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Alam J, Fahim SM, Islam MR, Alam MA, Gazi MA, Ahmed T. Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on the Rate of Weight Gain and Biomarkers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2024; 154:949-961. [PMID: 38331348 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major public health concern among low- and middle-income countries, where the majority of the children encountering this acute form of malnutrition suffer from environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). However, evidence regarding the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on the rate of weight gain and EED biomarkers in malnourished children is limited. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the role of L-carnitine supplementation on the rate of weight gain, duration of hospital stays, and EED biomarkers among children with SAM. METHODS A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Nutritional Rehabilitation Unit (NRU) of Dhaka Hospital, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Children with SAM aged 9-24 mo were randomly assigned to receive commercial L-carnitine syrup (100 mg/kg/d) or placebo for 15 d in addition to standard of care. A total of 98 children with Weight-for-Length-z-score (WLZ) < -3 Standard deviation were enrolled between October 2021 and March 2023. Analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS The primary outcome variable, "rate of weight gain," was comparable between L-carnitine and placebo groups (2.09 ± 2.23 compared with 2.07 ± 2.70; P = 0.973), which was consistent even after adjusting for potential covariates (age, sex, Weight-for-Age z-score, asset index, and WASH practices) through linear regression [ß: 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.63,1.37; P = 0.465]. The average hospital stay was ∼4 d. The results of adjusted median regression showed that following intervention, there was no significant difference in the EED biomarkers among the treatment arms; Myeloperoxidase (ng/mL) [ß: -1342.29; 95% CI: -2817.35, 132.77; P = 0.074], Neopterin (nmol/L) [ß: -153.33; 95% CI: -556.58, 249.91; P = 0.452], alpha-1-antitrypsin (mg/mL) [ß: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.15, 0.25; P = 0.627]. Initial L-carnitine (μmol/L) levels (median, interquartile range) for L-carnitine compared with placebo were 54.84 (36.0, 112.9) and 59.74 (45.7, 96.0), whereas levels after intervention were 102.05 (60.9, 182.1) and 105.02 (73.1, 203.7). CONCLUSIONS Although our study findings suggest that L-carnitine bears no additional effect on SAM, we recommend clinical trials with a longer duration of supplementation, possibly with other combinations of interventions, to investigate further into this topic of interest. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05083637.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinat Alam
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ridwan Islam
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld, Australia
| | - Md Amran Gazi
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Office of the Executive Director, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Public Health Nutrition, James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Keizer HG, Brands R, Seinen W. An AMP Kinase-pathway dependent integrated stress response regulates ageing and longevity. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10024-3. [PMID: 36877293 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of the AMP-kinase pathway (AMPK pathway) in the induction of a concomitant set of health benefits by exercise, numerous drugs, and health ingredients, all of which are adversely affected by ageing. Despite the AMPK pathway being frequently mentioned in relation to both these health effects and ageing, it appears challenging to understand how the activation of a single biochemical pathway by various treatments can produce such a diverse range of concurrent health benefits, involving so many organs. We discovered that the AMPK pathway functions as an integrated stress response system because of the presence of a feedback loop in it. This evolutionary conserved stress response system detects changes in AMP/ATP and NAD/NADH ratios, as well as the presence of potential toxins, and responds by activating a common protective transcriptional response that protects against aging and promotes longevity. The inactivation of the AMPK pathway with age most likely explains why ageing has a negative impact on the above-mentioned set of health benefits. We conclude that the presence of a feedback loop in the AMP-kinase pathway positions this pathway as an AMPK-ISR (AMP Kinase-dependent integrated stress response) system that responds to almost any type of (moderate) environmental stress by inducing various age-related health benefits and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Keizer
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Agrobusiness Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R Brands
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Agrobusiness Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Seinen
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Agrobusiness Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Acevedo LM, Vidal Á, Aguilera-Tejero E, Rivero JLL. Muscle plasticity is influenced by renal function and caloric intake through the FGF23-vitamin D axis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C14-C28. [PMID: 36409180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00306.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the main metabolic engine in the body of vertebrates, is endowed with great plasticity. The association between skeletal muscle plasticity and two highly prevalent health problems: renal dysfunction and obesity, which share etiologic links as well as many comorbidities, is a subject of great relevance. It is important to know how these alterations impact on the structure and function of skeletal muscle because the changes in muscle phenotype have a major influence on the quality of life of the patients. This literature review aims to discuss the influence of a nontraditional axis involving kidney, bone, and muscle on skeletal muscle plasticity. In this axis, the kidneys play a role as the main site for vitamin D activation. Renal disease leads to a direct decrease in 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D, secondary to reduction in renal functional mass, and has an indirect effect, through phosphate retention, that contributes to stimulate fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion by bone cells. FGF23 downregulates the renal synthesis of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D and upregulates its metabolism. Skeletal production of FGF23 is also regulated by caloric intake: it is increased in obesity and decreased by caloric restriction, and these changes impact on 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations, which are decreased in obesity and increased after caloric restriction. Thus, both phosphate retention, that develops secondary to renal failure, and caloric intake influence 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D that in turn plays a key role in muscle anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Acevedo
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, University of Cordoba, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Ángela Vidal
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Escolástico Aguilera-Tejero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - José-Luis L Rivero
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, University of Cordoba, Spain
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Huang S, Zheng X, Zhang X, Jin Z, Liu S, Fu L, Niu Y. Exercise improves high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorder by promoting HDAC5 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system in skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:1062-1074. [PMID: 35998371 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 4/5 are essential for regulating metabolic gene expression, AMPKα2 regulates HDAC4/5 activity and the expression of MuRF1 during exercise. In this study, we used wild type and AMPKα2-/- mice to explore the potential regulatory relationship between AMPKα2 and HDAC4/5 expression during exercise. Firstly, we fed C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet for eight-week to assess the effects of high-fat diet on skeletal muscle metabolism and HDAC4/5 expression. We then performed a six-week treadmill exercise on both wild type and AMPKα2-/- mice. After exercise, the expressions of HDAC4/5 were examined in both gastrocnemius and soleus. The citrate synthase activity and proteins involved in skeletal muscle oxidative process were assessed. To determine the relationship of HDAC4/5 and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, citrate synthase activity was assessed after silencing HDAC4/5. Moreover, HDAC5 ubiquitination and the association of MuRF1 to HDAC5 were also investigated. Our results showed that six-week exercise increased the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and decreased HDAC4/5 expression only in soleus. HDAC5 silencing increased C2C12 cells oxidative capacity. Proteasome inhibition by MG132 abolished exercise-induced HDAC5 degradation mediated by MuRF1-ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, the UPS did not dominantly account for exercise-induced HDAC4 degradation. Exercise up-regulated MuRF1-HDAC5 association in wild type mice but not in AMPKα2-/- mice. Our results revealed that six-week exercise increased the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and promoted HDAC5 degradation in soleus through the UPS, MuRF1 mediated HDAC5 ubiquitination. Although AMPKα2 played partial role in regulating MuRF1 expression and HDAC5 ubiquitination, exercise-induced HDAC5 degradation did not fully depend on AMPKα2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Huang
