1
|
Sharma P, Roy A, Dhamija RK, Bhushan S, Baswal K, Kulandaisamy R, Yadav S, Kumar S, Inampudi KK. A comprehensive proteomic profiling of urinary exosomes and the identification of early non-invasive biomarker in patients with coronary artery disease. J Proteomics 2024; 293:105059. [PMID: 38151158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Urinary small extracellular vesicles or exosomes (uEVs) source could be an emerging trove of biomarkers in coronary artery disease (CAD). It is a chronic inflammatory disease having a long asymptomatic phase of fatty-fibrous development in arteries leading to angina, myocardial infarction, and death. Our study was aimed at identifying differential protein expression profiling of uEVs in CAD. We collected urine samples of CAD patients (n = 41) age 18-65 years and gender matched healthy controls (n = 41). We isolated uEVs using differential ultracentrifugation. Further, uEV samples were characterized by western blotting exosome markers (Flotillin, TSG, CD63, and CD9), nano tracking analysis, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A total of 508 proteins were identified by iTRAQ-based mass spectrometry. We observed protein expression levels of AZGP1, SEMG1/2, ORM1, IGL, SERPINA5, HSPG2, prosaposin, gelsolin, and CD59 were upregulated, and UMOD, KNG1, AMBP, prothrombin, and TF were downregulated. Protein-protein interactions, gene ontology and pathway analysis were performed to functionally annotate identified uEVs proteins. A novel uEVs differential protein signature is shown. On validating UMOD protein by ELISA in two clinically different CAD, stable-CAD patients had lower levels than healthy controls whereas recent myocardial infarction patients had lowest. Our findings suggest UMOD importance as early diagnostic biomarker. SIGNIFICANCE: Coronary artery disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by gradual deposition of cholesterol and fat along with other proteins to develop plaque inside arteries. This further leads to blockage of artery, heart attack and death. There are no identifiable early biomarkers to diagnose this. For the first time, we have identified the differentially expressed proteins isolated from non-invasive uEV of CAD patients compared to healthy controls by using MS Orbitrap and iTRAQ labelling of peptides. We have identified decreased levels of UMOD protein in CAD. These findings have been confirmed by ELISA. Furthermore, the levels of UMOD were observed as more highly decreased in recent myocardial infarction CAD patients, indicating the importance of this protein as an early diagnostic biomarker. Conclusively, our study represents a non-invasive urinary EVs trove of differentially expressed proteins in CAD. This will form a groundwork for understanding the pathophysiology of CAD and will help in future translational research utilizing uEVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Human Behaviour Department, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India; Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajinder K Dhamija
- Human Behaviour Department, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Bhushan
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Baswal
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Satyavir Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Department of Health Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rai P, Hoba SN, Buchmann C, Subirana-Slotos RJ, Kersten C, Schirmeister T, Endres K, Bufe B, Tarasov A. Protease detection in the biosensor era: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 244:115788. [PMID: 37952320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteases have been proposed as potential biomarkers for several pathological conditions including cancers, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, due to their ability to break down the components of extracellular matrix and basement membrane. The development of protease biosensors opened up the possibility to investigate the proteolytic activity of dysregulated proteases with higher efficiency over the traditional detection assays due to their quick detection capability, high sensitivity and selectivity, simple instrumentation and cost-effective fabrication processes. In contrast to the recently published review papers that primarily focused on one specific class of proteases or one specific detection method, this review article presents different optical and electrochemical detection methods that can be used to design biosensors for all major protease families. The benefits and drawbacks of various transducer techniques integrated into protease biosensing platforms are analyzed and compared. The main focus is on activity-based biosensors that use peptides as biorecognition elements. The effects of nanomaterials on biosensor performance are also discussed. This review should help readers to select the biosensor that best fits their needs, and contribute to the further development of this research field. Protease biosensors may allow better comprehension of protease overexperession and potentially enable novel devices for point-of-care testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratika Rai
- Faculty of Computer Sciences and Microsystems Technology, Kaiserslautern University of Applied Sciences, Amerikastr.1, 66482, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Sabrina N Hoba
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Celine Buchmann
- Faculty of Computer Sciences and Microsystems Technology, Kaiserslautern University of Applied Sciences, Amerikastr.1, 66482, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Robert J Subirana-Slotos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Kersten
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Bufe
- Faculty of Computer Sciences and Microsystems Technology, Kaiserslautern University of Applied Sciences, Amerikastr.1, 66482, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Alexey Tarasov
- Faculty of Computer Sciences and Microsystems Technology, Kaiserslautern University of Applied Sciences, Amerikastr.1, 66482, Zweibrücken, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang G, Zhang XA, Kapilevich L, Hu M. Recent advances in polymeric microparticle-based drug delivery systems for knee osteoarthritis treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1290870. [PMID: 38130826 PMCID: PMC10733461 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1290870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the poor bioavailability and high joint clearance of drugs, sustained delivery of therapeutic agents has proven difficult in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Intra-articular (IA) drug delivery strategy is an attractive option for enhancing OA patients' prognosis, for which various polymer materials have been used as drug carriers due to their attractive delivery properties, to slow or even reverse the progress of OA by prolonging the duration of therapeutic agent residence in the joint. This article focuses on the recent developments in natural and synthetic polymer-based microsphere drug delivery systems for treating knee osteoarthritis. It evaluates the translational potential of some novel formulations for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-an Zhang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Leonid Kapilevich
- Faculty of Physical Education, Nаtionаl Reseаrch Tomsk Stаte University, Tomsk, Russiа
| | - Mingjie Hu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huynh PT, Vu HD, Ryu J, Kim HS, Jung H, Youn SW. Gadolinium-Cyclic 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-Tetraacetic Acid-Click-Sulfonyl Fluoride for Probing Serine Protease Activity in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083538. [PMID: 37110769 PMCID: PMC10141219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine protease is linked to a wide range of diseases, prompting the development of robust, selective, and sensitive protease assays and sensing methods. However, the clinical needs for serine protease activity imaging have not yet been met, and the efficient in vivo detection and imaging of serine protease remain challenging. Here, we report the development of the gadolinium-cyclic 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-click-Sulfonyl Fluoride (Gd-DOTA-click-SF) MRI contrast agent targeting serine protease. The HR-FAB mass spectrum confirmed the successful formation of our designed chelate. The molar longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of the Gd-DOTA-click-SF probe (r1 = 6.82 mM-1 s-1) was significantly higher than that of Dotarem (r1 = 4.63 mM-1 s-1), in the range of 0.01-0.64 mM at 9.4 T. The in vitro cellular study and the transmetallation kinetics study showed that the safety and stability of this probe are comparable to those of conventional Dotarem. Ex vivo abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) MRI revealed that this probe has a contrast-agent-to-noise ratio (CNR) that is approximately 51 ± 23 times greater than that of Dotarem. This study of superior visualization of AAA suggests that it has the potential to detect elastase in vivo and supports the feasibility of probing serine protease activity in T1-weighted MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Tu Huynh
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Huy Duc Vu
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwa Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Su Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute (Daegu Center), Kyungpook University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoesu Jung
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIhub), 88, Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Youn
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Copic D, Direder M, Schossleitner K, Laggner M, Klas K, Bormann D, Ankersmit HJ, Mildner M. Paracrine Factors of Stressed Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Activate Proangiogenic and Anti-Proteolytic Processes in Whole Blood Cells and Protect the Endothelial Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081600. [PMID: 36015226 PMCID: PMC9415091 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-regenerative properties have been attributed to secreted paracrine factors derived from stem cells and other cell types. In particular, the secretome of γ-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCsec) has been shown to possess high tissue-regenerative and proangiogenic capacities in a variety of preclinical studies. In light of future therapeutic intravenous applications of PBMCsec, we investigated the possible effects of PBMCsec on white blood cells and endothelial cells lining the vasculature. To identify changes in the transcriptional profile, whole blood was drawn from healthy individuals and stimulated with PBMCsec for 8 h ex vivo before further processing for single-cell RNA sequencing. PBMCsec significantly altered the gene signature of granulocytes (17 genes), T-cells (45 genes), B-cells (72 genes), and, most prominently, monocytes (322 genes). We detected a strong upregulation of several tissue-regenerative and proangiogenic cyto- and chemokines in monocytes, including VEGFA, CXCL1, and CXCL5. Intriguingly, inhibitors of endopeptidase activity, such as SERPINB2, were also strongly induced. Measurement of the trans-endothelial electrical resistance of primary human microvascular endothelial cells revealed a strong barrier-protective effect of PBMCsec after barrier disruption. Together, we show that PBMCsec induces angiogenic and proteolytic processes in the blood and is able to attenuate endothelial barrier damage. These regenerative properties suggest that systemic application of PBMCsec might be a promising novel strategy to restore damaged organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Copic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.C.); (M.D.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Direder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.C.); (M.D.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudia Schossleitner
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Maria Laggner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.C.); (M.D.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Klas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.C.); (M.D.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Bormann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.C.); (M.D.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.C.); (M.D.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (H.J.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (H.J.A.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Human Coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor is a putative target of neutrophil elastase-mediated shedding. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3213-3223. [PMID: 35122600 PMCID: PMC8924087 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background During viral-induced myocarditis, immune cells migrate towards the site of infection and secrete proteases, which in turn can act as sheddases by cleaving extracellular domains of transmembrane proteins. We were interested in the shedding of the Coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CAR) that acts as an entry receptor for both eponymous viruses, which cause myocarditis. CAR shedding by secreted immune proteases could result in a favourable outcome of myocarditis as CAR’s extracellular domain would be removed from the cardiomyocytes’ surface leading to decreased susceptibility to ongoing viral infections. Methods and results In this work, matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteinases were screened for their proteolytic activity towards human CAR. Whereas matrix metalloproteinases, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G did not cleave human recombinant CAR or only within long incubation times, neutrophil elastase showed a distinct cleavage pattern of CAR’s extracellular domain that was time- and dose-dependent. Neutrophil elastase cleaves CAR at its membrane-proximal immunoglobulin domain as we determined by nanoLC-MS/MS. Furthermore, neutrophil elastase treatment of cells reduced CAR surface levels as seen by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Conclusions With this study, we show that CAR might be a target for shedding by neutrophil elastase. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11033-022-07153-2.
