factors were then determined by western blot analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay. In addition, changes in adenosine metabolism were measured in the treated cells. The results revealed that adenosine and CGS21680 significantly upregulated CD39 and CD73 expression (P<0.01). E2F-1 and CREB induced CD39 and CD73 expression, and were upregulated by adenosine and CGS21680. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and adenosine generation were inhibited by the knockdown of E2F-1 or CREB, and were accelerated in the presence of CGS21680. Based on these results, it can be inferred that adenosine, the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, E2F-1 and CREB are the possible factors contributing to the high expression of CD39 and CD73 on the Treg cell surface during sepsis. Adenosine and its A2A receptor agonist served as the signal transducer factors of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway, accelerating adenosine generation. Our study may benefit further research on adenosine metabolism for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xianqi Shui
- Institution of Surgical Teaching and Research, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jiong Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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21
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Kisseleva EP, Krylov AV, Lyamina IV, Kudryavtsev IV, Lioudyno VI. Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Thymus of Mice under Normal Conditions and with Tumor Growth. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 81:491-501. [PMID: 27297899 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916050060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In our study, we for the first time investigated a role for VEGF as a factor regulating transendothelial migration of murine thymocytes in vitro. Effects of VEGF were examined in a model of thymocyte migration across a monolayer of EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. We showed that VEGF enhanced transendothelial migration of murine thymocytes and their adhesion to endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. VEGF did not influence thymocytes, but rather acted on endothelial cells by upregulating surface expression of adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and downregulating activity of 5'-nucleotidase. Effects from VEGF were comparable with those from TNF-α. Because it is known that administration of VEGF to intact animals results in thymic atrophy, it was assumed that it might play a role in developing thymic involution during tumor growth. Enhanced egress of thymocytes to the periphery was considered as a plausible mechanism underlying effects of VEGF. However, we revealed no difference in parameters of in vitro transendothelial migration for thymocytes from animals bearing a transplantable hepatoma 22a compared to control animals. VEGF mRNA expression in lysates of thymic stroma was found to be upregulated in mice with grafted tumors, whereas at the protein level the amount of VEGF did not differ. While examining expression of VEGF receptors on thymocytes by flow cytometry, both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 were not detected, whereas the percentage of Nrp-1-positive thymocytes in animals with hepatoma 22a was as high as in the control group. Thus, we were unable to confirm a hypothesis regarding participation of VEGF in developing thymic involution during progression of experimental hepatoma. However, a set of novel data concerning a role for VEGF in stimulating transendothelial migration of thymocytes in vitro was obtained, and it may be of significance for understanding mechanisms underlying thymus functioning as well as a role of this cytokine in preparing endothelial cells for egress of thymocytes to the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Kisseleva
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.
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22
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Wang B, Wang D, Zhu Z, Wang W, Zhang X, Tang F, Zhou Y, Wang H, Liu M, Yao X, Yan X. The role of extracellular-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 in glioma peritumoural brain edema. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:603-11. [PMID: 26884147 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During pathological conditions, extracellular-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 can protect neurons by reducing the permeability of the blood brain barrier. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that CD73 can negatively contribute to the growth of gliomas; however, the function of CD73 in glioma blood vessels is not clear. We analysed the expression of CD73 in 72 glioma patients using immunohistochemistry and correspondingly compared the results with the Edema index (EI). We established an in vitro model of the blood-tumour barrier and analysed the expression of CD73 in vascular endothelial cells. Lastly, CD73 expression was inhibited in endothelial cells, and the effects of this inhibition on tight junction structure and transendothelial resistance were observed. Compared to normal brains, the expression of CD73 in blood vessels of glioma patients was significantly decreased, and the amount was lower in the centre of the tumour than the periphery. The proportion of CD73-positive blood vessels had a positive correlation with the EI. The expression of CD73 in the in vitro endothelial cell blood-tumour barrier model was decreased. Lastly, inhibiting CD73 was found to decrease the expression of tight junction related proteins in endothelial cells and to decrease the value of transendothelial electric resistance. The expression of CD73 in glioma blood vessels was significantly decreased, which may play a multi-functional role in decreasing the expression of tight junction related proteins of brain microvascular endothelial cells and may also increase blood-tumour barrier permeability and accelerate the formation of PTBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurodegenerative Disease, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - ZhiZhong Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurodegenerative Disease, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China
| | - XueBin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Tang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurodegenerative Disease, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China
| | - HongGuang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurodegenerative Disease, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China
| | - MengYuan Liu
- Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurodegenerative Disease, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China
| | - XiaoLing Yan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin HuanHu Hospital, 122 QiXiangTai Road, Tianjin, China.
