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Majchrzak K, Hentschel E, Hönzke K, Geithe C, von Maltzahn J. We need to talk-how muscle stem cells communicate. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1378548. [PMID: 39050890 PMCID: PMC11266305 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1378548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the tissues with the highest ability to regenerate, a finely controlled process which is critically depending on muscle stem cells. Muscle stem cell functionality depends on intrinsic signaling pathways and interaction with their immediate niche. Upon injury quiescent muscle stem cells get activated, proliferate and fuse to form new myofibers, a process involving the interaction of multiple cell types in regenerating skeletal muscle. Receptors in muscle stem cells receive the respective signals through direct cell-cell interaction, signaling via secreted factors or cell-matrix interactions thereby regulating responses of muscle stem cells to external stimuli. Here, we discuss how muscle stem cells interact with their immediate niche focusing on how this controls their quiescence, activation and self-renewal and how these processes are altered in age and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Majchrzak
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Erik Hentschel
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Katja Hönzke
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Geithe
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Julia von Maltzahn
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty for Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus—Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
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2
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Valamparamban GF, Spéder P. Homemade: building the structure of the neurogenic niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275963. [PMID: 38107074 PMCID: PMC10722289 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells live in an intricate cellular environment, the neurogenic niche, which supports their function and enables neurogenesis. The niche is made of a diversity of cell types, including neurons, glia and the vasculature, which are able to signal to and are structurally organised around neural stem/progenitor cells. While the focus has been on how individual cell types signal to and influence the behaviour of neural stem/progenitor cells, very little is actually known on how the niche is assembled during development from multiple cellular origins, and on the role of the resulting topology on these cells. This review proposes to draw a state-of-the art picture of this emerging field of research, with the aim to expose our knowledge on niche architecture and formation from different animal models (mouse, zebrafish and fruit fly). We will span its multiple aspects, from the existence and importance of local, adhesive interactions to the potential emergence of larger-scale topological properties through the careful assembly of diverse cellular and acellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Spéder
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Structure and Signals in the Neurogenic Niche, Paris, France
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3
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Banach-Latapy A, Rincheval V, Briand D, Guénal I, Spéder P. Differential adhesion during development establishes individual neural stem cell niches and shapes adult behaviour in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002352. [PMID: 37943883 PMCID: PMC10635556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in a defined cellular microenvironment, the niche, which supports the generation and integration of newborn neurons. The mechanisms building a sophisticated niche structure around NSCs and their functional relevance for neurogenesis are yet to be understood. In the Drosophila larval brain, the cortex glia (CG) encase individual NSC lineages in membranous chambers, organising the stem cell population and newborn neurons into a stereotypic structure. We first found that CG wrap around lineage-related cells regardless of their identity, showing that lineage information builds CG architecture. We then discovered that a mechanism of temporally controlled differential adhesion using conserved complexes supports the individual encasing of NSC lineages. An intralineage adhesion through homophilic Neuroglian interactions provides strong binding between cells of a same lineage, while a weaker interaction through Neurexin-IV and Wrapper exists between NSC lineages and CG. Loss of Neuroglian results in NSC lineages clumped together and in an altered CG network, while loss of Neurexin-IV/Wrapper generates larger yet defined CG chamber grouping several lineages together. Axonal projections of newborn neurons are also altered in these conditions. Further, we link the loss of these 2 adhesion complexes specifically during development to locomotor hyperactivity in the resulting adults. Altogether, our findings identify a belt of adhesions building a neurogenic niche at the scale of individual stem cell and provide the proof of concept that niche properties during development shape adult behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Banach-Latapy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Structure and Signals in the Neurogenic Niche, Paris, France
| | | | - David Briand
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Structure and Signals in the Neurogenic Niche, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Guénal
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, LGBC, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Pauline Spéder
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Structure and Signals in the Neurogenic Niche, Paris, France
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Natale BV, Kotadia R, Gustin K, Harihara A, Min S, Kreisman MJ, Breen KM, Natale DR. Extracellular Matrix Influences Gene Expression and Differentiation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:622-637. [PMID: 37463089 PMCID: PMC10561768 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast stem (TS) cells were first isolated from the mouse placenta; however, little is known about their maintenance and niche in vivo. TS cells, like other stem cells, have a unique microenvironment in which the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a component. Placental pathology is associated with ECM change. However, how these changes and the individual ECM components impact the maintenance or differentiation of TS cells has not been established. This study identified which ECM component(s) maintain the greatest expression of markers associated with undifferentiated mouse trophoblast stem (mTS) cells and which alter the profile of markers of differentiation based on mRNA analysis. mTS cells cultured on individual ECM components and subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that laminin promoted the expression of markers associated with undifferentiated TS cells, fibronectin promoted gene expression associated with syncytiotrophoblast (SynT) layer II cells, and collagen IV promoted the expression of genes associated with differentiated trophoblast. To investigate whether pathological placental ECM influenced the expression of genes associated with different trophoblast subtypes, the mouse model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic β cell ablation and diabetes was used. Female mice administered STZ (blood glucose ≥300 mg/dL) or control (blood glucose ≤150 mg/dL) were mated. Placental pathology at embryonic day (E)14.5 was confirmed with reduced fetal blood space area, reduced expression of the pericyte marker αSMA, and decreased expression of ECM proteins. mTS cells cultured on ECM isolated from STZ placenta were associated with reduced expression of undifferentiated mTS markers and increased expression of genes associated with terminally differentiated trophoblast [Gcm-1 and SynA (SynT) and junctional zone Tpbpa and Prl2c2]. Altogether, these results support the value of using ECM isolated from the placenta as a tool for understanding trophoblast contribution to placental pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony V. Natale
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ramie Kotadia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Katarina Gustin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anirudha Harihara
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah Min
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael J. Kreisman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kellie M. Breen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David R.C. Natale
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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5
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Ferdous AS, Lynch TR, Costa Dos Santos SJ, Kapadia DH, Crittenden SL, Kimble J. LST-1 is a bifunctional regulator that feeds back on Notch-dependent transcription to regulate C. elegans germline stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309964120. [PMID: 37729202 PMCID: PMC10523584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309964120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling regulates stem cells across animal phylogeny. C. elegans Notch signaling activates transcription of two genes, lst-1 and sygl-1, that encode potent regulators of germline stem cells. The LST-1 protein regulates stem cells in two distinct ways: It promotes self-renewal posttranscriptionally and also restricts self-renewal by a poorly understood mechanism. Its self-renewal promoting activity resides in its N-terminal region, while its self-renewal restricting activity resides in its C-terminal region and requires the Zn finger. Here, we report that LST-1 limits self-renewal by down-regulating Notch-dependent transcription. We detect LST-1 in the nucleus, in addition to its previously known cytoplasmic localization. LST-1 lowers nascent transcript levels at both lst-1 and sygl-1 loci but not at let-858, a Notch-independent locus. LST-1 also lowers levels of two key components of the Notch activation complex, the LAG-1 DNA binding protein and Notch intracellular domain (NICD). Genetically, an LST-1 Zn finger mutant increases Notch signaling strength in both gain- and loss-of-function GLP-1/Notch receptor mutants. Biochemically, LST-1 co-immunoprecipitates with LAG-1 from nematode extracts, suggesting a direct effect. LST-1 is thus a bifunctional regulator that coordinates posttranscriptional and transcriptional mechanisms in a single protein. This LST-1 bifunctionality relies on its bipartite protein architecture and is bolstered by generation of two LST-1 isoforms, one specialized for Notch downregulation. A conserved theme from worms to human is the coupling of PUF-mediated RNA repression together with Notch feedback in the same protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlan S. Ferdous
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
- Integrated Program in Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Tina R. Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
