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Andrade PHM, Dhainaut J, Volkringer C, Loiseau T, Moncomble A, Hureau M, Moissette A. Stability of Iodine Species Trapped in Titanium-Based MOFs: MIL-125 and MIL-125_NH 2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400265. [PMID: 38660825 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Two titanium-based MOFs MIL-125 and MIL-125_NH2 are synthesized and characterized using high-temperature powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 sorption, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Stable up to 300 °C, both compounds exhibited similar specific surface areas (SSA) values (1207 and 1099 m2 g-1 for MIL-125 and MIL-125_NH2, respectively). EPR signals of Ti3+ are observed in both, whith MIL-125_NH2 also showing ─NH2 ●+ signatures. Both MOFs efficiently adsorbed iodine in continuous gas flow over five days, with MIL-125 trapping 1.9 g.g-1 and MIL-125_NH2 trapping 1.6 g.g-1. MIL-125_NH2 exhibited faster adsorption kinetics due to its smaller band gap (2.5 against 3.6 eV). In situ Raman spectroscopy conducted during iodine adsorption revealed signal evolution from "free" I2 to "perturbed" I2, and I3 -. TGA and in situ Raman desorption experiments showed that ─NH2 groups improved the stabilization of I3 - due to an electrostatic interaction with NH2 ●+BDC radicals. The Albery model indicated longer lifetimes for iodine desorption in I2@MIL-125_NH2, attributed to a rate-limiting step due to stronger interaction between the anionic iodine species and the ─NH2 ●+ radicals. This study underscores how MOFs with efficient charge separation and hole-stabilizer functional groups enhance iodine stability at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H M Andrade
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59655, France
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais (DEMET), Departamento de Física (DF), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jérémy Dhainaut
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Christophe Volkringer
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Thierry Loiseau
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Aurélien Moncomble
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59655, France
| | - Matthieu Hureau
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59655, France
| | - Alain Moissette
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille - Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59655, France
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Martin JC, Pourcher T, Phan G, Guglielmi J, Crambes C, Caire-Maurisier F, Lebsir D, Cohen D, Rosique C, Jing L, Hichri M, Salleron L, Darcourt J, Souidi M, Benderitter M. Review of the PRIODAC project on thyroid protection from radioactive iodine by repeated iodine intake in individuals aged 12. Eur Thyroid J 2024; 13:ETJ-23-0139. [PMID: 38241789 PMCID: PMC10895330 DOI: 10.1530/etj-23-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake of potassium iodide (KI) reduces the accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland in the event of possible contamination by radioactive iodine released from a nuclear facility. The WHO has stated the need for research for optimal timing, appropriate dosing regimen and safety for repetitive iodine thyroid blocking (ITB). The French PRIODAC project, addressed all these issues, involving prolonged or repeated releases of radioactive iodine. Preclinical studies established an effective dose through pharmacokinetic modeling, demonstrating the safety of repetitive KI treatment without toxicity. SUMMARY Recent preclinical studies have determined an optimal effective dose for repetitive administration, associated with pharmacokinetic modelling. The results show the safety and absence of toxicity of repetitive treatment with KI. Good laboratory practice level preclinical studies corresponding to individuals > 12 years have shown a safety margin established between animal doses without toxic effect. After approval from the French health authorities, the market authorization of the 2 tablets of KI-65mg/day was defined with a new dosing scheme of a daily repetitive intake of the treatment up to 7 days unless otherwise instructed by the competent authorities for all categories of population except pregnant women, and children under the age of 12 years. CONCLUSIONS This new marketed authorization resulting from scientific-based evidence obtained as part of the PRIODAC project may serve as an example to further harmonize the application of KI for repetitive ITB in situations of prolonged radioactive release at the European and International levels, under the umbrella of the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Martin
- J Martin, C2VN, Faculté Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Pourcher
- T Pourcher, Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Phan
- G Phan, PSE-Santé, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Guglielmi
- J Guglielmi, Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Nice, France
| | - Caroline Crambes
- C Crambes, Direction des Approvisionnements en produits de Santé des Armées, Pharmacie Centrale des Armées (PCA), Fleury les Aubrais, France
| | - François Caire-Maurisier
- F Caire-Maurisier, Direction des Approvisionnements en produits de Santé des Armées, Pharmacie Centrale des Armées (PCA), Fleury les Aubrais, France
| | - Dalila Lebsir
- D Lebsir, PSE-Santé, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - David Cohen
- D Cohen, PSE-Santé, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clément Rosique
- C Rosique, C2VN, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France
| | - Lun Jing
- L Jing, Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Maha Hichri
- M Hichri, Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Lisa Salleron
- L Salleron, Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Darcourt
- J Darcourt, Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology Laboratory (TIRO), Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies alternatives (CEA), Nice, France
| | - Maamar Souidi
- M Souidi, PSE-Santé, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- M Benderitter, PSE-Santé, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Gunnarsdóttir I, Brantsæter AL. Iodine: a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10369. [PMID: 38187800 PMCID: PMC10770700 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). As in many other parts of the world, insufficient iodine intake and consequently insufficient iodine status is a public health challenge in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The main dietary sources of iodine in the Nordic and Baltic countries include cow's milk, saltwater fish, eggs, products containing iodised salt, and iodised table salt. Only Denmark (DK), Finland (FI) and Sweden (SE) have implemented mandatory (DK) or voluntary (SE, FI) salt iodisation. New data, as well as recent studies from the Nordic and Baltic countries, strengthen the evidence that the main health challenges related to insufficient iodine intake remain thyroid function and thyroid disease, mental development, and cognitive function. Excessive intakes can also cause hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroid disease, and thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Mathath AV, Das BK, Chakraborty D. Designing Reaction Coordinate for Ion-Induced Pore-Assisted Mechanism of Halide Ions Permeation through Lipid Bilayer by Umbrella Sampling. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7778-7790. [PMID: 38050816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ion permeation mechanism through lipid membranes helps to understand cellular processes. We propose new reaction coordinates that allow ions to permeate according to their water affinity and interaction with the hydrophilic layer. Simulations were done for three different halides (F-, Cl-, and I-) in two different lipid bilayers, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dinervonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DNPC). It is found that the involvement of the water molecules decreases the free energy barrier. The ions were found to follow different pathways for permeation. Formation of proper pores required a collaboration effort of the hydration shell water molecules and the hydrophilic lipid layer, which was favored in the case of Cl- ions. The optimum charge density and good water affinity of Cl- with respect to F- and I- ions helped to form the pore. The effect was prominently seen in the case of DNPC membrane because of its higher hydrophobic thickness. The umbrella sampling results were compared with other methods such as the Markov state model (MSM) and well-tempered metadynamics (WT-metaD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana V Mathath
- Biophysical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 025, India
| | - Bratin Kumar Das
- Biophysical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 025, India
| | - Debashree Chakraborty
- Biophysical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 025, India
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Andrade PHM, Ahouari H, Volkringer C, Loiseau T, Vezin H, Hureau M, Moissette A. Electron-Donor Functional Groups, Band Gap Tailoring, and Efficient Charge Separation: Three Keys To Improve the Gaseous Iodine Uptake in MOF Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37315191 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been largely investigated worldwide for their use in the capture of radioactive iodine due to its potential release during nuclear accident events and reprocessing of nuclear fuel. The present work deals with the capture of gaseous I2 under a continuous flow and its subsequent transformation into I3- within the porous structures of three distinct, yet structurally related, terephthalate-based MOFs: MIL-125(Ti), MIL-125(Ti)_NH2, and CAU-1(Al)_NH2. The synthesized materials exhibited specific surface areas (SSAs) with similar order of magnitude: 1207, 1099, and 1110 m2 g-1 for MIL-125(Ti), MIL-125(Ti)_NH2, and CAU-1(Al)_NH2, respectively. Because of that, it was possible to evaluate the influence of other variables over the iodine uptake capacity─such as band gap energies, functional groups, and charge transfer complexes (CTC). After 72 h of contact with the I2 gas flow, MIL-125(Ti)_NH2 was able to trap 11.0 mol mol-1 of I2, followed by MIL-125(Ti) (8.7 mol mol-1), and by CAU-1(Al)_NH2 (4.2 mol mol-1). The enhanced ability to retain I2 in the MIL-125(Ti)_NH2 was associated with a combined effect between its amino group (which has a great affinity toward iodine), its smaller band gap (2.5 eV against 2.6 and 3.8 eV for CAU-1(Al)_NH2 and MIL-125(Ti), respectively), and its efficient charge separation. In fact, the presence of a linker-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism in MIL-125(Ti) compounds separates the photogenerated electrons and holes into the two distinct moieties of the MOF: the organic linker (which stabilizes the holes) and the oxy/hydroxy inorganic cluster (which stabilizes the electrons). This effect was observed using EPR spectroscopy, whereas the reduction of the Ti4+ cations into the paramagnetic Ti3+ species was evidenced after irradiation of the pristine Ti-based MOFs with UV light (<420 nm). In contrast, because CAU-1(Al)_NH2 exhibits a purely linker-based transition (LBT)─with no EPR signals related to Al paramagnetic species─it tends to exhibit faster recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers as, in this case, both electrons and holes are located over the organic linker. Furthermore, the transformation of the gaseous I2 into In- [n = 5, 7, 9, ...] intermediates and then into I3- species was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy by following the evolution of their respective bands at about 198, 180, and 113 cm-1. This conversion─which is favored by an effective charge separation and smaller band gaps─increases the I2 uptake capacity of the compounds by creating specific adsorption sites for these anionic species. In fact, because the -NH2 groups act as an antenna to stabilize the photogenerated holes, both In- and I3- are adsorbed into the organic linker via an electrostatic interaction with these positively charged entities. Finally, changes regarding the EPR spectra before and after the iodine loading were considered to propose a mechanism for the electron transfer from the MOFs structure to the I2 molecules considering their different characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H M Andrade
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille─Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Hania Ahouari
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille─Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Christophe Volkringer
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Loiseau
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hervé Vezin
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille─Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Matthieu Hureau
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille─Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Alain Moissette
