1
|
Kondo T, Okada Y, Shizuya S, Yamaguchi N, Hatakeyama S, Maruyama K. Neuroimmune modulation by tryptophan derivatives in neurological and inflammatory disorders. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151418. [PMID: 38729083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are highly developed, and each performs specialized physiological functions. However, they work together, and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. Specialized molecules, such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, and more general metabolites, are essential for the appropriate regulation of both systems. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is converted into functional molecules such as serotonin and kynurenine, both of which play important roles in the nervous and immune systems. The role of kynurenine metabolites in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases has recently received particular attention. Recently, we found that hyperactivity of the kynurenine pathway is a critical risk factor for septic shock. In this review, we first outline neuroimmune interactions and tryptophan derivatives and then summarized the changes in tryptophan metabolism in neurological disorders. Finally, we discuss the potential of tryptophan derivatives as therapeutic targets for neuroimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Saika Shizuya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu J, Zhang S, Wu H, Wang L, Zhang Y, Gao H, Li M, Ren H, Xiao H, Guo K, Li W, Liu Q. 1-Methyltryptophan treatment ameliorates high-fat diet-induced depression in mice through reversing changes in perineuronal nets. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:228. [PMID: 38816357 PMCID: PMC11139877 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression and obesity are prevalent disorders with significant public health implications. In this study, we used a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model to investigate the mechanism underlying HFD-induced depression-like behaviors. HFD-induced obese mice exhibited depression-like behaviors and a reduction in hippocampus volume, which were reversed by treatment with an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT). Interestingly, no changes in IDO levels were observed post-1-MT treatment, suggesting that other mechanisms may be involved in the anti-depressive effect of 1-MT. We further conducted RNA sequencing analysis to clarify the potential underlying mechanism of the anti-depressive effect of 1-MT in HFD-induced depressive mice and found a significant enrichment of shared differential genes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization pathway between the 1-MT-treated and untreated HFD-induced depressive mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that changes in ECM play a crucial role in the anti-depressive effect of 1-MT. To this end, we investigated perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are ECM assemblies that preferentially ensheath parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons and are involved in many abnormalities. We found that HFD is associated with excessive accumulation of PV-positive neurons and upregulation of PNNs, affecting synaptic transmission in PV-positive neurons and leading to glutamate-gamma-aminobutyric acid imbalances in the hippocampus. The 1-MT effectively reversed these changes, highlighting a PNN-related mechanism by which 1-MT exerts its anti-depressive effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Gao
- Electron Microscopy Core Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meihui Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglei Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Cancer Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wensheng Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sheibani M, Shayan M, Khalilzadeh M, Soltani ZE, Jafari-Sabet M, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR. Kynurenine pathway and its role in neurologic, psychiatric, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10409-10425. [PMID: 37848760 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway is of central importance for the immune function. It prevents hyperinflammation and induces long-term immune tolerance. Accumulating evidence also demonstrates cytoprotective and immunomodulatory properties of kynurenine pathway in conditions affecting either central or peripheral nervous system as well as other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although multilevel association exists between the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and various neurologic (e.g., neurodegenerative) disorders, it is believed that the kynurenine pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of both IBD and neurodegenerative disorders. In this setting, there is strong evidence linking the gut-brain axis with intestinal dysfunctions including IBD which is consistent with the fact that the risk of neurodegenerative diseases is higher in IBD patients. This review aims to highlight the role of kynurenine metabolic pathway in various neurologic and psychiatric diseases as well as relationship between IBD and neurodegenerative disorders in the light of the kynurenine metabolic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sheibani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Razi Drug Research Centre, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayan
- Experimental Medicine Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, MS, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khalilzadeh
- Experimental Medicine Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, MS, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahim Soltani
- Experimental Medicine Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, MS, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Jafari-Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Razi Drug Research Centre, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, 41 Mall Road, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA.
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, MS, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ou W, Chen Y, Ju Y, Ma M, Qin Y, Bi Y, Liao M, Liu B, Liu J, Zhang Y, Li L. The kynurenine pathway in major depressive disorder under different disease states: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:624-632. [PMID: 37467793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A disruption of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway may exist in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the changing pattern of the KYN pathway across the different disease states in MDD is unclear. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis to examine the differences in KYN metabolites between patients in the current episode of MDD (cMDD) and patients in remission (rMDD), as well as the changes after treatments. METHODS Literature was systematically searched from electronic databases, from inception up to September 2022. Random-effect models were used to quantify the differences in KYN metabolites between patients with MDD across acute depressive episode and remission phases, as well as the changes after treatments. RESULTS Fifty-one studies involving 7056 participants were included. Tryptophan (TRP), KYN, kynurenic acid (KYNA), KYNA/quinolinic acid (QA), KYNA/3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and KYNA/KYN were significantly lower, while KYN/TRP was significantly higher in patients with cMDD. Moreover, these effect sizes were generally larger in medication-free patients. No significant differences were found between patients with rMDD and HCs. Additionally, KYNA was found negatively correlated with depression severity and significantly increased after treatments, while the alteration was not found in QA. LIMITATIONS The number of included studies of patients with rMDD and longitudinal studies investigating the change of the KYN metabolites after treatment with antidepressants was limited. In addition, the heterogeneity across included studies was relatively high. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed a comprehensive image of the unique dysfunction pattern of the KYN pathway across different MDD states and highlighted KYNA as a potentially sensitive biomarker of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Mohan Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqi Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Bi
- Xiangya Medical School, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tung TH, Lai WD, Lee HC, Su KP, Panunggal B, Huang SY. Attenuation of Chronic Stress-Induced Depressive-like Symptoms by Fish Oil via Alleviating Neuroinflammation and Impaired Tryptophan Metabolism in Aging Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14550-14561. [PMID: 37769277 PMCID: PMC10915802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of depression is increasing, and geriatric depression, in particular, is difficult to recognize and treat. Depression in older adults is often accompanied by neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinflammation affects the brain's physiological and immune functions through several pathways and induces depressive symptoms. This study investigated the relationship among depression, neuroinflammation, and fish oil supplementation. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in an aging-related depression animal model to simulate geriatric depression. Cognitive function, depressive-like symptoms, peripheral nervous system and CNS inflammation status, and the tryptophan-related metabolic pathway were analyzed. The geriatric depression animal model was associated with depressive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment. The integrity of the blood-brain barrier was compromised, resulting in increased expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 and the glial fibrillary acidic protein in the brain, indicating increased neuroinflammation. Tryptophan metabolism was also negatively affected. The geriatric-depressive-like rats had high levels of neurotoxic 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and kynurenine in their hippocampus. Fish oil intake improved depressive-like symptoms and cognitive impairment, reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression, activated the brain's glial cells, and increased the interleukin-10 level in the prefrontal cortex. Thus, fish oil intervention could ameliorate abnormal neurobehaviors and neuroinflammation and elevate the serotonin level in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Hsuan Tung
- School
of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Wen-De Lai
- School
of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Lee
- School
of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department
of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404018, Taiwan
- College of
Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404018, Taiwan
| | - Binar Panunggal
- School
of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department
of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
- Center
of Nutrition Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School
of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Nutrition
Research Centre, Taipei Medical University
Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Zhai Y, Lei Z, Chen S, Sun M, Yin P, Duan Z, Wang X. Latroeggtoxin-VI protects nerve cells and prevents depression by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway activation and excessive inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171351. [PMID: 37256144 PMCID: PMC10225626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression has a high incidence and seriously endangers human health. Accumulated evidence indicates that targeting neuroinflammation is a potential avenue for neuroprotection and thus depression prevention. Herein, the effects of latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI), a bioactive protein from the eggs of spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and depression were systematically investigated using RAW264.7 macrophages and depression mouse model. Pretreatment with LETX-VI suppressed LPS-evoked NF-κB signaling pathway activation, inhibited LPS-induced over-production of NO, iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α; at the same time LETX-VI mitigated the inhibitory effect of LPS on the expression of anti-inflammatory factors such as Arg-1, thereby suppressing oxidative stress and excessive inflammation. Culture of PC12 cells with the conditioned medium of RAW264.7 cells pretreated with LETX-VI demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of LETX-VI due to its anti-inflammation effect. In the LPS-induced depression mouse model, pretreatment with LETX-VI improved the LPS-induced depression-like behaviors, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, prevented the down-regulation of Nurr1 expression and alleviated the LPS-caused adverse changes in the brain tissues. Taken together, these in vitro and in vivo findings provide powerful insights into the anti-inflammation-based neuroprotective and antidepressant mechanisms of LETX-VI, which is helpful to deeply reveal the biological effects and potential applications of LETX-VI.