Collapse
|
7
|
Islam S, Jahan N, Shahida A, Karnan S, Watanabe H. Accumulation of versican and lack of versikine ameliorate acute colitis. Matrix Biol 2022; 107:59-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
8
|
Garcia HS, Santiago-López L, González-Córdova AF, Vallejo-Cordoba B, Hernández-Mendoza A. Evaluation of a pseudocereal suitability to prepare a functional fermented beverage with epiphytic lactic acid bacteria of Huauzontle (Chenopodium berlandieri spp. nuttalliae). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
9
|
Shukla P, Mandalla A, Elrick MJ, Venkatesan A. Clinical Manifestations and Pathogenesis of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy: The Interface Between Systemic Infection and Neurologic Injury. Front Neurol 2022; 12:628811. [PMID: 35058867 PMCID: PMC8764155 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.628811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a devastating neurologic condition that can arise following a variety of systemic infections, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Affected individuals typically present with rapid changes in consciousness, focal neurological deficits, and seizures. Neuroimaging reveals symmetric, bilateral deep gray matter lesions, often involving the thalami, with evidence of necrosis and/or hemorrhage. The clinical and radiologic picture must be distinguished from direct infection of the central nervous system by some viruses, and from metabolic and mitochondrial disorders. Outcomes following ANE are poor overall and worse in those with brainstem involvement. Specific management is often directed toward modulating immune responses given the potential role of systemic inflammation and cytokine storm in potentiating neurologic injury in ANE, though benefits of such approaches remain unclear. The finding that many patients have mutations in the nucleoporin gene RANBP2, which encodes a multifunctional protein that plays a key role in nucleocytoplasmic transport, may allow for the development of disease models that provide insights into pathogenic mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Shukla
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Abby Mandalla
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthew J Elrick
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Arun Venkatesan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zafar M, Mirza MR, Awan FR, Tahir M, Sultan R, Hussain M, Bilal A, Abbas S, Larsen MR, Choudhary MI, Malik IR. Effect of APOB polymorphism rs562338 (G/A) on serum proteome of coronary artery disease patients: a "proteogenomic" approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22766. [PMID: 34815491 PMCID: PMC8610978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, APOB (rs1052031) genotype-guided proteomic analysis was performed in a cohort of Pakistani population. A total of 700 study subjects, including Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients (n = 480) and healthy individuals (n = 220) as a control group were included in the study. Genotyping was carried out by using tetra primer-amplification refractory mutation system-based polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) whereas mass spectrometry (Orbitrap MS) was used for label free quantification of serum samples. Genotypic frequency of GG genotype was found to be 90.1%, while 6.4% was for GA genotype and 3.5% was for AA genotypes in CAD patients. In the control group, 87.2% healthy subjects were found to have GG genotype, 11.8% had GA genotype, and 0.9% were with AA genotypes. Significant (p = 0.007) difference was observed between genotypic frequencies in the patients and the control group. The rare allele AA was found to be strongly associated with the CAD [OR: 4 (1.9-16.7)], as compared to the control group in recessive genetic model (p = 0.04). Using label free proteomics, altered expression of 60 significant proteins was observed. Enrichment analysis of these protein showed higher number of up-regulated pathways, including phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity, cholesterol transfer activity, and sterol transfer activity in AA genotype of rs562338 (G>A) as compared to the wild type GG genotype. This study provides a deeper insight into CAD pathobiology with reference to proteogenomics, and proving this approach as a good platform for identifying the novel proteins and signaling pathways in relation to cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneeza Zafar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Raza Mirza
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rabia Sultan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Bilal
- Allied Hospital, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology (FIC), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Imran Riaz Malik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rebordão MR, Amaral A, Fernandes C, Silva E, Lukasik K, Szóstek-Mioduchowska A, Pinto-Bravo P, Galvão A, Skarzynski DJ, Ferreira-Dias G. Enzymes Present in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps May Stimulate the Fibrogenic PGF 2α Pathway in the Mare Endometrium. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092615. [PMID: 34573581 PMCID: PMC8469524 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometrosis is a fibrotic disease in mare endometrium whose pathological mechanisms remain obscure. Prostaglandin (PG)F2α, despite modulating reproductive physiological processes, may also provoke local pathological collagen deposition (fibrogenesis). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released during inflammation have been linked to fibrogenesis in several tissues. We have previously shown that enzymes found in NETs increase in vitro collagen production in mare endometrium. In this study, activation of PGF2α-pathway in equine endometrial explants challenged in vitro by enzymes found in NETs is shown. Our results indicate that both endocrine microenvironment (estrous cycle phase) and healthy or pathological conditions of endometrial tissues play an important role in PGF2α-pathway activation. In the endometrium of the follicular phase, we have observed both high production of PGF2α and/or PGF2α receptor gene transcription under the action of enzymes found in NETs, both conditions associated with fibrogenesis in other tissues. Nevertheless, transcription of the PGF2α receptor gene does not appear to be hormone-dependent, albeit their levels seem to be dependent on endometrial category in the mid-luteal phase. This study suggests that enzymes existing in NETs may instigate changes on PGF2α mediators, which may become an additional mechanism of fibrogenesis in mare endometrium. Abstract Endometrosis, a fibrotic disease of mare endometrium, impairs uterine function. Prostaglandins (PG), despite modulating reproductive physiological functions, may also cause local pathological collagen deposition (fibrogenesis). We have previously shown that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may also favor mare endometrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enzymes present in NETs on PGF2α-pathway activation. Kenney and Doig’s type I/IIA and IIB/III mare endometria, from follicular phase (FLP) and mid-luteal (MLP) phase, were cultured in vitro in the presence of NETs enzymes (elastase, cathepsin-G or myeloperoxidase). Production of PGF2α (EIA) and transcription (qPCR) of its synthases (PTGS2, AKR1C3) and receptor (PTGFR) genes were evaluated. PGF2α and PTGFR were influenced by endometrial category and estrous cycle phase. In FLP endometrium, NETs enzymes induced both high PGF2α production and/or PTGFR transcription. In MLP type I/IIA tissues, down-regulation of PTGFR transcripts occurred. However, in MLP type IIB/III endometrium, high levels of PTGFR transcripts were induced by NETs enzymes. As PGF2α-pathway activation facilitates fibrogenesis in other tissues, PGF2α may be involved in endometrosis pathogenesis. In the mare, the endocrine microenvironment of healthy and pathological endometrium might modulate the PGF2α pathway, as well as fibrosis outcome on endometrium challenged by NETs enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Rebordão
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, College of Agriculture, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana Amaral
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Carina Fernandes
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisabete Silva
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Karolina Lukasik
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Anna Szóstek-Mioduchowska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Pedro Pinto-Bravo
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, College of Agriculture, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - António Galvão
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Dariusz J. Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Graça Ferreira-Dias
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-213-652-859
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu H, Zhang Y, Song W, Sun Y, Jiang Y. Osteopontin N-Terminal Function in an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm From Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681790. [PMID: 34458254 PMCID: PMC8397420 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cleavage of osteopontin (OPN) by thrombin results in an N-terminal fragment (OPN-N), which exposes a cryptic integrin-binding motif that promotes the adherence of cells, and plays a proinflammatory role. However, the effect of OPN-N on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of OPN-N in aortic tissue samples obtained from patients, who underwent acute aortic dissection (AD), and normal aorta, effect of OPN-N on angiotensin (Ang) II-induced AAA in mice, and relationship between OPN-N and pyroptosis-related inflammatory factors in vitro. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted to detect histological changes. Next, we detected the expression of the OPN-N protein. Additionally, ApoE−/− mice were divided into four groups: control, control + M5Ab (to block the OPN-N function in mice), Ang II, and Ang II + M5Ab. All mice were euthanized after a 28-day infusion and whole aortas, including thoracic and abdominal aortas, were collected for morphological and histological analysis of the AAA. The OPN-N protein expression was higher in patients with AD than in normal individuals, while histological changes in the aortas of Ang II mice were suppressed in Ang II + M5Ab mice. The expression of OPN-N, NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3, pro-Caspase-1, ASC, Gasdermin-d, interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, and MMP9 was lower in the Ang II + M5Ab group than in the Ang II group. The gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α was suppressed in the aortic tissues of the Ang II + M5Ab group compared with the Ang II group. Moreover, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin was lower in the Ang II group than in the Ang II + M5Ab group. In vitro results showed that the increase in the expression of pyroptosis-related inflammatory factors induced by OPN was mediated through the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. In conclusion, OPN-N promotes AAA by increasing the expression of pyroptosis-related inflammatory factors through the NF-κB pathway, inflammation, and extracellular matrix degradation. These results highlight the potential of OPN-N as a new therapeutic target to prevent AAA expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Liu
