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Cannarella R, Curto R, Condorelli RA, Lundy SD, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Molecular insights into Sertoli cell function: how do metabolic disorders in childhood and adolescence affect spermatogonial fate? Nat Commun 2024; 15:5582. [PMID: 38961093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is a major public health concern globally with unknown etiology in approximately half of cases. The decline in total sperm count over the past four decades and the parallel increase in childhood obesity may suggest an association between these two conditions. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms through which obesity during childhood and adolescence may impair future testicular function. Several mechanisms occurring in obesity can interfere with the delicate metabolic processes taking place at the testicular level during childhood and adolescence, providing the molecular substrate to hypothesize a causal relationship between childhood obesity and the risk of low sperm counts in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Roberto Curto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Scott D Lundy
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Verma P, Pal H, Mohanty B. Neurotensin receptor-1 antagonist SR48692 modulation of high-fat diet induced reproductive impairment in male mice. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108498. [PMID: 37952698 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS), a tridecapeptide of the gastrointestinal tract, has been implicated in the facilitation of lipid absorption on ingestion of a high-fat diet (HFD) especially via NTS receptors, NTSR1, NTSR2, and NTSR3, to cause lipid metabolic dysregulation and imbalance of the oxidant-antioxidant system. Oxidative stress induced a negative impact on reproductive function, affecting the reproductive organ and related reproductive hormones. The present study elucidated the efficacy of NTSR1 antagonist SR48692 in the modulation of HFD-induced reproductive impairment in male mice. Swiss albino mice (male, 23 ± 2 g) were maintained (6/group) for eight weeks; Group-I chow diet (CD), Group-II HFD, Group-III (HFD+SR48692L), Group-IV (HFD+SR48692H), Group-V (CD+SR48692L) and Group-VI (CD+SR48692H). SR48692 low (100 µg/kg b.w./SR48692L) and high-dose (400 µg/kg b.w./SR48692H) were given intraperitoneally for the last four weeks. Treatment with low-dose (SR48692L) to HFD-fed mice showed some efficacy in mitigating lipid dysregulation, oxidative stress, and reproductive impairment as evidenced by decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased antioxidant defense enzymes, reduction of histopathological scores in testis and increase in plasma level of LH, FSH and testosterone compared to that of HFD, but not up to CD. With the high-dose of antagonist (SR48692H) showed more adverse effects even from that of HFD. Treatment of both doses of SR48692 to CD-fed mice these effects become more extended. Less effectiveness of NTSR1 antagonist with the doses tried (low and high) in normalizing the lipid dysregulation and reproductive impairments might be due to the persistence of NTSR2/NTSR3-mediated lipid absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Verma
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Himanshu Pal
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Banalata Mohanty
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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3
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Arora H. Leptin and male fertility: unraveling the molecular pathways, receptor functions, and therapeutic potential. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:880-882. [PMID: 37482452 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Leptin, an adipokine hormone, is a critical regulator of energy homeostasis, appetite, and metabolism. Recent advances have elucidated its role in male fertility. This forum provides an overview of the interplay between leptin, its receptors, and signaling pathways in the context of male fertility, revealing its multifaceted impact on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Arora
- Desai Sethi Institute of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Mo Y, Liang F, Mehmood A, Shah S, Xie Y, Lin Z, Sun Y, Jiang H, Guo Y, Niu X, Mo D. Leptin Receptor Gln223Arg Polymorphism of Human Spermatozoa Associated with Male Infertility in a Chinese Population. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:4009061. [PMID: 37662867 PMCID: PMC10470079 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4009061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin (LEP) is believed to play a crucial role in male reproduction, while the molecular mechanisms through which LEP affects the male reproductive system are unclear. LEP acts by binding to a leptin receptor (LEPR) which mediates its physiological action, but there are only limited studies on the function of LEPR in human sperm. Purpose This study aimed to determine the Gln223Arg polymorphisms of the LEPR gene in human spermatozoa and evaluate their possible relationship with semen variables. Methods The study was performed on Chinese men: 115 healthy subjects and 108 patients with primary and 98 with secondary infertility. Semen samples were obtained from all patients, and semen variables were analyzed. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of Gln223Arg polymorphism in spermatozoa were determined by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann-Whitney test. Results There were no significant differences in genotypic or allelic frequency distributions of Gln223Arg polymorphism among men with primary infertility, secondary infertility, and controls. Similarly, semen volume and sperm concentration did not differ with the different genotypes in all groups of men. The percentages of motile sperm for AA + AG genotypes in men with primary infertility (31.98%) were significantly lower than those in secondary infertility, and control men with GG genotypes were 34.41% and 59.36%, respectively. At the same time, the percentages of normal morphology sperm for AA + AG genotypes in men with primary infertility (2.93%) were significantly lower than those in secondary infertility and control men with GG genotypes 3.71% and 6.54%, respectively. Conclusion This study reveals a possible association between the Gln223Arg polymorphism of the LEPR gene in spermatozoa affecting spermatozoal membrane integrity and having a direct role in sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Mo
- The Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530029, China
| | - Fangfang Liang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Suleman Shah
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Zhong Lin
- The Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530029, China
| | - Yan Sun
- The Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530029, China
| | - Hesheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yafen Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Xiangli Niu
- The Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530029, China
| | - Dinggan Mo
- The Reproductive Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530029, China
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The Role of Adiponectin in the Resolution of Male-Obesity-Associated Secondary Hypogonadism after Metabolic Surgery and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Risk. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082000. [PMID: 36009547 PMCID: PMC9405896 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Male-obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism (MOSH) is a very prevalent entity that may resolve after marked weight loss. Adiponectin (APN) is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory properties that regulates metabolism. Low-circulating APN is associated with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk, along with circulating testosterone. We aimed to evaluate APN changes in men with MOSH (low circulating free testosterone (FT) with low or normal gonadotropins) and without it after metabolic surgery. We look for their possible association with cardiovascular risk measured by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). We included 60 men (20 submitted to lifestyle modification, 20 to sleeve gastrectomy, and 20 to gastric bypass) evaluated at baseline and 6 months after. The increase in APN at follow-up was reduction in patients with persistent MOSH (n = 10) vs. those without MOSH (n = 30) and MOSH resolution (n = 20), and the former did not achieve a decrease in cIMT. The increase in APN correlated positively with FT (r = 0.320, p = 0.013) and inversely with cIMT (r = −0.283, p = 0.028). FT inversely correlated with cIMT (r = −0.269, p = 0.038). In conclusion, men without MOSH or with MOSH resolution showed a high increase in APN after weight loss with beneficial effects on cIMT. Those without MOSH resolution failed to attain these effects.
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Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Obesity-Related Male Hypogonadism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158194. [PMID: 35897769 PMCID: PMC9330735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic illness associated with several metabolic derangements and comorbidities (i.e., insulin resistance, leptin resistance, diabetes, etc.) and often leads to impaired testicular function and male subfertility. Several mechanisms may indeed negatively affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal health, such as higher testosterone conversion to estradiol by aromatase activity in the adipose tissue, increased ROS production, and the release of several endocrine molecules affecting the hypothalamus–pituitary–testis axis by both direct and indirect mechanisms. In addition, androgen deficiency could further accelerate adipose tissue expansion and therefore exacerbate obesity, which in turn enhances hypogonadism, thus inducing a vicious cycle. Based on these considerations, we propose an overview on the relationship of adipose tissue dysfunction and male hypogonadism, highlighting the main biological pathways involved and the current therapeutic options to counteract this condition.