Collapse
|
7
|
Siddiqui F, Gallagher D, Shuster-Hyman H, Lopez L, Gauthier-Fisher A, Librach CL. First trimester human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVC) modulate the kynurenine pathway and glutamate neurotransmission in an LPS-induced mouse model of neuroinflammation. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:15. [PMID: 37127610 PMCID: PMC10152638 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kynurenine Pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation and glutamate toxicity is implicated in several neurological disorders, including depression. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), owing to their well documented phagocytosis-driven mechanism of immunomodulation and neuroprotection, has been tested in many neurological disorders. However, their potential to influence KP and the glutamatergic system has not yet been investigated. Hence, this study sought to investigate the effect of HUCPVC, a rich and potent source of MSC, on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated KP metabolites, KP enzymes, and key components of glutamate neurotransmission. METHODS The immunomodulatory effect of peripherally administered HUCPVC on the expression profile of kynurenine pathway metabolites and enzymes was assessed in the plasma and brain of mice treated with LPS using LCMS and QPCR. An assessment of the glutamatergic system, including selected receptors, transporters and related proteins was also conducted by QPCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS HUCPVC were found to modulate LPS-induced activation of KP enzymes and metabolites in the brain associated with neurotoxicity. Moreover, the reduced expression of the glutamatergic components due to LPS was also found to be significantly improved by HUCPVC. CONCLUSIONS The immunomodulatory properties of HUCPVC appear to confer neuroprotection, at least in part, through their ability to modulate the KP in the brain. This KP modulation enhances neuroprotective regulators and downregulates neurotoxic consequences, including glutamate neurotoxicity, which is associated with neuroinflammation and depressive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fyyaz Siddiqui
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada.
| | - Denis Gallagher
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Hannah Shuster-Hyman
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lianet Lopez
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | | | - Clifford L Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Balter LJ, Li X, Schwieler L, Erhardt S, Axelsson J, Olsson MJ, Lasselin J, Lekander M. Lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in the kynurenine pathway and symptoms of sickness behavior in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106110. [PMID: 37075653 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway are hypothesized to be implicated in inflammation-associated depression, but there is a lack of experimental studies in humans assessing the kinetics of kynurenine metabolites in relation to experimentally-induced sickness. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in the kynurenine pathway and to explore its relation to symptoms of sickness behavior during an acute experimental immune challenge. This double-blind placebo-controlled randomized cross-over study included 22 healthy human participants (n = 21 both sessions, Mage = 23.4, SD = 3.6, nine women) who received an intravenous injection of 2.0 ng/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and saline (placebo) on two different occasions in a randomized order. Blood samples (0 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 7 h post-injection) were analyzed for kynurenine metabolites and inflammatory cytokines. The intensity of symptoms of sickness behavior was assessed using the 10-item Sickness Questionnaire at 0 h, 1.5 h, 3 h, 5 h, and 7 h post-injection. LPS induced significantly lower concentrations of plasma tryptophan (at 2 h, 4 h, 5 h, and 7 h post-injection), kynurenine (at 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, and 5 h post-injection), nicotinamide (at 4 h, 5 h, and 7 h post-injection), and higher levels for quinolinic acid at 5 h post-injection as compared to placebo. LPS did not affect kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and picolinic acid. The development of the sickness symptoms was largely similar across items, with the highest levels around 1.5-3 h post-injection. Changes in plasma levels of kynurenine metabolites seem to coincide rather than precede or follow changes in subjective sickness. Exploratory analyses indicate that higher Sickness Questionnaire total scores at 1.5-5 h post-injection were correlated with lower kynurenic acid and nicotinamide levels. These results lend further support for LPS-induced changes in the kynurenine pathway, but may not, as interpreted from blood levels, causally link to LPS-induced acute symptoms of sickness behavior. Future research may consider a larger sample to further scrutinize the role of the kynurenine pathway in the sickness response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Jt Balter
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xueqi Li
- Department of Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lilly Schwieler
- Department of Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- Department of Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats J Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Lasselin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Health, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Mats Lekander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Osher Center for Integrative Health, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu H, Kan J, Tang M, Zhu Y, Hu B. Lipopolysaccharide Preconditioning Restricts Microglial Overactivation and Alleviates Inflammation-Induced Depressive-like Behavior in Mice. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040549. [PMID: 37190515 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overactive microglia and severe neuroinflammation play crucial roles in the development of major depressive disorder. Preconditioning with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provides protection against severe neuroinflammation. However, administering high doses of LPS to mice triggers depressive symptoms. Therefore, the optimal dose of LPS preconditioning needs to be determined by further experiments. LPS preconditioning is an effective agent in anti-inflammation and neuroprotection, but the mechanism by which LPS preconditioning acts in depression remain unclear. This study finds that the anti-inflammation mechanism of low-dose LPS preconditioning is mainly dependent on G-protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84). We use low-dose LPS for preconditioning and re-challenged mice or BV2 microglia with high-dose LPS. In addition, RNA-seq is used to explore underlying changes with LPS preconditioning. Low-dose LPS preconditioning reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and inhibits microglial activation, as well as suppresses the depressive-like behavior when the mice are re-challenged with high-dose LPS. Further investigation reveals that the tolerance-like response in microglia is dependent on the GPR84. Here, we show that low-dose LPS preconditioning can exert anti-inflammation effects and alleviates inflammation-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. As a potential therapeutic target for depression, LPS preconditioning needs to be given further attention regarding its effectiveness and safety.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ohnishi M, Akagi M, Kotsuki M, Yonemura S, Aokawa H, Yamashita-Ibara M, Yokofujita O, Maehara S, Hata T, Inoue A. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase is responsible for low stress tolerance after intracerebral hemorrhage. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0273037. [PMID: 36753496 PMCID: PMC9907831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the chronic phase after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the aftereffect-associated lowering of motivation burdens many patients; however, the pathogenic mechanism is unclear. Here, we revealed for the first time that indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and enzyme activity are increased in the collagenase-induced murine ICH model. IDO is a rate-limiting enzyme situated at the beginning of the kynurenine pathway and converts tryptophan, a source of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), to kynurenine. In this study, we showed that IDO is localized in 5-HTergic neurons. After ICH, the synaptosomal 5-HT level decreased, but this effect was neutralized by subcutaneous injections of 1-methyl tryptophan (MT), a specific IDO inhibitor. These results suggest that ICH-induced IDO weakens the activity of 5-HTergic neurons. Accordingly, we next investigated whether the IDO increase contributes to the depression-like behaviors of ICH mice. The immobility times of tail suspension and forced swimming tests were significantly prolonged after ICH but shortened by the administration of 1-MT. In conclusion, the increased IDO after ICH was found to decrease 5-HT levels and subsequently reduce stress tolerance. These findings indicate that IDO is a novel therapeutic target for the ICH aftereffect-associated lowering of motivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Marina Akagi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mako Kotsuki
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Seishi Yonemura
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hikari Aokawa
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Maki Yamashita-Ibara
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokofujita
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shoji Maehara
- Department of Physical Chemistry for Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hata
- Department of Physical Chemistry for Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Inoue
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Supti KF, Asaduzzaman M, Suhee FI, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Qusar MMAS, Islam MR. Elevated Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Levels are Associated With Major Depressive Disorder. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231220841. [PMID: 38144435 PMCID: PMC10748934 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231220841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested the involvement of an activated inflammatory process in major depressive disorder (MDD), as altered expression of inflammatory cytokines is observed in depression. This alteration can be the cause or a consequence of MDD. However, acknowledging inflammatory cytokines as prospective biomarkers would aid in diagnosing or guiding better therapeutic options. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in depression. Method We collected blood samples from 115 MDD patients and 113 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. MDD patients were diagnosed by a qualified psychiatrist based on the symptoms mentioned in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). We applied the Hamilton depression (Ham-D) rating scale to assess the severity of depression. We assessed serum levels of MIF using ELISA kit (Boster Bio, USA). Result We detected increased serum MIF levels in MDD patients compared to HCs (6.15 ± 0.23 ng/mL vs 3.95 ± 0.21 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Moreover, this increase is more among female patients than female controls. Also, we noticed a positive correlation between altered MIF levels and the Ham-D scores (r = 0.233; P = 0.012), where we found that patients who scored higher on the Ham-D scale had higher MIF levels in serum. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve represented the good diagnostic performance of altered serum MIF. Conclusion Our study findings indicate the association of pro-inflammatory cytokine MIF in the pathophysiology of depression as we identified elevated serum MIF levels in depressive patients compared to HCs. However, more researches are required to confirm whether this alteration of cytokine is the causative factor or a consequence of depression. We recommend conducting further studies to understand the pattern of this alteration of MIF levels in MDD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Asaduzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - MMA Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Ramna, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ji N, Lei M, Chen Y, Tian S, Li C, Zhang B. How Oxidative Stress Induces Depression? ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231181037. [PMID: 37331994 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231181037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression increasingly affects a wide range and a large number of people worldwide, both physically and psychologically, which makes it a social problem requiring prompt attention and management. Accumulating clinical and animal studies have provided us with substantial insights of disease pathogenesis, especially central monoamine deficiency, which considerably promotes antidepressant research and clinical treatment. The first-line antidepressants mainly target the monoamine system, whose drawbacks mainly include slow action and treatment resistant. The novel antidepressant esketamine, targeting on central glutamatergic system, rapidly and robustly alleviates depression (including treatment-resistant depression), whose efficiency is shadowed by potential addictive and psychotomimetic side effects. Thus, exploring novel depression pathogenesis is necessary, for seeking more safe and effective therapeutic methods. Emerging evidence has revealed vital involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in depression, which inspires us to pursue antioxidant pathway for depression prevention and treatment. Fully uncovering the underlying mechanisms of OS-induced depression is the first step towards the avenue, thus we summarize and expound possible downstream pathways of OS, including mitochondrial impairment and related ATP deficiency, neuroinflammation, central glutamate excitotoxicity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B dysfunction and serotonin deficiency, the microbiota-gut-brain axis disturbance and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis dysregulation. We also elaborate on the intricate interactions between the multiple aspects, and molecular mechanisms mediating the interplay. Through reviewing the related research progress in the field, we hope to depict an integral overview of how OS induces depression, in order to provide fresh ideas and novel targets for the final goal of efficient treatment of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ji
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Lei
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Yating Chen
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Shaowen Tian
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanyu Li
