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Omolaoye TS, Cyril AC, Radhakrishnan R, Rawat SS, Karuvantevida N, du Plessis SS. The Effect of Statins on Male Reproductive Parameters: A Mechanism Involving Dysregulation of Gonadal Hormone Receptors and TRPV1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119221. [PMID: 37298172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins have been shown to cause diverse male reproductive function impairment, and in some cases, orchialgia. Therefore, the current study investigated the possible mechanisms through which statins may alter male reproductive parameters. Thirty adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were divided into three groups. The animals were orally administered rosuvastatin (50 mg/kg), simvastatin (50 mg/kg), or 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose (control), for a 30-day period. Spermatozoa were retrieved from the caudal epididymis for sperm analysis. The testis was used for all biochemical assays and immunofluorescent localization of biomarkers of interest. Rosuvastatin-treated animals presented with a significant decrease in sperm concentration when compared to both the control and simvastatin groups (p < 0.005). While no significant difference was observed between the simvastatin and the control group. The Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and whole testicular tissue homogenate expressed transcripts of solute carrier organic anion transporters (SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3). There was a significant decrease in the testicular protein expression of the luteinizing hormone receptor, follicle stimulating hormone receptor, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in the rosuvastatin and simvastatin-treated animals compared to the control. The expression of SLCO1B1, SLCO1B2, and SLCO1B3 in the different spermatogenic cells portray that un-bio transformed statin can be transported into the testicular microenvironment, which can subsequently alter the regulation of the gonadal hormone receptors, dysregulate pain-inflammatory biomarkers, and consequently impair sperm concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo S Omolaoye
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asha C Cyril
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajan Radhakrishnan
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Surendra Singh Rawat
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noushad Karuvantevida
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan S du Plessis
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
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Salerno G, Borro M, Visco V, Olana S, Gargano F, Raffa S, Zamponi V, Mancini C, Faggiano A, Simmaco M, Mazzilli R. The Impact of Non-Andrological Medications on Semen Characteristics, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Parameters. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050903. [PMID: 37241135 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of medications on oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers and semen characteristics in males with idiopathic infertility. Materials and Methods: In this observational case-control clinical study, 50 men with idiopathic infertility were enrolled, of whom 38 (the study group) were on pharmacological treatment and 12 made up the control group. The study group was clustered according to the medications (Group A: anti-hypertensive, n = 10; Group B: thyroxine, n = 6; Group C: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, n = 13; Group D: miscellaneous, n = 6; Group E: lipid-lowering drugs, n = 4). Semen analyses were performed according to WHO 2010 guidelines. Interleukins (IL)-10, IL-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 alpha were determined using a solid-phase sandwich immunoassay. The diacron reactive oxygen metabolites, d-ROMs test, was performed by means of a colorimetric determination of reactive oxygen metabolites and measured with a spectrophotometer. Beta-2-microglobulin and cystatin-C were measured with an immunoturbidimetric analyzer. Results: No differences between the study and control groups for age and macroscopic and microscopic semen characteristics were found, nor were any differences found after clustering according to the drug categories. IL-1 alpha and IL-10 were significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group; IL-10 was significantly lower in groups A, B, C and D compared with the control group. Furthermore, a direct correlation between IL-1 alpha, IL-10 and TNF-alpha and leukocytes was found. Conclusions: Despite the sample size limitations, the data suggest a correlation between drug use and activation of the inflammatory response. This could clarify the pathogenic mechanism of action for several pharmacological classes on male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Salerno
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Borro
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Visco
- Medical Genetics and Advanced Cellular Diagnostics Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital & Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Soraya Olana
- Unit of Andrology and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gargano
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Raffa
- Medical Genetics and Advanced Cellular Diagnostics Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital & Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Zamponi
- Unit of Andrology and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Mancini
- Unit of Andrology and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Unit of Andrology and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Mazzilli
- Unit of Andrology and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
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3
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The Association Between Lipid Serum and Semen Parameters: a Systematic Review. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:761-771. [PMID: 35902546 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased lipid levels sometimes not only affect sexual function but also are considered to harm semen quality. It is often a suspicion that elevated lipids are a factor in infertility. We conduct a systematic review. Articles that met the criteria were identified according to The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of recommendations in the PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, Web of Science Wiley Online, Springer Link, Scopus, and Science Direct databases with no time restriction for publication. Seven studies are eligible for qualitative analysis from nine studies that have the potential to be assessed. These studies measure the correlation of serum lipids (VLDL, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, phospholipids, free fatty acids) with semen parameters (concentration, motility, morphology, DNA fragmentation index). Although not all studies consistently report that lipids impact semen quality, this review suspects that lipids have a significant impact on sperm quality. This study implies that it is necessary to maintain lipid levels to maintain sperm quality and quality of life. However, further investigation with an observational cohort study design needs to be carried out to assess the effect of lipids on semen quality more precisely for the promotion of reproductive health care.