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23
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Sundström P, Stenstad H, Langenes V, Ahlmanner F, Theander L, Ndah TG, Fredin K, Börjesson L, Gustavsson B, Bastid J, Quiding-Järbrink M. Regulatory T Cells from Colon Cancer Patients Inhibit Effector T-cell Migration through an Adenosine-Dependent Mechanism. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:183-93. [PMID: 26787824 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
T cell-mediated immunity is a major component of antitumor immunity. In order to be efficient, effector T cells must leave the circulation and enter into the tumor tissue. Regulatory T cells (Treg) from gastric cancer patients, but not from healthy volunteers, potently inhibit migration of conventional T cells through activated endothelium. In this study, we compared T cells from colon cancer patients and healthy donors to determine the mechanisms used by Tregs from cancer patients to inhibit conventional T-cell migration. Our results showed that circulating Tregs from cancer patients expressed high levels of CD39, an ectoenzyme mediating hydrolysis of ATP to AMP, as a rate-determining first step in the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine. Tumor-associated Tregs expressed even more CD39, and we therefore examined the importance of adenosine in Treg-mediated inhibition of T-cell transendothelial migration in vitro. Exogenous adenosine significantly reduced migration of conventional T cells from healthy volunteers, and blocking either adenosine receptors or CD39 enzymatic activity during transmigration restored the ability of conventional T cells from cancer patients to migrate. Adenosine did not directly affect T cells or endothelial cells, but reduced the ability of monocytes to activate the endothelium. Taken together, our results indicate that Treg-derived adenosine acts on monocytes and contributes to reduced transendothelial migration of effector T cells into tumors. This effect of Tregs is specific for cancer patients, and our results indicate that Tregs may affect not only T-cell effector functions but also their migration into tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Sundström
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, and MIVAC (The Centre for Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccines), University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Stenstad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, and MIVAC (The Centre for Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccines), University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Veronica Langenes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, and MIVAC (The Centre for Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccines), University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Filip Ahlmanner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, and MIVAC (The Centre for Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccines), University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Theander
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, and MIVAC (The Centre for Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccines), University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tapuka Gordon Ndah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, and MIVAC (The Centre for Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccines), University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kamilla Fredin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, and MIVAC (The Centre for Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccines), University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Börjesson
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Gustavsson
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Marianne Quiding-Järbrink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, and MIVAC (The Centre for Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccines), University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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24
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Cinti A, De Giorgi M, Chisci E, Arena C, Galimberti G, Farina L, Bugarin C, Rivolta I, Gaipa G, Smolenski RT, Cerrito MG, Lavitrano M, Giovannoni R. Simultaneous Overexpression of Functional Human HO-1, E5NT and ENTPD1 Protects Murine Fibroblasts against TNF-α-Induced Injury In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141933. [PMID: 26513260 PMCID: PMC4626094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several biomedical applications, such as xenotransplantation, require multiple genes simultaneously expressed in eukaryotic cells. Advances in genetic engineering technologies have led to the development of efficient polycistronic vectors based on the use of the 2A self-processing oligopeptide. The aim of this work was to evaluate the protective effects of the simultaneous expression of a novel combination of anti-inflammatory human genes, ENTPD1, E5NT and HO-1, in eukaryotic cells. We produced an F2A system-based multicistronic construct to express three human proteins in NIH3T3 cells exposed to an inflammatory stimulus represented by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine which plays an important role during inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis and in the inflammatory response during ischemia/reperfusion injury in several organ transplantation settings. The protective effects against TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity and cell death, mediated by HO-1, ENTPD1 and E5NT genes were better observed in cells expressing the combination of genes as compared to cells expressing each single gene and the effect was further improved by administrating enzymatic substrates of the human genes to the cells. Moreover, a gene expression analyses demonstrated that the expression of the three genes has a role in modulating key regulators of TNF-α signalling pathway, namely Nemo and Tnfaip3, that promoted pro-survival phenotype in TNF-α injured cells. These results could provide new insights in the research of protective mechanisms in transplantation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cinti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco De Giorgi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elisa Chisci
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Claudia Arena
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gloria Galimberti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Farina
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bugarin
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rivolta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ryszard Tom Smolenski
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maria Grazia Cerrito
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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25
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Jalkanen J, Yegutkin GG, Hollmén M, Aalto K, Kiviniemi T, Salomaa V, Jalkanen S, Hakovirta H. Aberrant circulating levels of purinergic signaling markers are associated with several key aspects of peripheral atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Circ Res 2015; 116:1206-15. [PMID: 25645301 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Purinergic signaling plays an important role in inflammation and vascular integrity, but little is known about purinergic mechanisms during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in humans. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to study markers of purinergic signaling in a cohort of patients with peripheral artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma ATP and ADP levels and serum nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 activities were measured in 226 patients with stable peripheral artery disease admitted for nonurgent invasive imaging and treatment. The major findings were that ATP, ADP, and CD73 values were higher in atherosclerotic patients than in controls without clinically evident peripheral artery disease (P<0.0001). Low CD39 activity was associated with disease progression (P=0.01). In multivariable linear regression models, high CD73 activity was associated with chronic hypoxia (P=0.001). Statin use was associated with lower ADP (P=0.041) and tended to associate with higher CD73 (P=0.054), while lower ATP was associated with the use of angiotensin receptor blockers (P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS Purinergic signaling plays an important role in peripheral artery disease progression. Elevated levels of circulating ATP and ADP are especially associated with atherosclerotic diseases of younger age and smoking. The antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects of statins may partly be explained by their ability to lower ADP. We suggest that the prothrombotic nature of smoking could be a cause of elevated ADP, and this may explain why cardiovascular patients who smoke benefit from platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonists more than their nonsmoking peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Jalkanen
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery (J.J., H.H.) and Heart Center (T.K.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y., M.H., K.A., S.J.); and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S.)