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bao C, Huang J, Wu H, Ma Y, Zhou H, Chen L, Yang D, Liu H, Shi Y, Lu Y. Moxibustion alleviates depression-like behavior in rats with Crohn's disease by inhibiting the kynurenine pathway metabolism in the gut-brain axis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1019590. [PMID: 36570839 PMCID: PMC9768219 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1019590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Moxibustion is a potential therapy for inflammatory bowel disease-related depression, but its specific mechanism of action is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which moxibustion alleviates depressive behavior in rats with Crohn's disease (CD). Methods The CD rat model was established with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Treatment with moxibustion was applied to Tianshu (ST25, bilateral), Qihai (CV6), and Baihui (GV20) acupoints, and the effect of moxibustion was compared with that of the combination of moxibustion plus indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor, 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT). The effects of moxibustion and moxibustion plus 1-MT combination on colonic inflammation and depressive behavior (assessed by forced swimming test, sucrose preference test, and open field test) were investigated. The changes in IDO1, TNF-α, and IL-1β in rat colon and hippocampus were assessed by Western blot (WB). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence staining, and WB were applied to detect kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites, hippocampal neuronal activity, and microglia activation, respectively. Results Both moxibustion and moxibustion plus 1-MT combination significantly alleviated intestinal inflammation and depressive behavior, downregulated the levels of IDO1 in the colon and hippocampus, and inhibited inflammation-inducing factors IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as the kynurenine/tryptophan (KYN/TRP) ratio of KP metabolites, and upregulated the kynurenic acid (KYNA)/KYN ratio and the KYNA/quinolinic acid (QUIN) ratio in the hippocampus in rats with CD; Hippocampal ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1), c-fos protein expression, activated microglia, and neuronal activation was also significantly reduced by moxibustion and moxibustion plus 1-MT. The addition of 1-MT did not significantly increase the therapeutic effect of moxibustion. Conclusion Moxibustion can improve depressive behavior in rats with CD, which may be related to its regulation of KP metabolism in the gut-brain axis and inhibition of hippocampal microglia activation and neuronal activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Bao
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangan Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueying Ma
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Shi
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yin Shi,
| | - Yuan Lu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Yuan Lu,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Beckett CW, Niklison-Chirou MV. The role of immunomodulators in treatment-resistant depression: case studies. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:367. [PMID: 35977923 PMCID: PMC9385739 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder affecting more than 264 million people worldwide. The first-line treatment for most cases of depression are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as sertraline, reboxetine and fluoxetine. Recently, it has been found that one-quarter of depressed patients have excessive activation of the immune system. This potentially warrants sub-categorisation of depressed patients into inflammatory and non-inflammatory subtypes. Such a sub-category of depression already exists for those not responding to various traditional antidepressants and is known as treatment-resistant depression. Those with treatment-resistant depression are far more likely to have raised inflammatory markers relative to those whose depression is treatment-responsive. Chronic, low-level inflammation seems to trigger depression via a multitude of mechanisms. These include kynurenine pathway and microglial cell activation, resulting in a reduction in hippocampal volume. Raised inflammatory cytokines also cause perturbations in monoaminergic signalling, which perhaps explains the preponderance of treatment resistance in those patients with inflammatory depression. Therefore, if treatment-resistant depression and inflammatory depression are semi-synonymous then it should follow that anti-inflammatory drugs will display high efficacy in both sub-types. Ketamine is a drug recently approved for use in depression in the USA and displays a particularly good response rate in those patients with treatment resistance. It has been suggested that the antidepressant efficacy of ketamine results from its anti-inflammatory effects. Ketamine seems to produce anti-inflammatory effects via polarisation of monocytes to M2 macrophages. Furthermore, another anti-inflammatory drug with potential use in treatment-resistant depression is Celecoxib. Celecoxib is a long-acting, selective COX-2 inhibitor. Early clinical trials show that Celecoxib has an adjuvant effect with traditional antidepressants in treatment-resistant patients. This paper highlights the importance of classifying depressed patients into inflammatory and non-inflammatory subtypes; and how this may lead to the development of more targeted treatments for treatment-resistant depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Beckett
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zakaria FH, Samhani I, Mustafa MZ, Shafin N. Pathophysiology of Depression: Stingless Bee Honey Promising as an Antidepressant. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165091. [PMID: 36014336 PMCID: PMC9416360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating psychiatric disorder impacting an individual’s quality of life. It is the most prevalent mental illness across all age categories, incurring huge socio-economic impacts. Most depression treatments currently focus on the elevation of neurotransmitters according to the monoamine hypothesis. Conventional treatments include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Despite numerous pharmacological strategies utilising conventional drugs, the discovery of alternative medicines from natural products is a must for safer and beneficial brain supplement. About 30% of patients have been reported to show resistance to drug treatments coupled with functional impairment, poor quality of life, and suicidal ideation with a high relapse rate. Hence, there is an urgency for novel discoveries of safer and highly effective depression treatments. Stingless bee honey (SBH) has been proven to contain a high level of antioxidants compared to other types of honey. This is a comprehensive review of the potential use of SBH as a new candidate for antidepressants from the perspective of the monoamine, inflammatory and neurotrophin hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Haniza Zakaria
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Samhani
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulkifli Mustafa
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.Z.M.); (N.S.); Tel.: +609-7673000 (M.Z.M. & N.S.)
| | - Nazlahshaniza Shafin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.Z.M.); (N.S.); Tel.: +609-7673000 (M.Z.M. & N.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Correia AS, Vale N. Tryptophan Metabolism in Depression: A Narrative Review with a Focus on Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158493. [PMID: 35955633 PMCID: PMC9369076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and serious disorder, characterized by symptoms like anhedonia, lack of energy, sad mood, low appetite, and sleep disturbances. This disease is very complex and not totally elucidated, in which diverse molecular and biological mechanisms are involved, such as neuroinflammation. There is a high need for the development of new therapies and gaining new insights into this disease is urgent. One important player in depression is the amino acid tryptophan. This amino acid can be metabolized in two important pathways in the context of depression: the serotonin and kynurenine pathways. These metabolic pathways of tryptophan are crucial in several processes that are linked with depression. Indeed, the maintenance of the balance of serotonin and kynurenine pathways is critical for the human physiological homeostasis. Thus, this narrative review aims to explore tryptophan metabolism (particularly in the serotonin and kynurenine pathways) in depression, starting with a global overview about these topics and ending with the focus on these pathways in neuroinflammation, stress, microbiota, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulation in this disease. Taken together, this information aims to clarify the metabolism of tryptophan in depression, particularly the serotonin and kynurenine pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salomé Correia
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426537
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hambal M, Frengki F, Sari WE, Vanda H. In silico prediction of flavan-3-ol as a bioactive compound of Calophyllum macrophyllum as a potential drug against angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis. Vet World 2022; 15:1305-1313. [PMID: 35765470 PMCID: PMC9210856 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1305-1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis is caused by larvae of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis. It manifests as meningitis, radiculitis, cranial nerve abnormalities, and encephalitis, which can be fatal. A flavan-3-ol compound isolated from the bark of Calophyllum macrophyllum Scheff. has several medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities. This compound is stronger than other types of flavan-3-ols such as catechin. This study aimed to identify the hydroxylation pattern of this flavan-3-ol compound and evaluated its potential as an anti-meningitis drug, using an in silico approach through pharmacophore and molecular docking methods. Materials and Methods: Pharmacokinetic and toxicological data were analyzed and supported by the server http://www.swissadme.ch/index.php and https://tox-new.charite.de/protox_II/index.php. The hydroxylation pattern of the flavan-3-ol compound was identified using shear reagents (MeOH, NaOH, NaOAc, HCl, and AlCl3). The CviR receptor (pdb id.3QP5) was used in the in silico approach, and seven ligands were downloaded from PubChem in “SMILES” format. Results: The spectroscopic analysis conducted using the shear reagents confirmed that the flavan-3-ol compound has a “p-diOH” pattern on the cinnamoyl ring. Pharmacophore analysis revealed this compound “hit” with pharmacophore features, and molecular docking analysis showed that this compound has a strong affinity with both receptors. Conclusion: The flavan-3-ol compound is a potential drug candidate for meningitis caused by pathogenic bacteria and the worm A. cantonensis. This result was supported by the pharmacokinetic profile, which had a very low toxicity level to the host. However, further investigation is required to confirm the data in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hambal
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Frengki Frengki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Eka Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Henni Vanda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meier TB, Savitz J. The Kynurenine Pathway in Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Psychiatric Outcomes. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:449-458. [PMID: 34266671 PMCID: PMC8630076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders, especially depression and anxiety. However, the mechanistic pathways underlying this risk remain unclear, limiting treatment options and hindering the identification of clinically useful biomarkers. One salient pathophysiological process implicated in both primary psychiatric disorders and TBI is inflammation. An important consequence of inflammation is the increased breakdown of tryptophan to kynurenine and, subsequently, the metabolism of kynurenine into several neuroactive metabolites, including the neurotoxic NMDA receptor agonist quinolinic acid and the neuroprotective NMDA receptor antagonist kynurenic acid. Here, we review studies of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in TBI and examine their potential clinical implications. The weight of the literature suggests that there is increased production of neurotoxic kynurenines such as quinolinic acid in TBI of all severities and that elevated quinolinic acid concentrations in both the cerebrospinal fluid and blood are a negative prognostic indicator, being associated with death, magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, increased depressive and anxiety symptoms, and prolonged recovery. We hypothesize that an imbalance in KP metabolism is also one molecular pathway through which the TBI-induced neurometabolic cascade may predispose to the development of psychiatric sequelae. If this model is correct, KP metabolites could serve to predict who is likely to develop psychiatric illness while drugs that target the KP could help to prevent or treat depression and anxiety arising in the context of TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B. Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,Corresponding author: Timothy Meier, PhD, 414-955-7310, , Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma,Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cuomo-Haymour N, Sigrist H, Ineichen C, Russo G, Nüesch U, Gantenbein F, Kulic L, Knuesel I, Bergamini G, Pryce CR. Evidence for Effects of Extracellular Vesicles on Physical, Inflammatory, Transcriptome and Reward Behaviour Status in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031028. [PMID: 35162951 PMCID: PMC8835024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-inflammatory activation impacts extracellular vesicles (EVs), including their miRNA cargo. There is evidence for changes in the EV miRNome in inflammation-associated neuropsychiatric disorders. This mouse study investigated: (1) effects of systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and chronic social stress (CSS) on plasma EV miRNome; and (2) physiological, transcriptional, and behavioural effects of peripheral or central delivered LPS-activated EVs in recipient mice. LPS or CSS effects on the plasma EV miRNome were assessed by using microRNA sequencing. Recipient mice received plasma EVs isolated from LPS-treated or SAL-treated donor mice or vehicle only, either intravenously or into the nucleus accumbens (NAc), on three consecutive days. Bodyweight, spleen or NAc transcriptome and reward (sucrose) motivation were assessed. LPS and CSS increased the expression of 122 and decreased expression of 20 plasma EV miRNAs, respectively. Peripheral LPS-EVs reduced bodyweight, and both LPS-EVs and SAL-EVs increased spleen expression of immune-relevant genes. NAc-infused LPS-EVs increased the expression of 10 immune-inflammatory genes. Whereas motivation increased similarly across test days in all groups, the effect of test days was more pronounced in mice that received peripheral or central LPS-EVs compared with other groups. This study provides causal evidence that increased EV levels impact physiological and behavioural processes and are of potential relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagiua Cuomo-Haymour
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.C.-H.); (H.S.); (C.I.); (G.B.)