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Mechanisms of reduced leptin-mediated satiety signaling during obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1212-1221. [PMID: 35241786 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Disrupted leptin signaling in vagal afferent neurons contributes to hyperphagia and obesity. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that intrinsic negative regulators of leptin signaling, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) underlie dysfunctional leptin-mediated vagal afferent satiety signaling during obesity. METHODS Experiments were performed on standard chow-fed control mice, high-fat fed (HFF), or low-fat fed (LFF) mice. SOCS3 and PTP1B expression were quantified using western blot and quantitative PCR. Nodose ganglion neuronal excitability and jejunal afferent sensitivity were measured by patch clamp and extracellular afferent recordings, respectively. RESULTS Increased expression of SOCS3 and PTP1B were observed in the jejunum of HFF mice. Prolonged incubation with leptin attenuated nodose ganglion neuronal excitability, and this effect was reversed by inhibition of SOCS3. Leptin potentiated jejunal afferent nerve responses to CCK in LFF mice but decreased them in HFF mice. Inhibition of SOCS3 restored impaired vagal afferent neuronal excitability and afferent nerve responses to satiety mediators during obesity. Two-pore domain K+ channel (K2P) conductance and nitric oxide (NO) production that we previously demonstrated were elevated during obesity were decreased by inhibitions of SOCS3 or PTP1B. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that obesity impairs vagal afferent sensitivity via SOCS3 and PTP1B, likely as a consequence of obesity-induced hyperleptinemia. The mechanisms underlying leptin resistance appear also to cause a more global impairment of satiety-related vagal afferent responsiveness.
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Jeremy M, Kharwar RK, Roy VK. Synthetic leptin c-fragment peptide minimises heat-induced impairment of spermatogenesis in mice via Stat3 signalling. Theriogenology 2022; 178:40-49. [PMID: 34763177 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a temperature-sensitive process, and an increase in testicular temperature impairs spermatogenesis. Leptin modulates testicular activity, but the effect of leptin or its synthetic analogue on heat-induced testicular impairment is unclear. We investigated the effects of synthetic leptin peptide (116-130 amides) on testicular activity in heat-stressed mice model. 15 adult mice (25.54 ± 1.43 g) were selected for the study. Ten mice were subjected to a single heat stress treatment (HS) at 43 °C for 15 min by submerging the lower half of the body in a thermostatic water bath. After heat treatment, mice were divided into two groups, the heat-stressed HS group (n = 5) and the second group as HSL, treated with leptin peptide (116-130 amide) for 14 days. The HS group showed a significant (p < 0.05) decline in the GSI (0.25 ± 0.018), Johnsenscore (4.5 ±.19), seminiferous tubule diameter (160.75 ± 10.18 μm), germinal epithelium height, (GEH) (37.5 ± 1.59 μm) compared to the CN (GSI-0.37 ± 0.015; Johnsen score-7.9 ± 0.20; GEH- 73.25 ± 1.29 μm; tubule diameter-230.25 ± 1.39 μm) and the HSL groups (GSI-0.38 ± 0.014; Johnsen' score-8.0 ± 0.32; GEH- 37.5 ± 1.59 μm; tubule diameter-160.75 ± 10.18 μm) groups. Heat treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased the intra-testicular levels of leptin (HS-20.11 ± 2.1 pg/mg protein; CN-10.50 ± 0.17 pg/mg protein; HSL-12.99 ± 0.52 pg/mg protein) with a reduced level of pStat3, suggesting leptin resistance during testicular hyperthermia. Furthermore, heat treatment was associated with significantly (p < 0.05) decreased germ cell proliferation and reduced circulating testosterone levels (HS-2.69 ± 2.01 ng/mL; CN-7.69 ± 0.32 ng/mL; HSL-5.36 ± 0.73 ng/mL). However, the circulating androstenedione levels showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the HS group (0.75 ± 0.03 ng/mL) compared to the CN (0.51 ± 0.02 ng/mL) and HSL (0.57 ± 0.07 ng/mL) groups. Immunolocalisation of 3β-HSD showed moderate to faint staining in the Leydig cells in the HS group compared to the CN and HSL groups. Treatment with leptin peptide resulted in decrease in the intra-testicular leptin levels with increased phosphorylation of Stat3, suggesting improved leptin resistance, which was positively associated with increased germ cell proliferation, elevated testosterone levels, and improved testicular histoarchitecture. Testicular hyperthermia may cause leptin resistance and impaired leptin signalling, decreased testosterone biosynthesis and suppressed spermatogenesis, which could be a manifestation of leptin resistance. Treatment with leptin peptide improves leptin signalling and testicular activity in heat-stressed mice, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malsawmhriatzuala Jeremy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India; Department of Zoology, Kutir Post Graduate College, Chakkey, Jaunpur, 222 146, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kharwar
- Department of Zoology, Kutir Post Graduate College, Chakkey, Jaunpur, 222 146, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
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Komninos D, Ramos L, van der Heijden GW, Morrison MC, Kleemann R, van Herwaarden AE, Kiliaan AJ, Arnoldussen IAC. High fat diet-induced obesity prolongs critical stages of the spermatogenic cycle in a Ldlr -/-.Leiden mouse model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:430. [PMID: 35017550 PMCID: PMC8752771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity can disturb spermatogenesis and subsequently affect male fertility and reproduction. In our study, we aim to elucidate at which cellular level of adult spermatogenesis the detrimental effects of obesity manifest. We induced high fat diet (HFD) obesity in low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out Leiden (Ldlr−/−.Leiden) mice, and studied the morphological structure of the testes and histologically examined the proportion of Sertoli cells, spermatocytes and spermatids in the seminiferous tubules. We examined sperm DNA damage and chromatin condensation and measured plasma levels of leptin, testosterone, cholesterol and triglycerides. HFD-induced obesity caused high plasma leptin and abnormal testosterone levels and induced an aberrant intra-tubular organisation (ITO) which is associated with an altered spermatids/spermatocytes ratio (2:1 instead of 3:1). Mice fed a HFD had a higher level of tubules in stages VII + VIII in the spermatogenic cycle. The stages VII + VII indicate crucial processes in spermatogenic development like initiation of meiosis, initiation of spermatid elongation, and release of fully matured spermatids. In conclusion, HFD-induced obese Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice develop an aberrant ITO and alterations in the spermatogenic cycle in crucial stages (stages VII and VII). Thereby, our findings stress the importance of lifestyle guidelines in infertility treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Komninos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L Ramos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G W van der Heijden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M C Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A E van Herwaarden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A J Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - I A C Arnoldussen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jeremy M, Gurusubramanian G, Roy VK, Kharwar RK. Co-treatment of testosterone and estrogen mitigates heat-induced testicular dysfunctions in a rat model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 214:106011. [PMID: 34688845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The two gonadal steroid hormones, testosterone and estrogen, regulate spermatogenesis by proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of testicular cells. It has been reported that heat stress or increased scrotal temperature impairs spermatogenesis in many mammals. Moreover, testicular heat stress has also been shown to suppress testosterone and estrogen biosynthesis. Furthermore, it is well known that testosterone and estrogen are important for testicular activity. Therefore, we hypothesised that exogenous testosterone and estrogen, alone or in combination, might alleviate the testicular activity in a heat-stressed rat model. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first report of the exogenous treatment of both testosterone and estrogen in the heat-stressed rat. Our results showed that a combined testosterone and estrogen treatment significantly increased sperm concentration. The histopathological analysis also exhibited a normal histoarchitecture in the combined treatment group along with decreased oxidative stress. The improved spermatogenesis in the combined treatment group was also supported by the increase in PCNA, GCNA, tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, and Johnsen score in the combined treatment group. Furthermore, the combined treatment also increased the expression of Bcl2, pStat3, and active caspase-3 and decreased expression of Bax. Thus, increased proliferation, apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers, along with improved histology in the combined treatment group suggest that estrogen and testosterone synergistically act to stimulate spermatogenesis by increasing proliferation and differentiation of germ cells and may also remove the heat-induced damaged germ cells by apoptosis. Overall, the final mechanism of testosterone- and estrogen-mediated improvement of testicular activity could be attributed to amelioration of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kharwar
- Department of Zoology, Kutir Post Graduate College, Chakkey, Jaunpur, 222 146, India.