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Omolaoye TS, Halabi MO, Mubarak M, Cyril AC, Duvuru R, Radhakrishnan R, Du Plessis SS. Statins and Male Fertility: Is There a Cause for Concern? TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10100627. [PMID: 36287907 PMCID: PMC9607778 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The well-known 3-hydroxyl 3-methyl glutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, called statins, have been the main medication used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and some cases of cardiovascular diseases. The effectiveness of this drug in controlling cholesterol production is impeccable, however, patients often complain of a variety of side effects, such as myalgia, muscle atrophy, and in some cases, rhabdomyolysis. Not only has the use of statins caused the aforementioned side effects, but they are also shown to cause testicular discomfort, erectile dysfunction, altered semen parameters, and modified steroid hormone production. These reported adverse effects on male fertility are not generally agreed upon, as some have shown the use to be beneficial. Hence, this makes the aftermath effect of statin use on male fertility debatable and controversial. The negative effects have been associated with imbalanced or reduced steroid hormones, which are necessary for proper spermatogenesis and other sexual functions. Meanwhile, the beneficial effects are related to statin's anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. These contradictory findings are in part due to the different age of users, concentrations of statins, the type and duration of treatment, and the underlying disease and/or comorbidities. Therefore, the current study aims to analyze the literature and gather evidence as to the effects of statin on male sexual health and reproductive parameters, and subsequently give recommendations for the direction of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo S. Omolaoye
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; +971-56-345-7628
| | - Mouhammad Omar Halabi
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland-Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Maitha Mubarak
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asha Caroline Cyril
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruthwik Duvuru
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajan Radhakrishnan
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan S. Du Plessis
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town P.O. Box 7505, South Africa
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Salvio G, Ciarloni A, Cutini M, delli Muti N, Finocchi F, Perrone M, Rossi S, Balercia G. Metabolic Syndrome and Male Fertility: Beyond Heart Consequences of a Complex Cardiometabolic Endocrinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105497. [PMID: 35628307 PMCID: PMC9143238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent condition among adult males, affecting up to 41% of men in Europe. It is characterized by the association of obesity, hypertension, and atherogenic dyslipidemia, which lead to premature morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Male infertility is another common condition which accounts for about 50% of cases of couple infertility worldwide. Interestingly, male infertility and MetS shares several risk factors (e.g., smoking, ageing, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption), leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased oxidative stress (OS), and resulting in endothelial dysfunction and altered semen quality. Thus, the present narrative review aims to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms which link male infertility and MetS and to investigate the latest available evidence on the reproductive consequences of MetS.
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Vollmer T, Stegmayr B. Establishing Cell Models to Understand Cellular Toxicity: Lessons Learned from an Unconventional Cell Type. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010054. [PMID: 35051031 PMCID: PMC8779380 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The syndrome of uremic toxicity comprises a complex toxic milieu in-vivo, as numerous uremic substances accumulate and harm the organ systems. Among these substances, toxic and non-toxic players differently interfere with human cells. However, results from animal experiments are not always compatible with the expected reactions in human patients and studies on one organ system are limited in capturing the complexity of the uremic situation. In this narrative review, we present aspects relevant for cellular toxicity research based on our previous establishment of a human spermatozoa-based cell model, as follows: (i) applicability to compare the effects of more than 100 uremic substances, (ii) detection of the protective effects of uremic substances by the cellular responses towards the uremic milieu, (iii) inclusion of the drug milieu for cellular function, and (iv) transferability for clinical application, e.g., hemodialysis. Our technique allows the estimation of cell viability, vitality, and physiological state, not only restricted to acute or chronic kidney toxicity but also for other conditions, such as intoxications of unknown substances. The cellular models can clarify molecular mechanisms of action of toxins related to human physiology and therapy. Identification of uremic toxins retained during acute and chronic kidney injury enables further research on the removal or degradation of such products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Vollmer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernd Stegmayr
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden;