- Department of Heart Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yancui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yinong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar R, Ali SA, Singh SK, Bhushan V, Kaushik JK, Mohanty AK, Kumar S. Peptide profiling in cow urine reveals molecular signature of physiology-driven pathways and in-silico predicted bioactive properties. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12427. [PMID: 34127704 PMCID: PMC8203733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidomics allows the identification of peptides that are derived from proteins. Urinary peptidomics has revolutionized the field of diagnostics as the samples represent complete systemic changes happening in the body. Moreover, it can be collected in a non-invasive manner. We profiled the peptides in urine collected from different physiological states (heifer, pregnancy, and lactation) of Sahiwal cows. Endogenous peptides were extracted from 30 individual cows belonging to three groups, each group comprising of ten animals (biological replicates n = 10). Nano Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) experiments revealed 5239, 4774, and 5466 peptides in the heifer, pregnant and lactating animals respectively. Urinary peptides of <10 kDa size were considered for the study. Peptides were extracted by 10 kDa MWCO filter. Sequences were identified by scanning the MS spectra ranging from 200 to 2200 m/z. The peptides exhibited diversity in sequences across different physiological states and in-silico experiments were conducted to classify the bioactive peptides into anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and anti-cancerous groups. We have validated the antimicrobial effect of urinary peptides on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli under an in-vitro experimental set up. The origin of these peptides was traced back to certain proteases viz. MMPs, KLKs, CASPs, ADAMs etc. which were found responsible for the physiology-specific peptide signature of urine. Proteins involved in extracellular matrix structural constituent (GO:0005201) were found significant during pregnancy and lactation in which tissue remodeling is extensive. Collagen trimers were prominent molecules under cellular component category during lactation. Homophilic cell adhesion was found to be an important biological process involved in embryo attachment during pregnancy. The in-silico study also highlighted the enrichment of progenitor proteins on specific chromosomes and their relative expression in context to specific physiology. The urinary peptides, precursor proteins, and proteases identified in the study offers a base line information in healthy cows which can be utilized in biomarker discovery research for several pathophysiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center (ABTC), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center (ABTC), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center (ABTC), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Vanya Bhushan
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center (ABTC), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Jai Kumar Kaushik
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center (ABTC), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center (ABTC), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center (ABTC), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ramirez Alvarez C, Kee C, Sharma AK, Thomas L, Schmidt FI, Stanifer ML, Boulant S, Herrmann C. The endogenous cellular protease inhibitor SPINT2 controls SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and is associated to disease severity. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009687. [PMID: 34181691 PMCID: PMC8270430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak is the biggest threat to human health in recent history. Currently, there are over 1.5 million related deaths and 75 million people infected around the world (as of 22/12/2020). The identification of virulence factors which determine disease susceptibility and severity in different cell types remains an essential challenge. The serine protease TMPRSS2 has been shown to be important for S protein priming and viral entry, however, little is known about its regulation. SPINT2 is a member of the family of Kunitz type serine protease inhibitors and has been shown to inhibit TMPRSS2. Here, we explored the existence of a co-regulation between SPINT2/TMPRSS2 and found a tightly regulated protease/inhibitor expression balance across tissues. We found that SPINT2 negatively correlates with SARS-CoV-2 expression in Calu-3 and Caco-2 cell lines and was down-regulated in secretory cells from COVID-19 patients. We validated our findings using Calu-3 cell lines and observed a strong increase in viral load after SPINT2 knockdown, while overexpression lead to a drastic reduction of the viral load. Additionally, we evaluated the expression of SPINT2 in datasets from comorbid diseases using bulk and scRNA-seq data. We observed its down-regulation in colon, kidney and liver tumors as well as in alpha pancreatic islets cells from diabetes Type 2 patients, which could have implications for the observed comorbidities in COVID-19 patients suffering from chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmon Kee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Research Group “Cellular Polarity and Viral Infection”, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashwini Kumar Sharma
- Health Data Science Unit, Medical Faculty Heidelberg and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonie Thomas
- Health Data Science Unit, Medical Faculty Heidelberg and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian I. Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Megan L. Stanifer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Research Group “Cellular Polarity and Viral Infection”, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Herrmann
- Health Data Science Unit, Medical Faculty Heidelberg and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mei X, Villamagna IJ, Nguyen T, Beier F, Appleton CT, Gillies ER. Polymer particles for the intra-articular delivery of drugs to treat osteoarthritis. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33711838 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abee62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic disability. It is a progressive disease, involving pathological changes to the entire joint, resulting in joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and loss of mobility. There is currently no disease-modifying pharmaceutical treatment for OA, and the treatments that do exist suffer from significant side effects. An increasing understanding of the molecular pathways involved in OA is leading to many potential drug targets. However, both current and new therapies can benefit from a targeted approach that delivers drugs selectively to joints at therapeutic concentrations, while limiting systemic exposure to the drugs. Delivery systems including hydrogels, liposomes, and various types of particles have been explored for intra-articular drug delivery. This review will describe progress over the past several years in the development of polymer-based particles for OA treatment, as well as their in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evaluation. Systems based on biopolymers such as polysaccharides and polypeptides, as well as synthetic polyesters, poly(ester amide)s, thermoresponsive polymers, poly(vinyl alcohol), amphiphilic polymers, and dendrimers will be described. We will discuss the role of particle size, biodegradability, and mechanical properties in the behavior of the particles in the joint, and the challenges to be addressed in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, CANADA
| | - Ian J Villamagna
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, CANADA
| | - Tony Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, CANADA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3B7, CANADA
| | - C Thomas Appleton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3B7, CANADA
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, CANADA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Loureiro C, Buzalaf MAR, Moraes FRN, Ventura TMO, Pelá VT, Pessan JP, Jacinto RC. Quantitative proteomic analysis in symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2021; 54:834-847. [PMID: 33480079 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To quantitatively and qualitatively compare the host proteomic profile in samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AP) using nano-liquid chromatography-electron spray tandem mass spectrometry. METHODOLOGY Samples were obtained from 18 patients with radiographically evident AP, divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups (nine per group) according to clinical characteristics. After sample collection, protein extraction, purification and quantification of the samples were performed, which were analysed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed by Protein Lynx Global Service software. Differences in expression of proteins between the groups were calculated using the Monte Carlo algorithm, considering P < 0.05 for down-regulated proteins and 1 - P > 0.95 for up-regulated proteins. Proteins were identified with the embedded ion accounting algorithm in the software and a search of the Homo sapiens UniProt database. RESULTS A total of 853 individual human proteins were identified. In the quantitative analysis, common proteins to both groups accounted for 143 proteins. Differences in expression between groups resulted in 51 up-regulated proteins (1 - P > 0.95) in the symptomatic group, including alpha-1-antitrypsin, protein S100-A8, myeloperoxidase, peroxiredoxin and lactotransferrin. This group also had 43 down-regulated proteins (P < 0.05), comprising immunoglobulin, neutrophil defensin, pyruvate kinase and alpha-enolase. The qualitative analysis considered only the exclusive proteins of each group. For the symptomatic group, 318 complete proteins and 29 fragments were identified, such as dedicator of cytokinesis protein, intersectin, prostaglandin, phospholipase DDHD2 and superoxide dismutase. For the asymptomatic group, 326 complete proteins and 37 fragments were identified, including azurocidin, C-reactive protein, collagen alpha, cathepsin, heat shock and laminin. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative differences in the expression of common proteins in cases of symptomatic and asymptomatic AP were found, which were mostly related to host immune response in both groups. Exclusive proteins in the symptomatic group were mainly related to the host response to the presence of viruses in endodontic infections, oxidative stress and proteolytic enzymes. The results provide a basis for a better understanding of cellular and molecular pathways involved in AP, establishing specific proteomic profiles for symptomatic and asymptomatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Loureiro
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Aracatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - M A R Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - F R N Moraes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Aracatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - T M O Ventura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - V T Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - J P Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Aracatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - R C Jacinto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Aracatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