- Integrated Program in Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | | | - Deep H. Kapadia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Sarah L. Crittenden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Judith Kimble
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
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6
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Zhou L, Xu J, Schwab A, Tong W, Xu J, Zheng L, Li Y, Li Z, Xu S, Chen Z, Zou L, Zhao X, van Osch GJ, Wen C, Qin L. Engineered biochemical cues of regenerative biomaterials to enhance endogenous stem/progenitor cells (ESPCs)-mediated articular cartilage repair. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:490-512. [PMID: 37304336 PMCID: PMC10248882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As a highly specialized shock-absorbing connective tissue, articular cartilage (AC) has very limited self-repair capacity after traumatic injuries, posing a heavy socioeconomic burden. Common clinical therapies for small- to medium-size focal AC defects are well-developed endogenous repair and cell-based strategies, including microfracture, mosaicplasty, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and matrix-induced ACI (MACI). However, these treatments frequently result in mechanically inferior fibrocartilage, low cost-effectiveness, donor site morbidity, and short-term durability. It prompts an urgent need for innovative approaches to pattern a pro-regenerative microenvironment and yield hyaline-like cartilage with similar biomechanical and biochemical properties as healthy native AC. Acellular regenerative biomaterials can create a favorable local environment for AC repair without causing relevant regulatory and scientific concerns from cell-based treatments. A deeper understanding of the mechanism of endogenous cartilage healing is furthering the (bio)design and application of these scaffolds. Currently, the utilization of regenerative biomaterials to magnify the repairing effect of joint-resident endogenous stem/progenitor cells (ESPCs) presents an evolving improvement for cartilage repair. This review starts by briefly summarizing the current understanding of endogenous AC repair and the vital roles of ESPCs and chemoattractants for cartilage regeneration. Then several intrinsic hurdles for regenerative biomaterials-based AC repair are discussed. The recent advances in novel (bio)design and application regarding regenerative biomaterials with favorable biochemical cues to provide an instructive extracellular microenvironment and to guide the ESPCs (e.g. adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, matrix production, and remodeling) for cartilage repair are summarized. Finally, this review outlines the future directions of engineering the next-generation regenerative biomaterials toward ultimate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbin Zhou
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jietao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wenxue Tong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lizhen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences - CRMH, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shunxiang Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Zou
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), 2600 AA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology & Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterials and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518000, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Lee MH, Navarro RE, Han SM. Editorial: Germline development: From germline stem cells to gametes, Volume II. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1193343. [PMID: 37077415 PMCID: PMC10108268 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1193343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myon Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Myon Hee Lee, ; Rosa E. Navarro, ; Sung Min Han,
| | - Rosa E. Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Myon Hee Lee, ; Rosa E. Navarro, ; Sung Min Han,
| | - Sung Min Han
- Department of Physiology and Aging, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Myon Hee Lee, ; Rosa E. Navarro, ; Sung Min Han,
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8
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New insights into the epitranscriptomic control of pluripotent stem cell fate. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1643-1651. [PMID: 36266446 PMCID: PMC9636187 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Each cell in the human body has a distinguishable fate. Pluripotent stem cells are challenged with a myriad of lineage differentiation options. Defects are more likely to be fatal to stem cells than to somatic cells due to the broad impact of the former on early development. Hence, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that determine the fate of stem cells is needed. The mechanisms by which human pluripotent stem cells, although not fully equipped with complex chromatin structures or epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, accurately control gene expression and are important to the stem cell field. In this review, we examine the events driving pluripotent stem cell fate and the underlying changes in gene expression during early development. In addition, we highlight the role played by the epitranscriptome in the regulation of gene expression that is necessary for each fate-related event.
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9
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An interplay between cellular growth and atypical fusion defines morphogenesis of a modular glial niche in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4999. [PMID: 36008397 PMCID: PMC9411534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) live in an intricate cellular microenvironment supporting their activity, the niche. Whilst shape and function are inseparable, the morphogenetic aspects of niche development are poorly understood. Here, we use the formation of a glial niche to investigate acquisition of architectural complexity. Cortex glia (CG) in Drosophila regulate neurogenesis and build a reticular structure around NSCs. We first show that individual CG cells grow tremendously to ensheath several NSC lineages, employing elaborate proliferative mechanisms which convert these cells into syncytia rich in cytoplasmic bridges. CG syncytia further undergo homotypic cell–cell fusion, using defined cell surface receptors and actin regulators. Cellular exchange is however dynamic in space and time. This atypical cell fusion remodels cellular borders, restructuring the CG syncytia. Ultimately, combined growth and fusion builds the multi-level architecture of the niche, and creates a modular, spatial partition of the NSC population. Our findings provide insights into how a niche forms and organises while developing intimate contacts with a stem cell population. Little is known of how the architectural complexity of the neural stem cell niche is achieved. Rujano et al. show that the morphogenesis of a glial niche in Drosophila involves complex proliferative strategies and atypical cell–cell fusion.
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10
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de Torres-Jurado A, Manzanero-Ortiz S, Carmena A. Glial-secreted Netrins regulate Robo1/Rac1-Cdc42 signaling threshold levels during Drosophila asymmetric neural stem/progenitor cell division. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2174-2188.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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11
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Advances in Regulatory Strategies of Differentiating Stem Cells towards Keratocytes. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5403995. [PMID: 35140792 PMCID: PMC8820938 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5403995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal injury is a commonly encountered clinical problem which led to vision loss and impairment that affects millions of people worldwide. Currently, the available treatment in clinical practice is corneal transplantation, which is limited by the accessibility of donors. Corneal tissue engineering appears to be a promising alternative for corneal repair. However, current experimental strategies of corneal tissue engineering are insufficient due to inadequate differentiation of stem cell into keratocytes and thus cannot be applied in clinical practice. In this review, we aim to clarify the role and effectiveness of both biochemical factors, physical regulation, and the combination of both to induce stem cells to differentiate into keratocytes. We will also propose novel perspectives of differentiation strategy that may help to improve the efficiency of corneal tissue engineering.
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Martinez P, Ballarin L, Ereskovsky AV, Gazave E, Hobmayer B, Manni L, Rottinger E, Sprecher SG, Tiozzo S, Varela-Coelho A, Rinkevich B. Articulating the "stem cell niche" paradigm through the lens of non-model aquatic invertebrates. BMC Biol 2022; 20:23. [PMID: 35057814 PMCID: PMC8781081 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) in vertebrates typically reside in "stem cell niches" (SCNs), morphologically restricted tissue microenvironments that are important for SC survival and proliferation. SCNs are broadly defined by properties including physical location, but in contrast to vertebrates and other "model" organisms, aquatic invertebrate SCs do not have clearly documented niche outlines or properties. Life strategies such as regeneration or asexual reproduction may have conditioned the niche architectural variability in aquatic or marine animal groups. By both establishing the invertebrates SCNs as independent types, yet allowing inclusiveness among them, the comparative analysis will allow the future functional characterization of SCNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martinez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - A V Ereskovsky
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
- St. Petersburg State University, Biological Faculty, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- N. K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Street 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - E Gazave
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - B Hobmayer
- Department of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Manni
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - E Rottinger
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Federative Research Institute - Marine Resources (IFR MARRES), Nice, France
| | - S G Sprecher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - S Tiozzo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), Paris, France
| | - A Varela-Coelho
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - B Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanography and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Tel Shikmona, P.O. Box 8030, 31080, Haifa, Israel.