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Pons-Rejraji H, Vorilhon S, Difrane A, Dollet S, Bourgne C, Berger M, Chaput L, Pereira B, Bouche C, Drevet JR, Brugnon F. Beneficial effects of hypotaurine supplementation in preparation and freezing media on human sperm cryo-capacitation and DNA quality. Basic Clin Androl 2021; 31:26. [PMID: 34732137 PMCID: PMC8567682 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-021-00144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although widely used, slow freezing considerably modifies the functions of human spermatozoa. Cryopreservation induces nuclear sperm alterations and cryo-capacitation, reducing the chances of pregnancy. Hypotaurine is naturally present in the male and female genital tracts and has capacitating, osmolytic and anti-oxidant properties. The analysis were performed on surplus semen of men with normal (n = 19) or abnormal (n = 14) sperm parameters. Spermatozoa were selected by density gradient centrifugation before slow freezing. For each sample, these steps were performed in parallel with ("H+" arm) or without ("H-" arm) hypotaurine supplementation. After thawing, we measured total and progressive mobility, vitality, acrosome integrity, markers of capacitation signaling pathway and nuclear quality. For the latter, we focused on sperm chromatin packaging, DNA fragmentation and the presence of vacuoles in the sperm nucleus. RESULTS Post-thaw spermatozoa selected and frozen in the presence of hypotaurine had a higher vitality (+ 16.7%, p < 0.001), progressive and total motility (+ 39.9% and + 21.6% respectively, p < 0.005) than spermatozoa from the control "H-" arm. Hypotaurine also reduced the non-specific phosphorylation of the capacitation protein markers P110 and P80 (p < 0.01), indicating a decrease in cryo-capacitation. Hypotaurine supplementation reduced chromatin decondensation, measured by chromomycin A3 (- 16.1%, p < 0.05), DNA fragmentation (- 18.7%, p < 0.05) and nuclear vacuolization (- 20.8%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study is the first to demonstrate beneficial effects of hypotaurine supplementation in preparation and freezing procedures on human spermatozoa sperm fertilization capacity and nucleus quality. Hypotaurine supplementation limited cryo-capacitation, increased the proportion of live and progressively motile spermatozoa and reduces the percentage of spermatozoa showing chromatin decondensation, DNA fragmentation and nuclear vacuolation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial, NCT04011813 . Registered 19 May 2019 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Pons-Rejraji
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation - CECOS, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM 1240, IMoST, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Solène Vorilhon
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation - CECOS, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Asmaa Difrane
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation - CECOS, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sandra Dollet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM 1240, IMoST, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Bourgne
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marc Berger
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laure Chaput
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation - CECOS, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM 1240, IMoST, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, DRCI, Biostatistics Unit 'Délégation Recherche Clinique et Innovation', Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyril Bouche
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation - CECOS, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joël R Drevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, INSERM U1103, GReD, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Brugnon
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation - CECOS, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM 1240, IMoST, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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8
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Anagnostis P, Papanikolaou D, Ioannidou PG, Bosdou JK, Mikhailidis DP, Hatzimouratidis K, Goulis DG. The effect of statins on semen parameters in patients with hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review. Andrology 2021; 9:1504-1511. [PMID: 33998174 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins constitute the mainstay of treatment in patients with hypercholesterolemia. However, their effect on semen parameters is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review the best available evidence regarding the effect of statins on ejaculate volume and sperm concentration, motility, morphology, or vitality. MATERIALS/METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL and Scopus databases up to January 10, 2021. Either randomized-controlled trials or prospective cohorts, conducted in males with hypercholesterolemia, were included. RESULTS Four studies, published between 1992 and 2014, were eligible. The number of participants ranged from 8 to 120 (n = 161). Study duration ranged from 14 to 48 weeks. The type and dose of statin used were pravastatin 20-80 mg/day and simvastatin 20-40 mg/day. With regard to ejaculate volume (n = 3) and sperm concentration (n = 4), no effect was shown with either pravastatin or simvastatin. Regarding sperm motility, either an increase (n = 2; pravastatin, simvastatin), decrease (n = 1; pravastatin), or no effect (n = 1; pravastatin, simvastatin) was found. With respect to sperm morphology, either a decrease (n = 2; pravastatin, simvastatin) or no effect (n = 2; pravastatin, simvastatin) was shown. Concerning sperm vitality, a single study showed a decrease with simvastatin. Because of the high heterogeneity of the populations studied and the limited number of studies, a meta-analysis was not performed. CONCLUSION This is the first systematic review on the effect of statins on semen parameters. As there is no evidence for such a detrimental effect, no specific approach has to be suggested regarding the preservation of reproductive function in men with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papanikolaou
- 2nd Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pinelopi G Ioannidou
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julia K Bosdou
