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Liccardo D, Valletta A, Spagnuolo G, Vinciguerra C, Lauria MR, Perrotta A, Del Giudice C, De Luca F, Rengo G, Rengo S, Rengo C, Cannavo A. Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors induce toxic effects in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: GRK5 modulation as a protective strategy. J Biotechnol 2024; 393:7-16. [PMID: 39033880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PDS) is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by a dysbiosis of oral pathogenic bacterial species, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). These bacteria can penetrate the bloodstream, releasing various endo and exotoxins that fuel the infection, and stimulate toxic inflammation in different compartments, including the brain. However, the specific mechanisms by which PDS/Pg contribute to brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), remain unclear. This study assessed the effects of Pg's virulence factors - lipopolysaccharide (LPS-Pg) and gingipains (gps) K (Kgp) and Rgp - on SH-SY5Y cells. Our results demonstrated that LPS-Pg activated signaling through the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/4 induced a significant downregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5). Additionally, LPS-Pg stimulation resulted in a robust increase in Tau phosphorylation (pTau) and p53 levels, while causing a marked reduction in Bcl2 and increased cell death compared to unstimulated cells (Ns). LPS-Pg also elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, leading to oxidative damage. In cells overexpressing GRK5 via Adenovirus, LPS-Pg failed to increase iNOS and pTau levels compared to GFP control cells. High GRK5 levels also prevented the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Furthermore, the overexpression of a GRK5 mutant form lacking the nuclear localization signal (ΔNLS) nearly abolished LPS-Pg induced p53 and iNOS upregulation. Finally, we tested whether Kgp and Rgp mediated similar effects and our data showed that both gps caused a marked downregulation of GRK5 leading to increased p53 and pTau levels. In conclusion, this study provides further insight into the toxic effects elicited by Pg in cells and suggests that preventing GRK5 deficiency may be a valid strategy to mitigate Pg-induced toxic effects (i.e. cell death, oxidative damage, and Tau hyperphosphorylation) in SH-SY5Y cells, which are typical molecular hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valletta
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Caterina Vinciguerra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Lauria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alessia Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carmela Del Giudice
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesca De Luca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS - Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Sandro Rengo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carlo Rengo
- Dental School of Periodontology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80127, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
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Pasha A, Tondo A, Favre C, Calvani M. Inside the Biology of the β3-Adrenoceptor. Biomolecules 2024; 14:159. [PMID: 38397396 PMCID: PMC10887351 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the first discovery in 1989, the β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) has gained great attention because it showed the ability to regulate many physiologic and metabolic activities, such as thermogenesis and lipolysis in brown and white adipose tissue, respectively (BAT, WAT), negative inotropic effects in cardiomyocytes, and relaxation of the blood vessels and the urinary bladder. The β3-AR has been suggested as a potential target for cancer treatment, both in adult and pediatric tumors, since under hypoxia its upregulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) regulates stromal cell differentiation, tumor growth and metastases, signifying that its agonism/antagonism could be useful for clinical benefits. Promising results in cancer research have proposed the β3-AR being targeted for the treatment of many conditions, with some drugs, at present, undergoing phase II and III clinical trials. In this review, we report the scientific journey followed by the research from the β3-Ars' discovery, with focus on the β3-Ars' role in cancer initiation and progression that elects it an intriguing target for novel antineoplastic approaches. The overview highlights the great potential of the β3-AR, both in physiologic and pathologic conditions, with the intention to display the possible benefits of β3-AR modulation in cancer reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amada Pasha
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tondo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Maura Calvani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology–Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
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Dhalla NS, Bhullar SK, Adameova A, Mota KO, de Vasconcelos CML. Status of β 1-Adrenoceptor Signal Transduction System in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:264. [PMID: 39076390 PMCID: PMC11270071 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2409264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Although β 1-adrenoceptor ( β 1-AR) signal transduction, which maintains cardiac function, is downregulated in failing hearts, the mechanisms for such a defect in heart failure are not fully understood. Since cardiac hypertrophy is invariably associated with heart failure, it is possible that the loss of β 1-AR mechanisms in failing heart occurs due to hypertrophic process. In this regard, we have reviewed the information from a rat model of adaptive cardiac hypertrophy and maladaptive hypertrophy at 4 and 24 weeks after inducing pressure overload as well as adaptive cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure at 4 and 24 weeks after inducing volume overload, respectively. Varying degrees of alterations in β 1-AR density as well as isoproterenol-induced increases in cardiac function, intracellular Ca 2 + -concentration in cardiomyocytes and adenylyl cyclase activity in crude membranes have been reported under these hypertrophic conditions. Adaptive hypertrophy at 4 weeks of pressure or volume overload showed unaltered or augmented increases in the activities of different components of β 1-AR signaling. On the other hand, maladaptive hypertrophy due to pressure overload and heart failure due to volume overload at 24 weeks revealed depressions in the activities of β 1-AR signal transduction pathway. These observations provide evidence that β 1-AR signal system is either unaltered or upregulated in adaptive cardiac hypertrophy and downregulated in maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure. Furthermore, the information presented in this article supports the concept that downregulation of β 1-AR mechanisms in heart failure or maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy is not due to hypertrophic process per se. It is suggested that a complex mechanism involving the autonomic imbalance may be of a critical importance in determining differential alterations in non-failing and failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Sukhwinder K. Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University and Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 811 03 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karina Oliveira Mota
- Heart Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, 73330 Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Carla Maria Lins de Vasconcelos
- Heart Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, 73330 Sergipe, Brazil
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Martinez JM, Shen A, Xu B, Jovanovic A, de Chabot J, Zhang J, Xiang YK. Arrestin-dependent nuclear export of phosphodiesterase 4D promotes GPCR-induced nuclear cAMP signaling required for learning and memory. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eade3380. [PMID: 36976866 PMCID: PMC10404024 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) promote the expression of immediate early genes required for learning and memory. Here, we showed that β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) stimulation induced the nuclear export of phosphodiesterase 4D5 (PDE4D5), an enzyme that degrades the second messenger cAMP, to enable memory consolidation. We demonstrated that the endocytosis of β2AR phosphorylated by GPCR kinases (GRKs) mediated arrestin3-dependent nuclear export of PDE4D5, which was critical for promoting nuclear cAMP signaling and gene expression in hippocampal neurons for memory consolidation. Inhibition of the arrestin3-PDE4D5 association prevented β2AR-induced nuclear cAMP signaling without affecting receptor endocytosis. Direct PDE4 inhibition rescued β2AR-induced nuclear cAMP signaling and ameliorated memory deficits in mice expressing a form of the β2AR that could not be phosphorylated by GRKs. These data reveal how β2AR phosphorylated by endosomal GRK promotes the nuclear export of PDE4D5, leading to nuclear cAMP signaling, changes in gene expression, and memory consolidation. This study also highlights the translocation of PDEs as a mechanism to promote cAMP signaling in specific subcellular locations downstream of GPCR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ao Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, 95655, USA
| | - Aleksandra Jovanovic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Josephine de Chabot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yang K. Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, 95655, USA
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Comparative Study of Elabela and Apelin on Apelin Receptor Activation Through β-Arrestin Recruitment. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:394-400. [PMID: 35960440 PMCID: PMC9935735 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Apelin receptor (APJ) ligands elabela (ELA) and apelin have divergent distributions and function differently in vitro and in vivo. Whether differences exist in their capacity of recruitment of β-arrestins (ARRBs) to APJ remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the different effects of ELA and apelin on the interaction between APJ and ARRBs in live cells by NanoBiT®. NanoBiT® system is a new technology for studying protein-protein interaction in real-time in live cells, based on the emission of luminescence when two split components of NanoLuc luciferase, large Bit (LgBit) and small Bit (SmBit), complement each other to form an enzymatically active entity. We tagged the APJ and ARRBs with LgBit or SmBit and then evaluated their interactions in transiently transfected HEK293T cells, and determined the signal strength yielded as a result of the interaction. We also investigated the concentration-dependent response of the APJ-ARRB interaction in response to ELA and apelin. Finally, we assessed the effect of F13A, an APJ antagonist which is structurally very similar to apelin-13, on ELA- and apelin-mediated APJ-ARRB interactions. The NanoLuc® luciferase signal was highest in the pair of APJ-LgBit with SmBit-ARRB1 or SmBit-ARRB2. NanoLuc® luciferase signal increased in a concentration-dependent manner from 0.1 nM to 10 μM in response to ELA or apelin. Interestingly, ELA elicited weaker APJ-ARRB interaction signals than apelin. Pre-treatment with F13A potently reduced the APJ-ARRB interaction in response to both ELA and apelin. Our results demonstrated that both ELA and apelin promoted the interaction of APJ and ARRBs in a concentration-dependent manner, and ELA is less efficacious than apelin in inducing the recruitment of ARRBs to APJ, providing a biased functional aspect of ELA vs. apelin at the receptor signaling level. Additionally, ELA and apelin may share the same binding site(s) or pocket(s) at the APJ level.