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13
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Ivanov AA, Kuznetsova AV, Popova OP, Danilova TI, Yanushevich OO. Modern Approaches to Acellular Therapy in Bone and Dental Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13454. [PMID: 34948251 PMCID: PMC8708083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An approach called cell-free therapy has rapidly developed in regenerative medicine over the past decade. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the internal potential of tissue repair inspires the development of new strategies aimed at controlling and enhancing these processes during regeneration. The use of stem cell mobilization, or homing for regeneration based on endogenous healing mechanisms, prompted a new concept in regenerative medicine: endogenous regenerative medicine. The application of cell-free therapeutic agents leading to the recruitment/homing of endogenous stem cells has advantages in overcoming the limitations and risks associated with cell therapy. In this review, we discuss the potential of cell-free products such as the decellularized extracellular matrix, growth factors, extracellular vesicles and miRNAs in endogenous bone and dental regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Ivanov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.)
| | - Alla V. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga P. Popova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.)
| | - Tamara I. Danilova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.)
| | - Oleg O. Yanushevich
- Department of Paradontology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia;
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14
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Cozzitorto C, Mueller L, Ruzittu S, Mah N, Willnow D, Darrigrand JF, Wilson H, Khosravinia D, Mahmoud AA, Risolino M, Selleri L, Spagnoli FM. A Specialized Niche in the Pancreatic Microenvironment Promotes Endocrine Differentiation. Dev Cell 2020; 55:150-162.e6. [PMID: 32857951 PMCID: PMC7720791 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between pancreatic epithelium and the surrounding microenvironment is pivotal for pancreas formation and differentiation as well as adult organ homeostasis. The mesenchyme is the main component of the embryonic pancreatic microenvironment, yet its cellular identity is broadly defined, and whether it comprises functionally distinct cell subsets is not known. Using genetic lineage tracing, transcriptome, and functional studies, we identified mesenchymal populations with different roles during pancreatic development. Moreover, we showed that Pbx transcription factors act within the mouse pancreatic mesenchyme to define a pro-endocrine specialized niche. Pbx directs differentiation of endocrine progenitors into insulin- and glucagon-positive cells through non-cell-autonomous regulation of ECM-integrin interactions and soluble molecules. Next, we measured functional conservation between mouse and human pancreatic mesenchyme by testing identified mesenchymal factors in an iPSC-based differentiation model. Our findings provide insights into how lineage-specific crosstalk between epithelium and neighboring mesenchymal cells underpin the generation of different pancreatic cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Cozzitorto
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology & Department of Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laura Mueller
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany; Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Silvia Ruzittu
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany; Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Nancy Mah
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Willnow
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany; Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jean-Francois Darrigrand
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Heather Wilson
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel Khosravinia
- Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Amir-Ala Mahmoud
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Department of Orofacial Sciences & Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW 710, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maurizio Risolino
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Department of Orofacial Sciences & Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW 710, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Department of Orofacial Sciences & Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSW 710, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Francesca M Spagnoli
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany; Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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15
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Moussi K, Abusamra DB, Yassine O, Merzaban J, Kosel J. Strain-induced Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:2239-2244. [PMID: 33018453 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Directing the fate of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) toward bone formation using mechanical strain is a promising approach in regenerative medicine related to bone diseases. Numerous studies have evaluated the effects of vibration or cyclic tensile strain on MSCs towards developing a mechanically-based method for stimulating differentiation. Here, we study the differentiation of hMSCs cultured on elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, which is magnetically actuated to induce periodically varying strain. The strain distribution across the membrane was calculated by finite-element modeling and demonstrates three main areas of different strain amplitudes. The strain effect on the hMSCs was evaluated by measuring the mineralization of differentiated hMSCs using Alizarin S red stain. The results indicate a strain-dependent differentiation of hMSCs, where the highest region of strain on the membrane resulted in the most accelerated differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation was achieved as early as two weeks, which is significantly sooner than control hMSCs treated with osteogenic media alone.
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16
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Navarrete F, Wong YS, Cabezas J, Riadi G, Manríquez J, Rojas D, Furlanetto Mançanares AC, Rodriguez-Alvarez L, Saravia F, Castro FO. Distinctive Cellular Transcriptomic Signature and MicroRNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles of Horse Adipose and Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Same Donors. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:311-327. [PMID: 32991224 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine endometrial and adipose mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs and aMSCs, respectively) were isolated from the same donors of thoroughbred mares. The cells displayed characteristic features of MSCs, including trilineage mesodermal and also neurogenic differentiation. We evaluated the influence of cellular origin on their transcriptome profile. Cellular RNA was isolated and sequenced and extracellular vesicles (EVs) were obtained from conditioned medium of cells cultured in medium depleted of EVs, and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo analyzed by sequencing. Differential expression of mRNAs and EV-miRNA was analyzed, as well as pathways and processes most represented in each cell origin. mRNA reads from all expressed genes clustered according to the cellular origin. A total of 125 up- and 51 downregulated genes were identified and 31 differentially expressed miRNAs. Based on mRNA sequencing, endometrial MSCs strongly upregulated genes involved in the Hippo, transforming growth factor beta, and pluripotency signaling pathways. Alongside with this, pathways involved in extracellular matrix reorganization were the most represented in the miRNA cargo of EVs secreted by eMSCs. The niche from which MSCs originated defined the transcriptomic signature of the cells, including the secretion of lineage-specific loaded EV to ensure proper communication and homeostasis. Identification and testing their biological functions can provide new tools for the therapeutic use of horse MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Navarrete
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
| | - Yat Sen Wong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
| | - Joel Cabezas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Riadi
- Center for Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - José Manríquez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
| | - Daniela Rojas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
| | | | | | - Fernando Saravia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
| | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan, Chile
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17
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Harkins D, Cooper HM, Piper M. The role of lipids in ependymal development and the modulation of adult neural stem cell function during aging and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:61-68. [PMID: 32771376 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the adult mammalian central nervous system, the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles houses neural stem cells (NSCs) that continue to produce neurons throughout life. Developmentally, the V-SVZ neurogenic niche arises during corticogenesis following the terminal differentiation of telencephalic radial glial cells (RGCs) into either adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) or ependymal cells. In mice, these two cellular populations form rosettes during the late embryonic and early postnatal period, with ependymal cells surrounding aNSCs. These aNSCs and ependymal cells serve a number of key purposes, including the generation of neurons throughout life (aNSCs), and acting as a barrier between the CSF and the parenchyma and promoting CSF bulk flow (ependymal cells). Interestingly, the development of this neurogenic niche, as well as its ongoing function, has been shown to be reliant on different aspects of lipid biology. In this review we discuss the developmental origins of the rodent V-SVZ neurogenic niche, and highlight research which has implicated a role for lipids in the physiology of this part of the brain. We also discuss the role of lipids in the maintenance of the V-SVZ niche, and discuss new research which has suggested that alterations to lipid biology could contribute to ependymal cell dysfunction in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyon Harkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Helen M Cooper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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18