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille─Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Yang L, Ma J, Lei P, Yi J, Ma Y, Huang Z, Wang T, Ping H, Ruan D, Sun D, Pan H. Advances in Antioxidant Applications for Combating 131I Side Effects in Thyroid Cancer Treatment. TOXICS 2023; 11:529. [PMID: 37368629 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and its prevalence has been increasing for decades. Approx. 95% of differentiated thyroid carcinomas are treated using 131iodine (131I), a radionuclide with a half-life of 8 days, to achieve optimal thyroid residual ablation following thyroidectomy. However, while 131I is highly enriched in eliminating thyroid tissue, it can also retain and damage other body parts (salivary glands, liver, etc.) without selectivity, and even trigger salivary gland dysfunction, secondary cancer, and other side effects. A significant amount of data suggests that the primary mechanism for these side effects is the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, causing a severe imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant in the cellular components, resulting in secondary DNA damage and abnormal vascular permeability. Antioxidants are substances that are capable of binding free radicals and reducing or preventing the oxidation of the substrate in a significant way. These compounds can help prevent damage caused by free radicals, which can attack lipids, protein amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and double bonds of DNA bases. Based on this, the rational utilization of the free radical scavenging function of antioxidants to maximize a reduction in 131I side effects is a promising medical strategy. This review provides an overview of the side effects of 131I, the mechanisms by which 131I causes oxidative stress-mediated damage, and the potential of natural and synthetic antioxidants in ameliorating the side effects of 131I. Finally, the disadvantages of the clinical application of antioxidants and their improving strategies are prospected. Clinicians and nursing staff can use this information to alleviate 131I side effects in the future, both effectively and reasonably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Pengyu Lei
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jia Yi
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yilei Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhongke Huang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Tingjue Wang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Haiyan Ping
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Danping Ruan
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongying Pan
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
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Han Z, Chen L, Peng H, Zheng H, Lin Y, Peng F, Fan Y, Xie X, Yang S, Wang Z, Yuan L, Wei X, Chen H. The role of thyroid hormone in the renal immune microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110172. [PMID: 37086678 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential for proper kidney growth and development. The kidney is not only the organ of thyroid hormone metabolism but also the target organ of thyroid hormone. Kidney disease is a common type of kidney damage, mainly including different types of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and renal cell carcinoma. The kidney is often damaged by an immune response directed against its antigens or a systemic immune response. A variety of immune cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems, including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune kidney disease. Recent studies have found that thyroid hormone plays an indispensable role in the immune microenvironment of various kidney diseases. Thyroid hormones regulate the activity of neutrophils, and dendritic cells express triiodothyronine receptors. Compared to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism has a greater effect on neutrophils. Furthermore, in adaptive immune systems, thyroid hormone may activate T lymphocytes through several underlying mechanisms, such as mediating NF-κB, protein kinase C signalling pathways, and β-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased T lymphocyte activation. The present review discusses the effects of thyroid hormone metabolism regulation in the immune microenvironment on the function of various immune cells, especially neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. Although there are not enough data at this stage to conclude the clinical relevance of these findings, thyroid hormone metabolism may influence autoimmune kidney disease by regulating the renal immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuyan Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyao Peng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Peng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhe Fan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuli Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Simin Yang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanzhan Wang
- Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lan Yuan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiuyan Wei
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Yaglova NV, Obernikhin SS, Timokhina EP, Yaglov VV, Tsomartova DA, Nazimova SV, Tsomartova ES, Ivanova MY, Chereshneva EV, Lomanovskaya TA. Bilateral Shifts in Deuterium Supply Similarly Change Physiology of the Pituitary–Thyroid Axis, but Differentially Influence Na+/I− Symporter Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076803. [PMID: 37047776 PMCID: PMC10095216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deuterium, a stable isotope of hydrogen, is abundant in organisms. It is known to produce various biological effects. However, its impact in thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion is poorly studied. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the dynamics of thyroid hormones and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion during bilateral shifts in deuterium supply and assess a possible role of the Na+/I− symporter (NIS), the main iodide transporter, in altered thyroid function. The experiment was performed on adult male Wistar rats, which consumed deuterium-depleted ([D] = 10 ppm) and deuterium-enriched ([D] = 500,000 ppm) water for 21 days. The assessment of total thyroxine and triiodothyronine and their free fractions, as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone in blood serum, revealed the rapid response of the thyroid gland to shifts in the deuterium/protium balance. The present investigation shows that the bilateral changes in the deuterium body content similarly modulate thyroid hormone production and functional activity of the pituitary gland, but the responses of the thyroid and pituitary glands differ. The response of the thyroid cells was to increase the synthesis of the hormones and the pituitary thyrotropes, in order to reduce the production of the thyroid-stimulating hormone. The evaluation of NIS serum levels found a gradual increase in the rats that consumed deuterium-enriched water and no differences in the group exposed to deuterium depletion. NIS levels in both groups did not correlate with thyroid hormones and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone production. The data obtained show that thyroid gland has a higher sensitivity to shifts in the deuterium body content than the hypothalamic–pituitary complex, which responded later but similarly in the case of deuteration or deuterium depletion. It indicates a different sensitivity of the endocrine glands to alterations in deuterium content. It suggests that thyroid hormone production rate may depend on deuterium blood/tissue and cytosol/organelle gradients, which possibly disturb the secretory process independently of the NIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya V. Yaglova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Obernikhin
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P. Timokhina
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin V. Yaglov
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dibakhan A. Tsomartova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Nazimova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elina S. Tsomartova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Y. Ivanova
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V. Chereshneva
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Lomanovskaya
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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Doggui R, McCormick BJ, Caulfield LE, Schulze KJ, Murray-Kolb LE. Adequacy of Iodine Status and Associations with Gut Health: A Prospective Cohort Study among Infants in 8 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Nutr 2023; 153:828-838. [PMID: 36797135 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental enteric dysfunction increases the likelihood of micronutrient deficiencies among infants, but few studies have assessed the potential impact of gut health on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among this vulnerable group. OBJECTIVES We describe the trends of iodine status among infants from 6 to 24 mo old and examine the associations between intestinal permeability, inflammation, and UIC from 6 to 15 mo of age. METHODS Data from 1557 children enrolled in this birth cohort study conducted in 8 sites were included in these analyses. UIC was measured at 6, 15, and 24 mo of age by using the Sandell-Kolthoff technique. Gut inflammation and permeability were assessed using the concentrations of fecal neopterin (NEO), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), and lactulose-mannitol ratio (LM). A multinomial regression analysis was used to assess the classified UIC (deficiency or excess). Linear mixed regression was used to test the effect of interactions among biomarkers on logUIC. RESULTS All studied populations had adequate (≥100 μg/L) to excess (≥371 μg/L) median UIC at 6 mo. Between 6 and 24 mo, 5 sites displayed a significant decline in the infant's median UIC. However, median UIC remained within the optimal range. An increase of NEO and MPO concentrations by +1 unit in ln scale reduced the risk of low UIC by 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78-0.97) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77-0.95), respectively. AAT moderated the association between NEO and UIC (P < 0.0001). The shape of this association appears to be asymmetric and in a reverse J-shape, with a higher UIC observed at both lower NEO and AAT concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Excess UIC was frequent at 6 mo and tended to normalize at 24 mo. Aspects of gut inflammation and increased permeability appear to reduce the prevalence of low UIC in children aged 6 to 15 mo. Programs addressing iodine-related health should consider the role of gut permeability in vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhouene Doggui
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | | | - Laura E Caulfield
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kerry J Schulze
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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10
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Chakrabarti M, Amzel LM, Lau AY. Sodium/Iodide Symporter Metastable Intermediates Provide Insights into Conformational Transition between Principal Thermodynamic States. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1540-1551. [PMID: 36758032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS), a 13-helix transmembrane protein found in the thyroid and other tissues, transports iodide, a required constituent of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Despite extensive experimental information and clinical data, structural details of the intermediate microstates comprising the conformational transition of NIS between its inwardly and outwardly open states remain unresolved. We present data from a combination of enhanced sampling and transition path molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that elucidate the principal intermediate states comprising the inwardly to outwardly open transition of fully bound and apo NIS under an enforced ionic gradient. Our findings suggest that in both the absence and presence of bound physiological ions, NIS principally occupies a proximally inward to inwardly open state. When fully bound, NIS is also found to occupy a rare "inwardly occluded" state. The results of this work provide novel insight into the populations of NIS intermediates and the free energy landscape comprising the conformational transition, adding to a mechanistic understanding of NIS ion transport. Moreover, the knowledge gained from this approach can serve as a basis for studies of NIS mutants to target therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayukh Chakrabarti
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., PO Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Albert Y Lau
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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11
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Bílek R, Danzig V, Grimmichová T. Antiviral activity of amiodarone in SARS-CoV-2 disease. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amiodarone seems to exhibit some antiviral activity in the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Here we have examined the SARS-CoV-2 disease course in the entire population of the Czech Republic and compared it with the course of the disease in patients treated with amiodarone in two major Prague’s hospitals. In the whole population of the Czech Republic SARS-CoV-2 infected 1665070 persons (15.6 %) out of 10694000 (100 %) between 1 April 2020 and 30 June 2021. In the same time period only 35 patients (3.4 %) treated with amiodarone were infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus out of 1032 patients (100 %) who received amiodarone. It appears that amiodarone can prevent SARS-CoV-2 virus infection by multiple mechanisms. In in-vitro experiments it exhibits SARS-CoV-2 virus replication inhibitions. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it may have beneficial effect on the complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 as well. Additionally, inorganic iodine released from amiodarone can be converted to hypoiodite (IO-), which has antiviral and antibacterial activity, and thus can affect the life cycle of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bílek
- Institute of Endocrinology, Národní 8, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic. ,
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12