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Ferrero KM, Koch WJ. GRK2 in cardiovascular disease and its potential as a therapeutic target. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:14-23. [PMID: 35878706 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the leading cause of death globally. Despite major advances in the field of pharmacological CVD treatments, particularly in the field of heart failure (HF) research, case numbers and overall mortality remain high and have trended upwards over the last few years. Thus, identifying novel molecular targets for developing HF therapeutics remains a key research focus. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical myocardial signal transducers which regulate cardiac contractility, growth, adaptation and metabolism. Additionally, GPCR dysregulation underlies multiple models of cardiac pathology, and most pharmacological therapeutics currently used in HF target these receptors. Currently-approved treatments have improved patient outcomes, but therapies to stop or reverse HF are lacking. A recent focus on GPCR intracellular-regulating proteins such as GPCR kinases (GRKs) has uncovered GRK2 as a promising target for combating HF. Current literature strongly establishes increased levels and activity of GRK2 in multiple models of CVD. Additionally, the GRK2 interactome includes numerous proteins which interact with differential domains of GRK2 to modulate both beneficial and deleterious signaling pathways in the heart, indicating that these domains can be targeted with a high level of specificity unique to various cardiac pathologies. These data support the premise that GRK2 should be at the forefront of a novel investigative drug search. This perspective reviews cardiac GPCRs, describes the structure and functions of GRK2 in cardiac function and maladaptive pathology, and summarizes the ongoing and future research for targeting this critical kinase across cellular, animal and human models of cardiac dysfunction and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Ferrero
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Malavazos AE, Di Vincenzo A, Iacobellis G, Basilico S, Dubini C, Morricone L, Menicanti L, Luca T, Giordano A, Castorina S, Carruba M, Nisoli E, Del Prato S, Cinti S. The density of crown-like structures in epicardial adipose tissue could play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2905-2910. [PMID: 35678980 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The visceral fat of patients affected by abdominal obesity is inflamed, and the main histopathologic feature is the high density of crown-like structures (CLS). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral fat of paramount importance for its relationships with coronary vessels and myocardium. Its inflammation in patients with abdominal obesity could be of clinical relevance, but histopathological studies on CLS density in EAT are lacking. This study aimed to assess the histopathology of EAT biopsies obtained from patients undergoing open-heart surgery. METHODS We collected EAT biopsies from 10 patients undergoing open-heart surgery for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n = 5) or valvular replacement (VR) (n = 5). Biopsies were treated for light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. We quantify the CLS density in each EAT sample. RESULTS Despite all patients having abdominal obesity, in EAT samples, no CLS were detected in the VR group; in contrast, CLS were detected in the CABG group (about 17 CLS/104 adipocytes vs. 0.0 CLS/104 adipocytes, CABG vs. VR group, respectively). An impressive density of CLS (100 times that of other patients) was found in one patient (LS) in the CABG group that had a relevant anamnestic aspect: relatively rapid increase of weight gain, especially in abdominal adipose tissue, coincident with myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS CLS density could be an important predictive tool for cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, the LS case implies a role for timing in weight gain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE No level of evidence; this is a basic science study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Elias Malavazos
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Di Vincenzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10a, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Iacobellis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sara Basilico
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Carola Dubini
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Lelio Morricone
- Endocrinology Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Cardiovascular Prevention Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Menicanti
- Cardiac Surgery Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Tonia Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Mediterranean Foundation "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10a, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Mediterranean Foundation "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Carruba
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10a, Ancona, Italy.
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Borges JI, Ferraino KE, Cora N, Nagliya D, Suster MS, Carbone AM, Lymperopoulos A. Adrenal G Protein-Coupled Receptors and the Failing Heart: A Long-distance, Yet Intimate Affair. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:386-392. [PMID: 34983911 PMCID: PMC9294064 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Systolic heart failure (HF) is a chronic clinical syndrome characterized by the reduction in cardiac function and still remains the disease with the highest mortality worldwide. Despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatment, HF represents a severe clinical and social burden. Chronic human HF is characterized by several important neurohormonal perturbations, emanating from both the autonomic nervous system and the adrenal glands. Circulating catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) and aldosterone elevations are among the salient alterations that confer significant hormonal burden on the already compromised function of the failing heart. This is why sympatholytic treatments (such as β-blockers) and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, which block the effects of angiotensin II (AngII) and aldosterone on the failing heart, are part of the mainstay HF pharmacotherapy presently. The adrenal gland plays an important role in the modulation of cardiac neurohormonal stress because it is the source of almost all aldosterone, of all epinephrine, and of a significant amount of norepinephrine reaching the failing myocardium from the blood circulation. Synthesis and release of these hormones in the adrenals is tightly regulated by adrenal G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as adrenergic receptors and AngII receptors. In this review, we discuss important aspects of adrenal GPCR signaling and regulation, as they pertain to modulation of cardiac function in the context of chronic HF, by focusing on the 2 best studied adrenal GPCR types in that context, adrenergic receptors and AngII receptors (AT 1 Rs). Particular emphasis is given to findings from the past decade and a half that highlight the emerging roles of the GPCR-kinases and the β-arrestins in the adrenals, 2 protein families that regulate the signaling and functioning of GPCRs in all tissues, including the myocardium and the adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana I. Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Krysten E. Ferraino
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Deepika Nagliya
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Malka S. Suster
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Carbone
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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Liu Z, Li W, Cao Y, Zhang X, Yang K, Yin F, Yang M, Peng P. Effects of the interaction of Notch and TLR4 pathways on inflammation and heart function in septic heart. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:744-755. [PMID: 35891967 PMCID: PMC9281592 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of the interaction between the Notch and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways in septic myocardial injury. The sepsis model was induced in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats were divided into control, LPS, LPS + TAK242 ((6R)-6-[N-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate) and LPS + DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-s-phenylglycinetbutylester) groups. Heart function was evaluated with a Cardiac Doppler ultrasound. Myocardial morphological changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E). Apoptosis was assessed by a TUNEL assay. The mRNA and protein levels were detected with real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis. We found that heart function in the LPS + TAK242 group was significantly improved, but not in the LPS + DAPT group. LPS + TAK242 had a lower level of degeneration and necrosis of cardiomyocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as lower apoptosis and caspase-3 expression than the LPS group. Compared with the LPS group, the inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in the LPS + DAPT group, while the degeneration and necrosis of cardiomyocytes were not obviously improved. Additionally, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-6, the protein contents of Notch intracellular domain and Hes1, and the P65 nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) to P-P65 NF-κB ratio in LPS + TAK242 group and LPS + DAPT group were significantly lower than those in LPS group. Conclusively, the interaction between TLR4 and Notch signaling pathways enhances the inflammatory response in the septic heart by activating NF-κB. Blocking the TLR4 pathway with TAK242 can improve heart dysfunction and myocardial damage in sepsis, while blocking the Notch pathway with DAPT cannot effectively prevent heart dysfunction and myocardial damage in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Emergency Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fukang Yin
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
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Reversing Cardiac Hypertrophy at the Source Using a Cardiac Targeting Peptide Linked to miRNA106a: Targeting Genes That Cause Cardiac Hypertrophy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070871. [PMID: 35890169 PMCID: PMC9317130 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Causes and treatments for heart failure (HF) have been investigated for over a century culminating in data that have led to numerous pharmacological and surgical therapies. Unfortunately, to date, even with the most current treatments, HF remains a progressive disease with no therapies targeting the cardiomyocytes directly. Technological advances within the past two to three years have brought about new paradigms for treating many diseases that previously had been extremely difficult to resolve. One of these new paradigms has been a shift from pharmacological agents to antisense technology (e.g., microRNAs) to target the molecular underpinnings of pathological processes leading to disease onset. Although this paradigm shift may have been postulated over a decade ago, only within the past few years has it become feasible. Here, we show that miRNA106a targets genes that, when misregulated, have been shown to cause hypertrophy and eventual HF. The addition of miRNA106a suppresses misexpressed HF genes and reverses hypertrophy. Most importantly, using a cardiac targeting peptide reversibly linked to miRNA106a, we show delivery is specific to cardiomyocytes.
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Carbone AM, Borges JI, Suster MS, Sizova A, Cora N, Desimine VL, Lymperopoulos A. Regulator of G-Protein Signaling-4 Attenuates Cardiac Adverse Remodeling and Neuronal Norepinephrine Release-Promoting Free Fatty Acid Receptor FFAR3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5803. [PMID: 35628613 PMCID: PMC9147283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionic acid is a cell nutrient but also a stimulus for cellular signaling. Free fatty acid receptor (FFAR)-3, also known as GPR41, is a Gi/o protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates some of the propionate's actions in cells, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and increased firing/norepinephrine release from peripheral sympathetic neurons. The regulator of G-protein Signaling (RGS)-4 inactivates (terminates) both Gi/o- and Gq-protein signaling and, in the heart, protects against atrial fibrillation via calcium signaling attenuation. RGS4 activity is stimulated by β-adrenergic receptors (ARs) via protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation. Herein, we examined whether RGS4 modulates cardiac FFAR3 signaling/function. We report that RGS4 is essential for dampening of FFAR3 signaling in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, since siRNA-mediated RGS4 depletion significantly enhanced propionate-dependent cAMP lowering, Gi/o activation, p38 MAPK activation, pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 production, and pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β synthesis. Additionally, catecholamine pretreatment blocked propionic acid/FFAR3 signaling via PKA-dependent activation of RGS4 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Finally, RGS4 opposes FFAR3-dependent norepinephrine release from sympathetic-like neurons (differentiated Neuro-2a cells) co-cultured with H9c2 cardiomyocytes, thereby preserving the functional βAR number of the cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, RGS4 appears essential for propionate/FFAR3 signaling attenuation in both cardiomyocytes and sympathetic neurons, leading to cardioprotection against inflammation/adverse remodeling and to sympatholysis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA; (A.M.C.); (J.I.B.); (M.S.S.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (V.L.D.)
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12
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Pollard CM, Suster MS, Cora N, Carbone AM, Lymperopoulos A. GRK5 is an essential co-repressor of the cardiac mineralocorticoid receptor and is selectively induced by finerenone. World J Cardiol 2022; 14:220-230. [PMID: 35582468 PMCID: PMC9048278 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i4.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the heart, aldosterone (Aldo) binds the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) to exert damaging, adverse remodeling-promoting effects. We recently showed that G protein-coupled receptor-kinase (GRK)-5 blocks the cardiac MR by directly phosphorylating it, thereby repressing its transcriptional activity. MR antagonist (MRA) drugs block the cardiac MR reducing morbidity and mortality of advanced human heart failure. Non-steroidal MRAs, such as finerenone, may provide better cardio-protection against Aldo than classic, steroidal MRAs, like spironolactone and eplerenone.
AIM To investigate potential differences between finerenone and eplerenone at engaging GRK5-dependent cardiac MR phosphorylation and subsequent blockade.
METHODS We used H9c2 cardiomyocytes, which endogenously express the MR and GRK5.
RESULTS GRK5 phosphorylates the MR in H9c2 cardiomyocytes in response to finerenone but not to eplerenone. Unlike eplerenone, finerenone alone potently and efficiently suppresses cardiac MR transcriptional activity, thus displaying inverse agonism. GRK5 is necessary for finerenone’s inverse agonism, since GRK5 genetic deletion renders finerenone incapable of blocking cardiac MR transcriptional activity. Eplerenone alone does not fully suppress cardiac MR basal activity regardless of GRK5 expression levels. Finally, GRK5 is necessary for the anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic effects of both finerenone and eplerenone against Aldo, as well as for the higher efficacy and potency of finerenone at blocking Aldo-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis.