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Gordon KL, Zussman JW, Li X, Miller C, Sherwood DR. Stem cell niche exit in C. elegans via orientation and segregation of daughter cells by a cryptic cell outside the niche. eLife 2020; 9:e56383. [PMID: 32692313 PMCID: PMC7467730 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells reside in and rely upon their niche to maintain stemness but must balance self-renewal with the production of daughters that leave the niche to differentiate. We discovered a mechanism of stem cell niche exit in the canonical C. elegans distal tip cell (DTC) germ stem cell niche mediated by previously unobserved, thin, membranous protrusions of the adjacent somatic gonad cell pair (Sh1). A disproportionate number of germ cell divisions were observed at the DTC-Sh1 interface. Stem-like and differentiating cell fates segregated across this boundary. Spindles polarized, pairs of daughter cells oriented between the DTC and Sh1, and Sh1 grew over the Sh1-facing daughter. Impeding Sh1 growth by RNAi to cofilin and Arp2/3 perturbed the DTC-Sh1 interface, reduced germ cell proliferation, and shifted a differentiation marker. Because Sh1 membrane protrusions eluded detection for decades, it is possible that similar structures actively regulate niche exit in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacy L Gordon
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Jay W Zussman
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Camille Miller
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Regeneration Next, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
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19
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Intramuscular Injection of Combined Calf Blood Compound (CFC) and Homeopathic Drug Tr14 Accelerates Muscle Regeneration In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062112. [PMID: 32204424 PMCID: PMC7139694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries in competitive sports cause lengthy absences of athletes from tournaments. This is of tremendous competitive and economic relevance for both the athletes and their respective clubs. Therapy for structural muscle lesions aims to promote regeneration and fast-track return-to-play. A common clinical treatment strategy for muscle injuries is the intramuscular injection of calf blood compound and the homeopathic drug, Tr14. Although the combination of these two agents was reported to reduce recovery time, the regulatory mechanism whereby this occurs remains unknown. In this in vivo study, we selected a rat model of mechanical muscle injury to investigate the effect of this combination therapy on muscle regeneration. Gene expression analysis and histological images revealed that this combined intramuscular injection for muscle lesions can enhance the expression of pro-myogenic genes and proteins and accelerate muscle regeneration. These findings are novel and depict the positive effects of calf blood compound and the homeopathic drug, Tr14, which are utilized in the field of Sports medicine.
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20
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Molecular Aspects of Colorectal Adenomas: The Interplay among Microenvironment, Oxidative Stress, and Predisposition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1726309. [PMID: 32258104 PMCID: PMC7102468 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1726309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multistep process initiated by a benign polyp that has the potential to evolve into in situ carcinoma through the interactions between environmental and genetic factors. CRC incidence rates are constantly increased for young adult patients presenting an advanced tumor stage. The majority of CRCs arise from colonic adenomas originating from aberrant cell proliferation of colon epithelium. Endoscopic polypectomy represents a tool for early detection and removal of polyps, although the occurrence of cancers after negative colonoscopy shows a significant incidence. It has long been recognized that the aberrant regulation of Wingless/It (Wnt)/β-Catenin signaling in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is supported by its critical role in the differentiation of stem cells in intestinal crypts and in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. For this review, we will focus on the development of adenomatous polyps through the interplay between renewal signaling in the colon epithelium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The current knowledge of molecular pathology allows us to deepen the relationships between oxidative stress and other risk factors as lifestyle, microbiota, and predisposition. We underline that the chronic inflammation and ROS production in the colon epithelium can impair the Wnt/β-catenin and/or base excision repair (BER) pathways and predispose to polyp development. In fact, the coexistence of oxidative DNA damage and errors in DNA polymerase can foster C>T transitions in various types of cancer and adenomas, leading to a hypermutated phenotype of tumor cells. Moreover, the function of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) protein in regulating DNA repair is very important as therapeutic implication making DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents more effective in CRC cells that tend to accumulate mutations. Additional studies will determine whether approaches based on Wnt inhibition would provide long-term therapeutic value in CRC, but it is clear that APC disruption plays a central role in driving and maintaining tumorigenesis.
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21
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Mukund K, Subramaniam S. Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1462. [PMID: 31407867 PMCID: PMC6916202 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research in skeletal muscle physiology have provided multiscale insights into the structural and functional complexity of this important anatomical tissue, designed to accomplish the task of generating contraction, force and movement. Skeletal muscle can be viewed as a biomechanical device with various interacting components including the autonomic nerves for impulse transmission, vasculature for efficient oxygenation, and embedded regulatory and metabolic machinery for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The "omics" revolution has propelled a new era in muscle research, allowing us to discern minute details of molecular cross-talk required for effective coordination between the myriad interacting components for efficient muscle function. The objective of this review is to provide a systems-level, comprehensive mapping the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle structure and function, in health and disease. We begin this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle tissue development (myogenesis), with an emphasis on satellite cells and muscle regeneration. We next review the molecular structure and mechanisms underlying the many structural components of the muscle: neuromuscular junction, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and vasculature surrounding muscle. We highlight aberrant molecular mechanisms and their possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance. We particularly emphasize the impact of environmental stressors (inflammation and oxidative stress) in contributing to muscle pathophysiology including atrophy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Mukund
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics & Systems BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
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22
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Zhang P, Zhang C, Li J, Han J, Liu X, Yang H. The physical microenvironment of hematopoietic stem cells and its emerging roles in engineering applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:327. [PMID: 31744536 PMCID: PMC6862744 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are considered the fundamental underpinnings of tissue biology. The stem cell microenvironment provides factors and elements that play significant roles in controlling the cell fate direction. The bone marrow is an important environment for functional hematopoietic stem cells in adults. Remarkable progress has been achieved in the area of hematopoietic stem cell fate modulation based on the recognition of biochemical factors provided by bone marrow niches. In this review, we focus on emerging evidence that hematopoietic stem cell fate is altered in response to a variety of microenvironmental physical cues, such as geometric properties, matrix stiffness, and mechanical forces. Based on knowledge of these biophysical cues, recent developments in harnessing hematopoietic stem cell niches ex vivo are also discussed. A comprehensive understanding of cell microenvironments helps provide mechanistic insights into pathophysiological mechanisms and underlies biomaterial-based hematopoietic stem cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyang Han
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiru Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Qin HY, Xavier Wong HL, Zang KH, Li X, Bian ZX. Enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia in the gut: Factors, mechanism and therapeutic clues. Life Sci 2019; 239:116886. [PMID: 31678286 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enterochromaffin (EC) cell is the main cell type that responsible for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis, storage and release of the gut. Intestinal 5-HT play a key role in visceral sensation, intestinal motility and permeability, EC cell hyperplasia and increased 5-HT bioavailability in the gut have been found to be involved in the symptoms generation of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. EC cells originate from intestinal stem cells, the interaction between proliferation and differentiation signals on intestinal stem cells enable EC cell number to be regulated in a normal level. This review focuses on the impact factors, pathogenesis mechanisms, and therapeutic clues for intestinal EC cells hyperplasia, and showed that EC cell hyperplasia was observed under the condition of physiological stress, intestinal infection or intestinal inflammation, the disordered proliferation and/or differentiation of intestinal stem cells as well as their progenitor cells all contribute to the pathogenesis of intestinal EC cell hyperplasia. The altered intestinal niche, i.e. increased corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) signal, elevated nerve growth factor (NGF) signal, and Th2-dominant cytokines production, has been found to have close correlation with intestinal EC cell hyperplasia. Currently, CRF receptor antagonist, nuclear factor-κB inhibitor, and NGF receptor neutralizing antibody have been proved useful to attenuate intestinal EC cell hyperplasia, which may provide a promising clue for the therapeutic strategy in EC cell hyperplasia related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hoi Leong Xavier Wong
- Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Hong Zang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- Fifth Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, China.
