1
|
Jiang S, Li Z, Huang SJ, Zou W, Luo JG. IRF7 overexpression alleviates CFA-induced inflammatory pain by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:10-20. [PMID: 38777286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that nerve signals arising from sites of inflammation lead to persistent changes in the spinal cord and contribute to the amplification and persistence of pain. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated. We identified differentially expressed genes in the lumbar (L4-L6) segment of the spinal cord from complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) rats compared to control animals via high throughput sequencing. Based on differential gene expression analysis, we selected interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) for follow-up experiments to explore its antinociceptive potential. METHODS An animal model of inflammatory pain was induced by intraplantar injection of CFA. We evaluated the effects of adeno-associated viral (AAV)-mediated overexpression of IRF7 in the spinal cord on pain-related behavior after CFA injection. Moreover, the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were investigated to understand the underlying mechanisms related to the contribution of IRF7 to inflammatory pain. RESULTS CFA intraplantar injection caused a significant decrease in the level of spinal IRF7, which is mainly expressed in the dorsal horn neurons and astrocytes. Moreover, IRF7 overexpression significantly attenuated pain-related behaviors, as well as the activity of NF-κB/p65 and the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the spinal cord of CFA rats. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that spinal IRF7 plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory pain. Thus, IRF7 overexpression at the spinal cord level might represent a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhengyiqi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Si-Jian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Jian-Gang Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang XJ, Wang Z, Chen JW, Yuan SY, Zhao L, Zhong JY, Chen JJ, Lin WJ, Wu WS. The neuroprotective effect of near infrared light therapy in aged mice with postoperative neurocognitive disorder by upregulating IRF7. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:297-309. [PMID: 38211750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common central nervous system complication after undergoing surgery and anesthesia especially in elderly patients, while the therapeutic options are very limited. This study was carried out to investigate the beneficial effects of transcranial near infrared light (NIRL) which was employed to the treatment of PND and propose the involved mechanisms. METHODS The PND mice were established through left carotid artery exposure under isoflurane anesthesia and received transcranial NIRL treatment. Behavioral testing was performed to evaluate the cognitive function of PND mice after transcranial NIRL therapy. Changes in the transcriptomic profiles of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HP) were identified by next generation sequencing (NGS), and the molecular mechanisms involved were examined by both in vivo mouse model and in vitro cell culture studies. RESULTS We found that transcranial NIRL therapy effectively ameliorated learning and memory deficit induced by anesthesia and surgery in aged mice. Specifically, we identified down-regulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) in the brains of PND mice that was mechanistically associated with increased pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype of microglia and elevated neuroinflammatory. NIRL treatment produced protective effects through the upregulation of IRF7 expression and reversing microglial phenotypes from pro-inflammatory to neuroprotective, resulting in reduced brain damage and improved cognitive function in PND mice. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that transcranial NIRL is an effective and safe therapy for PND via alleviating neuroinflammation, and IRF7 plays a key transcription factor in regulating the M1-to-M2 switch of microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shang-Yan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ying Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Medical Research Center of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Si Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma W, Huang G, Wang Z, Wang L, Gao Q. IRF7: role and regulation in immunity and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1236923. [PMID: 37638030 PMCID: PMC10449649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1236923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 7 was originally identified as master transcriptional factor that produced IFN-I and regulated innate immune response, subsequent studies have revealed that IRF7 performs a multifaceted and versatile functions in multiple biological processes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current knowledge of the role of IRF7 in immunity and autoimmunity. We focus on the latest regulatory mechanisms of IRF7 in IFN-I, including signaling pathways, transcription, translation, and post-translational levels, the dimerization and nuclear translocation, and the role of IRF7 in IFN-III and COVID-19. In addition to antiviral immunity, we also discuss the role and mechanism of IRF7 in autoimmunity, and the further research will expand our understanding of IRF7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiangguo Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin X, Rang X, Hong X, Zhou Y, Xu C, Fu J. Immune cells transcriptome-based drug repositioning for multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020721. [PMID: 36341423 PMCID: PMC9630342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Finding target genes and target pathways of existing drugs for drug repositioning in multiple sclerosis (MS) based on transcriptomic changes in MS immune cells. Materials and Methods Based on transcriptome data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MS patients without treatment were identified by bioinformatics analysis according to the type of immune cells, as well as DEGs in MS patients before and after drug administration. Hub target genes of the drug for MS were analyzed by constructing the protein-protein interaction network, and candidate drugs targeting 2 or more hub target genes were obtained through the connectivity map (CMap) database and Drugbank database. Then, the enriched pathways of MS patients without treatment and the enriched pathways of MS patients before and after drug administration were intersected to obtain the target pathways of the drug for MS, and the candidate drugs targeting 2 or more target pathways were obtained through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Results We obtained 50 hub target genes for CD4+ T cells in Fingolimod for MS, 15 hub target genes for Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and 7 hub target genes for Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in interferon-β (IFN-β) for MS. 6 candidate drugs targeting two or more hub targets (Fostamatinib, Copper, Artenimol, Phenethyl isothiocyanate, Aspirin and Zinc) were obtained. In addition, we obtained 4 target pathways for CD19+ B cells and 15 target pathways for CD4+ T cells in Fingolimod for MS, 7 target pathways for pDCs and 6 target pathways for PBMC in IFN-β for MS, most of which belong to the immune system and viral infectious disease pathways. We obtained 69 candidate drugs targeting two target pathways. Conclusion We found that applying candidate drugs that target both the “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway” and “Chemokine signaling pathway” (e.g., Nemiralisib and Umbralisib) or applying tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., Fostamatinib) may be potential therapies for the treatment of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yin
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinming Rang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangxiang Hong
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinglian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaohan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Fu, ; Chaohan Xu,
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Fu, ; Chaohan Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sankaradoss A, Jagtap S, Nazir J, Moula SE, Modak A, Fialho J, Iyer M, Shastri JS, Dias M, Gadepalli R, Aggarwal A, Vedpathak M, Agrawal S, Pandit A, Nisheetha A, Kumar A, Bordoloi M, Shafi M, Shelar B, Balachandra SS, Damodar T, Masika MM, Mwaura P, Anzala O, Muthumani K, Sowdhamini R, Medigeshi GR, Roy R, Pattabiraman C, Krishna S, Sreekumar E. Immune profile and responses of a novel dengue DNA vaccine encoding an EDIII-NS1 consensus design based on Indo-African sequences. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2058-2077. [PMID: 34999210 PMCID: PMC8736276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need to tackle viral variants, expand the number of antigens, and assess diverse delivery systems for vaccines against emerging viruses. In the present study, a DNA vaccine candidate was generated by combining in tandem envelope protein domain III (EDIII) of dengue virus serotypes 1-4 and a dengue virus (DENV)-2 non-structural protein 1 (NS1) protein-coding region. Each domain was designed as a serotype-specific consensus coding sequence derived from different genotypes based on the whole genome sequencing of clinical isolates in India and complemented with data from Africa. This sequence was further optimized for protein expression. In silico structural analysis of the EDIII consensus sequence revealed that epitopes are structurally conserved and immunogenic. The vaccination of mice with this construct induced pan-serotype neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific T cell responses. Assaying intracellular interferon (IFN)-γ staining, immunoglobulin IgG2(a/c)/IgG1 ratios, and immune gene profiling suggests a strong Th1-dominant immune response. Finally, the passive transfer of immune sera protected AG129 mice challenged with a virulent, non-mouse-adapted DENV-2 strain. Our findings collectively suggest an alternative strategy for dengue vaccine design by offering a novel vaccine candidate with a possible broad-spectrum protection and a successful clinical translation either as a stand alone or in a mix and match strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sankaradoss
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India,Corresponding author: National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India.