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de la Rosa A, Metzendorf NG, Morrison JI, Faresjö R, Rofo F, Petrovic A, O’Callaghan P, Syvänen S, Hultqvist G. Introducing or removing heparan sulfate binding sites does not alter brain uptake of the blood-brain barrier shuttle scFv8D3. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21479. [PMID: 36509864 PMCID: PMC9744743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly limits the delivery of protein-based drugs into the brain and is a major obstacle for the treatment of brain disorders. Targeting the transferrin receptor (TfR) is a strategy for transporting protein-based drugs into the brain, which can be utilized by using TfR-binding BBB transporters, such as the TfR-binding antibody 8D3. In this current study, we investigated if binding to heparan sulfate (HS) contributes to the brain uptake of a single chain fragment variable of 8D3 (scFv8D3). We designed and produced a scFv8D3 mutant, engineered with additional HS binding sites, HS(+)scFv8D3, to assess whether increased HS binding would improve brain uptake. Additionally, a mutant with a reduced number of HS binding sites, HS(-)scFv8D3, was also engineered to see if reducing the HS binding sites could also affect brain uptake. Heparin column chromatography showed that only the HS(+)scFv8D3 mutant bound HS in the experimental conditions. Ex vivo results showed that the brain uptake was unaffected by the introduction or removal of HS binding sites, which indicates that scFv8D3 is not dependent on the HS binding sites for brain uptake. Conversely, introducing HS binding sites to scFv8D3 decreased its renal excretion while removing them had the opposite effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés de la Rosa
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicole G. Metzendorf
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jamie I. Morrison
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Faresjö
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fadi Rofo
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alex Petrovic
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul O’Callaghan
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Greta Hultqvist
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Afanasiev DE, Kaminskyi OV, Loganovska TK, Kopylova OV, Chikalova IG, Muraviova IM, Dombrovska NS. PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS, COMPLICATIONS, MISCONCEPTIONS AND DEBATABLE ISSUES OF IODINE PROPHYLAXIS IN RADIATION EVENTS (REVIEW). PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2022; 27:25-59. [PMID: 36582080 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2022-27-25-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prerequisite. Since the advent of nuclear energy, industry and weapons, a possibility of radiation events i.e. incidents and accidents had emerged. Given the presence of radioactive iodine as part of environmental contamination, the response of authorities and medical services consists, in particular, in carrying out the emergency iodine prophylaxis among specialists and general population. And along with the fact that emergency iodine prophylaxis is a generally accepted measure in radiation events accompanied by the release of radioactive iodine, some methods of its implementation were and remain in certain sources and instructions/recommendations contradictory and even false. Such inconsistency increases the potential risks of health effects of radioactive iodine and exacerbates the sense of fear and uncertainty among the population involved in the incident. OBJECTIVE to consider and review the essence of emergency iodine prophylaxis during radiation events, physiological aspects of iodine metabolism in the body, properties of individual iodine prophylaxis agents that are recommended, and to justify the rationality of using some of them along with absurdity/inadmissibility of others; substantiate the creation of a unified preventive information strategy regarding the event in order to reduce anxiety and other negative psychological consequences among the affected population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review was performed by searching the abstract and scientometric databases and printed publications. RESULTS In the event of serious radiation events at nuclear power plants and industry facilities, radioactive iodine is highly likely to enter the environment. With the threat of radioactive iodine incorporation or with its incorporation that has already begun, it is absolutely necessary to carry out the emergency iodine prophylaxis. Such prevention should be carried out with stable iodine preparations such as potassium iodide or potassium iodate in special pharmaceutical formulas. Dosing of drugs in age and population groups should be carried out by specialists in radiation medicine and radiation safety in accordance with internationally recognized guidelines. The use of iodinecontaining food additives, iodine solution for external use and Lugol's solution is categorically unacceptable due to complete ineffectiveness, impracticality of implementation, and sometimes due to the threat of serious harm to health. CONCLUSIONS Clear preparedness plans for possible radiation accidents and incidents, as well as successfullyimplemented appropriate preventive measures, including emergency iodine prophylaxis, are crucial for the effective and successful response to such events. Emergency iodine prophylaxis during radiation events should be carried out exclusively under the guidance of specialists in radiation medicine and radiation safety using special pharmaceutical formulas of potassium iodide or potassium iodate in doses recognized by the international scientific community. Other means of emergency iodine prophylaxis, including «handicraft»/home preparations, are absolutely unacceptable. Implementation of this protective measure should be accompanied by a coordinated information campaign in order to minimize purely radiation risks and to preserve the psychological well-being of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Afanasiev
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O V Kaminskyi
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - T K Loganovska
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O V Kopylova
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - I G Chikalova
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - I M Muraviova
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N S Dombrovska
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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14
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BÍLEK R, DANZIG V, GRIMMICHOVÁ T. Antiviral activity of amiodarone in SARS-CoV-2 disease. Physiol Res 2022; 71:869-875. [PMID: 36426888 PMCID: PMC9814990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amiodarone seems to exhibit some antiviral activity in the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Here we have examined the SARS-CoV-2 disease course in the entire population of the Czech Republic and compared it with the course of the disease in patients treated with amiodarone in two major Prague's hospitals. In the whole population of the Czech Republic SARS-CoV-2 infected 1665070 persons (15.6 %) out of 10694000 (100 %) between 1 April 2020 and 30 June 2021. In the same time period only 35 patients (3.4 %) treated with amiodarone were infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus out of 1032 patients (100 %) who received amiodarone. It appears that amiodarone can prevent SARS-CoV-2 virus infection by multiple mechanisms. In in-vitro experiments it exhibits SARS-CoV-2 virus replication inhibitions. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it may have beneficial effect on the complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 as well. Additionally, inorganic iodine released from amiodarone can be converted to hypoiodite (IO-), which has antiviral and antibacterial activity, and thus can affect the life cycle of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vilém DANZIG
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Angiology, Charles University, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza GRIMMICHOVÁ
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic,The University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Matta Coelho C, Guimarães J, Bracchi I, Xavier Moreira N, Pinheiro C, Ferreira P, Pestana D, Barreiros Mota I, Cortez A, Prucha C, Martins C, Pinto E, Almeida A, Delerue-Matos C, Dias CC, Moreira-Rosário A, Ribeiro de Azevedo LF, Cruz Fernandes V, Ramalho C, Calhau C, Brantsæter AL, Costa Leite J, Keating E. Noncompliance to iodine supplementation recommendation is a risk factor for iodine insufficiency in Portuguese pregnant women: results from the IoMum cohort. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1865-1874. [PMID: 35635644 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE After a recommendation for iodine supplementation in pregnancy has been issued in 2013 in Portugal, there were no studies covering iodine status in pregnancy in the country. The aim of this study was to assess iodine status in pregnant women in Porto region and its association with iodine supplementation. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, from April 2018 to April 2019. Pregnant women attending the 1st trimester ultrasound scan were invited to participate. Exclusion criteria were levothyroxine use, gestational age < 10 and ≥ 14 weeks, non-evolutive pregnancy at recruitment and non-signing of informed consent. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured in random spot urine by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Median UIC was 104 μg/L (IQR 62-189) in the overall population (n = 481) of which 19% had UIC < 50 µg/L. Forty three percent (n = 206) were not taking an iodine-containing supplement (ICS) and median UIC values were 146 µg/L (IQR 81-260) and 74 µg/L (IQR 42-113) in ICS users and non-users, respectively (p < 0.001). Not using an ICS was an independent risk factor for iodine insufficiency [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 6.00 (2.74, 13.16); p < 0.001]. Iodised salt use was associated with increased median iodine-to-creatinine ratio (p < 0.014). CONCLUSIONS A low compliance to iodine supplementation recommendation in pregnancy accounted for a mild-to-moderately iodine deficiency. Our results evidence the need to support iodine supplementation among pregnant women in countries with low household coverage of iodised salt. Trial registration number NCT04010708, registered on the 8th July 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matta Coelho
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Guimarães
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - I Bracchi
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - N Xavier Moreira
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - C Pinheiro
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - D Pestana
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School│FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Porto, Portugal
| | - I Barreiros Mota
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School│FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Cortez
- Medicina Laboratorial Dr. Carlos Torres, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Prucha
- Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Martins
- Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - E Pinto
- REQUIMTE//LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, P.Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Almeida
- REQUIMTE//LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C C Dias
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Moreira-Rosário
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School│FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Porto, Portugal
| | - L F Ribeiro de Azevedo
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - V Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Ramalho
- Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Ginecology-Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, i3S, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Calhau
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School│FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Porto, Portugal
| | - A-L Brantsæter
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Costa Leite
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - E Keating
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
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Andrade PHM, Henry N, Volkringer C, Loiseau T, Vezin H, Hureau M, Moissette A. Iodine Uptake by Zr-/Hf-Based UiO-66 Materials: The Influence of Metal Substitution on Iodine Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29916-29933. [PMID: 35758325 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many works reported the encapsulation of iodine in metal-organic frameworks as well as the I2 → I3- chemical conversion. This transformation has been examined by adsorbing gaseous iodine on a series of UiO-66 materials and the different Hf/Zr metal ratios (0-100% Hf) were evaluated during the evolution of I2 into I3-. The influence of the hafnium content on the UiO-66 structure was highlighted by PXRD, SEM images, and gas sorption tests. The UiO-66(Hf) presented smaller lattice parameter (a = 20.7232 Å), higher crystallite size (0.18 ≤ Φ ≤ 3.33 μm), and smaller SSABET (818 m2·g-1) when compared to its parent UiO-66(Zr) ─ a = 20.7696 Å, 100 ≤ Φ ≤ 250 nm, and SSABET = 1262 m2·g-1. The effect of replacing Zr atoms by Hf in the physical properties of the UiO-66 was deeply evaluated by a spectroscopic study using UV-vis, FTIR, and Raman characterizations. In this case, the Hf presence reduced the band gap of the UiO-66, from 4.07 eV in UiO-66(Zr) to 3.98 eV in UiO-66(Hf). Furthermore, the UiO-66(Hf) showed a blue shift for several FTIR and Raman bands, indicating a stiffening on the implied interatomic bonds when comparing to UiO-66(Zr) spectra. Hafnium was found to clearly favor the capture of iodine [285 g·mol-1, against 230 g·mol-1 for UiO-66(Zr)] and the kinetic evolution of I2 into I3- after 16 h of I2 filtration. Three iodine species were typically identified by Raman spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. These species are as follows: "free" I2 (206 cm-1), "perturbed" I2 (173 cm-1), and I3- (115 and 141 cm-1). It was also verified, by FTIR spectroscopy, that the oxo and hydroxyl groups of the inorganic [M6O4(OH)4] (M = Zr, Hf) cluster were perturbed after the adsorption of I2 into UiO-66(Hf), which was ascribed to the higher acid character of Hf. Finally, with that in mind and considering that the EPR results discard the possibility of a redox phenomenon involving the tetravalent cations (Hf4+ or Zr4+), a mechanism was proposed for the conversion of I2 into I3- in UiO-66─based on an electron donor-acceptor complex between the aromatic ring of the BDC linker and the I2 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H M Andrade