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- Institute of Brain and Gut Axis (IBAG), Centre of Clinical Research for Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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24
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Haupt KA, Enright AL, Ferdous AS, Kershner AM, Shin H, Wickens M, Kimble J. The molecular basis of LST-1 self-renewal activity and its control of stem cell pool size. Development 2019; 146:dev.181644. [PMID: 31515205 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PUF RNA-binding proteins have diverse roles in animal development, with a broadly conserved role in stem cells. Two paradigmatic PUF proteins, FBF-1 and FBF-2, promote both self-renewal and differentiation in the C. elegans germline. The LST-1 protein is a pivotal regulator of self-renewal and is oncogenic when mis-expressed. Here, we demonstrate that LST-1 self-renewal activity resides within a predicted disordered region that harbors two KXXL motifs. We find that the KXXL motifs mediate the binding of LST-1 to FBF, and that point mutations of these motifs abrogate LST-1 self-renewal activity. The LST-1-FBF partnership is therefore crucial to stem cell maintenance and is a key element in the FBF regulatory network. A distinct region within LST-1 determines its spatial expression and size of the GSC pool. Most importantly, the molecular understanding of how an IDR-rich protein works in an essential partnership with a conserved stem cell regulator and RNA-binding protein suggests broad new avenues for combinatorial control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Haupt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Amy L Enright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ahlan S Ferdous
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Aaron M Kershner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Heaji Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Marvin Wickens
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Judith Kimble
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Todenhöfer T, Pantel K, Stenzl A, Werner S. Pathophysiology of Tumor Cell Release into the Circulation and Characterization of CTC. Recent Results Cancer Res 2019; 215:3-24. [PMID: 31605221 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26439-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The traditional model of metastatic progression postulates that the ability to form distant metastases is driven by random mutations in cells of the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Todenhöfer
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Werner
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Lee CC, Hirasawa N, Garcia KG, Ramanathan D, Kim KD. Stem and progenitor cell microenvironment for bone regeneration and repair. Regen Med 2019; 14:693-702. [PMID: 31393221 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells reside in their native microenvironment, which provides dynamic physical and chemical cues essential to their survival, proliferation and function. A typical cell-based therapeutic approach requires the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to depart their native microenvironment, transplant to in-vivo environment, differentiate toward multiple lineages and participate in bone formation. The long-term survival, function and fate of MSC are dependent on the microenvironment in which they are transplanted. Transplantation of morselized autologous bone, which contains both stem cells and their native microenvironment, results in a good clinical outcome. However, implantation of bone graft substitutes does not provide the complete and dynamic microenvironment for MSC. Current bone graft therapeutics may need to be improved further to provide an optimal engineered MSC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Lee
- Department of Cell Biology & Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dinesh Ramanathan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kee D Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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27
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Qiu Y, Chen W, Nie Q. STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS OF CELL LINEAGE IN TISSUE HOMEOSTASIS. DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS-SERIES B 2019; 24:3971-3994. [PMID: 32269502 PMCID: PMC7141575 DOI: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
During epithelium tissue maintenance, lineages of cells differentiate and proliferate in a coordinated way to provide the desirable size and spatial organization of different types of cells. While mathematical models through deterministic description have been used to dissect role of feedback regulations on tissue layer size and stratification, how the stochastic effects influence tissue maintenance remains largely unknown. Here we present a stochastic continuum model for cell lineages to investigate how both layer thickness and layer stratification are affected by noise. We find that the cell-intrinsic noise often causes reduction and oscillation of layer size whereas the cell-extrinsic noise increases the thickness, and sometimes, leads to uncontrollable growth of the tissue layer. The layer stratification usually deteriorates as the noise level increases in the cell lineage systems. Interestingly, the morphogen noise, which mixes both cell-intrinsic noise and cell-extrinsic noise, can lead to larger size of layer with little impact on the layer stratification. By investigating different combinations of the three types of noise, we find the layer thickness variability is reduced when cell-extrinsic noise level is high or morphogen noise level is low. Interestingly, there exists a tradeoff between low thickness variability and strong layer stratification due to competition among the three types of noise, suggesting robust layer homeostasis requires balanced levels of different types of noise in the cell lineage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Qiu
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Weitao Chen
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA 92507, USA
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28
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Crittenden SL, Lee C, Mohanty I, Battula S, Knobel K, Kimble J. Sexual dimorphism of niche architecture and regulation of the Caenorhabditis elegans germline stem cell pool. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1757-1769. [PMID: 31067147 PMCID: PMC6727753 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-03-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell maintenance by niche signaling is a common theme across phylogeny. In the Caenorhabditis elegans gonad, the broad outlines of germline stem cell (GSC) regulation are the same for both sexes: GLP-1/Notch signaling from the mesenchymal distal tip cell niche maintains GSCs in the distal gonad of both sexes and does so via two key stem cell regulators, SYGL-1 and LST-1. Yet most recent analyses of niche signaling and GSC regulation have focused on XX hermaphrodites, an essentially female sex making sperm in larvae and oocytes in adults. Here we focus on GSC regulation in XO males. Sexual dimorphism of niche architecture, reported previously, suggested that the molecular responses to niche signaling or numbers of GSCs might also be sexually distinct. Remarkably, this is not the case. This work extends our understanding of the sexually dimorphic niche architecture, but also demonstrates that the dimorphic niches drive a similar molecular response and maintain a similar number of GSCs in their stem cell pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Crittenden
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - ChangHwan Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Ipsita Mohanty
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Sindhu Battula
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Karla Knobel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Judith Kimble
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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29
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Nyikó T, Auber A, Bucher E. Functional and molecular characterization of the conserved Arabidopsis PUMILIO protein, APUM9. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:199-214. [PMID: 30868544 PMCID: PMC6513901 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that the APUM9 RNA-binding protein and its co-factors play a role in mRNA destabilization and how this activity might regulate early plant development. APUM9 is a conserved PUF RNA-binding protein (RBP) under complex transcriptional control mediated by a transposable element (TE) that restricts its expression in Arabidopsis. Currently, little is known about the functional and mechanistic details of the plant PUF regulatory system and the biological relevance of the TE-mediated repression of APUM9 in plant development and stress responses. By combining a range of transient assays, we show here, that APUM9 binding to target transcripts can trigger their rapid decay via its conserved C-terminal RNA-binding domain. APUM9 directly interacts with DCP2, the catalytic subunit of the decapping complex and DCP2 overexpression induces rapid decay of APUM9 targeted mRNAs. We show that APUM9 negatively regulates the expression of ABA signaling genes during seed imbibition, and thereby might contribute to the switch from dormant stage to seed germination. By contrast, strong TE-mediated repression of APUM9 is important for normal plant growth in the later developmental stages. Finally, APUM9 overexpression plants show slightly enhanced heat tolerance suggesting that TE-mediated control of APUM9, might have a role not only in embryonic development, but also in plant adaptation to heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Nyikó
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS-INRA), 42 rue Georges Morel, 24, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi Albert 4, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Andor Auber
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi Albert 4, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Etienne Bucher
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS-INRA), 42 rue Georges Morel, 24, 49071, Beaucouzé, France.