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Sigrist
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.C.-H.); (H.S.); (C.I.); (G.B.)
| | - Christian Ineichen
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.C.-H.); (H.S.); (C.I.); (G.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Russo
- Functional Genomics Centre Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Ursina Nüesch
- Paediatric Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Felix Gantenbein
- Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Luka Kulic
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (L.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Irene Knuesel
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (L.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Giorgio Bergamini
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.C.-H.); (H.S.); (C.I.); (G.B.)
| | - Christopher Robert Pryce
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.C.-H.); (H.S.); (C.I.); (G.B.)
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)44-634-89-21
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wei Y, Hu Y, Qi K, Li Y, Chen J, Wang R. Dihydromyricetin improves LPS-induced sickness and depressive-like behaviors in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/Akt/HIF1a/NLRP3 pathway. Behav Brain Res 2022; 423:113775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
21
|
Drevets WC, Wittenberg GM, Bullmore ET, Manji HK. Immune targets for therapeutic development in depression: towards precision medicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:224-244. [PMID: 35039676 PMCID: PMC8763135 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, compelling evidence has emerged indicating that immune mechanisms can contribute to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and that drugs with primary immune targets can improve depressive symptoms. Patients with MDD are heterogeneous with respect to symptoms, treatment responses and biological correlates. Defining a narrower patient group based on biology could increase the treatment response rates in certain subgroups: a major advance in clinical psychiatry. For example, patients with MDD and elevated pro-inflammatory biomarkers are less likely to respond to conventional antidepressant drugs, but novel immune-based therapeutics could potentially address their unmet clinical needs. This article outlines a framework for developing drugs targeting a novel patient subtype within MDD and reviews the current state of neuroimmune drug development for mood disorders. We discuss evidence for a causal role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of depression, together with targets under investigation in randomized controlled trials, biomarker evidence elucidating the link to neural mechanisms, biological and phenotypic patient selection strategies, and the unmet clinical need among patients with MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne C. Drevets
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Gayle M. Wittenberg
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Data Science, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ USA
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.450563.10000 0004 0412 9303Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Husseini K. Manji
- grid.417429.dScience for Minds, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Faruqui NA, Prium DH, Mowna SA, Ullah MA, Araf Y, Sarkar B, Zohora US, Rahman MS. Gut microorganisms and neurological disease perspectives. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of every healthy human consists of a unique set of gut microbiota that collectively harbors a diverse and complex community of over 100 trillion microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, archaea, protozoa and fungi. Gut microbes have a symbiotic relationship with our body. The composition of the microbiota is shaped early in life by gut maturation, which is influenced by several factors. Intestinal bacteria are crucial in maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis and protecting against pathogens. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated not only with intestinal disorders but also with extraintestinal diseases such as metabolic and neurological disorders. In this review, the authors examine different studies that have revealed the possible hypotheses and links in the development of neurological disorders associated with the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nairita Ahsan Faruqui
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Biotechnology Program, School of Data & Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Durdana Hossain Prium
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Biotechnology Program, School of Data & Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadrina Afrin Mowna
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Biotechnology Program, School of Data & Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yusha Araf
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Bishajit Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Salma Zohora
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The kynurenine pathway and bipolar disorder: intersection of the monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems and immune response. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4085-4095. [PMID: 31732715 PMCID: PMC7225078 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction in a wide array of systems-including the immune, monoaminergic, and glutamatergic systems-is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. One potential intersection point for these three systems is the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. This study explored the impact of the prototypic glutamatergic modulator ketamine on the endogenous KYN pathway in individuals with bipolar depression (BD), as well as the relationship between response to ketamine and depression-related behavioral and peripheral inflammatory markers. Thirty-nine participants with treatment-resistant BD (23 F, ages 18-65) received a single ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg) over 40 min. KYN pathway analytes-including plasma concentrations of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), KYN, kynurenic acid (KynA), and quinolinic acid (QA)-were assessed at baseline (pre-infusion), 230 min, day 1, and day 3 post-ketamine. General linear models with restricted maximum likelihood estimation and robust sandwich variance estimators were implemented. A repeated effect of time was used to model the covariance of the residuals with an unstructured matrix. After controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), post-ketamine IDO levels were significantly lower than baseline at all three time points. Conversely, ketamine treatment significantly increased KYN and KynA levels at days 1 and 3 versus baseline. No change in QA levels was observed post-ketamine. A lower post-ketamine ratio of QA/KYN was observed at day 1. In addition, baseline levels of proinflammatory cytokines and behavioral measures predicted KYN pathway changes post ketamine. The results suggest that, in addition to having rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in BD participants, ketamine also impacts key components of the KYN pathway.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kopra E, Mondelli V, Pariante C, Nikkheslat N. Ketamine's effect on inflammation and kynurenine pathway in depression: A systematic review. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:934-945. [PMID: 34180293 PMCID: PMC8358579 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211026426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine is a novel rapid-acting antidepressant with high efficacy in treatment-resistant patients. Its exact therapeutic mechanisms of action are unclear; however, in recent years its anti-inflammatory properties and subsequent downstream effects on tryptophan (TRP) metabolism have sparked research interest. AIM This systematic review examined the effect of ketamine on inflammatory markers and TRP-kynurenine (KYN) pathway metabolites in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression and in animal models of depression. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched on October 2020 (1806 to 2020). RESULTS Out of 807 initial results, nine human studies and 22 animal studies on rodents met the inclusion criteria. Rodent studies provided strong support for ketamine-induced decreases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely in interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and indicated anti-inflammatory effects on TRP metabolism, including decreases in the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Clinical evidence was less robust with high heterogeneity between sample characteristics, but most experiments demonstrated decreases in peripheral inflammation including in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Preliminary support was also found for reduced activation of the neurotoxic arm of the KYN pathway. CONCLUSION Ketamine appears to induce anti-inflammatory effects in at least a proportion of depressed patients. Suggestions for future research include investigation of markers in the central nervous system and examination of clinical relevance of inflammatory changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kopra
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK
| | - Carmine Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK
| | - Naghmeh Nikkheslat
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Millischer V, Heinzl M, Faka A, Resl M, Trepci A, Klammer C, Egger M, Dieplinger B, Clodi M, Schwieler L. Intravenous administration of LPS activates the kynurenine pathway in healthy male human subjects: a prospective placebo-controlled cross-over trial. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:158. [PMID: 34273987 PMCID: PMC8286561 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, also known as the human endotoxemia model, is a standardized and safe model of human inflammation. Experimental studies have revealed that peripheral administration of LPS leads to induction of the kynurenine pathway followed by depressive-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction in animals. The aim of the present study is to investigate how acute intravenous LPS administration affects the kynurenine pathway in healthy male human subjects. Methods The present study is a prospective, single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study to investigate the effects of intravenously administered LPS (Escherichia coli O113, 2 ng/kg) on tryptophan and kynurenine metabolites over 48 h and their association with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The study included 10 healthy, non-smoking men (18–40 years) free from medication. Statistical differences in tryptophan and kynurenine metabolites as well as associations with IL-6 and CRP in LPS and placebo treated subjects were assessed with linear mixed-effects models. Results Systemic injection of LPS was associated with significantly lower concentrations of plasma tryptophan and kynurenine after 4 h, as well as higher concentrations of quinolinic acid (QUIN) after 48 h compared to the placebo injection. No differences were found in kynurenic acid (KYNA) or picolinic acid plasma concentrations between LPS or placebo treatment. The KYNA/kynurenine ratio peaked at 6 h post LPS injection while QUIN/kynurenine maintained significantly higher from 3 h post LPS injection until 24 h. The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio was higher at 24 h and 48 h post LPS treatment. Finally, we report an association between the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and CRP. Conclusions Our findings strongly support the concept that an inflammatory challenge with LPS induces the kynurenine pathway in humans, activating both the neurotoxic (QUIN) and neuroprotective (KYNA) branch of the kynurenine pathway. Trial registration This study is based on a study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03392701. Registered 21 December 2017. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02196-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Millischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Translational Psychiatry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Heinzl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder (St. John of God Hospital), Seilerstaette 2, 4021, Linz, Austria.,ICMR-Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Anthi Faka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Neuropsychoimmunology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Resl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder (St. John of God Hospital), Seilerstaette 2, 4021, Linz, Austria.,ICMR-Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Ada Trepci
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Neuropsychoimmunology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Klammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder (St. John of God Hospital), Seilerstaette 2, 4021, Linz, Austria.,ICMR-Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Margot Egger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder (St. John of God Hospital), Linz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Dieplinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder (St. John of God Hospital), Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Clodi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder (St. John of God Hospital), Seilerstaette 2, 4021, Linz, Austria. .,ICMR-Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, JKU Linz, Linz, Austria.