El Amri C. Serine Protease Inhibitors to Treat Lung Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:215-226. [PMID: 34019272 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung is a vital organ that ensures breathing function. It provides the essential interface of air filtering providing oxygen to the whole body and eliminating carbon dioxide in the blood; because of its exposure to the external environment, it is fall prey to many exogenous elements, such as pathogens, especially viral infections or environmental toxins and chemicals. These exogenous actors in addition to intrinsic disorders lead to important inflammatory responses that compromise lung tissue and normal functioning. Serine proteases regulating inflammation responses are versatile enzymes, usually involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines or other molecular mediator's production and activation of immune cells. In this chapter, an overview on major serine proteases in airway inflammation as therapeutic targets and their clinically relevant inhibitors is provided. Recent updates on serine protease inhibitors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazade El Amri
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gitlin-Domagalska A, Maciejewska A, Dębowski D. Bowman-Birk Inhibitors: Insights into Family of Multifunctional Proteins and Peptides with Potential Therapeutical Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E421. [PMID: 33255583 PMCID: PMC7760496 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBIs) are found primarily in seeds of legumes and in cereal grains. These canonical inhibitors share a highly conserved nine-amino acids binding loop motif CTP1SXPPXC (where P1 is the inhibitory active site, while X stands for various amino acids). They are natural controllers of plants' endogenous proteases, but they are also inhibitors of exogenous proteases present in microbials and insects. They are considered as plants' protective agents, as their elevated levels are observed during injury, presence of pathogens, or abiotic stress, i.a. Similar properties are observed for peptides isolated from amphibians' skin containing 11-amino acids disulfide-bridged loop CWTP1SXPPXPC. They are classified as Bowman-Birk like trypsin inhibitors (BBLTIs). These inhibitors are resistant to proteolysis and not toxic, and they are reported to be beneficial in the treatment of various pathological states. In this review, we summarize up-to-date research results regarding BBIs' and BBLTIs' inhibitory activity, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial and insecticidal strength, as well as chemopreventive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dawid Dębowski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.G.-D.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
de Freitas MAG, Amaral NO, Álvares ADCM, de Oliveira SA, Mehdad A, Honda DE, Bessa ASM, Ramada MHS, Naves LM, Pontes CNR, Castro CH, Pedrino GR, de Freitas SM. Blood pressure-lowering effects of a Bowman-Birk inhibitor and its derived peptides in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11680. [PMID: 32669617 PMCID: PMC7363796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive plant peptides have received considerable interest as potential antihypertensive agents with potentially fewer side effects than antihypertensive drugs. Here, the blood pressure-lowering effects of the Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor, BTCI, and its derived peptides, PepChy and PepTry, were investigated using normotensive (Wistar-WR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). BTCI inhibited the proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin, respectively, at 6 µM and 40 µM, a 10-fold greater inhibition than observed with PepTry (60 µM) and PepChy (400 µM). These molecules also inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) with IC50 values of 54.6 ± 2.9; 24.7 ± 1.1; and 24.4 ± 1.1 µM, respectively, occluding its catalytic site, as indicated by molecular docking simulation, mainly for PepChy and PepTry. Gavage administration of BTCI and the peptides promoted a decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increase of renal and aortic vascular conductance. These effects were more expressive in SHR than in WR. Additionally, BTCI, PepChy and PepTry promoted coronary vasodilation and negative inotropic effects in isolated perfused hearts. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor blunted the BTCI and PepChy, with no cardiac effects on PepTry. The findings of this study indicate a therapeutic potential of BTCI and its related peptides in the treatment of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alzira Garcia de Freitas
- Biology Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biophysics, University of Brasília (UnB), Quadra 604, Asa Norte, Bloco J 1° andar, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Oda Amaral
- Center of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology; Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Alice da Cunha Morales Álvares
- Biology Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biophysics, University of Brasília (UnB), Quadra 604, Asa Norte, Bloco J 1° andar, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Sandriele Aires de Oliveira
- Biology Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biophysics, University of Brasília (UnB), Quadra 604, Asa Norte, Bloco J 1° andar, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Azadeh Mehdad
- Biology Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biophysics, University of Brasília (UnB), Quadra 604, Asa Norte, Bloco J 1° andar, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Elias Honda
- Biology Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biophysics, University of Brasília (UnB), Quadra 604, Asa Norte, Bloco J 1° andar, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Sá Martins Bessa
- Integrative Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Neurological Pathophysiology; Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Soller Ramada
- Graduate Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, and Graduate Program in Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70790-160, Brazil
| | - Lara Marques Naves
- Center of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology; Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nobre Ribeiro Pontes
- Integrative Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Neurological Pathophysiology; Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Castro
- Integrative Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Neurological Pathophysiology; Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino
- Center of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology; Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Sonia Maria de Freitas
- Biology Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biophysics, University of Brasília (UnB), Quadra 604, Asa Norte, Bloco J 1° andar, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Meng F, Du C, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhou Q, Wu L, Wang Y, Yang X. Protective effect of rhubarb combined with ulinastatin for patients with sepsis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18895. [PMID: 32049789 PMCID: PMC7035124 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients. Ulinastatin (UTI), a protease inhibitor, and rhubarb, used as a traditional Chinese medication, are proved to be effective in treating sepsis, but the effect of the combination therapy of these two drugs on sepsis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination treatment of UTI and rhubarb on sepsis patients. METHODS A total of 75 septic patients were randomly divided into control group, UTI group, Rhubarb group, and UTI plus Rhubarb group. Clinical data and score of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) were collected; lymphocyte subtypes in the peripheral blood were analyzed before and after the 5-day treatment in the Intensive Care Unit. RESULTS All the therapeutic interventions (UTI alone, rhubarb alone, or UTI plus rhubarb) significantly reduced the levels of C-Reactive protein, white blood cell density, lactic acid, and APACH II scores, and elevated the levels of CD4/CD8, but only UTI plus rhubarb treatment obviously decreased the level of procalcitonin. CONCLUSION This study suggested that the combination of UTI and rhubarb may be a promising therapeutic scheme to ameliorate sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Mental Health, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Norseeda K, Chaisan N, Thongsornkleeb C, Tummatorn J, Ruchirawat S. Metal-Free Synthesis of 4-Chloroisocoumarins by TMSCl-Catalyzed NCS-Induced Chlorinative Annulation of 2-Alkynylaryloate Esters. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16222-16236. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krissada Norseeda
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nattawadee Chaisan
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Charnsak Thongsornkleeb
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jumreang Tummatorn
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Intracardiac administration of neutrophil protease cathepsin G activates noncanonical inflammasome pathway and promotes inflammation and pathological remodeling in non-injured heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 134:29-39. [PMID: 31252040 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory serine proteases (ISPs) play an important role in cardiac repair after injury through hydrolysis of dead cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) debris. Evidence also suggests an important role of ISPs in the coordination of the inflammatory response. However, the effect of ISPs on inflammation is obfuscated by the confounding factors associated with cell death and inflammatory cell infiltration induced after cardiac injury. This study investigated whether neutrophil-derived cathepsin G (Cat.G) influences inflammation and remodeling in the absence of prior cardiac injury and cell death. METHODS AND RESULTS Intracardiac catheter delivery of Cat.G (1 mg/kg) in rats induced significant left ventricular (LV) dilatation and cardiac contractile dysfunction at day 5, but not at day 2, post-delivery compared to vehicle-treated animals. Cat.G delivery also significantly increased matrix metalloprotease activity and collagen and fibronectin degradation at day 5 compared to vehicle-treated rats and these changes were associated with increased death signaling pathways and myocyte apoptosis. Mechanistic analysis shows that Cat.G-treatment induced potent chemotactic activity in hearts at day 2 and 5 post-delivery, characterized by processing and activation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, stimulation of inflammatory signaling pathways and accumulation of myeloid cells when compared to vehicle-treated rats. Cat.G-induced processing of IL-1β and IL-18 was independent of the canonical NLRP-3 inflammasome pathway and treatment of isolated cardiomyocytes with inhibitors of NLRP-3 or caspase-1 failed to reduce Cat.G-induced cardiomyocyte death. Notably, rats treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) show reduced inflammation and improved cardiac remodeling and function following Cat.G delivery. CONCLUSIONS Cat.G exerts potent chemoattractant and pro-inflammatory effects in non-stressed or injured heart in part through processing and activation of IL-1 family cytokines, subsequently leading to adverse cardiac remodeling and function. Thus, targeting ISPs could be a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce cardiac inflammation and improve cardiac remodeling and function after injury or stress.