- Tianjin Medical University, Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin, Tianjin, China;
| | - Xinyue Zheng
- Tianjin Medical University, Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin, Tianjin, China;
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin, Tianjin, China;
| | - Zhe Jin
- Tianjin Yaohua binhai, School of Yaohua binhai, Tianjin, China;
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China;
| | - Li Fu
- Tianjin Medical University, Physiology, Tianjin, China;
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China;
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Hong JH, Lee MK. Carnitine Orotate Complex Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis Through Carnitine Acetyltransferase Pathway. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:933-947. [PMID: 34407600 PMCID: PMC8640142 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnitine orotate complex (Godex) has been shown to decrease glycated hemoglobin levels and improve steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the mechanisms of Godex in glucose metabolism remain unclear. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: normal-fat diet, high-fat diet, a high-fat diet supplemented with intraperitoneal injection of (500 mg or 2,000 mg/kg/day) Godex for 8 weeks. Computed tomography, indirect calorimetry, and histological analyses including electron microscopy of the liver were performed, and biochemical profiles and oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were undertaken. Expressions of genes in the lipid and glucose metabolism, activities of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, carnitine acetyltransferase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA)/CoA ratio were evaluated. RESULTS Godex improved insulin sensitivity and significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, steatosis, and gluconeogenesis, with a marked increase in fatty acid oxidation as well as better use of glucose in high-fat diet-fed mice. It preserved mitochondrial function and ultrastructure, restored oxidative phosphorylation enzyme activities, decreased acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio, and increased carnitine acetyltransferase content and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Carnitine acetyltransferase knockdown partially reversed the effects of Godex in liver and in vitro. CONCLUSION Godex improved insulin resistance and steatosis by regulating carnitine acetyltransferase in liver in high-fat diet-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Hong
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
- Corresponding author: Moon-Kyu Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8728-7184 Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, 712 Dongil-ro, Uijeongbu 11759, Korea E-mail:
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Sánchez-Archidona AR, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Roujeau C, Wigger L, Lallement J, Denom J, Barovic M, Kassis N, Mehl F, Weitz J, Distler M, Klose C, Simons K, Ibberson M, Solimena M, Magnan C, Thorens B. Plasma triacylglycerols are biomarkers of β-cell function in mice and humans. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101355. [PMID: 34634522 PMCID: PMC8602044 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To find plasma biomarkers prognostic of type 2 diabetes, which could also inform on pancreatic β-cell deregulations or defects in the function of insulin target tissues. Methods We conducted a systems biology approach to characterize the plasma lipidomes of C57Bl/6J, DBA/2J, and BALB/cJ mice under different nutritional conditions, as well as their pancreatic islet and liver transcriptomes. We searched for correlations between plasma lipids and tissue gene expression modules. Results We identified strong correlation between plasma triacylglycerols (TAGs) and islet gene modules that comprise key regulators of glucose- and lipid-regulated insulin secretion and of the insulin signaling pathway, the two top hits were Gck and Abhd6 for negative and positive correlations, respectively. Correlations were also found between sphingomyelins and islet gene modules that overlapped in part with the gene modules correlated with TAGs. In the liver, the gene module most strongly correlated with plasma TAGs was enriched in mRNAs encoding fatty acid and carnitine transporters as well as multiple enzymes of the β-oxidation pathway. In humans, plasma TAGs also correlated with the expression of several of the same key regulators of insulin secretion and the insulin signaling pathway identified in mice. This cross-species comparative analysis further led to the identification of PITPNC1 as a candidate regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Conclusion TAGs emerge as biomarkers of a liver-to-β-cell axis that links hepatic β-oxidation to β-cell functional mass and insulin secretion. Plasma triacylglycerols correlated with genes controlling β-cell mass and function. Plasma triacylglycerols correlated with genes controlling liver β-oxidation. In humans, triacylglycerols also correlated with key regulators of insulin secretion. Mouse and human data identified PITPNC1 as a candidate regulator of insulin secretion. Triacylglycerols are biomarkers of the liver-to-β-cell axis and β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez Sánchez-Archidona
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Clara Roujeau
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Leonore Wigger
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Jessica Denom
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Marko Barovic
- Department of Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Florence Mehl
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jurgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Marius Distler
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michele Solimena
- Department of Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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7
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Marschall MJM, Ringseis R, Gessner DK, Grundmann SM, Most E, Wen G, Maheshwari G, Zorn H, Eder K. Effect of Ecdysterone on the Hepatic Transcriptome and Lipid Metabolism in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5241. [PMID: 34063487 PMCID: PMC8156757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflicting reports exist with regard to the effect of ecdysterone, the predominating representative of steroid hormones in insects and plants, on hepatic and plasma lipid concentrations in different rodent models of obesity, fatty liver, and diabetes, indicating that the effect is dependent on the rodent model used. Here, the hypothesis was tested for the first time that ecdysterone causes lipid-lowering effects in genetically obese Zucker rats. To test this hypothesis, two groups of male obese Zucker rats (n = 8) were fed a nutrient-adequate diet supplemented without or with 0.5 g ecdysterone per kg diet. To study further if ecdysterone is capable of alleviating the strong lipid-synthetic activity in the liver of obese Zucker rats, the study included also two groups of male lean Zucker rats (n = 8) which also received either the ecdysterone-supplemented or the non-supplemented diet. While hepatic and plasma concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol were markedly higher in the obese compared to the lean rats (p < 0.05), hepatic and plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations did not differ between rats of the same genotype fed the diets without or with ecdysterone. In conclusion, the present study clearly shows that ecdysterone supplementation does not exhibit lipid-lowering actions in the liver and plasma of lean and obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena J. M. Marschall
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Denise K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Sarah M. Grundmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Gaiping Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
| | - Garima Maheshwari
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.J.M.M.); (D.K.G.); (S.M.G.); (E.M.); (G.W.); (G.M.); (K.E.)