| | - Lilly Schwieler
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Neuropsychoimmunology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mithaiwala MN, Santana-Coelho D, Porter GA, O’Connor JC. Neuroinflammation and the Kynurenine Pathway in CNS Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2021; 10:1548. [PMID: 34205235 PMCID: PMC8235708 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remain a significant health, social and economic problem around the globe. The development of therapeutic strategies for CNS conditions has suffered due to a poor understanding of the underlying pathologies that manifest them. Understanding common etiological origins at the cellular and molecular level is essential to enhance the development of efficacious and targeted treatment options. Over the years, neuroinflammation has been posited as a common link between multiple neurological, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Processes that precipitate neuroinflammatory conditions including genetics, infections, physical injury and psychosocial factors, like stress and trauma, closely link dysregulation in kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism as a possible pathophysiological factor that 'fuel the fire' in CNS diseases. In this study, we aim to review emerging evidence that provide mechanistic insights between different CNS disorders, neuroinflammation and the KP. We provide a thorough overview of the different branches of the KP pertinent to CNS disease pathology that have therapeutic implications for the development of selected and efficacious treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa N. Mithaiwala
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.N.M.); (D.S.-C.); (G.A.P.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Mail Code 8864, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Danielle Santana-Coelho
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.N.M.); (D.S.-C.); (G.A.P.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Mail Code 8864, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Grace A. Porter
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.N.M.); (D.S.-C.); (G.A.P.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Mail Code 8864, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jason C. O’Connor
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.N.M.); (D.S.-C.); (G.A.P.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Mail Code 8864, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Research, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Heath System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen LM, Bao CH, Wu Y, Liang SH, Wang D, Wu LY, Huang Y, Liu HR, Wu HG. Tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism: a link between the gut and brain for depression in inflammatory bowel disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:135. [PMID: 34127024 PMCID: PMC8204445 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which mainly includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a group of chronic bowel diseases that are characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools. IBD is strongly associated with depression, and its patients have a higher incidence of depression than the general population. Depression also adversely affects the quality of life and disease prognosis of patients with IBD. The tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway degrades more than 90% of tryptophan (TRP) throughout the body, with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the key metabolic enzyme, being activated in the inflammatory environment. A series of metabolites of the pathway are neurologically active, among which kynerunic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are molecules of great interest in recent studies on the mechanisms of inflammation-induced depression. In this review, the relationship between depression in IBD and the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway is overviewed in the light of recent publications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Chen
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 650 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chun-Hui Bao
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 650 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Shi-Hua Liang
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Nettelbosje 2, Groningen, 9747 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Di Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Lu-Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 650 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 650 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hui-Rong Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 650 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Huan-Gan Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110 Ganhe Road, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 650 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The kynurenine pathway in major depression: What we know and where to next. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:917-927. [PMID: 34029552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a serious psychiatric disorder, occurring in up to 20 % of the population. Despite its devastating burden, the neurobiological changes associated with depression are not fully understood. A growing body of evidence suggests the kynurenine pathway is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. In this review, we bring together the literature examining elements of the kynurenine pathway in depression and explore the implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of depression, while highlighting the gaps in the current knowledge. Current research indicates an increased potential for neurotoxic activity of the kynurenine pathway in peripheral blood samples but an increased activation of the putative neuroprotective arm in some brain regions in depression. The disconnect between these findings requires further investigation, with a greater research effort on elucidating the central effects of the kynurenine pathway in driving depression symptomology. Research investigating the benefits of targeting the kynurenine pathway centred on human brain findings and the heterogenous subtypes of depression will help guide the identification of effective drug targets in depression.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mansouri M, Sotoudeh MM, Shamshirian A, Beheshti F, Hosseini M, Sadeghnia HR. Beneficial effects of selenium against the behavioral consequences of lipopolysaccharide administration in rats. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2021.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Alboni S, Benatti C, Colliva C, Radighieri G, Blom JMC, Brunello N, Tascedda F. Vortioxetine Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Memory Impairment Without Inhibiting the Initial Inflammatory Cascade. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:603979. [PMID: 33613281 PMCID: PMC7890663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.603979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vortioxetine is a novel multimodal antidepressant that modulates a wide range of neurotransmitters throughout the brain. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that vortioxetine exerts positive effects on different cognitive domains and neuroprotective effects. Considering the key role of microglial cells in brain plasticity and cognition, we aimed at investigating the effects of pretreatment with vortioxetine in modulating behavioral and molecular effects induced by an immune challenge: peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To this purpose, C57BL/6J male mice were first exposed to a 28-day standard diet or vortioxetine-enriched diet, which was followed by an acute immune challenge with LPS. Sickness symptoms and depressive-like behaviors (anhedonia and memory impairment) were tested 6 and 24 h after exposure to LPS, respectively. Moreover, the expressions of markers of immune activation and M1/M2 markers of microglia polarization were measured in the dorsal and ventral parts of the hippocampus. The pretreatment with vortioxetine did not affect both LPS-induced sickness behavior and anhedonia but prevented the deficit in the recognition memory induced by the immune challenge. At the transcriptional level, chronic exposure to vortioxetine did not prevent LPS-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines 6 h after the immune challenge but rather seemed to potentiate the immune response to the challenge also by affecting the levels of expression of markers of microglia M1 phenotype, like cluster of differentiation (CD)14 and CD86, in an area-dependent manner. However, at the same time point, LPS injection significantly increased the expression of the M2 polarization inducer, interleukin 4, only in the hippocampus of animals chronically exposed to vortioxetine. These results demonstrate that a chronic administration of vortioxetine specifically prevents LPS-induced memory impairment, without affecting acute sickness behavior and anhedonia, and suggest that hippocampal microglia may represent a cellular target of this novel antidepressant medication. Moreover, we provide a useful model to further explore the molecular mechanisms specifically underlying cognitive impairments following an immune challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Alboni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C Colliva
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - G Radighieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - J M C Blom
- Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - N Brunello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - F Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,CIB, Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Florensa-Zanuy E, Garro-Martínez E, Adell A, Castro E, Díaz Á, Pazos Á, Mac-Dowell KS, Martín-Hernández D, Pilar-Cuéllar F. Cannabidiol antidepressant-like effect in the lipopolysaccharide model in mice: Modulation of inflammatory pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114433. [PMID: 33513342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major Depression is a severe psychiatric condition with a still poorly understood etiology. In the last years, evidence supporting the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of depression has increased. In the current clinical scenario, in which the available treatments for depression is far from optimal, there is an urgent need to develop fast-acting drugs with fewer side effects. In this regard, recent pieces of evidence suggest that cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychotropic component of Cannabis sativa with anti-inflammatory properties, appears as a drug with antidepressant properties. In this work, CBD 30 mg/kg was administered systemically to mice 30 min before lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.83 mg/kg) administration as a neuroinflammatory model, and behavioral tests for depressive-, anhedonic- and anxious-like behavior were performed. NF-ĸB, IκBα and PPARγ levels were analyzed by western blot in nuclear and cytosolic fractions of cortical samples. IL-6 and TNFα levels were determined in plasma and prefrontal cortex using ELISA and qPCR techniques, respectively. The precursor tryptophan (TRP), and its metabolites kynurenine (KYN) and serotonin (5-HT) were measured in hippocampus and cortex by HPLC. The ratios KYN/TRP and KYN/5-HT were used to estimate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and the balance of both metabolic pathways, respectively. CBD reduced the immobility time in the tail suspension test and increased sucrose preference in the LPS model, without affecting locomotion and central activity in the open-field test. CBD diminished cortical NF-ĸB activation, IL-6 levels in plasma and brain, and the increased KYN/TRP and KYN/5-HT ratios in hippocampus and cortex in the LPS model. Our results demonstrate that CBD produced antidepressant-like effects in the LPS neuroinflammatory model, associated to a reduction in the kynurenine pathway activation, IL-6 levels and NF-ĸB activation. As CBD stands out as a promising antidepressant drug, more research is needed to completely understand its mechanisms of action in depression linked to inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Florensa-Zanuy
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Emilio Garro-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Albert Adell
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Elena Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Álvaro Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Ángel Pazos
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Karina S Mac-Dowell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Departmento de Farmacología y Toxicología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IUIN-UCM, Imas12 Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martín-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fuencisla Pilar-Cuéllar