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11
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Yu H, Yang J, Zhang Y, Fu H, Yan Z, Zhu Y. Vinclozolin-induced mouse penile malformation and "small testis" via miR132, miR195a together with the Hippo signaling pathway. Toxicology 2021; 460:152842. [PMID: 34182078 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vinclozolin (VCZ) is a fungicide with antiandrogen activity. Exposure to VCZ in maternal uterus may cause uterine, ovarian and testicular damage, hypospadias and prostate abnormality in the offspring. Hippo pathway, which is highly conservative and may be activated by miR132 and miR195a, can control organ size and tissue regeneration, and participate in injury and deformity. In the present study, VCZ was found to have caused penile malformation in the male offspring and also induced "small testis" when it was administered to the pregnant mice orally at a dose of 400 mg kg-1 day-1 on Days 12-18 of gestation. At 1, 3 and 7 weeks of age, VCZ could increase miR132, Mst1, Sav1, phosphorylated Yes-associated protein (pYap) and pLats, and decrease Yap in offspring penises and testes. Besides, it could also raise miR195a both in the testes of 1, 7-week and in the penises of all the three ages. In addition, we found the levels of some cyclin (Ccn) genes elevated in the testes, the expression of the androgen receptor (Ar) gene dereased and Jnks changed in the penises of offspring aged 1, 3 and 7 weeks. The results suggest that that gestational VCZ exposure could not only increase miR132 and miR195a in penises and testes of the offspring, but also activate Hippo pathway and down-regulate Ar. These may directly inhibit cell proliferation, accelerate cell death by up-regulating the expression of some Ccns, and ultimately lead to penile and testicular damage and malformations in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Yu
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, 410002, PR China
| | - Jinru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, PR China; Department of Sanitation Monitoring, Hanzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hanzhong City, 723000, PR China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Hu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Zhengli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Yongfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, PR China.
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12
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Alves-Silva T, Freitas GA, Húngaro TGR, Arruda AC, Oyama LM, Avellar MCW, Araujo RC. Interleukin-6 deficiency modulates testicular function by increasing the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11456. [PMID: 34075113 PMCID: PMC8169872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cytokines have been reported to participate in spermatogenesis, including interleukin-6 (IL6). However, not many studies have been conducted on the loss of Il6 on the male reproductive tract. Nonetheless, there is considerable knowledge regarding the pathological and physiological role of IL6 on spermatogenesis. In this way, this study evaluated the impact of Il6 deficiency on mice testicles in the absence of infection or inflammation. We showed that Il6 deficiency increases daily sperm production, the number of spermatids, and the testicular testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels. Besides that, mice with a deleted Il6 (IL6KO) showed increased testicular SOCS3 levels, with no changes in pJAK/JAK and pSTAT3/STAT3 ratios. It is worth noting that the aforementioned pathway is not the only pathway to up-regulate SOCS3, nor is it the only SOCS3 target, thus proposing that the increase of SOCS3 in the testis occurs independently of the JAK-STAT signaling in IL6KO mice. Therefore, we suggest that the lack of Il6 drives androgenic production by increasing SOCS3 in the testis, thus leading to an increase in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Alves-Silva
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Molecular Biology Program, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geanne Arantes Freitas
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Guerreiro Rodrigues Húngaro
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Nephrology Program, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cleis Arruda
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Nephrology Program, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Laboratory of Nutrition and Endocrine Physiology, Physiology Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Christina Werneck Avellar
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Molecular Biology Program, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Nephrology Program, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Haddad M, Esmail R, Khazali H. Reporting The Effects of Exposure to Monosodium Glutamate on The Regulatory Peptides of The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2021; 15:246-251. [PMID: 34913291 PMCID: PMC8530211 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2021.522615.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavour enhancer that is used as a food additive (E621) in many parts of the world, especially in East Asian countries. However, in recent studies, it has been used as a neurotoxin because MSG is reported to cause neural degeneration in the hypothalamic arcuate of neonatal animals. The results of several studies show the negative effects of MSG injections on different parts of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, in addition to its ability to inhibit secretion many reproductive neuropeptides, neurotrophic factors, and hormones, all of which play vital roles in the regulation of reproductive function. Oral administration or injection of large quantities of MSG into newborn animals results in a decrease in or overabundance of the production of many regulatory peptides of the male and female reproductive systems. In this review, we summarize the results of the most important studies that have examined the effect of oral consumption or injection of MSG on regulatory peptides of the HPG axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haddad
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rafat Esmail
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Homayoun Khazali
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran,Department of Animal Sciences and Marine BiologyFaculty
of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
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14
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Derkach KV, Bakhtyukov AA, Bayunova LV, Zorina II, Shpakov AO. Normalization of Testicular Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Male Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus under the Conditions of Metformin Therapy. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2020; 493:110-113. [PMID: 32894423 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496620040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men is steroidogenic and spermatogenic dysfunctions. There is evidence of a restoring effect of the antidiabetic drug metformin on them. We studied the effect of MF therapy (4 weeks, 200 mg/kg/day) on the hormonal parameters of the gonad axis and on the morphological characteristics of epididymal spermatozoa in male rats with a severe form of T2DM caused by a high-fat diet and a low-dose streptozotocin. It has been shown that MF therapy, along with the restoration of the metabolic parameters, normalizes the plasma levels of testosterone and leptin and the content of testosterone, its precursors, leptin and its receptors in the testes, and also increases sperm motility, which is reduced in T2DM. This is the result of both the systemic action of MF and its direct effect on testicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Derkach
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Bakhtyukov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L V Bayunova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I I Zorina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A O Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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15