CONCLUSION Finerenone, but not eplerenone, induces GRK5-dependent cardiac MR inhibition, which underlies, at least in part, its higher potency and efficacy, compared to eplerenone, as an MRA in the heart. GRK5 acts as a co-repressor of the cardiac MR and is essential for efficient MR antagonism in the myocardium
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina M Pollard
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, United States
| | - Malka S Suster
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, United States
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, United States
| | - Alexandra M Carbone
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, United States
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, United States
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13
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Borges JI, Carbone AM, Cora N, Sizova A, Lymperopoulos A. GTPγS Assay for Measuring Agonist-Induced Desensitization of Two Human Polymorphic Alpha 2B-Adrenoceptor Variants. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2547:267-273. [PMID: 36068469 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2573-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
α2-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) mediate many cellular actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine, including inhibition of their secretion (sympathetic inhibition) from adrenal chromaffin cells. Like many other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), they undergo agonist-dependent phosphorylation and desensitization by GPCR kinases (GRKs), a phenomenon recently shown to play a major role in the sympathetic overdrive that accompanies and aggravates chronic heart failure. A three-glutamic acid deletion polymorphism in the human α2B-AR subtype gene (Glu301-303) causes impaired agonist-promoted receptor phosphorylation and desensitization, resulting in enhanced signaling to inhibition of cholinergic-induced catecholamine secretion in adrenal chromaffin cells. One of the various pharmacological assays that can be used to quantify and quantitatively compare the degrees of agonist-dependent desensitization, i.e., G protein decoupling, of these two polymorphic α2B-AR variants (or of any two GPCRs for that matter) is the guanosine-5'-O-3-thiotriphosphate (GTPγS) assay that can directly quantify heterotrimeric G protein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra M Carbone
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anastasiya Sizova
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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Agarwal SR, Sherpa RT, Moshal KS, Harvey RD. Compartmentalized cAMP signaling in cardiac ventricular myocytes. Cell Signal 2022; 89:110172. [PMID: 34687901 PMCID: PMC8602782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of different receptors that act by generating the common second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can elicit distinct functional responses in cardiac myocytes. Selectively sequestering cAMP activity to discrete intracellular microdomains is considered essential for generating receptor-specific responses. The processes that control this aspect of compartmentalized cAMP signaling, however, are not completely clear. Over the years, technological innovations have provided critical breakthroughs in advancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cAMP compartmentation. Some of the factors identified include localized production of cAMP by differential distribution of receptors, localized breakdown of this second messenger by targeted distribution of phosphodiesterase enzymes, and limited diffusion of cAMP by protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent buffering or physically restricted barriers. The aim of this review is to provide a discussion of our current knowledge and highlight some of the gaps that still exist in the field of cAMP compartmentation in cardiac myocytes.
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15
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Jankauskas SS, Kansakar U, Varzideh F, Wilson S, Mone P, Lombardi A, Gambardella J, Santulli G. Heart failure in diabetes. Metabolism 2021; 125:154910. [PMID: 34627874 PMCID: PMC8941799 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure and cardiovascular disorders represent the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Here we present a systematic review of the main mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We also provide an excursus on the relative contribution of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells to the pathophysiology of heart failure in diabetes. After having described the preclinical tools currently available to dissect the mechanisms of this complex disease, we conclude with a section on the most recent updates of the literature on clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Scott Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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16
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Impact of Aldosterone on the Failing Myocardium: Insights from Mitochondria and Adrenergic Receptors Signaling and Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061552. [PMID: 34205363 PMCID: PMC8235589 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid aldosterone regulates electrolyte and blood volume homeostasis, but it also adversely modulates the structure and function of the chronically failing heart, through its elevated production in chronic human post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF). By activating the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a ligand-regulated transcription factor, aldosterone promotes inflammation and fibrosis of the heart, while increasing oxidative stress, ultimately induding mitochondrial dysfunction in the failing myocardium. To reduce morbidity and mortality in advanced stage HF, MR antagonist drugs, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, are used. In addition to the MR, aldosterone can bind and stimulate other receptors, such as the plasma membrane-residing G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), further complicating it signaling properties in the myocardium. Given the salient role that adrenergic receptor (ARs)—particularly βARs—play in cardiac physiology and pathology, unsurprisingly, that part of the impact of aldosterone on the failing heart is mediated by its effects on the signaling and function of these receptors. Aldosterone can significantly precipitate the well-documented derangement of cardiac AR signaling and impairment of AR function, critically underlying chronic human HF. One of the main consequences of HF in mammalian models at the cellular level is the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction. As such, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction could be a valid pharmacological target in this condition. This review summarizes the current experimental evidence for this aldosterone/AR crosstalk in both the healthy and failing heart, and the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in HF. Recent findings from signaling studies focusing on MR and AR crosstalk via non-conventional signaling of molecules that normally terminate the signaling of ARs in the heart, i.e., the G protein-coupled receptor-kinases (GRKs), are also highlighted.
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17
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Meeran MFN, Laham F, Azimullah S, Sharma C, Al Kaabi AJ, Tariq S, Adeghate E, Goyal SN, Ojha S. β-Caryophyllene, a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene attenuates β-adrenergic agonist-induced myocardial injury in a cannabinoid receptor-2 dependent and independent manner. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:348-366. [PMID: 33588052 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The downregulation of cannabinoid type-2 receptors (CB2R) have been reported in numerous diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The activation of CB2R has recently emerged as an important therapeutic target to mitigate myocardial injury. We examined whether CB2R activation can protect against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury (MI) in rats. In the present study, we investigated the cardioprotective effect of β-caryophyllene (BCP), a naturally occurring dietary cannabinoid in rat model of MI. Rats were pre- and co-treated with BCP (50 mg/kg, orally) twice daily for 10 days along with subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg) at an interval of 24 h for two days (9th and 10th days). AM630 (1 mg/kg), a CB2 receptor antagonist, was injected intraperitoneal as a pharmacological challenge prior to BCP treatment to reveal CB2R-mediated cardioprotective mechanisms of BCP. Desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling, receptor phosphorylation and recruitment of adapter β-arrestins were observed in ISO-induced MI in rats. ISO injections caused impaired cardiac function, elevated the levels of serum cardiac marker enzymes, and enhanced oxidative stress markers along with altered PI3K/Akt and NrF2/Keap1/HO-1 signaling pathways. ISO also promoted lysosomal dysfunction along with activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and TLR4-NFκB/MAPK signaling and triggered rise in proinflammatory cytokines. There was a concomitant mitochondrial dysfunction followed by the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated Hippo signaling and intrinsic pathway of apoptosis as well as altered autophagic flux/mTOR signaling in ISO-induced MI. Furthermore, ISO also triggered dyslipidemia evidenced by altered lipids, lipoproteins and lipid marker enzymes along with ionic homeostasis malfunction. However, treatment with BCP resulted in significant protective effects on all biochemical and molecular parameters analyzed. The cardioprotective effects were further strengthened by preservation of cardiomyocytes and cell organelles as observed in histopathological and ultrastructural studies. Interestingly, treatment with AM630, a CB2R antagonist was observed to abrogate the protective effects of BCP on the biochemical and molecular parameters except hyperlipidemia and ionic homeostasis in ISO-induced MI in rats. The present study findings demonstrate that BCP possess the potential to protect myocardium against ISO-induced MI in a CB2-dependent and independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Laham
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Juma Al Kaabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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18
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Arcones AC, Vila-Bedmar R, Mirasierra M, Cruces-Sande M, Vallejo M, Jones B, Tomas A, Mayor F, Murga C. GRK2 regulates GLP-1R-mediated early phase insulin secretion in vivo. BMC Biol 2021; 19:40. [PMID: 33658023 PMCID: PMC7931601 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell is finely modulated by different signals to allow an adequate control of glucose homeostasis. Incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) act as key physiological potentiators of insulin release through binding to the G protein-coupled receptor GLP-1R. Another key regulator of insulin signaling is the Ser/Thr kinase G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). However, whether GRK2 affects insulin secretion or if GRK2 can control incretin actions in vivo remains to be analyzed. RESULTS Using GRK2 hemizygous mice, isolated pancreatic islets, and model β-cell lines, we have uncovered a relevant physiological role for GRK2 as a regulator of incretin-mediated insulin secretion in vivo. Feeding, oral glucose gavage, or administration of GLP-1R agonists in animals with reduced GRK2 levels (GRK2+/- mice) resulted in enhanced early phase insulin release without affecting late phase secretion. In contrast, intraperitoneal glucose-induced insulin release was not affected. This effect was recapitulated in isolated islets and correlated with the increased size or priming efficacy of the readily releasable pool (RRP) of insulin granules that was observed in GRK2+/- mice. Using nanoBRET in β-cell lines, we found that stimulation of GLP-1R promoted GRK2 association to this receptor and that GRK2 protein and kinase activity were required for subsequent β-arrestin recruitment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data suggest that GRK2 is an important negative modulator of GLP-1R-mediated insulin secretion and that GRK2-interfering strategies may favor β-cell insulin secretion specifically during the early phase, an effect that may carry interesting therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba C Arcones
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Vila-Bedmar
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Mirasierra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (Ciberdem), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cruces-Sande
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (Ciberdem), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Murga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Lymperopoulos A, Cora N, Maning J, Brill AR, Sizova A. Signaling and function of cardiac autonomic nervous system receptors: Insights from the GPCR signalling universe. FEBS J 2021; 288:2645-2659. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Jennifer Maning
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Ava R. Brill
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Anastasiya Sizova
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
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20
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Small molecule inhibition of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice. Life Sci 2020; 260:118315. [PMID: 32835697 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac dysfunction is the main cause of multi-organ failure following sepsis within critical care units. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the small molecule inhibition of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), RU.521, on cardiac function in mice with sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sepsis was induced in mice via intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Mice subsequently received 5 mg/kg RU.521 within 10 min form LPS injection. The cardiac function, inflammatory factor and oxidative stress of mice were examined for 24 h following LPS injection. KEY FINDINGS RU.521 was indicated to significantly increase the cardiac function of mice with sepsis. In addition, the inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and apoptosis in hearts of sepsis mice were markedly mitigated by RU.521. Moreover, inhibition of Sirt3 inhibited the protective effects of RU.521 on mice with sepsis. SIGNIFICANCE The current study indicated that RU.521 alleviated the inflammatory response and alleviated the damage induced by oxidative stress, leading to cardiac protection via increased Sirt3 expression in the hearts of mice with sepsis.