| | - Gennady G Yegutkin
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery (J.J., H.H.) and Heart Center (T.K.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y., M.H., K.A., S.J.); and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S.)
| | - Maija Hollmén
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery (J.J., H.H.) and Heart Center (T.K.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y., M.H., K.A., S.J.); and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S.)
| | - Kristiina Aalto
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery (J.J., H.H.) and Heart Center (T.K.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y., M.H., K.A., S.J.); and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S.)
| | - Tuomas Kiviniemi
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery (J.J., H.H.) and Heart Center (T.K.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y., M.H., K.A., S.J.); and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S.)
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery (J.J., H.H.) and Heart Center (T.K.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y., M.H., K.A., S.J.); and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S.)
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery (J.J., H.H.) and Heart Center (T.K.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y., M.H., K.A., S.J.); and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S.).
| | - Harri Hakovirta
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery (J.J., H.H.) and Heart Center (T.K.), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y., M.H., K.A., S.J.); and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (V.S.)
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26
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Ectoenzymes in leukocyte migration and their therapeutic potential. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:163-76. [PMID: 24638888 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation causes or accompanies a huge variety of diseases. Migration of leukocytes from the blood into the tissues, in the tissues, and from the tissues to lymphatic vasculature is crucial in the formation and resolution of inflammatory infiltrates. In addition to classical adhesion and activation molecules, several other molecules are known to contribute to the leukocyte traffic. Several of them belong to ectoenzymes, which are cell surface molecules having catalytically active sites outside the cell. We will review here how several ectoenzymes present on leukocytes or endothelial cell surface function as adhesins and/or modulate the extravasation cascade through their enzymatic activities. Moreover, their therapeutic potential as immune modulators in different experimental inflammation models and in clinical trials will be discussed.
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27
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Abstract
At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and many investigators, even in related disciplines, find many of these genes and the related pathways entirely foreign. Medical schools generally do not attempt to incorporate the relevant molecular biology into their curriculum. A number of key signaling pathways are highly relevant to atherogenesis and are presented to provide a context for the gene manipulations summarized herein. The pathways include the following: the insulin receptor (and other receptor tyrosine kinases); Ras and MAPK activation; TNF-α and related family members leading to activation of NF-κB; effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on signaling; endothelial adaptations to flow including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and integrin-related signaling; activation of endothelial and other cells by modified lipoproteins; purinergic signaling; control of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, migration, and further activation; foam cell formation; and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell signaling related to proliferation, efferocytosis, and apoptosis. This review is intended primarily as an introduction to these key signaling pathways. They have become the focus of modern atherosclerosis research and will undoubtedly provide a rich resource for future innovation toward intervention and prevention of the number one cause of death in the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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28
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Cardiovascular adenosine receptors: Expression, actions and interactions. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:92-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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Ectonucleotidases in solid organ and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:208204. [PMID: 23125523 PMCID: PMC3482062 DOI: 10.1155/2012/208204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides are ubiquitous signalling molecules which modulate distinct physiological and pathological processes. Nucleotide concentrations in the extracellular space are strictly regulated by cell surface enzymes, called ectonucleotidases, which hydrolyze nucleotides to the respective nucleosides. Recent studies suggest that ectonucleotidases play a significant role in inflammation by adjusting the balance between ATP, a widely distributed proinflammatory danger signal, and the anti-inflammatory mediator adenosine. There is increasing evidence for a central role of adenosine in alloantigen-mediated diseases such as solid organ graft rejection and acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation are established treatment modalities for a broad spectrum of benign and malignant diseases. Immunological complications based on the recognition of nonself-antigens between donor and recipient like transplant rejection and GvHD are still major challenges which limit the long-term success of transplantation. Studies in the past two decades indicate that purinergic signalling influences the severity of alloimmune responses. This paper focuses on the impact of ectonucleotidases, in particular, NTPDase1/CD39 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73, on allograft rejection, acute GvHD, and graft-versus-leukemia effect, and on possible clinical implications for the modulation of purinergic signalling after transplantation.