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Grillo BAC, Rocha LC, Martinez GZ, Pimentel Neto J, Jacob CDS, Watanabe IS, Ciena AP. Myotendinous Junction Components of Different Skeletal Muscles Present Morphological Changes in Obese Rats. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-6. [PMID: 33879277 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excess adipose tissue and chronic inflammation and promotes extensive changes that can compromise skeletal muscles’ structural and functional integrity. Obesity can seriously impact the force transmission region between the muscle and the tendon, the myotendinous junction (MTJ). The present study aimed to investigate the plasticity of muscle fibers and MTJ regions in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SO) muscles. Wistar rats were divided into control and obese groups (induced by a high-fat diet). The samples of TA and SO muscles were prepared for histochemical and ultrastructural analysis (sarcomeres and MTJ projection). In the muscle fiber, similar adaptations were observed between the muscles of the smaller fiber (types I and IIa) in the obesity results. The MTJ region demonstrated different adaptations between the analyzed muscles. The TA–MTJ region has shorter ultrastructures, while in the SO–MTJ region, the ultrastructures were larger. We conclude that obesity induced by a high-fat diet promotes similar adaptation in the muscle fibers; however, in the MTJ region, the sarcoplasmatic projections and adjacent sarcomere demonstrate different adaptations according to distinct muscle phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Aléxia Cristofoletti Grillo
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
| | - Lara C Rocha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
| | - Giovana Z Martinez
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
| | - Jurandyr Pimentel Neto
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Jacob
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
| | - Ii-Sei Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences -ICB III, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP05508-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano P Ciena
- Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity (LAMAF), Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP13506-900, Brazil
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Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Nazhand A, Souto SB, Silva AM, Severino P, Souto EB, Santini A. The Nutraceutical Value of Carnitine and Its Use in Dietary Supplements. Molecules 2020; 25:E2127. [PMID: 32370025 PMCID: PMC7249051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnitine can be considered a conditionally essential nutrient for its importance in human physiology. This paper provides an updated picture of the main features of carnitine outlining its interest and possible use. Particular attention has been addressed to its beneficial properties, exploiting carnitine's properties and possible use by considering the main in vitro, in animal, and human studies. Moreover, the main aspects of carnitine-based dietary supplements have been indicated and defined with reference to their possible beneficial health properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Amirhossein Nazhand
- Department of Biotechnology, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resource University, 9th km of Farah Abad Road, Sari 48181 68984, Mazandaran, Iran;
| | - Selma B. Souto
- Department of Endocrinology of Hospital São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Industrial Biotechnology Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil;
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via. D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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10
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Hong OK, Choi YH, Kwon HS, Jeong HK, Son JW, Lee SS, Kim SR, Yoon KH, Yoo SJ. Long-term insulin treatment leads to a change in myosin heavy chain fiber distribution in OLETF rat skeletal muscle. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2404-2412. [PMID: 30230025 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate molecular and physiological changes in response to long-term insulin glargine treatment in the skeletal muscle of OLETF rats. Male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats aged 24 weeks were randomly allocated to either treatment with insulin for 24 weeks or no treatment, resulting in three groups. Insulin glargine treatment in OLETF rats (OLETF-G) for 24 weeks resulted in changes in blood glucose levels in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests compared with age-matched, untreated OLETF rats (OLETF-C), and the area under the curve was significantly decreased for OLETF-G rats compared with OLETF-C rats (P < 0.05). The protein levels of MHC isoforms were altered in gastrocnemius muscle of OLETF rats, and the proportions of myosin heavy chain type I and II fibers were lower and higher, respectively, in OLETF-G compared with OLETF-C rats. Activation of myokines (IL-6, IL-15, FNDC5, and myostatin) in gastrocnemius muscle was significantly inhibited in OLETF-G compared with OLETF-C rats ( P < 0.05). MyoD and myogenin levels were decreased, while IGF-I and GLUT4 levels were increased, in the skeletal muscle of OLETF-G rats ( P < 0.05). Insulin glargine treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, SIRT1, and PGC-1α. Together, our results suggested that changes in the distribution of fiber types by insulin glargine could result in downregulation of myokines and muscle regulatory proteins. The effects were likely associated with activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Changes in these proteins may at least partly explain the effect of insulin in skeletal muscle of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oak-Kee Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Won Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Jib Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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11
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Hasan MM, Shalaby SM, El-Gendy J, Abdelghany EMA. Beneficial effects of metformin on muscle atrophy induced by obesity in rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5677-5686. [PMID: 30320911 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM A growing interest to understand the signaling pathways mediating obesity-induced muscle atrophy is given. Metformin (Met) was reported to possess positive effects on preventing muscle damage and promoting muscle mass maintenance. The aim of the present study to investigate pathways involved in Met effect on obesity induced muscle atrophy. METHODS Thirty adult male albino rats were assigned into two groups: normal chew diet fed group as control group (C; n = 10) and high-fat-diet (HFD) fed group ( n = 20). After 16 weeks, the HFD-fed animals were subdivided into two groups; HFD group ( n = 10) and HFD fed treated with oral Met (320 mg/day) treatment (Met, n = 10) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment; final body weight, visceral fat weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin, lactate, total cholesterol, triglycerides were measured and calculated homeostatic model assessment insulin resistant (HOMA-IR) for all groups. Soleus muscle weight, histopathlogical examination and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), forkhead box O3 (FoxO3), atrogin-1/MAFbx, and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF-1) were performed. RESULTS HFD-fed animals showed significant increase in final body weight, visceral fat mass, fasting blood glucose, insulin, calculated HOMA-IR, lactate, total cholesterol and triglycerides with significant decrease in soleus muscle weight, PGC-1α and significant increase in FoxO3, atrogin-1/MAFbx, and MuRF-1 expression. Also, there was significant decrease in fiber diameter, myosin heavy chain (MHC) I content while collagen content and myosin heavy chain IIa were increased compared with control group. Met-treated group showed a significant decrease in the measured parameters compared with the HFD group. It also restored the gene expression, morphometric measures and MHC composition toward normal. CONCLUSION The current study is the first to provide evidence that Met could ameliorate muscle atrophy in high-fat diet induced obesity and this effect may be in part due to regulation of PGC-1α-FoxO3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Hasan