| | - Suraj Jagtap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Junaid Nazir
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Shefta E. Moula
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Ayan Modak
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Joshuah Fialho
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Meenakshi Iyer
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Jayanthi S. Shastri
- Department of Microbiology, T.N.Medical College & B.y.L.Nair Hospital, Mumbai 400008, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Division of Infectious Disease, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Ravisekhar Gadepalli
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Alisha Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Manoj Vedpathak
- Department of Microbiology, T.N.Medical College & B.y.L.Nair Hospital, Mumbai 400008, India
| | - Sachee Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology, T.N.Medical College & B.y.L.Nair Hospital, Mumbai 400008, India
| | - Awadhesh Pandit
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Amul Nisheetha
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Mahasweta Bordoloi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Mohamed Shafi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Bhagyashree Shelar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Swathi S. Balachandra
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Tina Damodar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Moses Muia Masika
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Patrick Mwaura
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Omu Anzala
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Kar Muthumani
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ramanathan Sowdhamini
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | | | - Rahul Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Chitra Pattabiraman
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India,School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda 404401, India
| | - Easwaran Sreekumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India,Corresponding author: Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shetty A, Tripathi SK, Junttila S, Buchacher T, Biradar R, Bhosale S, Envall T, Laiho A, Moulder R, Rasool O, Galande S, Elo L, Lahesmaa R. A systematic comparison of FOSL1, FOSL2 and BATF-mediated transcriptional regulation during early human Th17 differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:4938-4958. [PMID: 35511484 PMCID: PMC9122603 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells are essential for protection against extracellular pathogens, but their aberrant activity can cause autoimmunity. Molecular mechanisms that dictate Th17 cell-differentiation have been extensively studied using mouse models. However, species-specific differences underscore the need to validate these findings in human. Here, we characterized the human-specific roles of three AP-1 transcription factors, FOSL1, FOSL2 and BATF, during early stages of Th17 differentiation. Our results demonstrate that FOSL1 and FOSL2 co-repress Th17 fate-specification, whereas BATF promotes the Th17 lineage. Strikingly, FOSL1 was found to play different roles in human and mouse. Genome-wide binding analysis indicated that FOSL1, FOSL2 and BATF share occupancy over regulatory regions of genes involved in Th17 lineage commitment. These AP-1 factors also share their protein interacting partners, which suggests mechanisms for their functional interplay. Our study further reveals that the genomic binding sites of FOSL1, FOSL2 and BATF harbour hundreds of autoimmune disease-linked SNPs. We show that many of these SNPs alter the ability of these transcription factors to bind DNA. Our findings thus provide critical insights into AP-1-mediated regulation of human Th17-fate and associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rahul Biradar
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Santosh D Bhosale
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Protein Research Group, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, DK 5230, Denmark
| | - Tapio Envall
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Robert Moulder
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi-NCR
| | - Laura L Elo
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Laura Elo. Tel: +358 29 450 2090;
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +358 29 450 2415;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Faas M, Ipseiz N, Ackermann J, Culemann S, Grüneboom A, Schröder F, Rothe T, Scholtysek C, Eberhardt M, Böttcher M, Kirchner P, Stoll C, Ekici A, Fuchs M, Kunz M, Weigmann B, Wirtz S, Lang R, Hofmann J, Vera J, Voehringer D, Michelucci A, Mougiakakos D, Uderhardt S, Schett G, Krönke G. IL-33-induced metabolic reprogramming controls the differentiation of alternatively activated macrophages and the resolution of inflammation. Immunity 2021; 54:2531-2546.e5. [PMID: 34644537 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) contribute to the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. However, molecular pathways that govern their differentiation have remained incompletely understood. Here, we show that uncoupling protein-2-mediated mitochondrial reprogramming and the transcription factor GATA3 specifically controlled the differentiation of pro-resolving AAMs in response to the alarmin IL-33. In macrophages, IL-33 sequentially triggered early expression of pro-inflammatory genes and subsequent differentiation into AAMs. Global analysis of underlying signaling events revealed that IL-33 induced a rapid metabolic rewiring of macrophages that involved uncoupling of the respiratory chain and increased production of the metabolite itaconate, which subsequently triggered a GATA3-mediated AAM polarization. Conditional deletion of GATA3 in mononuclear phagocytes accordingly abrogated IL-33-induced differentiation of AAMs and tissue repair upon muscle injury. Our data thus identify an IL-4-independent and GATA3-dependent pathway in mononuclear phagocytes that results from mitochondrial rewiring and controls macrophage plasticity and the resolution of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Faas
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jochen Ackermann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Stephan Culemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of Biopsectroscopy, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund 44139, Germany; Medical Faculty, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Fenja Schröder
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tobias Rothe
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Carina Scholtysek
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Martin Eberhardt
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 5, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Cornelia Stoll
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fuchs
- Department of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Department of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Joerg Hofmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Division of Infection Biology, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg 1526, Luxembourg
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 5, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen K, Lai C, Su Y, Bao WD, Yang LN, Xu PP, Zhu LQ. cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-I response in host defense and neuro-inflammatory diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:362-371. [PMID: 34561985 PMCID: PMC9413793 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210924110144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of foreign or misplaced nucleic acids is a danger signal that triggers innate immune responses through activating cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and binding to its downstream signaling effector stimulator of interferon genes (STING). Then the cGAS-STING pathway activation links nucleic acid sensing to immune responses and pathogenic entities clearance. However, overactivation of this signaling pathway leads to fatal immune disorders and contributes to the progression of many human inflammatory diseases. Therefore, optimal activation of this pathway is crucial for the elimination of invading pathogens and the maintenance of immune homeostasis. In this review, we will summarize its fundamental roles in initiating host defense against invading pathogens and discuss its pathogenic roles in multiple neuro-inflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuan Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yin Su
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Dai Bao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liu Nan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping-Ping Xu