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are one of the most prescribed classes of drugs worldwide. Atorvastatin, the most prescribed statin, is currently used to treat conditions such as hypercholesterolaemia and dyslipidaemia. By reducing the level of cholesterol, which is the precursor of the steroidogenesis pathway, atorvastatin may cause a reduction in levels of testosterone and other androgens. Testosterone and other androgens play important roles in biological functions. A potential reduction in androgen levels, caused by atorvastatin might cause negative effects in most settings. In contrast, in the setting of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), reducing excessive levels of androgens with atorvastatin could be beneficial. OBJECTIVES Primary objective To quantify the magnitude of the effect of atorvastatin on total testosterone in both males and females, compared to placebo or no treatment. Secondary objectives To quantify the magnitude of the effects of atorvastatin on free testosterone, sex hormone binding globin (SHBG), androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) concentrations, free androgen index (FAI), and withdrawal due to adverse effects (WDAEs) in both males and females, compared to placebo or no treatment. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane Hypertension Information Specialist searched the following databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to 9 November 2020: the Cochrane Hypertension Specialised Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE; Embase; ;two international trials registries, and the websites of the US Food and Drug Administration, the European Patent Office and the Pfizer pharmaceutical corporation. These searches had no language restrictions. We also contacted authors of relevant articles regarding further published and unpublished work. SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs of daily atorvastatin for at least three weeks, compared with placebo or no treatment, and assessing change in testosterone levels in males or females. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened the citations, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. We used the mean difference (MD) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) to report the effect size of continuous outcomes,and the risk ratio (RR) to report effect sizes of the sole dichotomous outcome (WDAEs). We used a fixed-effect meta-analytic model to combine effect estimates across studies, and risk ratio to report effect size of the dichotomous outcomes. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included six RCTs involving 265 participants who completed the study and their data was reported. Participants in two of the studies were male with normal lipid profile or mild dyslipidaemia (N = 140); the mean age of participants was 68 years. Participants in four of the studies were female with PCOS (N = 125); the mean age of participants was 32 years. We found no significant difference in testosterone levels in males between atorvastatin and placebo, MD -0.20 nmol/L (95% CI -0.77 to 0.37). In females, atorvastatin may reduce total testosterone by -0.27 nmol/L (95% CI -0.50 to -0.04), FAI by -2.59 nmol/L (95% CI -3.62 to -1.57), androstenedione by -1.37 nmol/L (95% CI -2.26 to -0.49), and DHEAS by -0.63 μmol/l (95% CI -1.12 to -0.15). Furthermore, compared to placebo, atorvastatin increased SHBG concentrations in females by 3.11 nmol/L (95% CI 0.23 to 5.99). We identified no studies in healthy females (i.e. females with normal testosterone levels) or children (under age 18). Importantly, no study reported on free testosterone levels. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no significant difference between atorvastatin and placebo on the levels of total testosterone in males. In females with PCOS, atorvastatin lowered the total testosterone, FAI, androstenedione, and DHEAS. The certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low for both comparisons. More RCTs studying the effect of atorvastatin on testosterone are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ismail Shawish
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bahador Bagheri
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Vijaya M Musini
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen P Adams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - James M Wright
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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10
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Abdulwahab DK, Ibrahim WW, Abd El-Aal RA, Abdel-Latif HA, Abdelkader NF. Grape seed extract improved the fertility-enhancing effect of atorvastatin in high-fat diet-induced testicular injury in rats: involvement of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 73:366-376. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Reduced male fertility is highly prevalent with hypercholesterolaemia. Though statins are drugs of choice for hypercholesterolaemia, their effect on male fertility is still controversial and dose-dependent. Grape seed extract (GSE) possess hypocholesterolemic and testicular protective effects. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose atorvastatin (ATV) on male infertility in hypercholesterolaemic rats and assess the additional value of combining ATV with GSE.
Methods
Male rats were randomized into four groups. The normal group was fed a standard diet. The remaining groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 1 month to induce hypercholesterolaemia. Two HFD groups were administered either ATV (1 mg/kg) alone or combined with GSE (200 mg/kg) orally for 65 days, while the third group served as HFD control.
Key findings
Treatment with ATV or ATV/GSE attenuated dyslipidemia-induced alteration in serum HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol. ATV enhanced serum testosterone, sperm count and motility and fertility index. The effect on testosterone and sperm count was more pronounced by ATV/GSE. Moreover, ATV reduced testicular malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, caspase-9 and caspase-3 while elevated reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase along with catalase activity. Noteworthy, GSE/ATV induced more powerful antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.