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Li X, Xu A, Li K, Zhang J, Li Q, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Guo Y, Lin P, Huang L. CXCR4-SF1 bifunctional adipose-derived stem cells benefit for the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction-related diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4633-4645. [PMID: 32181567 PMCID: PMC7176872 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a candidate method for the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction-related diseases. However, there are still many problems that limit its clinical application. Here, we report the establishment of CXCR4-SF1 bifunctional adipose-derived stem cells (CXCR4-SF1-ADSCs) and their reparative effect on Leydig cell dysfunction. CD29+ CD44+ CD34- CD45- ADSCs were isolated from adipose tissue and purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Infection with lentiviruses carrying the CXCR4 and SF1 genes was applied to construct CXCR4-SF1-ADSCs. The CXCR4-SF1-ADSCs exhibited enhanced migration and had the ability to differentiate into Leydig-like cells in vitro. Furthermore, the bifunctional ADSCs were injected into BPA-mediated Leydig cell damage model mice via the tail vein. We found that the CXCR4-SF1-ADSCs were capable of homing to the injured testes, differentiating into Leydig-like cells and repairing the deficiency in reproductive function caused by Leydig cell dysfunction. Moreover, we investigated the mechanism underlying SF1-mediated differentiation and testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells, and the B-box and SPRY Domain Containing Protein (BSPRY) gene was proposed to be involved in this process. This study provides insight into the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Li
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Li
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lugang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Deshpande SS, Nemani H, Pothani S, Balasinor NH. Altered endocrine, cytokine signaling and oxidative stress: A plausible reason for differential changes in testicular cells in diet-induced and genetically-inherited - obesity in adult rats. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:303-308. [PMID: 31272928 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is emerging as a potential risk factor for male infertility. It is a multifactorial disorder with primarily genetic and/or environmental factors. Our earlier studies have shown differential effects of genetically inherited-and high fat diet induced-obesity on hormones, fertility and spermatogenesis in adult male rats. In the present study, we assessed the effect of high fat diet induced - and genetically inherited - obesity on the underlying molecular mechanisms affecting spermatogenesis. The expression of hormone receptors, cytokines and markers of oxidative stress as well as cell cycle mediators were affected in both the obese groups, however, the changes were different in the two groups. This could be due to difference in fat distribution between the two types of obese groups. Altered expression of hormone receptors, cytokines, cell cycle mediators and differential effects on oxidative stress could be the plausible reason for differential changes in germ cell population in both the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvari S Deshpande
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Harishankar Nemani
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences (NCLAS), National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania PO Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Suresh Pothani
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences (NCLAS), National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania PO Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Nafisa H Balasinor
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
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Deshpande SS, Nemani H, Pothani S, Khambata K, Kumar A, Kallamadi PR, Balasinor NH. Genetically Inherited Obesity and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Differentially Alter Spermatogenesis in Adult Male Rats. Endocrinology 2019; 160:220-234. [PMID: 30496384 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder with predominantly genetic and/or environmental causes. Our aim was to delineate effects of genetically inherited and high-fat diet-induced obesity on fertility and spermatogenesis using two Wistar rat models: genetically inherited obese (GIO) WNIN/Ob rats and diet-induced obese (DIO) rats, which received a high-fat diet. The terminal body weights were similar in both groups, but there was a significant difference in metabolic and hormone profiles between the groups. Fertility assessment revealed a significant decrease in the litter size due to increased pre- and postimplantation loss in the DIO group, whereas the rats in the GIO group were infertile due to lack of libido. Significantly decreased sperm counts were observed in the GIO group compared with the DIO group. Enumeration of testicular cells on the basis of ploidy and cell type-specific expression markers, to study the effect of obesity on spermatogenesis, demonstrated that the GIO and DIO states affected mitosis: spermatogonia and S-phase population were increased. However, distinctive effects were observed on meiosis and spermiogenesis in both the groups. Differential effects of GIO and DIO on fertility and spermatogenesis could be due to the significant difference in white adipose tissue accumulation between the groups and not due to high body weights. The differential effects of obesity suggest male obesity-induced infertility observed in humans could be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvari S Deshpande
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Harishankar Nemani
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh Pothani
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kushaan Khambata
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Anita Kumar
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Prathap Reddy Kallamadi
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nafisa H Balasinor
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
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18
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Insights into leptin signaling and male reproductive health: the missing link between overweight and subfertility? Biochem J 2018; 475:3535-3560. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity stands as one of the greatest healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Obesity in reproductive-age men is ever more frequent and is reaching upsetting levels. At the same time, fertility has taken an inverse direction and is decreasing, leading to an increased demand for fertility treatments. In half of infertile couples, there is a male factor alone or combined with a female factor. Furthermore, male fertility parameters such as sperm count and concentration went on a downward spiral during the last few decades and are now approaching the minimum levels established to achieve successful fertilization. Hence, the hypothesis that obesity and deleterious effects in male reproductive health, as reflected in deterioration of sperm parameters, are somehow related is tempting. Most often, overweight and obese individuals present leptin levels directly proportional to the increased fat mass. Leptin, besides the well-described central hypothalamic effects, also acts in several peripheral organs, including the testes, thus highlighting a possible regulatory role in male reproductive function. In the last years, research focusing on leptin effects in male reproductive function has unveiled additional roles and molecular mechanisms of action for this hormone at the testicular level. Herein, we summarize the novel molecular signals linking metabolism and male reproductive function with a focus on leptin signaling, mitochondria and relevant pathways for the nutritional support of spermatogenesis.