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30
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Jilkine A. Mathematical Models of Stem Cell Differentiation and Dedifferentiation. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-019-00156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Ziegler AN, Feng Q, Chidambaram S, Testai JM, Kumari E, Rothbard DE, Constancia M, Sandovici I, Cominski T, Pang K, Gao N, Wood TL, Levison SW. Insulin-like Growth Factor II: An Essential Adult Stem Cell Niche Constituent in Brain and Intestine. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:816-830. [PMID: 30905741 PMCID: PMC6450461 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific stem cells have unique properties and growth requirements, but a small set of juxtacrine and paracrine signals have been identified that are required across multiple niches. Whereas insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is necessary for prenatal growth, its role in adult stem cell physiology is largely unknown. We show that loss of Igf2 in adult mice resulted in a ∼50% reduction in slowly dividing, label-retaining cells in the two regions of the brain that harbor neural stem cells. Concordantly, induced Igf2 deletion increased newly generated neurons in the olfactory bulb accompanied by hyposmia, and caused impairments in learning and memory and increased anxiety. Induced Igf2 deletion also resulted in rapid loss of stem and progenitor cells in the crypts of Lieberkühn, leading to body-weight loss and lethality and the inability to produce organoids in vitro. These data demonstrate that IGF-II is critical for multiple adult stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N. Ziegler
- Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Shravanthi Chidambaram
- Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jaimie M. Testai
- Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ekta Kumari
- Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Deborah E. Rothbard
- Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Miguel Constancia
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK,Centre for Trophoblast Research, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Ionel Sandovici
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK,Centre for Trophoblast Research, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Tara Cominski
- Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Kevin Pang
- Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Teresa L. Wood
- Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Steven W. Levison
- Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA,Corresponding author
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32
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Porter DF, Prasad A, Carrick BH, Kroll-Connor P, Wickens M, Kimble J. Toward Identifying Subnetworks from FBF Binding Landscapes in Caenorhabditis Spermatogenic or Oogenic Germlines. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:153-165. [PMID: 30459181 PMCID: PMC6325917 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metazoan PUF (Pumilio and FBF) RNA-binding proteins regulate various biological processes, but a common theme across phylogeny is stem cell regulation. In Caenorhabditis elegans, FBF (fem-3 Binding Factor) maintains germline stem cells regardless of which gamete is made, but FBF also functions in the process of spermatogenesis. We have begun to "disentangle" these biological roles by asking which FBF targets are gamete-independent, as expected for stem cells, and which are gamete-specific. Specifically, we compared FBF iCLIP binding profiles in adults making sperm to those making oocytes. Normally, XX adults make oocytes. To generate XX adults making sperm, we used a fem-3(gf) mutant requiring growth at 25°; for comparison, wild-type oogenic hermaphrodites were also raised at 25°. Our FBF iCLIP data revealed FBF binding sites in 1522 RNAs from oogenic adults and 1704 RNAs from spermatogenic adults. More than half of these FBF targets were independent of germline gender. We next clustered RNAs by FBF-RNA complex frequencies and found four distinct blocks. Block I RNAs were enriched in spermatogenic germlines, and included validated target fog-3, while Block II and III RNAs were common to both genders, and Block IV RNAs were enriched in oogenic germlines. Block II (510 RNAs) included almost all validated FBF targets and was enriched for cell cycle regulators. Block III (21 RNAs) was enriched for RNA-binding proteins, including previously validated FBF targets gld-1 and htp-1 We suggest that Block I RNAs belong to the FBF network for spermatogenesis, and that Blocks II and III are associated with stem cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Porter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Aman Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Brian H Carrick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Peggy Kroll-Connor
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Marvin Wickens
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Judith Kimble
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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33
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L'honoré A, Commère PH, Negroni E, Pallafacchina G, Friguet B, Drouin J, Buckingham M, Montarras D. The role of Pitx2 and Pitx3 in muscle stem cells gives new insights into P38α MAP kinase and redox regulation of muscle regeneration. eLife 2018; 7:e32991. [PMID: 30106373 PMCID: PMC6191287 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration depends on satellite cells. After injury these muscle stem cells exit quiescence, proliferate and differentiate to regenerate damaged fibres. We show that this progression is accompanied by metabolic changes leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using Pitx2/3 single and double mutant mice that provide genetic models of deregulated redox states, we demonstrate that moderate overproduction of ROS results in premature differentiation of satellite cells while high levels lead to their senescence and regenerative failure. Using the ROS scavenger, N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC), in primary cultures we show that a physiological increase in ROS is required for satellite cells to exit the cell cycle and initiate differentiation through the redox activation of p38α MAP kinase. Subjecting cultured satellite cells to transient inhibition of P38α MAP kinase in conjunction with NAC treatment leads to their rapid expansion, with striking improvement of their regenerative potential in grafting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore L'honoré
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS, UMR 3738Institut PasteurParisFrance
- Biological Adaptation and Aging-IBPS, CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | | | - Elisa Negroni
- Center for Research in MyologySorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | - Giorgia Pallafacchina
- NeuroscienceInstitute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Italian National Research CouncilUniversityof PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Biological Adaptation and Aging-IBPS, CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratory of Molecular GeneticsInstitut de Recherches Cliniques de MontréalMontréalCanada
| | - Margaret Buckingham
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS, UMR 3738Institut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Didier Montarras
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS, UMR 3738Institut PasteurParisFrance
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34
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Heterocellular molecular contacts in the mammalian stem cell niche. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:442-461. [PMID: 30025618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissue homeostasis and repair relies on prompt and appropriate intervention by tissue-specific adult stem cells (SCs). SCs have the ability to self-renew; upon appropriate stimulation, they proliferate and give rise to specialized cells. An array of environmental signals is important for maintenance of the SC pool and SC survival, behavior, and fate. Within this special microenvironment, commonly known as the stem cell niche (SCN), SC behavior and fate are regulated by soluble molecules and direct molecular contacts via adhesion molecules providing connections to local supporting cells and the extracellular matrix. Besides the extensively discussed array of soluble molecules, the expression of adhesion molecules and molecular contacts is another fundamental mechanism regulating niche occupancy and SC mobilization upon activation. Some adhesion molecules are differentially expressed and have tissue-specific consequences, likely reflecting the structural differences in niche composition and design, especially the presence or absence of a stromal counterpart. However, the distribution and identity of intercellular molecular contacts for adhesion and adhesion-mediated signaling within stromal and non-stromal SCN have not been thoroughly studied. This review highlights common details or significant differences in cell-to-cell contacts within representative stromal and non-stromal niches that could unveil new standpoints for stem cell biology and therapy.