Conclusion
GSE enhanced ATV’s protective effect against hypercholesterolaemia-induced infertility via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia K Abdulwahab
- Department of Toxicology and Developmental Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Weam W Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania A Abd El-Aal
- Department of Toxicology and Developmental Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hekma A Abdel-Latif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Esmail M, Kandeil M, El-Zanaty AM, Abdel-Gabbar M. The ameliorative effect of atorvastatin on serum testosterone and testicular oxidant/antioxidant system of HFD-fed male albino rats. F1000Res 2020; 9:1300. [PMID: 33628436 PMCID: PMC7876586 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25926.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a mutual effect between central obesity and low total serum testosterone. Moreover, oxidative stress acts as a bridge between obesity and its complications. Taken together, we aimed to evaluate whether atorvastatin (AS), a cholesterol-lowering drug, has protective potential against high fat diet (HFD)-induced low fertility, which was exemplified in serum testosterone determination. Moreover, we aimed to deduce a putative mechanism of action through evaluation of the testicular oxidant/antioxidant system. Methods: Adult male albino Wistar rats ( Rattus norvegicus albinus) were divided into three groups: 1) normal control group, rats were fed a normal diet for four weeks; 2) HFD group, rats were fed an HFD for four weeks; and 3) AS group, rats were fed an HFD and 5 mg/kg/day atorvastatin for the last two weeks of the experiment. Serum atherogenic index, testosterone, and thyroid stimulating hormone were estimated. Moreover, testicular reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde contents, as well as glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase activities were also determined. The statistical differences were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: AS ameliorated the increased level of serum atherogenic index induced by an HFD, as well as testicular malonaldehyde and reduced glutathione levels. On the other hand, AS increased the depleted level and activity of serum testosterone and testicular glutathione reductase, respectively, induced by HFD. Conclusion: The ameliorative effect of AS on the deteriorated level of total serum testosterone induced by HFD might partially be due to oxidant/antioxidant disturbance. Further studies should be carried out to evaluate mTOR pathway contribution, which could enable researchers to deduce drugs targeting members of the oxidant/antioxidant system and/or mTOR pathway to ameliorate putative HFD-induced low fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Esmail
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Kandeil
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ali Mahmoud El-Zanaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdel-Gabbar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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12
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Mestres S, Pons-Rejraji H, Pereira B, Bouche C, Vega A, Chaput L, Vorilhon S, Janny L, Brugnon F. Sperm cryostorage in a dry tank: An accurate alternative. Cryobiology 2020; 94:32-39. [PMID: 32389625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This prospective study aimed to determine the effects of dry nitrogen cryostorage on human sperm characteristics in comparison with liquid nitrogen cryostorage. For this purpose, 42 men undergoing routine semen analysis (21 normozoospermia and 21 with altered semen parameters) were analyzed. After slow freezing, half of the straws of each sample were randomly stored in liquid and dry tanks, at the top and bottom levels of the latter. After 6 months storage, thawed samples were treated by density gradient centrifugation and sperm characteristics were compared. There was no difference in sperm progressive motility (15.1% ± 14.2% vs. 15.1% ± 12.7%; p = 0.76), sperm vitality (25.5% ± 17.7% vs. 26.2% ± 19%; p = 0.71), percentages of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa (38% ± 8.5% vs. 38.5% ± 7.4%; p = 0.53) and DNA fragmentation spermatozoa (27.3% ± 12.4% vs. 28.5% ± 12.9%, p = 0.47) after cryostorage in the dry or the liquid nitrogen tank. Moreover, we did not observe differences between either cryostorage system for normal and altered sperm samples. This lack of difference was also observed whatever the floor level of cryostorage in the dry tank. The temperature measurement of the dry tank showed a stable temperature at -194 °C throughout storage whatever the storage floor level, guaranteeing the stability of the low temperatures suitable for human sperm storage. Because of its greater safety, dry storage without contact with the liquid phase should be preferred and can be a useful alternative for the cryostorage of human sperm samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Mestres
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, CECOS, 1 Place Aubrac, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Hanae Pons-Rejraji
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, CECOS, 1 Place Aubrac, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, IMoST, INSERM 1240, Faculté de Médecine, Place Henri Dunant, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, DRCI, Délégation Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Biostatistics, Place Henri Dunant, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Cyril Bouche
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, CECOS, 1 Place Aubrac, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Aurélie Vega
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, CECOS, 1 Place Aubrac, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Laure Chaput
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, CECOS, 1 Place Aubrac, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Solène Vorilhon
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, CECOS, 1 Place Aubrac, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Laurent Janny
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, CECOS, 1 Place Aubrac, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Florence Brugnon
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, CHU Estaing, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, CECOS, 1 Place Aubrac, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, IMoST, INSERM 1240, Faculté de Médecine, Place Henri Dunant, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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13
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Banihani SA. Effect of statin on semen quality characteristics. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13592. [PMID: 32293050 DOI: 10.1111/and.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are lipid-lowering medications widely used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Biochemically, they act by decreasing synthesis of cholesterol via inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Since 1992, various research studies have investigated the effect of statins on semen quality characteristics; however, to date, there is no collective summary to such effect. Here, we have systematically discussed and abridged all research studies published in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases that are directly linking statin to semen fertility characteristics using the keywords "statin" versus "sperm" and "semen". In summary, considering the animal studies, statins, in general, were found to ameliorate semen quality characteristics in reproductive detrimental conditions, while, in human males or in in vivo systems with normal reproductive conditions, in general, statins showed negative to blunt effects against semen quality characteristics, mainly sperm motility. However, further research studies, in particular human studies, in this specific research setting is still needed to approve these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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14