- Endoscopy Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barrett JP, Knoblach SM, Bhattacharya S, Gordish-Dressman H, Stoica BA, Loane DJ. Traumatic Brain Injury Induces cGAS Activation and Type I Interferon Signaling in Aged Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:710608. [PMID: 34504493 PMCID: PMC8423402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.710608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging adversely affects inflammatory processes in the brain, which has important implications in the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), aged animals exhibit worsened neurological function and exacerbated microglial-associated neuroinflammation. Type I Interferons (IFN-I) contribute to the development of TBI neuropathology. Further, the Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) and Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway, a key inducer of IFN-I responses, has been implicated in neuroinflammatory activity in several age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we set out to investigate the effects of TBI on cGAS/STING activation, IFN-I signaling and neuroinflammation in young and aged C57Bl/6 male mice. Using a controlled cortical impact model, we evaluated transcriptomic changes in the injured cortex at 24 hours post-injury, and confirmed activation of key neuroinflammatory pathways in biochemical studies. TBI induced changes were highly enriched for transcripts that were involved in inflammatory responses to stress and host defense. Deeper analysis revealed that TBI increased expression of IFN-I related genes (e.g. Ifnb1, Irf7, Ifi204, Isg15) and IFN-I signaling in the injured cortex of aged compared to young mice. There was also a significant age-related increase in the activation of the DNA-recognition pathway, cGAS, which is a key mechanism to propagate IFN-I responses. Finally, enhanced IFN-I signaling in the aged TBI brain was confirmed by increased phosphorylation of STAT1, an important IFN-I effector molecule. This age-related activation of cGAS and IFN-I signaling may prove to be a mechanistic link between microglial-associated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the aged TBI brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P Barrett
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan M Knoblach
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Surajit Bhattacharya
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Translational Science, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Bogdan A Stoica
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Veterans Affairs (VA) Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kwankaew N, Okuda H, Aye-Mon A, Ishikawa T, Hori K, Sonthi P, Kozakai Y, Ozaki N. Antihypersensitivity effect of betanin (red beetroot extract) via modulation of microglial activation in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain 2021; 25:1788-1803. [PMID: 33961320 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NeP) medications have several side effects that affect NeP patients' quality of life. Betanin, the most common betacyanin pigment, has been shown to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vivo; thus, it has potential as a healthcare treatment. In this study, we focused on betanin (red beetroot extract) as a potential therapy for NeP. METHODS Mice model of NeP were made by chronic constriction injury (CCI), and the development of mechanical hypersensitivity was confirmed using the von Frey test. Motor coordination and locomotor activity were assessed using open field tests and rotarod tests, respectively. The expression level of glial markers in the spinal cords was analyzed by immunostaining. The direct effects of betanin on microglial cells were investigated using primary cultured microglial cells. RESULTS In CCI model mice, repeated betanin treatment, both intraperitoneally and orally, attenuated developing mechanical hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner without impairing motor coordination. Betanin treatment also attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity that had developed and prevented the onset of mechanical hypersensitivity in CCI mice. Microglial activation in the spinal cord is known to play a key role in the development of NeP; betanin treatment reduced CCI-induced microglial activation in the spinal cord of model mice. Moreover, in primary microglia cultured cells, the activation of microglia by lipopolysaccharide application was suppressed by betanin treatment. CONCLUSION Betanin treatment appears to ameliorate mechanical hypersensitivity related to CCI-induced NeP in mice by inhibiting microglial activation. SIGNIFICANCE This article supports findings of the effect of betanin on NeP and provides a potential therapeutic candidate for NeP. Furthermore, elucidating the underlying mechanism of the effect of betanin on microglial activation could assist the development of new treatments for chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nichakarn Kwankaew
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okuda
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Aye Aye-Mon
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine (1), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hori
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Phattarapon Sonthi
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yu Kozakai
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fox LE, Locke MC, Lenschow DJ. Context Is Key: Delineating the Unique Functions of IFNα and IFNβ in Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606874. [PMID: 33408718 PMCID: PMC7779635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical effector cytokines of the immune system and were originally known for their important role in protecting against viral infections; however, they have more recently been shown to play protective or detrimental roles in many disease states. Type I IFNs consist of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNϵ, IFNκ, IFNω, and a few others, and they all signal through a shared receptor to exert a wide range of biological activities, including antiviral, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects. Though the individual type I IFN subtypes possess overlapping functions, there is growing appreciation that they also have unique properties. In this review, we summarize some of the mechanisms underlying differential expression of and signaling by type I IFNs, and we discuss examples of differential functions of IFNα and IFNβ in models of infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E Fox
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marissa C Locke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Deborah J Lenschow
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Z, Zheng G, Li G, Wang M, Ma Z, Li H, Wang XY, Yi H. Methylprednisolone alleviates multiple sclerosis by expanding myeloid-derived suppressor cells via glucocorticoid receptor β and S100A8/9 up-regulation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13703-13714. [PMID: 33094923 PMCID: PMC7753844 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylprednisolone is an effective drug in the treatment of autoimmune disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), due to long‐acting anti‐inflammatory, antiallergic and immunosuppressant. Previous studies have noted the importance of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in MS progression. However, it is still not known whether methylprednisolone could influence the ratio and function of MDSC during MS treatment. In the current study, we found an increased ratio of MDSC at the onset of EAE in mice model; but methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPPT) did not alter the percentage and suppressive function of MDSC during disease attenuation. However, the percentage of G‐MDSC in PBMC significantly increased in patients with MS. Surprisingly, relapsing MS patients showed a significant increase in both M‐MDSC and G‐MDSC after MPPT. The disease remission positively correlated expansion of MDSC and expression of arginase‐1. Additionally, MPPT reduced the expression of inhibitory glucocorticoid (GCs) receptor β subunit on MDSC while elevating serum levels of immune regulatory S100A8/A9 heterodimer. Thus, MDSC dynamics and function in mouse EAE differ from those in human MS during MPPT. Our study suggested that GCs treatment may help relieve the acute phase of MS by expanding MDSC through up‐regulating of GR signalling and S100A8/A9 heterodimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkun Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China.,Vasculocardiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Zheng
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangjian Li
- Neurology Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengkun Wang
- Pediatric Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhanchuan Ma
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China.,Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Domowicz MS, Chan WC, Claudio-Vázquez P, Henry JG, Ware CB, Andrade J, Dawson G, Schwartz NB. Global Brain Transcriptome Analysis of a Tpp1 Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses Mouse Model. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419843393. [PMID: 31003587 PMCID: PMC6475859 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419843393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, homozygous mutations in the TPP1 gene results in loss
of tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) enzymatic activity, leading to late infantile
neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses disease. Using a mouse model that targets the
Tpp1 gene and recapitulates the pathology and clinical
features of the human disease, we analyzed end-stage (4 months) transcriptional
changes associated with lack of TPP1 activity. Using RNA sequencing technology,