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sally M Shalaby
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jehan El-Gendy
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M A Abdelghany
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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12
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Matsubara Y, Furuyama T, Nakayama K, Yoshiya K, Inoue K, Morisaki K, Kume M, Maehara Y. High intramuscular adipose tissue content as a precondition of sarcopenia in patients with aortic aneurysm. Surg Today 2018; 48:1052-1059. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-018-1697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Samir SM, Abbas AM, Safwat SM, Elserougy HG. Effect of L-carnitine on diabetes-induced changes of skeletal muscles in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:47-59. [PMID: 28981442 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at risk of experiencing chronic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and myopathy. We aimed to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine on type II DM (T2DM)-induced biochemical, contractile and pathological changes in skeletal muscles of rats. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the control, control+L-carnitine, T2DM and T2DM+L-carnitine groups. Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde and antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) as well as the contractile properties of the gastrocnemius muscle were measured. Also, histopathological studies and immunohistochemical examination of the gastrocnemius muscle using the MuRF1 (muscle RING-finger protein-1) marker were performed. RESULTS In diabetic rats, malondialdehyde, glucose, insulin, HbA1c and MuRF1 were increased, whereas ISI and antioxidants were decreased and the contractile properties deteriorated. L-carnitine decreased malondialdehyde, glucose, insulin, HbA1c and MuRF1 and increased ISI and antioxidants. Also, L-carnitine improves the contractile properties in diabetic rats. Histopathological studies confirm our data. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that L-carnitine exhibits protective effects on skeletal muscles of T2DM rats through its hypoglycemic and antioxidant actions as well as its inhibitory effect on protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen M Samir
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abbas
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sally M Safwat
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanaa G Elserougy
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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14
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Hussein AM, Adel M, El-Mesery M, Abbas KM, Ali AN, Abulseoud OA. l-Carnitine Modulates Epileptic Seizures in Pentylenetetrazole-Kindled Rats via Suppression of Apoptosis and Autophagy and Upregulation of Hsp70. Brain Sci 2018. [PMID: 29538301 PMCID: PMC5870363 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Carnitine is a unique nutritional supplement for athletes that has been recently studied as a potential treatment for certain neuropsychiatric disorders. However, its efficacy in seizure control has not been investigated. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive either saline (Sal) (negative control) or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) 40 mg/kg i.p. × 3 times/week × 3 weeks. The PTZ group was further subdivided into two groups, the first received oral l-carnitine (l-Car) (100 mg/kg/day × 4 weeks) (PTZ + l-Car), while the second group received saline (PTZ + Sal). Daily identification and quantification of seizure scores, time to the first seizure and the duration of seizures were performed in each animal. Molecular oxidative markers were examined in the animal brains. l-Car treatment was associated with marked reduction in seizure score (p = 0.0002) that was indicated as early as Day 2 of treatment and continued throughout treatment duration. Furthermore, l-Car significantly prolonged the time to the first seizure (p < 0.0001) and shortened seizure duration (p = 0.028). In addition, l-Car administration for four weeks attenuated PTZ-induced increase in the level of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.0001) and reduced the activity of catalase enzyme (p = 0.0006) and increased antioxidant GSH activity (p < 0.0001). Moreover, l-Car significantly reduced PTZ-induced elevation in protein expression of caspase-3 (p < 0.0001) and β-catenin (p < 0.0001). Overall, our results suggest a potential therapeutic role of l-Car in seizure control and call for testing these preclinical results in a proof of concept pilot clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz M Hussein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Adel
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Khaled M Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Amr N Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Osama A Abulseoud
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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15
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Saneyasu T, Shindo H, Honda K, Kamisoyama H. The Extract of Soybean Protein Increases Slow-Myosin Heavy Chain Expression in C2C12 Myotubes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:296-300. [PMID: 30175795 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is composed of four types of fibers in mammals; oxidative slow-twitch type I, oxidative fast-twitch IIA, and glycolytic fast-twitch IIB and IIX/D. In this study using C2C12 myotubes, an extract of soybean protein significantly upregulated mRNA level of myosin heavy chain 7 (Myh7), the predominant isoform expressed in oxidative slow-twitch type I and downregulated mRNA levels of Myh4, the predominant isoform expressed in glycolytic fast-twitch IIB. Similarly, its hydrolysate prepared using digestive enzyme also significantly increased Myh7 expression. In contrast, no significant change was observed in Myh4 mRNA level after the hydrolysate treatment. These findings suggest that dietary intake of the soybean protein extract may increase oxidative slow-twitch fiber in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haruka Shindo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
| | - Kazuhisa Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
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16