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De La Cruz JA, Mihos CG, Horvath SA, Santana O. The Pleiotropic Effects of Statins in Endocrine Disorders. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:787-793. [PMID: 30924424 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190329115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 3-Hydroxy-3-MethylGlutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, better known as statins, are used extensively in the treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk reduction. They have also demonstrated a variety of non-lipid lowering, or pleiotropic effects. Pertaining to the endocrine system the benefits of statins can extend to patients with the polycystic ovarian syndrome and thyroid disease. However, there is also increasing evidence that statin use can lead to deleterious effects in different organs, including worsening glycemia and the development of diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to describe the most relevant and updated evidence regarding the pleiotropic effects of statins in endocrine disorders. METHODS We did a systematic review of scientific articles published in PubMed regarding the effects of statins on the different aspects of the endocrine system up until June 5th of 2018. RESULTS We identified preliminarily 61 publications, of which 4 were excluded due to having abstract format only, and 5 were excluded for not containing pertinent information to the study. CONCLUSION Several aspects of the endocrine system have been shown to be influenced by the pleiotropic effects that statins exert, however, the benefits of statins on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality largely outweigh this deleterious effect, and statin therapy should continue to be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A De La Cruz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States
| | - Christos G Mihos
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Heart Institute, Miami Beach, Florida, FL, United States
| | - Sofia A Horvath
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Heart Institute, Miami Beach, Florida, FL, United States
| | - Orlando Santana
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Heart Institute, Miami Beach, Florida, FL, United States
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15
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Ekerbicer N, Gurpinar T, Sisman AR, Guvendi G, Camsari UM, Uysal N. Statins reduce testicular and ocular VEGF: A potential compromise to microcirculation. Microvasc Res 2018; 119:60-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Ascorbic acid co-administered with rosuvastatin reduces reproductive impairment in the male offspring from male rats exposed to the statin at pre-puberty. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:416-429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Keihani S, Martin C, Craig JR, Zhang C, Presson AP, Myers JB, Aston KI, Emery BR, Carrell DT, Hotaling JM. Semen parameters are unaffected by statin use in men evaluated for infertility. Andrologia 2018; 50:e12995. [PMID: 29512172 DOI: 10.1111/and.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of statin use on conventional semen parameters in humans are largely unknown and have not been previously studied in subfertile men. We retrospectively reviewed data from 10,140 patients seen at our fertility clinic between 2002 and 2013 to assess the effects of statin use on semen parameters. Men who used any statins for >3 months before semen sample collection were included as cases. Data were gathered on patient age, medication use and conventional semen parameters. A total of 118 patients (126 samples) used statins for at least 3 months before semen sample collection. Data from 7698 patients (8,760 samples), who were not using any medications, were used as controls. In age-adjusted regression models, statin use was not associated with statistically significant changes in semen parameters. When used in combination with other nonspermatotoxic medications, it was associated with 0.3 ml decrease in semen volume (95% confidence interval: 0.02 to 0.58 ml, p-value = .04). In conclusion, statin use was not adversely associated with semen parameters other than semen volume in subfertile patients. These findings from our large-scale retrospective study suggest that there are no clinically relevant deleterious effects from statin use on conventional semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keihani
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - C Martin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J R Craig
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A P Presson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J B Myers
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K I Aston
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - B R Emery
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D T Carrell
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J M Hotaling
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Rayburn ER, Gao L, Ding J, Ding H, Shao J, Li H. FDA-approved drugs that are spermatotoxic in animals and the utility of animal testing for human risk prediction. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:191-212. [PMID: 29063992 PMCID: PMC5845034 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reviews FDA-approved drugs that negatively impact spermatozoa in animals, as well as how these findings reflect on observations in human male gametes. METHODS The FDA drug warning labels included in the DailyMed database and the peer-reviewed literature in the PubMed database were searched for information to identify single-ingredient, FDA-approved prescription drugs with spermatotoxic effects. RESULTS A total of 235 unique, single-ingredient, FDA-approved drugs reported to be spermatotoxic in animals were identified in the drug labels. Forty-nine of these had documented negative effects on humans in either the drug label or literature, while 31 had no effect or a positive impact on human sperm. For the other 155 drugs that were spermatotoxic in animals, no human data was available. CONCLUSION The current animal models are not very effective for predicting human spermatotoxicity, and there is limited information available about the impact of many drugs on human spermatozoa. New approaches should be designed that more accurately reflect the findings in men, including more studies on human sperm in vitro and studies using other systems (ex vivo tissue culture, xenograft models, in silico studies, etc.). In addition, the present data is often incomplete or reported in a manner that prevents interpretation of their clinical relevance. Changes should be made to the requirements for pre-clinical testing, drug surveillance, and the warning labels of drugs to ensure that the potential risks to human fertility are clearly indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Nantong Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nantong, 226018, China
| | - Jiayi Ding
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nantong, 226018, China
| | - Hongxia Ding
- Pharmacodia (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nantong, 226018, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Nantong Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nantong, 226018, China.