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille─Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Natacha Henry
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, UMR 8181, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Volkringer
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, UMR 8181, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Loiseau
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, UMR 8181, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hervé Vezin
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille─Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Matthieu Hureau
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille─Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Alain Moissette
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE), Université de Lille─Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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17
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Dubal J, Arce P, South C, Florescu L. Cherenkov light emission in molecular radiation therapy of the thyroid and its application to dosimetry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2431-2449. [PMID: 35519238 PMCID: PMC9045923 DOI: 10.1364/boe.448139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerical experiments based on Monte Carlo simulations and clinical CT data are performed to investigate the spatial and spectral characteristics of Cherenkov light emission and the relationship between Cherenkov light intensity and deposited dose in molecular radiotherapy of hyperthyroidism and papillary thyroid carcinoma. It is found that Cherenkov light is emitted mostly in the treatment volume, the spatial distribution of Cherenkov light at the surface of the patient presents high-value regions at locations that depend on the symmetry and location of the treatment volume, and the surface light in the near-infrared spectral region originates from the treatment site. The effect of inter-patient variability in the tissue optical parameters and radioisotope uptake on the linear relationship between the dose absorbed by the treatment volume and Cherenkov light intensity at the surface of the patient is investigated, and measurements of surface light intensity for which this effect is minimal are identified. The use of Cherenkov light measurements at the patient surface for molecular radiation therapy dosimetry is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Dubal
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Arce
- CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher South
- Department of Medical Physics, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Florescu
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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Klosinska M, Kaczynska A, Ben-Skowronek I. Congenital Hypothyroidism in Preterm Newborns - The Challenges of Diagnostics and Treatment: A Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:860862. [PMID: 35370986 PMCID: PMC8972126 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.860862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm newborns are forced to adapt to harsh extrauterine conditions and endure numerous adversities despite their incomplete growth and maturity. The inadequate thyroid hormones secretion as well as the impaired regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis may lead to hypothyroxinemia. Two first weeks after birth are pivotal for brain neurons development, synaptogenesis and gliogenesis. The decreased level of thyroxine regardless of cause may lead to delayed mental development. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a disorder highly prevalent in premature neonates and it originates from maternal factors, perinatal and labor complications, genetic abnormalities, thyroid malformations as well as side effects of medications and therapeutic actions. Because of that, the prevention is not fully attainable. CH manifests clinically in a few distinctive forms: primary, permanent or transient, and secondary. Their etiologies and implications bear little resemblance. Therefore, the exact diagnosis and differentiation between the subtypes of CH are crucial in order to plan an effective treatment. Hypothyroxinemia of prematurity indicates dynamic changes in thyroid hormone levels dependent on neonatal postmenstrual age, which directly affects patient's maintenance and wellbeing. The basis of a successful treatment relies on an early and accurate diagnosis. Neonatal screening is a recommended method of detecting CH in preterm newborns. The preferred approach involves testing serum TSH and fT4 concentrations and assessing their levels according to the cut-off values. The possible benefits also include the evaluation of CH subtype. Nevertheless, the reference range of thyroid hormones varies all around the world and impedes the introduction of universal testing recommendations. Unification of the methodology in neonatal screening would be advantageous for prevention and management of CH. Current guidelines recommend levothyroxine treatment of CH in preterm infants only when the diagnose is confirmed. Moreover, they underline the importance of the re-evaluation among preterm born infants due to the frequency of transient forms of hypothyroidism. However, results from multiple clinical trials are mixed and depend on the newborn's gestational age at birth. Some benefits of treatment are seen especially in the preterm infants born <29 weeks' gestation. The discrepancies among trials and guidelines create an urgent need to conduct more large sample size studies that could provide further analyses and consensus. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on congenital hypothyroidism in preterm infants. We discuss screening and treatment options and demonstrate present challenges and controversies.
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Błażewicz A, Niziński P, Dolliver I, Dolliver W, Makarewicz A, Skórzyńska-Dziduszko K. Alterations of urinary perchlorate levels in euthyroid postpubertal children with autism spectrum disorder. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126800. [PMID: 34102587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perchlorates ClO4(-) are known environmental and food contaminants that act as inhibitors of iodine uptake by the thyroid gland; however, information concerning their possible association with the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still missing. The current study is first presenting the alterations in perchlorate urine levels in euthyroid children with ASD. OBJECTIVES To examine urinary perchlorates and iodides in euthyroid children diagnosed with ASD, compared to age-, and BMI-matched neurotypical controls, and to verify the association between these two ions in ASD. METHODS Ions were determined in 24 h urine samples determined by ion chromatography-conductivity cell detection (IC-CD) and ion chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection (IC-PAD) techniques, respectively, in a total of 130 postpubertal euthyroid children with normal BMI (the mean age 14.46 years, SD = 1.32; the mean BMI 20.6, SD = 1.37), divided into age- and BMI-matched groups of ASD patients and neurotypical, healthy children (control). RESULTS The ASD group presented with significantly higher perchlorate urine levels than the controls (median = 1.05 μg/L, interquartile range(IQR) = 1.5 versus median = 0.09 μg/L, IQR = 0.097, respectively), as well as lower iodide urine levels (median = 100.2 μg/L, IQR = 37 versus median = 156.95 μg/L, IQR = 26.11, respectively). The ASD group presented significantly lower TSH and higher free thyroid hormone (fT4, fT3) levels than the controls. In regression analyses, perchlorate urine levels showed significant positive relationships with normal BMI values and serum TSH, and inverse relationships with serum fT4. Urinary iodide levels showed significant inverse relationships with BMI values. The absence of ASD was associated with decreased odds of perchlorate urine levels (OR = 0.012, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.0002-0.76), and increased odds of iodide urine levels (OR = 1.15, 95 %CI 1.05-1.27). CONCLUSIONS ASD may have an independent and significant impact on perchlorate as well as iodide levels in urine of euthyroid lean postpubertal children. Perchlorate levels do not appear to be directly associated with iodide levels in euthyroid children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Błażewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Niziński
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Dolliver
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dolliver
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Agata Makarewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439, Lublin, Poland
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Moleti M, Di Mauro M, Paola G, Olivieri A, Vermiglio F. Nutritional iodine status and obesity. Thyroid Res 2021; 14:25. [PMID: 34838106 PMCID: PMC8626876 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-021-00116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Its availability strictly depends on iodine content of foods, which may vary from very low to very high. Inadequate iodine intake (deficiency or excess) may affect thyroid function resulting in hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Based on median urinary iodine concentrations, epidemiological criteria have been established for the categorization and monitoring of nutritional iodine status of a population (or subgroups of populations). Additional methods for iodine intake assessment include measurement of thyroid size (by thyroid palpation or ultrasonography) and of biochemical parameters, such as neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones. Recent studies carried out in overweight/obese children and adults provide evidence that body mass index (BMI) may significantly influence the above indicators, thus theoretically affecting the epidemiological evaluation of nutritional iodine status in populations. In this short review, we analyze current knowledge on the effects of overweight and obesity on indicators of adequacy and monitoring of iodine status, namely urinary iodine excretion and thyroid volume and echogenicity. Data on urinary iodine excretion in overweight/obese children are divergent, as both increased and reduced levels have been reported in overweight/obese children compared to normal-weight controls. Whether gastrointestinal surgery may affect iodine absorption and lead to iodine deficiency in patients undergoing bariatric surgery has been evaluated in a limited number of studies, which excluded iodine deficiency, thus suggesting that supplements usually recommended after bariatric surgery do not need to include iodine. Albeit limited, evidence on thyroid volume and obesity is consistent with a direct relationship between thyroid volume and BMI, irrespective of nutritional iodine status. Finally, a higher frequency of thyroid hypoechoic pattern has been described in overweight/obese children. This finding has been recently related to an increased adipocyte infiltration and thyroid parenchyma imbibition mediated by inflammatory cytokines and should be considered when the frequency of thyroid hypoechoic pattern is used as non-invasive marker to indirectly assess thyroid autoimmunity in monitoring Universal Salt Iodization programs. Further studies, specifically addressing the role of schoolchildren body mass index as a factor potentially influencing iodine intake indicators are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarla Moleti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Olivieri
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vermiglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Schwendimann L, Sivaprakasam I, Buvaneshwari S, Gurumurthy GP, Mishra S, Ruiz L, Sekhar M, Fleiss B, Riotte J, Mani S, Gressens P. Agricultural groundwater with high nitrates and dissolved salts given to pregnant mice alters brain development in the offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112635. [PMID: 34418854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the main source of drinking water for a significant portion of the human population. In many agricultural areas, diffuse pollution such as high levels of total dissolved salts including nitrate, puts the quality of this resource at risk. However, the effect of exposure to these water contaminants on brain development is currently poorly understood. Here we characterised water from a borewell located in an intensely cultivated area (agricultural) or water from a borewell located in a nearby pristine forest. The agricultural borewell water was rich in nitrates with high total dissolved salts. We then studied the consequence of drinking the agricultural water on mouse brain development. For this, the agricultural borewell water or forest water was given to mice for 6 weeks before and during pregnancy and lactation. The brains of the offspring born to these dams were analysed at postnatal day (P)5 and P21 and compared using immunohistochemistry for changes in glial cells, neurons, myelin, and cell death across many brain regions. Brains from offspring born to dams who had been given agricultural water (versus forest control water) were significantly smaller, and at P21 had a significant degeneration of neurons and increased numbers of microglia in the motor cortex, had fewer white matter astrocytes and an increase in cell death, particularly in the dentate gyrus. This study shows that brain development is sensitive to water composition. It points to the importance of assessing neurodevelopmental delays when considering the effect of water contaminated with agricultural run offs on human health. MAIN FINDING: Pregnant and lactating mice were given borewell water from intensely cultivated land. Offspring brains reveal degeneration of neurons and a loss of astrocytes, increase in microglial cells and cell death, pointing to neurodevelopmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gundiga P Gurumurthy