Tpp1 expression changes in the forebrain/midbrain and
cerebellum of 4-month-old homozygotes were compared with strain-related
controls. Transcriptional changes were found in 510 and 1,550 gene transcripts
in forebrain/midbrain and cerebellum, respectively, from
Tpp1-deficient brain tissues when compared with age-matched
controls. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes using the Ingenuity™
pathway software, revealed increased neuroinflammation activity in microglia and
astrocytes that could lead to neuronal dysfunction, particularly in the
cerebellum. We also observed upregulation in the production of nitric oxide and
reactive oxygen species; activation of leukocyte extravasation signals and
complement pathways; and downregulation of major transcription factors involved
in control of circadian rhythm. Several of these expression changes were
confirmed by independent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histological
analysis by mRNA in situ hybridization, which allowed for an
in-depth anatomical analysis of the pathology and provided independent
confirmation of at least two of the major networks affected in this model. The
identification of differentially expressed genes has revealed new lines of
investigation for this complex disorder that may lead to novel therapeutic
targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Domowicz
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wen-Ching Chan
- 2 Center for Research Informatics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Judith G Henry
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher B Ware
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jorge Andrade
- 2 Center for Research Informatics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Glyn Dawson
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy B Schwartz
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA.,3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McDonough A, Weinstein JR. Correction to: Neuroimmune Response in Ischemic Preconditioning. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:511-524. [PMID: 29110213 PMCID: PMC5935631 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a robust neuroprotective phenomenon in which a brief period of cerebral ischemia confers transient tolerance to subsequent ischemic challenge. Research on IPC has implicated cellular, molecular, and systemic elements of the immune response in this phenomenon. Potent molecular mediators of IPC include innate immune signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptors and type 1 interferons. Brain ischemia results in release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that orchestrate the neuroinflammatory response, resolution of inflammation, and transition to neurological recovery and regeneration. Cellular mediators of IPC include microglia, the resident central nervous system immune cells, astrocytes, and neurons. All of these cell types engage in cross-talk with each other using a multitude of signaling pathways that modulate activation/suppression of each of the other cell types in response to ischemia. As the postischemic neuroimmune response evolves over time there is a shift in function toward provision of trophic support and neuroprotection. Peripheral immune cells infiltrate the central nervous system en masse after stroke and are largely detrimental, with a few subtypes having beneficial, protective effects, though the role of these immune cells in IPC is largely unknown. The role of neural progenitor cells in IPC-mediated neuroprotection is another active area of investigation as is the role of microglial proliferation in this setting. A mechanistic understanding of these molecular and cellular mediators of IPC may not only facilitate more effective direct application of IPC to specific clinical scenarios, but also, more broadly, reveal novel targets for therapeutic intervention in stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley McDonough
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Proteomics of Human Dendritic Cell Subsets Reveals Subset-Specific Surface Markers and Differential Inflammasome Function. Cell Rep 2017; 16:2953-2966. [PMID: 27626665 PMCID: PMC5039226 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in orchestrating adaptive immune responses. In human blood, three distinct subsets exist: plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and BDCA3+ and CD1c+ myeloid DCs. In addition, a DC-like CD16+ monocyte has been reported. Although RNA-expression profiles have been previously compared, protein expression data may provide a different picture. Here, we exploited label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to compare and identify differences in primary human DC subset proteins. Moreover, we integrated these proteomic data with existing mRNA data to derive robust cell-specific expression signatures with more than 400 differentially expressed proteins between subsets, forming a solid basis for investigation of subset-specific functions. We illustrated this by extracting subset identification markers and by demonstrating that pDCs lack caspase-1 and only express low levels of other inflammasome-related proteins. In accordance, pDCs were incapable of interleukin (IL)-1β secretion in response to ATP. We present a comprehensive quantitative proteome comparison of primary human DC subsets Proteome comparison reveals many expression differences between DC subsets We provide a resource to derive markers and examine subset functional specialization pDCs lack caspase-1 and have a decreased inflammasome response
Collapse
|
16
|
Das A, Arifuzzaman S, Yoon T, Kim SH, Chai JC, Lee YS, Jung KH, Chai YG. RNA sequencing reveals resistance of TLR4 ligand-activated microglial cells to inflammation mediated by the selective jumonji H3K27 demethylase inhibitor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6554. [PMID: 28747667 PMCID: PMC5529413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent microglial activation is associated with the production and secretion of various pro-inflammatory genes, cytokines and chemokines, which may initiate or amplify neurodegenerative diseases. A novel synthetic histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase JMJD3 inhibitor, GSK-J4, was proven to exert immunosuppressive activities in macrophages. However, a genome-wide search for GSK-J4 molecular targets has not been undertaken in microglia. To study the immuno-modulatory effects of GSK-J4 at the transcriptomic level, triplicate RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analyses were performed with resting, GSK-J4-, LPS- and LPS + GSK-J4-challenged primary microglial (PM) and BV-2 microglial cells. Among the annotated genes, the transcriptional sequencing of microglia that were treated with GSK-J4 revealed a selective effect on LPS-induced gene expression, in which the induction of cytokines/chemokines, interferon-stimulated genes, and prominent transcription factors TFs, as well as previously unidentified genes that are important in inflammation was suppressed. Furthermore, we showed that GSK-J4 controls are important inflammatory gene targets by modulating STAT1, IRF7, and H3K27me3 levels at their promoter sites. These unprecedented results demonstrate that the histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 could have therapeutic applications for neuroinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Das
- Institute of Natural Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarder Arifuzzaman
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Yoon
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Choul Chai
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seek Lee
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Institute of Natural Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04673, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Type-I interferon pathway in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration: focus on Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:797-807. [PMID: 28676934 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Past research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has largely been driven by the amyloid hypothesis; the accompanying neuroinflammation seen in AD has been assumed to be consequential and not disease modifying or causative. However, recent data from both clinical and preclinical studies have established that the immune-driven neuroinflammation contributes to AD pathology. Key evidence for the involvement of neuroinflammation in AD includes enhanced microglial and astroglial activation in the brains of AD patients, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine burden in AD brains, and epidemiological evidence that chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use prior to disease onset leads to a lower incidence of AD. Identifying critical mediators controlling this neuroinflammation will prove beneficial in developing anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment of AD. The type-I interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines that control pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and are master regulators of the innate immune response that impact on disorders of the central nervous system. This review provides evidence that the type-I IFNs play a critical role in the exacerbation of neuroinflammation and actively contribute to the progression of AD.