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nantong, 226018, China.
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Tilak A, Ommurugan B, Rao V, Bairy KL. Effect of Vitamin C and Atorvastatin on Male Fertility in Rats Subjected to Forced Swimming Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Vitamin C partially prevents reproductive damage in adult male rats exposed to rosuvastatin during prepuberty. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:272-283. [PMID: 28887090 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is closely associated with dyslipidemias and environmental factors, such as diet and lack of physical exercises, which may alter lipid profile in children. Rosuvastatin decreases serum total cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plays an important role on sperm integrity and fertility. Juvenile male rats were distributed into six experimental groups that received saline solution 0.9%, 3 or 10 mg/kg/day of rosuvastatin, 150 mg/day of ascorbic acid, or 3 or 10 mg/kg/day of rosuvastatin co-administered with 150 mg/day of ascorbic acid from PND23 until PND53 and then the rats were maintained until sexual maturity. Rosuvastatin-exposed groups showed lower sperm quality, androgen depletion and germ cell death. Ascorbic acid was capable to prevent partially the reproductive adverse effects provoked by rosuvastatin. In conclusion, prepubertal exposure to rosuvastatin provokes long-term reproductive damages at sexual maturity and ascorbic acid supplementation at prepuberty may be a preventive mode against these reproductive adverse effects.
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El-Sherbini ES, El-Sayed G, El Shotory R, Gheith N, Abou-Alsoud M, Harakeh SM, Karrouf GI. Ameliorative effects of l-carnitine on rats raised on a diet supplemented with lead acetate. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:1410-1417. [PMID: 28855839 PMCID: PMC5562480 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead intoxication has been a major health hazard in humans. It affects people at all ages. Its toxicity is associated with various organs of the body and affects different metabolic pathways. Based on histological data, l-carnitine reduced the severity of tissue damage produced as a result of exposure of rats to lead acetate. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the underlying mechanism of protection offered by l-carnitine against lead acetate intoxication using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each. The first group (G1) served as the control group and animals received standard diet only. The second group (G2) received lead acetate in their diet. The third group (G3) was the l-carnitine treated group and received the normal standard diet supplemented with l-carnitine. While the fourth group (G4) had a diet supplemented with both lead acetate and l-carnitine. At the end of each experiment, blood (serum and whole blood) were collected from each animal and analyzed for the following parameters: serum testosterone levels, serum nitric oxide and serum malondialdehyde. This is in addition to looking at the enzymatic activities of two important enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and on (glutathione reductase) which are indicative of the antioxidant activities in the whole blood. The results indicated that l-carnitine will counteract the undesirable effects of lead intoxication. It exerted its antioxidant potential by reducing the production of ROS and scavenging free radicals by maintaining and protecting the level of the of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and glutathione peroxidase. Conclusion:l-Carnitine may play an important role in reversing the undesirable effects of lead intoxication. Future studies should be conducted to see whether such an effect is applicable in humans exposed to lead poising.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Said El-Sherbini
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Gehad El-Sayed
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Rehab El Shotory
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Nervana Gheith
- Public Administration Departments, Faculty of Economic and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abou-Alsoud
- Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Mustapha Harakeh
- Special Infectious Agents Unit – King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80216, Jeddah 21589; Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal I. Karrouf
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Dakahlia, Egypt
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22
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Naeimi RA, Talebpour Amiri F, Khalatbary AR, Ghasemi A, Zargari M, Ghesemi M, Hosseinimehr SJ. Atorvastatin mitigates testicular injuries induced by ionizing radiation in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 72:115-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Palmsten K, Flores KF, Chambers CD, Weiss LA, Sundaram R, Buck Louis GM. Most Frequently Reported Prescription Medications and Supplements in Couples Planning Pregnancy: The LIFE Study. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:94-101. [PMID: 28401798 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117702249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify frequently reported prescription medications and supplements among couples planning pregnancy because there is a lack of descriptive information on these agents in women and men who are trying to conceive. METHODS Five hundred one couples enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Infertility and the Environment, which took place between 2005 and 2009. Participants reported prescription medications as well as prescription and over-the-counter supplements used through interviews at study enrollment and through daily dairies during the 12-month follow-up. We identified prescription medications and supplements prospectively reported by ≥1% of women and men at baseline and from daily journal information grouped into 3-month preconception follow-up intervals while couples tried for pregnancy. RESULTS The 5 most reported prescription medications among women were levothyroxine (5.8%), cetirizine (2.6%), fluticasone (2.4%), escitalopram (1.8%), and fluoxetine (1.8%) and for men were lisinopril (2.0%), mometasone (2.0%), fexofenadine (1.8%), atorvastatin (1.6%), and montelukast (1.6%). The most reported supplements were multivitamins (63.3%, 43.5%) and fish oil (13.2%, 9.4%) for women and men, respectively, and prenatal vitamins (22.0%) for women. For women during the first 3 months of follow-up, prenatal vitamins (6.0%) and antibiotics (1.2%-2.6%) were among the most frequently started medications. During the next 3 months, clomiphene (4.5%) was the most frequently initiated medication. CONCLUSIONS Couples trying for pregnancy reported a variety of prescription medications and supplements, and they differed by gender. Preconception guidance should address medication and supplement use to avoid potential exposures associated with adverse reproductive and perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Palmsten