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Ciccarelli M, Sorriento D, Fiordelisi A, Gambardella J, Franco A, Del Giudice C, Sala M, Monti MG, Bertamino A, Campiglia P, Oliveti M, Poggio P, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Cipolletta E, Mollica MP, Bonaduce D, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G. Pharmacological inhibition of GRK2 improves cardiac metabolism and function in experimental heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:1571-1584. [PMID: 32352228 PMCID: PMC7373898 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The effects of GRK2 inhibition on myocardial metabolism in heart failure (HF) are unchartered. In this work, we evaluated the impact of pharmacological inhibition of GRK2 by a cyclic peptide, C7, on metabolic, biochemical, and functional phenotypes in experimental HF. Methods and results C7 was initially tested on adult mice ventricular myocyte from wild type and GRK2 myocardial deficient mice (GRK2‐cKO), to assess the selectivity on GRK2 inhibition. Then, chronic infusion of 2 mg/kg/day of C7 was performed in HF mice with cryogenic myocardial infarction. Cardiac function in vivo was assessed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Histological, biochemical, and metabolic studies were performed on heart samples at time points. C7 induces a significant increase of contractility in wild type but not in adult ventricle myocytes from GRK2‐cKO mice, thus confirming C7 selectivity for GRK2. In HF mice, 4 weeks of treatment with C7 improved metabolic features, including mitochondrial organization and function, and restored the biochemical and contractile responses. Conclusions GRK2 is a critical molecule in the physiological regulation of cardiac metabolism. Its alterations in the failing heart can be pharmacologically targeted, leading to the correction of metabolic and functional abnormalities observed in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Fiordelisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Franco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Del Giudice
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Sala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Gaia Monti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Oliveti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ersilia Cipolletta
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Bonaduce
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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22
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Maning J, McCrink KA, Pollard CM, Desimine VL, Ghandour J, Perez A, Cora N, Ferraino KE, Parker BM, Brill AR, Aukszi B, Lymperopoulos A. Antagonistic Roles of GRK2 and GRK5 in Cardiac Aldosterone Signaling Reveal GRK5-Mediated Cardioprotection via Mineralocorticoid Receptor Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082868. [PMID: 32326036 PMCID: PMC7215681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone (Aldo), when overproduced, is a cardiotoxic hormone underlying heart failure and hypertension. Aldo exerts damaging effects via the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) but also activates the antiapoptotic G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the heart. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-kinase (GRK)-2 and -5 are the most abundant cardiac GRKs and phosphorylate GPCRs as well as non-GPCR substrates. Herein, we investigated whether they phosphorylate and regulate cardiac MR and GPER. To this end, we used the cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 and adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs), in which we manipulated GRK5 protein levels via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 and GRK2 activity via pharmacological inhibition. We report that GRK5 phosphorylates and inhibits the cardiac MR whereas GRK2 phosphorylates and desensitizes GPER. In H9c2 cardiomyocytes, GRK5 interacts with and phosphorylates the MR upon β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) activation. In contrast, GRK2 opposes agonist-activated GPER signaling. Importantly, GRK5-dependent MR phosphorylation of the MR inhibits transcriptional activity, since aldosterone-induced gene transcription is markedly suppressed in GRK5-overexpressing cardiomyocytes. Conversely, GRK5 gene deletion augments cardiac MR transcriptional activity. β2AR-stimulated GRK5 phosphorylates and inhibits the MR also in ARVMs. Additionally, GRK5 is necessary for the protective effects of the MR antagonist drug eplerenone against Aldo-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in ARVMs. In conclusion, GRK5 blocks the cardiotoxic MR-dependent effects of Aldo in the heart, whereas GRK2 may hinder beneficial effects of Aldo through GPER. Thus, cardiac GRK5 stimulation (e.g., via β2AR activation) might be of therapeutic value for heart disease treatment via boosting the efficacy of MR antagonists against Aldo-mediated cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Maning
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Katie A. McCrink
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Celina M. Pollard
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Victoria L. Desimine
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Jennifer Ghandour
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Arianna Perez
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Krysten E. Ferraino
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Barbara M. Parker
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Ava R. Brill
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Beatrix Aukszi
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA;
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +954-262-1338; Fax: +954-262-2278
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GRK2-Mediated Crosstalk Between β-Adrenergic and Angiotensin II Receptors Enhances Adrenocortical Aldosterone Production In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020574. [PMID: 31963151 PMCID: PMC7013621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone is produced by adrenocortical zona glomerulosa (AZG) cells in response to angiotensin II (AngII) acting through its type I receptors (AT1Rs). AT1R is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that induces aldosterone via both G proteins and the adapter protein βarrestin1, which binds the receptor following its phosphorylation by GPCR-kinases (GRKs) to initiate G protein-independent signaling. β-adrenergic receptors (ARs) also induce aldosterone production in AZG cells. Herein, we investigated whether GRK2 or GRK5, the two major adrenal GRKs, is involved in the catecholaminergic regulation of AngII-dependent aldosterone production. In human AZG (H295R) cells in vitro, the βAR agonist isoproterenol significantly augmented both AngII-dependent aldosterone secretion and synthesis, as measured by the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) mRNA inductions. Importantly, GRK2, but not GRK5, was indispensable for the βAR-mediated enhancement of aldosterone in response to AngII. Specifically, GRK2 inhibition with Cmpd101 abolished isoproterenol’s effects on AngII-induced aldosterone synthesis/secretion, whereas the GRK5 knockout via CRISPR/Cas9 had no effect. It is worth noting that these findings were confirmed in vivo, since rats overexpressing GRK2, but not GRK5, in their adrenals had elevated circulating aldosterone levels compared to the control animals. However, treatment with the β-blocker propranolol prevented hyperaldosteronism in the adrenal GRK2-overexpressing rats. In conclusion, GRK2 mediates a βAR-AT1R signaling crosstalk in the adrenal cortex leading to elevated aldosterone production. This suggests that adrenal GRK2 may be a molecular link connecting the sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems at the level of the adrenal cortex and that its inhibition might be therapeutically advantageous in hyperaldosteronism-related conditions.
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24
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Bedioune I, Lefebvre F, Lechêne P, Varin A, Domergue V, Kapiloff MS, Fischmeister R, Vandecasteele G. PDE4 and mAKAPβ are nodal organizers of β2-ARs nuclear PKA signalling in cardiac myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1499-1511. [PMID: 29733383 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) produce different acute contractile effects on the heart partly because they impact on different cytosolic pools of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). They also exert different effects on gene expression but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms by which β1- and β2-ARs regulate nuclear PKA activity in cardiomyocytes. Methods and results We used cytoplasmic and nuclear targeted biosensors to examine cAMP signals and PKA activity in adult rat ventricular myocytes upon selective β1- or β2-ARs stimulation. Both β1- and β2-AR stimulation increased cAMP and activated PKA in the cytoplasm. Although the two receptors also increased cAMP in the nucleus, only β1-ARs increased nuclear PKA activity and up-regulated the PKA target gene and pro-apoptotic factor, inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER). Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE)4, but not Gi, PDE3, GRK2 nor caveolae disruption disclosed nuclear PKA activation and ICER induction by β2-ARs. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic PKI prevented nuclear PKA activation and ICER induction by β1-ARs, indicating that PKA activation outside the nucleus is required for subsequent nuclear PKA activation and ICER mRNA expression. Cytoplasmic PKI also blocked ICER induction by β2-AR stimulation (with concomitant PDE4 inhibition). However, in this case nuclear PKI decreased ICER up-regulation by only 30%, indicating that other mechanisms are involved. Down-regulation of mAKAPβ partially inhibited nuclear PKA activation upon β1-AR stimulation, and drastically decreased nuclear PKA activation upon β2-AR stimulation in the presence of PDE4 inhibition. Conclusions β1- and β2-ARs differentially regulate nuclear PKA activity and ICER expression in cardiomyocytes. PDE4 insulates a mAKAPβ-targeted PKA pool at the nuclear envelope that prevents nuclear PKA activation upon β2-AR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bedioune
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM
| | - Florence Lefebvre
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM
| | - Patrick Lechêne
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM
| | - Audrey Varin
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM
| | - Valérie Domergue
- Institut Paris Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMS IPSIT, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Michael S Kapiloff
- Cardiac Signal Transduction and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM.,Institut Paris Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMS IPSIT, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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25
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Pathania AS, Ren X, Mahdi MY, Shackleford GM, Erdreich-Epstein A. GRK2 promotes growth of medulloblastoma cells and protects them from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13902. [PMID: 31554835 PMCID: PMC6761358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2; ADRBK1, BARK1) is most known as a regulator of G-protein coupled receptors. However, GRK2 also has other functions. Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain cancers in children. GRK2 has not been implicated in medulloblastoma biology. Here we report that GRK2 knockdown slowed cell growth, diminished proliferation, and enhanced cisplatin- and etoposide-induced apoptosis in medulloblastoma cell lines UW228-2 and Daoy. Reciprocally, GRK2 overexpression attenuated apoptosis induced by these chemotherapy drugs. Cisplatin and etoposide increased phosphorylation of AKT (S473) and GRK2 knockdown mitigated this increase. Cisplatin and etoposide attenuated ERK phosphorylation, but GRK2 knockdown did not alter this effect. Wildtype GRK2 reversed the increase in cisplatin- and etoposide-induced apoptosis caused by GRK2 knockdown. GRK2-K220R (kinase dead) and GRK2-S670A (unphosphorylated, constitutively active) conferred protection from cisplatin that was similar to wildtype GRK2, suggesting that this protection may be mediated though a kinase-independent activity of GRK2. These data demonstrate that GRK2 contributes to proliferation and survival of these medulloblastoma cell lines and to their protection from cisplatin- and etoposide-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S Pathania
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiuhai Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Min Y Mahdi
- Department of Radiology, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregory M Shackleford
- Department of Radiology, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anat Erdreich-Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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26
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Pollard CM, Desimine VL, Wertz SL, Perez A, Parker BM, Maning J, McCrink KA, Shehadeh LA, Lymperopoulos A. Deletion of Osteopontin Enhances β₂-Adrenergic Receptor-Dependent Anti-Fibrotic Signaling in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061396. [PMID: 30897705 PMCID: PMC6470638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are known to inhibit collagen production and fibrosis in cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes. The β2AR is a Gs protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and, upon its activation, stimulates the generation of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP has two effectors: protein kinase A (PKA) and the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). Epac1 has been shown to inhibit cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Osteopontin (OPN) is a ubiquitous pro-inflammatory cytokine, which also mediates fibrosis in several tissues, including the heart. OPN underlies several cardiovascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis and cardiac adverse remodeling. We found that the cardiotoxic hormone aldosterone transcriptionally upregulates OPN in H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts—an effect prevented by endogenous β2AR activation. Additionally, CRISPR-mediated OPN deletion enhanced cAMP generation in response to both β1AR and β2AR activation in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, leading to the upregulation of Epac1 protein levels. These effects rendered β2AR stimulation capable of completely abrogating transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-dependent fibrosis in OPN-lacking H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Finally, OPN interacted constitutively with Gαs subunits in H9c2 cardiac cells. Thus, we uncovered a direct inhibitory role of OPN in cardiac β2AR anti-fibrotic signaling via cAMP/Epac1. OPN blockade could be of value in the treatment and/or prevention of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina M Pollard
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Victoria L Desimine
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Shelby L Wertz
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Arianna Perez
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Barbara M Parker
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Jennifer Maning
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Katie A McCrink
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Lina A Shehadeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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Komici K, Femminella GD, de Lucia C, Cannavo A, Bencivenga L, Corbi G, Leosco D, Ferrara N, Rengo G. Predisposing factors to heart failure in diabetic nephropathy: a look at the sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:321-330. [PMID: 29858985 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-0973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) are frequent comorbidities among elderly patients. HF, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, is characterized by sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is rapidly growing and the risk of developing HF is higher among DM patients. DM is responsible for several macro- and micro-angiopathies that contribute to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease, retinopathy, neuropathy and diabetic nephropathy (DN) as well. Independently of CAD, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and DM increase the risk of HF. Individuals with diabetic nephropathy are likely to present a distinct pathological condition, defined as diabetic cardiomyopathy, even in the absence of hypertension or CAD, whose pathogenesis is only partially known. However, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy: increased oxidative stress, altered substrate metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), insulin resistance, and autonomic dysfunction. In this review, we will focus on the involvement of sympathetic system hyperactivity in the diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Komici
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Grazia Daniela Femminella
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio de Lucia
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Dario Leosco
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA - Società Benefit, IRCCS - Istituto Scientifico di Telese, Terme, BN, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA - Società Benefit, IRCCS - Istituto Scientifico di Telese, Terme, BN, Italy.