Collapse
|
18
|
Matta B, Song S, Li D, Barnes BJ. Interferon regulatory factor signaling in autoimmune disease. Cytokine 2017; 98:15-26. [PMID: 28283223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play critical roles in pathogen-induced innate immune responses and the subsequent induction of adaptive immune response. Dysregulation of IRF signaling is therefore thought to contribute to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Indeed, numerous murine in vivo studies have documented protection from or enhanced susceptibility to particular autoimmune diseases in Irf-deficient mice. What has been lacking, however, is replication of these in vivo observations in primary immune cells from patients with autoimmune disease. These types of studies are essential as the majority of in vivo data support a protective role for IRFs in Irf-deficient mice, yet IRFs are often found to be overexpressed in patient immune cells. A significant body of work is beginning to emerge from both of these areas of study - mouse and human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Matta
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Su Song
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Dan Li
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Betsy J Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a robust neuroprotective phenomenon in which a brief period of cerebral ischemia confers transient tolerance to subsequent ischemic challenge. Research on IPC has implicated cellular, molecular, and systemic elements of the immune response in this phenomenon. Potent molecular mediators of IPC include innate immune signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptors and type 1 interferons. Brain ischemia results in release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that orchestrate the neuroinflammtory response, resolution of inflammation, and transition to neurological recovery and regeneration. Cellular mediators of IPC include microglia, the resident central nervous system immune cells, astrocytes, and neurons. All of these cell types engage in cross-talk with each other using a multitude of signaling pathways that modulate activation/suppression of each of the other cell types in response to ischemia. As the postischemic neuroimmune response evolves over time there is a shift in function toward provision of trophic support and neuroprotection. Peripheral immune cells infiltrate the central nervous system en masse after stroke and are largely detrimental, with a few subtypes having beneficial, protective effects, though the role of these immune cells in IPC is largely unknown. The role of neural progenitor cells in IPC-mediated neuroprotection is another active area of investigation as is the role of microglial proliferation in this setting. A mechanistic understanding of these molecular and cellular mediators of IPC may not only facilitate more effective direct application of IPC to specific clinical scenarios, but also, more broadly, reveal novel targets for therapeutic intervention in stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley McDonough
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Creanza TM, Liguori M, Liuni S, Nuzziello N, Ancona N. Meta-Analysis of Differential Connectivity in Gene Co-Expression Networks in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E936. [PMID: 27314336 PMCID: PMC4926469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential gene expression analyses to investigate multiple sclerosis (MS) molecular pathogenesis cannot detect genes harboring genetic and/or epigenetic modifications that change the gene functions without affecting their expression. Differential co-expression network approaches may capture changes in functional interactions resulting from these alterations. We re-analyzed 595 mRNA arrays from publicly available datasets by studying changes in gene co-expression networks in MS and in response to interferon (IFN)-β treatment. Interestingly, MS networks show a reduced connectivity relative to the healthy condition, and the treatment activates the transcription of genes and increases their connectivity in MS patients. Importantly, the analysis of changes in gene connectivity in MS patients provides new evidence of association for genes already implicated in MS by single-nucleotide polymorphism studies and that do not show differential expression. This is the case of amiloride-sensitive cation channel 1 neuronal (ACCN1) that shows a reduced number of interacting partners in MS networks, and it is known for its role in synaptic transmission and central nervous system (CNS) development. Furthermore, our study confirms a deregulation of the vitamin D system: among the transcription factors that potentially regulate the deregulated genes, we find TCF3 and SP1 that are both involved in vitamin D3-induced p27Kip1 expression. Unveiling differential network properties allows us to gain systems-level insights into disease mechanisms and may suggest putative targets for the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Maria Creanza
- Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation, National Research Council of Italy, 70126 Bari, Italy.
- Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy.
| | - Maria Liguori
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Sabino Liuni
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Nuzziello
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, 70126 Bari, Italy.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nicola Ancona
- Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation, National Research Council of Italy, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (OASL1) deficiency suppresses central nervous system damage in a murine MOG-induced multiple sclerosis model. Neurosci Lett 2016; 628:78-84. [PMID: 27297771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Type I Interferon (IFN-I) is critical for antiviral and antitumor defense. Additionally, IFN-I has been used for treating multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, we reported that 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (OASL1) negatively regulates IFN-I production upon viral infection and tumor challenge. Therefore, OASL1 deficient (Oasl1(-)(/)(-)) mice are resistant to viral infections and tumor challenge. In this study, we examined whether OASL1 plays a negative role in the development of autoimmune MS by using Oasl1(-)(/)(-) mice and a murine MS model, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Oasl1(-)(/)(-) mice showed enhanced resistance to EAE development compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Additionally, EAE-induced Oasl1(-)(/)(-) mice showed fewer infiltrated immune cells such as T cells and macrophages in the CNS and less CNS inflammation, compared to WT mice. Collectively, these results indicate that OASL1 deficiency suppresses the development of MS-like autoimmunity and suggest that negative regulators of IFN-I could be good therapeutic targets for treating MS in humans.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin HC, Huang CL, Huang YJ, Hsiao IL, Yang CW, Chuang CY. Transcriptomic gene-network analysis of exposure to silver nanoparticle reveals potentially neurodegenerative progression in mouse brain neural cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:289-299. [PMID: 27131904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly used in daily living products. AgNPs can induce inflammatory response in neuronal cells, and potentially develop neurological disorders. The gene networks in response to AgNPs-induced neurodegenerative progression have not been clarified in various brain neural cells. This study found that 3-5nm AgNPs were detectable to enter the nuclei of mouse neuronal cells after 24-h of exposure. The differentially expressed genes in mouse brain neural cells exposure to AgNPs were further identified using Phalanx Mouse OneArray® chip, and permitted to explore the gene network pathway regulating in neurodegenerative progression according to Cytoscape analysis. In focal adhesion pathway of ALT astrocytes, AgNPs induced the gene expression of RasGRF1 and reduced its downstream BCL2 gene for apoptosis. In cytosolic DNA sensing pathway of microglial BV2 cells, AgNPs reduced the gene expression of TREX1 and decreased IRF7 to release pro-inflammatory cytokines for inflammation and cellular activation. In MAPK pathway of neuronal N2a cells, AgNPs elevated GADD45α gene expression, and attenuated its downstream PTPRR gene to interfere with neuron growth and differentiation. Moreover, AgNPs induced beta amyloid deposition in N2a cells, and decreased PSEN1 and PSEN2, which may disrupt calcium homeostasis and presynaptic dysfunction for Alzheimer's disease development. These findings suggested that AgNPs exposure reveals the potency to induce the progression of neurodegenerative disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jeen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Hsiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jha