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katrina F Flores
- 2 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christina D Chambers
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,2 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- 3 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- 4 Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- 4 Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD, USA
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Whitfield M, Pollet-Villard X, Levy R, Drevet JR, Saez F. Posttesticular sperm maturation, infertility, and hypercholesterolemia. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:742-8. [PMID: 26067871 PMCID: PMC4577583 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.155536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a key molecule in the mammalian physiology of especial particular importance for the reproductive system as it is the common precursor for steroid hormone synthesis. Cholesterol is also a recognized modulator of sperm functions, not only at the level of gametogenesis. Cholesterol homeostasis regulation is crucial for posttesticular sperm maturation, and imbalanced cholesterol levels may particularly affect these posttesticular events. Metabolic lipid disorders (dyslipidemia) affect male fertility but are most of the time studied from the angle of endocrine/testicular consequences. This review will focus on the deleterious effects of a particular dyslipidemia, i.e., hypercholesterolemia, on posttesticular maturation of mammalian spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joël R Drevet
- Team "Mechanisms of post testicular infertility", Génétique Reproduction et Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont Université, 24 Avenue des Landais, BP80026, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France
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25
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Prieto-Martínez N, Vilagran I, Morató R, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Yeste M, Bonet S. Aquaporins 7 and 11 in boar spermatozoa: detection, localisation and relationship with sperm quality. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:663-72. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane water channels that allow transport of water and small solutes across cell membranes. Although water permeability is known to play a critical role in mammalian cells, including spermatozoa, little is known about their localisation in boar spermatozoa. Two aquaporins, AQP7 and AQP11, in boar spermatozoa were identified by western blotting and localised through immunocytochemistry analyses. Western blot results showed that boar spermatozoa expressed AQP7 (25 kDa) and AQP11 (50 kDa). Immunocytochemistry analyses demonstrated that AQP7 was localised in the connecting piece of boar spermatozoa, while AQP11 was found in the head and mid-piece and diffuse labelling was also seen along the tail. Despite differences in AQP7 and AQP11 content between boar ejaculates, these differences were not found to be correlated with sperm quality in the case of AQP7. Conversely, AQP11 content showed a significant correlation (P < 0.05) with sperm membrane integrity and fluidity and sperm motility. In conclusion, boar spermatozoa express AQP7 and AQP11, and the amounts of AQP11 but not those of AQP7 are correlated with sperm motility and membrane integrity.
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26
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Marchiani S, Vignozzi L, Filippi S, Gurrieri B, Comeglio P, Morelli A, Danza G, Bartolucci G, Maggi M, Baldi E. Metabolic syndrome-associated sperm alterations in an experimental rabbit model: relation with metabolic profile, testis and epididymis gene expression and effect of tamoxifen treatment. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 401:12-24. [PMID: 25451982 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The influence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on sperm quality and function is debated. Using a well-established high fat diet (HFD) rabbit model resembling human MetS, including development of hypogonadism, we demonstrate that HFD decreased sperm motility, morphology and acrosome reaction in response to progesterone and increased sperm cholesterol content. All the above parameters were associated with most MetS features, its severity and plasma testosterone (T) at univariate analysis. After T adjustment, sperm morphology and motility retained a significant association, respectively, with mean arterial pressure and circulating cholesterol levels. MetS modified the expression of inflammatory and tissue remodelling genes in the testis and of aquaporins in the epididymis. In a multivariate analysis, sperm morphology resulted associated with testis expression of fibronectin and collagen type 1 genes, whereas motility with epididymis aquaporin 1 gene. Administration of tamoxifen, used in the treatment of idiopathic male infertility, to HFD rabbits partially restored motility, but further decreased morphology and increased spontaneous acrosome reaction, without restoring responsiveness to progesterone. Overall our results indicate that development of MetS produces detrimental effects on sperm quality and functionality by inducing metabolic disorders leading to alterations in testis and epididymis functions and evidence a role of hypertension as a new determinant of abnormal sperm morphology, in line with a previous human study from our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marchiani
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Filippi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Departments of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Bruna Gurrieri
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Comeglio
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annamaria Morelli
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Danza
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Baldi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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