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30
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Böring YC, Flögel U, Jacoby C, Heil M, Schaper W, Schrader J. Lack of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) promotes arteriogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:88-96. [PMID: 22977005 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Adenosine can stimulate angiogenesis, but its role in the distinct process of arteriogenesis is unknown. We have previously reported that mice lacking ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73-/-) show enhanced monocyte adhesion to the endothelium after ischaemia, which is considered to be an important trigger for arteriogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Hindlimb ischaemia was induced in wild-type (WT) and CD73-/- mice to study the role of extracellularly formed adenosine in arteriogenesis. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed for serial visualization of newly developed vessels at a spatial resolution of 1 nL, and high-energy phosphates (HEP) were quantified by (31)P MR spectroscopy (MRS). MRA of CD73-/- mice revealed substantially enhanced collateral artery conductance at day 7 [CD73-/-: 0.73 ± 0.11 a.u. (arbitrary units); WT: 0.44 ± 0.13 a.u.; P < 0.01, n = 6], and MRS of the affected hindlimb showed a faster restoration of HEP in correlation with enhanced functional recovery in the mutant. Additionally, histology showed no differences in capillary density between the groups but showed an increased monocyte infiltration in hindlimbs of CD73-/- mice. CONCLUSION Serial assessment of dynamic changes of vessel growth and metabolism in the process of arteriogenesis demonstrate that the lack of CD73-derived adenosine importantly promotes arteriogenesis but does not alter angiogenesis in our model of hindlimb ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chul Böring
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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Abstract
Extracellular ATP and adenosine have immunoregulatory roles during inflammation. Elevated extracellular ATP is known to exacerbate GVHD, and the pharmacologic activation of the adenosine A2A receptor is protective. However, the role of endogenous adenosine is unknown. We used gene-targeted mice and a pharmacologic inhibitor to test the role of adenosine generated by CD73/ecto-5'-nucleotidase in GVHD. In allogeneic transplants, both donor and recipient CD73 were protective, with recipient CD73 playing the dominant role. CD73 deficiency led to enhanced T-cell expansion and IFN-γ and IL-6 production, and the migratory capacity of Cd73-/- T cells in vitro was increased. However, the number of regulatory T cells and expression of costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells were unchanged. A2A receptor deficiency led to increased numbers of allogeneic T cells, suggesting that signaling through the A2A receptor via CD73-generated adenosine is a significant part of the mechanism by which CD73 limits the severity of GVHD. Pharmacologic blockade of CD73 also enhanced graft-versus-tumor activity. These data have clinical implications, as both the severity of GVHD and the strength of an alloimmune antitumor response could be manipulated by enhancing or blocking CD73 activity or adenosine receptor signaling depending on the clinical indication.