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Wertz SL, Desimine VL, Maning J, McCrink KA, Lymperopoulos A. Co-IP assays for measuring GPCR–arrestin interactions. Methods Cell Biol 2019; 149:205-213. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Zhou T, Qin G, Yang L, Xiang D, Li S. LncRNA XIST regulates myocardial infarction by targeting miR-130a-3p. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8659-8667. [PMID: 29226319 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The study was used to probe long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA XIST) RNA expression profile and its influence on cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis in myocardial cells. We also aimed to explore the possible meditating relationship between XIST, PDE4D, and miR-130a-3p. Gene differential analysis was carried out using human lncRNA Microarray V3.0. quantitative real-time PCR was used to test mRNA expressions of XIST, miR-130a-3p, and PDE4D in normal cells and postmyocardial infarction (MI) cells. Western blot was applied to determine the protein expression profile of PED4D. Changes in viability and cell cycle/apoptosis of post-MI myocardial cells after silencing of XIST or PDE4D were investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The targeting relationship between miR-130a-3p and XIST, PDE4D in myocardial cells were verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. Simulated MI environment was constructed by performing anoxic preconditioning in normal cells to probe the influence of XIST on myocardial cell apoptosis. XIST and PDE4D were overexpressed in post-MI myocardial cells, whereas miR-130a-3p was underexpressed in post-MI myocardial cells. High-expressed XIST and PDE4D both promoted myocardial cell apoptosis. High-expressed XIST also inhibited myocardial cell proliferation. XIST-downregulated miR-130a-3p and PDE4D was a direct target of miR-130a-3p. LncRNA XIST promotes MI by targeting miR-130a-3p. MI induced by PDE4D can be reversed by miR-130a-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guowei Qin
- Department of Electrocardiogram, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liehong Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Daokang Xiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Suining Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Yu SMW, Jean-Charles PY, Abraham DM, Kaur S, Gareri C, Mao L, Rockman HA, Shenoy SK. The deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 20 is a positive modulator of myocardial β 1-adrenergic receptor expression and signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2500-2518. [PMID: 30538132 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible ubiquitination of G protein-coupled receptors regulates their trafficking and signaling; whether deubiquitinases regulate myocardial β1-adrenergic receptors (β1ARs) is unknown. We report that ubiquitin-specific protease 20 (USP20) deubiquitinates and attenuates lysosomal trafficking of the β1AR. β1AR-induced phosphorylation of USP20 Ser-333 by protein kinase A-α (PKAα) was required for optimal USP20-mediated regulation of β1AR lysosomal trafficking. Both phosphomimetic (S333D) and phosphorylation-impaired (S333A) USP20 possess intrinsic deubiquitinase activity equivalent to WT activity. However, unlike USP20 WT and S333D, the S333A mutant associated poorly with the β1AR and failed to deubiquitinate the β1AR. USP20-KO mice showed normal baseline systolic function but impaired β1AR-induced contractility and relaxation. Dobutamine stimulation did not increase cAMP in USP20-KO left ventricles (LVs), whereas NKH477-induced adenylyl cyclase activity was equivalent to WT. The USP20 homolog USP33, which shares redundant roles with USP20, had no effect on β1AR ubiquitination, but USP33 was up-regulated in USP20-KO hearts suggesting compensatory regulation. Myocardial β1AR expression in USP20-KO was drastically reduced, whereas β2AR expression was maintained as determined by radioligand binding in LV sarcolemmal membranes. Phospho-USP20 was significantly increased in LVs of wildtype (WT) mice after a 1-week catecholamine infusion and a 2-week chronic pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Phospho-USP20 was undetectable in β1AR KO mice subjected to TAC, suggesting a role for USP20 phosphorylation in cardiac response to pressure overload. We conclude that USP20 regulates β1AR signaling in vitro and in vivo Additionally, β1AR-induced USP20 phosphorylation may serve as a feed-forward mechanism to stabilize β1AR expression and signaling during pathological insults to the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mon-Wei Yu
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Pierre-Yves Jean-Charles
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Dennis M Abraham
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Suneet Kaur
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Clarice Gareri
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Lan Mao
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Howard A Rockman
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Parker BM, Wertz SL, Pollard CM, Desimine VL, Maning J, McCrink KA, Lymperopoulos A. Novel Insights into the Crosstalk between Mineralocorticoid Receptor and G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Heart Adverse Remodeling and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123764. [PMID: 30486399 PMCID: PMC6320977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium homeostasis but also adversely modulates the maladaptive process of cardiac adverse remodeling post-myocardial infarction. Through activation of its mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a classic steroid hormone receptor/transcription factor, aldosterone promotes inflammation and fibrosis of the heart, the vasculature, and the kidneys. This is why MR antagonists reduce morbidity and mortality of heart disease patients and are part of the mainstay pharmacotherapy of advanced human heart failure. A plethora of animal studies using cell type⁻specific targeting of the MR gene have established the importance of MR signaling and function in cardiac myocytes, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, renal cells, and macrophages. In terms of its signaling properties, the MR is distinct from nuclear receptors in that it has, in reality, two physiological hormonal agonists: not only aldosterone but also cortisol. In fact, in several tissues, including in the myocardium, cortisol is the primary hormone activating the MR. There is a considerable amount of evidence indicating that the effects of the MR in each tissue expressing it depend on tissue- and ligand-specific engagement of molecular co-regulators that either activate or suppress its transcriptional activity. Identification of these co-regulators for every ligand that interacts with the MR in the heart (and in other tissues) is of utmost importance therapeutically, since it can not only help elucidate fully the pathophysiological ramifications of the cardiac MR's actions, but also help design and develop novel better MR antagonist drugs for heart disease therapy. Among the various proteins the MR interacts with are molecules involved in cardiac G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. This results in a significant amount of crosstalk between GPCRs and the MR, which can affect the latter's activity dramatically in the heart and in other cardiovascular tissues. This review summarizes the current experimental evidence for this GPCR-MR crosstalk in the heart and discusses its pathophysiological implications for cardiac adverse remodeling as well as for heart disease therapy. Novel findings revealing non-conventional roles of GPCR signaling molecules, specifically of GPCR-kinase (GRK)-5, in cardiac MR regulation are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Parker
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Shelby L Wertz
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Celina M Pollard
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Victoria L Desimine
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Jennifer Maning
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
- Present address: Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Katie A McCrink
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
- Present address: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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Autonomic Dysfunction in Critical Illness: ObNOX(2)ious (Baro)reflex Upregulation of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase-2 Lets the Heart Down. Crit Care Med 2018; 44:1621-3. [PMID: 27428129 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sun F, Lu Z, Zhang Y, Geng S, Xu M, Xu L, Huang Y, Zhuang P, Zhang Y. Stage‑dependent changes of β2‑adrenergic receptor signaling in right ventricular remodeling in monocrotaline‑induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2493-2504. [PMID: 29393391 PMCID: PMC5846663 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) remodeling coupled with extensive apoptosis in response to unrestrained biomechanical stress may lead to RV failure (RVF), which is the immediate cause of death in the majority of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Overexpression of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) signaling has been reported to induce myocardiotoxicity in patients with left heart failure. However, the role of β2-AR signaling in the pathophysiology of PAH development has remained elusive. To address this issue, the present study investigated the changes in cardiopulmonary function and structure, as well as the expression of regulators of fibrosis and apoptosis in RVF following monocrotaline (MCT; 60 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced PAH in rats. Cardiopulmonary function and structure, remodeling and apoptosis, as well as G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and β2-AR signaling, were documented over a period of 6 weeks. In the early stages, elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary lesions, RV hypertrophy, evidence of left ventricular (LV) hyperfunction and accelerated heart rate were observed in animals with MCT-induced PAH. The levels of angiotensin II receptor type 1b (Agtr1b), Agtr2 and Agt were markedly upregulated and the expression of β2-AR phospho-Ser(355,356) steadily decreased in the right heart. As the disease progressed, LV dysfunction was observed, as evidenced by decreased LV systolic pressure and increased LV end-diastolic pressure, which was accompanied by a sustained increase in circulating brain natriuretic peptide levels. Of note, increased levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and concomitant RV remodeling, including hypertrophy, dilatation, inflammation and fibrosis, were observed, despite the enhanced RV contractility. Furthermore, alterations in GPCR signaling and activation in β2-AR-Gs-protein kinase A/Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II signaling were observed in the late stages of PAH. These results suggested that treatment with MCT results in adaptive and maladaptive RV remodeling and apoptosis during the progression of PAH, which is accompanied by distinct changes in the β2-AR signaling. Therefore, these results enable researchers to better understand of pathophysiology of MCT-induced PAH, as well as to determine the effects of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Sun
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Shihan Geng
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Mengxi Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Liman Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
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Abstract
Cardiac diseases, such as heart failure, remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with myocardial infarction as the most common etiology. HF is characterized by β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) dysregulation that is primarily due to the upregulation of G protein–coupled receptor kinases that leads to overdesensitization of β1 and β2ARs, and this clinically manifests as a loss of inotropic reserve. Interestingly, the “minor” βAR isoform, the β3AR, found in the heart, lacks G protein–coupled receptor kinases recognition sites, and is not subject to desensitization, and as a consequence of this, in human failing myocardium, the levels of this receptor remain unchanged or are even increased. In different preclinical studies, it has been shown that β3ARs can activate different signaling pathways that can protect the heart. The clinical relevance of this is also supported by the effects of β-blockers which are well known for their proangiogenic and cardioprotective effects, and data are emerging showing that these are mediated, at least in part, by enhancement of β3AR activity. In this regard, targeting of β3ARs could represent a novel potential strategy to improve cardiac metabolism, function, and remodeling.