Collapse
|
23
|
Rebordão MR, Amaral A, Lukasik K, Szóstek-Mioduchowska A, Pinto-Bravo P, Galvão A, Skarzynski DJ, Ferreira-Dias G. Impairment of the antifibrotic prostaglandin E 2 pathway may influence neutrophil extracellular traps-induced fibrosis in the mare endometrium. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 67:1-10. [PMID: 30522057 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has contradictory effects in many organs. It may have proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, or anti-fibrotic roles, depending on the type of receptors to which it binds. By signaling through its receptors EP2 and EP4, PGE2 mediates anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. In spite of chronic endometrial fibrosis (endometrosis) being a major cause of mare infertility, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. We have shown that contact of mare endometrium in vitro with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) proteases favors endometrial collagen type I production. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of the PGE2 pathway in collagen deposition in mare endometrium, challenged in vitro with proteases present in NETs. Mare endometria (Kenney and Doig categories I/IIA and IIB/III), obtained in the follicular phase (FLP) and mid-luteal phase (MLP), were incubated for 24 h with components found in NETs (elastase, cathepsin-G, and myeloperoxidase). Secretion of PGE2 and transcripts for specific PGE synthase (PGES) and PGE2 receptors (EP2 and EP4) were evaluated. Impaired PGE2 production and low EP2 transcript abundance depended on the endometrial category and estrous cycle phase. Impairment of PGE2 and/or EP2 might play a role in FLP (category IIB/III) and MLP (I/IIA) endometrial fibrogenesis because of the reduction in its antifibrotic capacity. In conclusion, priming of the endometrium with endogenous ovarian steroids might inhibit the antifibrotic PGE2 pathway either in healthy or pathologic tissues with collagen formation after NETs proteases action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Rebordão
- Department of Morphology and Function, CIISA- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Animal Sciences, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Amaral
- Department of Morphology and Function, CIISA- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Karolina Lukasik
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Szóstek-Mioduchowska
- Department of Morphology and Function, CIISA- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pinto-Bravo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Galvão
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz J Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Graça Ferreira-Dias
- Department of Morphology and Function, CIISA- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Venkatachalam P, Nadumane VK. Purification and Characterization of a Protease Inhibitor with Anticancer Potential from Bacillus endophyticus JUPR15. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394714666180321150605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:Introduction: Protease Inhibitors (PIs) constitute a group of proteins widely distributed among all organisms and their main function includes their ability to inhibit the proteolytic activity. PIs represent an important role in the regulation of various cellular physiological and biological processes, including cell cycle, cell death, differentiation and immune response.Material and Methods:Hence, in our search for novel anticancer compounds, we isolated microorganisms from various environmental sources and screened them for the production of protease inhibitors. Promising isolates were further checked for their protease inhibitory activity by their ability to inhibit the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin, which were measured spectrophotometrically.Results:The isolate identified as Bacillus endophyticus JUPR15 was found to be promising with higher inhibitory activity than the other isolates. The inhibitor was purified by cold acetone precipitation and column chromatography and further subjected to characterization studies by performing 12 % SDS-PAGE to determine the molecular weight and gelatin-PAGE assay to confirm its inhibitory activity.Conclusion:The isolate exhibited promising anticancer activity on in-vitro Hela and HepG2 cancer cell lines, showing its application potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Venkatachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Jain University, Jayanagar, Bengaluru-560 011, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Elie AGIM, Bloksgaard M, Sun WY, Yang K, Man AWC, Xu A, Irmukhamedov A, Riber LP, Wang Y, De Mey JGR. Local enrichment of fatty acid-binding protein 4 in the pericardial cavity of cardiovascular disease patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206802. [PMID: 30395653 PMCID: PMC6218069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pericardial fluid may be representative of the interstitium of the heart. The aim of this study was to discriminate in cardiovascular disease patients between adipocytokines that are produced locally by the heart and those supplied by the circulation. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to determine levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pBNP), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), leptin, lipocalin-2, neutrophil elastase, proteinase-3, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and adiponectin in venous plasma and pericardial fluid harvested during elective cardio-thoracic surgery (n = 132-152). RESULTS In pericardial fluid compared to plasma, the levels were significantly smaller (p < 0.001) for leptin, lipocalin-2, neutrophil elastase, proteinase-3, hsCRP and adiponectin. For these biomarkers, the ratio of pericardial fluid-to-plasma level ([PF]/[P], median (interquartile range)) was 0.65 (0.47-1.01), 0.78 (0.56-1.09), 0.23 (0.11-0.60), 0.17 (0.09-0.36), 0.14 (0.08-0.35), and 0.25 (0.15-0.34), respectively. In contrast, pericardial fluid was significantly enriched (p < 0.001) in NT-pBNP ([PF]/[P]: 1.9 (1.06-2.73)) and even more so for FABP4 ([PF]/[P]: 3.90 (1.47-9.77)). Moreover, in pericardial fluid, the adipocytokines interrelated all significantly positive and correlated negative to hsCRP, whereas for NT-pBNP only a significantly positive correlation with adiponectin was found. These interrelations were distinct from those in the plasma, as were the correlations of the pericardial biomarkers with patient characteristics compared to plasma. CONCLUSIONS In cardiovascular disease patients, the pericardial cavity is a distinct adipocytokine microenvironment in which especially FABP4 is mainly derived from the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atlanta G. I. M. Elie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Bloksgaard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Wai Y. Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kangmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy W. C. Man
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Akhmadjon Irmukhamedov
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lars P. Riber
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jo G. R. De Mey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Meegan JE, Yang X, Coleman DC, Jannaway M, Yuan SY. Neutrophil-mediated vascular barrier injury: Role of neutrophil extracellular traps. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28120468 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in host defense against infection or injury. While neutrophil activation is necessary for pathogen clearance and tissue repair, a hyperactive response can lead to tissue damage and microcirculatory disorders, a process involving complex neutrophil-endothelium cross talk. This review highlights recent research findings about neutrophil-mediated signaling and structural changes, including those induced by neutrophil extracellular traps, which ultimately lead to vascular barrier injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Danielle C Coleman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Jannaway
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiang W, Yu X, Sun T, Chai Y, Chang P, Chen Z, Pan J, Peng Z, Wang R, Wang X, Xu Y, Yu L, Zheng Q, Du B. ADJunctive Ulinastatin in Sepsis Treatment in China (ADJUST study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:133. [PMID: 29467017 PMCID: PMC5822617 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a major challenge in critical care and is associated with high mortality. Current management of sepsis and septic shock remains mainly supportive. Both basic and clinical research has shown that ulinastatin can improve the prognosis of sepsis. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of ulinastatin compared with placebo. Methods/design In this multi-center, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial we are recruiting a total of 348 subjects meeting “The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock” (Sepsis-3). Subjects will be randomized (1:1) to receive ulinastatin 400,000 IU three times a day for 10 days or matching placebo and usual care simultaneously. The primary outcome is 28-day all-cause mortality. Adverse events and serious adverse events will be monitored closely. Discussion ADJUST is a large, multi-center, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial of ulinastatin in mainland China and is well-designed on the basis of previous studies. The results of this trial may help to provide evidence-based recommendations for treatment of sepsis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02647554. First registered on 27 December 2015, and last verified in December of 2016. Protocol version: 2.1, verified on 19 July 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiangyou Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University 1st Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tongwen Sun
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanfen Chai
- Department of Emergency, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Central Hospital of Wuhan Affiliated to Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingshan Zheng
- Centre for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Du
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mohammadpour AH, Salehinejad Z, Elyasi S, Mouhebati M, Mirhafez SR, Samadi S, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns G, Sahebkar A. Evaluation of serum cathepsin D concentrations in coronary artery disease. Indian Heart J 2018; 70:471-475. [PMID: 30170638 PMCID: PMC6117802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) cannot be sufficiently explained by the presence of traditional risk factors. Cathepsin D has been proposed to serve as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis but its alterations in CAD patients have not been studied. Objective To evaluate serum cathepsin D concentrations in relation to the presence and severity of CAD. Materials and methods A total of 104 subjects were recruited; 71 patients with suspected CAD and 33 healthy subjects. Thirty-four patients had >50% coronary stenosis of at least one artery (CAD+); the remaining 37 patients had <50% stenosis (CAD−) based on angiography. CAD+ patients were sub-divided into three sub-groups with single (SVD; n = 15), double (2VD; n = 9), and triple vessel (3VD; n = 10) disease. Serum soluble cathepsin D concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Serum cathepsin D concentrations were significantly higher in the CAD+ compared with healthy control (p = 0.016) but not CAD− group (p = 0.098). Within the CAD+ group, patients with 3VD had significantly higher serum cathepsin D concentrations compared with the SVD group (p = 0.025), and also compared with the CAD− (p = 0.011) and SVD (p = 0.001) groups. No significant associations were found between serum cathepsin D concentrations and potential confounders including age, sex, blood pressure, smoking history and dyslipidemia. Conclusion Serum cathepsin D concentrations may be associated with the presence of CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zakieh Salehinejad
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Elyasi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mouhebati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mirhafez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Sara Samadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Rm 342, Mayfield House, University of Brighton, BN1 9PH, United Kingdom
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Endothelial Glycocalyx Layer: A Possible Therapeutic Target for Acute Lung Injury during Lung Resection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5969657. [PMID: 29423410 PMCID: PMC5750512 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5969657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) is known to occur during major surgery, but its degradation associated with minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) remains unclear. We investigated if serum biomarkers of EGL disruption were elevated during VATS lobectomy, and whether the urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) ulinastatin exerted a protective effect during this procedure. Materials and Methods Sixty ASA II-III lung cancer patients undergoing elective VATS lobectomy were divided equally into UTI and control groups. UTI group patients received intravenous UTI during surgery. Serum levels of syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate were examined before (T0) and at the end of surgery (T1). Serum albumin and hemoglobin were measured before surgery (BOD) and on the first postoperative day (POD1). Results In control group, syndecan-1 levels were significantly elevated at T1 compared with T0 (3.77 ± 3.15 versus 4.28 ± 3.30, P = 0.022⁎) and increased even more significantly in patients whose surgery lasted >3 h (3.28 ± 2.84 versus 4.31 ± 3.39, P = 0.003⁎⁎). Serum albumin levels on POD1 were significantly lower in control group compared with UTI group (32.63 ± 4.57 versus 35.76 ± 2.99, P = 0.031⁎). Conclusion EGL degradation occurs following VATS lobectomy. UTI can alleviate this shedding, thus helping preserve normal vascular permeability. Trail Registration This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IOC-17010416 (January 13, 2017).