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Enoki Y, Watanabe H, Arake R, Fujimura R, Ishiodori K, Imafuku T, Nishida K, Sugimoto R, Nagao S, Miyamura S, Ishima Y, Tanaka M, Matsushita K, Komaba H, Fukagawa M, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Potential therapeutic interventions for chronic kidney disease-associated sarcopenia via indoxyl sulfate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:735-747. [PMID: 28608457 PMCID: PMC5659061 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients experience skeletal muscle wasting and decreased exercise endurance. Our previous study demonstrated that indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, accelerates skeletal muscle atrophy. The purpose of this study was to examine the issue of whether IS causes mitochondria dysfunction and IS-targeted intervention using AST-120, which inhibits IS accumulation, or mitochondria-targeted intervention using L-carnitine or teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor which retains mitochondria function and alleviates skeletal muscle atrophy and muscle endurance in chronic kidney disease mice. METHODS The in vitro effect of IS on mitochondrial status was evaluated using mouse myofibroblast cells (C2C12 cell). The mice were divided into sham or 5/6-nephrectomized (CKD) mice group. Chronic kidney disease mice were also randomly assigned to non-treatment group and AST-120, L-carnitine, or teneligliptin treatment groups. RESULTS In C2C12 cells, IS induced mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing the expression of PGC-1α and inducing autophagy in addition to decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Co-incubation with an anti-oxidant, ascorbic acid, L-carnitine, or teneligliptine restored the values to their original state. In CKD mice, the body and skeletal muscle weights were decreased compared with sham mice. Compared with sham mice, the expression of interleukin-6 and atrophy-related factors such as myostatin and atrogin-1 was increased in the skeletal muscle of CKD mice, whereas muscular Akt phosphorylation was decreased. In addition, a reduced exercise capacity was observed for the CKD mice, which was accompanied by a decreased expression of muscular PCG-1α and increased muscular autophagy, as reflected by decreased mitochondria-rich type I fibres. An AST-120 treatment significantly restored these changes including skeletal muscle weight observed in CKD mice to the sham levels accompanied by a reduction in IS levels. An L-carnitine or teneligliptin treatment also restored them to the sham levels without changing IS level. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IS induces mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle cells and provides a potential therapeutic strategy such as IS-targeted and mitochondria-targeted interventions for treating CKD-induced muscle atrophy and decreased exercise endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Enoki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Riho Arake
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Rui Fujimura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kana Ishiodori
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Imafuku
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kento Nishida
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryusei Sugimoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Saori Nagao
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Miyamura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Motoko Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Akebono Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Hirotaka Komaba
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Fukagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.,DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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17
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Yang K, Wang L, Zhou G, Lin X, Peng J, Wang L, Luo L, Wang J, Shu G, Wang S, Gao P, Zhu X, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Jiang Q. Phytol Promotes the Formation of Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers through PGC-1α/miRNA but Not Mitochondria Oxidation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5916-5925. [PMID: 28654264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytol is a side chain of chlorophyll belonging to the side-chain double terpenoid. When animals consume food rich in chlorophyll, phytol can be broken down to phytanic acid after digestion. It was reported that feeding animals with different varieties and levels of forage could significant improve pH and marbling score of steer and lamb carcasses, but the internal mechanism for this is still not reported. The marbling score and pH of muscle was mainly determined by skeletal muscle fiber type, which is due to expression of different myosin heavy-chain (MHC) isoforms. Here, we provide evidence that phytol can indeed affect the diversity of muscle fiber types both in vitro and in vivo and demonstrate that phytol can increase the expression of MHC I (p < 0.05), likely by upgrading the expression of PPARδ, PGC-1α, and related miRNAs. This fiber-type transformation process may not be caused by activated mitochondrial metabolism but by the structural changes in muscle fiber types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Yang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiajing Lin
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Peng
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Leshan Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Lv Luo
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Shu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Songbo Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gao
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
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18
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Zhou Q, Gu Y, Lang H, Wang X, Chen K, Gong X, Zhou M, Ran L, Zhu J, Mi M. Dihydromyricetin prevents obesity-induced slow-twitch-fiber reduction partially via FLCN/FNIP1/AMPK pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1282-1291. [PMID: 28363698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied by decreases in the proportion of skeletal muscle slow-twitch fibers and insulin sensitivity. Increased plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels are responsible for obesity-associated insulin resistance. Palmitate, one of the most elevated plasma NEFA in obesity, has been recognized as the principle inducer of insulin resistance. The present study showed that increased plasma NEFA levels were negatively linked to slow-twitch fiber proportion and insulin sensitivity, while slow-twitch fiber proportion was positively correlated to insulin sensitivity in high fat diet (HFD)-fed and ob/ob mice. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) intervention increased slow-twitch fiber proportion and improved insulin resistance. In cultured C2C12 myotubes, palmitate treatment resulted in decrease of slow-twitch fiber specific Myh7 expression and insulin resistance, concomitant with folliculin (FLCN) and folliculin-interacting protein 1 (FNIP1) expression increase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inactivation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression decrease. Those palmitate-induced effects could be blocked by knock-down of FLCN expression or DHM intervention. Meanwhile, the protective effects of DHM were alleviated by over-expression of FLCN. In addition, the changes in AMPK activity and expression of FLCN and FNIP1 in vivo were consistent with those occurring in vitro. These findings suggest that DHM treatment prevents palmitate-induced slow-twitch fibers decrease partially via FLCN-FNIP1-AMPK pathway thereby improving insulin resistance in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qicheng Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yeyun Gu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Hedong Lang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Ka Chen
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xinhua Gong
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Li Ran
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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19