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang P, Huang H, Gao X, Jiang J, Xi C, Wu L, Fu Y, Lai J, Hu S. Involvement of Kynurenine Metabolism in Bipolar Disorder: An Updated Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:677039. [PMID: 34381386 PMCID: PMC8349985 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.677039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe affective disorder, mainly characterized by alternative depressive and manic or hypomanic episodes, yet the pathogenesis of BD has not been fully elucidated. Recent researches have implicated the altered kynurenine (KYN) metabolism involved in the neurobiology of BD. Excessive activation of the immune system also occurs in patients with BD, which further accelerates the KYN pathway for tryptophan metabolism. Changes of the KYN metabolites have effects on neuronal receptors and are involved in neuroendocrine transmissions. Interactions between KYN metabolism and the immune system may contribute to the neuropathogenesis of BD. Various studies have shown that alterations of the KYN metabolites were associated with mood, psychotic symptoms, and cognitive functions in patients with BD. In this review, we briefly introduce the KYN pathway and describe the immune dysregulation in BD as well as their interactions. We then focus on the research advances on the KYN metabolism in BD, which hold promise for identifying novel treatment targets in patients stricken with this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peifen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xingle Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caixi Xi
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyang Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Muneer A. Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Considerations. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 18:507-526. [PMID: 33124585 PMCID: PMC7609208 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.4.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions 95% of the ingested essential amino acid tryptophan is metabolized by the kynurenine pathway (KP) to yield the ubiquitous co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, fulfilling cellular energy require-ments. Importantly, the intermediaries of KP exert crucial effects throughout the body, including the central nervous system. Besides, KP metabolites are implicated in diverse disease processes such as inflammation/immune disorders, endocrine/metabolic conditions, cancers and neuropsychiatric diseases. A burgeoning body of research indicates that the KP plays a pathogenic role in major psychiatric diseases like mood disorders and schizophrenia. Triggered by inflammatory processes, the balance between neurotoxic and neuroprotective branches of the KP is disturbed. In preclinical models these discrepancies result in behaviors reminiscent of depression and psychosis. In clinical samples, recent studies are discovering key kynurenine pathway abnormalities which incriminate it in the pathogenesis of the main psychiatric disorders. Harnessing this knowledge has the potential to find disease biomarkers helpful in identifying and prognosticating neuropsychiatric disorders. Concurrently, earnest research efforts directed towards manipulating the KP hold the promise of discovering novel pharmacological agents that have therapeutic value. In this manuscript, an in-depth appraisal of the extant literature is done to understand the working of KP as this applies to neuropsychiatric disorders. It is concluded that this pathway plays an overarching role in the development of major psychiatric disorders, the KP metabolites have the potential to serve as disease markers and new medications based on KP modulation can bring lasting cures for patients suffering from these intractable conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ather Muneer
- Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Suento WJ, Kunisawa K, Wulaer B, Kosuge A, Iida T, Fujigaki S, Fujigaki H, Yamamoto Y, Tanra AJ, Saito K, Mouri A, Nabeshima T. Prefrontal cortex miR-874-3p prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior through inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in mice. J Neurochem 2020; 157:1963-1978. [PMID: 33095942 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is the first rate-limiting enzyme that metabolizes tryptophan to the kynurenine pathway. Its activity is highly inducible by pro-inflammatory cytokines and correlates with the severity of major depressive disorder (MDD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in gene regulation and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders including MDD. However, the role of miRNAs in targeting IDO1 in the pathophysiology of MDD is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of novel miRNAs in the regulation of IDO1 activity and its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like behavior in mice. LPS up-regulated miR-874-3p concomitantly with increase in IDO1 expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), increase in immobility in the forced swimming test as depression-like behavior and decrease in locomotor activity as sickness behavior without motor dysfunction. The miR-874-3p increased in both neuron and microglia after LPS. Its mimic significantly suppressed LPS-induced IDO1 expression in the PFC. Infusion of IDO1 inhibitor (1-methyl-l-tryptophan) and miR-874-3p into PFC prevented an increase in immobility in the forced swimming test, but did not decrease in locomotor activity induced by LPS. These results suggest that miR-874-3p may play an important role in preventing the LPS-induced depression-like behavior through inhibition of IDO1 expression. This may also serve as a novel potential target molecule for the treatment of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willy Jaya Suento
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Hasanuddin University Faculty of Medicine, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Kazuo Kunisawa
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Bolati Wulaer
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aika Kosuge
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Iida
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Suwako Fujigaki
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Fujigaki
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Andi Jayalangkara Tanra
- Department of Psychiatry, Hasanuddin University Faculty of Medicine, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Aichi, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bile Acids: A Communication Channel in the Gut-Brain Axis. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:99-117. [PMID: 33085065 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids are signalling hormones involved in the regulation of several metabolic pathways. The ability of bile acids to bind and signal through their receptors is modulated by the gut microbiome, since the microbiome contributes to the regulation and synthesis of bile acids as well to their physiochemical properties. From the gut, bacteria have been shown to send signals to the central nervous system via their metabolites, thus affecting the behaviour and brain function of the host organism. In the last years it has become increasingly evident that bile acids affect brain function, during normal physiological and pathological conditions. Although bile acids may be synthesized locally in the brain, the majority of brain bile acids are taken up from the systemic circulation. Since the composition of the brain bile acid pool may be regulated by the action of intestinal bacteria, it is possible that bile acids function as a communication bridge between the gut microbiome and the brain. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms and the physiological roles of bile acids in the central nervous system. The possibility that bile acids may be a direct link between the intestinal microbiome and the brain is also an understudied subject. Here we review the influence of gut bacteria on the bile acid pool composition and properties, as well as striking evidence showing the role of bile acids as neuroactive molecules.
Collapse
|
36
|
The Role of the Kynurenine Signaling Pathway in Different Chronic Pain Conditions and Potential Use of Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176045. [PMID: 32842609 PMCID: PMC7503462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) is an essential, aromatic amino acid catabolized by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) enzymes into kynurenine. The IDO enzyme is expressed in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Another enzyme of interest in the kynurenine signaling pathway is kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO). The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of TRP and the kynurenine signaling pathway in different chronic pain patients. The IDO-1, IDO-2, and KMO enzymes and the kynurenine metabolite have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and other painful conditions (migraine, cluster headache, etc.) as well as depressive behavior. We highlighted the analgesic potential of novel agents targeting the enzymes of the kynurenine signaling pathway to explore their efficacy in both future basic science and transitional studies. Upcoming studies conducted on animal models will need to take into consideration the differences in TRP metabolism between human and non-human species. Since chronic painful conditions and depression have common pathophysiological patterns, and the kynurenine signaling pathway is involved in both of them, future clinical studies should aim to have outcomes targeting not only pain, but also functionality, mood changes, and quality of life.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhou N, Gu X, Zhuang T, Xu Y, Yang L, Zhou M. Gut Microbiota: A Pivotal Hub for Polyphenols as Antidepressants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6007-6020. [PMID: 32394713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, present in a broad range of plants, have been thought to be responsible for many beneficial health effects, such as an antidepressant. Despite that polyphenols can be absorbed in the small intestine directly, most of them have low bioavailability and reach the large intestine without any modifications due to their complex structures. The interaction between microbial communities and polyphenols in the intestine is important for the latter to exert antidepressant effects. Gut microbiota can improve the bioavailability of polyphenols; in turn, polyphenols can maintain the intestinal barrier as well as the community of the gut microbiota in normal status. Furthermore, gut microbita catabolize polyphenols to more active, better-absorbed metabolites, further ameliorating depression through the microbial-gut-brain (MGB) axis. Based on this evidence, the review illustrates the potential role of gut microbiota in the processes of polyphenols or their metabolites acting as antidepressants and further envisions the gut microbiota as therapeutic targets for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tongxi Zhuang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wigner P, Synowiec E, Jóźwiak P, Czarny P, Bijak M, Białek K, Szemraj J, Gruca P, Papp M, Śliwiński T. The Effect of Chronic Mild Stress and Venlafaxine on the Expression and Methylation Levels of Genes Involved in the Tryptophan Catabolites Pathway in the Blood and Brain Structures of Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1425-1436. [PMID: 32406039 PMCID: PMC7399689 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that depression may be associated with impairment of the tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) pathway. The present study investigated the effects of the chronic administration of venlafaxine on the expression and methylation status of Katl, Tph1/2, Ido1, Kmo and Kynu in the brain and blood of rats exposed to the CMS model of depression. The rats were subjected to the CMS procedure for 2 or 7 weeks and administered venlafaxine (10 mg/kg/day, IP) for 5 weeks. mRNA and protein expression and the methylation status of gene promoters in PBMCs and six brain structures were evaluated and analysed using the TaqMan Gene Expression Assay and Western blotting, and methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM), respectively. We found that the CMS procedure increased KatI expression in the midbrain and KatII expression in the midbrain and the amygdala, while venlafaxine administration decreased KatII expression in the hypothalamus and the cerebral cortex. The methylation status of the Tph1 and Kmo promoters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was significantly increased in the stressed group after antidepressant therapy. The protein levels of Tph1 and Ido1 were decreased following venlafaxine administration. Our results confirmed that CMS and venlafaxine modulate the expression levels and methylation status of genes involved in the TRYCATs pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Jóźwiak
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Bijak
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Białek
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Papp