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19
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Hassani-Bafrani H, Najaran H, Razi M, Rashtbari H. Berberine ameliorates experimental varicocele-induced damages at testis and sperm levels; evidences for oxidative stress and inflammation. Andrologia 2018; 51:e13179. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hassani-Bafrani
- Gametogenesis Research Center; Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center; Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
| | - Hamed Najaran
- Gametogenesis Research Center; Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center; Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Science, Comparative Histology and Embryology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Urmia University; Urmia Iran
| | - Hamid Rashtbari
- Gametogenesis Research Center; Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center; Kashan University of Medical Sciences; Kashan Iran
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20
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Navya H, Yajurvedi HN. Obesity causes weight increases in prepubertal and pubertal male offspring and is related to changes in spermatogenesis and sperm production in rats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:815-823. [PMID: 26876883 DOI: 10.1071/rd15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of obesity on testicular activity in prepubertal and pubertal rats was investigated in the present study. Obesity was induced in adult females by feeding a high-calorie diet (HCD). These females were mated with normal males and were fed an HCD during pregnancy and lactation. The male offspring born to obese mothers and fed an HCD after weaning were found to be obese. Seminiferous tubules of offspring from control mothers (OCM) and offspring from HCD-fed mothers (OHCDM) had the same set of germ cells at different age intervals, namely spermatogonia, leptotene spermatocytes, zygotene spermatocytes, pachytene spermatocytes and round and elongated spermatids on postnatal days (PND) 7, 13, 17, 24 and 36, and on the day of preputial separation, respectively. However, there was a significant decrease in round and elongated spermatids and the epididymal sperm count, coupled with a significant decrease in testosterone and an increase in leptin serum concentrations in OHCDM compared with OCM. These results show that obesity in prepubertal rats does not affect the age-dependent appearance of germ cells according to developmental hierarchy, but it does interfere with spermatid formation, resulting in a reduced sperm count, which may be due to a deficiency of testosterone mediated by hyperleptinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Navya
- Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India
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21
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Wang X, Zhang X, Hu L, Li H. Exogenous leptin affects sperm parameters and impairs blood testis barrier integrity in adult male mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:55. [PMID: 29855380 PMCID: PMC5984414 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum leptin levels are augmented in obese infertile men and in men with azoospermia. They also correlate inversely with sperm concentration, motility and normal forms. The mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of excess leptin on male reproductive function remain unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous leptin on sperm parameters in mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We treated normal adult male mice with saline, 0.1, 0.5 or 3 mg/kg leptin daily for 2 weeks. After treatment, serum leptin levels, serum testosterone levels, sperm parameters and testicular cell apoptosis were evaluated. Blood testis barrier integrity and the expression of tight junction-associated proteins in testes were also assessed. We further verified the direct effects of leptin on tight junction-associated proteins in Sertoli cells and the possible leptin signaling pathways involved in this process. RESULTS After treatment, there were no significant differences in body weights, reproductive organ weights, serum leptin levels and serum testosterone levels between leptin-treated mice and control mice. Administration of 3 mg/kg leptin reduced sperm concentration, motility and progressive motility while increasing the percentage of abnormal sperm and testicular cell apoptosis. Mice treated with 3 mg/kg leptin also had impaired blood testis barrier integrity, which was related to decreased tight junction-associated proteins in testes. Leptin directly reduced tight junction-associated proteins in Sertoli cells, JAK2/STAT, PI3K and ERK pathways were suggested to be involved in this process. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous leptin negatively affects sperm parameters and impairs blood testis barrier integrity in mice. Leptin reduced tight junction-associated proteins in Sertoli cells, indicating that leptin has a direct role in impairing blood testis barrier integrity. Given the function of blood testis barrier in maintaining normal spermatogenesis, leptin-induced blood testis barrier impairment may be one of the mechanisms contributing to male subfertility and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- grid.412719.8Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Lian Hu
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Honggang Li
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
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22
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Zhao J, Ren S, Liu C, Huo L, Liu Z, Zhai L. Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Increases Obesity-Induced Damage to the Male Reproductive System in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1861984. [PMID: 29887939 PMCID: PMC5985081 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1861984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and obesity on male reproductive organ function in male mice and the potential mechanism of male secondary hypogonadism (SH) in such mice. METHODS 140 mice were assigned to six groups for 12 weeks: normal, DEHP, DIO, DIO + DEHP low, DIO + DEHP middle, and DIO + DEHP high. The effects of DEHP and obesity upon the reproductive organs were determined by measuring sperm count and motility, relative testis and epididymis weight, hormone level, and pathological changes. Oxidative stress was evaluated by determining malondialdehyde, T-AOC, SOD, GSH, H2O2, CAT, and GSH-PX in testicular tissues. Nrf2 and Keap1 protein were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS DEHP and obesity reduced sperm count and motility, relative testis and epididymis weight, and testosterone level but increased the levels of MDA, H2O2, leptin, and estradiol. Pathological injury was observed in the testicular Leydig cells. Moreover, the activity of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px enzymes was inhibited. Nrf2 protein expression was reduced but that of Keap1 was increased. CONCLUSIONS DEHP and obesity jointly caused damage to male productive function. Oxidative stress in testicular tissue, and a high level of leptin, may provide some evidence to clarify the mechanisms of male SH with DEHP and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shi Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Liaoning Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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Pedroso JAB, de Mendonca POR, Fortes MAS, Tomaz I, Pecorali VL, Auricino TB, Costa IC, Lima LB, Furigo IC, Bueno DN, Ramos-Lobo AM, Lotfi CFP, Donato J. SOCS3 expression in SF1 cells regulates adrenal differentiation and exercise performance. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:207-222. [PMID: 28899903 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many hormones/cytokines are secreted in response to exercise and cytokine signaling may play a pivotal role in the training adaptations. To investigate the importance of cytokine signaling during vertical ladder climbing, a resistance exercise model, we produced mice lacking SOCS3 protein exclusively in steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1) cells (SF1 Socs3 KO mice). SF1 expression is found in steroidogenic cells of the adrenal cortex and gonads, as well as in neurons of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Histological markers of the fetal adrenal zone (or X-zone in rodents) were still present in adult males and postpartum SF1 Socs3 KO females, suggesting a previously unrecognized effect of SOCS3 on the terminal differentiation of the adrenal gland. This change led to a distinct distribution of lipid droplets along the adrenal cortex. Under basal conditions, adult SF1 Socs3 KO mice exhibited similar adrenal weight, and plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations. Nonetheless, SF1 Socs3 KO mice exhibited a blunted ACTH-induced corticosterone secretion. The overall metabolic responses induced by resistance training remained unaffected in SF1 Socs3 KO mice, including changes in body adiposity, glucose tolerance and energy expenditure. However, training performance and glucose control during intense resistance exercise were impaired in SF1 Socs3 KO mice. Furthermore, a reduced counter-regulatory response to 2-deoxy-d-glucose was observed in mutant mice. These findings revealed a novel participation of SOCS3 regulating several endocrine and metabolic aspects. Therefore, cytokine signaling in SF1 cells exerts an important role to sustain training performance possibly by promoting the necessary metabolic adjustments during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A B Pedroso
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro O R de Mendonca
- Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A S Fortes
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Tomaz
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Pecorali
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais B Auricino
- Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ismael C Costa
- Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro B Lima
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora C Furigo
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora N Bueno
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela M Ramos-Lobo
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudimara F P Lotfi
- Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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A high-fat diet impairs reproduction by decreasing the IL1β level in mice treated at immature stage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:567. [PMID: 28373640 PMCID: PMC5428732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes low-grade inflammation that is involved in male infertility. Interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) plays an important role in this process. A high-fat diet (HFD) is the most common cause of obesity. However, the effect of a HFD on IL1β and its consequence in reproduction remain unclear. We established a HFD model in mice treated at immature stage (mice-TIS) and mice treated at mature stage (mice-TMS). Surprisingly, we found that a HFD decreased IL1β levels and was accompanied by an increase in testosterone in mice-TIS, while the reverse results were observed in mice-TMS. In addition, a HFD caused a reduction in testis macrophages and in the expression of inflammasome-related genes and proteins in mice-TIS. Furthermore, we found that IL1β inhibited testosterone secretion through down-regulating the gene expression of P450SCC and P450c17. However, the influence on mice-TIS that were induced by a HFD was recovered by stopping the HFD. In this study, we are the first to report that a HFD impairs the reproductive system by decreasing IL1β and enhancing testosterone levels in mice-TIS, which are different from the effects in mice-TMS. This provides new ideas for the treatment of obesity-induced infertility.