Collapse
|
30
|
Soualmia F, El Amri C. Serine protease inhibitors to treat inflammation: a patent review (2011-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 28:93-110. [PMID: 29171765 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1406478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is a physiological part of the complex biological response of tissues to counteract various harmful signals. This process involves diverse actors such as immune cells, blood vessels, and nerves as sources of mediators for inflammation control. Among them serine proteases are key elements in both physiological and pathological inflammation. AREAS COVERED Serine protease inhibitors to treat inflammatory diseases are being actively investigated by various industrial and academic institutions. The present review covers patent literature on serine protease inhibitors for the therapy of inflammatory diseases patented between 2011 and 2016. EXPERT OPINION Serine proteases regulating inflammation are versatile enzymes, usually involved in proinflammatory cytokine production and activation of immune cells. Their dysregulation during inflammation can have devastating consequences, promoting various diseases including skin and lung inflammation, neuroinflammation, and inflammatory arthritis. Several serine proteases were selected for their contribution to inflammatory diseases and significant efforts that are spread to develop inhibitors. Strategies developed for inhibitor identification consist on either peptide-based inhibitor derived from endogenous protein inhibitors or small-organic molecules. It is also worth noting that among the recent patents on serine protease inhibitors related to inflammation a significant number are related to retinal vascular dysfunction and skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feryel Soualmia
- a B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology , Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256 , Paris , France
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- a B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, Molecular & Functional Enzymology , Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256 , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu W, Flores-Mireles AL, Cusumano ZT, Takagi E, Hultgren SJ, Caparon MG. Host and bacterial proteases influence biofilm formation and virulence in a murine model of enterococcal catheter-associated urinary tract infection. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2017; 3:28. [PMID: 29134108 PMCID: PMC5673934 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-017-0036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a leading causative agent of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), the most common hospital-acquired infection. Its ability to grow and form catheter biofilm is dependent upon host fibrinogen (Fg). Examined here are how bacterial and host proteases interact with Fg and contribute to virulence. Analysis of mutants affecting the two major secreted proteases of E. faecalis OG1RF (GelE, SprE) revealed that while the loss of either had no effect on virulence in a murine CAUTI model or for formation of Fg-dependent biofilm in urine, the loss of both resulted in CAUTI attenuation and defective biofilm formation. GelE−, but not SprE− mutants, lost the ability to degrade Fg in medium, while paradoxically, both could degrade Fg in urine. The finding that SprE was activated independently of GelE in urine by a host trypsin-like protease resolved this paradox. Treatment of catheter-implanted mice with inhibitors of both host-derived and bacterial-derived proteases dramatically reduced catheter-induced inflammation, significantly inhibited dissemination from bladder to kidney and revealed an essential role for a host cysteine protease in promoting pathogenesis. These data show that both bacterial and host proteases contribute to CAUTI, that host proteases promote dissemination and suggest new strategies for therapeutic intervention. Identifying bacterial and host enzymes that support biofilm formation may help prevent urinary tract infections caused by catheters. Enterococcus faecalis bacteria is a leading cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, the most common type of hospital-acquired infections. Michael Caparon and colleagues at Washington University School of Medicine in Missouri, USA, studied these infections in mice. They examined the effects of two protein-degrading enzymes, both from the bacterium and one can be activated by urine trypsin-like protease from the animals. Mutations that impaired either one of the enzymes had no effect on the infection, but when both the bacterial enzymes were impaired by mutation the formation of biofilms was significantly reduced. Treating the mice with chemicals that inhibited both bacterial and host enzymes dramatically reduced catheter-induced inflammation and related problems. This suggests drugs targeting these enzymes could be useful in clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110-1093 USA
| | - Ana L Flores-Mireles
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110-1093 USA
| | - Zachary T Cusumano
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110-1093 USA.,Present Address: NextCure Inc., Beltsville, MD USA
| | - Enzo Takagi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110-1093 USA
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110-1093 USA
| | - Michael G Caparon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110-1093 USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dual inhibition of cathepsin G and chymase reduces myocyte death and improves cardiac remodeling after myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:62. [PMID: 28913553 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Early reperfusion of ischemic cardiac tissue increases inflammatory cell infiltration which contributes to cardiomyocyte death and loss of cardiac function, referred to as ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Neutrophil- and mast cell-derived proteases, cathepsin G (Cat.G) and chymase, are released early after IR, but their function is complicated by potentially redundant actions and targets. This study investigated whether a dual inhibition of Cat.G and chymase influences cardiomyocyte injury and wound healing after experimental IR in mice. Treatment with a dual Cat.G and chymase inhibitor (DCCI) immediately after reperfusion blocked cardiac Cat.G and chymase activity induced after IR, which resulted in decreased immune response in the infarcted heart. Mice treated with DCCI had less myocardial collagen deposition and showed preserved ventricular function at 1 and 7 days post-IR compared with vehicle-treated mice. DCCI treatment also significantly attenuated focal adhesion (FA) complex disruption and myocyte degeneration after IR. Treatment of isolated cardiomyocytes with Cat.G or chymase significantly promoted FA signaling downregulation, myofibril degeneration and myocyte apoptosis. Conversely, treatment of cardiac fibroblasts with Cat.G or chymase induced FA signaling activation and increased their migration and differentiation to myofibroblasts. These opposite responses in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were blocked by treatment with DCCI. These findings show that Cat.G and chymase are key mediators of myocyte apoptosis and fibroblast migration and differentiation that play a role in adverse cardiac remodeling and function post-IR. Thus, dual targeting of neutrophil- and mast cell-derived proteases could be used as a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce post-IR inflammation and improve cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Y, Song J, Marquez-Lago TT, Leier A, Li C, Lithgow T, Webb GI, Shen HB. Knowledge-transfer learning for prediction of matrix metalloprotease substrate-cleavage sites. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5755. [PMID: 28720874 PMCID: PMC5515926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix Metalloproteases (MMPs) are an important family of proteases that play crucial roles in key cellular and disease processes. Therefore, MMPs constitute important targets for drug design, development and delivery. Advanced proteomic technologies have identified type-specific target substrates; however, the complete repertoire of MMP substrates remains uncharacterized. Indeed, computational prediction of substrate-cleavage sites associated with MMPs is a challenging problem. This holds especially true when considering MMPs with few experimentally verified cleavage sites, such as for MMP-2, -3, -7, and -8. To fill this gap, we propose a new knowledge-transfer computational framework which effectively utilizes the hidden shared knowledge from some MMP types to enhance predictions of other, distinct target substrate-cleavage sites. Our computational framework uses support vector machines combined with transfer machine learning and feature selection. To demonstrate the value of the model, we extracted a variety of substrate sequence-derived features and compared the performance of our method using both 5-fold cross-validation and independent tests. The results show that our transfer-learning-based method provides a robust performance, which is at least comparable to traditional feature-selection methods for prediction of MMP-2, -3, -7, -8, -9 and -12 substrate-cleavage sites on independent tests. The results also demonstrate that our proposed computational framework provides a useful alternative for the characterization of sequence-level determinants of MMP-substrate specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Monash Centre for Data Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Tatiana T Marquez-Lago
- Informatics Institute, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - André Leier
- Informatics Institute, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Chen Li
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey I Webb
- Monash Centre for Data Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Hong-Bin Shen
- Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Janssen M, Timur UT, Woike N, Welting TJM, Draaisma G, Gijbels M, van Rhijn LW, Mihov G, Thies J, Emans PJ. Celecoxib-loaded PEA microspheres as an auto regulatory drug-delivery system after intra-articular injection. J Control Release 2016; 244:30-40. [PMID: 27836707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential of celecoxib-loaded polyester amide (PEA) microspheres as an auto-regulating drug delivery system for the treatment of pain associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Celecoxib release from PEA microspheres and inflammation responsive release of a small molecule from PEA was investigated in vitro. Inflammation responsive release of a small molecule from PEA was observed when PEA was exposed to cell lysates obtained from a neutrophil-like Hl-60 cell line. Following a short initial burst release of ~15% of the total drug load in the first days, celecoxib was slowly released throughout a period of >80days. To investigate biocompatibility and degradation behavior in vivo, celecoxib-loaded PEA microspheres were injected in OA-induced (ACLT+pMMx) or contralateral healthy knee joints of male Lewis rats. Bioactivity of celecoxib from loaded PEA microspheres was confirmed by PGE2 measurements in total rat knee homogenates. Intra-articular biocompatibility was demonstrated histologically, where no cartilage damage or synovial thickening and necrosis were observed after intra-articular injections with PEA microspheres. Degradation of PEA microspheres was significantly higher in OA induced knees compared to contralateral healthy knee joints, while loading the PEA microspheres with celecoxib significantly inhibited degradation, indicating a drug delivery system with auto regulatory behavior. In conclusion, this study suggests the potential of celecoxib-loaded PEA microspheres to be used as a safe drug delivery system with auto regulatory behavior for treatment of pain associated with OA of the knee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Janssen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan, 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ufuk Tan Timur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan, 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nina Woike
- DSM Biomedical, Koestraat 1, 6167 RA Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan, 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Draaisma
- DSM Biomedical, Koestraat 1, 6167 RA Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Pathology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk W van Rhijn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan, 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - George Mihov
- DSM Biomedical, Koestraat 1, 6167 RA Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Thies
- DSM Biomedical, Koestraat 1, 6167 RA Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Emans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan, 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kennedy AJ, Yang P, Read C, Kuc RE, Yang L, Taylor EJA, Taylor CW, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP. Chemerin Elicits Potent Constrictor Actions via Chemokine-Like Receptor 1 (CMKLR1), not G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 1 (GPR1), in Human and Rat Vasculature. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e004421. [PMID: 27742615 PMCID: PMC5121526 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating levels of chemerin are significantly higher in hypertensive patients and positively correlate with blood pressure. Chemerin activates chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1 or ChemR23) and is proposed to activate the "orphan" G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1), which has been linked with hypertension. Our aim was to localize chemerin, CMKLR1, and GPR1 in the human vasculature and determine whether 1 or both of these receptors mediate vasoconstriction. METHODS AND RESULTS Using immunohistochemistry and molecular biology in conduit arteries and veins and resistance vessels, we localized chemerin to endothelium, smooth muscle, and adventitia and found that CMKLR1 and GPR1 were widely expressed in smooth muscle. C9 (chemerin149-157) contracted human saphenous vein (pD2=7.30±0.31) and resistance arteries (pD2=7.05±0.54) and increased blood pressure in rats by 9.1±1.0 mm Hg at 200 nmol. Crucially, these in vitro and in vivo vascular actions were blocked by CCX832, which we confirmed to be highly selective for CMKLR1 over GPR1. C9 inhibited cAMP accumulation in human aortic smooth muscle cells and preconstricted rat aorta, consistent with the observed vasoconstrictor action. Downstream signaling was explored further and, compared to chemerin, C9 showed a bias factor=≈5000 for the Gi protein pathway, suggesting that CMKLR1 exhibits biased agonism. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that chemerin acts at CMKLR1, but not GPR1, to increase blood pressure. Chemerin has an established detrimental role in metabolic syndrome, and these direct vascular actions may contribute to hypertension, an additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study provides proof of principle for the therapeutic potential of selective CMKLR1 antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Kennedy
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peiran Yang
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cai Read
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rhoda E Kuc
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Yang
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J A Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Colin W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Level 6, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Anti-Inflammatory Action of Keratinocyte-Derived Vaspin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:639-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
37
|
Han D, Shang W, Wang G, Sun L, Zhang Y, Wen H, Xu L. Ulinastatin- and thymosin α1-based immunomodulatory strategy for sepsis: A meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:377-382. [PMID: 26522590 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of ulinastatin (UTI) and thymosin α1 (Tα1) based immunomodulatory strategy in sepsis patients. METHODS A systematic search was made of MEDLINE, Cochrane, ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. Randomized clinical trials on treatment of sepsis with the combination of ulinastatin and Tα1, compared with placebo, were reviewed. Studies were pooled to relative risk (RR) and weighted mean differences (WMD), with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Six trials (enrolling 915 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo, the combination of ulinastatin and Tα1 presented significant effects on 28-day all-cause mortality (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.80), 90-day all-cause mortality (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.93), TNF-α (WMD -73.86ng/L; 95% CI -91.00 to -56.73ng/L), IL-6 (WMD -55.04ng/L; 95% CI -61.22 to -48.85ng/L), and duration of mechanical ventilation (WMD -2.26days; 95% CI -2.79 to -1.73days). CONCLUSIONS Immunomodulatory therapy that combines ulinastatin and Tα1 significantly improves all-cause mortality, inflammatory mediators and duration of mechanical ventilation in subjects with sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, PR China.
| | - Wenli Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, PR China
| | - Guizuo Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, PR China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China
| | - Hongxia Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, PR China
| | - Lingbin Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Agrawal K, Kale SL, Arora N. Protease activity of Per a 10 potentiates Th2 polarization by increasing IL-23 and OX40L. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3375-85. [PMID: 26417883 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are implicated in exacerbation of allergic diseases. In this study, the role of proteolytic activity of Per a 10 was evaluated on Th2 polarization. Intranasal administration of Per a 10 in mice led to allergic airway inflammation as seen by higher IgE levels, cellular infiltration, IL-17A, and Th2 cytokines, whereas, inactive (Δ)Per a 10 showed attenuated response. There was an increased OX40L expression on lung and lymph node dendritic cells in Per a 10 immunized group and on Per a 10 stimulated BMDCs. Reduction in CD40 expression without any change at transcript level in lungs of Per a 10 immunized mice suggested CD40 cleavage. BMDCs pulsed with Per a 10 showed reduced CD40 expression with lower IL-12p70 secretion as compared to heat inactivated Per a 10. IL-23, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in Per a 10 stimulated BMDCs supernatant. In DC-T cell coculture studies, Per a 10 pulsed BMDCs showed higher levels of IL-4 and IL-13 that were reduced on blocking of either IL-23 or OX40L. In conclusion, the data suggests a critical role of protease activity of Per a 10 in promoting Th2 polarization by increasing IL-23 secretion and OX40L expression on dendritic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Agrawal
- Allergy and Immunology section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagar L Kale
- Allergy and Immunology section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB Campus, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Proteases have been shown to modulate pain signaling in the spinal cord and may contribute to the development of chronic postsurgical pain. By using peripheral inflammation in rats as a chronic pain model, the authors identified the deregulation of proteases and their inhibitors as a hallmark of chronic pain development using a genome-wide screening approach.
Methods:
A microarray analysis was performed and identified spinal cathepsin G (CTSG) as the most up-regulated gene in rats with persistent hyperalgesia after intraplantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (n = 4). Further experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanisms of CTSG-induced hyperalgesia by intrathecally applying specific CTSG inhibitor (n = 10). The authors also evaluated the association between CTSG gene polymorphisms and the risk of chronic postsurgical pain in 1,152 surgical patients.
Results:
CTSG blockade reduced heat hyperalgesia, accompanied by a reduction in neutrophil infiltration and interleukin 1β levels in the dorsal horns. In the gene association study, 246 patients (21.4%) reported chronic postsurgical pain at 12-month follow-up. Patients with AA genotypes at polymorphisms rs2070697 (AA-15.3%, GA-24.1%, and GG-22.3%) or rs2236742 (AA-6.4%, GA-20.4%, and GG-22.6%) in the CTSG gene had lower risk for chronic postsurgical pain compared with wild-types. The adjusted odds ratios were 0.67 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.99) and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.98), respectively.
Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that CTSG is a pronociceptive mediator in both animal model and human study. CTSG represents a new target for pain control and a potential marker to predict patients who are prone to develop chronic pain after surgery.