MK, Lee WH, Suk K. Functional polarization of neuroglia: Implications in neuroinflammation and neurological disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 103:1-16. [PMID: 26556658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent neuroscience research has established the adult brain as a dynamic organ having a unique ability to undergo changes with time. Neuroglia, especially microglia and astrocytes, provide dynamicity to the brain. Activation of these glial cells is a major component of the neuroinflammatory responses underlying brain injury and neurodegeneration. Glial cells execute functional reaction programs in response to diverse microenvironmental signals manifested by neuropathological conditions. Activated microglia exist along a continuum of two functional states of polarization namely M1-type (classical/proinflammatory activation) and M2-type (alternative/anti-inflammatory activation) as in macrophages. The balance between classically and alternatively activated microglial phenotypes influences disease progression in the CNS. The classically activated state of microglia drives the neuroinflammatory response and mediates the detrimental effects on neurons, whereas in their alternative activation state, which is apparently a beneficial activation state, the microglia play a crucial role in tissue maintenance and repair. Likewise, in response to immune or inflammatory microenvironments astrocytes also adopt neurotoxic or neuroprotective phenotypes. Reactive astrocytes exhibit two distinctive functional phenotypes defined by pro- or anti-inflammatory gene expression profile. In this review, we have thoroughly covered recent advances in the understanding of the functional polarization of brain and peripheral glia and its implications in neuroinflammation and neurological disorders. The identifiable phenotypes adopted by neuroglia in response to specific insult or injury can be exploited as promising diagnostic markers of neuroinflammatory diseases. Furthermore, harnessing the beneficial effects of the polarized glia could undoubtedly pave the way for the formulation of novel glia-based therapeutic strategies for diverse neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Khorooshi R, Mørch MT, Holm TH, Berg CT, Dieu RT, Dræby D, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Weiss S, Lienenklaus S, Owens T. Induction of endogenous Type I interferon within the central nervous system plays a protective role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 130:107-18. [PMID: 25869642 PMCID: PMC4469095 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Type I interferons (IFN), beta (IFN-β) and the alpha family (IFN-α), act through a common receptor and have anti-inflammatory effects. IFN-β is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) and is effective against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. Mice with EAE show elevated levels of Type I IFNs in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting a role for endogenous Type I IFN during inflammation. However, the therapeutic benefit of Type I IFN produced in the CNS remains to be established. The aim of this study was to examine whether experimentally induced CNS-endogenous Type I IFN influences EAE. Using IFN-β reporter mice, we showed that direct administration of polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a potent inducer of IFN-β, into the cerebrospinal fluid induced increased leukocyte numbers and transient upregulation of IFN-β in CD45/CD11b-positive cells located in the meninges and choroid plexus, as well as enhanced IFN-β expression by parenchymal microglial cells. Intrathecal injection of poly I:C to mice showing first symptoms of EAE substantially increased the normal disease-associated expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, interferon regulatory factor-7 and IL-10 in CNS, and disease worsening was prevented for as long as IFN-α/β was expressed. In contrast, there was no therapeutic effect on EAE in poly I:C-treated IFN receptor-deficient mice. IFN-dependent microglial and astrocyte response included production of the chemokine CXCL10. These results show that Type I IFN induced within the CNS can play a protective role in EAE and highlight the role of endogenous type I IFN in mediating neuroprotection.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/immunology
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/pathology
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Interferon-alpha/genetics
- Interferon-alpha/metabolism
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interferon-beta/metabolism
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Leukocytes/physiology
- Meninges/drug effects
- Meninges/immunology
- Meninges/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/pathology
- Microglia/physiology
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Poly I-C/pharmacology
- Random Allocation
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khorooshi
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Marlene Thorsen Mørch
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hellesøe Holm
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- />Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten Tue Berg
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ruthe Truong Dieu
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dina Dræby
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Siegfried Weiss
- />Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- />Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Trevor Owens
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yen JH, Kong W, Hooper KM, Emig F, Rahbari KM, Kuo PC, Scofield BA, Ganea D. Differential effects of IFN-β on IL-12, IL-23, and IL-10 expression in TLR-stimulated dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:689-702. [PMID: 26059829 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0914-453r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MS is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune cell infiltration in the CNS, leading to cumulative disability. IFN-β, used clinically in RR-MS reduces lesion formation and rates of relapse. Although the molecular mechanisms are not entirely elucidated, myeloid cells appear to be a major target for the therapeutic effects of IFN-β. DCs have a critical role in experimental models of MS through their effect on encephalitogenic Th1/Th17 cell differentiation and expansion. Here we focused on the effects of IFN-β on DC expression of cytokines involved in the control of Th1/Th17 differentiation and expansion. Administration of IFN-β to mice immunized with MOG35-55 inhibited IL-12 and IL-23 expression in splenic DC and reduced in vivo differentiation of Th1/Th17 cells. IFN-β affected cytokine expression in TLR-stimulated DC in a similar manner in vitro, inhibiting IL-12 and IL-23 and stimulating IL-10 at both mRNA and protein levels, by signaling through IFNAR. We investigated the role of the signaling molecules STAT1/STAT2, IRF-1 and IRF-7, and of the PI3K→GSK3 pathway. IFN-β inhibition of the IL-12 subunits p40 and p35 was mediated through STAT1/STAT2, whereas inhibition of IL-23 was STAT1 dependent, and the stimulatory effect on IL-10 expression was mediated through STAT2. IFN-β induces IRF-7 and, to a lesser degree, IRF-1. However, neither IRF mediated the effects of IFN-β on IL-12, IL-23, or IL-10. We found that the PI3K pathway mediated IL-12 inhibition but did not interfere with the inhibition of IL-23 or stimulation of IL-10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hung Yen
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weimin Kong
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirsten M Hooper
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frances Emig
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kate M Rahbari
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ping-Chang Kuo
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barbara A Scofield
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Doina Ganea
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Legroux L, Pittet CL, Beauseigle D, Deblois G, Prat A, Arbour N. An optimized method to process mouse CNS to simultaneously analyze neural cells and leukocytes by flow cytometry. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 247:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
27
|