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Kukulski F, Lévesque SA, Sévigny J. Impact of ectoenzymes on p2 and p1 receptor signaling. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 61:263-99. [PMID: 21586362 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385526-8.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
P2 receptors that are activated by extracellular nucleotides (e.g., ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP, Ap(n)A) and P1 receptors activated by adenosine control a diversity of biological processes. The activation of these receptors is tightly regulated by ectoenzymes that metabolize their ligands. This review presents these enzymes as well as their roles in the regulation of P2 and P1 receptor activation. We focus specifically on the role of ectoenzymes in processes of our interest, that is, inflammation, vascular tone, and neurotransmission. An update on the development of ectonucleotidase inhibitors is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kukulski
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
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Marashi SM, Raeiszadeh M, Workman S, Rahbar A, Soderberg-Naucler C, Klenerman P, Chee R, Webster AD, Milne RSB, Emery VC. Inflammation in common variable immunodeficiency is associated with a distinct CD8(+) response to cytomegalovirus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1385-93.e4. [PMID: 21536322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency. A subset of patients has debilitating inflammatory complications. OBJECTIVES We investigated the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV), and the T-cell response targeted at this virus, in this inflammatory disease. METHODS Phenotypic and functional assays were used to profile CMV-specific T cells in patients with common variable immunodeficiency with and without inflammatory complications. Highly sensitive immunohistochemistry was used to detect CMV antigens at sites of inflammation. RESULTS Cytomegalovirus was significantly associated with inflammatory disease, which occurred in 31 of 43 (72%) virus-exposed patients and 8 of 31 (26%) naive patients (P = .0001). CMV pp65-NLVPMVATV epitope-specific CD8(+) T-cell frequencies were significantly elevated in inflammatory patients, but these cells did not show evidence of exhaustion, with low levels of programmed death-1 and high T-cell receptor avidity. Rather, they showed features consistent with high in vivo functionality and proliferative activity including reduced levels of the anti-inflammatory marker CD73 (1.67% of NLV(+) cells were CD73(+) vs 42.01% in noninflammatory patients; P = .004) and increased Ki-67 expression (37% vs 2% in noninflammatory patients; P < .0001). In vitro, the CMV-specific T cells showed high antigen-specific proliferative potential compared with cells from noninflammatory patients. By using sensitive immunohistochemistry, we detected for the first time viral antigen at the sites of inflammation, indicative of active viral replication. CONCLUSION Our data strongly support a direct role for CMV and a hyperreactive CMV-specific immune response in the debilitating chronic inflammatory complications of common variable immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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Mirabella T, Teodelinda M, Cilli M, Michele C, Carlone S, Sebastiano C, Cancedda R, Ranieri C, Gentili C, Chiara G. Amniotic liquid derived stem cells as reservoir of secreted angiogenic factors capable of stimulating neo-arteriogenesis in an ischemic model. Biomaterials 2011; 32:3689-99. [PMID: 21371750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Most urgent health problems are related to a blood vessel formation failure. The use of stem cells from different sources or species for both in vitro and in vivo engineering of endothelium does not necessarily imply their direct commitment towards a vascular phenotype. In the present study, we used human amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) to evoke a strong angiogenic response in murine recipients, in terms of host guided-regeneration of new vessels, and we demonstrated that the AFSC secretome is responsible for the vascularising properties of these cells. We indentified in AFSC conditioned media (ACM) pro-angiogenic soluble factors, such as MCP-1, IL-8, SDF-1, VEGF. Our in vitro results suggest that ACM are cytoprotective, pro-differentiative and chemoattractive for endothelial cells. We also tested ACM on a pre-clinical model of hind-limb ischemic mouse, concluding that ACM contain mediators that promote the neo-arteriogenesis, as remodelling of pre-existing collateral arteries to conductance vessels, thus preventing the capillary loss and the tissue necrosis of distal muscles. In line with the current regenerative medicine trend, in the present study we assert the concept that stem cell-secreted mediators can guide the tissue repair by stimulating or recruiting host reparative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodelinda Mirabella
- Department of Oncology, Biology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Headrick JP, Peart JN, Reichelt ME, Haseler LJ. Adenosine and its receptors in the heart: regulation, retaliation and adaptation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1808:1413-28. [PMID: 21094127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purine nucleoside adenosine is an important regulator within the cardiovascular system, and throughout the body. Released in response to perturbations in energy state, among other stimuli, local adenosine interacts with 4 adenosine receptor sub-types on constituent cardiac and vascular cells: A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3)ARs. These G-protein coupled receptors mediate varied responses, from modulation of coronary flow, heart rate and contraction, to cardioprotection, inflammatory regulation, and control of cell growth and tissue remodeling. Research also unveils an increasingly complex interplay between members of the adenosine receptor family, and with other receptor groups. Given generally favorable effects of adenosine receptor activity (e.g. improving the balance between myocardial energy utilization and supply, limiting injury and adverse remodeling, suppressing inflammation), the adenosine receptor system is an attractive target for therapeutic manipulation. Cardiovascular adenosine receptor-based therapies are already in place, and trials of new treatments underway. Although the complex interplay between adenosine receptors and other receptors, and their wide distribution and functions, pose challenges to implementation of site/target specific cardiovascular therapy, the potential of adenosinergic pharmacotherapy can be more fully realized with greater understanding of the roles of adenosine receptors under physiological and pathological conditions. This review addresses some of the major known and proposed actions of adenosine and adenosine receptors in the heart and vessels, focusing on the ability of the adenosine receptor system to regulate cell function, retaliate against injurious stressors, and mediate longer-term adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Headrick
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport QLD, Australia.
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