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Identification of g.170G>A and g.332G>A mutations in exon 3 of leptin gene (B cn l and C ai l) and their association with semen quality and testicular dimensions in Sanjabi rams. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 179:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Loss of PI3K p110 α in the Adipose Tissue Results in Infertility and Delayed Puberty Onset in Male Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3756089. [PMID: 28357399 PMCID: PMC5357525 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3756089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deletion of PI3K catalytic subunit p110α in adipose tissue (aP2-Cre/p110αflx/flx, α−/− hereafter) results in increased adiposity, glucose intolerance, and liver steatosis. Because this endocrine organ releases hormones like leptin, which are important in reproductive physiology, we investigated the reproductive phenotype of α−/− males. Compared to controls, α−/− males displayed delayed onset of puberty accompanied by a reduction in plasma LH levels and testicular weight. At postnatal day 30, α−/− mice exhibited normal body weight but elevated fasted plasma leptin levels. Testicular leptin gene expression was increased, whereas expression of the cholesterol transporter StAR and of P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme was decreased. Adult α−/− males were infertile and exhibited hyperandrogenemia with normal basal LH, FSH, and estradiol levels. However, neither sperm counts nor sperm motility was different between genotypes. The mRNA levels of leptin and of 17-beta-dehydrogenase 3, and enzyme important for testosterone production, were significantly higher in the testis of adult α−/− males. The mRNA levels of ERα, an important regulator of intratesticular steroidogenesis, were lower in the testis of adult and peripubertal α−/− males. We propose that chronic hyperleptinemia contributes to the negative impact that disrupting PI3K signaling in adipocytes has on puberty onset, steroidogenesis, and fertility in males.
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Yi X, Gao H, Chen D, Tang D, Huang W, Li T, Ma T, Chang B. Effects of obesity and exercise on testicular leptin signal transduction and testosterone biosynthesis in male mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R501-R510. [PMID: 28100475 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00405.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To explore the role of the testicular leptin and JAK-STAT[leptin (LEP)-JAK-STAT] pathway in testosterone biosynthesis during juvenile stages and exercise for weight loss, male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal-diet and high-fat diet groups. After 10 wk, mice in the high-fat diet-fed group were further divided randomly into obese control, obese moderate-volume exercise, and obese high-volume exercise groups. Mice in the obese moderate-volume exercise group were provided with 2 h/day, 6 days/wk swimming exercise for 8 wk, and mice in the obese high-volume exercise group underwent twice the amount of daily exercise intervention as the obese moderate-volume exercise group. The results showed that a high-fat diet causes obesity, leptin resistance, inhibition of the testicular LEP-JAK-STAT pathway, decreased mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic factor-1, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and the P-450 side-chain cleavage enzyme, a decrease in the serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratio, and declines in sperm quality parameters. Both moderate and high-volume exercise were able to reduce body fat and increase the mRNA and protein expression of LEP-JAK-STAT, but only moderate exercise significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic factor-1, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and P-450 side-chain cleavage enzyme and significantly reversed the serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratio and sperm quality parameters. These findings suggest that by impairing the testicular LEP-JAK-STAT pathway, early-stage obesity inhibits the biosynthesis of testosterone and sexual development and reduces male reproductive potential. Long-term moderate and high-volume exercise can effectively reduce body fat and improve obesity-induced abnormalities in testicular leptin signal transduction, whereas only moderate-volume exercise can reverse the negative impacts of obesity on male reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Yi
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haining Gao
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dequan Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China; and
| | - Donghui Tang
- PE College of Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanting Huang
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tie Ma
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Chang
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China;
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Aiceles V, Gombar F, da Fonte Ramos C. Hormonal and testicular changes in rats submitted to congenital hypothyroidism in early life. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:65-73. [PMID: 27793676 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of hypothyroidism induced by MMI, during gestation (G) or gestation plus lactation (GL) on testis and its relation with leptin in rats. Six to eight pups were killed at 90 days of age. For statistical analysis One-way ANOVA followed by the Holm-Sìdak post hoc test was used. Hypothyroidism resulted in a significant reduction in LH, FSH and testosterone and an increase in leptin serum levels (p < 0.04). There was a significant decrease in StAR, AR, FSHR, LHR, pSTAT3 and SOCS3 (p < 0.04) protein expression and in the fertility parameters (p < 0.04). We can conclude that hypothyroidism is associated with reduction of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis leading to a low fertility potential in these animals. This outcome could be a consequence of low pituitary stimulus and testicular response and probably are not related with leptin hormone since its signaling pathway is down-regulated in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Aiceles
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Gombar
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane da Fonte Ramos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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29
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Aiceles V, da Fonte Ramos C. A link between hypothyroidism, obesity and male reproduction. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 25:5-13. [PMID: 26953711 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the serum levels of thyroid hormones are below that necessary to carry out physiological functions in the body. Hypothyroidism is related to obesity as an increase in body weight gain is seen in hypothyroid patients. Moreover, an inverse correlation between free thyroxine values and body mass index has been reported. Leptin, a polypeptide hormone produced by adipocytes, was originally thought to be an antiobesity hormone due its anorexic effects on hypothalamic appetite regulation. However, nowadays it is known that leptin conveys information about the nutritional status to the brain being considered a crucial endocrine factor for regulating several physiological processes including reproduction. Since the identification of thyroid hormone and leptin receptors on the testes, these hormones are being recognized as having important roles in male reproductive functions. A clear link exists among thyroid hormones, leptin and reproduction. Both hormones can negatively affect spermatogenesis and consequently may cause male infertility. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the overall prevalence of primary infertility ranging from 8 to 15%. The fact that 30% of couples' inability to conceive is related to a male factor and that the longer hypothyroidism persisted, the greater the damage to the testes, strongly suggest that more studies attempting to clarify both hormones actions directly in the testes need to be conducted specially in cases of congenital hypothyroidism. Therefore, the goal of this review is to highlight the relationship of such hormones in the reproductive system.