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim S, Kim N, Lee J, Kim S, Hong J, Son S, Do Heo W. Dynamic Fas signaling network regulates neural stem cell proliferation and memory enhancement. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz9691. [PMID: 32494656 PMCID: PMC7176421 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz9691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Fas (CD95) is observed in various neurological disorders and can lead to both apoptosis and prosurvival outputs, yet how Fas signaling operates dynamically in the hippocampus is poorly understood. The optogenetic dissection of a signaling network can yield molecular-level explanations for cellular responses or fates, including the signaling dysfunctions seen in numerous diseases. Here, we developed an optogenetically activatable Fas that works in a physiologically plausible manner. Fas activation in immature neurons of the dentate gyrus triggered mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and subsequent brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) in neural stem cells was induced under prolonged Fas activation. Repetitive activation of this signaling network yielded proliferation of neural stem cells and a transient increase in spatial working memory in mice. Our results demonstrate a novel Fas signaling network in the dentate gyrus and illuminate its consequences for adult neurogenesis and memory enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seokhwi Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nury Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongryul Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkyu Son
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Do Heo
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang J, Lin W, Tang M, Zhao Y, Zhang K, Wang X, Li Y. Inhibition of JNK ameliorates depressive-like behaviors and reduces the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptors at serine 246 induced by neuroinflammation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 113:104580. [PMID: 31901732 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with immune dysregulation and the aberrant activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the neurobiological molecular mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), an important modulator in inflammation and stress responses, is often critically implicated in the development of central nervous system diseases. However, whether and how JNK mediates neuroinflammation-induced depression remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of JNK in depressive-like behaviors induced by central lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion. The results showed that LPS infusion led to depressive-like behaviors, accompanied by increased proinflammatory cytokine expression, increased JNK activation, and upregulated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) phosphorylation at serine 246 (pGR-Ser246) in the habenula (Hb), amygdala (Amyg) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Treatment with SP600125, a known JNK inhibitor, prevented the LPS-induced hyper-activation of JNK and alleviated depressive-like behaviors. Moreover, LPS-induced increases in the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and pGR-Ser246 in these brain regions were reduced when the rats were treated with SP600125. Our results show, for the first time, that JNK activities in the Hb, Amyg, and mPFC are involved in the modulation of neuroinflammation-induced depression and participate in the regulation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and GR phosphorylation, which are pathological factors associated with depression. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of neuroinflammation-associated depression and suggest that the JNK pathway may be a potential target for treating inflammation-related depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Mingming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yawei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingcong Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pathogenic contribution of the Macrophage migration inhibitory factor family to major depressive disorder and emerging tailored therapeutic approaches. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:15-24. [PMID: 31818772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoinflammatory disorders are often accompanied by depression. Here, we review the available preclinical and clinical studies suggesting a role for the pro-inflammatory cytokine Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and the second member of the MIF family, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT; DDT), in the pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorders (MDD). METHODS We prepared a narrative review from a search on PubMed of studies pertaining to MDD and MIF, as for October 2019. Both humans and animal studies haves been considered. RESULTS Preclinical data show conflicting results on the role of endogenous MIF and DDT in depression. In contrast, several human studies show that circulating MIF levels tend to increase during the course of MDD. Higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers have also been associated with poorer responses to antidepressants and the levels of MIF significantly decrease after treatment, despite this may not be necessarily associated to an improvement in psychiatric symptoms. LIMITATIONS This is a narrative and not a systematic review of the literature on the involvement of MIF in MDD. We have highlighted studies performed in humans and in animal models, irrespective of population size and methodological approach. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights a role of MIF, and possibly DDT, in the pathogenesis of MDD. Whilst studies in animal models are discordant, the studies in patients with MDD convergently suggest that MIF plays a role in induction and maintenance of the disease. Additional studies are also needed on DDT that often displays synergistic function with MIF and their receptors.
Collapse
|
42
|
Effects of IDO1 and TDO2 inhibition on cognitive deficits and anxiety following LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020; 32:43-53. [PMID: 31753057 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2019.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sustained immune activation leads to cognitive dysfunctions, depression-, and anxiety-like behaviours in humans and rodents. It is modelled by administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that then activate indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Here, we ask whether chronic IDO1 inhibition by 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT, added at 2 g/l in the drinking water) or chronic inhibition of tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase (TDO2), another enzyme capable of converting tryptophan to kynurenine, by 680C91 (15 mg/kg per os), can rescue LPS-induced (0.83-mg/kg intraperitoneally) anxiety and cognitive deficits. We also investigate the acute effects of 680C91 on serotonergic, dopaminergic, and kynurenine pathway metabolites. METHODS We examined LPS-induced deficits in trace fear conditioning and anxiety in the light-dark box and elevated plus maze (EPM) in group-housed C57Bl6/N mice. Kynurenine pathway metabolites and monoamine levels were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Chronic blockade of IDO1 with 1-MT did not rescue cognitive deficits or abrogate the anxiogenic behaviour caused by LPS despite a decrease in the brain kynurenine:tryptophan ratio. However, 1-MT by itself demonstrated anxiolytic properties in the EPM. Acute and chronic inhibition of TDO2 elevated brain levels of tryptophan, while chronic inhibition of TDO2 was unsuccessful in rescuing cognitive deficits and abrogating the anxiety caused by LPS. CONCLUSIONS In line with previous studies, we show that LPS administration induces anxiety and cognitive dysfunctions in mice that however were not reversed by chronic blockade of IDO1 or TDO2 at the doses used.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a critical role in generating cellular energy in the form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Because energy requirements are substantially increased during an immune response, the KP is a key regulator of the immune system. Perhaps more importantly in the context of psychiatry, many kynurenines are neuroactive, modulating neuroplasticity and/or exerting neurotoxic effects in part through their effects on NMDA receptor signaling and glutamatergic neurotransmission. As such, it is not surprising that the kynurenines have been implicated in psychiatric illness in the context of inflammation. However, because of their neuromodulatory properties, the kynurenines are not just additional members of a list of inflammatory mediators linked with psychiatric illness, but in preclinical studies have been shown to be necessary components of the behavioral analogs of depression and schizophrenia-like cognitive deficits. Further, as the title suggests, the KP is regulated by, and in turn regulates multiple other physiological systems that are commonly disrupted in psychiatric disorders, including endocrine, metabolic, and hormonal systems. This review provides a broad overview of the mechanistic pathways through which the kynurenines interact with these systems, thus impacting emotion, cognition, pain, metabolic function, and aging, and in so doing potentially increasing the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting the KP are discussed. Moreover, electroconvulsive therapy, ketamine, physical exercise, and certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatories have been shown to alter kynurenine metabolism, raising the possibility that kynurenine metabolites may have utility as treatment response or therapeutic monitoring biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kruse JL, Cho JHJ, Olmstead R, Hwang L, Faull K, Eisenberger NI, Irwin MR. Kynurenine metabolism and inflammation-induced depressed mood: A human experimental study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 109:104371. [PMID: 31325802 PMCID: PMC6842695 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has an important physiological influence on mood and behavior. Kynurenine metabolism is hypothesized to be a pathway linking inflammation and depressed mood, in part through the impact of kynurenine metabolites on glutamate neurotransmission in the central nervous system. This study evaluated whether the circulating concentrations of kynurenine and related compounds change acutely in response to an inflammatory challenge (endotoxin administration) in a human model of inflammation-induced depressed mood, and whether such metabolite changes relate to mood change. Adults (n = 115) were randomized to receive endotoxin or placebo. Mood (Profile of Mood States), plasma cytokine (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) and metabolite (kynurenine, tryptophan, kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid) concentrations were repeatedly measured before the intervention, and at 2 and 6 h post-intervention. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate relationships between mood, kynurenine and related compounds, and cytokines. Kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and tryptophan (but not quinolinic acid) concentrations changed acutely (p's all <0.001) in response to endotoxin as compared to placebo. Neither kynurenine, kynurenic acid nor tryptophan concentrations were correlated at baseline with cytokine concentrations, but all three were significantly correlated with cytokine concentrations over time in response to endotoxin. Quinolinic acid concentrations were not correlated with cytokine concentrations either before or following endotoxin treatment. In those who received endotoxin, kynurenine (p = 0.049) and quinolinic acid (p = 0.03) positively correlated with depressed mood, although these findings would not survive correction for multiple testing. Changes in tryptophan and kynurenine pathway metabolites did not mediate the relationship between cytokines and depressed mood. Further work is necessary to clarify the pathways leading from inflammation to depressed mood in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Kruse
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California Los Angeles,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Joshua Hyong-Jin Cho
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California Los Angeles, United States; Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Richard Olmstead
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California Los Angeles,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Lin Hwang
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles,Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Kym Faull
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles,Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Naomi I. Eisenberger