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35
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Wei Q, Frenette PS. Niches for Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Progeny. Immunity 2018; 48:632-648. [PMID: 29669248 PMCID: PMC6103525 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Steady-state hematopoietic stem cells' (HSCs) self-renewal and differentiation toward their mature progeny in the adult bone marrow is tightly regulated by cues from the microenvironment. Recent insights into the cellular and molecular constituents have uncovered a high level of complexity. Here, we review emerging evidence showing how HSCs and their progeny are regulated by an interdependent network of mesenchymal stromal cells, nerve fibers, the vasculature, and also other hematopoietic cells. Understanding the interaction mechanisms in these intricate niches will provide great opportunities for HSC-related therapies and immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Wei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Departmentof Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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36
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López-Pérez N, Gil-Sanchis C, Ferrero H, Faus A, Díaz A, Pellicer A, Cervelló I, Simón C. Human Endometrial Reconstitution From Somatic Stem Cells: The Importance of Niche-Like Cells. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:77-87. [PMID: 29575998 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118766251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial regeneration has long been proposed to be mediated by stem cells, but the isolation of endometrial stem cells has been hampered by a lack of validated markers. Specific markers would enable isolation of these stem cells, thereby promoting advancements in regenerative medicine for the treatment of endometrial diseases and dysfunctions. We sought to investigate the regenerative ability of human endometrial positive for sushi domain containing 2/intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (SUSD2+/ICAM1+) cells and Side Population cell lines in a xenograft mice model. The injection of total endometrial cell suspensions and Side Population cell lines under kidney capsules induced neoformation of human endometrium verified by the presence of typical endometrial markers (vimentin, cytokeratin 18, and progesterone receptor) by immunofluorescence. Total endometrial cell types promoted a better reconstitution in comparison to injecting ICAM1+ and SUSD2+ cells alone. The endometrial fraction is probably acting as a niche, resulting in increased reconstruction efficiency of pure fractions. Human engrafted cells were localized near blood vessels and induced the proliferation of surrounding cells. Our results suggest that human endometrial Side Population, a heterogeneous population possibly harboring endometrial stem cells, has the optimum capacity to regenerate endometrial-like tissue. In contrast, cells positive for single stem cell markers SUSD2 and ICAM1 have minimally functional regenerative capacities in the absence of niche-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria López-Pérez
- 1 Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudia Gil-Sanchis
- 1 Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hortensia Ferrero
- 1 Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Faus
- 1 Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Díaz
- 2 Central Service for Experimental Research, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- 1 Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,3 Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain.,4 Reproductive Medicine Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Cervelló
- 1 Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- 1 Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,3 Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain.,5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
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37
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Assis-Ribas T, Forni MF, Winnischofer SMB, Sogayar MC, Trombetta-Lima M. Extracellular matrix dynamics during mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. Dev Biol 2018; 437:63-74. [PMID: 29544769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that display self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capacity. The repertoire of mature cells generated ranges but is not restricted to: fat, bone and cartilage. Their potential importance for both cell therapy and maintenance of in vivo homeostasis is indisputable. Nonetheless, both their in vivo identity and use in cell therapy remain elusive. A drawback generated by this fact is that little is known about the MSC niche and how it impacts differentiation and homeostasis maintenance. Hence, the roles played by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its main regulators namely: the Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their counteracting inhibitors (TIMPs and RECK) upon stem cells differentiation are only now beginning to be unveiled. Here, we will focus on mesenchymal stem cells and review the main mechanisms involved in adipo, chondro and osteogenesis, discussing how the extracellular matrix can impact not only lineage commitment, but, also, their survival and potentiality. This review critically analyzes recent work in the field in an effort towards a better understanding of the roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the above-cited events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Assis-Ribas
- NUCEL-NETCEM-Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05360-120, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Forni
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- NUCEL-NETCEM-Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05360-120, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Trombetta-Lima
- NUCEL-NETCEM-Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05360-120, Brazil.
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38
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Renardy M, Jilkine A, Shahriyari L, Chou CS. Control of cell fraction and population recovery during tissue regeneration in stem cell lineages. J Theor Biol 2018; 445:33-50. [PMID: 29470992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular tissues are continually turning over, and homeostasis is maintained through regulated proliferation and differentiation of stem cells and progenitors. Following tissue injury, a dramatic increase in cell proliferation is commonly observed, resulting in rapid restoration of tissue size. This regulation is thought to occur via multiple feedback loops acting on cell self-renewal or differentiation. Models of ordinary differential equations have been widely used to study the cell lineage system. Prior modeling studies have suggested that loss of homeostasis and initiation of tumorigenesis can be contributed to the loss of control of these processes, and the rate of symmetric versus asymmetric division of the stem cells may also be altered. While most of the previous works focused on analysis of stability, existence and uniqueness of steady states of multistage cell lineage models, in this work we attempt to understand the cell lineage model from a different perspective. We compare three variants of hierarchical stem cell lineage tissue models with different combinations of negative feedbacks and use sensitivity analysis to examine the possible strategies for the cells to achieve certain performance objectives. Our results suggest that multiple negative feedback loops must be present in the stem cell lineage to keep the fractions of stem cells to differentiated cells in the total population as robust as possible to variations in cell division parameters, and to minimize the time for tissue recovery in a non-oscillatory manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Renardy
- Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alexandra Jilkine
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Leili Shahriyari
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ching-Shan Chou
- Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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39
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Targeted drug delivery for tumor therapy inside the bone marrow. Biomaterials 2018; 155:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Spéder P, Brand AH. Systemic and local cues drive neural stem cell niche remodelling during neurogenesis in Drosophila. eLife 2018; 7. [PMID: 29299997 PMCID: PMC5754201 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful neurogenesis requires adequate proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their progeny, followed by neuronal differentiation, maturation and survival. NSCs inhabit a complex cellular microenvironment, the niche, which influences their behaviour. To ensure sustained neurogenesis, niche cells must respond to extrinsic, environmental changes whilst fulfilling the intrinsic requirements of the neurogenic program and adapting their roles accordingly. However, very little is known about how different niche cells adjust their properties to such inputs. Here, we show that nutritional and NSC-derived signals induce the remodelling of Drosophila cortex glia, adapting this glial niche to the evolving needs of NSCs. First, nutrition-induced activation of PI3K/Akt drives the cortex glia to expand their membrane processes. Second, when NSCs emerge from quiescence to resume proliferation, they signal to glia to promote membrane remodelling and the formation of a bespoke structure around each NSC lineage. The remodelled glial niche is essential for newborn neuron survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Spéder
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea H Brand
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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41
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Hira VVV, Wormer JR, Kakar H, Breznik B, van der Swaan B, Hulsbos R, Tigchelaar W, Tonar Z, Khurshed M, Molenaar RJ, Van Noorden CJF. Periarteriolar Glioblastoma Stem Cell Niches Express Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche Proteins. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:155-173. [PMID: 29297738 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417749174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma, a fraction of malignant cells consists of therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) residing in protective niches that recapitulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in bone marrow. We have previously shown that HSC niche proteins stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), osteopontin (OPN), and cathepsin K (CatK) are expressed in hypoxic GSC niches around arterioles in five human glioblastoma samples. In HSC niches, HSCs are retained by binding of SDF-1α and OPN to their receptors CXCR4 and CD44, respectively. Protease CatK cleaves SDF-1α to release HSCs out of niches. The aim of the present study was to reproduce the immunohistochemical localization of these GSC markers in 16 human glioblastoma samples with the addition of three novel markers. Furthermore, we assessed the type of blood vessels associated with GSC niches. In total, we found seven GSC niches containing CD133-positive and nestin-positive GSCs as a single-cell layer exclusively around the tunica adventitia of 2% of the CD31-positive and SMA-positive arterioles and not around capillaries and venules. Niches expressed SDF-1α, CXCR4, CatK, OPN, CD44, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In conclusion, we show that GSC niches are present around arterioles and express bone marrow HSC niche proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashendriya V V Hira