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP), Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Mishra
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Laurent Ruiz
- Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; GET, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, CNES, 31400 Toulouse, France; INRAE, Institut Agro, UMR SAS, Rennes, France
| | - Muddu Sekhar
- Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Université de Paris, Inserm UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France; RMIT University, STEM College, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jean Riotte
- Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; GET, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, CNES, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Shyamala Mani
- Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université de Paris, Inserm UMR 1141 NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France.
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Abstract
BACKGOUND Even a minor iodine deficiency can result in adverse thyroidal health consequences while excess iodine intake can also result in thyroid function disorders. One source of iodine is seaweed which as a foodstuff is enjoying an increasing profile in Western countries. Apart from its potential involvement in thyroidal health, gaseous iodine released from seaweeds plays a significant role in influencing coastal climate through cloud formation. SUMMARY Sources of dietary iodine, its assessment, recommended dietary intake, and consequences of iodine excess are outlined. The benefits and possible dangers of dietary intake of iodine-rich seaweed are described. Studies linking seaweed intake to breast cancer prevalence are discussed as is the role of gaseous iodine released from seaweeds influencing weather patterns and contributing to iodine intake in coastal populations. KEY MESSAGES Universal salt iodization remains the optimum method of achieving optimum iodine status. Promoting increased dietary iodine intake is recommended in young women, in early pregnancy, and in vegan and vegetarian diets. Even where iodine intake is enhanced, regular assessment of iodine status is necessary. Caution against consumption of brown seaweeds (kelps) is required as even small amounts can have antithyroid actions while product labelling may be insufficient. Gaseous iodine produced from seaweeds can have a significant effect on cloud formation and associated global warming/cooling. Increased overall iodine deposition through rainfall and apparent uptake in populations dwelling in seaweed-rich coastal regions may provide a partial natural remedy to global iodine deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P.A. Smyth
- *Peter P.A. Smyth, 8 Fairlawns Saval Park Road Dalkey, Co Dublin A96FX09 (Ireland),
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Bhaskar S, Singh AK, Das P, Jana P, Kanvah S, Bhaktha B N S, Ramamurthy SS. Superior Resonant Nanocavities Engineering on the Photonic Crystal-Coupled Emission Platform for the Detection of Femtomolar Iodide and Zeptomolar Cortisol. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:34323-34336. [PMID: 32597162 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although luminescence spectroscopy has been a promising sensing technology with widespread applications in point-of-care diagnostics and chem-bio detection, it fundamentally suffers from low signal collection efficiency, considerable background noise, poor photostability, and intrinsic omnidirectional emission properties. In this regard, surface plasmon-coupled emission, a versatile plasmon-enhanced detection platform with >50% signal collection efficiency, high directionality, and polarization has previously been explored to amplify the limit of detection of desired analytes. However, high Ohmic loss in metal-dependent plasmonic platforms has remained an inevitable challenge. Here, we develop a hybrid nanocavity interface on a template-free and loss-less photonic crystal-coupled emission (PCCE) platform by the quintessential integration of high refractive index dielectric Nd2O3 "Huygens sources" and sharp-edged silver nanoprisms (NPrs). While efficient forward light scattering characteristics of Nd2O3 nanorods (NRs) present 460-fold emission enhancements in PCCE, the tunable localized plasmon resonances of NPrs display high electromagnetic field confinement at sharp nanotips and protrusions, boosting the enhancements 947-fold. The judicious use of silver NPr (AgNPr) metal-Nd2O3 dielectric hybrid resonances in conjugation with surface-trapped Bloch surface waves of the one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPhC) displayed unprecedented >1300-fold enhancements. The experimental results are validated by excellent correlations with numerical calculations. The multifold hotspots generated by zero and nonzero nanogaps between the coassembly of NPrs, NRs, and 1DPhCs are used for (i) determination of hyper and hypothyroidism levels through monitoring the concentration of iodide (I-) ions and (ii) single-molecule detection (zeptomolar) of the stress hormone, cortisol, through the synthesized cortisol-rhodamine B conjugate obtained using a simple esterification reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seemesh Bhaskar
- STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar Singh
- STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134, India
| | - Pratyusha Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Palash Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Sriram Kanvah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Shivakiran Bhaktha B N
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sai Sathish Ramamurthy
- STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134, India
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Kudo T, Inano A, Midorikawa S, Kubo H, Hayashi K, Nakashima S, Fukushima C, Maeda K, Oriuchi N, Irie S, Yamashita S, Kusuhara H. Determination of the Kinetic Parameters for 123I Uptake by the Thyroid, Thyroid Weights, and Thyroid Volumes in Present-day Healthy Japanese Volunteers. HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 118:417-426. [PMID: 32015244 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the kinetic parameters that determine the uptake rate of radioiodide in the thyroid over 24 h after administration and to estimate thyroid volumes/masses of present-day Japanese. Methods: We determined the thyroid uptake rate of I in healthy male Japanese after oral administration (4.5-8.0 MBq) without iodine restriction. Masses of thyroid glands were collected in 2012-2016 during autopsies of 7,651 male and 3,331 female subjects. Volumes of thyroid glands were estimated by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in 52 male subjects. Results: The thyroid uptake rate of I for 24 h was 16.1 ± 5.4%. Kinetic model analysis was conducted to obtain the clearances (L h) for thyroid uptake and urinary excretion of I (0.499 ± 0.258 and 2.10 ± 0.39 L h, respectively). The masses of thyroid glands were on average 19.8 g (95% confidence interval of 18.3-19.5 g) and 15.5 g (95% confidence interval of 14.7-16.2 g) in male and female subjects aged 19-52 y, respectively. Volumes of thyroid glands estimated by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were 17.5 ± 5.2 and 14.2 ± 5.3 mL, respectively. In healthy Japanese, there has been no significant change for at least 50 y in the thyroid uptake of radioiodide over 24 h or in its kinetic parameters. These Japanese-specific kinetic parameters will allow quantitative estimation of the radiation exposure from the Fukushima accident and its variance during the individual's evacuation from or stay in Fukushima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kudo
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Inano
- Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sanae Midorikawa
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kubo
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kino Hayashi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Government Medical Examiner's Office, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sawako Nakashima
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chizu Fukushima
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Oriuchi
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shin Irie
- Souseikai Hakata Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Abbas M, Tayrab E, Elmakki A, Tayrab J, Al-Shahrani A, Miskeen E, Salih K. Primary Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism in King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2020; 12:e7166. [PMID: 32190524 PMCID: PMC7057246 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration in cord blood measured at birth has been proposed as an indicator of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Elevated TSH levels at birth were associated with cognitive and psychomotor disorders among young children. Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of CH using cord blood TSH screening among 2501 newborn infants in the period from January to November 2016 in Bisha Province, Saudi Arabia. Methodology This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted at King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha, which is a secondary care referral district general hospital with 400 beds. All neonates born in the designed period were included and screened according to the standard CH screening protocol. Data was collected from all neonates born in the designed period. The screening was performed according to the standard CH screening protocol. After birth, cord blood specimens were used. TSH was measured by Perkin Elmer ELISA machine. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). A p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant. Main results A total of 1308 (52.3%) neonates were males, while 1193 (47.7%) were females. Serum TSH levels were ranged from 0.01-73.9 µU/ml. The mean ± SD was (7.60 ± 6.02 µU/ml); the cutoff point was 25 µU/ml. Conclusion The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism among Saudi neonates in Bisha Province is 1:834, which is the highest in the rejoin. The prevalence of hypothyroidism from the total screened population was (0.12%). We recommended screening with special consideration to those with high TSH in the primary screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abbas
- Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU
| | - Eltayeb Tayrab
- Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, National Ribat University, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Abedelmonium Elmakki
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU
| | | | | | - Elhadi Miskeen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU
| | - Karimeldin Salih
- Pediatrics/Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU
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An evaluation of the USEPA Proposed Approaches for applying a biologically based dose-response model in a risk assessment for perchlorate in drinking water. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 103:237-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Waugh DT. Fluoride Exposure Induces Inhibition of Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS) Contributing to Impaired Iodine Absorption and Iodine Deficiency: Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition and Implications for Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1086. [PMID: 30917615 PMCID: PMC6466022 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is the plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates active iodide transport in the thyroid and other tissues, such as the salivary, gastric mucosa, rectal mucosa, bronchial mucosa, placenta and mammary glands. In the thyroid, NIS mediates the uptake and accumulation of iodine and its activity is crucial for the development of the central nervous system and disease prevention. Since the discovery of NIS in 1996, research has further shown that NIS functionality and iodine transport is dependent on the activity of the sodium potassium activated adenosine 5'-triphosphatase pump (Na+, K+-ATPase). In this article, I review the molecular mechanisms by which F inhibits NIS expression and functionality which in turn contributes to impaired iodide absorption, diminished iodide-concentrating ability and iodine deficiency disorders. I discuss how NIS expression and activity is inhibited by thyroglobulin (Tg), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and how fluoride upregulates expression and activity of these biomarkers. I further describe the crucial role of prolactin and megalin in regulation of NIS expression and iodine homeostasis and the effect of fluoride in down regulating prolactin and megalin expression. Among many other issues, I discuss the potential conflict between public health policies such as water fluoridation and its contribution to iodine deficiency, neurodevelopmental and pathological disorders. Further studies are warranted to examine these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Timothy Waugh
- EnviroManagement Services, 11 Riverview, Doherty's Rd, Bandon, Co. Cork, P72 YF10, Ireland.