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California Los Angeles,Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California Los Angeles,Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mao J, Hu Y, Ruan L, Ji Y, Lou Z. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in depression (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4774-4780. [PMID: 31702816 PMCID: PMC6854536 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a devastating mood disorder that causes profound disability worldwide. Despite the increasing number of antidepressant medications available, the treatment options for depression are limited. Therefore, understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of depression, and exploiting potential novel agents to treat and prevent this disorder are imperative. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates the unfolded protein response and mediates the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases, including depression. Emerging evidence in human and animal models suggests an intriguing link between ER stress and depression. The ER serves as an important subcellular organelle for the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins, a process that is highly developed in neuronal cells. Perturbations of ER homeostasis lead to ER stress, and ER stress helps to restore the normal ER function by restoring the protein-folding capacity of the ER. This biological defense mechanism is imperative to prevent the disease. However, excessive or persistent ER stress eventually causes cell death. If the damage occurs in the hippocampus, the amygdala and striatum and other areas of the neurons will be involved in the development of depression. In this review article, we explore how ER stress might have an important role in the pathophysiology of depression and how different drugs affect depression through ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Mao
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yanran Hu
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Liemin Ruan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Yunxin Ji
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Zhongze Lou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ano Y, Kita M, Kitaoka S, Furuyashiki T. Leucine-Histidine Dipeptide Attenuates Microglial Activation and Emotional Disturbances Induced by Brain Inflammation and Repeated Social Defeat Stress. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092161. [PMID: 31505850 PMCID: PMC6770249 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with mental illnesses is rapidly increasing, and daily lifestyle is closely associated with the development of symptoms. It is suggested that inflammatory molecules derived from microglia play crucial roles for the pathophysiology of depression. In the present study, we discovered that leucine–histidine (LH) dipeptide suppressed activation of primary microglia. The effects of LH dipeptide orally administered were measured using tail suspension test (TST) in mice injected with lipopolysaccharide and social interaction test in mice received social defeat stress. LH dipeptide reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines upon stimulation in microglia. Orally administered LH dipeptide was delivered to the brain and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain and concomitant depression-like behavior in the TST. Moreover, oral administration of LH dipeptide suppressed the induction of depression- and anxiety-like behaviors induced by repeated social defeat stress. These results indicate that LH dipeptide suppressed the activation of microglia and ameliorated depression-associated emotional disturbances. Further, we found that LH dipeptide was abundant in various fermented products. Together with previous epidemiological reports that daily intake of these fermented foods is negatively associated with the incidence of psychiatric diseases, our findings suggest that food rich in LH dipeptide may improve mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kita
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Shiho Kitaoka
- Division of Pharmacology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Furuyashiki
- Division of Pharmacology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang J, Cheng C, Xin C, Wang Z. The Antidepressant-like Effect of Flavonoids from Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seeds in Chronic Restraint Stress Mice via Modulation of Monoamine Regulatory Pathways. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061105. [PMID: 30897781 PMCID: PMC6471463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum) seeds flavonoids (FSF) have diverse biological activities, while the antidepressant-like effect of FSF has been seldom explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of FSF and to identify the potential molecular mechanisms. LC-MS/MS was used for the determination of FSF. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) was used to establish the animal model of depression. Observation of exploratory behavior in the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test (SPT) indicated the stress level. The serum corticosterone (CORT) level was measured. The monoamine neurotransmitters (5-HT, NE and DA) and their metabolites, as well as monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) enzyme activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum, were evaluated. The protein expression levels of KLF11, SIRT1, MAO-A were also determined by western blot analysis. The results showed that FSF treatment significantly reversed the CRS-induced behavioral abnormalities, including reduced sucrose preference and increased immobility time. FSF administration markedly restored CRS induced changes in concentrations of serum corticosterone, prefrontal cortex neurotransmitters (NE, 5-HT and DA), hippocampus neurotransmitters (NE, 5-HT and DA) and striatum neurotransmitters (NE). FSF treatment exhibited significant inhibition of MAO-A activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. FSF also significantly down-regulated the KLF11, SIRT1 and MAO-A protein expression levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. These findings indicate that FSF could exhibit an antidepressant-like effect by down-regulating the KLF11/SIRT1-MAO-A pathways, inhibiting MAO-A expression and activity, as well as up-regulating monoamine neurotransmitters levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Wang
- Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Cuilin Cheng
- Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Chao Xin
- Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ano Y, Ohya R, Kita M, Taniguchi Y, Kondo K. Theaflavins Improve Memory Impairment and Depression-Like Behavior by Regulating Microglial Activation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030467. [PMID: 30696093 PMCID: PMC6384870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in the brain is associated with various disorders including Alzheimer's disease and depression. Thus, inflammation has received increasing attention regarding preventive approaches to such disorders. Epidemiological investigations have reported that drinking tea reduces the risk of dementia and depression. Theaflavins, a polyphenol found in black tea, are known to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammation effects, but the effects of theaflavins on cognitive decline and depression induced by inflammation have not been investigated. To address this research gap, the present study assessed whether theaflavins could protect synapses and dendrites damaged by inflammation and prevent concomitant memory impairment and depression-like behavior in mice. Intracerebroventricular injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neural inflammation associated with reduced spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze test and increased immobility in the tail suspension test, indicating impaired spatial memory and depression-like behavior, respectively. Oral administration with theaflavins prevented these behavioral changes induced by LPS. Theaflavins also suppressed productions of inflammatory cytokines and prevented dendritic atrophy and spine loss in the brain. Notably, theaflavins have a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than other polyphenols such as catechin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. These results suggest that theaflavins can suppress neural inflammation and prevent the symptoms of inflammation-related brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Rena Ohya
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kita
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yoshimasa Taniguchi
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Keiji Kondo
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu H, Ding L, Zhang H, Mellor D, Wu H, Zhao D, Wu C, Lin Z, Yuan J, Peng D. The Metabolic Factor Kynurenic Acid of Kynurenine Pathway Predicts Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:552. [PMID: 30510519 PMCID: PMC6252326 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic factors in the kynurenine pathway (KP) have been widely accepted as being a major mechanism in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, the effects of these metabolites on the degree and pattern of MDD are still poorly understood, partly due to the elusiveness of the level of metabolites when diagnosing depression. This study aimed to explore a novel diagnostic method analyzing peripheral blood with mass spectrometry to assess metabolites from KP in patients with MDD and Bipolar Depression (BD). Methods: Thirty-three patients with MDD, 20 patients with BD, and 23 healthy control participants were enrolled Metabolic factors of KP from plasma including tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and quinolinic acid (QUIN) were analyzed by UPLC-3Q-MS, and levels compared across three groups. Correlation between HAMD scores and metabolite levels conducted. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the diagnostic value of metabolic factors in MDD. Results: Levels of KYNA, QUIN, KYNA/QUIN, and KYNA/KYN were statistically different across the three groups (P < 0.05); HAMD scores and TRP, KYN, KYNA/QUIN levels were negatively correlated in the MDD group (r = -0.633, -0.477, -0.418, P < 0.05); Accuracy of KYNA diagnosing MDD was 82.5% with the optimal diagnostic value being 15.48 ng/ml. Diagnostic accuracy was increased to 83.6% when KYNA and QUIN levels were used in combination. Conclusion: This results indicate that metabolic factors of KP play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of MDD, supporting the metabolic imbalance hypothesis of MDD. Furthermore, our study also provides a new diagnostic method to study MDD based on plasma KYNA level, and suggests that KYNA would be a potential biomarker in diagnosing depression patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - David Mellor
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuangxin Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguang Lin
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojian Yuan
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rigillo G, Vilella A, Benatti C, Schaeffer L, Brunello N, Blom JMC, Zoli M, Tascedda F. LPS-induced histone H3 phospho(Ser10)-acetylation(Lys14) regulates neuronal and microglial neuroinflammatory response. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:277-290. [PMID: 30244035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications of DNA and histone proteins are emerging as fundamental mechanisms by which neural cells adapt their transcriptional response to environmental cues, such as, immune stimuli or stress. In particular, histone H3 phospho(Ser10)-acetylation(Lys14) (H3S10phK14ac) has been linked to activation of specific gene expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of H3S10phK14ac in a neuroinflammatory condition. Adult male rats received a intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (830 μg/Kg/i.p., n = 6) or vehicle (saline 1 mL/kg/i.p., n = 6) and were sacrificed 2 or 6 h later. We showed marked region- and time-specific increases in H3S10phK14ac in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, two principal target regions of LPS. These changes were accompanied by a marked transcriptional activation of interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) α, the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the immediate early gene c-Fos. By means of chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated an increased region- and time-specific association of H3S10phK14ac with the promoters of IL-6, c-Fos and iNOS genes, suggesting that part of the LPS-induced transcriptional activation of these genes is regulated by H3S10phK14ac. Finally, by means of multiple immunofluorescence approach, we showed that increased H3S10phK14ac is cell type-specific, being neurons and reactive microglia, the principal histological types involved in this response. Present data point to H3S10phK14ac as a principal epigenetic regulator of neural cell response to systemic LPS and underline the importance of distinct time-, region- and cell-specific epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene transcription to understand the mechanistic complexity of neuroinflammatory response to immune challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rigillo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonietta Vilella
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Université Lyon1, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Nicoletta Brunello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Johanna M C Blom
- Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, viale Antonio Allegri 9, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|