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Hodžić A, Ristanović M, Zorn B, Tulić C, Maver A, Novaković I, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Peterlin B. Genetic variation in leptin and leptin receptor genes as a risk factor for idiopathic male infertility. Andrology 2016; 5:70-74. [PMID: 27813378 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether there is an association among genetic variability in leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes and male infertility. We performed a case-control study and were searching for an association between polymorphisms of LEP and LEPR genes and male infertility. The study group consisted of 317 patients with idiopathic infertility and a control group of 241 fertile men from Slovenia. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LEP gene and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LEPR gene were chosen and genotyped. Statistically significant SNP was further validated in additional 255 infertile patients and 168 controls from Serbia and Macedonia. In the Slovenian population, we found a statistically significant difference in genotype distribution for rs10244329 polymorphism in LEP gene (recessive genotype model, p value = 0.048). The trend toward statistically significant difference in genotype distribution for rs10244329 polymorphism was confirmed in the Serbian and Macedonian populations (p value = 0.07). Our data suggest that genetic variability in the LEP gene might be associated with male infertility warranting further confirmation and mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hodžić
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Ristanović
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Zorn
- Andrology Unit, Reproductive Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - C Tulić
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Maver
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Novaković
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov" Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - B Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Pinto-Fochi ME, Pytlowanciv EZ, Reame V, Rafacho A, Ribeiro DL, Taboga SR, Góes RM. A high-fat diet fed during different periods of life impairs steroidogenesis of rat Leydig cells. Reproduction 2016; 152:795-808. [PMID: 27679864 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) during different stages of rat life, associated or not with maternal obesity, on the content of sex steroid hormones and morphophysiology of Leydig cells. The following periods of development were examined: gestation (O1), gestation and lactation (O2), from weaning to adulthood (O3), from lactation to adulthood (O4), gestation to adulthood (O5), and after sexual maturation (O6). The HFD contained 20% unsaturated fat, whereas the control diet had 4% fat. Maternal obesity was induced by feeding HFD 15 weeks before mating. All HFD groups presented increased body weight, hyperinsulinemia and reduced insulin sensitivity. Except for O1, all HFD groups exhibited a higher adiposity index, hyperleptinemia, reduced testosterone and estradiol testicular levels, and decreased testicular 17β-HSD enzyme . Morphometrical analyses indicated atrophy of Leydig cells in the O2 group. Myelin vesicles were observed in the mitochondrial matrix of Leydig cells in O3, O4, O5 and O6, and autophagosomes containing mitochondria were found in O5 and O6. In conclusion, HFD feeding, before or after sexual maturation, reduces the functional capacity of rat Leydig cells. Maternal obesity associated with HFD during pregnancy/lactation prejudices Leydig cell steroidogenesis and induces its atrophy in adulthood, even if it is replaced by a conventional diet at later stages of life. Regardless of the life period of exposure to HFD, deregulation of leptin is the main factor related to steroidogenic impairment of Leydig cells, and, in groups exposed for longer periods (O3, O4, O5 and O6), this is worsened by structural damage and mitochondrial degeneration of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Etelvina Pinto-Fochi
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloísa Zanin Pytlowanciv
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional BiologyInstitute of Biology, State University of Campinas, IB/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Reame
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological SciencesFederal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Department of Histology- ICBIMFederal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional BiologyInstitute of Biology, State University of Campinas, IB/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil .,Department of Structural and Functional BiologyInstitute of Biology, State University of Campinas, IB/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Mu Y, Yan WJ, Yin TL, Yang J. Curcumin ameliorates high‑fat diet‑induced spermatogenesis dysfunction. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3588-94. [PMID: 27600729 PMCID: PMC5042768 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a type of natural active ingredient, is derived from rhizoma of Curcuma, which possesses antioxidant, antitumorigenic and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study aimed to investigate whether treatment with curcumin reduced high-fat diet (HFD)-induced spermatogenesis dysfunction. Sprague-Dawley rats fed a HFD were treated with or without curcumin for 8 weeks. The testis/body weight, histological analysis and serum hormone levels were used to evaluate the effects of curcumin treatment on spermatogenesis dysfunction induced by the HFD. In addition, the expression levels of apoptosis associated proteins, Fas, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-xl, Bcl-associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved-caspase 3, were determined in the testis. The results of the present study suggested that curcumin treatment attenuated decreased testis/body weight and abnormal hormone levels. Morphological changes induced by a HFD were characterized as atrophied seminiferous tubules, decreased spermatogenetic cells and interstitial cells were improved by curcumin treatment. In addition, curcumin treatment reduced apoptosis in the testis, and decreased expression of Fas, Bax and cleaved-caspase 3, as well as increased expression of Bcl-xl. In conclusion, the present study revealed that curcumin treatment reduced HFD-induced spermatogenesis dysfunction in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Yan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Tai-Lang Yin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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33
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IL-6 mediates differentiation disorder during spermatogenesis in obesity-associated inflammation by affecting the expression of Zfp637 through the SOCS3/STAT3 pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28012. [PMID: 27329259 PMCID: PMC4916425 DOI: 10.1038/srep28012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zfp637 is a recently identified zinc finger protein, and its functions remain largely unknown. Here, we innovatively demonstrate the effects of Zfp637 on the differentiation of mouse spermatogonia and on its downstream target gene SOX2 in vitro. Obesity has been recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to decreased sexual function and sexual development disorders. We observed higher levels of IL-6 in serum and testis homogenates from obese mice compared with control mice. We also demonstrated that high levels of IL-6 inhibited Zfp637 expression, and we elucidated the underlying mechanisms. SOCS3 overexpression and STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor (AG490) were used to investigate the function of the SOCS3/STAT3 pathway during this process. Our results showed that exposure of mouse spermatogonial cells to high levels of IL-6 inhibited Zfp637 expression by increasing SOCS3 expression and inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3, further reducing cellular differentiation. Consistent with the in vitro results, we observed increasing expression levels of SOCS3 and SOX2, but a reduction of Zfp637 expression, in obese mouse testes. In conclusion, Zfp637 plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis by downregulating SOX2 expression, and IL-6 can decrease the expression of Zfp637 through the SOCS3/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Hoffmann A, Manjowk GM, Wagner IV, Klöting N, Ebert T, Jessnitzer B, Lössner U, Stukenborg JB, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Söder O, Svechnikov K, Fasshauer M, Kralisch S. Leptin Within the Subphysiological to Physiological Range Dose Dependently Improves Male Reproductive Function in an Obesity Mouse Model. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2461-8. [PMID: 27105383 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has recently been linked with reduced fertility, and the mechanisms underpinning this effect are currently unknown. The adipokine leptin is dysregulated in obesity and affects reproductive tracts; therefore, we investigated the dose-dependent effects of leptin on Leydig cell function and spermatogenesis. Eight-week-old leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) male mice were treated with subphysiological (0.1- or 0.5-mg/kg body weight [BW]/d) or physiological (3.0-mg/kg BW/d) doses of leptin or saline for 12 weeks (chronic treatment) or 72 hours (acute treatment). We then evaluated male reproductive function markers. Mean testis weight increased significantly in the 0.1- and 3.0-mg/kg BW/d groups compared with saline controls (both P < .05). Intratesticular testosterone levels relative to testis weight significantly increased in the 0.5-mg/kg BW/d group compared with saline controls (P < .05). FSH levels increased in a dose-dependent manner with leptin treatment, whereas LH levels did not change. Leptin treatment significantly up-regulated both mRNA and protein expression of the steroidogenic enzyme cytochrome P450 17A1. Spermatogenesis improved in leptin-treated animals. Significantly more seminiferous tubules were observed in stages I-VIII (P < .01), and there were fewer abnormal seminiferous tubule structures (P < .01). Acute treatment with physiological leptin doses partially improved male reproductive markers without changing BW. Administration of subphysiological to physiological doses of leptin improves Leydig cell function and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Hoffmann
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gloria-Maria Manjowk
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabel Viola Wagner
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nora Klöting
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beate Jessnitzer
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Lössner
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Bernd Stukenborg
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Svechnikov
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan Kralisch