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Investigation of adrenal and thyroid gland dysfunction in dogs with ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele formation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212638. [PMID: 30811473 PMCID: PMC6392329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder mucocele formation is an emerging disease in dogs characterized by increased secretion of condensed granules of gel-forming mucin by the gallbladder epithelium and formation of an abnormally thick mucus that can culminate in obstruction of the bile duct or rupture of the gallbladder. The disease is associated with a high morbidity and mortality and its pathogenesis is unknown. Affected dogs have a significantly increased likelihood of concurrent diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, and hyperlipidemia. Whether these endocrinopathies represent coincidental primary disease processes that exacerbate gallbladder mucocele formation in predisposed dogs or reflect a concurrent disruption of endocrine and lipid metabolism is unclear. In this study, we investigated a hypothesis that dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation would have a high prevalence of occult and atypical abnormalities in adrenal cortical and thyroid gland function that would suggest the presence of endocrine disruption and provide deeper insight into disease pathogenesis. We performed a case-control study of dogs with and without ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele formation and profiled adrenal cortical function using a quantitative mass spectrometry-based assay of serum adrenal-origin steroids before and after administration of synthetic cosyntropin. We simultaneously profiled serum thyroid hormone concentrations and evaluated iodine sufficiency by measurement of urine iodine:creatinine ratios (UICR). The studies were complemented by histological examination of archival thyroid tissue and measurements of thyroid gland organic iodine from dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation and control dogs. Dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation demonstrated an exaggerated cortisol response to adrenal stimulation with cosyntropin. A prevalence of 10% of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation met laboratory-based criteria for suspect or definitive diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. A significantly greater number of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation had basal serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) increases compared to control dogs. A high percentage of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation (26%) met laboratory-based criteria for diagnosis of hypothyroidism, but lacked detection of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation had significantly higher UICRs than control dogs. Examination of thyroid tissue from an unrelated group of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation did not demonstrate histological evidence of thyroiditis or significant differences in content of organic iodine. These findings suggest that dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation have a greater capacity for cortisol synthesis and pinpoint DHEAS elevations as a potential clue to the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. A high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction with absent evidence for autoimmune thyroiditis suggest a disrupted thyroid hormone metabolism in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation although an influence of non-thyroidal illness cannot be excluded. High UICR in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation is of undetermined significance, but of interest for further study.
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Chen X, Fang M, Chernick M, Wang F, Yang J, Yu Y, Zheng N, Teraoka H, Nanba S, Hiraga T, Hinton DE, Dong W. The case for thyroid disruption in early life stage exposures to thiram in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 271:73-81. [PMID: 30408483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thiram, a pesticide in the dithiocarbamate chemical family, is widely used to prevent fungal disease in seeds and crops. Its off-site movement to surface waters occurs and may place aquatic organisms at potential harm. Zebrafish embryos were used for investigation of acute (1 h) thiram exposure (0.001-10 µM) at various developmental stages. Survival decreased at 1 µM and 10 µM and hatching was delayed at 0.1 µM and 1 µM. Notochord curvatures were seen at 0.1 and 1 μM thiram when exposure was initiated at 2 and at 10 hpf. Similar notochord curvatures followed exposure to the known TPO inhibitor, methimazole (MMI). Changes were absent in embryos exposed at later stages, i.e., 12 hpf. In embryos exposed to 0.1 or 1 μM at 10 hpf, levels of the thyroid enzyme, Deiodinase 3, increased by 12 hpf. Thyroid peroxide (TPO), important in T4 synthesis, decreased by 48 hpf in embryos exposed to 1 µM at 10 hpf. Thiram toxicity was stage-dependent and early life stage exposure may be responsible for adverse effects seen later. These effects may be due to impacts on the thyroid via regulation of specific thyroid genes including TPO and Deiodinase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Melissa Chernick
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Yongli Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Hiroki Teraoka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - Satomi Nanba
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takeo Hiraga
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - David E Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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Zou M, Alzahrani AS, Al-Odaib A, Alqahtani MA, Babiker O, Al-Rijjal RA, BinEssa HA, Kattan WE, Al-Enezi AF, Al Qarni A, Al-Faham MSA, Baitei EY, Alsagheir A, Meyer BF, Shi Y. Molecular Analysis of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Saudi Arabia: SLC26A7 Mutation Is a Novel Defect in Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1889-1898. [PMID: 29546359 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder, affecting one in 3000 to 4000 newborns. Since the introduction of a newborn screening program in 1988, more than 300 cases have been identified. The underlying genetic defects have not been systematically studied. OBJECTIVE To identify the mutation spectrum of CH-causing genes. METHODS Fifty-five patients from 47 families were studied by next-generation exome sequencing. RESULTS Mutations were identified in 52.7% of patients (29 of 55) in the following 11 genes: TG, TPO, DUOX2, SLC26A4, SLC26A7, TSHB, TSHR, NKX2-1, PAX8, CDCA8, and HOXB3. Among 30 patients with thyroid dyshormonogenesis, biallelic TG mutations were found in 12 patients (40%), followed by biallelic mutations in TPO (6.7%), SLC26A7 (6.7%), and DUOX2 (3.3%). Monoallelic SLC26A4 mutations were found in two patients, one of them coexisting with two tandem biallelic deletions in SLC26A7. In 25 patients with thyroid dysgenesis, biallelic mutations in TSHR were found in six patients (24%). Biallelic mutations in TSHB, PAX 8, NKX2-1, or HOXB3 were found once in four different patients. A monoallelic CDCA8 mutation was found in one patient. Most mutations were novel, including three TG, two TSHR, and one each in DUOX2, TPO, SLC26A7, TSHB, NKX2-1, PAX8, CDCA8, and HOXB3. SLC26A7 and HOXB3 were novel genes associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis and dysgenesis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TG and TSHR mutations are the most common genetic defects in Saudi patients with CH. The prevalence of other disease-causing mutations is low, reflecting the consanguineous nature of the population. SLC26A7 mutations appear to be associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjing Zou
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alzahrani
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al-Odaib
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Omer Babiker
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua A Al-Rijjal
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda A BinEssa
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa E Kattan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar F Al-Enezi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al Qarni
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar S A Al-Faham
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa Y Baitei
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Alsagheir
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yufei Shi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Radioactive iodines emitted following nuclear accidents are responsible for the dramatic increase of the late-onset thyroid cancer. Until the Fukushima disaster, a single dose of potassium iodide (KI) has been considered as an efficient countermeasure. Indeed, recently it has been suggested that repeated administration of KI may be necessary to ensure adequate protection in case of protracted exposure. Whereas, the effect of a single dose of KI has largely been studied ensuring its safety, studies regarding adverse effects of repeated iodine thyroid blocking (ITB) administration are scarce. Our objective was to assess the long term overall impact of KI in adult rats after repeated intake. Adult Wistar rats were subjected to either KI or saline solution over eight days. Biochemical homeostasis, hormones level, autoimmunity status, thyroid morphology and thyroid transcriptome profile were analyzed thirty days after the discontinuation of KI administration. Biochemical parameters, plasma levels of TSH; thyroid hormones; anti-TPO and anti-Tg did not differ between treated and control rats, the thyroid histology was not affected by the treatment and no long term transcriptome signature attributable to the treatment was noticed. Based on these data, we conclude the safety of repeated KI intake in adult rats; these data are prominent and may contribute to the ongoing development of KI guidelines and marketing authorization.