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jill R Wormer
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hala Kakar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Britt van der Swaan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Hulsbos
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wikky Tigchelaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zbynek Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F Van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Shin H, Haupt KA, Kershner AM, Kroll-Conner P, Wickens M, Kimble J. SYGL-1 and LST-1 link niche signaling to PUF RNA repression for stem cell maintenance in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007121. [PMID: 29232700 PMCID: PMC5741267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Central questions in regenerative biology include how stem cells are maintained and how they transition from self-renewal to differentiation. Germline stem cells (GSCs) in Caeno-rhabditis elegans provide a tractable in vivo model to address these questions. In this system, Notch signaling and PUF RNA binding proteins, FBF-1 and FBF-2 (collectively FBF), maintain a pool of GSCs in a naïve state. An open question has been how Notch signaling modulates FBF activity to promote stem cell self-renewal. Here we report that two Notch targets, SYGL-1 and LST-1, link niche signaling to FBF. We find that SYGL-1 and LST-1 proteins are cytoplasmic and normally restricted to the GSC pool region. Increasing the distribution of SYGL-1 expands the pool correspondingly, and vast overexpression of either SYGL-1 or LST-1 generates a germline tumor. Thus, SYGL-1 and LST-1 are each sufficient to drive "stemness" and their spatial restriction prevents tumor formation. Importantly, SYGL-1 and LST-1 can only drive tumor formation when FBF is present. Moreover, both proteins interact physically with FBF, and both are required to repress a signature FBF mRNA target. Together, our results support a model in which SYGL-1 and LST-1 form a repressive complex with FBF that is crucial for stem cell maintenance. We further propose that progression from a naïve stem cell state to a state primed for differentiation relies on loss of SYGL-1 and LST-1, which in turn relieves FBF target RNAs from repression. Broadly, our results provide new insights into the link between niche signaling and a downstream RNA regulatory network and how this circuitry governs the balance between self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heaji Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A. Haupt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Kershner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Peggy Kroll-Conner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marvin Wickens
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Judith Kimble
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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43
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Roberts KJ, Kershner AM, Beachy PA. The Stromal Niche for Epithelial Stem Cells: A Template for Regeneration and a Brake on Malignancy. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:404-410. [PMID: 29017054 PMCID: PMC5679442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stromal restraint of cancer growth and progression-emerging as a widespread phenomenon in epithelial cancers such as bladder, pancreas, colon, and prostate-appears rooted in stromal cell niche activity. During normal tissue repair, stromal niche signals, often Hedgehog-induced, promote epithelial stem cell differentiation as well as self-renewal, thus specifying a regenerating epithelial pattern. In the case of cancerous tissue, stromal cell-derived differentiation signals in particular may provide a brake on malignant growth. Understanding and therapeutic harnessing of the role of stroma in cancer restraint may hinge on our knowledge of the signaling programs elaborated by the stromal niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey J Roberts
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron M Kershner
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Philip A Beachy
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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44
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Remodeling the Human Adult Stem Cell Niche for Regenerative Medicine Applications. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6406025. [PMID: 29090011 PMCID: PMC5635271 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6406025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between stem cells and their surrounding microenvironment are pivotal to determine tissue homeostasis and stem cell renewal or differentiation and regeneration in vivo. Ever since they were postulated in 1978, stem cell niches have been identified and characterized in many germline and adult tissues. Comprehensive studies over the last decades helped to clarify the critical components of stem cell niches that include cellular, extracellular, biochemical, molecular, and physical regulators. This knowledge has direct impact on their inherent regenerative potential. Clinical applications demand readily available cell sources that, under controlled conditions, provide a specific therapeutic function. Thus, translational medicine aims at optimizing in vitro or in vivo the various components and complex architecture of the niche to exploit its therapeutic potential. Accordingly, the objective is to recreate the natural niche microenvironment during cell therapy process development and closely comply with the requests of regulatory authorities. In this paper, we review the most recent advances of translational medicine approaches that target the adult stem cell natural niche microenvironment for regenerative medicine applications.
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45
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Kislitsina ON, Revishvili AS, Cox JL. Unlocking the secrets to regenerating cardiac tissue: an update. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 26:146-153. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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A New Chapter for Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Decellularized Extracellular Matrices. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:587-597. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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47
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Werner S, Stenzl A, Pantel K, Todenhöfer T. Expression of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Circulating Tumor Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 994:205-228. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55947-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Chen KY, Srinivasan T, Tung KL, Belmonte JM, Wang L, Murthy PKL, Choi J, Rakhilin N, King S, Varanko AK, Witherspoon M, Nishimura N, Glazier JA, Lipkin SM, Bu P, Shen X. A Notch positive feedback in the intestinal stem cell niche is essential for stem cell self-renewal. Mol Syst Biol 2017; 13:927. [PMID: 28455349 PMCID: PMC5408779 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20167324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is the fastest regenerative tissue in the body, fueled by fast‐cycling stem cells. The number and identity of these dividing and migrating stem cells are maintained by a mosaic pattern at the base of the crypt. How the underlying regulatory scheme manages this dynamic stem cell niche is not entirely clear. We stimulated intestinal organoids with Notch ligands and inhibitors and discovered that intestinal stem cells employ a positive feedback mechanism via direct Notch binding to the second intron of the Notch1 gene. Inactivation of the positive feedback by CRISPR/Cas9 mutation of the binding sequence alters the mosaic stem cell niche pattern and hinders regeneration in organoids. Dynamical system analysis and agent‐based multiscale stochastic modeling suggest that the positive feedback enhances the robustness of Notch‐mediated niche patterning. This study highlights the importance of feedback mechanisms in spatiotemporal control of the stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Chen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tara Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kuei-Ling Tung
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Julio M Belmonte
- Biocomplexity Institute and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Jiahn Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nikolai Rakhilin
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Mavee Witherspoon
- School of Mechanical Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - James A Glazier
- Biocomplexity Institute and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Steven M Lipkin
- Departments of Medicine, Genetic Medicine and Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pengcheng Bu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA .,Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiling Shen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Robertson
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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50
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Hira VVV, Van Noorden CJF, Carraway HE, Maciejewski JP, Molenaar RJ. Novel therapeutic strategies to target leukemic cells that hijack compartmentalized continuous hematopoietic stem cell niches. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:183-198. [PMID: 28363872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells hijack hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in the bone marrow and become leukemic stem cells (LSCs) at the expense of normal HSCs. LSCs are quiescent and resistant to chemotherapy and can cause relapse of the disease. HSCs in niches are needed to generate blood cell precursors that are committed to unilineage differentiation and eventually production of mature blood cells, including red blood cells, megakaryocytes, myeloid cells and lymphocytes. Thus far, three types of HSC niches are recognized: endosteal, reticular and perivascular niches. However, we argue here that there is only one type of HSC niche, which consists of a periarteriolar compartment and a perisinusoidal compartment. In the periarteriolar compartment, hypoxia and low levels of reactive oxygen species preserve the HSC pool. In the perisinusoidal compartment, hypoxia in combination with higher levels of reactive oxygen species enables proliferation of progenitor cells and their mobilization into the circulation. Because HSC niches offer protection to LSCs against chemotherapy, we review novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit homing of LSCs in niches for the prevention of dedifferentiation of leukemic cells into LSCs and to stimulate migration of leukemic cells out of niches. These strategies enhance differentiation and proliferation and thus sensitize leukemic cells to chemotherapy. Finally, we list clinical trials of therapies that tackle LSCs in HSC niches to circumvent their protection against chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashendriya V V Hira
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
| | - Cornelis J F Van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hetty E Carraway
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Leukemia Program, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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