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology (A.H., G.-M.M., T.E., B.J., U.L., M.B., M.S., M.F., S.K.), University of Leipzig, and Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases (I.V.W., N.K., T.E., U.L., M.F., S.K.), Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (I.V.W., J.-B.S., O.S., K.S.), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Xie R, Lin X, Du T, Xu K, Shen H, Wei F, Hao W, Lin T, Lin X, Qin Y, Wang H, Chen L, Yang S, Yang J, Rong X, Yao K, Xiao D, Jia J, Sun Y. Targeted Disruption of miR-17-92 Impairs Mouse Spermatogenesis by Activating mTOR Signaling Pathway. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2713. [PMID: 26886608 PMCID: PMC4998608 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The miR-17-92 cluster and its 6 different mature microRNAs, including miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-19b-1, and miR-92a, play important roles in embryo development, immune system, kidney and heart development, adipose differentiation, aging, and tumorigenicity. Currently, increasing evidence indicates that some members of miR-17-92 cluster may be critical players in spermatogenesis, including miR-17, miR-18a, and miR-20a. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of miR-17-92 in spermatogenesis remain largely unknown. Our results showed that the targeted disruption of miR-17-92 in the testes of adult mice resulted in severe testicular atrophy, empty seminiferous tubules, and depressed sperm production. This phenotype is partly because of the reduced number of spermatogonia and spermatogonial stem cells, and the significantly increased germ cell apoptosis in the testes of miR-17-92-deficient mice. In addition, overactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim, Stat3, c-Kit, and Socs3 were also observed in miR-17-92-deficient mouse testes, which might be, at least partially if not all, responsible for the aforementioned phenotypic changes in mutant testes. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-17-92 is essential for normal spermatogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoying Xie
- From the Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University (RX, XL, HS, FW, WH, TL, XL, YQ, HW, LC, SY, JY, KY, DX, JJ); Institute of Comparative Medicine and Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University (RX, DX); Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University (YS); Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University (TD); Department of General Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (KX); Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou (RX); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (KX); Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University (XR); and Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (FW)
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Esmaili-Nejad MR, Babaei H, Kheirandish R. The effects of long-term leptin administration on morphometrical changes of mice testicular tissue. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:1176-82. [PMID: 26877846 PMCID: PMC4744356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leptin is a novel and interesting hormone for anyone trying to lose weight, but its effects on male gonad structure in longitudinal study is unknown. The present study was designed to explore morphometrical changes of mouse testicular tissue after long-term administration of leptin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty healthy mature male mice were randomly assigned to either control (n=15) or treatment (n=15) groups. Leptin was intraperitoneally injected to the treatment group (0.1 µg/100 µl of physiological saline) once a day for 30 consecutive days, and control animals received normal saline with the same volume and route. Five mice from each experimental group were sacrificed at 15, 30 and 60 days after the beginning of treatments. Left testes were removed, weighted and then fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosine for morphometrical assays. RESULTS Except for sertoli cell nucleus diameter, which was affected from 30(th) day, evaluation of other morphometrical parameters such as Johnsen's score, meiotic index, spermatogenesis, epithelial height, seminiferous tubules diameter and spermatogonial nucleus diameter revealed significant decrease from 15(th) day after leptin administration compare to those of the control group (P<0.05). Thus, meiotic index and spermatogonial cell nucleus diameter were two parameters that were further disturbed on 30(th) day compare to the day 15 (3.09±0.03 vs. 3.23±0.03, P=0.006 and 5.50±0.09 vs. 6.08±0.14, P=0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results showed that long-term administration of leptin could disturb testicular tissue structure and delay spermatogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Homayoon Babaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran,Corresponding author: Homayoon Babaei. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Tel: +98-341-3202918; Fax: +98-341-3222047;
| | - Reza Kheirandish
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Bekaert M, Van Nieuwenhove Y, Calders P, Cuvelier CA, Batens AH, Kaufman JM, Ouwens DM, Ruige JB. Determinants of testosterone levels in human male obesity. Endocrine 2015; 50:202-11. [PMID: 25771885 PMCID: PMC4546699 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone (T) levels are decreased in obese men, but the underlying causes are incompletely understood. Our objective was to explore the relation between low (free) T levels and male obesity, by evaluating metabolic parameters, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) aromatase expression, and parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. We recruited 57 morbidly obese men [33 had type 2 diabetes (DM2)] and 25 normal-weight men undergoing abdominal surgery. Fourteen obese men also attended a follow-up, 2 years after gastric bypass surgery (GBS). Circulating T levels were quantified by LC-MS/MS, whereas free T levels were measured using serum equilibrium dialysis and sex hormone-binding globulin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone by immunoassay. SAT biopsies were used to determine adipocyte cell size and aromatase expression by real-time PCR. Total and free T levels were decreased in obese males versus controls, with a further decrease in obese men with DM2 versus obese men without DM2. There were no differences in aromatase expression among the study groups, and sex steroids did not correlate with aromatase expression. Pearson analysis revealed an inverse association between (free) T and SAT cell size, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR. Multivariate analysis confirmed the inverse association between (free) T and SAT cell size (β = -0.321, P = 0.037 and β = -0.441, P = 0.011, respectively), independent of age, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, obesity, or diabetes. T levels were normalized 2 years after GBS. These data suggest that SAT cell size rather than SAT aromatase expression or parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is related to low T in male obesity, which points to adipose cell size-related metabolic changes as a major trigger in decreased T levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Bekaert
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Building 6 K12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium,
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Naifar M, Rekik N, Messedi M, Chaabouni K, Lahiani A, Turki M, Abid M, Ayedi F, Jamoussi K. Male hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome. Andrologia 2014; 47:579-86. [PMID: 25040289 DOI: 10.1111/and.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of androgens in cardiovascular disease is still controversial in men. In this study, we investigated metabolic disorders in Tunisian hypogonadal men compared with healthy controls. Forty hypogonadal men and 80 control subjects were enrolled. Patients with a history of pre-existing panhypopituitarism, thyroid dysfunction or inflammatory disease were excluded. Glycaemia, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), lipid profile, insulin, testosterone and gonadotrophins were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed by homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (Homa IR). Waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure were significantly higher in patients compared with controls. Glycemia, HbA1c, fasting serum insulin and Homa IR were significantly increased among hypogonadal men. In univariate analysis, testosterone levels were inversely correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, glycaemia, HbA1C, insulin, Homa IR and hsCRP. In multivariate analysis including all significant variables, initial testosterone level was the only independent risk factor for developing dyslipidaemia. With logistic regression, male hypogonadism was an independent risk factor for MS (P < 0.001). We conclude that low testosterone level plays a central role in the development of metabolic syndrome. Further prospective data are required to establish the causative link.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Naifar
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia; Research Unit, Molecular Basis of Human Disease, Sfax Medicine College, Sfax, Tunisia
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Ramos CF, Zamoner A. Thyroid hormone and leptin in the testis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:198. [PMID: 25505448 PMCID: PMC4243692 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is primarily expressed in white adipose tissue; however, it is expressed in the hypothalamus and reproductive tissues as well. Leptin acts by activating the leptin receptors (Ob-Rs). Additionally, the regulation of several neuroendocrine and reproductive functions, including the inhibition of glucocorticoids and enhancement of thyroxine and sex hormone concentrations in human beings and mice are leptin functions. It has been suggested that thyroid hormones (TH) could directly regulate leptin expression. Additionally, hypothyroidism compromises the intracellular integration of leptin signaling specifically in the arcuate nucleus. Two TH receptor isoforms are expressed in the testis, TRa and TRb, with TRa being the predominant one that is present in all stages of development. The effects of TH involve the proliferation and differentiation of Sertoli and Leydig cells during development, spermatogenesis, and steroidogenesis. In this context, TH disorders are associated with sexual dysfunction. An endocrine and/or direct paracrine effect of leptin on the gonads inhibits testosterone production in Leydig cells. Further studies are necessary to clarify the effects of both hormones in the testis during hypothyroidism. The goal of this review is to highlight the current knowledge regarding leptin and TH in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Fonte Ramos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cristiane Fonte Ramos, Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doença Cardiovascular, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil e-mail:
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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