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32
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Goff JP. Invited review: Mineral absorption mechanisms, mineral interactions that affect acid-base and antioxidant status, and diet considerations to improve mineral status. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2763-2813. [PMID: 29397180 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several minerals are required for life to exist. In animals, 7 elements (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, and S) are required to be present in the diet in fairly large amounts (grams to tens of grams each day for the dairy cow) and are termed macrominerals. Several other elements are termed microminerals or trace minerals because they are required in much smaller amounts (milligrams to micrograms each day). In most cases the mineral in the diet must be absorbed across the gastrointestinal mucosa and enter the blood if it is to be of value to the animal. The bulk of this review discusses the paracellular and transcellular mechanisms used by the gastrointestinal tract to absorb each of the various minerals needed. Unfortunately, particularly in ruminants, interactions between minerals and other substances within the diet can occur within the digestive tract that impair mineral absorption. The attributes of organic or chelated minerals that might permit diet minerals to circumvent factors that inhibit absorption of more traditional inorganic forms of these minerals are discussed. Once absorbed, minerals are used in many ways. One focus of this review is the effect macrominerals have on the acid-base status of the animal. Manipulation of dietary cation and anion content is commonly used as a tool in the dry period and during lactation to improve performance. A section on how the strong ion theory can be used to understand these effects is included. Many microminerals play a role in the body as cofactors of enzymes involved in controlling free radicals within the body and are vital to antioxidant capabilities. Those same minerals, when consumed in excess, can become pro-oxidants in the body, generating destructive free radicals. Complex interactions between minerals can compromise the effectiveness of a diet in promoting health and productivity of the cow. The objective of this review is to provide insight into some of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P Goff
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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McMullen J, Ghassabian A, Kohn B, Trasande L. Identifying Subpopulations Vulnerable to the Thyroid-Blocking Effects of Perchlorate and Thiocyanate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2637-2645. [PMID: 28430972 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Common environmental contaminants can disrupt normal thyroid function, which plays essential but varying roles at different ages. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate, three sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors, and thyroid function in different age-sex-stratified populations. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTION This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2009 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey evaluating the exposure to perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate in 3151 participants aged 12 to 80. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Blood serum free thyroxine (FT4) as both a continuous and categorical variable. We also assessed blood serum thyroid stimulating hormone. RESULTS Controlling for serum cotinine, body mass index, total daily energy consumption, race/ethnicity, and poverty-to-income ratio, for each log unit increase in perchlorate, FT4 decreased by 0.03 ng/dL in both the general population (P = 0.004) and in all women (P = 0.005), and by 0.06 ng/dL in adolescent girls (P = 0.029), corresponding to 4% and 8% decreases relative to median FT4, respectively. For each log unit increase thiocyanate, FT4 decreased by 0.07 ng/dL in adolescent boys (P = 0.003), corresponding to a 9% decrease relative to median FT4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that adolescent boys and girls represent vulnerable subpopulations to the thyroid-blocking effects of NIS symporter inhibitors. These results suggest a valuable screening and intervention opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenica McMullen
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10003
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Brenda Kohn
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10003
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10003
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10003
- Wagner School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York 10003
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York 10003
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Benke BP, Aich P, Kim Y, Kim KL, Rohman MR, Hong S, Hwang IC, Lee EH, Roh JH, Kim K. Iodide-Selective Synthetic Ion Channels Based on Shape-Persistent Organic Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7432-7435. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahiru Punja Benke
- Center
for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Pulakesh Aich
- Center
for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Lock Kim
- Center
for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Rumum Rohman
- Center
for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonsang Hong
- Center
for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Hwang
- Center
for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hui Lee
- Department
of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ho Roh
- Center
for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center
for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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35
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Applying a systems approach to thyroid physiology: Looking at the whole with a mitochondrial perspective instead of judging single TSH values or why we should know more about mitochondria to understand metabolism. BBA CLINICAL 2017; 7:127-140. [PMID: 28417080 PMCID: PMC5390562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Classical thinking in endocrine physiology squeezes our diagnostic handling into a simple negative feedback mechanism with a controller and a controlled variable. In the case of the thyroid this is reduced to TSH and fT3 and fT4, respectively. The setting of this tight notion has no free space for any additions. In this paper we want to challenge this model of limited application by proposing a construct based on a systems approach departing from two basic considerations. In first place since the majority of cases of thyroid disease develop and appear during life it has to be considered as an acquired condition. In the second place, our experience with the reversibility of morphological changes makes the autoimmune theory inconsistent. While medical complexity can expand into the era of OMICS as well as into one where manipulations with the use of knock-outs and -ins are common in science, we have preferred to maintain a simple and practical approach. We will describe the interactions of iron, magnesium, zinc, selenium and coenzyme Q10 with the thyroid axis. The discourse will be then brought into the context of ovarian function, i.e. steroid hormone production. Finally the same elemental players will be presented in relation to the basic mitochondrial machinery that supports the endocrine. We propose that an intact mitochondrial function can guard the normal endocrine function of both the thyroid as well as of the ovarian axis. The basic elements required for this function appear to be magnesium and iron. In the case of the thyroid, magnesium-ATP acts in iodine uptake and the heme protein peroxidase in thyroid hormone synthesis. A similar biochemical process is found in steroid synthesis with cholesterol uptake being the initial energy-dependent step and later the heme protein ferredoxin 1 which is required for steroid synthesis. Magnesium plays a central role in determining the clinical picture associated with thyroid disease and is also involved in maintaining fertility. With the aid of 3D sonography patients needing selenium and/or coenzyme Q10 can be easily identified. By this we firmly believe that physicians should know more about basic biochemistry and the way it fits into mitochondrial function in order to understand metabolism. Contemplating only TSH is highly reductionistic. Outline Author's profiles and motivation for this analysis The philosophical alternatives in science and medicine Reductionism vs. systems approach in clinical thyroid disease guidelines The entry into complexity: the involvement of the musculoskeletal system Integrating East and West: teachings from Chinese Medicine and from evidence based medicine (EBM) Can a mathematical model represent complexity in the daily thyroid practice? How effective is thyroxine treatment? Resolving the situation of residual symptoms in treated patients with thyroid disease Importance of iron, zinc and magnesium in relation to thyroid function Putting together new concepts related to thyroid function for a systems approach Expanding our model into general aspects of medicine
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Abstract
RATIONALE Hysterosalpingography (HSG), a standard procedure for the evaluation of women with infertility and repetitive pregnancy loss, is associated with complications such as uterine perforation, infection, allergic reactions, syncope, hemorrhage and shock, and pulmonary or retinal embolus. However, hyperthyroidism has not been reported as one of its complications. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES We report the case of a 33-year-old euthyroid woman who presented to our hospital with palpitation, hand tremor, fatigue, and excessive sweating after HSG. Thyroid function tests revealed a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level of 0.012 μIU/mL (range 0.38-4.34 μIU/mL), free T4 of 2.886 ng/dL (range 0.81-1.89 ng/dL), and free T3 levels of 9.4 pg/mL (range 1.80-4.10 pg/mL), and antithyroglobulin antibody of 31.78 IU/mL (range <115 IU/mL). The triiodothyronine uptake was 3.057 ng/mL (range 0.66-1.92 ng/mL). Serum iodine (SI) and urinary iodine (UI) levels: SI of 4717.748 μg/L (range 45-90 μg/L) and UI of 18069.336 μg/L (range 26-705 μg/L). INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES The patient was diagnosed with iodine-induced hyperthyroidism (IIH), but was not treated with antithyroid drugs. She has spontaneously recovered and is pregnant currently. LESSONS This is the first reported case of overt IIH caused by HSG in a euthyroid patient without risk factors. It suggests that HSG also leads to excessive iodine absorption, which induces secondary hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Mao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital (Institute), Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Haixin Zhai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Chiamolera MI, Pazos-Moura CC, Wondisford FE. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1387-428. [PMID: 27347897 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis determines the set point of thyroid hormone (TH) production. Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of pituitary thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH), which acts at the thyroid to stimulate all steps of TH biosynthesis and secretion. The THs thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) control the secretion of TRH and TSH by negative feedback to maintain physiological levels of the main hormones of the HPT axis. Reduction of circulating TH levels due to primary thyroid failure results in increased TRH and TSH production, whereas the opposite occurs when circulating THs are in excess. Other neural, humoral, and local factors modulate the HPT axis and, in specific situations, determine alterations in the physiological function of the axis. The roles of THs are vital to nervous system development, linear growth, energetic metabolism, and thermogenesis. THs also regulate the hepatic metabolism of nutrients, fluid balance and the cardiovascular system. In cells, TH actions are mediated mainly by nuclear TH receptors (210), which modify gene expression. T3 is the preferred ligand of THR, whereas T4, the serum concentration of which is 100-fold higher than that of T3, undergoes extra-thyroidal conversion to T3. This conversion is catalyzed by 5'-deiodinases (D1 and D2), which are TH-activating enzymes. T4 can also be inactivated by conversion to reverse T3, which has very low affinity for THR, by 5-deiodinase (D3). The regulation of deiodinases, particularly D2, and TH transporters at the cell membrane control T3 availability, which is fundamental for TH action. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1387-1428, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania M Ortiga-Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria I Chiamolera
- Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fredic E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Barr ML, Chiu HK, Li N, Yeh MW, Rhee CM, Casillas J, Iskander PJ, Leung AM. Thyroid Dysfunction in Children Exposed to Iodinated Contrast Media. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2366-70. [PMID: 27018967 PMCID: PMC4891803 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Iodinated contrast media (ICM) is routinely used in imaging studies and contains several 100-fold the recommended daily allowance of iodine. OBJECTIVE To determine whether children exposed to ICM have a higher risk of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction. DESIGN This was a single-institution case-control study, examining patients with incident thyroid dysfunction aged less than 18 years from 2001 to 2015. Cases were matched 1:1 to euthyroid controls by age, sex, and race. SETTING This was a single-institution case-control study occurring at tertiary care center. PARTICIPANTS Cases were defined as those with thyroid dysfunction (by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes and/or 2 consecutive abnormal serum TSH values <6 mo apart). We analyzed 870 cases matched to 870 controls (64% female, 51% White). MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Using conditional logistic regression, the association between ICM exposure and the primary outcome, thyroid dysfunction, occurring within 2 years of exposure was assessed. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients received ICM, including 53 (6%) among cases and 16 (2%) among controls. The risk of incident hypothyroidism was significantly higher after ICM exposure (odds ratio 2.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-4.72; P < .01). The median interval between exposure and onset of hypothyroidism was 10.8 months (interquartile range, 6.6-17.9). In hypothyroid cases, the median serum TSH concentration was 6.5 mIU/L (interquartile range, 5.8-9.6). CONCLUSIONS ICM exposure increases the risk of incident hypothyroidism in pediatric patients. Children receiving ICM should be monitored for iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction, particularly during the first year after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan L Barr