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Cannavo A, Komici K, Bencivenga L, D'amico ML, Gambino G, Liccardo D, Ferrara N, Rengo G. GRK2 as a therapeutic target for heart failure. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 22:75-83. [PMID: 29166798 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1406925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase-2 (GRK2) is a regulator of GPCRs, in particular β-adrenergic receptors (ARs), and as demonstrated by decades of investigation, it has a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, like heart failure (HF). Indeed elevated levels and activity of this kinase are able to promote the dysfunction of both cardiac and adrenal α- and β-ARs and to dysregulate other protective signaling pathway, such as sphingosine 1-phospate and insulin. Moreover, recent discoveries suggest that GRK2 can signal independently from GPCRs, in a 'non-canonical' manner, via interaction with non-GPCR molecule or via its mitochondrial localization. Areas covered: Based on this premise, GRK2 inhibition or its genetic deletion has been tested in several disparate animal models of cardiovascular disease, showing to protect the heart from adverse remodeling and dysfunction. Expert opinion: HF is one of the leading cause of death worldwide with enormous health care costs. For this reason, the identification of new therapeutic targets like GRK2 and strategies such as its inhibition represents a new hope in the fight against HF development and progression. Herein, we will update the readers about the 'state-of-art' of GRK2 inhibition as a potent therapeutic strategy in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- a Center for Translational Medicine , Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Klara Komici
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Loreta D'amico
- c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy.,c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy.,c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
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Oxysterol, 5α-cholestan-3-one, modulates a contractile response to β2-adrenoceptor stimulation in the mouse atria: Involvement of NO signaling. Life Sci 2017; 188:131-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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McCrink KA, Maning J, Vu A, Jafferjee M, Marrero C, Brill A, Bathgate-Siryk A, Dabul S, Koch WJ, Lymperopoulos A. β-Arrestin2 Improves Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure via Sarco(endo)plasmic Reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase-Dependent Positive Inotropy in Cardiomyocytes. Hypertension 2017; 70:972-981. [PMID: 28874462 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of death in the Western world, and new and innovative treatments are needed. The GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor) adapter proteins βarr (β-arrestin)-1 and βarr-2 are functionally distinct in the heart. βarr1 is cardiotoxic, decreasing contractility by opposing β1AR (adrenergic receptor) signaling and promoting apoptosis/inflammation post-myocardial infarction (MI). Conversely, βarr2 inhibits apoptosis/inflammation post-MI but its effects on cardiac function are not well understood. Herein, we sought to investigate whether βarr2 actually increases cardiac contractility. Via proteomic investigations in transgenic mouse hearts and in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes, we have uncovered that βarr2 directly interacts with SERCA2a (sarco[endo]plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) in vivo and in vitro in a β1AR-dependent manner. This interaction causes acute SERCA2a SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier)-ylation, increasing SERCA2a activity and thus, cardiac contractility. βarr1 lacks this effect. Moreover, βarr2 does not desensitize β1AR cAMP-dependent procontractile signaling in cardiomyocytes, again contrary to βarr1. In vivo, post-MI heart failure mice overexpressing cardiac βarr2 have markedly improved cardiac function, apoptosis, inflammation, and adverse remodeling markers, as well as increased SERCA2a SUMOylation, levels, and activity, compared with control animals. Notably, βarr2 is capable of ameliorating cardiac function and remodeling post-MI despite not increasing cardiac βAR number or cAMP levels in vivo. In conclusion, enhancement of cardiac βarr2 levels/signaling via cardiac-specific gene transfer augments cardiac function safely, that is, while attenuating post-MI remodeling. Thus, cardiac βarr2 gene transfer might be a novel, safe positive inotropic therapy for both acute and chronic post-MI heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A McCrink
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL (K.A.M., J.M., A.V., M.J., C.M., A.B., A.B.-S., S.D., A.L.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (W.J.K.)
| | - Jennifer Maning
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL (K.A.M., J.M., A.V., M.J., C.M., A.B., A.B.-S., S.D., A.L.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (W.J.K.)
| | - Angela Vu
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL (K.A.M., J.M., A.V., M.J., C.M., A.B., A.B.-S., S.D., A.L.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (W.J.K.)
| | - Malika Jafferjee
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL (K.A.M., J.M., A.V., M.J., C.M., A.B., A.B.-S., S.D., A.L.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (W.J.K.)
| | - Christine Marrero
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL (K.A.M., J.M., A.V., M.J., C.M., A.B., A.B.-S., S.D., A.L.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (W.J.K.)
| | - Ava Brill
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL (K.A.M., J.M., A.V., M.J., C.M., A.B., A.B.-S., S.D., A.L.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (W.J.K.)
| | - Ashley Bathgate-Siryk
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL (K.A.M., J.M., A.V., M.J., C.M., A.B., A.B.-S., S.D., A.L.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (W.J.K.)
| | - Samalia Dabul
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL (K.A.M., J.M., A.V., M.J., C.M., A.B., A.B.-S., S.D., A.L.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (W.J.K.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL (K.A.M., J.M., A.V., M.J., C.M., A.B., A.B.-S., S.D., A.L.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (W.J.K.)
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL (K.A.M., J.M., A.V., M.J., C.M., A.B., A.B.-S., S.D., A.L.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (W.J.K.).
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G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 is a critical regulator of TNFα signaling in colon epithelial cells. Biochem J 2017; 474:2301-2313. [PMID: 28572156 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) belongs to the GRK family of serine/threonine protein kinases critical in the regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors. Apart from this canonical role, GRK2 is also involved in several signaling pathways via distinct intracellular interactomes. In the present study, we examined the role of GRK2 in TNFα signaling in colon epithelial cell-biological processes including wound healing, proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression. Knockdown of GRK2 in the SW480 human colonic cells significantly enhanced TNFα-induced epithelial cell wound healing without any effect on apoptosis/proliferation. Consistent with wound-healing effects, GRK2 knockdown augmented TNFα-induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 7 and 9, as well as urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA; factors involved in cell migration and wound healing). To assess the mechanism by which GRK2 affects these physiological processes, we examined the role of GRK2 in TNFα-induced MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Our results demonstrate that while GRK2 knockdown inhibited TNFα-induced IκBα phosphorylation, activation of ERK was significantly enhanced in GRK2 knockdown cells. Our results further demonstrate that GRK2 inhibits TNFα-induced ERK activation by inhibiting generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Together, these data suggest that GRK2 plays a critical role in TNFα-induced wound healing by modulating MMP7 and 9 and uPA levels via the ROS-ERK pathway. Consistent with in vitro findings, GRK2 heterozygous mice exhibited enhanced intestinal wound healing. Together, our results identify a novel role for GRK2 in TNFα signaling in intestinal epithelial cells.
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cAMP-PKA-CaMKII signaling pathway is involved in aggravated cardiotoxicity during Fuzi and Beimu Combination Treatment of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34903. [PMID: 27739450 PMCID: PMC5064387 DOI: 10.1038/srep34903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) and Fritillariae Thunbergii bulbus (Beimu) have been widely used clinically to treat cardiopulmonary related diseases in China. However, according to the classic rules of traditional Chinese medicine, Fuzi and Beimu should be prohibited to use as a combination for their incompatibility. Therefore, it is critical to elucidate the paradox on the use of Fuzi and Beimu combination therapy. Monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension rats were treated with either Fuzi, Beimu, or their combination at different stages of PH. We demonstrated that at the early stage of PH, Fuzi and Beimu combination significantly improved lung function and reduced pulmonary histopathology. However, as the disease progressed, when Fuzi and Beimu combination were used at the late stage of PH, right ventricular chamber dilation was histologically apparent and myocardial apoptosis was significantly increased compared with each drug alone. Western-blotting results indicated that the main chemical ingredient of Beimu could down-regulate the protein phosphorylation levels of Akt and PDE4D, whereas the combination of Fuzi and Beimu could up-regulate PKA and CaMKII signaling pathways. Therefore, we concluded that Fuzi and Beimu combination potentially aggravated the heart injury due to the inhibition of PDK1/Akt/PDE4D axis and subsequent synergistic activation of βAR-Gs-PKA/CaMKII signaling pathway.