Collapse
|
40
|
Inter-α inhibitor protein and its associated glycosaminoglycans protect against histone-induced injury. Blood 2015; 125:2286-96. [PMID: 25631771 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-06-582759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular histones are mediators of tissue injury and organ dysfunction; therefore they constitute potential therapeutic targets in sepsis, inflammation, and thrombosis. Histone cytotoxicity in vitro decreases in the presence of plasma. Here, we demonstrate that plasma inter-α inhibitor protein (IAIP) neutralizes the cytotoxic effects of histones and decreases histone-induced platelet aggregation. These effects are mediated through the negatively charged glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) chondroitin sulfate and high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA) associated with IAIP. Cell surface anionic glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate and HA protect the cells against histone-mediated damage in vitro. Surface plasmon resonance showed that both IAIP and HMW-HA directly bind to recombinant histone H4. In vivo neutralization of histones with IAIP and HMW-HA prevented histone-induced thrombocytopenia, bleeding, and lung microvascular thrombosis, decreased neutrophil activation, and averted histone-induced production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. IAIP and HMW-HA colocalized with histones in necrotic tissues and areas that displayed neutrophil extracellular traps. Increasing amounts of IAIP-histone complexes detected in the plasma of septic baboons correlated with increase in histones and/or nucleosomes and consumption of plasma IAIP. Our data suggest that IAIP, chondroitin sulfate, and HMW-HA are potential therapeutic agents to protect against histone-induced cytotoxicity, coagulopathy, systemic inflammation, and organ damage during inflammatory conditions such as sepsis and trauma.
Collapse
|
41
|
Microinflammation factors in the common diseases of the heart and kidneys. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:470589. [PMID: 25648331 PMCID: PMC4310254 DOI: 10.1155/2015/470589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To determine levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in different cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) modalities and to compare findings to some already investigated direct and indirect parameters of inflammation and atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods. Testing involved 114 examinees, divided into control and clinical groups suffering from different modalities and were formed according to the basis of a valid classification for CRS. Results. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher in all CRSs in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). PAI-1 in CRSs was statistically higher than in the control group. IL-8 was increased in all CRSs, and especially in CRS-5, where no significance was found. PAI-1 correlated with IL-8 in all CRSs, with significant value in CRS-2 and CRS-5. Correlation for PAI-1 and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was found in CRS-4, while IL-8 was found to be related to CRP level in all CRSs, with significance only in CRS-1 (P < 0.001). Conclusions. C-reactive protein, IL-8, and PAI-1 could be useful for clinical differentiation of chronic modalities of CRSs. Inflammation was the most pronounced in CRS-4. Lipid status parameters could be useful for differentiation of CRSs. Furthermore, HDL in chronic primary kidney diseases and triglycerides and total cholesterol in CRS-5 could be valuable.
Collapse
|
42
|
Clemente A, Arques MDC. Bowman-Birk inhibitors from legumes as colorectal chemopreventive agents. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10305-10315. [PMID: 25132747 PMCID: PMC4130838 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant functioning of serine proteases in inflammatory and carcinogenic processes within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has prompted scientists to investigate the potential of serine protease inhibitors, both natural and synthetic, as modulators of their proteolytic activities. Protease inhibitors of the Bowman-Birk type, a major protease inhibitor family in legume seeds, which inhibit potently and specifically trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteases, are currently being investigated as colorectal chemopreventive agents. Physiologically relevant amounts of Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBI) can reach the large intestine in active form due to their extraordinary resistance to extreme conditions within the GIT. Studies in animal models have proven that dietary BBI from several legume sources, including soybean, pea, lentil and chickpea, can prevent or suppress carcinogenic and inflammatory processes within the GIT. Although the therapeutic targets and the action mechanism of BBI have not yet been elucidated, the emerging evidence suggests that BBI exert their preventive properties via protease inhibition; in this sense, serine proteases should be considered as primary targets in early stages of carcinogenesis. The validation of candidate serine proteases as therapeutic targets together with the identification, within the wide array of natural BBI variants, of the most potent and specific protease inhibitors, are necessary to better understand the potential of this protein family as colorectal chemopreventive agents.
Collapse
|
43
|
Suen JY, Cotterell A, Lohman RJ, Lim J, Han A, Yau MK, Liu L, Cooper MA, Vesey DA, Fairlie DP. Pathway-selective antagonism of proteinase activated receptor 2. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4112-24. [PMID: 24821440 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Proteinase activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is a GPCR associated with inflammation, metabolism and disease. Clues to understanding how to block PAR2 signalling associated with disease without inhibiting PAR2 activation in normal physiology could be provided by studies of biased signalling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PAR2 ligand GB88 was profiled for PAR2 agonist and antagonist properties by several functional assays associated with intracellular G-protein-coupled signalling in vitro in three cell types and with PAR2-induced rat paw oedema in vivo. KEY RESULTS In HT29 cells, GB88 was a PAR2 antagonist in terms of Ca(2+) mobilization and PKC phosphorylation, but a PAR2 agonist in attenuating forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation, increasing ERK1/2 phosphorylation, RhoA activation, myosin phosphatase phosphorylation and actin filament rearrangement. In CHO-hPAR2 cells, GB88 inhibited Ca(2+) release, but activated G(i/o) and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In human kidney tubule cells, GB88 inhibited cytokine secretion (IL6, IL8, GM-CSF, TNF-α) mediated by PAR2. A rat paw oedema induced by PAR2 agonists was also inhibited by orally administered GB88 and compared with effects of locally administered inhibitors of G-protein coupled pathways. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS GB88 is a biased antagonist of PAR2 that selectively inhibits PAR2/G(q/11)/Ca(2+)/PKC signalling, leading to anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, while being an agonist in activating three other PAR2-activated pathways (cAMP, ERK, Rho) in human cells. These findings highlight opportunities to design drugs to block specific PAR2-linked signalling pathways in disease, without blocking beneficial PAR2 signalling in normal physiology, and to dissect PAR2-associated mechanisms of disease in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Suen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Karnad DR, Bhadade R, Verma PK, Moulick ND, Daga MK, Chafekar ND, Iyer S. Intravenous administration of ulinastatin (human urinary trypsin inhibitor) in severe sepsis: a multicenter randomized controlled study. Intensive Care Med 2014; 40:830-8. [PMID: 24737258 PMCID: PMC4028549 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-014-3278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Ulinastatin, a serine protease inhibitor, inhibits several pro-inflammatory proteases and decreases inflammatory cytokine levels and mortality in experimental sepsis. We studied the effect of ulinastatin on 28-day all-cause mortality in a double-blind trial in patients with severe sepsis in seven Indian hospitals. Methods Patients with sepsis were randomized within 48 h of onset of one or more organ failures to receive intravenous administration of ulinastatin (200,000 IU) or placebo 12 hourly for 5 days. Results Of 122 randomized subjects, 114 completed the study (55 receiving ulinastatin, 59 receiving placebo). At baseline, the mean APACHE II score was 13.4 (SD = 4.4), 48 (42 %) patients were receiving mechanical ventilation, 58 (51 %) were on vasopressors, and 35 % had multiple organ failure. In the modified intention-to-treat analysis (patients receiving six or more doses of study drugs), 28-day all-cause mortality was 7.3 % with ulinastatin (4 deaths) versus 20.3 % (12 deaths) with placebo (p = 0.045). On multivariate analysis too, treatment with ulinastatin (odds ratio 0.26, 95 % CI 0.07–0.95; p = 0.042) independently decreased 28-day all-cause mortality. However, the mortality difference did not reach statistical significance in the intention-to-treat analysis [10.2 % (6/59 deaths) with ulinastatin versus 20.6 % (13/63 deaths) in the placebo group; p = 0.11]. The ulinastatin group had lower incidence of new-onset organ failure (10 vs. 26 patients, p = 0.003), more ventilator-free days (mean ± SD 19.4 ± 10.6 days vs. 10.2 ± 12.5 days, p = 0.019), and shorter hospital stay (11.8 ± 7.1 days vs. 24.2 ± 7.2 days, p < 0.001). Conclusions In this pilot study, intravenous administration of ulinastatin reduced mortality in patients with severe sepsis in the modified intention-to-treat analysis, but not in the intention-to-treat analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00134-014-3278-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abril N, Ruiz-Laguna J, García-Sevillano MÁ, Mata AM, Gómez-Ariza JL, Pueyo C. Heterologous microarray analysis of transcriptome alterations in Mus spretus mice living in an industrial settlement. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2183-2192. [PMID: 24460498 DOI: 10.1021/es4053973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the successful application of a commercial oligonucleotide microarray containing Mus musculus whole-genome probes to assess the biological effects of an industrial settlement on inhabitant Mus spretus mice. The transcriptomes of animals in the industrial settlement contrasted with those of specimens collected from a nearby protected ecosystem. Proteins encoded by the differentially expressed genes were broadly categorized into six main functional classes. Immune-associated genes were mostly induced and related to innate and acquired immunity and inflammation. Genes sorted into the stress-response category were mainly related to oxidative-stress tolerance and biotransformation. Metabolism-associated genes were mostly repressed and related to lipid metabolic pathways; these included genes that encoded 11 of the 20 cholesterol biosynthetic pathway enzymes. Crosstalk between members of different functional categories was also revealed, including the repression of serine-protease genes and the induction of protease-inhibitor genes to control the inflammatory response. Absolute quantification of selected transcripts was performed via RT-PCR to verify the microarray results and assess interindividual variability. Microarray data were further validated by immunoblotting and by cholesterol and protein-thiol oxidation level determinations. Reported data provide a broad impression of the biological consequences of residing in an industrial area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Severo Ochoa Building, University of Córdoba , Rabanales Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|