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) David Geffen School of Medicine (M.L.B.), Los Angeles 90073, California; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (H.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Biomathematics (N.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Section of Endocrine Surgery (M.W.Y.), Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (C.M.R.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (J.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Radiology (P.J.I.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; and Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Veterans' Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Harvey K Chiu
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) David Geffen School of Medicine (M.L.B.), Los Angeles 90073, California; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (H.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Biomathematics (N.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Section of Endocrine Surgery (M.W.Y.), Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (C.M.R.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (J.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Radiology (P.J.I.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; and Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Veterans' Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Ning Li
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) David Geffen School of Medicine (M.L.B.), Los Angeles 90073, California; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (H.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Biomathematics (N.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Section of Endocrine Surgery (M.W.Y.), Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (C.M.R.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (J.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Radiology (P.J.I.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; and Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Veterans' Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Michael W Yeh
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) David Geffen School of Medicine (M.L.B.), Los Angeles 90073, California; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (H.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Biomathematics (N.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Section of Endocrine Surgery (M.W.Y.), Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (C.M.R.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (J.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Radiology (P.J.I.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; and Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Veterans' Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Connie M Rhee
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) David Geffen School of Medicine (M.L.B.), Los Angeles 90073, California; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (H.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Biomathematics (N.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Section of Endocrine Surgery (M.W.Y.), Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (C.M.R.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (J.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Radiology (P.J.I.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; and Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Veterans' Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Jacqueline Casillas
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) David Geffen School of Medicine (M.L.B.), Los Angeles 90073, California; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (H.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Biomathematics (N.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Section of Endocrine Surgery (M.W.Y.), Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (C.M.R.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (J.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Radiology (P.J.I.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; and Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Veterans' Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Paul J Iskander
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) David Geffen School of Medicine (M.L.B.), Los Angeles 90073, California; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (H.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Biomathematics (N.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Section of Endocrine Surgery (M.W.Y.), Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (C.M.R.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (J.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Radiology (P.J.I.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; and Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Veterans' Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Angela M Leung
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) David Geffen School of Medicine (M.L.B.), Los Angeles 90073, California; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (H.K.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Biomathematics (N.L.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Section of Endocrine Surgery (M.W.Y.), Department of Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (C.M.R.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (J.C.), Department of Pediatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Radiology (P.J.I.), UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073; and Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L.), Veterans' Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073
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Leonard JA, Tan YM, Gilbert M, Isaacs K, El-Masri H. Estimating Margin of Exposure to Thyroid Peroxidase Inhibitors Using High-Throughput in vitro Data, High-Throughput Exposure Modeling, and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:57-70. [PMID: 26865668 PMCID: PMC4914794 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some pharmaceuticals and environmental chemicals bind the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme and disrupt thyroid hormone production. The potential for TPO inhibition is a function of both the binding affinity and concentration of the chemical within the thyroid gland. The former can be determined through in vitro assays, and the latter is influenced by pharmacokinetic properties, along with environmental exposure levels. In this study, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was integrated with a pharmacodynamic (PD) model to establish internal doses capable of inhibiting TPO in relation to external exposure levels predicted through exposure modeling. The PBPK/PD model was evaluated using published serum or thyroid gland chemical concentrations or circulating thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormone levels measured in rats and humans. After evaluation, the model was used to estimate human equivalent intake doses resulting in reduction of T4 and T3 levels by 10% (ED10) for 6 chemicals of varying TPO-inhibiting potencies. These chemicals were methimazole, 6-propylthiouracil, resorcinol, benzophenone-2, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and triclosan. Margin of exposure values were estimated for these chemicals using the ED10 and predicted population exposure levels for females of child-bearing age. The modeling approach presented here revealed that examining hazard or exposure alone when prioritizing chemicals for risk assessment may be insufficient, and that consideration of pharmacokinetic properties is warranted. This approach also provides a mechanism for integrating in vitro data, pharmacokinetic properties, and exposure levels predicted through high-throughput means when interpreting adverse outcome pathways based on biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Leonard
- *Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831; National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Yu-Mei Tan
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Mary Gilbert
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Kristin Isaacs
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Hisham El-Masri
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
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Piątkowska E, Kopeć A, Bieżanowska-Kopeć R, Pysz M, Kapusta-Duch J, Koronowicz AA, Smoleń S, Skoczylas Ł, Ledwożyw-Smoleń I, Rakoczy R, Maślak E. The Impact of Carrot Enriched in Iodine through Soil Fertilization on Iodine Concentration and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152680. [PMID: 27043135 PMCID: PMC4820277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine is one of the trace elements which are essential for mammalian life. The major objective of iodine biofortification of plants is to obtain food rich in this trace element, which may increase its consumption by various populations. Additionally, it may reduce the risk of iodine deficiency diseases. In this research for the first time we have assessed the bioavailability of iodine from raw or cooked carrot biofortified with this trace element on iodine concentration in selected tissues and various biochemical parameters as well as mRNA expression of some genes involved in iodine metabolism in Wistar rats. Statistically, a significantly higher iodine level was determined in urine, faeces and selected tissues of rats fed a diet containing biofortified raw carrot as compared to a diet without iodine and a diet containing control cooked carrot. Biofortified raw carrot significantly increased triiodothyronine concentration as compared to animals from other experimental groups. The highest thyroid stimulating hormone level was determined in rats fed control cooked carrots. mRNA expression of selected genes was affected by different dietary treatment in rats’ hearts. Biofortified raw and cooked carrot could be taken into account as a potential source of iodine in daily diets to prevent iodine deficiency in various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Piątkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka,122, 30–149, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Aneta Kopeć
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka,122, 30–149, Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Bieżanowska-Kopeć
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka,122, 30–149, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosław Pysz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka,122, 30–149, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Kapusta-Duch
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka,122, 30–149, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Agnieszka Koronowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka,122, 30–149, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwester Smoleń
- Unit of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31–425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Skoczylas
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Mushroom Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30–149, Krakow, Poland
| | - Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń
- Unit of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31–425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roksana Rakoczy
- Unit of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31–425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Maślak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30–060, Krakow, Poland
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Javidi A, Rafiei N, Amin MM, Hovsepian S, Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R, Taghian Z, Mofateh S, Poursafa P. The Relationship between Perchlorate in Drinking Water and Cord Blood Thyroid Hormones: First Experience from Iran. Int J Prev Med 2015; 6:17. [PMID: 25789149 PMCID: PMC4362289 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.151826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Considering the controversial information regarding the effects of perchlorate on thyroid function of high risk population as neonates, and given the high prevalence rate of thyroid disorders specially congenital hypothyroidism in our region, this study aims to investigate for the first time in Iran, the relationship between drinking groundwater perchlorate and cord blood thyroid hormones level in an industrial region. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, drinking groundwater perchlorate level of rural areas of Zarinshahr, Isfahan was measured. Simultaneously, cord blood level of thyroid hormones of neonates born in the studied region was measured. Thyroid function test of neonates in regions with low and high perchlorate level were compared. Results: In this study, 25 tap water samples were obtained for perchlorate measurement. Level of cord blood thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), T4 and T3 of 25 neonates were measured. Mean (standard deviation) of perchlorate, TSH, T4 and T3 was 3.59 (5.10) μg/l, 7.81 (4.14) mIU/m, 6.06 (0.85) mg/dl, and 63.46 (17.53) mg/dl, respectively. Mean levels of thyroid function tests were not different in low (<5 μg/l) and high level of drinking ground water perchlorate (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Perchlorate did not appear to be related to thyroid function of neonates in the studied industrial region. It seems that iodine status of the regions, as well as other environmental contaminants and genetic background, could impact on its relation with thyroid function of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Javidi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Rafiei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Silva Hovsepian
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahin Hashemipour
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Taghian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mofateh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parinaz Poursafa
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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