Jung KH, Das A, Chai JC, Kim SH, Morya N, Park KS, Lee YS, Chai YG. RNA sequencing reveals distinct mechanisms underlying BET inhibitor JQ1-mediated modulation of the LPS-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:36. [PMID: 25890327 PMCID: PMC4359438 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglial cells become rapidly activated through interaction with pathogens, and their persistent activation is associated with the production and secretion of various pro-inflammatory genes, cytokines, and chemokines, which may initiate or amplify neurodegenerative diseases. Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are a group of epigenetic regulators that associate with acetylated histones and facilitate the transcription of target genes. A novel synthetic BET inhibitor, JQ1, was proven to exert immunosuppressive activities by inhibiting the expression of IL-6 and Tnf-α in macrophages. However, a genome-wide search for JQ1 molecular targets is largely unexplored in microglia. METHODS The present study was aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory function and underlying genes targeted by JQ1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells using two transcriptomic techniques: global transcriptomic biological duplicate RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR. Associated biological pathways and functional gene ontology were also evaluated. RESULTS With a cutoff value of P ≤ 0.01 and fold change ≥1.5 log2, the expression level of 214 and 301 genes, including pro-inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and transcription factors, was found to be upregulated in BV-2 cells stimulated with LPS for 2 and 4 h, respectively. Among these annotated genes, we found that JQ1 selectively reduced the expression of 78 and 118 genes (P ≤ 0.01, and fold change ≥ 1.5, respectively). Importantly, these inflammatory genes were not affected by JQ1 treatment alone. Furthermore, we confirmed that JQ1 reduced the expression of key inflammation- and immunity-related genes as well as cytokines/chemokines in the supernatants of LPS-treated primary microglial cells isolated from 3-day-old ICR mice. Utilizing functional group analysis, the genes affected by JQ1 were classified into four categories related to biological regulation, immune system processes, and response to stimuli. Moreover, the biological pathways and functional genomics obtained in this study may facilitate the suppression of different key inflammatory genes through JQ1-treated BV-2 microglial cells. CONCLUSIONS These unprecedented results suggest the BET inhibitor JQ1 as a candidate for the prevention or therapeutic treatment of inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, South Korea.
| | - Amitabh Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea.
| | - Jin Choul Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, South Korea.
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, South Korea.
| | - Nishi Morya
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, South Korea.
| | - Kyoung Sun Park
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, South Korea.
| | - Young Seek Lee
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, South Korea.
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 426-791, South Korea. .,Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huber AK, Duncker PC, Irani DN. The conundrum of interferon-β non-responsiveness in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Cytokine 2015; 74:228-36. [PMID: 25691330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of controlled clinical trials have shown that exogenous interferon-beta (IFN-β) benefits patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) by reducing relapse rate, disability progression, and the formation of new brain and spinal cord lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Unfortunately, however, the effectiveness of IFN-β is limited in this setting by the occurrence of treatment non-responsiveness in nearly 25% of patients. Furthermore, clinicians who care for RRMS patients remain unable to accurately identify IFN-β non-responders prior to the initiation of therapy, causing delays in the use of alternative treatments and sometimes requiring that patients turn to medications with more significant side effects to control their disease. Progress has been made toward understanding how both endogenous and exogenous IFN-β act to slow RRMS as well as the related mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Most studies point to its inhibitory actions on circulating immune cells as being important for suppressing both disorders, but multiple potential target cells and inflammatory pathways have been implicated and those essential to confer its benefits remain undefined. This review focuses on the role of both endogenous and exogenous IFN-β in RRMS, paying particular attention to the issue of why certain individuals appear refractory to its disease-modifying effects. A continued goal in this field remains the identification of a convenient biomarker that accurately predicts IFN-β treatment non-responsiveness in individual RRMS patients. Development of such an assay will allow clinicians to customize therapy for patients with this complex disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Huber
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patrick C Duncker
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David N Irani
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tanaka T, Murakami K, Bando Y, Yoshida S. Interferon regulatory factor 7 participates in the M1-like microglial polarization switch. Glia 2014; 63:595-610. [PMID: 25422089 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are generally considered the immune cells of the central nervous system. Recent studies have demonstrated that under specific polarization conditions, microglia develop into two different phenotypes, termed M1-like and M2-like microglia. However, the phenotypic characteristics of M1-like- and M2-like-polarized microglia and the mechanisms that regulate polarization are largely unknown. In this study, we characterized lipopolysaccharide-treated M1-like and IL-4-treated M2-like microglia and investigated the mechanisms that regulate phenotypic switching. The addition of M2-like microglial conditioned medium (CM) to primary neurons resulted in an increase in neurite length when compared with neurons treated with M1-like microglial CM, possibly because of the enhanced secretion of neurotrophic factors by M2-like microglia. M1-like microglia were morphologically characterized by larger soma, whereas M2-like microglia were characterized by long processes. M2-like microglia exhibited greater phagocytic capacity than M1-like microglia. These features switched in response to polarization cues. We found that expression of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) increased during the M2-like to M1-like switch in microglia in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of IRF7 using siRNA suppressed the expression of M1 marker mRNA and reduced phosphorylation of STAT1. Our findings suggest that IRF7 signaling may play an important role in microglial polarization switching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhide Tanaka
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Edwards CL, Best SE, Gun SY, Claser C, James KR, de Oca MM, Sebina I, Rivera FDL, Amante FH, Hertzog PJ, Engwerda CR, Renia L, Haque A. Spatiotemporal requirements for IRF7 in mediating type I IFN-dependent susceptibility to blood-stage Plasmodium infection. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:130-41. [PMID: 25319247 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFN signaling suppresses splenic T helper 1 (Th1) responses during blood-stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in mice, and is crucial for mediating tissue accumulation of parasites and fatal cerebral symptoms via mechanisms that remain to be fully characterized. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is considered to be a master regulator of type I IFN responses. Here, we assessed IRF7 for its roles during lethal PbA infection and nonlethal Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS (PcAS) infection as two distinct models of blood-stage malaria. We found that IRF7 was not essential for tissue accumulation of parasites, cerebral symptoms, or brain pathology. Using timed administration of anti-IFNAR1 mAb, we show that late IFNAR1 signaling promotes fatal disease via IRF7-independent mechanisms. Despite this, IRF7 significantly impaired early splenic Th1 responses and limited control of parasitemia during PbA infection. Finally, IRF7 also suppressed antiparasitic immunity and Th1 responses during nonlethal PcAS infection. Together, our data support a model in which IRF7 suppresses antiparasitic immunity in the spleen, while IFNAR1-mediated, but IRF7-independent, signaling contributes to pathology in the brain during experimental blood-stage malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Edwards