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Acevedo LM, Raya AI, Martínez-Moreno JM, Aguilera–Tejero E, Rivero JLL. Mangiferin protects against adverse skeletal muscle changes and enhances muscle oxidative capacity in obese rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173028. [PMID: 28253314 PMCID: PMC5333851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related skeletal muscle changes include muscle atrophy, slow-to-fast fiber-type transformation, and impaired mitochondrial oxidative capacity. These changes relate with increased risk of insulin resistance. Mangiferin, the major component of the plant Mangifera indica, is a well-known anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antihyperlipidemic agent. This study tested the hypothesis that mangiferin treatment counteracts obesity-induced fiber atrophy and slow-to-fast fiber transition, and favors an oxidative phenotype in skeletal muscle of obese rats. Obese Zucker rats were fed gelatin pellets with (15 mg/kg BW/day) or without (placebo group) mangiferin for 8 weeks. Lean Zucker rats received the same gelatin pellets without mangiferin and served as non-obese and non-diabetic controls. Lesser diameter, fiber composition, and histochemical succinic dehydrogenase activity (an oxidative marker) of myosin-based fiber-types were assessed in soleus and tibialis cranialis muscles. A multivariate discriminant analysis encompassing all fiber-type features indicated that obese rats treated with mangiferin displayed skeletal muscle phenotypes significantly different compared with both lean and obese control rats. Mangiferin significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines, preserved skeletal muscle mass, fiber cross-sectional size, and fiber-type composition, and enhanced muscle fiber oxidative capacity. These data demonstrate that mangiferin attenuated adverse skeletal muscle changes in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M. Acevedo
- Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana I. Raya
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julio M. Martínez-Moreno
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Escolástico Aguilera–Tejero
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - José-Luis L. Rivero
- Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Pattanakuhar S, Pongchaidecha A, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. The effect of exercise on skeletal muscle fibre type distribution in obesity: From cellular levels to clinical application. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 11:112-132. [PMID: 27756527 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles play important roles in metabolism, energy expenditure, physical strength, and locomotive activity. Skeletal muscle fibre types in the body are heterogeneous. They can be classified as oxidative types and glycolytic types with oxidative-type are fatigue-resistant and use oxidative metabolism, while fibres with glycolytic-type are fatigue-sensitive and prefer glycolytic metabolism. Several studies demonstrated that an obese condition with abnormal metabolic parameters has been negatively correlated with the distribution of oxidative-type skeletal muscle fibres, but positively associated with that of glycolytic-type muscle fibres. However, some studies demonstrated otherwise. In addition, several studies demonstrated that an exercise training programme caused the redistribution of oxidative-type skeletal muscle fibres in obesity. In contrast, some studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, the present review comprehensively summarizes and discusses those consistent and inconsistent findings from clinical studies, regarding the association among the distribution of skeletal muscle fibre types, obese condition, and exercise training programmes. Furthermore, the possible underlying mechanisms and clinical application of the alterations in muscle fibre type following obesity are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintip Pattanakuhar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Zeitz JO, Most E, Eder K. Conjugated linoleic acid influences the metabolism of tocopherol in lactating rats but has little effect on tissue tocopherol concentrations in pups. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:102. [PMID: 27246092 PMCID: PMC4888485 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known to affect the lipid metabolism in growing and lactating animals. However, potential effects on the metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins in lactating animals and co-occurring effects on their offspring are unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary CLA on concentrations of tocopherol in various tissues of lactating rats and their offspring and expression of genes involved in tocopherol metabolism. Methods Twenty-eight Wistar Han rats were allocated to 2 groups and fed either a control diet (control group) or a diet containing 0.9 % of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 (1:1) CLA (CLA group) during pregnancy and lactation. Feed intake of dams and body weight of dams and their pups were recorded weekly. Tocopherol concentrations in various body tissues were determined at day 14 of lactation in dams and 1, 7 and 14 days after birth in pups. Expression of selected genes involved in metabolism of tocopherol was determined in dams and pups. The data were statistically analysed by analysis of variance. Results Feed intake and body weight development of nursing rats and their pups was similar in both groups. In livers of CLA-fed dams, tocopherol concentrations decreased by 24 % but expression of TTPA and CYP3A1, involved in tocopherol transport and metabolism, were not influenced. In the dams’ adipose tissue, gene expression of receptors involved in tissue tocopherol uptake, LDLR and SCARB1, but not of LPL, increased by 30 to 50 % and tocopherol concentrations increased by 47 % in CLA-fed compared to control dams. Expression of LPL, LDLR and SCARB1 in mammary gland was not influenced by CLA-feeding. Tocopherol concentrations in the pup’s livers and lungs were similar in both groups, but at 14 days of age, adipose tissue tocopherol concentrations, and LDLR and SCARB1 expression, were higher in the CLA-exposed pups. Conclusions We show that dietary CLA affects tissue concentrations of tocopherol in lactating rats and tocopherol metabolism in rats and pups, but hardly influences tissue tocopherol concentrations in their offspring. This indicates that supplementation of CLA in pregnant and lactating animals is uncritical considering the tocopherol status of new-borns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna O Zeitz
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Erika Most
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392, Giessen, Germany
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Lizárraga-Mollinedo E, Fernández-Millán E, García-San Frutos M, de Toro-Martín J, Fernández-Agulló T, Ros M, Álvarez C, Escrivá F. Early and Long-term Undernutrition in Female Rats Exacerbates the Metabolic Risk Associated with Nutritional Rehabilitation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19353-66. [PMID: 26105051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human studies have suggested that early undernutrition increases the risk of obesity, thereby explaining the increase in overweight among individuals from developing countries who have been undernourished as children. However, this conclusion is controversial, given that other studies do not concur. This study sought to determine whether rehabilitation after undernutrition increases the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders. We employed a published experimental food-restriction model. Wistar female rats subjected to severe food restriction since fetal stage and controls were transferred to a moderately high-fat diet (cafeteria) provided at 70 days of life to 6.5 months. Another group of undernourished rats were rehabilitated with chow. The energy intake of undernourished animals transferred to cafeteria formula exceeded that of the controls under this regime and was probably driven by hypothalamic disorders in insulin and leptin signal transduction. The cafeteria diet resulted in greater relative increases in both fat and lean body mass in the undernourished rats when compared with controls, enabling the former group to completely catch up in length and body mass index. White adipose tissues of undernourished rats transferred to the high-lipid regime developed a browning which, probably, contributed to avoid the obesigenic effect observed in controls. Nevertheless, the restricted group rehabilitated with cafeteria formula had greater accretion of visceral than subcutaneous fat, showed increased signs of macrophage infiltration and inflammation in visceral pad, dyslipidemia, and ectopic fat accumulation. The data indicate that early long-term undernutrition is associated with increased susceptibility to the harmful effects of nutritional rehabilitation, without causing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lizárraga-Mollinedo