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McCrink KA, Brill A, Jafferjee M, Valero TR, Marrero C, Rodriguez MM, Hale GM, Lymperopoulos A. β 1-adrenoceptor Arg389Gly polymorphism confers differential β-arrestin-binding tropism in cardiac myocytes. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1611-1620. [PMID: 27643874 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The β1-adrenergic receptor (AR) Arg389Gly polymorphism affects efficacy of its procontractile signaling in cardiomyocytes and carriers' responses to β-blockers. To identify molecular mechanisms underlying functional differences between Arg389 and Gly389 β1ARs, we examined their binding to β-arrestins (βarr-1 and -2), which mediate β1AR signaling, in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. METHODS We tested the β1AR-βarr interaction via β1AR immunoprecipitation followed by βarr immunoblotting. RESULTS βarr1 binds both variants upon isoproterenol, carvedilol or metoprolol treatment in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Conversely, the potentially beneficial in the heart βarr2 only interacts with the Arg389 receptor in response to isoproterenol or carvedilol. CONCLUSION Arg389 confers unique βarr2-interacting tropism to the β1AR in cardiac myocytes, potentially underlying this variant's gain-of-function phenotype and better clinical responses to β-blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A McCrink
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Ava Brill
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Malika Jafferjee
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Thairy Reyes Valero
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Christine Marrero
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | | | - Genevieve M Hale
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Gardens Campus, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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Molecular Mechanisms Linking Autonomic Dysfunction and Impaired Cardiac Contractility in Critical Illness. Crit Care Med 2016; 44:e614-24. [PMID: 26950003 PMCID: PMC4950969 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Molecular mechanisms linking autonomic dysfunction with poorer clinical outcomes in critical illness remain unclear. We hypothesized that baroreflex dysfunction alone is sufficient to cause cardiac impairment through neurohormonal activation of (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase dependent) oxidative stress resulting in increased expression of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, a key negative regulator of cardiac function. DESIGN Laboratory/clinical investigations. SETTING University laboratory/medical centers. SUBJECTS Adult rats; wild-type/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit-2-deficient mice; elective surgical patients. INTERVENTIONS Cardiac performance was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography following experimental baroreflex dysfunction (sino-aortic denervation) in rats and mice. Immunoblots assessed G-protein-coupled receptor recycling proteins expression in rodent cardiomyocytes and patient mononuclear leukocytes. In surgical patients, heart rate recovery after cardiopulmonary exercise testing, time/frequency measures of parasympathetic variables were related to the presence/absence of baroreflex dysfunction (defined by spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity of <6 ms mm Hg). The associations of baroreflex dysfunction with intraoperative cardiac function and outcomes were assessed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Experimental baroreflex dysfunction in rats and mice resulted in impaired cardiac contractility and upregulation of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 expression. In mice, genetic deficiency of gp91 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit-2 prevented upregulation of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 expression in conditions of baroreflex dysfunction and preserved cardiac function. Baroreflex dysfunction was present in 81 of 249 patients (32.5%) and was characterized by lower parasympathetic tone and increased G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 expression in mononuclear leukocytes. Baroreflex dysfunction in patients was also associated with impaired intraoperative cardiac contractility. Critical illness and mortality were more frequent in surgical patients with baroreflex dysfunction (relative risk, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.16-2.39]; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Reduced baroreflex sensitivity is associated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit-2-mediated upregulation of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 expression in cardiomyocytes and impaired cardiac contractility. Autonomic dysfunction predisposes patients to the development of critical illness and increases mortality.
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Gurevich VV, Gurevich EV. Analyzing the roles of multi-functional proteins in cells: The case of arrestins and GRKs. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 50:440-52. [PMID: 26453028 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1067185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Most proteins have multiple functions. Obviously, conventional methods of manipulating the level of the protein of interest in the cell, such as over-expression, knockout or knockdown, affect all of its functions simultaneously. The key advantage of these methods is that over-expression, knockout or knockdown does not require any knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the function(s) of the protein of interest. The disadvantage is that these approaches are inadequate to elucidate the role of an individual function of the protein in a particular cellular process. An alternative is the use of re-engineered proteins, in which a single function is eliminated or enhanced. The use of mono-functional elements of a multi-functional protein can also yield cleaner answers. This approach requires detailed knowledge of the structural basis of each function of the protein in question. Thus, a lot of preliminary structure-function work is necessary to make it possible. However, when this information is available, replacing the protein of interest with a mutant in which individual functions are modified can shed light on the biological role of those particular functions. Here, we illustrate this point using the example of protein kinases, most of which have additional non-enzymatic functions, as well as arrestins, known multi-functional signaling regulators in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- a Department of Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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Wu H, Chen J, Song S, Yuan P, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zhou A, Chang Y, Zhang L, Wei W. β2-adrenoceptor signaling reduction in dendritic cells is involved in the inflammatory response in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24548. [PMID: 27079168 PMCID: PMC4832233 DOI: 10.1038/srep24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by inflammation of the synovium, which leads to the progressive destruction of cartilage and bone. Adrenoreceptor (AR) signaling may play an important role in modulating dendritic cell (DC), which may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. We examined the effect of the β-AR agonist isoprenaline (ISO) on DC function, the impact of the β2-AR agonist salbutamol on adjuvant-induced arthritic (AA) rats, and changes in β2-AR signaling in DCs during the course of AA. ISO inhibited the expression of the surface molecules CD86 and MHC-II, inhibited the stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation by DC and TNF-α secretion, and promoted DC antigen uptake and IL-10 secretion. The effects of ISO on MHC-II expression, DC stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation, and DC antigen uptake were mediated by β2-AR. Treatment with salbutamol ameliorated the severity of AA and histopathology of the joints and inhibited proliferation of thymus lymphocytes and FLS in vivo. β2-AR signaling was weaker in AA rats compared to the control. Elevated GRK2 and decreased β2-AR expression in DC cytomembranes were observed in AA and may have decreased the anti-inflammatory effect of β2-AR signaling. Decreased β2-AR signaling may be relevant to the exacerbation of arthritis inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shasha Song
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Pingfan Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
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Valero TR, Sturchler E, Jafferjee M, Rengo G, Magafa V, Cordopatis P, McDonald P, Koch WJ, Lymperopoulos A. Structure-activity relationship study of angiotensin II analogs in terms of β-arrestin-dependent signaling to aldosterone production. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00226. [PMID: 27069636 PMCID: PMC4804318 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The known angiotensin II (AngII) physiological effect of aldosterone synthesis and secretion induction, a steroid hormone that contributes to the pathology of postmyocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF), is mediated by both Gq/11 proteins and β-arrestins, both of which couple to the AngII type 1 receptors (AT1Rs) of adrenocortical zona glomerulosa (AZG) cells. Over the past several years, AngII analogs with increased selectivity ("bias") toward β-arrestin-dependent signaling at the AT1R have been designed and described, starting with SII, the gold-standard β-arrestin-"biased" AngII analog. In this study, we examined the relative potencies of an extensive series of AngII peptide analogs at relative activation of G proteins versus β-arrestins by the AT1R. The major structural difference of these peptides from SII was their varied substitutions at position 5, rather than position 4 of native AngII. Three of them were found biased for β-arrestin activation and extremely potent at stimulating aldosterone secretion in AZG cells in vitro, much more potent than SII in that regard. Finally, the most potent of these three ([Sar(1), Cys(Et)(5), Leu(8)]-AngII, CORET) was further examined in post-MI rats progressing to HF and overexpressing adrenal β-arrestin1 in vivo. Consistent with the in vitro studies, CORET was found to exacerbate the post-MI hyperaldosteronism, and, consequently, cardiac function of the post-MI animals in vivo. Finally, our data suggest that increasing the size of position 5 of the AngII peptide sequence results in directly proportional increases in AT1R-dependent β-arrestin activation. These findings provide important insights for AT1R pharmacology and future AngII-targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thairy Reyes Valero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy Fort Lauderdale Florida 33328
| | | | - Malika Jafferjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy Fort Lauderdale Florida 33328
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Salvatore Maugeri Foundation-Scientific Institute of Telese Terme Telese Terme Italy
| | - Vassiliki Magafa
- Department of Pharmacy Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products University of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Paul Cordopatis
- Department of Pharmacy Laboratory of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products University of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Patricia McDonald
- Translational Research Institute Scripps Florida Jupiter Florida 33458
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy Fort Lauderdale Florida 33328
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Rengo G, Pagano G, Filardi PP, Femminella GD, Parisi V, Cannavo A, Liccardo D, Komici K, Gambino G, D'Amico ML, de Lucia C, Paolillo S, Trimarco B, Vitale DF, Ferrara N, Koch WJ, Leosco D. Prognostic Value of Lymphocyte G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase-2 Protein Levels in Patients With Heart Failure. Circ Res 2016; 118:1116-24. [PMID: 26884616 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity is associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF), yet routine assessment of sympathetic nervous system activation is not recommended for clinical practice. Myocardial G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) is upregulated in HF patients, causing dysfunctional β-adrenergic receptor signaling. Importantly, myocardial GRK2 levels correlate with levels found in peripheral lymphocytes of HF patients. OBJECTIVE The independent prognostic value of blood GRK2 measurements in HF patients has never been investigated; thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether lymphocyte GRK2 levels predict clinical outcome in HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively studied 257 HF patients with mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 31.4±8.5%. At the time of enrollment, plasma norepinephrine, serum NT-proBNP, and lymphocyte GRK2 levels, as well as clinical and instrumental variables were measured. The prognostic value of GRK2 to predict cardiovascular (CV) death and all-cause mortality was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard model including demographic, clinical, instrumental, and laboratory data. Over a mean follow-up period of 37.5±20.2 months (range, 3-60 months), there were 102 CV deaths. Age, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association class, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide, and lymphocyte GRK2 protein levels were independent predictors of CV mortality in HF patients. GRK2 levels showed an additional prognostic and clinical value over demographic and clinical variables. The independent prognostic value of lymphocyte GRK2 levels was also confirmed for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Lymphocyte GRK2 protein levels can independently predict prognosis in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rengo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Pasquale Perrone Filardi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Grazia Daniela Femminella
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Klara Komici
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Maria Loreta D'Amico
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Claudio de Lucia
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Dino Franco Vitale
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.).
| | - Dario Leosco
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.).