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ashhurst TM, van Vreden C, Niewold P, King NJC. The plasticity of inflammatory monocyte responses to the inflamed central nervous system. Cell Immunol 2014; 291:49-57. [PMID: 25086710 PMCID: PMC7094263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last three decades it has become increasingly clear that monocytes, originally thought to have fixed, stereotypic responses to foreign stimuli, mediate exquisitely balanced protective and pathogenic roles in disease and immunity. This balance is crucial in core functional organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS), where minor changes in neuronal microenvironments and the production of immune factors can result in significant disease with fatal consequences or permanent neurological sequelae. Viral encephalitis and multiple sclerosis are examples of important human diseases in which the pathogenic contribution of monocytes recruited from the bone marrow plays a critical role in the clinical expression of disease, as they differentiate into macrophage or dendritic cells in the CNS to carry out effector functions. While antigen-specific lymphocyte populations are central to the adaptive immune response in both cases, in viral encephalitis a prominent macrophage infiltration may mediate immunopathological damage, seizure induction, and death. However, the autoimmune response to non-replicating, non-infectious, but abundant, self antigen has a different disease progression, associated with differentiation of significant numbers of infiltrating monocytes into dendritic cells in the CNS. Whilst a predominant presence of macrophages or dendritic cells in the inflamed CNS in viral encephalitis or multiple sclerosis is well described, the way in which the inflamed CNS mobilizes monocytes in the bone marrow to migrate to the CNS and the key drivers that lead to these specific differentiation pathways in vivo are not well understood. Here we review the current understanding of factors facilitating inflammatory monocyte generation, migration and entry into the brain, as well as their differentiation towards macrophages or dendritic cells in viral and autoimmune disease in relation to their respective disease outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Myles Ashhurst
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Caryn van Vreden
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paula Niewold
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jonathan Cole King
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute and The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tao Y, Zhang X, Chopra M, Kim MJ, Buch KR, Kong D, Jin J, Tang Y, Zhu H, Jewells V, Markovic-Plese S. The role of endogenous IFN-β in the regulation of Th17 responses in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5610-7. [PMID: 24850724 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
IFN-β has been used as a first-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Because only a few studies have addressed the role of endogenous IFN-β in the pathogenesis of the disease, our objective was to characterize its role in the transcriptional regulation of pathogenic Th17 cytokines in patients with RRMS. In vitro studies have demonstrated that IFN-β inhibits IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and IFN-γ secretion in CD4(+) lymphocytes through the induction of suppressor of cytokine secretion 1 and suppressor of cytokine secretion 3. We found that patients with RRMS have increased serum and cerebrospinal fluid Th17 (IL-17A and IL-17F) cytokine levels in comparison with the control subjects, suggesting that deficient endogenous IFN-β secretion or signaling can contribute to the dysregulation of those pathogenic cytokines in CD4(+) cells. We identified that the endogenous IFN-β from serum of RRMS patients induced a significantly lower IFN-inducible gene expression in comparison with healthy controls. In addition, in vitro studies have revealed deficient endogenous and exogenous IFN-β signaling in the CD4(+) cells derived from patients with MS. Interestingly, upon inhibition of the endogenous IFN-β signaling by silencing IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7 gene expression, the resting CD4(+) T cells secreted significantly higher level of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-9, suggesting that endogenous IFN-β suppresses the secretion of these pathogenic cytokines. In vivo recombinant IFN-β-1a treatment induced IFNAR1 and its downstream signaling molecules' gene expression, suggesting that treatment reconstitutes a deficient endogenous IFN-β regulation of the CD4(+) T cells' pathogenic cytokine production in patients with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Tao
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Manisha Chopra
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ming-Jeong Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kinnari R Buch
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Dehan Kong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jianping Jin
- Center for Bioinformatics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yunan Tang
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
| | - Valerie Jewells
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Silva Markovic-Plese
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Owens T, Khorooshi R, Wlodarczyk A, Asgari N. Interferons in the central nervous system: A few instruments play many tunes. Glia 2013; 62:339-55. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Owens
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Reza Khorooshi
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Wlodarczyk
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Nasrin Asgari
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- Department of Neurology; Vejle Hospital; Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Loss of interleukin receptor-associated kinase 4 signaling suppresses amyloid pathology and alters microglial phenotype in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2013; 32:15112-23. [PMID: 23100432 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1729-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is typified by the deposition of amyloid in the brain, which elicits a robust microglial-mediated inflammatory response that is associated with disease exacerbation and accelerated progression. Microglia are the principal immune effector cells in the brain and interact with fibrillar forms of Aβ (fAβ) through a receptor complex that includes Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2/4/6 and their coreceptors. Interleukin receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs) are essential intracellular signaling molecules for transduction of TLR signals. Studies of mouse models of AD in which the individual TLRs are knocked out have produced conflicting results on roles of TLR signaling in amyloid homeostasis. Therefore, we disrupted a common downstream TLR signaling element, IRAK4. We report that microglial IRAK4 is necessary in vitro for fAβ to activate the canonical pro-inflammatory signaling pathways leading to activation of p38, JNK, and ERK MAP kinases and to generate reactive oxygen species. In vivo the loss of IRAK4 function results in decreased Aβ levels in a murine model of AD. This was associated with diminished microgliosis and astrogliosis in aged mice. Analysis of microglia isolated from the adult mouse brain revealed an altered pattern of gene expression associated with changes in microglial phenotype that were associated with expression of IRF transcription factors that govern microglial phenotype. Further, loss of IRAK4 function also promoted amyloid clearance mechanisms, including elevated expression of insulin-degrading enzyme. Finally, blocking IRAK function restored olfactory behavior. These data demonstrate that IRAK4 activation acts normally to regulate microglial activation status and influence amyloid homeostasis in the brain.
Collapse
|
35
|
Colton CA. Immune heterogeneity in neuroinflammation: dendritic cells in the brain. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2012; 8:145-62. [PMID: 23114889 PMCID: PMC4279719 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-012-9414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are critical to an integrated immune response and serve as the key link between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Under steady state conditions, brain DC’s act as sentinels, continually sampling their local environment. They share this function with macrophages derived from the same basic hemopoietic (bone marrow-derived) precursor and with parenchymal microglia that arise from a unique non-hemopoietic origin. While multiple cells may serve as antigen presenting cells (APCs), dendritic cells present both foreign and self-proteins to naïve T cells that, in turn, carry out effector functions that serve to protect or destroy. The resulting activation of the adaptive response is a critical step to resolution of injury or infection and is key to survival. In this review we will explore the critical roles that DCs play in the brain’s response to neuroinflammatory disease with emphasis on how the brain’s microenvironment impacts these actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Colton
- Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2900, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|