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Spain, and
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- the Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Spain, and
| | - Miriam García-San Frutos
- the Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan de Toro-Martín
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Fernández-Agulló
- the Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ros
- the Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Álvarez
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Spain, and
| | - Fernando Escrivá
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Spain, and
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Schild M, Ruhs A, Beiter T, Zügel M, Hudemann J, Reimer A, Krumholz-Wagner I, Wagner C, Keller J, Eder K, Krüger K, Krüger M, Braun T, Nieß A, Steinacker J, Mooren FC. Basal and exercise induced label-free quantitative protein profiling of m. vastus lateralis in trained and untrained individuals. J Proteomics 2015; 122:119-32. [PMID: 25857276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Morphological and metabolic adaptations of the human skeletal muscle to exercise are crucial to improve performance and prevent chronic diseases and metabolic disorders. In this study we investigated human skeletal muscle protein composition in endurance trained (ET) versus untrained individuals (UT) and its modulation by an acute bout of endurance exercise. Participants were recruited based on their VO2max and subjected to a bicycle exercise test. M. vastus lateralis biopsies were taken before and three hours after exercise. Muscle lysates were analyzed using off-gel LC-MS/MS. Relative protein abundances were compared between ET and UT at rest and after exercise. Comparing UT and ET, we identified 92 significantly changed proteins under resting conditions. Specifically, fiber-type-specific and proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle were increased in ET. In response to acute exercise, 71 proteins in ET and 44 in UT were altered. Here, a decrease of proteins involved in energy metabolism accompanied with alterations of heat shock and proteasomal proteins could be observed. In summary, long-term endurance training increased the basal level of structural and mitochondrial proteins in skeletal muscle. In contrast, acute exercise resulted in a depletion of proteins related to substrate utilization, especially in trained athletes. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The investigation of the human skeletal muscle proteome in response to exercise may provide novel insights into the process of muscular plasticity. It is of importance in the development of exercise-based strategies in the prevention and therapy of many chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases which are often accompanied by muscular deconditioning. Up to date, proteomic investigations of the human muscle proteome in adaptation to exercise are mainly focused on untrained individuals and often restricted to animal studies. In the present study we compare the protein composition in endurance trained athletes and untrained individuals in the resting muscle and its modulation in response to acute exercise. To our knowledge, we present the first comprehensive analysis of skeletal muscle proteome alterations in response to acute and long-term exercise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schild
- Department of Sports Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Aaron Ruhs
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Parkstr. 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Beiter
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martina Zügel
- Division of Sport and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Parkstr. 11, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Hudemann
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anna Reimer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ilke Krumholz-Wagner
- Department of Sports Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Carola Wagner
- Division of Sport and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Parkstr. 11, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Janine Keller
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Sports Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- CECAD Research Center, Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Parkstr. 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Steinacker
- Division of Sport and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Parkstr. 11, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank C Mooren
- Department of Sports Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Mizunoya
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
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Keller J, Ringseis R, Eder K. Supplemental carnitine affects the microRNA expression profile in skeletal muscle of obese Zucker rats. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:512. [PMID: 24952657 PMCID: PMC4078242 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the past, numerous studies revealed that supplementation with carnitine has multiple effects on performance characteristics and gene expression in livestock and model animals. The molecular mechanisms underlying these observations are still largely unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and thereby influencing several physiological and pathological processes. Based on these findings, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of carnitine supplementation on the miRNA expression profile in skeletal muscle of obese Zucker rats using miRNA microarray analysis. Results Obese Zucker rats supplemented with carnitine had higher concentrations of total carnitine in plasma and muscle than obese control rats (P < 0.05). miRNA expression profiling in skeletal muscle revealed a subset of 152 miRNAs out of the total number of miRNAs analysed (259) were identified to be differentially regulated (adjusted P-value < 0.05) by carnitine supplementation. Compared to the obese control group, 111 miRNAs were up-regulated and 41 down-regulated by carnitine supplementation (adjusted P-value < 0.05). 14 of these miRNAs showed a log2 ratio ≥ 0.5 and 7 miRNAs showed a log2 ratio ≤ −0.5 (adjusted P-value < 0.05). After confirmation by qRT-PCR, 11 miRNAs were found to be up-regulated and 6 miRNAs were down-regulated by carnitine supplementation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a total of 1,446 target genes within the validated miRNAs were revealed using combined three bioinformatic algorithms. Analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) categories and KEGG pathways of the predicted targets revealed that carnitine supplementation regulates miRNAs that target a large set of genes involved in protein-localization and -transport, regulation of transcription and RNA metabolic processes, as well as genes involved in several signal transduction pathways, like ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and longterm depression, are targeted by the miRNAs regulated by carnitine supplementation. Conclusion The present study shows for the first time that supplementation of carnitine affects a large set of miRNAs in skeletal muscle of obese Zucker rats suggesting a novel mechanism through which carnitine exerts its multiple effects on gene expression, which were observed during the past. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-512) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Keller
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen 35392, Germany.