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Jafferjee M, Reyes Valero T, Marrero C, McCrink KA, Brill A, Lymperopoulos A. GRK2 Up-Regulation Creates a Positive Feedback Loop for Catecholamine Production in Chromaffin Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:372-81. [PMID: 26849467 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity aggravates several diseases, including heart failure. The molecular cause(s) underlying this SNS hyperactivity are not known. We have previously uncovered a neurohormonal mechanism, operating in adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, by which circulating catecholamine (CA) levels increase in heart failure: severe dysfunction of the adrenal α2-adrenergic receptors (ARs) due to the up-regulation of G protein-coupled receptor-kinase (GRK)-2, the kinase that desensitizes them. Herein we looked at the potential signaling mechanisms that bring about this GRK2 elevation in chromaffin cells. We found that chronic CA treatment of either PC12 or rat primary chromaffin cells can in itself result in GRK2 transcriptional up-regulation through α2ARs-Gi/o proteins-Src-ERK1/2. The resultant GRK2 increase severely enhances the α2AR desensitization/down-regulation elevating not only CA release but also CA biosynthesis, as evidenced by tyrosine hydroxylase up-regulation. Finally, GRK2 knockdown leads to enhanced apoptosis of PC12 cells, indicating an essential role for GRK2 in chromaffin cell homeostasis/survival. In conclusion, chromaffin cell GRK2 mediates a positive feedback loop that feeds into CA secretion, thereby enabling the adrenomedullary component of the SNS to turn itself on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Jafferjee
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33328-2018
| | - Thairy Reyes Valero
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33328-2018
| | - Christine Marrero
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33328-2018
| | - Katie A McCrink
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33328-2018
| | - Ava Brill
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33328-2018
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Ft Lauderdale, Florida 33328-2018
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Cannavo A, Liccardo D, Lymperopoulos A, Gambino G, D'Amico ML, Rengo F, Koch WJ, Leosco D, Ferrara N, Rengo G. β Adrenergic Receptor Kinase C-Terminal Peptide Gene-Therapy Improves β2-Adrenergic Receptor-Dependent Neoangiogenesis after Hindlimb Ischemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 356:503-13. [PMID: 26604244 PMCID: PMC6047230 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.228411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
After hindlimb ischemia (HI), increased catecholamine levels within the ischemic muscle can cause dysregulation of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) signaling, leading to reduced revascularization. Indeed, in vivo β2AR overexpression via gene therapy enhances angiogenesis in a rat model of HI. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a key regulator of βAR signaling, and β adrenergic receptor kinase C-terminal peptide (βARKct), a peptide inhibitor of GRK2, has been shown to prevent βAR down-regulation and to protect cardiac myocytes and stem cells from ischemic injury through restoration of β2AR protective signaling (i.e., protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase). Herein, we tested the potential therapeutic effects of adenoviral-mediated βARKct gene transfer in an experimental model of HI and its effects on βAR signaling and on endothelial cell (EC) function in vitro. Accordingly, in this study, we surgically induced HI in rats by femoral artery resection (FAR). Fifteen days of ischemia resulted in significant βAR down-regulation that was paralleled by an approximately 2-fold increase in GRK2 levels in the ischemic muscle. Importantly, in vivo gene transfer of the βARKct in the hindlimb of rats at the time of FAR resulted in a marked improvement of hindlimb perfusion, with increased capillary and βAR density in the ischemic muscle, compared with control groups. The effect of βARKct expression was also assessed in vitro in cultured ECs. Interestingly, ECs expressing the βARKct fenoterol, a β2AR-agonist, induced enhanced β2AR proangiogenic signaling and increased EC function. Our results suggest that βARKct gene therapy and subsequent GRK2 inhibition promotes angiogenesis in a model of HI by preventing ischemia-induced β2AR down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.C., D.Li., G.G., M.L.D.A., D.Le., N.F., G.R.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., D.Li., W.J.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (A.L.); Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme BN, Italy (F.R., G.R.)
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.C., D.Li., G.G., M.L.D.A., D.Le., N.F., G.R.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., D.Li., W.J.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (A.L.); Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme BN, Italy (F.R., G.R.)
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.C., D.Li., G.G., M.L.D.A., D.Le., N.F., G.R.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., D.Li., W.J.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (A.L.); Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme BN, Italy (F.R., G.R.)
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.C., D.Li., G.G., M.L.D.A., D.Le., N.F., G.R.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., D.Li., W.J.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (A.L.); Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme BN, Italy (F.R., G.R.)
| | - Maria Loreta D'Amico
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.C., D.Li., G.G., M.L.D.A., D.Le., N.F., G.R.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., D.Li., W.J.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (A.L.); Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme BN, Italy (F.R., G.R.)
| | - Franco Rengo
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.C., D.Li., G.G., M.L.D.A., D.Le., N.F., G.R.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., D.Li., W.J.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (A.L.); Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme BN, Italy (F.R., G.R.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.C., D.Li., G.G., M.L.D.A., D.Le., N.F., G.R.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., D.Li., W.J.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (A.L.); Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme BN, Italy (F.R., G.R.)
| | - Dario Leosco
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.C., D.Li., G.G., M.L.D.A., D.Le., N.F., G.R.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., D.Li., W.J.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (A.L.); Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme BN, Italy (F.R., G.R.)
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.C., D.Li., G.G., M.L.D.A., D.Le., N.F., G.R.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., D.Li., W.J.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (A.L.); Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme BN, Italy (F.R., G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Italy (A.C., D.Li., G.G., M.L.D.A., D.Le., N.F., G.R.); Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.C., D.Li., W.J.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (A.L.); Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme BN, Italy (F.R., G.R.)
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Tian X, Wang Q, Guo R, Xu L, Chen QM, Hou Y. Effects of paroxetine-mediated inhibition of GRK2 expression on depression and cardiovascular function in patients with myocardial infarction. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2333-2341. [PMID: 27695334 PMCID: PMC5028169 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s109880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor utilized in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Recent studies have identified paroxetine as a G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) inhibitor capable of reversing cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in experimental models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We determine the clinical importance of paroxetine on cardiac functions in patients having AMI with depression (AMID) in comparison with fluoxetine, an unrelated selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that does not inhibit GRK2. METHODS Diagnosis of depression was based on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale in AMI patients after hospital admission. AMID patients were randomly assigned to paroxetine or fluoxetine for treatment of depression. Heart rate variability and cardiac function were evaluated. GRK2 protein levels were measured using peripheral lymphocytes and Western blot. RESULTS GRK2 expression in AMID patients was significantly higher than that in AMI patients without depression. In AMID patients, GRK2 levels were positively correlated with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale and the Self-rating Depression Scale scores, and negatively correlated with heart rate variability. Treatment of AMID patients with paroxetine significantly reduced the expression of GRK2, normalized the autonomic nervous system function, and improved cardiac performance. In contrast, fluoxetine normalized the autonomic nervous system but did not reduce the expression of GRK2 nor improved cardiac performance. CONCLUSION This study suggests that paroxetine is effective for improving cardiac function in patients with AMID and such effect correlates with GRK2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City
| | - Lingling Xu
- College of Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin M Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City
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Pathophysiology of sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction: driven by inflammation, energy mismanagement, or both? Curr Heart Fail Rep 2015; 12:130-40. [PMID: 25475180 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-014-0247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that follows bacterial infection. Cardiac dysfunction is an important consequence of sepsis that affects mortality and has been attributed to either elevated inflammation or suppression of both fatty acid and glucose oxidation and eventual ATP depletion. Moreover, cardiac adrenergic signaling is compromised in septic patients and this aggravates further heart function. While anti-inflammatory therapies are important for the treatment of the disease, administration of anti-inflammatory drugs did not improve survival in septic patients. This review article summarizes findings on inflammatory and other mechanisms that are triggered in sepsis and affect cardiac function and mortality. Particularly, it focuses on the effects of the disease in metabolic pathways, as well as in adrenergic signaling and the potential interplay of the latter with inflammation. It is suggested that therapeutic approaches should include combination of anti-inflammatory treatments, stimulation of energy production, and restoration of adrenergic signaling in the heart.
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50
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Pecha S, Flenner F, Söhren KD, Lorenz K, Eschenhagen T, Christ T. β 1 Adrenoceptor antagonistic effects of the supposedly selective β 2 adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551 on the positive inotropic effect of adrenaline in murine hearts. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00168. [PMID: 26516580 PMCID: PMC4618639 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the relative contribution of β1- and β2-adrenoceptors (AR) generally employ selective β1- and β2-AR antagonists such as CGP 20712A and ICI 118,551, respectively, and assume that antagonism by one of these compounds indicates mediation by the respective AR subtype. Here, we evaluated the β2-AR-selectivity of ICI 118,551 in ventricular muscle strips of transgenic mice lacking β1-AR (β1-KO), β2-AR (β2-KO), or both (β1/β2-KO). Strips were electrically driven and force development was measured. In wild type (WT), ICI 118,551 (100 nmol/L) shifted the concentration–response curve (CRC) for adrenaline by about 0.5 log units to the right, corresponding to the known affinity of ICI 118,551 to β1-AR but not to β2-AR. Conversely, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram (10 μmol/L) shifted the CRC to the left, but did not enlarge the ICI 118,551 shift, indicating exclusive β1-AR mediation even when PDE4 is inactive. In line with this, rolipram and ICI 118,551 had similar effects in β2-KO than in WT. In contrast, β1-KO did not show any inotropic reaction to adrenaline (+/− rolipram). In WT, the β1-AR selective antagonist CGP 20712A (100 nmol/L) shifted the CRC for isoprenaline by 2.1 log units, corresponding to the affinity of CGP 20712A to β1-AR. Rolipram increased the sensitivity to adrenaline independently of the presence of CGP 20712A. We conclude that effects sensitive to the β2-AR antagonist ICI 118,551 are not necessarily β2-AR-mediated and CGP 20712A-resistant effects cannot be simply interpreted as β2-AR-mediated. Catecholamine effects in murine ventricles strictly depend on β1-AR, even if PDE 4 is blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pecha
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany ; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Flenner
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany ; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Söhren
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany ; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg Wuerzburg, Germany ; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany ; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany ; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
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