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Couturier A, Ringseis R, Mooren FC, Krüger K, Most E, Eder K. Correction: Carnitine supplementation to obese Zucker rats prevents obesity-induced type I to type II muscle fiber transition and favors an oxidative phenotype of skeletal muscle. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:16. [PMID: 24731222 PMCID: PMC3989793 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
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Ingham AB, Osborne SA, Menzies M, Briscoe S, Chen W, Kongsuwan K, Reverter A, Jeanes A, Dalrymple BP, Wijffels G, Seymour R, Hudson NJ. RNF14 is a regulator of mitochondrial and immune function in muscle. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8:10. [PMID: 24472305 PMCID: PMC3906743 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-8-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle development and remodelling, mitochondrial physiology and inflammation are thought to be inter-related and to have implications for metabolism in both health and disease. However, our understanding of their molecular control is incomplete. RESULTS In this study we have confirmed that the ring finger 14 protein (RNF14), a poorly understood transcriptional regulator, influences the expression of both mitochondrial and immune-related genes. The prediction was based on a combination of network connectivity and differential connectivity in cattle (a non-model organism) and mice data sets, with a focus on skeletal muscle. They assigned similar probability to mammalian RNF14 playing a regulatory role in mitochondrial and immune gene expression. To try and resolve this apparent ambiguity we performed a genome-wide microarray expression analysis on mouse C2C12 myoblasts transiently transfected with two Rnf14 transcript variants that encode 2 naturally occurring but different RNF14 protein isoforms. The effect of both constructs was significantly different to the control samples (untransfected cells and cells transfected with an empty vector). Cluster analyses revealed that transfection with the two Rnf14 constructs yielded discrete expression signatures from each other, but in both cases a substantial set of genes annotated as encoding proteins related to immune function were perturbed. These included cytokines and interferon regulatory factors. Additionally, transfection of the longer transcript variant 1 coordinately increased the expression of 12 (of the total 13) mitochondrial proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome, 3 of which were significant in isolated pair-wise comparisons (Mt-coxII, Mt-nd2 and mt-nd4l). This apparent additional mitochondrial function may be attributable to the RWD protein domain that is present only in the longer RNF14 isoform. CONCLUSIONS RNF14 influences the expression of both mitochondrial and immune related genes in a skeletal muscle context, and has likely implications for the inter-relationship between bioenergetic status and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas J Hudson
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, 306 Carmody Road, St, Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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Effect of carnitine, acetyl-, and propionylcarnitine supplementation on the body carnitine pool, skeletal muscle composition, and physical performance in mice. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1313-25. [PMID: 24337254 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pharmacokinetics and effects on skeletal muscle and physical performance of oral acetylcarnitine and propionylcarnitine are not well characterized. We therefore investigated the influence of oral acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, and carnitine on body carnitine homeostasis, energy metabolism, and physical performance in mice and compared the findings to non-supplemented control animals. METHODS Mice were supplemented orally with 2 mmol/kg/day carnitine, acetylcarnitine, or propionylcarnitine for 4 weeks and studied either at rest or after exhaustive exercise. RESULTS In the supplemented groups, total plasma and urine carnitine concentrations were significantly higher than in the control group receiving no carnitine, whereas the skeletal muscle carnitine content remained unchanged. The supplemented acylcarnitines were hydrolyzed in intestine and liver and reached the systemic circulation as carnitine. Bioavailability of carnitine and acylcarnitines, determined as the urinary excretion of total carnitine, was in the range of 19 %. Skeletal muscle morphology, including fiber-type composition, was not affected, and oxygen consumption by soleus or gastrocnemius fibers was not different between the groups. Supplementation with carnitine or acylcarnitines had no significant impact on the running capacity, but was associated with lower plasma lactate levels and a higher glycogen content in white skeletal muscle after exhaustive exercise. CONCLUSIONS Oral supplementation of carnitine, acetylcarnitine, or propionylcarnitine in mice is associated with increased plasma and urine total carnitine concentrations, but does not affect the skeletal muscle carnitine content. Despite better preservation of skeletal muscle glycogen and lower plasma lactate levels, physical performance was not improved by carnitine or acylcarnitine supplementation.
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